Allwrite: A World Class Word Processo

A CWC/I PUBLICATION

Utili-Keys Unlock the Power Of Your TRS-80

Input Screens The Easy Way

14 New Commands For Cassette Basic

Garbage Collection: Causes and Cures

Editext: A Hybrid Line/Screen Editor

Streamlined Editing In Model 4 Basi

MAD: A Model 4 Address Mapper Knock The Socks Off Your

Beef up Your Add a Low-Cost ^^ Color Computer with Personal Printer Radio Shack Accessories High-performance Using somebody else's home com- printing from your 1 puter can be a pretty frustrating Color Computer is fast thing. Tiny memories, second-rate and easy with the graphics and limited accessories DMP-110 dot-matrix take all the fun out of programming printer (#26-1271, p*^ and video games. That's why seri- $399.00) from Radio ous computer hobbyists enjoy Shack. The DMP-110 Radio Shack's Color Computer so gives you proportionally spaced or correspondence-quality ' much. No other color computer ex- characters for letters and reports at a swift 25 characters pands to do so many things. per second— about 200 words per minute! The DMP-110 Get Room to Grow With Disk Storage prints mono-spaced characters in standard, elite or con- densed fonts at 50 characters per second: fast enough to Add a single Radio Shack disk drive to your Color Com- print homework or reports in just minutes. The DMP-110 l»i'l • also offers all the print capabilities you need: italic charac- 5 1 /4" diskette. That s 156K of disk storage for $50 less ters, super and subscripts, underlining and microfonts. than last year! After you have your first drive (#26-3029), You can print originals or originals and a carbon on you can add up to three more for $279.95 each, for an 4" to 10" fanfold paper or on single sheets. incredible 624K of disk storage. Installation of your first drive is a snap. Just plug the Color Disk Drive controller w Program Pak into the Color Computer cartridge port and you're ready for high-speed file creation, storage and retrieval. Each disk drive comes with Radio Shack performance and reliability built in, so your Color Com- puter will always stay ahead of the times and up with your needs. Neighbor's Kiddie Computer Access Computer Networks With a Mddem When you add the Radio Shack Direct-Connect

Modem I to your Color

Computer, you've given it the ability to communi- MBl \§L cate with other comput- 1 ers and with a variety of J information retrieval services by phone. The Modem I (#26-1175, $99.95) plugs directly into a modular telephone outlet and into your Color Computer. It translates electronic impulses that make up computer information into tones

that can be sent over telephone lines. It also translates in- coming tones into information your Color Computer can store and display. It's an important tool for Color Computer users who want to access computer bulletin boards, keep track of the stock market at home or use your school's mainframe computer. Choose Radio Shack for Computer Support The Color Computer and its peripherals are only part of the reason Radio Shack is the choice for serious computer users. Radio Shack offers unmatched support for the u^ ^<^ ^fiw9 Color Computer owner, with exciting accessories like an software options, too. Choose from more than 20 com- easy-to-use Color Mouse for video games and color graph- puter programs for educational or household applications. ics. Video game players have two types of joysticks to More than 30 popular video games are also available for choose from, and three memory upgrade kits are available the Color Computer. to increase the internal memory of your Color Computer. Visit Your Nearby Radio Shack Today Software Selection Available Start color computing today with a visit to your nearby Disk software for the Color Computer includes SCRIPSIT*. Radio Shack Computer Center, participating store or an easy-to-use word processing program that offers op- dealer. No other computer offers the power and capability tional upper/lower case display and background printing; of Radio Shack's Color Computer for the price. And no Cash Budget Management, to keep an accurate record of other manufacturer offers Radio Shack's nationwide ser-

cash and bank accounts; Spectaculator" , for financial vice and support. So only a Radio Shack Color Computer and accessories will do!

The Technology Store A DIVISION OF

FREE! All-New 1985 Computer Catalog. Mail To: Radio Shack. Dept. 85-A-246 300 One Tandy Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76102

STATE TELEPHONE

Prices apply at Radio Shack Computer Centers and at participating stores and .!»- ll.T-. T/Maker Integrated Software Simple, Powerful Well Liked.

InfoWorld The NffunurerfcH lot !Mlf rofomputrr l \ti • "...if you regularly prepare documents "T/Maker is a superb product! I have yet to combining text, see anything that comes close to its level of charts, and lists, "The program is a system integration, overall ease of use pleasure to ... if you belong to use... and general sophistication." an organization [it] is well imple- -Tim Doneliuk. 7/11/83 mented, well docu- that uses several different kinds ot

mented, and is quick microcomputers ... if you want to

in operation. It de- Performance reduce the training burden and serves an AA rating." Documentation improve the capability of sharing -F.M. Remley, 7/83 Ease of Use files... T/Maker can become the Error Handling key program in your software library."

- Frank J. DerHet, Jr, 4/84

'CMir«tt >cm ».!*)> INIERFACEAGE Magaz,. POPULAR- "After using T/Maker for some time, COMPUTING my reaction is that this program "T/Maker is an excellent choice. . . Unlike the other accomplishes its job simply and (integrated) programs, it is available for the vast without effort." number of 8-bit computers running the CP/M -Michael Heck, 3/84 as well as for the more powerful 16-bit computers."

-Michael J. Miller, 12/83

Everything In ONE Program.

Available for Kaypro JRS-80 Model II, 4/4P, 12, 16 (requires CP/M) ^266 Also available for IBM PC, TANDY 2000, Tl PRO, DEC Rainbow, requires 128K. I Integrated Software Suggested Retail: $450 f Word Processing Ask your local Radio Shack Center for more Spread Sheet Analysis information or call: Relational Data Base Mangement T/Maker Company Spelling Checker 2115 Landings Drive Bar Chart Graphics Mountain View, CA 94043 415 962-0195 Plus On Line Help

t 1984, T/Moker Company InloWorld. reprinted Peelings II quote from "T/Moker III". V4N7, C 1984, Peelings II, Inc.. reprinted by permission, all rights reserved InfoWarld quote from "T/Maker III, A General Purpose CP/M Program", C 1984 by permKsron. all rights reserved. PC Magailne quote Irom Prepare la meet Your T/Moker", V3N7, C IV84. PC Communications. Corp., reprinted by permission, all rights reserved, ftipular Computing quote from

Interface quote from III, Integration at Price C 1984. Interlace "T/Moker Oners a Different Approach , 12/83, C Byte Publications. Inc , reprinted by permission, oil rights reserved Age T/Maker a Modest V9N3, Age Magazine, Inc., reprinted by permission, all rights reserved Repnnts available on request. ' SHOULD YOU CALL THE DOCTOR?

Consult the HOME HEALTH GUIDE for CHILDREN and Your .

With the HOME HEALTH GUIDE for CHILDREN you have Instantaneous access to vital Information about 1 55

lealth problems - typical for infants, children and adolescents. It tells you when to call the doctor and gives you: • description and definition of symptoms and causes • recommended home care • recommended actions to be taken • recommended preventative measures

It includes everything from diaper rash to dandruff, from mumps to the common cold, from splinters to selecting shoes. Here's the table of contents

INTRODUCTION TO THE HEALTH GUIDE SKIN LUNGS GLOSSARY OF SIMILAR TERMS BRAIN ABDOMEN MOST COMMON PROBLEMS EYES BLADDER EMERGENCIES EARS GENITALS NOSE BONES AND JO(NTS PREPARATION FOR CALLING YOUR CHILD'S PHYSICIAN MOUTH AND THROAT

The three disk package was written by Barton D. Schmitt, M.D., a well known Pediatrician and member of the faculty at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. It Is published by Clinical Reference Systems, Inc., a leader in the field of medical electronic publishing.

The HOME HEALTH GUIDE for CHILDREN is both a reference tool for you as well as an educational library for your entire family. The software is easy to use - all instructions are built-in.

The suggested retail price, for all 3 disks of information, is only $69.95- To order: Ask for the HOME HEALTH GUIDE for CHILDREN from your local store. Or send in the coupon below CRS, PO. Box 20308. Denver. CO 80220. USA. For the fastest service, call toll free 1-800-821-2794. In Colorado call 399-7089.

HOME HEALTH GUIDE is available for. TRS 80 Model III and 4. Name . 50'", IBM PC ; AT&T 6300 ."Zenith 1 Corona f" f Address I 1 . and Apple lie City State ; ; | t Computer Brandy Model Check enclosed for $_ We welcome your charge order. Please fill in all the infor ZTTT . Subtotal Mastercard Visa My card expires I Colo residents add molyr. My card number is 3'/2% sales tax

I I I I I I /_/_/_/_/ J_l_l_l_l _jZ5 Postage/handling Total CLINICAL REFERENCE SYSTEMS INC

^100 I EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Eric Maloney MANAGING EDITOR (EDITORIAL) Peter E. McKle MANAGING EDITOR (PRODUCTION) Deborah M. Sargent REVIEW EDITOR Ryan Davis-Wright COPY EDITORS Robert Mitchell (New Products) Penelope Hamblln ASSISTANT EDITOR Catherine Geary TECHNICAL EDITORS Bradford N. Dixon Best CP/M Mare-Anne Jarvela Keith Johnson (Load 80) Beverly Woodbury EDITORIAL ADMINISTRATION Carole Macloci EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Justlna Alsfeld ASSOCIATE EDITORS Hardin Brothers David Engelhard! John B. Han-el! HI Terry Kepner Thomas L. Qulndry computers. EDITORIAL DIRECTOR CWCP PUBLICATIONS Jeffrey D. DeTray EDITORIAL OPERATIONS MANAGER Pickles & Trout CP/M is the product of over four years of John C. Burnett experience with Radio Shack computers — and their users.

Thousands of people use it with pleasure. So can you. ADVERTISING SALES

IT'S FLEXIBLE IT'S COMPACT AND SALES MANAGER William Smith With P&T CP/M 2, you can POWERFUL SALES REPRESENTATIVES take advantage of every feature P&T CP/M 2 packs a lot of Richard J. A Id en of your Mod H/12/16. Choose Michael Wozmak power into as little as 8.5 1-800-441-4403 from among the 2000 or more Kbytes of RAM. Its many WEST COAST OFFICE 1060 Marsh Road CP/M -80 programs now on unique features include a mas- Menlo Park. CA 94025 the market. Use either Radio ter diskette that automatically 415-328-3470 SALES MANAGER Shack or Corvus hard disk copies itself, an easily-used Giorgio Salutl systems. use Radio Shack And system MENU, 20 special SALES REPRESENTATIVES or non-Radio Shack printers, utilities, programmable keys, Allison Walsh Karen Letendre plotters, modems, terminals and a full-screen editor, a screen other peripherals. print function, and many extra programming tools. IT'S WELL-SUPPORTED The fully-indexed P&T manual IT'S A BARGAIN is understandable and compre- The floppy disk version of P&T hensive. And our experienced CP/M 2 is only $200. Hard disk Cover by Wayne McLoaghlin support staff is always available versions are $250. And no hard-

The left bracket. replaces the arrow used by Radio Shack lo indi- to help you. ware modifications are required. [. up cate exponentiation on our printouts Whan antarlng programs pub- lished in 90 Micro, you ehoutd make this change K formats its program listings to run S4characters wide, the way may look on your video screen This accounts for ths occasional wrap-around Order today or use the attached coupon to find out more about the you will notica in our program listings Don't tat It throw you, particularly whan entering assembly listings best CP/M for your Mod H/12/16. Articla submissiona Irom our raadars ara welcomed and encouraged. ingui'i.* should be addressed to. Submissiona Editor, 00 Pina Straat. Pe- lartjorough. NM 03459 Include an SASE lor a copy of How to Wnta for to Micro:' Payment for accaptad artictas is mada at a rata of epproxi- maieiy ISO par pnntad paga, ail rights are purchased -TRS-ao. Scripsit. and TRSOOS ara trademarks of Radio Shack, a dim- slon of Tandy Corp Name

80 Micro (ISSN 4744-79891 is published monthly by CW Commumcatlone/

Peterborough Inc . 90 Pine St, Peterborough. NH 03438 Phone: 003-924-9471 Second class postage paid at Peterborough, NH. and addHioo- ai mailing offices Subscription ratee In US are 124.97 tor one year. 939 for I two years, and 953 for three years In Canada and Mexico 927.97—one year State Zip only, u S funds drawn on a U S bank Nationally dntrtbuled by International Circulation Distributors foreign subscriptions (surface mail). $44 97—one year only. US funds drawn on a US bank Foreign subecrtptione tWr mail). please inquire. In South Africa contact JO Micro, P.O Box 782915. Sandton. South Africa 2149 All subsenptton correepondanoa ahoutd be eddreseed lo I $0 Micro. Subscription Department. PO Box 991. Farrmngdale. NY 11717 or send us your business card. Please include your address label with any correepondence Postmaster Send addreas changes to et> Micro. Subscription Services. PO Box 991.

Farmmgdele. NY 1 1 737

Pickles & Trout * I Entire contents ^copyright 1984 by CW Communications/ P.O. Box 1206, Goleta, California 93116 Peterborough Inc. No part ot this publication may be reprint- ed, or reproduced by any means, without prior written permis- sion from the publisher. All programs are published lor per- (805) 685-4641 ^290 '80 | sonal use only. All rights reserved.

4 • 80 Micro, November 1984 November 1984 micro

On the Cover

44. Utili-keys Build stronger programs 12 ways. 45. Basic Plus by Robert Milazzo

Beefed-up Basic. (Model ITI: Load 80) 56. Basic Changes by Raymond Boggs Find and edit Basic lines. (Model 4; Load 80) 72. Hybrid Vigor by Theodore Diament Power and ease combined in a text editor. (Model III; Load 80)

80. Finding the Right Address by John Ratzlqff Map load module file addresses. (Model 4; Load 80)

86. Quit Stalling by Thomas P. Eggarter

Bypass garbage collection. (Models I. III. and 4; Load 80) 92. Tape Me, I'm Yours by Jay Walton Check source code saved to tape. (Model III; Load 80)

98. Screen Writer by Doug Miller

Create data input screens. (Models I and III; Load 80)

109. Easy Input by Roger A. Smith Jr.

Tidy up Basic input statements. (Models I and HI; Load 80)

125. Tape Transfer by J. L. Kissel Patch NEWDOS80 to load tape source files. (Model m: Load 80)

pen i j 128. Data Grabber by David Goben

Just point to what you want. (Models I and III)

134. From EDAS to EDTASM and Back by David M. Zevchak Disk file conversion. (Model III: Load 80)

138. Thou Shalt Not Kill by Josef Friedman

Rename library commands. (Models I and III)

