Zánik Jugoslávie Jako Státoprávní a Ústavní Problém

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Zánik Jugoslávie Jako Státoprávní a Ústavní Problém Právnická fakulta Masarykovy univerzity Ústavní právo a státověda Katedra ústavního práva a politologie Disertační práce Zánik Jugoslávie jako státoprávní a ústavní problém JUDr. David Kolumber 2015/2016 „Prohlašuji, že jsem disertační práci na téma »Zánik Jugoslávie jako státoprávní a ústavní problém« zpracoval sám. Veškeré prameny a zdroje informací, které jsem použil k sepsání této práce, byly citovány v poznámkách pod čarou a jsou uvedeny v seznamu použitých pramenů a literatury.“ Ve Zlíně dne 29. srpna 2016 ……………………………………… JUDr. David Kolumber Rád bych z tohoto místa poděkoval svému školiteli prof. JUDr. Janu Filipovi, CSc. za veškerou nápomoc. Mé velké poděkování patří mé přítelkyni, která mi nejen pomáhala, ale také se mnou prožívala psaní disertační práce a byla mi po celou dobu oporou. Poděkování pak patří nejen jí, ale i mým rodičům, babičce a dědovi za pomoc a podporu na celé cestě k této práci. Abstrakt Předložená disertační práce „Zánik Jugoslávie jako státoprávní a ústavní problém“ se zabývá otázkou zániku Jugoslávie v letech 1990 až 1992. Práce se člení na čtyři základní části. Nejprve je rozebráno teoretické a státovědné ukotvení celkové problematiky. Dále se disertační práce zabývá hlavními ústavními institucemi (parlamentem, hlavou státu, vládou a ústavním soudem) a takzvaným „pilířům“ Jugoslávie (Josip Broz Tito, Jugoslávská lidová armáda, Svaz komunistů Jugoslávie, společný jazyk a idea bratrství a jednoty). Čtvrtá část se věnuje rozpadu Jugoslávie v letech 1990 až 1992 z ústavněprávního a státovědného hlediska. Abstract The thesis “Break-up of Yugoslavia as a state-law and constitutional problem” deals with the matter of the break-up of Yugoslavia (1990-92). The thesis is divided into four parts. The thesis copes with the general and state-law theoretical background. Then, the main constitutional institutions (Parliament, head of state, Government and Constitutional Court) and the so-called “pillars” of Yugoslavia (Tito, Yugoslav People's Army, League of Communists; language and the idea of the brotherhood and unity) are mentioned. The fourth part analyses the break-up of Yugoslavia in 1990-92 from the constitutional and state-law point of view. 4 Klíčová slova Josip Broz Tito; Jugoslávie; Jugoslávská lidová armáda; Předsednictvo SFRJ; Skupština SFRJ; Svaz komunistů Jugoslávie; Ústavní soud Jugoslávie; Ústavní vývoj Jugoslávie; Válka v Jugoslávii; Zánik státu Keywords Josip Broz Tito; Yugoslavia; Yugoslav People's Army; Presidency of SFRY; Skupština of SFRY; League of Communists of Yugoslavia; Constitutional Court of Yugoslavia; Constitutional Development of Yugoslavia; Yugoslav Wars; Break-up of the State Počet znaků disertační práce: 668 668 (tj. 371,48 normostran) 5 Obsah SEZNAM ZKRATEK ................................................................................................................. 8 ÚVOD ......................................................................................................................................... 10 1 STAV ZKOUMANÉ PROBLEMATIKY A PŘEHLED LITERATURY ................. 13 2 OBECNÁ STÁTOVĚDNÁ VÝCHODISKA ................................................................ 21 2.1 STÁT ....................................................................................................................... 21 2.2 FEDERALISMUS ...................................................................................................... 27 2.2.1 Unitární stát ................................................................................................................... 28 2.2.2 Federace a konfederace ................................................................................................. 29 2.3 ZÁNIK STÁTU ......................................................................................................... 32 2.3.2 Zánik státu schematicky ................................................................................................. 36 2.3.3 Nepravý zánik státu ........................................................................................................ 36 2.3.4 Pravý zánik státu ............................................................................................................ 38 2.3.5 Teoretický zánik státu ..................................................................................................... 44 3 ÚSTAVNÍ VÝVOJ JUGOSLÁVIE ............................................................................... 48 3.1 OBDOBÍ MEZIVÁLEČNÉHO JIHOSLOVANSKÉHO STÁTU (1918 – 1941) ............... 49 3.2 OBDOBÍ TITOVSKÉ JUGOSLÁVIE .......................................................................... 57 3.2.1 Období druhé světové války a konstituování federace (1941 – 1946) ............................ 