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NARA Yakustt MONASTERY COMPOUND EXCAVAT10N REPORT

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NARA Yakustt MONASTERY COMPOUND EXCAVAT10N REPORT RESEARCH REPORT OF NARA NATIONAL CULTURAL PROPERTIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE夕 NO.45 NARA YAKUStt MONASTERY COMPOUND EXCAVAT10N REPORT SURVEYS ON EXCAVATIONS CARRIED OUT BETWEEN 1954 AND 1985 ENGLISH SUMMARY NARA NATIONAL CULTURAL PROPERTIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE 1987 Part l TEXT CONTENTS chapter I IntroductiOn.....す 。.・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 1 chapter H History ofYakushtti MOnastery,… …Ⅲ…………………・ 4 1. Establishment Ofthe MOnastery_._… ………, 4 2.Construction of Yakushも l MOnaStery in Heも 5-ky5。 _.… .… ……・―・…・…・―・―・5 3. Monastery Grounds and Bu工dings........・ ・・・・ 8 4.The Yakushも i during the Heian Period,… ._._ 9 5,The Yakush� i after the End ofthe Heian Period.。 11 chaPter HI Deta工s and Genera1 0utlines Of ArchacO10gical Research._… …..… …………………Ⅲ16 chaPter IV Sites .....・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 23 1,Sites BefOre Archae。 1。gical Research._… ……。23 2. Features ........・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 25 A.South Gate and Main Gate.… .… ._.… ・…25 Bo West Pagoda...… ....・ ・・・・―・………・・・ 37 C,G。lden Ha11.… …._.・ ―…………・……… 43 Do Monks'Quarters.… ….… …Ⅲ…………・・… 50 Eo RefectOry._.… Ⅲ….― 。―・―・―・…・―・57 F.“ Cross Hall''_._.… ………Ⅲ…………Ⅲ… 59 G. Sutra RcPositOry and Belfry._.… … .… … Ⅲ 61 Ho Cloister.… ………………………………・… 63 1. Lecture Hall._… …………………………・ 69 Jo Others.___.._・ ・―・。一…………Ⅲ…'70 3.Stones from Bu工 dings at Yakushも i and “MOtO Yakushもi".… Ⅲ…Ⅲ…・…・―・―・―。…・72 chaPter V Unearthed Artifacts.… ……… ……… ………… ………・75 1, Wooden Tablets,....・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・。 75 A.unearthed at west Monks'Quttrters,_._._ 75 B. unearthed at Wel SE037....… …・・・・……・ 76 2. T工es and Bricks......・ ・・・・・……・・・・・・・・―・ 77 A. round roofedge t工 es.......・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・ 77 B, curved roof― edge t工 es .........・ ・・・・・・・・・110 C. rooft工 es fOr variOus uses and bricks.......。 144 D. Tlles with chinese characters and t工es、vith dra璃 たngs.....・ ・・・・・・・・・・・。148 J,f 3. Ceranlics.。 ...・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・148 A.unearthed at West Monks'Quarters.… ………149 B. unettrthed at East Monks'Quarters..… …… .155 C. unearthed at Pit SK047.....・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・157 D. unearthed at Wen sE037._._… ……… …・160 E. unearthed at Well sE032._.… ………… … ■62 F. unearthed at Wen sE048.....・ ・・・・・・・・・・・162 G.unearthed at Wett sE041._.… …… ……… ■64 H. unearthed at Well SE046..… …… … ……… 。164 1. unearthed at Pit SK043.....・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・165 J. unearthed at Pit SK044。 _… ………………。166 K. unearthed at Pit SK049。 ...。 ....・ ・・・・・・・・167 L. unearthed at Wctt sE040。 ,… … ..… ………・168 M・ POttery with ink inscriPtiOns.......・ ・・・・・・169 4.Metal Products。 .… …….― ―・・―・・…・・…・・169 5, Coins,… ……._… ……・―・―………………。175 A. 」aPanese coins......・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・175 B. Chinё se coins......・ …・・・・…・・・・・・―・・・177 6. Glassware,Stones,and WOOden PrOducts......。 179 A. Glass ware.… …….._。 ・……………・…。■79 Bo Stones,......・ ・・・・・。・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・。180 C, Wooden Products ._.… ………… … Ⅲ… … ■80 7. Figures。 _._._.… .… ……・―・…・―・―・■81 A. clay figures,… Ⅲ… 。_… …・―・… … Ⅲ…… ■81 B. dry-lacquered agures.........・ ・・・・・・・・・・196 c.g』 t_brOnze figures… …………………………200 chapter VI Further COnslderations.....・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・。202 1. Sites........・ ・・・・・・・・・… ……・・・…・―― 。202 2.Unearthed Artifacts.__… ……… ……… … … Ⅲ226 A. roof tttes.....