Departments

6. Load 80 Directory 146. Project 80 8. Side Tracks by Roger C. Alford by Eric Maloney 152. BBS Express Schneider 12. Input by J. Stewart page 168 and Charles E. Bowen 14. Feedback Loop by Terry Kepner 158. Basic Takes by Richard Ramella 21. Pulse Train 162. Pascalculations edited by Bradford N. Dixon by Bruce Powel Douglass 29. Reader Exchange 167. Tidbit *13 32. Debug 167. Tidbit *14 35. Reviews Allwrite 168. The Next Step by Hardin Brothers DMP-1 10, DMP-120, DMPA20 Open Access 174. 2000 Plus Alcor C Compiler by John B. Harrell III Basrum 194. New Products Thirteen Ghosts edited by Robert Mitchell Programming in C for the 208. Ask Tandy Microcomputer User

fxiiyr .'.1

80 Micro, November 1984 • 5 PRODUCTION DIRECTOR Nancy Salmon System: Models 1 and HI. 16K RAM Cassette. ASSISTANT PRODUCTION 32K RAM Disk: Model 4 (Listings 1 and on- 3 MANAGER/MANUFACTURING ly). 64K RAM Susan Gross Language: Basic TYPESETTING MANAGER Eliminate "garbage collection" delays and Dennis Chrlstrnsen cut program execution time. FILM PRODUCTION MANAGER Load 80 gathers together se- Cassette filespec: B. C. D. E Robert M. Vllleneuve lected programs from this is- Disk filespec: GARBDEM1/BAS. GARBDEM2/ PHOTOGRAPHY MANAGER Nathaniel Haynes sue of 80 Micro and puts BAS. GARBDEM3/BAS. GARBDEM4/BAS them on a magnetic medium for your Tape Check convenience. It is available on tape or Article: Tape Me. I'm Yours (p. 92) disk, and runs on the Models I. HI. and 4. CREATIVE DIRECTOR System: Model m. 48K RAM Christine Destrempes If you own a tape system, load the Language: Assembly DESIGN MANAGER Load 80 tape as per the instructions pro- verifies Tape Check source code you record Joyce Pillarrlla vided. If you own a Model I or HI disk sys- from EDTASM to tape. DESIGNERS tem, boot the Load 80 disk and transfer Cassette filespec: TPECHK Beth Krommos the files to a TRSDOS system disk ac- Nicholas Diaz Create cording to simple on-screen directions. If Article: Screen Writer (p. 98) you own a Model 4, you must convert the System: Models I and m. 32K RAM VICE PRESIDENT/GENERAL programs from Model III TRSDOS to MANAGER Language: Disk Basic Debra Wetherbcc Model 4 disk using the Model 4 CONV VICE PRESIDENT/FINANCE Develop input screens for your Model I or HI. . Roger Murphy Cassette filespec: F If you have any questions about the ASSISTANT TO VP/GM Disk filespec: CREATE/BAS Matt Smith programs, call Keith Johnson at 603- ASSISTANT TO VP/FINANCE 924-9471. Yearly subscriptions to Load Formatter Dominique Smith 80 are $199.97 for disk, or $99.97 for Article: Easy Input (p. 109) DIRECTOR OF MARKETING AND SALES David cassette. Individual loaders are available System: Model m. 16K RAM Cassette. 32K Schissler DIRECTOR OF ADVERTISING on disk for $21.97 or on cassette for RAM Disk Stephen Twombly $11.47. including postage. Direct sub- Language: Assembly/Basic MARKETING MANAGER scription problems or orders for Load 80 A statement that lets you easily define the Pamela Esty DIRECTOR OF CIRCULATION to Lori Eaton, c/o 80 Micro, 80 Pine St. format for user input in Models I and m Basic William P. Howard Peterborough, NH 03458. programs. ASSISTANT CIRCULATION MANAGER Cassette filespec: INPUT. INPUTB. G Frank Smith Disk filespec: INPUT/SRC (source code). IN- DIRECT AND NEWSSTAND SALES MANAGER Glnnie Boudrieau Directory PUT/CMD (object code). DEMO/BAS. Source 1-800-343-0728 code requires Apparat editor/assembler DIRECTOR OF CREDIT. SALES. Basic Plus AND COLLECTION LMOFFSET William M. Boyer Article: Basic Plus (p. 44) Article: Tape Transfer (p. 125) DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC RELATIONS System: Model III. 16K James Leonard RAM System: Model HI Language: Cassette Basic/Assembly Language: Assembly PUBLISHER/PRESIDENT This Level II Basic enhancement features An LMOFFSET modification that loads Wavne Green faster operation and 14 new commands. NEWDOS80 EDTASM source files from tape to Cassette filespec: ONE. TWO disk. Finder Cassette filespec: LMPATC

Article: Basic Changes (p. 56.) Disk filespec: LMOFF/SRC (source code). Re- tO Micro IS a mambar ol lha CW Communlcations/lnc group. tha world's largasl puCHishar of computar -ralafad information. Tha group publishas M System: Model 4. 64K RAM quires Apparat editor/assembler. computar publications in 19 major countnas Nina million paopw raad ona or mora ol lha group's publications aacn month Mambars of lha group in- Language: Disk Basic/Assembly Converter cluda Argantina s CompurerworldlArgentina. Australia's Australia Camput- The Finder program locates specific strings, arworld Auttrallan Micro Compul* Magmilna, Auttrallan PC World and Article: From EDAS to EDTASM and Back (p. 134) Drracrorfa*. Bruit's OafaNaws and UKroMundo. China's China Computet- edits, moves, or replaces lines, and restores world. Danmart's CompurarwortdrVanmara and MlcroVorden. Finland's System: Model HI. 32K RAM Mrtro. Franca s la standa Inrormahous. Qo/tfan lAppM) and 0*C (IBM); Oar- most lines from programs accidentally erased many's Compularwocha. Mtcrocompurarwatl PC wall. Software Markt, CW Language: Assembly EdttionrSeminar Computet Buaineaa and Commotion Magatlne, Italy's from memory. Compulerworld Italia. Japan's Compulerworld Japan and Parto Com World: Load EDAS files with EDTASM. Maxico's ComoutarworldmlaMico and CompuMundo: Nathsrtands' CW Bene- Disk filespec: FINDER/SRC (requires EDAS ed- Cassette filespec: EDTEDS Ium and MicroJInlo. Norway's Compurarworld Norga and MlkroOala, Saudi itor/assembler). FTND/BAS. Arabia's Saudi Computerwotld. Singapore's Tha Asian Computerwotld, FND100/BAS. Spain's Disk filespec: EDTEDAS/CMD Computerworwtapena and WicroSisramas . Swadan's Computer Sweden. AfrtiroOaiom and Uln Hemdetor. tna UK's Computar Management Edltezt Message and Computar Business Europe, lha U S ' Compulerworld. HOT CoCo. inO dar InrokVorfd. It. MecWorid. MICRO MARKf rwOfU.0. Microcomputing. PC Article: Hybrid Vigor (p. 72) World. PC Jr World. Hun. Megeime and SO Micro Article: BBS Express (p. 152) n System: Model ID. 32K RAM System: Model HI. 48K RAM (requires 2 Language: Assembly drives) Probhuns with Subscriptions Sand a description of tha prob- The Editext text editor lets you enter and Language: Disk Basic lem and your current and/or most recent address to: 80 Micro, correct data before processing it Subscription Department, P.O. Box 981, Farmingdale, NY This month's installment creates message 11737. Cassette filespec: EDIT Problems with 80 Circulation Address correspondence and data-base files. Load to Lori Eaton. 80 Pine Peterborough, 03458. Disk filespec: EDIT/CMD (object code) St., NH Cassette filespec: H. I Probhuns with Advertisers Send a description of the problem Mapper Disk filespec. LIST1/BAS LIST2/BAS and your current address to: 80 Micro. Rl 101 & Elm Street. Peterborough, NH 03458, ATTN.: Rita B. Rivard, Customer Ser- Article: Finding the Right Address (p. 80) 3KEYS vice Manager. II urgent, call 1-800-4414403. System: Model 4. 64K RAM Chang* ol Address. Send old label or copy ol old address and Article: The Next Step (p. 168) new address to: 80 Micro, P.O. Box 961, Farmingdale. NY Language: Assembly System: Model 4. 64K RAM 11737. Please give eight weeks advance notice. An address mapping utility for the Model 4. Microfilm: This publication Is available In microform from Language: Assembly University Microfilms International. United States address: Disk filespec: MAD/CMD A function key filter program for the Model 4. 300 North Zeeb Road. Depl PR. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106. Foreign address: 18 Bedford Row, Dept. PR., London, WC1R4EJ, filespec: Garbage Demo Disk FILTER/SRC (object code). Re- England. Article. Quit Stalling (p. 86) quires EDAS editor/assembler. Dealers. Contact Glnnie Boudrieau, Retail Sales Manager, 80 Micro, Pine St.. Peterborough. NH 03458. (800) 3434728.

6 • 80 Micro, November 1984 ) PLUG IN TO SAVINGS WITH POWERSOFT

SPECIAL VALUES TO LIGHT UP YOUR CHRISTMAS! Great for gifts. Perfect for you. But order today! These one-time holiday prices expire December 31, 1984.

S49.9S so b3 Super Utility Plus 3.2— Mod 1/111/4(111) or Super Utility --4/4P ... J* is ij^rnx Now you can buy this two-year 1st Place Winner at Super Christmas savings! Its a must have program for disk in '83 80 Micro for Mod till version: for the Y hi X+t drives Give us a call for details Or see the 5 star review Oct. Iaj UM Model 4, see the Sept. '84 issue. Price includes complete manual, binder and MASTER disk. (Backup not included)

S29.95 T J!^PowerDRAW Graphic System -1/111/4(111) _ n ^ Add some seasonal variety with our fast and easy screen graphic generator. It can merge screens with your own programs. (See June '82 issue 80 Micro for review.)

BO $49 95 m powerOOT II HI-RESrii-Mta printerprimer graphics!gr The fitting gift for your bit-image printer— Epson, Prowriter, Tandy or Okidata 92 93. Y f pq (Please specify $99 9b bo PoweiMAIL Plus— l/lll. 11/12. or Model 4 $129 PowerMAIL Plus with TexlMerge— l/lll, 11/12. or Model 4 . 95 The most powerful, easy-to-use mail/data system you can buy! A Christmas bargain that even converts data from 7 other popular mailing systems, saving untold hours of re-entering. (Call to be sure we can convert you. (See May '84 80 Micro 4 sta r review.) ^' r| BO ST80 III Smart Terminal Program l/lll/4(lll| ^ —11/12 S99.95 This legend returns to the marketplace with many new features and enhancements at a new lower price ST80-III handles bauds up to 9600, auto-answer autodial, uses most popular modems, has upload download, and will configure for most host systems Contains X10-HOST (for calling and using system from afar), and PMS (a into computer. Many secure Personal Message System) so people can leave messages, etc . but not get your more features!

Model 4 ToolBelt Utilities $39.95 review This holiday special supports all versions of TRSDOS 6.x. including the new TRSDOS 6.2. (See the 4 star in May 84 00 Mcro.) M9 95 LDOS ToolBox Utilities . „ nii , . ... At this sale price, anyone can learn why Sept 83 80 Micros 4 star review says that these programs perfect this use of LOOS'' ___ 45 BACKREST 1.3 with RESTORE tor Hard Drives (LDOS or TRSDOS 6) S71 in about 15 If you spend lots of time doing backups, you'll love BACKREST. It can backup a five-meg drive minutes, including files larger than a floppy. Will work with other drives. $29 95 IMPAKT! lor BASIC lor TRSDOS 2 3, TRSDOS 1 3 or LDOS (Mod I or III) A time-saving, money-saving choice. IMPAKT features search replace, remove REMS (spaces, colons), com- press, decompress, renumber, join lines, move lines, copy lines, decode packed strings, rescue and much more! Programs run on unmodified BASIC. _____ Stocking Stutter Book Values Inside Super Utility Plus 3.0/3/2 For beginners and experts alike. $15.00 Super Utility Plus 3.2 Tech Manual For experts only $12.50 TRSDOS 6 Programmers Guide Required reading for Model 4 programmers. S1900

Remember, these special Christmas values are available through December 31, 1984 only. Orders at these sale prices cannot be accepted after that date. So call or mail in your order 3E today. (Be sure to specify computer and/or printer.) Shipping/handling: $3 (U.S. and Canada); $10 (for airmail service on foreign orders). For COD. or Blue Label, include an additional $3. Texas residents, add 6% sales tax. r____j VISA and MasterCard welcome.

Products from Breeze/QSD, Inc. 11500 Stemmons Freeway. Suite 125, Dallas, TX 75229, (214) 484-2976

• k- See List ol Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 7 SIDE TRACKS / by Eric Maloney Marketing Programs The Software Sell

Marketing software is, to put it and users will have a greater variety of bluntly, a pain in the south products to choose from. pole. Meanwhile, Tandy will increasingly "We'd love to get out of the soft- emphasize hardware development, ware business," said Tandy CEO which is undoubtedly their strength. John Roach at a recent lunch in Bos- With Tandy producing quality hard- ton. After all, he said, Radio Shack ware and support companies contrib- makes stereos and tape decks, but uting quality software, the TRS-80 leaves the record and tape business to line's appeal can only improve. others. Why shouldn't the same strat- Short Takes egy apply to their computers? Warning: The arrow keys on the I can understand why the people in Fort Worth are ambivalent about new Model 4 keyboard are arranged in lot marketing software. If I were in their a cluster. If you've got a of Model shoes, I'd feel the same way. That's III arcade games that use the arrow where they get most of their bad press keys, be prepared to either toss them and customer complaints. Take in the dumper or grow a couple of fin- CP/M Plus, for example. Radio gers in your palm .... Shack was excoriated by TRS-80 users Ex-subscribers to Tandy's TRS-80 These represent an abrupt about- will for delaying its release by six months, Microcomputing News be happy face in Tandy thinking. For the first then lambasted for the product's defi- to know that 80 Micro is picking up time, Tandy recognizes the fact that ciencies. Model III SuperScripsit re- that magazine's "Bugs, Errors, and other companies exist in the TRS-80 ceived similar treatment. Fixes" feature. The column will de- marketplace. Customer support makes software scribe problems with software pack- Some of these companies are skepti- retailing an even greater chore. With ages marketed by Tandy — cal. I've heard apocalyptic stories of its large catalog of packages, Tandy software developers who have submit- has doomed itself to an endless stream ted programs to Radio Shack for re- of angry phone calls and critical let- Wayne Green Reunion view, only to have their work languish ters. Users find hidden bugs. Disks forever in a dark drawer somewhere. The 25th anniversary of my start- crash. Computer novices don't under- Many I/III/4 manufacturers weren't ing 73 Magazine is coming up in a stand how programs work. Software invited to the Tandy shows. Others few months, so it seems like a good turns out to be incompatible with cer- complain that Tandy won't provide time to throw a small party for tain hardware configurations. Proof- them with new computers before of- Wayne Green alumni. This year's readers miss errors in documentation. ficial release, thus delaying software meeting is on Nov. 15 at Comdex in It all adds up to a monumental test of development. Las Vegas. If you've worked for me Tandy's resources and good will. The people at Tandy are, apparent- during the last 33 years, get in . If recent developments are any indi- I'm having ly, still very selective about the compa- some special coffee cation, Roach may get his way. Con- nies they choose to support, and mugs, with the logos of all our maga- sider the following: sometimes give support that is barely zines, made as souvenirs. Who • Tandy has gone exclusively to third- knows I spring for T-shirts adequate. This is a big mistake. The — may party developers for its Model 2000 slumping TRS-80 market will only be next year. software. stimulated if all companies, no matter I want every Wayne Green alum- has begun to sell third-party • Tandy how large they are or what types of nus to be there, whether from Wayne software with the original manufac- products they make, are encouraged Green Inc., Wayne Green Enterpris- turers' own packaging. and nurtured. es, or before. As far as I know, with • Tandy is now selling third-party Nevertheless, the signs are that Tan- the exception of two people who be-

products through its Express Order dy is moving in the right direction. trayed me, one of whom is dead and service, including some that compete And while changes in Tandy's soft- the other completely disappeared with packages Tandy sells under its ware retailing habits may be motived from the publishing and computer own name. primarily by self-interest, the results scene, every alumnus is still a darned • Tandy sponsored five shows in Sep- can only be beneficial to manufactur- good friend. tember and October that featured oth- ers and users. Third-party developers — Wayne Green er vendors' software. will have more access to the market,

8 • 80 Micro, November 1984 ^DUTL Ppetopian liOffiBHRBIHn ceLCSc Playbill NcstaljDla encesip tirajan [i.fltlR G/U]f f tall M^j^llf^Jsia I irn nn rOilCTOJ AIH. .^ fi! Pump ^idMr ROMAN busks nnn^ @ini §ubes Small Boldface Chancery Medium /Bj(E^/L](L Small Bold Italics

' ' WWW% IpBlsisp^ ! I Rl i-X-^r^s-

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the Models I and III. These disks cost less than S25 each, DOTWRITER What is DOTWRITER? and may be pur- (Models I, ni) $79.95 DOTWRITER uses the "bit-im- chased at any time. DOTWRITER (Model 4) 99.95 age graphics" of your printer to If you want to create your own Letterset Design System 39.95 produce the kinds of stunning re- logos, modify our typefaces, or even Special: DOTWRITER sults shown inside the box. It is a design entirely new typefaces, then and LDS 99.95 so order the "Letter- full-function text printing program, you will also want to Additional Letterset different character System'' (LDS). We offer LDS you can inter-mix set Design disks (4-12 per disk) sets, do centering, paragraphs, pagi- at half-price when you order it along 17.95 and 24.95 nation, magnification, draw horizon- with DOTWRITER. LDS operates in Letterset Reference tal and vertical lines, reversals (white Model III mode on the Model 4. Catalog 10.00 on black), and even print right-justi- Versions are available for Epson MX 80 fied proportional text. with Graftrax. MX-100 with Graftrax-Plus. DOTWRITER includes the printing RX 80. FX-80, C. ITOH 8510'1550. Microline ORDER NOW, TOLL-FREE complete documentation, 84/92/93; Radio Shack's DMP series 200- program, (800) 824-7888, oper. 422 2100. & Gemini 10X. 15X. Please and fourteen useful sets of typefaces CGP-220 specify printer and computer! (60 to 90 characters in each set). We will Our print samples were done on an Ep- also give you the 105-page Letterset son. Sizes vary on other printers. Some of PRO • 91 your Reference Catalog free with here are taken from the the samples shown Dept C. Box 560, No. Hollywood, CA 91603 order. disks additional Letterset (8181 764 3131 Information and Same Day Processing To use DOTWRITER, just write your Two disk drives and at least 48K of mem- MC. checks. COD Please add S3 00 shipping text with any popular TRS-80 Word ory are required. LDS is not available in ada S15 00 overseas, sales tax >n Ca Processor, add the necessary format- native Model 4 mode. .