58 3.2.2 Období centralizovaného federalismu (1946 – 1953) .................................................... 64 3.2.3 Období institucionalizace a upevňování samosprávy (1953 – 1963) ............................. 67 3.2.4 Období snah o korekci podceňované národnostní otázky (1963 – 1967) ....................... 70 3.2.5 Období ústavních dodatků (1967 – 1974) ...................................................................... 73 3.2.6 Období oslabování federace (1974 – 1988) ................................................................... 76 3.2.7 Období snah o reformu federace (1988 – 1990) ............................................................ 80 3.2.8 Období rozkladu (1990 – 1992) ..................................................................................... 83 3.3 ÚSTAVNÍ STRUKTURA JUGOSLÁVIE ..................................................................... 86 3.3.1 Parlament ....................................................................................................................... 86 3.3.2 Hlava státu ..................................................................................................................... 87 3.3.3 Vláda .............................................................................................................................. 89 3.3.4 Ústavní soudnictví .......................................................................................................... 90 3.3.5 Charakter Jugoslávie z hlediska státovědného ............................................................... 92 3.4 „PILÍŘE“ JUGOSLÁVIE .......................................................................................... 94 3.4.1 Maršál Tito ..................................................................................................................... 95 3.4.2 Jazyk jako integrující prvek ............................................................................................ 98 3.4.3 Jugoslávská lidová armáda .......................................................................................... 100 3.4.4 Svaz komunistů Jugoslávie ........................................................................................... 104 6 3.4.5 Státní idea Jugoslávie ................................................................................................... 111 4 ÚSTAVNĚPRÁVNÍ SOUVISLOSTI ZÁNIKU JUGOSLÁVIE .............................. 114 4.1 ÚMRTÍ TITA A ROZMĚLNĚNÍ STÁTNÍ IDEY ........................................................ 116 4.2 FAKTICKÝ KONEC SKJ A POKRAČUJÍCÍ ROZKLAD SFRJ ................................ 128 4.3 POKUSY O REFORMU SFRJ A KRIZE SVAZOVÉHO PŘEDSEDNICTVA ............... 135 4.4 EPILOG TITOVSKÉ JUGOSLÁVIE ......................................................................... 143 4.4.1 Vyhlášení nezávislosti Slovinska a Chorvatska ............................................................ 143 4.4.2 Vojenské řešení krize a Brionská dohoda ..................................................................... 144 4.4.3 Situace ve svazových ústavních institucích ................................................................... 147 4.4.4 Rozhodovací činnost Ústavního soudu Jugoslávie v době rozpadu ............................. 151 4.4.5 Konference o Jugoslávii a její arbitrážní komise ......................................................... 155 4.5 ÚSTAVNĚPRÁVNÍ NÁSLEDKY ZÁNIKU JUGOSLÁVIE .......................................... 162 4.5.1 Relikty Jugoslávie ......................................................................................................... 162 4.5.2 Zánik Jugoslávie jako státoprávní a ústavní problém .................................................. 171 ZÁVĚR ..................................................................................................................................... 175 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 180 SOUPIS PRAMENŮ ............................................................................................................... 182 7 Seznam zkratek ARBiH Armáda Republiky Bosny a Hercegoviny (Armija Republike Bosne i Hercegovine) ASNOM Antifašistické shromáždění národního osvobození Makedonie (Антифашистичко собрание на народното ослободување на Македонија) ASNOS Antifašistická skupština národního osvobození Srbska (Antifašistička skupština narodnog oslobođenja Srbije) AVNOJ Antifašistická rada národního osvobození Jugoslávie (Antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja Jugoslavije) AVNOS Antifašistická rada národního osvobození Sandžaku (Antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja Sandžaka) BiH Bosna a Hercegovina (Bosna i Hercegovina) CK ústřední výbor (centralni komitet) CSA Konfederované státy americké (Confederate
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