・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・226 B・ POttery......・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・251 chaPter VH cOnclusion.....・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・。・・・・・・・・・・・・・268 APPENDIX Excavations at South EInd Main Gates, YakushttiMOnastery ComPound._.__・ ―…………・274 332 FRONT PIECE:COLOR Photo Of oiginal Golden Hall(Kο 掏教剪,frOm sOutheast SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES l.chrOnological table fOr Yakushもi MOnaStery。 .… Ⅲ…Ⅲ…._・ …・…286 2. ClassificatiOn of round rOOfedge tdes l .....・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 296 3. CiassificatiOn of rOund rOOfedge tttes 2(comrnttPattern)。 ._… …・ 298 4. CiassificatiOn of Plain rOof― edge t工es.… … … .… …・―・…… … … 。 303 5。 Ratio ofround rOof― edge t工 es according to eXCavated zone ....... 313 6. Ratio of curved rOOfedge t工 es according to excavated zone....... 317 7. List of cOins .....・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・。 321 FIGURES l.Rise and fal1 0fYakushtti MOnastery_… …._.._・ ・………・・- 7 2.01d drawing of Yakushも icomPOund,dated early EdO pettod.__.14 3. Old drawing of Yakushも icOmPOund,dated mid_Edo period.… …。15 4. Aerial divisions Of excavated areas.....・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・。・・・・。 21 5。 YakushもicompOund in ttη ,す ο ηcた んOz,c,a book ofとawings Of nOted Places in the Yamato region,dated 1790 ........・ ・・・・・ 23 6.Aettal views of Yakushも icOmPOund(PhotOgrttPhed 1962).… … … Ⅲ24 7.Cross section ofη οbc転 カケ(延 石),SOuth Gate foundation PlatfOrm._.… .… Ⅲ…・―。―・…Ⅲ…・―・…・―・―・―・―・―・27 8, Cross section of ηο♭c― ヶdん ,,″浄胞 覆),andた ん,(束 石), "(地 'た '礁 SOuth Gate foundatiOn PlatfOrm.........・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 27 9. Cross sectiOn of the Originn South Gate foundation PlatfOrin。 ..... 28 10。 StratigraPhiC diagram(eastern section)。 _._・ ―・―・―。―・―…29 11. Plane figure and cross section of the external ornamentatiOn �thin Of Main Gate foundation PlatfOr貰 ■,northwest corner....... 30 12. Plane figure and elevatiOn Of the external ornamentation OfMain Gate foundation platfOrm,south side。 _… ……………._ 31 13. I■ ustration of stairs restored in their original state(sOuth side), Main Gate。 ………。_.… …・…………………………………・―32 14,Plane figure and crOss sectiOn of the dais for the Two Deva Kings ３ ３ ９ ３ ３ lNケ う),caSt Side ........・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ ,at the west side ofWest Pagoda(southern halう 。・―・―・・ 15.デゆιた … ９ 16.J"を 抱 …Ⅲ…._._・ ―・―・ "at the east side stttrs ofWest Pagoda。 17. Deta工 s of」 i′静滝ク at the west slde of West Pagoda 39 (SOuthern halfl… …………………………………………………・ 18, Cross section ofWest Pagoda foundation PlatfOrm 40 (SOuthern halfl_・ …・――………………………………………・ 43 19. Deta工 s ofthe sOuth main stairs of Golden Hall。 _._… …………・ 399 20。 Tenon(力 οZο 柄 9-た ん,(tOP)・ ・―・…・―・―・―・…・―・-44 )Ofん '知 21。 Length Ofthe sPan between PostS・ ・・・.....・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 46 22, Deta工 s Of the seventh aPartl■ entin West Monks'Quarters........ 49 23.Chttrredデ ゆι滝初frOm the s� th aPartmentin West Monks' Quarters。 ………………………・・―・・――…・―・―・―……・・53 Stratigraphic PrOfile at the nOrthwest corner of RefectOry.......・ 59 clay drainage Pipes at the southwest cOrner ofwest.......・ ・・・・・ 65 External ornamentation Of East Coridor(east Side)… ……。―・…・ 66 A rOw of rOOftiles._.… .… …・―――・…Ⅲ…………・―・……・68 COmPOSitiOn of foundatiOn stone(■ iCrOscoPic PhOtO)....・ ・・・・・・ 73 Round rOOfedge tiles Ofthe same pattern(1)。 ・・… … … …・―・…・ 79 Round rOof― edge tiles.......・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 80 Round rOOiedge tiles。 .......・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 82 Round rOoiedge t工 es Of the same pattern(2)。 _… …… ……・―… 83 Round rOOf_edge tles........