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CP/M Plus from computer to computer. The only two files missing are CHARIO.ASN John Harrell, in his review of (the character device driver) and the CP/M Plus (August 1984, p. 31), disk input/output modules. The writes that the program is bug-free. source code, under most circum- Yet, when you redefine the three func- stances, isn't included with the system. tion keys with the Setup utility and try If you're familiar with the disk pa- to make the changes permanent, the rameter header, the disk parameter boot track is wiped out. block, and the skew table, you don't Leigh L. Klotz need these routines. Simply modify McComb, MS these parameters to reconfigure your disk formats.

Mr. Harrell is much too optimistic The type-ahead function works on in his review of CP/M Plus. In theory, the principle ofscanning the keyboard CP/M Plus does allow access to a once during each clock interrupt and greater variety of software, yet its un- storing the character found. It's im- perative to disable the clock interrupts usual disk format negates any such ad- In addition, this operating system while reading the disk so that the oper- vantage. Further complicating the provides less TPA, even in its banked ating system won't lose data bytes. CP/M Plus issue is the lack of multi- version, than CP/M 2.2. This is frus- To get the most from CP/M Plus, ple-format utilities available. trating when you consider that CP/M you'll need Montezuma Micro's Another serious defect lies in the Plus addresses an additional 64K of fact that the the most impor- CP/M 2.2. The INTERCHG utility BIOS, RAM and it takes three times as long reads, writes, and formats the Radio tant source code in any CP/M system, to boot up as CP/M 2.2. In essence, Shack supplied Shack CP/M Plus disk with ease. is absent. Had Radio CP/M doesn't work as it should. this code, the nonstandard disk for- Tandy's release of the 700 upgrade Jerry Wagers mat problem wouldn't be so impor- should correct the bugs noted by many Ft. Lewis, WA tant. To make matters worse, the only CP/M Plus users. usable source code file on the disk is John B. Harrell III one configured for a different ma- Harrell Responds Washington, DC chine! After some additional research, I David Goodwin agree that CP/M Plus deserves a Pittsburgh, NY WIBASIC much lower rating in the "bug-free" category. And there's a serious defi- While Ronald Cangro's review of John Harrell's review of CP/M ciency in the Setup utility which de- WIBASIC (July 1984, p. 186) is, for

Plus is misleading. In fact, because of stroys the boot track on a system disk the most part accurate, his using

CP/M Plus's many bugs, I seriously using the unbanked version of the ZBASIC's advertised benchmark re- doubt the value of this operating BIOS. I used only the banked version, sults is ill-advised. Advertisements op-

system. and don 't consider the unbanked ver- timize a product's features, so it would CP/M Plus increments all dates en- sion a viable option for anyone. have been more instructive to use pro-

tered by 1; for example, if you enter The incorrect date is caused by grams unconnected with either com- the date as April 14, the system carries poorly written code. It's supposed to pany. the date as April 15. Because of this er- be incremented whenever the system In addition, some of Cangro's ror, the Date function is useless. clock counts through 00:00:00. Unfor- statements about ZBASIC are inaccu- Also, BIOS permits only haphazard tunately, the boot code interrupts pri- rate. Contrary to what's stated in the functioning of the Caps key, while the or to storing the time and allows the review, ZBASIC doesn't include an type-ahead buffer can handle only one date to be incremented. You can re- interpreter; rather, it uses the resident character. Other problems include the peat the command by typing in DA TE Disk Basic interpreter. keyboard scanner, which is too slow, MM/DD/YY 00:00:00 at the CP/M Also, the review cites WIBASICs and the Dump utility, which doesn't Ready prompt. incompatibility with Basic, while give ASCII listings along with the hex- What is supplied on the disk are ZBASIC's compatibility is listed as adecimal listings. those files that need not be changed "limited." WIBASIC wasn't designed

12 • 80 Micro, November 1984 INPUT to be directly compatible, yet we've review would not give them any useful information on NICE. found that it's far easier to port to NICE's primary function WIBASIC than to ZBASIC. While Eugene Schyklar Simutek's product supports more is to provide President Basic key words than WIBASIC, the a powerful environment XYZT Computer Dimensions Inc. key words don't perform the same functions as they do in conventional the user can that More From Montezuma Basic. This, I feel, exaggerates ZBA- easily customize. SIC's compatibility with Basic. In the August 1984 Input column Lou Witt (p. 12), Michael Vournazos expresses dissatisfaction with Montezuma Mi- WittSoft Corporation Orlando, cro's version of CP/M for not keeping FL cal details and problems mentioned track of line feeds sent to the printer. are inaccurate. For example, the PF This problem existed with older Ra- keys do work correctly, in DOS func- dio Shack printers that used nonstan- NICE Response tions the sign isn't converted to am- @ dard codes. Radio Shack has since NICE, the New Interactive Com- persand, and the data base does allow standardized its codes, alleviating the Environment, first re- full search capability. puting was problem Vournazos described. leased in 1983. Since then, NICE has In general, however, the technical John Lancione been upgraded several times. The sec- features and capabilities were not cov- President, Montezuma Micro ond release featured a VisiCalc inter- ered at all. There was nothing said Dallas, TX face, an enhanced data base, and about screens and programmable screen management. The third release, function keys, new techniques for currently in production, provides win- menus, scrolling, the inquiry facility, Basic Understanding dow capabilities, concatenated keys in or the uniqueness of the data base. I've just finished reading and work- data base, a sophisticated search facil- And nothing was said about the ICPL ing through Richard Ramella's Basic ity, and many other features. language. Takes. The program listings are ex- The review in the October 1984 is- We agree that the manual could be plained in full detail and are easy to sue of 80 Micro 39) is either for better. It should be better. We are cur- (p. understand. the first release, or some strange com- rently working on a new version that I'm looking forward to increasing bination of the first and second. For incorporates recommendations from my understanding of Basic with the example, the described PF key opera- our users. help of Basic Takes. tion is definitely for the original Earlier versions of NICE did lack a Ralph Turner NICE, which did not support the number of features. The data base was H. Oberiin, Model 4, while the instructions for the not as sophisticated as it is now, OH PF keys mentioned in the review be- screens did not have scrolling or win- long to the second release. dowing, and the inquiry facility was 7-Up The current release does support the limited. But we do support our clients. The artist for your August 1984 Model 4 control key, as well as the When they have problems, we try to cover goofed. Dice are always arranged three function keys, although the re- solve them (if possible) and they al- so that the opposite sides add up to view states otherwise. This discrepan- ways have a couple of numbers to call seven. His dice add up to seven on ad- cy could be the result of the substantial for help. jacent sides. time that passed since NICE was sent However, the entire attitude was to to 80 Micro for review (about one show the system as absolutely unus- /. Bradley Flippin year). able. Some of the comments were mis- Arlington, VA The reviewer complains that leading: "(NICE is) presented as being NICE'S data-base files are small and easy to customize" (and not a word We know a guy who tells strangers inside-out. useless, the tutorial is very limited, and whether it is or is not); the inquiry when his socks are Must be the help screens are insufficient. What menu "allows retrieval only. ..in an a buddy ofyours. —Eds.

he failed to understand is that NICE is abbreviated form" (isn't this what the a collection of samples, demonstrating word inquiry means, a quick look at Death of CLOAD different techniques and presenting something?); that, compared to Lotus I regret to inform the TRS-80 world ideas as to what you can do with it. or T/Maker, "NICE falls far short" in general, and former subscribers of NICE'S primary function is to pro- (Lotus is an integrated spreadsheet, CLOAD magazine specifically, that vide a powerful environment that the NICE is an integrated environment). CLOAD is now defunct. user can easily customize for his needs. We are not familiar with T/Maker, CLOAD and its assets are now in It provides a set of building blocks to but according to what was mentioned, the hands of the courts. Again, I'm build applications: menus, screens, it, too, is probably an integrated sorry, and thanks to all of you for six data-base files, reports, forms, and a spreadsheet, and also is in a different years of fellowship. high-level development language category from NICE. TRS-80 (ICPL). Many TRS-80 users are technically Dave Lagerquist Since the review was done for an old capable and creative people who can Editor, CLOAD Magazine version of NICE, many of the techni- use the full power of the system. This Santa Barbara, CA

80 Micro, November 1984 • 13 FEEDBACK LOOP / by Terry Kepner

Send any questions or problems develop our own? (R. Dornick, U.S. dealing with any area of TRS-80 mi- Navy, Port Hueneme, CA) crocomputing Feedback Loop, 80 to Aal don't know of a supplier; can Micro, 80 Pine St., Peterborough, NH anyone help? 03458.

B B.L. of Deerfield, IL (October QbI have a Model I with two Q 1983, p. 333) wanted to use MPI-2 double-headed drives, braces to embed typesetting codes with LNW doubler, DOSPLUS 3.5, and Scripsit. Volume 10 of the Encyclope- Gold-Plug 80s. I live in the middle of dia/or the TRS-80 gives a formula for Manhattan on the eighth floor of an braces in Scripsit. In the lowercase older building. My computer usually mode, you press the Y and I keys si- functions well, but at certain hours it multaneously and then press the K key just goes crazy (reboots, etc.). This to get the left brace; y-i-m gives you seems to happen when traffic is the right brace. backed up on the street below. The on- Now for my question; when is the ly engineer I know says it's a power tine uses a buffer limit of 240 charac- proposed book of patches to Scripsit line problem. Is this curable? Will ters), and the line terminator, a zero going to be released? (John Barach, I have the same problem with an- byte (a carriage return, decimal 13, Sexsmith, Alberta) other computer? (Joel Reed, New hex 0D, if the file is stored on disk in York, NY) ASCII format). a "Character Cache" in the Second, the line of Basic code isn't A April 1984 80 Micro (p. 118) I Sounds like a power problem converted to machine language. In- provides three-letter combinations for to me, too. If so, an uninter- A eight characters. stead, Basic scans the line for a Basic braces and other ruptible power source (UPS) would code token, which indicates the loca- "Scripsit Extras" in the August 1984 definitely solve the problem, as it tion within a table of the ad- issue (p. 68) lists patches for 11 extra would supply any additional power ROM dress of a corresponding ROM rou- characters, including braces. 80 Micro needed when the line supply drops be- tine. The program branches to that is no longer planning to publish a low a predetermined level. Power book of Scripsit patches. ROM routine and executes it. Basic surge and voltage spike protection then returns to the line and continues would also be called for in this case. scanning for tokens until it reaches the Unfortunately, most UPS units cost end of the line. (Richard Wiley, anywhere from $300 to several thou- Honolulu, HI) Qa I have a Model I with a Micro sand dollars. Design 2 System Interface ex- Another computer might have the A poor choice of words on my a pansion board and a Radio Shack part the lines aren't convert- same problem, but it depends a great A — doubler. MULTIDOS is the only dou- deal on the power supply of the sys- ed, but interpreted as a guide to which ble-density DOS I can get to work. for giv- tem, and how tolerant it is of power ROM routines to use. Thanks I've tried TRSDOS 2.7DD, NEW- line fluctuations. ing us a better description. DOS80 2.0, and DOSPLUS. Each failed to boot up, giving disk error messages instead. MULTIDOS works Naval 70 fine, but I'm curious about why I'm Qa I noticed a couple of inaccura- QjOur Base has about having trouble with the others. Any cies about Basic in the Febru- TRS-80s with C.ltoh Prowrit- ideas or fixes? (M.D. Hall, Montgom- ary Feedback L^op (p. 22). First, the er 8570 A and Starwriter F10 printers. ery, AL) format of an in-memory line of Basic We've located a firm that sells

code is: a 2-byte pointer to the next SuperScripsit drivers for these print- a I'm sure Vernon Hestor line, a 2-byte hexadecimal (hex) repre- ers, but we've been unable to find sim- A (MULTIDOS's author) is glad sentation of the ASCII line number, ilar drivers for our Business Graphics his DOS works with your system, but I the Basic code (which can be up to 255 Analysis Pak software. Any ideas can't tell from your letter why the oth- bytes long, although Basic's input rou- about where we can buy drivers or ers don't work as well. Anybody else?

14 • 80 Micro, November 1984 )

Newclock-80 $69.95 The right time atthe right price! Keep the time and date with quartz accuracy, even when your computer is off. The backup lithium battery (included) will last for over 2 years. Software on tape or disk, please specify. Use "TIMESET" once to set the clock. Use "SETCLK" to set your computer's internal clock (at power up) or use "TSTRING" so that the "TIMES" function reads the Newclock. y\ODi into the or expansion interface. Model III plugs into the Connection Model I plugs keyboard ON E/l 50-pin I/O bus Comoatible with all operating systems

Printswitch $59.00 Do you have 2 printers? Get a Printswitch. Stop plugging and unplugging those printer cables. With the Printswitch. you can have 2 printers connected to your computer and you can select either one at the flick of a switch Works with any printer, plotter, or device that uses the oarallel printer port. Simply plug the 14 inch Printswitch cable into your computer, and plug your existing printer market Superior quality cables into the Printswitch. This is the nicest unit on the

Alpha Joystick $27.95 When it's time for fun, don't be without your Alpha Joystick. Do you know your that most action games are Joystick compatible? Stop pounding on 1 keyboard and enjoy real arcade control. The joystick can also be used with the joystick position 18 directions BASIC orograms; simply do J= I NP(0) to read KlZ interface. Model III, and fire button). Model I: plugs into keyboard or exoansion 4 and 4P: plugs into 50-pin I/O bus. The Alpha Joystick comes fully assembled III 4). and tested, ready to plug in and enioy. (Specify Model I. or Model

lnterfacer-80 $159.00 Low cost input and output device. The outputs consist of 8 relays (rated 2 Amp @1 25V). easily controlled using "OUT" commands, ^or example, OUT 0.0 turns all the relays off. Eight LED's show the states of the relays. The 8 inputs are optically isolated, so it's safe and easv to connect external devices (switches, sensors, thermostats, etc.). Simple "INP" commands read the inputs i$39 plugs Connection Mod l:40pinbus Mod III. 4 4P: requires 50-pm I/O bus convener 95) manual into 50-oin I/O bus Comes complete with power supply, cable and detailed (Up to 8 mterfacers can be connected to vour TRS 80 using our Y- cables^ Analog-80 $139.00 8 channel 8 bit Analog to Digital converter. Your TRS 80 can read voltages temperatures, pressures, light levels, etc. • Input range: to 5.1 Volts. • Resolution: 20mV. • Conversion time: 1 20 microseconds. In BASIC, you can takeupto 100 readings per second. • Portaddress: selectable. Upto8 Analog- 80's can be connected to your TRS-80 for a total of 64 channels! III requires 50-pin bus adapter iS39 95) Connection: Model I: 40 pin I/O bus Model 4 4P: Comes complete with power supply, cable and manual

Special Cables Disk drive extender cable (8")...C160:$g.95 Y-CableforModlbus(40pin): •X2-40..S29 »X3-40 $44 »X4...$59 •X5.S74 Y-Cable for Mod 3 & 4 bus (50-pin): • X2-50...S34 •X3-50..S49 •X4-50.S64 l& Disk drive cable (34 pin): •2-dhve...Cl62:S32 •4-drive C1 63:545 Extension cable. 4 foot: • For printer and drive (34-pin)...C165:$22 67:524 • For 3& 4 bus (50-pin) C169:$28 • For Mod I bus (40-pm)...C1 Mod c iyer. Keyboard to E/l (40-pin, 8").- C161:$21 If this is confusing send for our Cable Our cables are made with high quality gold plated connectors to ensure utmost reliability XS X4 X3 X2 NO RISK Green Screen $1 2.50 sometimes We know that ordering by mail can Do youreyesa favor, put on a green THE be a hassle, but with Alpha, you are fully screen. Tensofthousandsareinuse protected. guarantee protects for a good reason: they work Con- 1 Our 1 5 day money back GREEN you from disapointment trast is enhanced and eye fatigue is and 2) All our products are tested on a TRS-80 greatly reduced. Ourgreen screen is SCREEN waranteed to 90 days (parts & labor) curved: it fits right on the face of the 3) We ship 90% of our orders within 24 hours tube (Rts Models I.II.III.4 12,16) 4) We are committed to help you

Toll Free Order Line Add S3 00 Pet Order For Shipping And Handling We Accept Visa 800-221-0916 Mastercard Chechs MO COD. Orders Only NY & into call Add Sales Tax Overseas PPO ALPHA 70%.Dea/er jm (212) 296-5916. APO: Add Discounts 79-04 Jamaica Ave. Woodhaven, NY 11421 *\1 (212) 296-5916 Hours 9-5 Eastern Standard Time Available COD aao $3 00 en* a. FEEDBACK LOOP

