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Reworking the Arthurian Legend in Contemporary Spanish Literature

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Reworking the Arthurian Legend in Contemporary Spanish Literature View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Online Research @ Cardiff Intertextuality, Manipulation and Propaganda: Reworking the Arthurian Legend in Contemporary Spanish Literature Cecilia Antoinette Morgan Thesis submitted to Cardiff University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2019 i Summary Whereas the historicity of King Arthur has roundly been contested in academic circles, as Higham (2002) says, the idea of a fifth or sixth-century British king called Arthur and the Golden Age of peace and prosperity that accompanied his reign has endured in Western culture for over a thousand years. When studying any Arthurian text, medieval or modern, it is essential to try and understand the nature and purpose of that text as well as the political and cultural context at the time of textual production and consumption. This is because as the Arthurian story has been transformed and adapted by authors it has consistently been used as an agent of political and cultural propaganda to deliver a particular message that is relevant for the contemporary age in which the reworked text is written. In this way, the new text is given a fresh emphasis, ideological purpose and the power to persuade or manipulate contemporary readers to change the present. This thesis examines this manipulative potential of the legend in two contemporary Spanish novels El rapto del Santo Grial (1984) by Paloma Díaz-Mas and Artorius (2006) by César Vidal. The thesis contends that the intentional, creative and strategic use of intertextuality by these authors, characterised by parody, irony and allegory, acts to manipulate the reader into a desired reading of their texts, thus allowing them a platform to deliver their ideological views and personal concerns about contemporary Spanish society at the times the novels were written. ii iii List of Contents Summary …………………………..……………………………………………………… i List of Contents …………………………………………………………………………… iii Acknowledgements ……………………..……………………………………………… vii Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Literature Review Introduction …………………………………………………….……………............ 15 1. Postmedieval Arthuriana……………………………………………………… 16 1.2 Modern Arthuriana on the Iberian Peninsula ……………………… 17 2. The Case Studies …………………………………………………………………. 20 3. Key Theoretical Concepts and Approaches for analysing the Case Studies ………………………………………………………………………… 21 3.1 Intertextuality. ………………………………………………………………….. 21 3.2 Manipulation: Gérard Genette’s Theory of the Paratext………… 25 3.3 Authorial Intention……………………………………………………………. 26 4. Propaganda Theory and The Roman à Thèse…………......................... 27 5. Linda Hutcheon’s Theory of Postmodern Historiographic Metafiction: Parody and Irony in ERDSG ………………………………… 28 6. Postmodern Feminist Theories and the Representation of the ‘Body’…………………………………………………………………………………… 30 6.1 The Socially Constructed ‘Body’…………………………………………… 31 7. Humour Theory…………………………………………………………………….. 32 8. The Merits of Artorius as an Historical Novel…………………………… 33 9. Conclusion………………….………………………………………………………... 35 Chapter 3: The Use of Irony in the Paratextual Elements of El rapto del Santo Grial o El Caballero de la Verde Oliva Introduction........................………………………………………………………… 39 1.1 The Cover Illustration………………..……..………………………………. 40 1.2 The Back Cover …………………………………………………………........... 43 iv 2. Irony and its Discursive Communities ……………………………….. 43 2.1 The ‘Scene of Irony’ and ‘Irony’s Edge………………………………. 45 2.2 La Guerrera: An Image of Two Halves………………………………. 46 3. The Title …………………………………………………………………............. 48 4. The Subtitle …………………………………………………………….............. 52 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………. 54 Chapter 4: Historiographic Metafiction, Intertextuality and the Use of Textual/Structural and Discursive irony in El rapto del Santo Grial o El Caballero de la Verde Oliva Introduction…………………………………………………………………….. 57 1.The Textual Analysis ……………………………………………………… 60 1.2 The Feminine Voice in the Spanish Ballad………………………. 61 2. The Intertexts……………………………………......................................... 63 2.1 ‘La leyenda de las cien doncellas…………………………………… 63 2.2 ‘El romance de la doncella guerrera………………………………. 66 2.3 ‘El romance de la infantina encantada…………………………… 72 2.4 ‘El romance de una fatal ocasión’…………………………………… 74 2.5 ‘El romance de Blancaniña’ (also known as Albaniña, La adúltera or ‘La casada infiel’)……………………………………………………… 75 2.6 ‘El paipero’…………………………………………………………………… 77 2.7 ‘El romance del Conde Niño…………………………………………… 77 2.8 Perceval’s Soliloquy and the Concept of Courtly Love……… 79 2.9 Gauvain’s Treachery …………………………………………………….. 83 2.10 ‘El Caballero de la Choza de Tristura……………………………. 