・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 84 Round rOOiedge t」 es Ofthe same Pattern(3)....・ …・・・・・・・・・・・ 87 Round rOOfedge tiles..… …… .… … …・…・・・…… …… 。… Ⅲ…・ 88 Round rOOユ edge tiles........・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 90 Round rooiedge tiles Ofthe same Pattern(4)...… ……… … Ⅲ…・・ 92 Round roOiedge tiles........・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 94 Round rOOfedge tiles Ofthe same Pattern(5)...… ………・・……・ 95 Round rOOfedge tiles Ofthe same Pattern(6)._… …… …… ……・ 96 Round rOOiedge tiles,。 ......・ ・・・・・・・・・1・ ・・・.....。 ・・・・・・・ 98 Round rOOfedge t』 es.........・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・。 100 Round roofedge tiles Of the sarne Pattern(7)....・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・ 101 Round rOOfedge tiles........・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・。・・・・・・・・ 102 Round rOOiedge tilesす 。......・ ・。す。・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・。 104 Round roof― edge tiles.......・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 106 Round rOOiedge tiles........・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 107 Round rOOfedge tnes.........・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 108 classified curved roofedge t工 es,_.… …… …………… ……… … 11° Curved rooι edge tiles Ofthe same Pattern(1)。 …… … … ……・―・ 112 Curved roof― edge t工 es......・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 113 Curved roof― edge tiles.__… …………………………………… 115 Cdrved rOOfedge tiles of the same Pattern(2)...… ……………… 116 Curved roofedge tiles.._.… …………………………………… 119 Curved roofedge tiles Of the same pattern(3)。 ..… ……………… 120 Curved roofedge tiles......・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 123 Curved roof― edge tiles....。 ・・・・・・・・。・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・。。。 125 Curved roOfedge t工 es Ofthe samc Pattern(4).。 ..・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・ 127 Curved roofedge t工 es.......・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 129 Curved roofedge tiles Of the salne Pattern(5).__.― ・― ……… 130 Curved roofedge t工 es.......・ 。・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・。 131 Curved rooと edge tiles...す 。.・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 133 CuA/ed rOof― edge tiles Of the same Pattern(6).… ………… …・…・ 134 θθイ 64. Curved roof― edge tiles.........・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 137 65, Curved rooと edge t工 es Of the same pattern(7)...… ……・・・・…… 138 66. Curved roofedge t工 es......・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 139 67. Curved rooiedge tiles of the same pattern(8)。 __.… …・…・―・ 140 68, Curved roofedge tdes......・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 142 69, Curved roofedge t工 es.....・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 143 70,Demon tiles(ο ηなαναr況 鬼瓦)._._・ ―・―・―・…・―・―・―・145 71. Rooft工 es for variOus uses,bricks.......・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 147 72. ComPOSition Of POttery unearthed at West Monks'Quarters.....・ 150 73. ComPOSition of POttery unearthed at Pit SK043.....・ ・・・・・・・・・ 165 74。 ComPOSition of POttery unearthed at Pit SK044.....・ ・・・・・・・・。 166 75。 Composition Of POttery unearthed at Pit SK049。 ........・ ・・・。・ 167 76. ComPOSition of POttery unearthed at Well sE040。 ........・ ・・・・ 168 77.Ornamental metal attingS。 一_… ………………………………・170 78. 11lustration Of“ dragon vehicle".....・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 170 79,Metal goods in early mOdern times.… .._… … Ⅲ… … …… … Ⅲ… 174 80,Classification of歳駆'9ヶ 佑現んう(寛 永通宝 )cOinS・ ―・― .… ._.… … 176 81. Stone products.....・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 178 82. Beads
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