Qgl own a 48K dual-disk drive seen on the market with built-in re- good sort in Basic I? (Howard Model III, and I use Scripsit corders. (Gordon Kane, Southfield, Feldman, Three Bridges, NJ)

quite a bit. I recently purchased a MI) I'm afraid you're right—Mod- Holmes Engineering VID-80 128K AH The problem is that the out- Bel 4 Basic has no built-in sort CP/M modification board mostly AH — put of the Model 100 is de- routine. But there's hope. The July for its 80-character by 24-line screen signed to plug into the AUX input of a 1980 issue of Tandy's TRS-80 Micro- However, Scripsit won't load. format. cassette recorder, not the MIC input. computer News has a machine-lan- Also, I find most of the commands us- The microphone input is much more guage sort routine that works on the ing the break key as the control key sensitive, so the Model 100 overloads Models I, II, III, and 4, using the work (reverse video, for one). don't the recorder's circuitry, distorting the VARPTR routine. It's very fast, on The manual says to contact Holmes by signal to the point that the Model 100 the order of a second or so for 300 rec- letter, not by phone. I've written two can't read it when you try to reload the ords. The only problem is that the sort letters asking for help and I haven't re- data. is restricted to single-dimensioned ar- ceived an answer yet. Do you know of Also, you need a motor remote- rays. The November 1981 issue of the any patches to make Scripsit work control jack on the recorder; other- same publication has an updated rou- Riv- with the VID-80? (Charles Donsi, wise, you'll have problems reloading tine that you can use with multi-di- iera, AZ) the files (the computer turns off the mensioned arrays. m Unfortunately, the VID-80 cassette player after each block of data You can buy back issues from your volumes A board won't work with Scrip- so it can position and code the data). local Radio Shack as bound sit or any program that directly ad- Unfortunately, microsettes with an for $4.95 for 1980 (catalog number dresses the Model III video memory AUX jack don't have a motor control 26-2115) or $9.95 for 1981 (catalog rather than using the device control jack and vice versa. number 26-2240). Hope this helps. blocks (DCBs) that point to the video You need to construct a patch cord driver routines. When you boot up between the computer and the micro- your system, the VID-80 board copies sette' s MIC input that reduces the Q|I own an LNW80-2 computer the Model III ROMs to its on-board Model loo's output to a level compati- with two 5 Va -inch double-sided RAM and modifies the video routines. ble with the recorder. To do so, get a disk drives, one 5V* -inch single-sided So any program that directly addresses mini-jack (input) and a mini-plug flippy drive, and an 8-inch single-sided the Model III video memory bypasses (output) connector. You'll also need a double-density drive. Using NEW- the changed code that the VID-80 /»-watt 3.3k resistor, a .01 microfarad DOS80, CP/M, and my Power pro- resistor. board uses and goes to the wrong capacitor, and a 100-ohm gram, I can read almost any disk. But memory locations. Solder the 3.3k resistor and the capaci- being able to read a disk doesn't neces- 24-line display tor in series to the center pins of the The 80-character by a sarily mean I can understand it, and is restricted to the CP/M operating two connectors. Next, solder the I'm stumped. system, to Basic programs that don't resistor from the center pin 100-ohm I just inherited a Digital Research use POKEs to put data on the video, to the outside pin of one of the con- word processing system on 8-inch solder the outside pin and machine-language programs that nectors, then disks. The program is about 10 years I together. honor the Model III DCBs. don't connectors old, and is on a 77-track, 36-sectors- know of any patches to Scripsit to This signal attenuator should re- per-track, 128-bytes-per-sector disk. make it work with the VID-80 board. duce the AUX level of your 100 to the This much I've figured out, but read- I, too, have been having difficulty MIC level of the microsette. If the at- ing the disk with my Power program signal communicating with Holmes. I'd sug- tenuator reduces the too much, gives me nothing that's intelligible. Do gest calling them and talking with a lower the value of the 100-ohm resis- you know of a conversion program? technician. But be forewarned—the tor. 100 ohms seems to work well with (R.W. Torell, Riviera, AZ) technicians are busy, so you might not Olympus recorders, while Sonys re- First you need to know what be able to get through to one on your quire an 11-ohm resistor. If you're A operating system the word first call. really good with electronics tools, you processor uses. If it's 10 years old, it could assemble the three components certainly isn't CP/M, which wasn't re- in your Model 100's cassette DIN leased until about 1976, or NEWDOS- plug, but then you couldn't use that a l use a 16K Model 100 on 80, released even later. My advice is cord with standard-sized tape record- Q business trips as a portable that you contact Digital Research and ers in their AUX jack. typewriter to record notes for trans- ask for information about the pro- mission to my office. I tried using my gram. Can anyone help? high-quality microsette recorder, an Aiwa TP-M7, to save a text that's too Qal'm having trouble converting long to fit into memory. However, the programs from the Model III I two 40- transfer back and forth doesn't work to the Model 4. I have a number of Qa I have a Model with reliably. Is there a way to modify the programs that use CMD"0" to ini- track drives. Do you know of recorder for use as a data-storage de- tiate a high-speed sort. This logic ap- any patches to convert MULTIDOS, vice? A Model 100/microsette combi- parently doesn't exist in the Model 4. DOSPLUS 3.5, and TRSDOS 2.8DD nation would be the perfect answer to Is there a commercial program I can from 35-/40-track to 80-track sys- some of the more expensive units I've call from Basic on the Model 4, or a tems? I tried the Model III patches

16 • 80 Micro, November 1984 GIVE YOURCOMPUTER A VOIC As well as a Mind vs-100 VOICE SYNTHESIZER FOR RADIO SHACK MODELS

I, III, 4P and Color Computer

Introducing the "No Compromise" Voice Synthesizer at a price that speaks for itself! Price includes synthesizer, module power supply, 40 page manual editing and demo software.

Call our "NEW" Demo Hot-Line Text to Speech software: W212 2960399 • Talker 1.4 $19 95 • Talker 2.0 $29 95 And hear it for yourself!

An Impressive List of Features:

1 Unlimited vocabulary Price breakthrough same performance as units costing Automatic inflection. hundreds of dollars of Proven VOTRAX technology I Voice editor will help you create unlimited number words. sound effects, etc We use the famous VOTRAX SC01 phoneme synthesizer in 4 programable pitch level I Hundreds of applications— now cost effective education. robotics, speech therapy, monitoring, games, aid to Built in audio amplifier with volume control handicapped, security, prompting You can add voice to any program in minutes

I Fully assembled and tested Super efficient: one single line in Basic will produce a full

I Ready to plug in and talk. sentence 1

I Plugs into 50 pin I/O bus on Model 3 Works with any speaker (or add S5.95 for handsome protects speaker module) I As usual our 15-day money back guarantee you

Text to Speech Software for the VS-100

TALKER 1.4 TALKER 2.0 v/ Unlimited vocabulary translation of v/ Same features as TALKER 1.4 plus: English text to speech >/ Automatic keyboard option v/ Very easy to use: In BASIC simply type PRINT~'I talk" \S Automatic video display echo option S Reads numbers up to 999 trillion V Punctuation pronunciation if desired v' Reads many abbreviations correctly V' And many control codes for increased versatility (such as Mrs., Mr., lb., Co., etc.) V' Self relocatable program is only 6V«K long

>/ Very fast machine language program is only 4.5K long V New BASIC command: PRINT! prints and talks. >/ Loads in high memory $29.95. On disk only Only $1 9.95. Specify disk or tape

Toll Free Order Line Add S3.00Pe' Order For Shipping And Handling We Accept Visa 800-221-0916 Mastercard, Checks. MO COD. Orders Only. NY & Into call Add Sales Tax Overseas. FPO ^mlhmSm APO: Add 10°*> Dealer Discounts Ml ALPHA (212) 296-5916. artfl $3 00 extra 79-04 Jamaica Ave, Woodhaven. NY 11421 +* (212) 296-5916 Hours 9-5 Eastern Standard Time Available COD : 1

FEEDBACK LOOP

and they didn't seem to work. (Albert errors; the printer stops in the middle Landgrebe, Beltsville, MD) Line 140 Delete one GOSOB 14 of a job and the computer reports Line 9010 Change !W3-W2*WY-W*i to Because of hardware differ- iW3-W2:WY-W2: spurious "printer out of paper" or AH Line 9011 Change :W3"W3«W2i*W2: to ences between the Models I :H3-W3*W2*W2: "printer not on line" messages. We've Line 9031 Change iIFYOWl THEN 9031 and III, patches to used the same equipment in different to the DOSes of one :irWYOWlTHEN 9031 Line 904 2 Change :WA«WA-W3/I won't work on the other. I recall, — 1 to configurations without problems. As sWA-WA-W3/IiI— MULTIDOS will format an 80-track Line 9050 Change W4-.5:I-3s to We found no problem with the W4-.5:W5-W4iI-3i hardware, disk (if you have an 80-track drive) Line 9051 Change :W4*I/(I+1) : to and the people at Fort :W5-W5*I/(I+1) and then let you use the Backup com- Worth's Operating System and Lan- guage section mand to move the DOS to the new Program Listing. Corrections to double- Support say they don't disk. You can format an 80-track disk precision routines. think it's software. How can we cor- with DOSPLUS 3.5, but you can't use rect the problem? (Richard Levesaue, Backup to move the DOS—Backup Fall River, MA) reformats the disk to match the source alt's possible that the Qume disk. Contact the DOSPLUS people the Model I, III, or 4 version, with $10 A puts an unusual load on the for details on exchanging disks or buy- airmail handling charge for foreign printer port, which normally isn't ing an 80-track version. shipping. Make sure you order the used. Similarly, the hard disk could be To the best of my knowledge, no Model III version. putting an unusual load on the com- one has yet developed or released puter expansion port. With both pieces patches for operating TRSDOS of equipment operating, this could cre- 2.8DD on 80-track drives. If you just ate a conflict that could result in the Q>You printed a letter from me want 80-track support, you don't have problems you're having. (July 1984, p. 16) stating that I to change the DOSes; use the CON- I ran into a similar problem with a couldn't load Adventure Internation- FIG or SYSGEN commands to define Datasouth printer on a Model II. It drive al's Sea Dragon on a Model 4 and that a as 80-track (see your manuals). worked fine for several weeks, then it Copycat 2.0 didn't correct the prob- However, 80-track disks won't do would malfunction. Switching it to lem for me. you much good if you have 40-track another Model II solved the problem Since sending the letter, I have drives. The drives step out only as far for a few weeks, then it would happen solved the problem. It wasn't that as they're designed to, then stop. again. Unfortunately, there isn't a Copycat won't duplicate Sea Dragon; nice, pat solution. The cause could be it definitely does. Rather, the game anything from a slightly marginal disk itself was somehow flawed. (Jim transistor in the printer, computer, or Basile, Cliffside Park, NJ) Qal'd like some help transferring hard disk to an incipient circuit board Basic programs from a Model AHThanks for the progress re- failure triggered by the particular III (single-sided double-density disk port, but your Model I Sea hardware configuration. At times, isn't flawed; it wasn't drive) to a Model I (single-sided single- Dragon de- I've felt you could blame problems density). As you know, Model III TRS- signed to operate on a Model III or like these on the side of the bed you DOS lets you convert a program from Model 4. The Model III version does slept on or the color of your hair. Model I format to Model III, but I work on the Model 4 in Model III want mode, as I said in the July column. to go the opposite way. Terry Kepner is a freelance writer I tried using a cassette tape at the and programmer. He's been writing low baud rate, but the best I can get is about microcomputers since 1979. a 50 percent success rate. The time Ql Here's a list of corrections (see spent debugging makes this unwork- the Program Listing) to Jim Frequently Needed Numbers able. I've been told that alternate op- King's double-precision routines, pub- Radio Shack National Parts Di- erating systems such as DOSPLUS lished in the March 1984 Feedback vision, 900 E. Northside Drive, and NEWDOS have utilities that Loop (p. 16); lines 9030-9051 appear Fort Worth, TX 76102, 817-870- make the conversion, but I'd prefer in the July 1984 Reader Exchange (p. 5662. M/C and Visa accepted; each not to buy a new DOS. (John MdJbon, 36). (Harry Hawkins, Burton, SC) order has $1.50 handling charge. Swan Marsh, Vic., Australia) IJG Inc., 1953 W. 11th St., Up- I a What you need is Super Util- land, CA 91786, 714-946-5805. l Thanks for the corrections. A ity Plus; it'll let you transfer a Publisher of TRS-80 Disk and Oth- program from any DOS format to any er Mysteries ($22.50), other DOS format. The only restric- Basic Decoded and Other Mysteries tions are hardware (i.e., it can't copy a QpjOur chemical manufacturing ($29.95), 77k? Custom TRS-80 and double-density disk if your hardware operation uses a variety of Ra- Other Mysteries ($29.95), Machine- is all single-density) and CP/M, which dio Shack computers and peripherals. language Disk I/O and Other Mys- has formats. performs Recently, too many SU + we happened to combine a teries (Model I) ($29.95), How to a host of other functions; it's sold by Sprint Qume 5 daisy-wheel printer do it on the TRS-80 ($29.95), and Powersoft Products, 1 1500 Stemmons with a Model II and a hard disk run- the Electric Pencil Word Processor Freeway, Suite 125, Dallas, TX 75229, ning under TRSDOS 4.2.6. We're get- ($89.95). 214484-2976. It retails for $79.95 for ting intermittent printer interruption

18 • 80 Micro, November 1984 .

Welcome to the second issue of In Touch. common This month, let's answer some jm\n Touch questions about the VS-100 voice synthe- sizer. The Alpha Newsletter

I Do I need an amplifier? I How good is the voice? No, the amplifier with volume control is built We think it's incredible for the price, but you is small can judge for yourself by calling our 24 hour into the VS-100. All you need a our mini- Demo Line: (212) 296-0399. speaker; we recommend handsome speaker ($5.95).

I does it take to make my BASIC programs What I Which port does it use? talk? All communication between the computer 2.0, With TALKER 1.4, it's simple. With TALKER and the VS-1 00 is done using port 1 1 it's incredibly easy. If you add an asterisk after the PRINT now speaks, a"PRINT" command, I purchase the user manual alone? I Can will speak, not (e.g. PRINT* "Hello Judy" Yes, it is available for $5 plus $1 shipping and print). If you add an exclamation point handling. (The $5 is applicable towards instead of an asterisk, the PRINT command purchase of the VS-100). will print as usual, and in addition, it will speak! To add speech to your favorite BASIC say? I How many words can the VS-100 "*" "!" program simply sprinkle a few and There are two ways to make speech synthe- Could it be any where you want speech. sizers. One is to use a limited look-up dict- easier? ionary. The VS-1 00, on the other hand, uses a much more powerful approach: the "text to lis it compatible with my DOS? speech" automatic translator. This means The software and hardware do not rely on any thatany word will be pronounced. The text to DOS feature, therefore the VS-100 system speech translator, with its 400 pronunciation works with any Model I or III DOS. rules, achieves a 96% success rate.

Do I need any cables?

I automatically, without doing No, the VS-100 plugs directly into your TRS- I Can get speech at all? 80. It uses the expansion port on your any programming 2.0 has very powerful "automatic computer, so it doesn't interfere with any Yes, Talker printer, disk drive, or RS232 device. On the keyboard echo" and "screen echo" options. is printed on the Model 4P, the card edge is recessed; be sure Everything that typed and/or to order the special 50-pin extender cable screen can also be spoken.