84 2.11 ‘El romance del Conde Arnaldos ………………………………….. 86 3. ERDSG as a Work of Historiographic Metafiction……………… 90 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………. 94 Chapter 5: Gender, Discourse and the Representation of the ‘Body’ in El rapto del Santo Grial Introduction…………………………………………………………………… 99 v 1. The Soul or Mind/Body Distinction in Western Philosophy……………………………………………………... 100 2. The Feminist Response ………………………………………………… 103 3. Writing and Speaking from the ‘Body’ (Textual Analysis) ……. 105 3.1 The Body in Pain: The Death of ‘El Caballero de Morado …... 109 4. The ‘Body’ as a Social Construct. Foucault’s Concept of ‘Sexuality Power and ‘Docile Bodies’………………………………………………….... 113 4.1 Textual Analysis…………………………………………………………........ 114 4.2 Gender, the ‘Body’ and Performativity .………………………….... 117 4.3 Textual Analysis………………………………………………………………. 119 5. Joking, Discourse and the ‘Body’ ...………………………………………. 120 5.1 Textual Analysis …………….………………………………………………… 122 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………….............. 126 Chapter 6: The ‘Age of Arthur’ Introduction………..………………………………………………………………… 129 1. Artorius and its Paratexts ………..………………………………………….. 132 2. The Medieval Literary Sources: What They Tell Us About ‘Arthurian’ Britain and ‘Arthur’ ………..…………………………………… 138 2.1. The Intertexts .………..………………………………………………………... 141 2.1.1 The De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae (c.540)………………… 141 2.1.2 The Historia Brittonum (c. 828-9)……………………………………… 146 2.1.3 The Annales Cambriae (c.960-80)..………..……………………………..150 3. The Epigraphic and Archaeological Evidence...………..……………… 152 Conclusion ……….……………………………………………………………………... 154 Chapter 7: Propaganda and Manipulation in Artorius Introduction……….…………………………………………………………………. 157 1. Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero’s First Term of Office 2004-8……….……………………………………………………………… 160 2. Zapatero’s Social Reforms……….…………………………………………… 162 vi 2.1 Ley del Aborto 2004……….…………………………………………………... 163 2.2 Ley del Divorcio 2005………………………………………………………… 164 2.3 Ley del Matrimonio Homosexual 2005…….…………………………… 165 2.4 Ley de la Extranjería 2005……..………...................................................... 166 2.5 Ley de la Dependencia 2006………...………………………………………. 168 2.6 Ley de la Memoria Histórica 2007………... …………………………….. 169 2.7 The Reform of Autonomy Statutes………...……………………………. 171 3. César Vidal, Historian, Historical Novelist and Extremist………… 172 3.1 César Vidal and His Campaign Against José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero………..…………………………………………………………………… 178 4.Textual Analysis of Artorius………...………………………………………… 181 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….............. 194 Chapter 8: Gender, Discourse and The Representation of the ‘Body’ in Artorius Introduction…………………………………………………………………………. 199 1. The Early Christian View of the ‘Body’………..……………………….. 201 1.2 The Teachings of St Paul of Tarsus………..…………………………… 202 2. The Representation of the Female ‘Body’ in Artorius…………… 205 3. The Textual Analysis..…………………………………………………………. 207 3.1 Vivian……..………………………………………………………………………… 208 3.2 Ronwen…………………………………………………………………................ 214 3.3 Leonor de Gwent……….………………………………………………………. 217 3.4 Merlin’s Mother……..…………………………………………………………... 220 Conclusion.………..…………………………………………………………………… 223 Chapter 9: Conclusion……….…………………………………………………………………… 227 1. Intertextuality ……………………………………………………………………… 228 2. Manipulation ………………………………………………………………………... 231 3. Propaganda ………………………………………………………………………….. 232 4. Authorial Influence ……………………………………………………………….. 234 Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………………….. 241 vii Acknowledgements I wish to express my heartfelt thanks to Dr Carlos Sanz Mingo who as my first supervisor has been at my side all along my PhD journey. I thank him for his unfailing support and constant encouragement, his wisdom and Arthurian knowledge, his good nature, sense of humour and amazing attention to detail. I also wish to express my appreciation to Dr Montserrat Lunati who was initially part of my supervisory team but then moved on to pastures new. In those early years, her supportive guidance and knowledge on Feminist theory was invaluable and greatly helped to shape this thesis. My sincere thanks also go to Dr Andrew Dowling for stepping into the role of my second supervisor on Dr Lunati’s departure and providing new ideas and a welcome historian’s perspective on this thesis. Special thanks must, of course, go to my family. I thank Paul for his patience, endurance, help and understanding and for making this thesis possible. Rhys and Rachel, Lewys and Rachel, Lloyd and Rhiannon, I thank you all for your interest in and enthusiasm for my subject and especially for your undying belief that I would complete my project. Last, and by no means least, I wish to
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