Woodhaven NY U421 We would like to thank all our Jamaica Ave., Products 79.04 customers for the very nice To Alpha feedback that we receive. Gentlemen. , However, (Such as the letter at right). u

on tea*

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That Extra Something: CP/M for the Model 100

crosoft Word, ready early Hot Items edited by Bradford N. Dixon in 1985. Their Multiplan spreadsheet may be out in Behind the scenes at this a Windows-based version year's National Computer in time for Comdex in No- Conference in Las Vegas, vember. representatives of PIC And Tandy isn't the on- Inc. showed a Model 100 ly computer manufactur- running CP/M with 64K er expected to support Mi- of RAM and a battery crosoft's program. Digital powered 360K disk drive. Equipment, Texas Instru- The add-on memory mod- ments, AT & T, Wang, Ze- ule, developed by the Ir- nith, and Hewlett-Packard vine, CA-based firm, have all voiced their inten- should be available in late tions to make Microsoft fall, according to a com- Windows available for their pany spokesman. micros. The battery-powered add-on system PIC was Tandyland showing incorporated 32K of high-speed 8K by 8-bit If you've noticed Tandy's Model 2000. CMOS RAM on a sepa- Photo 1. Microsoft's MS- Windows for the newspaper ads for the rate card. The expan- Model 2000 lately, you al- sion RAM card resides within a 314- Will Microsoft Windows make Tan- so might have noticed a new logo iden- inch Dysan-formatted Tabor disk dy's Model 2000 more attractive to tifying the 2000 as a member of Tan- drive. software developers? The jury's still dy's Advanced Technology Series. "Although there are questions as to out. In July, Tandy began using the spe- whether or not the 360K, 3 14 -inch As an extension of the MS-DOS op- cial logo to designate an elite group of disk format will catch on," PIC's erating system on the 2000, Windows products that "utilize the very latest president Ken Harlin said, "we were provides a "universal operating envi- leading-edge technology," according attracted to Dysan's concept of mar- ronment for the development of rich, to Tandy's chairman John V. Roach. keting [its drives]." Harlin also noted graphics-based applications pro- Roach underlined the special charac- that PIC could make its system avail- grams" according to the people at Mi- ter of these products saying, "Less able on other disk formats (514- or crosoft (see Photo 1). than one percent of our products will 3 Vi -inch) if Dysan's smaller drives Supposedly, Windows' appeal is be awarded this distinction initially." weren't acceptable to consumers. founded on more than the 2000's col- Radio Shack's Model 100 joined the

At show time, PIC was still negoti- or and high-resolution capabilities. Tandy 2000 in gaining the Advanced ating with Digital Research Inc. to li- Mouse-based programs developed us- Technology distinction as did a new cense CP/M 2.2 for the Model 100. ing Windows will run on any comput- digital audio disk and a 16-channel PIC's add-on expansion unit will run er that provides the Windows envi- portable programmable scanner. As CP/M with a minimum 48K RAM ronment. other state-of-the-art products appear (16K on board the Model 100 and 32K Software companies such as Multi- in Radio Shack stores, those that meet on the expansion unit). But Harlin mate International, Peachtree Soft- the Advanced Technology Series stan- told 80 Micro that nothing was firm. ware, and Microrim are considering dards will be awarded the emblem. Prices for the add-on, CP/M, or products that use MS-Windows. combinations of the drive with CP/M However, none of these manufactur- Update weren't established at the time of the ers has definite plans or a timetable for show, according to Harlin. One factor possible release of a Windows-based Quality Education Data, a Denver re- is an expected price reduction for product. search firm that studies micros in edu-

CMOS RAM chips (from $ 17-522 Microsoft is aiming to have Win- cation, recently released some specific each in quantity). dows-based word processing, via Mi- information about the most popular

80 Micro, November 1984 • 21 PULSE TRAIN

micros used in education. The num- to move into Juge's old job. Chandler

bers jibe with percentages reported in Radio Shack was Radio Shack's first software ex- the September 1984 Pulse Train (p. School District Computers pert and handled software develop-

21), but QED's latest report provides Duval County, FL 1662 ment for the Model I. His most recent some hard numbers. New York, NY 1331 title was Radio Shack's director of ap- The list of the country's 59 largest Dallas Independent S.D., TX 1200 plications software. school districts using microcomputers Los Angeles Unified S.D. CA 740 All the activity culminated with the Chicago P.S.D., IL 729 shows that Apple computers remain appointment of Bernard Appel as Polk County S.D., FL 572 the most popular, with 16,992 units, president of the Radio Shack Division while San Antonio S.D., TX 500 Radio Shack comes in second of Tandy Corporation (see Photo 2). Orange County S.D., FL 425 with 10,448 installed computers. The Appel started with as a buyer, Palm Beach County S.D. FL 360 Tandy Table lists the top 10 districts using has Houston Independent S.D., TX 280 and served as a merchandise man- Radio Shack computers. ager as well as in various positions as vice president. Most recently, was Table. Top 10 school districts using he The lap-size portable computer mar- Radio Shack computers. Radio Shack's executive VP of mar- ket narrowed even further last July keting. when Convergent Technologies an- nounced suspended production of its MicroTrends Workslate portable computer. at the Tandy Towers in Ft. Worth. Bill It appears the end is near for Work- The feds are taking steps to bring the Walters left his position as the product slate, one of the Model 100's first criminal code into the age. line manager for Radio Shack's lap- computer competitors. Although the company Recently the U.S. of size Model 100 and was replaced by House Repre- will still sell the computer from inven- Stewart Weinstock. Weinstock was sentatives approved the first federal tory, is criminal law against marketing minimal and the with Tandy in Philadelphia before unauthorized company has moved most of computer access. bill makes it the taking the Model 100 position. He The a Workslate employees to other jobs. moved up through the ranks, holding felony to obtain classified computer- ized information without positions as Radio Shack store manag- authoriza- How do you spell "lawsuit"? Cornu- tion. The also it er, computer marketing representa- proposed law makes a Software Inc. Berkeley, copia of CA, felony to receive tive, and senior marketing representa- more than $5,000 in which sells the Electric Webster spell- tive. Although Weinstock doesn't profit in one year as a result of a com- ing-checker program, knows better puter break-in. have a technical background, his mar- than most. This past spring Merriam- keting experience should help him an- The maximum penalty for first of- Webster Inc. slapped Cornucopia with ticipate computer buyers' needs. fenders would be 10 years in prison a lawsuit aimed at blocking the sale of and a $10,000 fine, or twice the value When Ed Juge was promoted to di- Electric Webster. of the offender's illegal gain, which- rector of market planning from direc- Merriam-Webster, based in Spring- ever is greater. Twenty in tor of merchandising for Radio years prison field, alleged that Electric MA, Web- and $100,000 or twice illegal Shack's business computer products, the gain, ster's packaging imitated the "trade whichever is is the door was open for Van Chandler greater, the proposed dress" of Merriam's best-selling Web- penalty for repeat offenders. ster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictio- Under the bill, computer tampering nary. Merriam also claimed that is a misdemeanor punishable by a Cornucopia infringed on their bulls- y*"*^^. $5,000 fine or one year in prison. eye trademark, including the Webster Computers holding financial and name. credit data are also covered under the In addition to an injunction, Mer- bill's umbrella when that data may be riam sought triple damages from Cor- accessed only by a government com- nucopia, an accounting of the defend- puter. ant's profits, and $500,000 in punitive In light of the recent hoopla involv- damages. ing illegal entry to a variety of govern- Last July, Cornucopia's Philip ment and private computer systems, it

Mantsfield said that the matter was seems Uncle Sam is serious about settled out of court for an unspecified cracking down on computer-related amount of money. In addition to pay- crime. ing the settlement, Cornucopia agreed to state in Electric Webster advertise- /2ff It was probably inevitable in 1984: ments that the program and Cornuco- Business managers are using personal pia weren't associated with the Mer- computers to handle personnel prob- riam-Webster dictionaries. lems. According to an article in the July Face to Face 25, 1984, Wall Street Journal, manag- A i ers are turning to floppy "doctors" Over the course of the summer there Photo 2. Bernard Appel, new president of Tan- for everything from a solution to pro-

was lots of movement between offices dy 's Radio Shack Division. duction slumps to entire personnel

22 • 80 Micro, November 1984 TRS-80 MODEL 4 Word Processing Program

D 80x24 DISPLAY using TRSDOS 6 or any MODEL III DOS. D Built-in FORM LETTER and MAIL-MERGE capabilities. Built-in HYPHENATION capabilities. 55 separately programmable MACRO FUNCTION KEYS. Performs PROPORTIONAL-SPACE right-margin justification on over 80 different printers (all drivers included FREE) O Integrates with ELECTRIC WEBSTER spelling checker. m TRIAL-SIZE DISK OFFER Keyboard entry and printing of 31 European Characters and special symbols Fill out and return this coupon to receive a free trial-size copy of the LeScript word processing system - a $25.00 value D LeScript also available to run on TRS-80 MODEL I. MODEL III, LNW-80. LNW-TEAM (80x24). Holmes VID-80 (80x24). and Lobo MAX 80 (80x24).

D CP/M and TRS-80 MODEL II versions now available Name (only $199.95). TANDY 2000 and IBM-PC versions available after October Address 1984 ($199.95)

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training Software programs. ranges The businesses surveyed used mi- to 300 baud transmission and may from simple computerized manage- cros primarily for word processing, also support 1,200 baud. ment training programs to more so- accounting, financial analysis and phisticated programs that actually planning, data-base management, da- Now that Radio Shack Computer and provide advice based on an employ- ta input and analysis, education and Telephone Centers are sharing retail ee's psychological profile. training, and communications. Use of space, the possibility arises that the Although programs from compa- micros for electronic mail and graphic two technologies might merge as well. nies such as Human Edge Software design and production was expected to It seems only natural. Corp. of Palo Alto and Interactive grow, but in most of the companies, Although hardware that joins tele- Health Systems Corp. of Los Angeles in-house networking was barely un- phones and computers has been have found some support in the busi- derway. around since 1981, the introduction of ness arena, there are also skeptics. Zaisan Inc.'s IBM PC-compatible Derwin Fox, vice president of Xerox Not all the competition during last ES.3 computer-phone in August drew Learning Systems, was quoted in the summer's Olympic games involved new attention to the concept. Articles article as saying, "I don't think you athletes. Lotus Development Corp. of describing the Houston firm's $2,595 can substitute interaction with a com- Cambridge, MA, and Ashton-Tate hybrid appeared in PC Week and puter screen for interaction with an- Inc. of Culver City, CA, waged their Business Week. other person in learning to deal with own contest in the commercials be- Even with Radio Shack's new em- people." tween ABC's television coverage of phasis on the telephone, there's been Nonetheless, a study conducted by the games. no hint that the firm might get its com- Wilson Learning Corp. indicates that The commercials featured Lotus' puters and its phones together. In light in the next five years, half the money integrated software program Sympho- of the telecommunications boom, spent on management training in U.S. ny, and AshtonTate's . however, it might be something for the folks in Fort Worth to think about. business will go toward computer self- Both companies feel the time is right instruction courses. The trend indi- for mass media advertising and both

cates a 45 percent increase over the have the bucks to do it. The spots, at A recently published study looks at current $1 billion spent annually in $260,000 for each 30-second airing, computer education in New York management training. are testimony to both companies' be- City's public schools, with special at- Strangely enough, the office isn't lief that the software battle will be won tention to the economically disadvan- the only place where people use these in marketing, not product features. taged minority student. The Commu- programs. When one Human Edge nity Service Society of New York customer introduced the software Last summer, Searchmart Corp. of (CSS) commissioned the study, titled product called Management Edge to North Palm Beach, FL, introduced a Computers in the Schools: The New his wife, she immediately adapted it free call-in software-products data Frontier. To make sure that poorer for handling their "stubborn" three- base called (uniquely enough) Soft- kids aren't left out of the computer

year-old son. The article went on to in- ware Library, which they feel is revo- revolution, the report calls for close dicate that the woman's friends were lutionary. monitoring of money spent on com- interested in using the program to get "There are several software data puter education. advice on handling their husbands. bases," states Victor Gruneau, presi- The study looks at how computers In the future, perhaps police depart- dent of Searchmart, "but they charge affect poor children's ability to learn ments will use similar programs to substantial fees for making searches and to find good jobs after gradu- handle domestic disputes. School and they are not available on-line to ation. It also considers what schools counselors could tap the power of mi- software shoppers who want to search can do to help families that can't af- cros to combat student problems. Ah, the files at their convenience on home ford a home computer. For a copy of Big Brother, the possibilities seem or office computers." Callers can get the report, write to Adrienne Hiddel- endless. If only micros could be built descriptions, prices, and other details son, Community Service Society of with warm handshakes and sympa- about thousands of software pack- New York, 105 E. 22nd St., New thetic CRTs. .. ages. York, NY 10010. Most of the information of interest

A Newsweek market research report to TRS-80 owners concerns business How much time and money does it found microcomputers gaining sup- applications software. A search for ac- take to run a public-access bulletin port in businesses that have more than counting programs using CP/M for board system? That's what Plumb, 5,000 employees. TRS-80s turned up descriptions of the BBS newsletter, asked sysops in a Among micros available to business over 25 packages in a wide range of recent survey. As it turns out, sysops professionals, IBM PCs were pre- prices. However, the data base had no spend 50 hours a month maintaining ferred, followed by micros in the Ap- listings describing games available in their message and data bases and

ple II family, Wang's Professional, Radio Shack's TRSDOS format. modifying their boards. Start-up costs

Radio Shack TRS-80s, and Digital The phone number for the Software average more than $3,000, and it takes Equipment's DECMate and DEC Library's computer is 305-845-6466 $50 a month to maintain the system. Rainbow. The report didn't specify and you should set UART parameters Monthly expenses include costs for

which model in the TRS-80 line was for 8-bit words, 1 stop bit, and no par- electricity, telephone service, equip- most popular. ity. The host computer responds nicely ment, supplies, and legal advice.

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READER EXCHANGE

Creator Update Closing SW2-6 lets you use the graphics mode by typing in CHR$ After making the software buy of (27);CHR$(35); it's easier than bit- the year, Bruce Tonkin's Creator II image graphics, providing you can as- (February 1984, p. 68), I found that semble the blocks into the figure you this data base generator wasn't com- want. patible with NEWDOS80. The rea- son: The lines of Basic code written to Roger G. Christman a sequential file aren't in numerical se- 1890 Abington Road quence. TRSDOS resequences the Bethlehem, PA 18018 lines as they're read into memory; NEWDOS80 doesn't. The solution is Returns to Sender the NEWDOS80 Do command. If the I've noticed some confusion about program is a do-file you can easily uploading files with the Model 100's convert it to a Basic file and save it Telcom program. The article "Up- without ever leaving the DOS (see the loading Text to WordStar" (August Program Listing). 1983, p. 210), among others, cites in- sertion of carriage returns as a disad- Dennis Hedrick Fine Printing 13588 Becraft vantage of Telcom. What I can't un- I'd like to respond to John Solie's Chino, CA 91710 derstand is why. questions the C.Itoh about 8510A You don't need anything fancy to Prowriter parallel printer (July 1984, solve the problem. When you're up- Tonkin Responds p. 34). To print double-width (elon- loading a file, Telcom prompts you gated) characters, use CHR$(14). To / congratulate Mr. Hedrick on his for the line width. All you have to do is turn off the double-width character enhancements: They eliminate the need press the enter key without typing in a feature, use CHR$(15). to sort program tines, and make it number and Telcom sends the file Bit-image graphics aren't easy to easier and faster to write and run pro- without the extra carriage returns. grams with The Creator under NEW- print. You have to lay out your figure Stephen Fournier DOS80. Knowledgeable users make in terms of columns and dots, and 15122 Pheasant Drive programming a rewarding career. determine the code number corre- Surrey, B.C. V3R 4X6 The suggested changes do cause a sponding to the pattern of dots and Canada few problems, however. First, you're spaces in each column. Moreover, to creating two copies the generated make figures connect from line to line, of Utility Line program on disk, leaving less room to you must set the line spacing to 1/10 Super Utility Plus users should save the resulting Basic program. of an inch (CHR$(27);CHR$(84); be "16"). aware that when you format a data Also, when you execute a do-file, The disk with the Format utility, you can't Creator doesn't check whether it's John's last question related to the back up that disk using TRSDOS 1.3's overwriting a program or file. Anoth- dual in-line package (DIP) switches. Backup utility. However, you can eas- er minor concern: You have to exit Ba- I'll discuss only switch sets SW1 and ily back up data disks prepared with sk to run the generated program. SW2, which are directly under the rib- the TRSDOS 1.3 Format utility. The To keep my costs and price low, I'll bon cartridge when it's at its rightmost reason for the difference apparently is continue to send out the unaltered ver- position. It's important to note that that TRSDOS 1.3 lays down copy- sion. I hope these modifications will the switches are numbered 1-8 from righted code track 1 while Super encourage even more readers to get a left to right in the manual, but from on Utility Plus doesn't. copy of The Creatorfrom afriend, lo- right to left on the printer. In both sets cal user's group, bulletin board, or if of switches, the open position is Carl Bernofsky all else fails, from me. I still forbid toward you. Using O for open and X 6744 Milne Blvd. sales of the program without my writ- for closed, here are the switch settings New Orleans, LA 70124 ten permission. turned around to match their position on the printer: Bruce W. Tonkin In Search Of. . 34069 HamesviUe Road SWl: XXXOOOXO I'm putting together a collection of Round Lake, IL 60073 SW2: OXOOOOXX word game programs that I intend to

80 Micro, November 1984 • 29 READER EXCHANGE

er/printer (March 1984, p. 240) in- Program Listing. Changes to The Creator II and The Reportorfor users. NEWDOS cluded 14 patches that made our unit Changes to The Creator II perform perfectly with Model III Su-

270 JN$=PNS+"/JCL":KFS-PN$+"/KEY"+":'+AN$:DF$=PN$+"/DAT"+": perScripsit (used on the Model 4). "+ANS:PN$-PN$+"/BAS":OPEN"0",l,JN$+":"+BN$:PRINT #1, "BASIC, 3V": PRINT Now, we've been presented with Mod- #1,"1 REM*PROGRAM NAME: " iPN$; "*": PRINT #1,"2 REM* DATA FILE NAME IS ;DF$;"*": PRINT II, "3 REM*DATA FILE IS ON DRIVE ";AN$;"*" el 4 SuperScripsit 6.01 .00 and we find this version accept the patches. : won't 1900 PRINT #1, "SAVE ";CHR$( 34) ;PN$; " " >BN$;CHR$(34) :CLOSE Can anyone help? 1910 CLS:PRINT"Your program has been written and saved on the specified drive, as ";JN$: PRINT "Ypu must now exit to NEWDOS80 and type Floyd Austin DO";JN$:PRINT PN$;" will be saved and ready to run" P.O. Box 827 Greenville, CA 95947 Changes to The Reportor

390 JN$-PN$+"/JCL"+":"+DR$:PN$»PN$+"/BAS"+":"+DR$ I'm collecting data for a national di-

, rectory of user's groups. The first edi- 430 OPEN"0",1,JN$:Q$«CHR$(34) tPRINT *1 "BASIC, 3V" tion is scheduled for publication in the 2636 CLS: PRINT: PRINT "Your program has been written as "; JN$:PRINT "You must now exit to NEWDOS80 and type DO ";JN$: PRINT PN$;" will be created spring of 1985. If you'd like your and ready to run" group included, send me a stamped,

2639 PRINT #1,"SAVE " ;Q$;PN$: CLOSE: END self-addressed envelope; I'll send you End a questionnaire. Ken Ryder P.O. Box 4102 make generally available. Readers also, indicate what computer you Rome, NY 13440 who would like to contribute to the own - Eric Balkan collection—any computer, any lan- 14704 Seneca Castle Court guage—should contact me. Others Gaithersburg, MD 20878 Error Trap who just like to play word games and want more information should send a Colin Alexander's review of the A minor typographical error in the stamped, self-addressed envelope; Brother Compactronic 60 typewrit- listing for my Model 100 sort program UPGRADE Your TRS-80® Model III or 4 with a disk drive system from Micro-Design,

The UPGRADE includes: MDX-6 controller board 1 " disk drive(s) for 5 /4 drives, switching power supply, of your choice, all necessary installation cables and hardware.

Standard UPGRADE comes with one 40 track, full size drive - lust $399.00!

Purchase an additional disk drive when you order your UPGRADE from Micro-Design and get two slim- line drives for only $499.00! You pay just $100.00 for - the second drive! UPGRADE w/one drive w/two slimline drives $399.00 $499.00

computer, leaving your second slot open for another two slim- Two slimline drives fit neatly into one slot of your lines, or a Micro-Design hard disk drive.

Also Available: - MDX-10 - $64.95 RS-232 Serial Port -<» Phone Modem/Serial Port - MDX-5 - $159.95 MICRO-DESIGN Micro. Memory Kits for the Model III and 4 Making The Most Of Your Call 1-800-531-5002

In Texas, call 512^41-7890

7874S 1KV i.mdv Corporation Mill H Mdiuhdid Rd . Austin T\ For more Micro-Design products,

30 • 80 Micro, November 1984 You Can Take it With You Good News About Mass Storage For Today's Business Pharaoh

Mass storage used t<> mean a i>i^. expensive unli ihai Unlimited Expansion, no more erasing old wasn't the least bit portable. And guarding against data ii» Increase spa e on youi hard disk Fact is. uninvited Intruders was a royal pain. Today "s ihere's no limn 10 ihe amount of off-line storage you

business pharaoh can have portability and convenient 1 .in

5 or 10 megabyte removable cartridge hard disk ( mi da 1 a series 7. and 10 megabyte cartridge hard

systems I rum Micro-Design, vou can lake it with you. disks are external drives available in removable only.

>. 1 >i 1 talred with H 20, 01 33 megabyte fixed drives. Our

t se hard disk cartridges the same way y< nj use a sq Series features 5 megabyte cartridge drives In floppy disk system Just switch them out .is needed matt hing external cases or read) tor internal installa-

one < artrtdge tor word) 'M>< essing, another fcx u< ( ouni tion They're all plug 1 omj taiible with no additional

Ing. and another tor backup storage. Add additional hardware required >m<\ youi t hok eol operating

cartridges whenever you lik< systems - li« >S 5 I, i>< SPLI IS 3.5. DOSPLUS 4 or

I RSI OS 6.0 Double duty, with cartridges you ^«'i bat kup

capabilities Pi t s ihe benefit oi having .mother tt ill 5 Gel ihe « onvenier* e 1 >i portability In a mass storage or 10 megabytes ol on-line storage added to your -\ stem Ask your local computer dealer about Micro-

IKS ho* Model III or 4 Deslgn's versatile hard disk cartridge units, or. rail us loi . ills 011 oui lull product line and ordering infor- l*"ast. Cartridges run as fast, or Lister ih.m lixed hard mation. Dealer inquiries invited disk drives A 5 megabyte backup lakes only .1 few minutes We've goi a complete Une of mass storage out < .11 in. Switching Iges J floppy drives. F rices l. ikes nisi .1 lew sci onds devices, including sum as low .is $1549 lor a 20 megabyte Convenient and fixed hard disk drive. Call for our FREE Secure, it's ( < ii. iii »g today! < ,is\ 10 lock-up sens! live files jusl re

move the 1 anri< Ige and pui it some Micro- Design where safe 11 you share .1 computer With others. everyone can have Making Ihe Most Of Your Micro. tlieir own cartridge.

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• See List ol Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 31 '

READER EXCHANGE

("Sort Order," July 1984, p. 128) DEBUG makes execution begin at the wrong memory location. The last two digits I found it necessary to change two Chimes program for the Model 100 of line 500 are transposed; the correct- lines in Program Listing 3 of "A Bet- (RAM Files, May 1984, p. 172). You ed line is: ter Breed of Basic" (July 1984, p. should correct the three following 94). should read: program lines to read as listed: 500SAVEM "SORT.CO", 61960,62948,61986 They Ronald F. Balonis 260 N$(ll) = "L2 E- C" 120 IF MID$(TIME$,4,2) = "30" THEN 118 Rice St. 270 N$(12) = "L2 G L8 P8 A-A-A-" GOSUB 190: GOSUB 210: ELSE 140 Trucksville, PA 18708 Jim Cornell 21Q N m val(LEFT$(time$,2)): if n>12 San Antonio, TX then n = n- 12 ELSE if N=0 then sidebar "Who's The Pulse Train N=12 Got Clout with Tandy?" (August incorrectly stated that a To correct a problem in line 240 of = 1984, p. 24) 280 for J = l to N: sound c,L: for k i 36-megabyte hard disk system is avail- the TEXT6A program of "Bugs TO 300: NEXT: next: return able from Radio Shack on special or- from Outer Space" (August 1984, p. der. According to Tandy's special 88), change the line to read: projects coordinator, Pam Lanier,

*! " # the chime at storage capacity is 30 megabytes and 00240 defm ' ;6 The changes complete

_, . , the half correct the hourly the disk drive is regularly stocked at hour and ger count at midnight; the change in line Radio Shack stores. Lanier also says *«, nJ r , n j 505 Ridge Lake Road correct address to write for infor- m eliminates throu^ the the Crestv,ew,FL 32536 mation about the Tandy Computer time deiay bop in line 290 twice. Business User's Group (TCBUG) is James M. Stubchaer TCBUG, P.O. Box 17580, Ft. Worth, Readers have pointed out an omis- 869 N. Kellogg A ve. TX 76102. sion and an error in my Westminster Santa Barbara, CA 93111 —Eds.

EASY TO USE INTEGRA TED SOFTWARE FROM PEL-TEK ALL THREE MODULES. ONLY $99.00

Word Processing from Pel-Tek Proofreading From Pel 1 ek Communications from Saturday Software /pel check/ correct /y/*em dblcom "S&ochine 3.0 Integrates with the Word Machine 3 1 FOR TRSe048KModl'lll*' Integrates with the Word Machine 3 FOR TRS 80 48K Mud III 4' FOR TRS 8048K Modi HI,

Easiest to use Word Processor anywhere Superb 30,000 Literal Word List Unique Split Screen for Sending/ Receiving On screen formatting - what you type is Includes prefixes, suffixes, many proper Split screen feature avoids text what prints on the printer Works with all names and geographic locations "collisions" in Conference or "C.B." modes printers Graphics mode for TRS 80 block Integrates with the Word Machine 3.0 Prepare transmission text lines on bottom graphics (printer support needed) without duplicating files Can check screen while normal transmissions are Embedded forms control — to skip ASCII files created by any Word Processor received on upper screen Large capture lines, eject paper, terminate printing Streamlined menu driven operation Spelling buffer for incoming/outgoing text Embedded file retrieval during printout makes it easier to use than any other Printer spooling of buffer to save connect (called from text) allows chaining a Checker Allows expansion of a secondary time Dump buffer to printer, disk or document to any virtual length Pause User Dictionary with words from your text communications line Send all 26 ASCII feature enter data into text line fields Or create /edit your own User Dictionary Status line shows printer, during printout, great for forms or form using any Word Processor Expand the control codes buffer, and UART status Supports 110. letters, especially when used with Multiple main dictionary to up to 60,000 words 1200 Baud Selectable UARTS Copy feature Insert /delete characters, automatically with words from the User 300, Auto Dialing Optional line feed after lines, files, anywhere in your text Text Dictionary (Model III) Works with a carriage return Optional local echo for centering Embed ASCII codes in your single disk configuration Does spelling half -duplex Access to D.O.S. from within text to control your printer Headers, checking AND spelling corrections - no program Integrates with the Word Footers, page numbering "Warm start" extra charge for the corrections feature the Machine 3.0 to create or edit buffer text from DOS READY Line oriented Full Less than 1 /2 the price of any competing using Word Processing facilities screen text editing Supports unmodified TRS-80 product, and performs better testing Integrates Model I for lower case Integrates with based on independent Spell Check/Correct and DBLCOM with the Word Machine 3.0 with

communications packages FREE . . . uninterrupted operation INDOOR SOCCER and JUMPY arcade games included! PEL-TEK ^324 VISA • MASTERCARD • CHECK • Software operates P.O. Box 1026 Mod 4 in Mod III modej Orders Accepted Southampton, PA 18966 Money • Spell check will not 1-800 523 2445, Ext. 19 Add $2.00 Postage and Handling work with Super Order Line: Scnptset 800-346-7511. Ext. 19 Add $3.00 for CO. D. In PA: 1

32 • 80 Micro, November 1984 " "

"I am amazed at the broad spectrum of technical articles you publish, for both

. novice and advanced programmers . .

If you're still wondering which magazine you should And an 80 Micro subscription is risk free. If you're buy for your TRS-80*, here's what 80 Micro readers iidI completely satisfied, you'll be reimbursed for all un- have to say about their #1 system-specific information delivered issues See what 80 Micro can do for you. It's source #\ for a lot of people. Fill out this order form and send

it in now. Enclose your payment and get a Kith issue free! • "Not only is the magazine very professionally done, ..! • V K.i.llo Sh.uk t at 7 an I but I have found something in almost every issue that has been worth the price of the subscription r JL ! I want a no- risk subscription to the ma- Roger I. Ilolstege CS MiUersvQle, MD gazine for beginner to advanced TRS-80 users.

#"I was greatly impressed by your magazine. 1 got more Send me 12 issues of 80 MICRO for $24.97! I understand

that with payment enclosed or credit card order I will useful information from that one issue of 80 than I have receive a FREE issue making a total of 1 3 issues for . from countless other sources. . $24.97. John M. Crittenden !"~ I Bill me $24.97 for 12 issues Jackson, MS Check MO VISA DAE DMC •"I have found 80 Micro to be the most valuable mag Card # Exp. Date ." azine jx^rtaining to home computers on the market. . Signature

Willuim C. Hardin, fr Name

Charlotte, VC Add ress

80 Micro is the magazine for every TRS-80 user from City .State. .Zip. 34NF8 beginner to advanced. 80 Micro is full of tutorials, free

Canada & Mexico, $27.97. Foreign surface. $44.97. 1 year only, programs, hardware modifications, new product an- US funds drawn on US bank. Please allow 6-8 weeks for delivery. nouncements, product reviews, debugging tips, and more. BOfTIICrO • PO Box 981 • Famingdale, NY 11737 "

1984 Logical Systems Inc.

list Names are constantly maintain- Version* avariaot* loi LDOS 5 1 and TRSOOS 6 (Specify when ordering) ed in sorted sequence Maii-File will Available lor TRSOOS 6 only print 3 or 4 line labels, in either single Available lor LDOS 5.1 only or multiple across formats A user FED86 also includes commands for The LSI HELP System/stem is a complete defined format is also available HEX/ASCII/case independent string series of packages to provide on-line searches, printing record(s) help information Pleasecall or write for more informa- TBA is a text preprocessor that and to LDOS/TRSDOS modification tion. Mail/File for the 1 and 3 is translates structured BASIC source" of data (in ASCII or 6 users Packages are available for supplied on a run-time version of into interpreter executable programs. HEX) $49. DOS/BASIC help. Technical help, Mail/File for the of smal-LDOS the Model Supports long variable names and File Manager will handle all those and development additional 212 is for TRSDOS 2 'only $99. named references/procedures, along COPY. MOVE PURGE or BACKUP "HELP information files Prices start with conditional translation $79. lobs with ease Faster and more at $29. LS-QFB/Comp consists of two versatile than or utilities QFB performs a Mast" BSORT/MOD324 is an advanced BACKUP PURGE. LS-HOST 'TERM is a complete Mod 4 script" for mirror-image backup of a disk, machine language sort lor FM can also produce a communications system Includes M4 BASIC formatting the later execution through $49. destination disk in the Multiple key /tag arrays, 1 or2dimen- JCL ADDS25 terminal emulator. process Comp will compare any two •" file utility for sion, string or numeric arrays Filter Package "1 contains fourteen XMODEM transfer disks or files, with transfer. differences to MOD324 does most of the restructur- filters for with error-free HOST program useful use the LDOS display or printer. with password protection and much, $49. ing to allow M3 BASIC programs to 5 1 system Some of these are much more. for be run under M4 BASIC. $49. XLATE (user-defined input/output Ideal use with "The Source" is 'The' commented $199. source tor A DiskDISK allows the partitioning ol translation). LISTBAS (BASIC code TRSDOS 6 2 must for all large volume drives into smaller prettyprint" filter), MONITOR Inventory Master is designed to fill TRSDOS 6 programmers. Complete three volume set is logical volumes which •look" |ust like (filters unprintable characters and the inventory control needs of many $249. additional (loppy drives This should replaces them with printable repre- retail operations. IM maintains in- Utility Disk «1 is a useful collection of be considered a must for hard disk or sentations). TITLE (adds user- stock on-order and minimum-to- programs and utilities for use with other "large" drive users $99. defined titles to printer output). stock quantities, in addition to the 5.1 Operating System SLASHO (slashes zeros on printers historical sales information IM LDOS FED II is an all-purpose File/Disk Some of the programs included on that can backspace). LINEFEED handles up to 2700 stock items, in- editor for LDOS or TRSOOS 6 Bytes Utility *1 are (file/disk com- (add or remove LF after CR on any stock and on-order quantities up to COMP may be modified in either ASCII or pare), DCT (view/modify DCTs). device). PAGEPAWS (pause printer 10.000. with sales per item of up to HEX Location may be done via DIRCHECK (check/fix directories), after formfeed), and CALC 30,000 pieces or $1 000.000 Please search string, load address or record HIGH (map memory allocation), (keyboard HEX/DEC/BINARY call or write for more details IM is for number Shows disassembly of 'CMD MAP (map disk allocation), conversion and HEX add/sub filter) the Model 3 mode only, and is files $49. RAMTEST (test memory), RDTEST Includes source code. $39. supplied on a run-time version of (read test of drives and diskettes), FED86 is the LSI File and disk EDitor $99. " Filter Package #2 has nine more smal-LDOS for the IBM-PC and fully PC-com- READ40 (reads 40 track disks in 80 filters for LDOS 5 . 1. Theprogramson LED is the LSI full-screen text EDitor patable computers (not for the Tandy track drives), TYPEIN (controls Filter »2 include KSMPLUS (like Uses all LDOS special features 2000). running under PC/MS-DOS 2 many programs that will not work KSM but allows key re-definition filters/drivers. (KSM, ). Excellent with JCL), UNKILL (recovers killed Any byte in any given file ordisk may on-the-fly") (like XLATE for editing files MAXLATE KSM and JCL source files) and WRTEST (write test of be displayed and or altered. Display Filter *1, character ' on but each pass- T6 version includes block write to drives and diskettes). $49. information includes 256 byte ing through can "trigger a group of disk" and insert file at cursor" $49. record display, filename (or disk translate characters) COMMi The LS-Utillty Disk is a collection of MailFile Series II is a complete relative sector) and drive number, (communications filter - tests for the most popular LSI filters and mailing list management system for record number and relative byte modem carrier, provides adjustable utilities re-written for use under the small list user. Model 1 - 600 number within the current sector delay between characters also can TRSDOS 6 on the Mod 4 Includes names per list (1000 with double- Also, the value of the byte under the provide linefeeds and nulls) KSMPLUS. MAXLATE. CALC. density) Model 2M2 - 2500 names cursor is displayed in HEX. decimal Includes source code $39. READ40 and much, much per list and Model 3 - 1200 names per and binary more $49.

LSI ORDER FORM

Name. ORDERING INSTRUCTIONS The following shipping/handling tees and order policies apply to Company: Date: an orders placed from this catalog, and all orders placed after June 1st. 1984 Order policy and shipping' handling charges may be altered at any time by LSI Address: There is a five dollar charge for handling on each order.This charge will be waived on pre-paid orders placed lor delivery in the United City: State: Zip:. States Pre-paid means "orders that include an enclosed check or money order

Foreign: Phone (9-5): In addition, there is a $1 per item shipping charge tor shipping in the US, Canada and Mexico This covers UPS ground or First Class Mail shipment (US) or Air shipment {Canada. Mexico) For any Payment Check/MO (pre-paid) COD. D MasterCard VISA other shipping method the additional shipping charges will be added to the order If a premium shipping method is desired, please Expiration Date: Card Number: call and find out the additional amount to send if the order is paid for by credit card the correct total will be charged automatically. Orders outside the US, Canada and Mexico must be paid by Signature MasterCard or VISA, and the total shipping charges will be added to the order. No other torm of payment will be accepted, due to the Qty. Catalog # Description Price Extension inability to accurately pre-determine shipping costs, and the additional cost involved in handling loreign bank drafts

For all orders, the following discount policy will apply:

Quantity - mix or match Discount Percentage

One Net (0%) Two 10 percent Three 15 percent Four 20 percent Five or more 25 percent

Write or call for our tree catalog.

Less _°'o Quantity Discount 8970 North 55th Street Handling (strike out if pre-paid) S5.0G JOGICAL WSTEMS P.O. Box 23956 items times $1 shipping each Milwaukee, Wl 53223 Wl, add 5%- Sales Tax on total above (414) 355-5454 ^301 Total Amount Due

Prices and specifications subject to change without notice REVIEWS

Prosoft's Allwrite: Better Than All Right

by Terry Kepner edited by Ryan Davis-Wright ed instead of character- oriented; making tables wider than 60 characters At last—a world-class takes lots of work; a word processor for rather small work space in the Radio Shack Model memory (12-15K depend- I/III/4 computers. All- ing on which computer write does almost any- you use), and a few other thing you could want in a frustrating "features."

word processor, yet it's so But in spite of its flaws, simple that you can leam Newscript was the only to use it in only a few word processor that could minutes. conveniently do what I Allwrite has so many wanted. features that it's difficult Allwrite has now sup- to decide which ones to planted Newscript as my write about. Here's a sam- word processor of choice, ple the of most useful and and it only took five min- unusual ones. utes to do so. Allwrite supports defin- able screen line widths, 22 The Package programmable function Allwrite comes on a ustration by Katherine Mahoney keys, text recovery, auto- double-sided flippy disk.

matic hyphenation, file status indica- any questions on program operations. If you have a Model I, the disk con- tor, footnotes, text preview, text block It's that easy. tains DOSPLUS TDOS on both sides,

insertion, If. . .Then selective printing and both sides are used for all the Son of Newscript instructions, and multiple columns of modules of the Allwrite system. text. It also supports true proportional Allwrite was developed by Prosoft, The Model III disk has TDOS on spacing; automatic index and table-of- the people who sell the Newscript one side and TRSDOS 1.3 on the oth- contents generation; multiple columns word processing system. But Allwrite er, with the entire Allwrite system on per page; top and bottom page titling; isn't just a Newscript upgrade: it's a both sides. The Model 4 disk has TRS- underline, boldface, double-width, whole new system, with all the advan- DOS 6.2 on side 1 and DOSPLUS IV and italic characters; superscript, sub- tages of Newscript and none of its dis- on the other, again with Allwrite on script, and backspace capability; advantages. both sides. This approach reduces hanging indentation (also called bul- I've been using Newscript almost problems for customers when order-

lets); embedded printer graphics; from the day it was released. In that ing the program for their computers. printing of selected pages rather than time it has earned my respect because Setting up Allwrite for your com-

an entire manuscript; setting special of its capabilities: large-based printer puter is a bit complex. However, if tabs to allow left- and right-column support (automatic daisy-wheel sup- you carefully follow the on-screen in- justification; and centered text and port), transportability between Radio structions (or if you actually read the decimal column justification (lining Shack computers, automatic table-of- directions in the manual), you can up numbers on the decimal). And contents generation, automatic index quickly customize Allwrite to your that's only a partial list. generation, no loss of characters when computer and printer (you can even Combine these features with All- typing, the ability to chain files and set up three printer tables, letting you write's ease of use and you'll under- create manuscripts hundreds of pages switch among three printers). stand my enthusiasm. You can bypass long, and dozens of other features that The distribution disks for all the the instruction manual and tutorial make life simpler for writers. computers have the same programs: a altogether and sit down and start On the other side of the coin, New- text input program (18K); a text for- working. And if you should get stuck, script has earned my ire for some of its matter program (28K); an installation you can refer to Allwrite's compre- deficiencies: it's slow in saving, load- specification table (1.5K); specifica- hensive built-in Help file to answer ing, and printing files; it's line-orient- tions for the index, table of contents,

80 Micro, November 1984 • 35 REVIEWS

and other special files (1.5K); Allwrite fine the screen width so that you can keyboard driver (1.5K); a disconnect format lines longer than 64 characters Allwrite that returns you to your DOS key- One feature wide, making it easier to prepare board driver (1.5K); an on-line help provides that's lacking tables of information. You select the file (25. 5K); a utility that converts in- maximum width allowed for this pur- dividual Newscript files to Allwrite in most other pose in the installation procedure. format (12K); a Basic program that You would normally choose a maxi- word processors is a converts an entire disk of Newscript mum width of 80 characters since files to Allwrite format (1.5K); a utili- status command to tell that's the limit of standard 8!/2-inch ty that customizes Allwrite for your paper using 10 characters per inch you about your file. computer system (16.5K); a utility that printing, but you can specify up to 254 creates a sorted index file (1.5K); a characters per line in the installation printer table (19.5K); a daisy-wheel process. If you use the Length com- and thimble printer table (1.5K each); mand to reset the normal screen and three sample text files. If you have any Newscript files, the width, the entire display scrolls to the Newscript converter utility scans left when you reach the right edge of In actual use you only need the text them, changing them to the Allwrite the screen. program, the text formatter pro- input format (the control line character is In addition to the arrow keys, you gram, the installation specification changed from a period to a semicolon, have 41 control keys to maneuver the program, and your printer table. If the carriage returns at the end of each cursor and text around in the text you want to create indexes, tables of Newscript line are removed, and cer- buffer. The control key is the clear contents, mail labels, or legal docu- tain Newscript control words are key, and all keys repeat if held down. ments, you also need the specifications changed to match new Allwrite decide You can specify how much time you utility for those features. If you words). If you have a disk of New- want to pass before a key starts keyboard driver, to use the Prosoft script files, the disk converter program repeating itself fast it repeats type-ahead buffer so and how which supplies a builds a special file that the Newscript when you set up the installation pro- you won't lose characters, you need converter reads, automatically refor- gram. driver. Finally, the Allwrite keyboard matting all the disk files rather than also have 36 avail- if on your drive-zero You commands you have room prompting for each file name as it nor- able as text editor commands. These disk or an available data drive, you mally would. provide the more complex functions should have the Help file on-line. Allwrite Text Editor such as getting a disk directory, text Once you set up your Allwrite sys- search and replace, file statistics, and tem disk, you're ready to work. When Once you load your file, Allwrite so forth. One feature Allwrite pro- you start, the Prosoft logo appears on clears the screen and positions the cur- vides that's lacking in most other word the display, and you're prompted for sor at the upper left-hand corner. Now processors is a status command to tell the file name of the document you you can start typing. When you reach you about your file. Allwrite not only want to use. If it isn't already on-line, the end of the screen, the cursor auto- tells you the number of characters cur- Allwrite advises you that the file name matically goes down and over to the rently in your file, it also tells you how you gave it is a new file and prompts next line. If you want, you can rede- many characters are left, the total for confirmation before entering the space available, the word count, line text editor. If the file is on-line, it's im- count, current screen width, type of mediately loaded into memory, and printer selected, number of changes boy is it fast only three seconds to ADwrite — you've made to the text, the name of load a 25K file. the last file edited, the current file's If you're using a Model I, III, or ***** name, the name of the next file (if Lobo Max-80 computer, the display is you're invoking the Link command), 64 characters wide by 16 lines long. On the text last used for Search, the text Prosoft the Model 4, the display is 80 columns last used for Replace, and, if you're P.O. Box 560 wide by 24 lines long. Outside of this, using a 128K Model 4, which RAM North Hollywood, CA 91603 the Model 4 version is identical in op- area you're currently using (1, 2, or 3). Models I and III, 48K RAM eration to the other versions (unless Model 4, 64K RAM Another useful feature involves have a 128K then you Model 4, you Two disk drives, or one disk drive "soft" keys. These are 22 keys (the can memory-bank your files so that and one hard drive numerals zero to nine, both normal you can have up to 90K of text in $249.95 and shifted, and the characters X, Y, memory simultaneously). and Z) to which you can assign defini-

Allwrite is an ASCII text editor and tions. You can define them to stand Easy to use? you can load, manipulate, and save to ***** for anything normally typed in from disk any ASCII file with Allwrite. If Good docs? ***** the keyboard, including commands, es- you have any files created by another Bug free? ***** cape sequences, control keys, words, word processor, Allwrite can use them phrases, and even other soft keys. Does the job? ***** as long as you save them to disk in To use one, you press the clear key ASCII format. and the appropriate soft key. Each

36 • 80 Micro, November 1984 I !

Please send me the Infocom interactive stories listed below. (I understand that all prices are effective as of September 1. 1984.) Sampler @ $7.95 _ DEADLINE" @ $49.95 ZORK" I (see note)" The WITNESS'*® $39.95

! ZORKII@$44.95 STARC ROSS"® $49.95 ZORK III $44.95 @ I I'LANETFALL'"® $39.95 ENCHANTER'"® $39.95 M SPENDEI)"® $49.95 ' I J SORCERER'"® $44.95 INFIDEI. «, SII.Hf.

"ZOKK I is available exclusively throuKti Rachu Stuck dealers

Please check one: i TRS-HO Model I I TRS-80 Model III

My age range (Please check the correct box):

U Under 6 D6-U 12-17 I 118-24 25 35 [J 36-49 D50 + Please indicate the payment method you chose. Make check payable to Infocom, Inc. (Please do not send cash.)

Check I 1 Money Order I MasterCard

I ) Visa D American Express Exp Date (Mo t fta

Card Number

• Total for games ordered:

• Add $2.00 for postage and handling for each game:

• For New York residents only, include sales tax:

• Total enclosed:

Name

Address

City

Slate Zip

Country, if not U s

Mail to: Infocom, Inc., CS6237, Farmingdale. NY 11735 80 I 12 PROBLEMS WITH THIS COUPON. BE FOREWARNED! Just because HERE'S WHERE YOUR PROBLEMS paced mysterv with time as we've made Infocom's REALLY BEGIN. The Infocom the enemy. PLANETFALL; soft- FOUR-IN-ONE sampler, excerpts the spectacular comedy of ware compatible with from four of the last frontier. yourTRS-80ModelIor Infocom's clas- STARCROSS," our astounding science Model III computer doesn't mean sic stories plus fiction mind-bender. SUSPENDED," your problems are over. a tutorial on the cryogenic nightmare on the edge In fact, they're really just begin- how to get involved. The ZORK' of the far future. INFIDEL," high ning. Because no other computer trilogy, Infocom's best-selling odys- adventure among the pyramids. software ""wesa&ar sey of treasure, challenge and high EVERYONE SHOULD HAVE SUCH challenges, adventure in the exotic and enchanted PROBLEMS. So fill out the coupon stimulates, world of the Underground and mail it right now. It's provokes Kingdom. ENCHANTER," going to lead to problems- and involves your imagination with the inception of a spellbind- we can't deny it. Ah, but quite the power-or the force— ing series in the Zorkian think of the fun. of interactive fiction. Once you've tradition. SORCERER," in which experienced it, you're you'll gain the power and cunning of A going to be hooked. a true sorcerer. Or else. inFocom The WITNESS; a /ORK cs a registered trademark of Infocom. Inc hard-boiled whodunit hPU.I INK. I In- WITNESS VIARcROSS. SUSPUNDED F'l.ANETrALL. ENCHANTER. INFIDEL md M>k( KRKR thriller of the thirties. are tradeuui l^ ul InfacoSfl, Inc. DEADLINE/ a fast- REVIEWS

soft key holds 22 characters, but if you shouldn't have to bother with the

that's not enough room you can call manual except for complex or little- one soft key from another, chaining Ifyou accidentally used features. The tutorial, while nice,

them together. The only disadvantage is almost unnecessary for all but the erase three lines, to the soft keys is also their advantage: true word processor novice. they accept every keystroke as a valid press the break key Allwrite lets you use all your print- command, including control keys, so er's features with a minimum of trou- and type WHOOPS if you make a mistake, you can't use ble, no matter how simple or complex. the backspace key to go back and fix to restore the text The table-of-contents and index the error. Instead, you must end the generation features are invaluable in on the screen to definition and restart it. preparing long documents or books, Allwrite also provides a command, its original condition. and they're limited only by your com- Whoops, that lets you recover from a puter's memory constraints. On my mistake. For example, if you've just machine, the maximum size of an in-

accidentally erased three lines, press- dex file is 35K, almost 15 pages of ing the break key and typing in double-column listings. And the table command line an extension of the pre- WHOOPS restores all the text on the of contents can be just as large. vious text. screen to its original condition. You Allwrite even supports the special The text formatter responds to 79 may lose some editing changes, but needs of the legal community, with commands, giving it unprecedented you'll recover the text you lost. This their "boilerplate" documents and flexibility. Not only do you have com- has saved me several times. However, unusual line numbering requirements. plete control over the margins, justifi- Whoops is limited to the text displayed Allwrite is a serious tool for the seri- cation, and standard formats in the on the screen, so anything that has ous writer. While it may be a bit pricey, document, you also have control over scrolled off, either up or down, can't it's worth every penny in improved things like embedding other files in the be recovered with this command. productivity and capabilities. document you're printing, appending Allwrite supports both manual and files into a long chain, establishing the automatic hyphenation. With manual parameters for true footnoting, pre- hyphenation, you set "soft" hyphens viewing the document on your video, in each word you expect to find at the changing line printer pitch, using Priced-Less Printers: end of a line, and the text formatter logical If. . .Then instructions to con- Three Radio Shack Entries uses this hyphen, if needed, to even trol printing sequences, and printing out the right margin or reduce the multiple columns of text on any by Beve Woodbury character spacing when using full jus- printer. and Mare-Anne Jarvela tification. The logical operations are a bit Automatic hyphenation uses Elec- complex and require some program- Shack recently introduced tric Webster's preprogrammed hy- Radio ming skill, but once you get the hang three new dot-matrix printers for phens to soft hyphenate every word in of them, they become indispensable. under $1,000. They are the DMP-110, your file. The soft hyphens aren't By using labels to define blocks of the DMP-120, and the DMP-420. printed unless the word needs to be text, you can use the logic operations While all three printers performed split between two lines. This is more to select which block you want to well, they differed in print quality and convenient than the manual method, print. You can set up a form letter for features offered. For instance, the and much more accurate since Electric dealing with delinquent accounts that DMP-110 had the poorest quality Webster marks only the correct posi- would change the body of a letter ac- print but provided some useful fea- tions for word breaks. The disadvan- cording to whether the recipient was tures like superscripting and subscript- tage is that it increases the size of your 30, 60, or 90 days overdue. This logic ing. On the other hand, the DMP-120 file by about 20 percent, but that's a selection is limited to integer numbers produced clear print, but lacked the small price to pay for neat text mar- in the range - 32768 to 32767. + 1 10's variety of print styles. gins and spacing in the finished docu- Allwrite can do all this because it We compared printing speed, print ment. formats each page of your document quality, and features for each print in before it starts printing. It RAM er. For a quick comparison, see Table Formatting knows just how many lines it will print Text 1 on p. 40. per page and the exact format of each You usually embed text formatting line before it sends the first character commands in the actual text of your to your printer. For multiple columns, document. You put them on a line by it lays out the page in memory exactly themselves, with each command start- 10 AS = TIMES

the way it'll appear on paper. = 1 ing with the semicolon. To get the 20 FOR K TO 50 30 LPRINT "TESTING FOR TIME"; commands on a separate line, you 40 NEXT K have to terminate the previous line of Summary 50 B$ = TIMES text with a carriage return, symbolized Allwrite is a professional system 60 LPRINT:LPRINT:LPRINT AS.BS by a backwards graphic "L." If the that sets a new standard in word pro- previous line isn't terminated with a cessing. It's powerful and easy to learn Figure. Printing speed test. carriage return, Allwrite considers the and use. The on-line help file means

38 • 80 Micro, November 1984 REVIEWS

Photo I. DMP-110. Photo 2. DMP-120. Photo 3. DMP-420.

The DMP-110 commands. In the word processing get the result we or the manual wanted. mode, a line feed advances the paper Could there be typos in the manual? instantly, which doesn't occur in the Even though we didn't have any luck This is the least expensive of Radio data processing mode. with free-form drawing, one nice fea- Shack's dot-matrix printers. It also The printer offers six different char- ture is that you can combine graphics produced the least readable print. acter fonts: standard, condensed, cor- with text. Physical Description and Set-up respondence-quality (double-strike), The first DMP-110 we received to proportionally spaced, italics, and review had a problem. The print head The $399 DMP-110 is one of the microfont. In addition, you can print would stick half-way through printing smallest printers Radio Shack offers the standard characters in two widths: a line, and you would have to tum the (4'/2 by I6I/2 by 12'/2 inches and weigh- normal, at 10 characters per inch (cpi), machine off and on to get it to unstick. ing about 12 lbs.). Like the DMP-120 and elite, at 12 cpi. You can also The replacement printer functioned and -420, the DMP-1 10 is ivory with a elongate (double the width of) any of perfectly. small black control panel. It accepts the character styles. The correspon- fan-fold (tractor-feed) or single-sheet dence-quality and proportionally The Documentation paper, no wider than 10 inches. spaced character sets include 64 spe- The manual is easy to follow and The DMP-110 is simple to set up cial and European characters. has several short programs to demon- and hooks up to a serial or parallel Boldfaced characters and underlin- strate printer features; we didn't have computer. The 1 10's input switch is on ing are available using certain trouble with any of them. A schematic the rear of the printer with the serial by con- diagram and a section called "If You input offering a choice of 600- or trol codes. The 1 10 also supports su- Have a Problem" round out the 1,200-baud operation. perscripting and subscripting, a handy feature that works well. manual. Specifications The graphics mode lets you position While it's an easy-to-use printer The DMP-110 functions in three the print head (a two-hammer system) with a variety of font styles, the different modes: data processing, where you want to print a dot on the DMP-110 is somewhat restrictive. The word processing, and graphics print- paper. The manual gives an example print is readable but doesn't quite ing. The data and word processing of "freehand drawing." But after en- measure up to the almost -letter-quali- modes work in a similar manner, the tering all the data (and there's a lot to ty print of the DMP-120 or DMP-420. only difference being in the line-feed enter, even for a small picture) we didn't It's the slowest of the three printers

DMP-110 DMP-120 DMP-420 *** *** ****

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80 Micro, November 1984 • 39 REVIEWS

and the graphics are limited to bit- cpi) and condensed (16.7 cpi) pitch. matrix only. The character printing mode also has If you're looking for more than this The DMP-120 lacks an elongated pitch for normal (5 cpi) in a printer, you should consider a and condensed (8.35 cpi) modes. Con- some features, but it's slightly more expensive one. While it trol codes provide underlining, but not does a decent job, the DMP-110 defi- better than the DMP-110. subscripts or superscripts. nitely has some limitations. The standard ASCII characters are available as well as a set of 30 block graphics and 25 European symbol The DMP-120 kinds of paper the DMP-120 accepts: codes. Be forewarned that these codes single-sheet, roll, and tractor-feed. are in a different order on the Model Quality of print makes the DMP- There is the choice of an 8-bit paral- 4P. POKE 16892,02 on the Model 4P

120 well worth the $100 over the lel interface or an 8-bit, 600 or 1,200 to put them in the correct order. DMP-110. The letters are crisp, clear, bits-per-second serial interface. You The bit graphics are printed with and come close to letter-quality. While can use this printer with all the TRS-80 clear, well-defined edges. The block the DMP-120 lacks several of the computers, including the Color Com- graphics set, according to the manual, DMP-110's features (such as different puters. "is not fully compatible with the print fonts), it's certainly the better screen graphics of any of the TRS-80 Specifications printer. computers; rather it is a unique char- Bidirectional carriage motion prints acter set." Physical Description and Set-up approximately 120 characters per sec- The Documentation This compact printer measures 5 by ond in standard pitch, 80 characters 16'/2 by 13 Yi inches and weighs about per line and 6, 8, or 12 lines per inch Most of the manual is clear and easy 16 pounds. If you use roll paper, the (computer-selectable). In a printing to understand, but it lacks an index, paper roll holder adds seven inches to test we ran (see the Program Listing), which would be helpful for reference.

the depth. You wouldn't call it a quiet the DMP-120 printed twice as fast as There are sections on care and main- printer, but you've probably heard a the DMP-110. tenance, troubleshooting, interfacing, lot louder ones. You have the option of two printing and a schematic diagram.

The set-up is quick and easy and di- modes: character printing for text, The manual does offer several small rections are clear and simple. Dia- and graphics mode for pictures or programs to demonstrate the use of grams and instructions step you graphs. You can print both on the the printer. Unfortunately, the ex- through loading each of the three same line and each has a normal (10 planations of just what the programs do are unclear. For example, the pro- gram on page 33 to demonstrate the use of bit graphics for drawings is pre- Specification DMP-110 DMP-120 DMP-420 sented in a confusing way and is out of

Price $399 $499.95 $999 order. Despite what the manual says, Weight 12 lbs. 16 lbs. 35 lbs. the end product is certainly not Paper: "worth the effort." And the program Fanfold Yes Yes Yes doesn't work correctly. A page of cor- Single-sheet Yes Yes Yes rections is available if you call Radio Roll No Yes No Shack customer service. But even with Serial Yes Yes Yes the corrections, we couldn't decipher Parallel Yes Yes Yes the picture. Speed* 23 seconds 12 seconds 7 seconds manual mentions that the seven Self-test No Yes Yes The Print fonts: vertical dots in a dot-column aren't Standard Yes Yes Yes numbered 1-7, but fails to mention Condensed Yes Yes Yes that they are numbered 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, Correspondence Yes No Yes 32, 64. The lack of explanation on use Proportional Yes No Yes of the graphics would be especially Yes No No Italic frustrating for a beginner attempting Microfont Yes No No to learn how to use the printer for Print modes: graphics applications. Data processing Yes Yes Yes The DMP-120 would be our choice Word processing Yes No Yes for a printer. While the graphics docu- Graphics Yes Yes Yes Super-/subscript Yes No Yes mentation is lacking, and it's a little Underline Yes Yes Yes disappointing to sacrifice super-/sub- Elongated Yes Yes Yes scripting and italics, it has excellent Boldface Yes No Yes print quality and the size and price are Right-Justify Yes No Yes attractive. It's comparable to the DMP-420 on a features/cost basis. Table 1. Comparison of the DMP-110, DMP-120, and DMP-420 printers.

Continued on p. 178

40 • 80 Micro, November 1984 T

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44 • 80 Micro, November 1984 Fourteen new commands enhance Level II Cassette Basic and use only 1.5K of RAM.

Basic Plus

by Robert Milazzo

asic Plus, a 1) and call it One, then assemble the HIMEM command to preserve some pumped-up ver- second section and call it Two (Pro- string space. sion of Level II gram Listing 2). CMD SAVE needs no argument Cassette Basic, and instructs the computer to save the gives you 14 new Loading the Program program that currently resides in Basic commands that not only en- Load Basic Plus using Basic's Sys- memory. You can't destroy programs hance conventional Basic, but operate tem command. First, set the memory saved in this manner with a New com- much faster than their Basic counter- size to 30999. After you load the two mand or a system reset. This is helpful parts. The Assembly-language pro- sections, type in /31000. This activates when you run Basic programs that gram uses only 1.5K of memory and Basic Plus's extra commands. If you contain machine-language subrou- runs on a 16K Model III. get an L3 error message when you try tines. By pressing the reset button to Basic Plus features a utility to re- to use Basic Plus, type in /31000 in the regain control when the program locks cover accidentally lost programs be- System mode to regain control. up, you delete the contents of RAM. cause of a system reset or execution of This forces you to CLOAD a copy, if a New command, improved USR and The Commands you have one. Using the Save com- Restore commands, and a simple set The syntax of these new commands mand lets you retrieve the program. of commands to activate and deacti- is easy once you learn it. You must CMD RENEW works with the Save vate the clock display and to provide a precede each new command with the command. To see how it works, type measured delay in a program. It also disk command CMD. The program in any short program, then type CMD provides a command that gives your activates this command so that you SAVE and press the enter key. Press Model III sound capability. can use non-disk systems without get- the reset button a few times, and enter Other features include multibyte ting an L3 error. Most commands and the Basic New command a few times PEEK and POKE commands, a com- most expressions accept both decimal as well. Normally, this wipes out your mand that sets memory size without and hexadecimal arguments. original listing. requiring a reboot, and a utility that CMD LOMEM &5O00 indicates However, with Basic Plus, you can removes all unnecessary spaces from when the computer should begin stor- type in CMD RENEW followed by programs. ing programs in RAM. In this exam- the Basic List command and retrieve Additionally, these commands ac- ple, storage begins at 5C00 hexadeci- your program. The only way to lose a cept both hexadecimal and decimal mal (hex). The Model III normally program in RAM is to turn off your operands. The program lets you speci- starts storing programs at 43E9 hex or computer. fy the starting point of Basic programs 17385 decimal. You can write the ad- While CMD GET &43E9,A,B,C,D anywhere in RAM—allowing you to dress in decimal or as an expression, and similar commands differ from or- use low RAM for Assembly-language such as CMD LOMEM 25700+ 100. dinary Basic commands, they are no programs. The ability to adjust the starting point more difficult to use. The Get com- of programs in RAM is useful when mand is equivalent to the Basic state- the Assembling Program using Basic disassemblers or machine- As a whole, Basic Plus is too large language programs that load into the to fit into a cassette-based assembler lower memory. portion of TheKeyBox all this I at once. To solve problem, CMD HIMEM &7F29 lets you an- LOAD SO split the program into two pieces, and swer the memory size prompt without Model provided the necessary equates to con- having to reboot the system. Again, m nect them. I used a method similar to you can use either decimal or hexadec- 16KRAM Gil Spencer's in the July 1981 issue of imal values. The HIMEM command Cassette Basic 80 Micro ("Enhance Your Level II lets you preserve high memory for Assembly Language Basic," p. 202). Assemble the first sec- machine-language programs. Always Editor/Assembler tion of the program (Program Listing enter a CLEAR 50 statement after the

80 Micro, November 1984 • 45 ments PEEK(17385) + PEEK (17386) CMD DELAY 15 instructs the is illegal because the lonely H$ has no 256 (43E9 hex is equal to 17385 deci- computer to do nothing for a user- string to switch with. mal). The total is returned in variables specified amount of time. It allows on- CMD USR 25000,HL=100,DE = A, B, C, and D. There is no limit to ly decimal constants or expressions, 3054,BC = 50,A = 255 RETURN X = the number of variables into which and you must limit the range of the ar- HL,Y = DE looks scary, but this com- you can put the 2-byte PEEK. As in all gument to between zero and 59 sec- mand is a great improvement over the of the other commands, you can use onds. The command, as shown above, weak Basic USR command. In fact, it both hexadecimal and decimal con- causes a 15-second delay. This is con- is the most powerful Basic command stants. The following example makes venient whenever you need a timing I've ever seen and will come in handy this command clear. loop in a program (saving you the for those of you who use machine-lan- trouble of having to use a For... guage subroutines. 10 A = 16526 20CMDGETA.X.Y Next loop). This command lets you pass up to CMD OPEN doesn't require any 1 1 values of a machine-language sub- This short program returns, in the parameters. It prints the time in hours, routine. After returning to Basic, the X and Y variables, the values stored in minutes, and seconds in the right-hand subroutine can return up to six values 16526 and 16527 in least significant corner of the video screen. To set the in the variables you specify. The Basic byte/most significant byte format. All clock, refer to the Model III reference USR command permits the passing of variables that receive the result of the manual. only one value to and from a machine- 2-byte PEEK are single-precision. CMD CLOSE requires no argu- language subroutine. Otherwise, a function error occurs. ments and works in conjunction with To study the command more close- The only other restriction on the the Open command to turn off the ly, make a call to the subroutine at lo- Get command is in its first argument. clock display. cation 25000 decimal—an arbitrary Basic Plus expects all of its first argu- CMD EX$ A$,B$ exchanges the number that is either an expression or ments in hexadecimal value to be four values of pairs of strings. This com- a hexadecimal constant. (Make sure characters long. Use leading zeros mand is useful in sorting programs that the hexadecimal constants are whenever necessary. CMD GET &234, that involve strings. There are no limi- four characters long.) A is not legal while CMD GET tations to the number of exchanges The program passes parameters to &0234.A is—since the first argument possible as long as they are in pairs. the routine by directly loading the var-

is a four-character expression. For example, CMD EX$ E$,B$,H$, ious register pairs. The command

795F FE52 00450 CP *R' Program Listing 1. Basic Phis, Part 1. 7961 CAAA7C 00460 JP Z, RENEW 7964 FEA2 00470 CP 162 7966 CACF79 00480 JP 2 .OPEN 7918 00100 ORG 31000 7969 C39719 00490 JP 1997K 00101 jPROGRAM LISTING ONE 796C FEA5 00500 TABLE3 CP 165 00102 ; COPYRIGHT 796E CA767A 00510 JP Z.PUT 00103 ; ROBERT MILAZZO 7971 FEAD 00520 CP 173 00104 ;3604 LIGHTHOUSE AVE 7973 CA8C7C 00530 JP Z.SAVE 00105 ;LAS VEGAS, NEVADA 89110 7976 FEA6 00540 CP 166 7C1B 00110 SOUND EQU 7C1BH 7978 CAC079 00550 JP Z, CLOSE 7C8C 00120 SAVE EQU 7C8CH 797B FEB6 00560 CP 182 7CAA 00130 RENEW EQU 7CAAH 797D CADF7A 00570 JP Z. DELETE 7D33 00140 USR EQU 7D33H 7980 FECI 00580 CP 193 7F47 00150 GET EQU 7F47H 7982 CA337D 00590 JP Z.USR 7918 212179 00160 LD HL.LOOP1 7985 C39719 00600 JP 1997H 791B 227441 00170 LD (16756) ,HL 7988 7E 00610 CHKSPC LD A, (HL) 791E C3EF1A 00180 JP 1AEFH 7989 FE20 00620 CP 32 7921 7E 00190 LOOP1 LD A,(HL) 798B CO 00630 RET NZ 7922 23 00200 INC HL 798C 23 00640 INC HL 7923 FE20 00210 CP 32 798D 18F9 00650 JR CHKSPC 7925 28FA 00220 JR Z.LOOP1 798F 23 00660 EXCH INC HL 7927 FE4F 00230 CP '0' 7990 23 00670 AGAIN INC HL 7929 FA3979 00240 JP M,TABLE1 7991 CD8879 00680 CALL CHKSPC 792C FEA5 00250 CP 165 7994 CD0D26 00690 CALL 260DH 792E FA5079 00260 JP M,TABLE2 7997 D5 00700 PUSH DE 7931 FEFA 00270 CP 250 7998 23 00710 INC HL 7933 FA6C79 00280 JP H,TABLE3 7999 CD8879 00720 CALL CHKSPC 7936 C39719 00290 JP 1997H 799C CD0D26 00730 CALL 260DH 7939 FE45 00300 TABLE1 CP 'E' 799F E5 00740 PUSH HL 793B CA8F79 00310 JP Z.EXCH 79A0 DDE1 00750 POP IX 793E FE44 00320 CP 'D' 79A2 El 00760 POP HL 7940 CA947B 00330 JP Z. DELAY 79A3 0603 00770 LD B,3 7943 FE4C 00340 CP 'L' 79A5 4E 007 80 SWAP LD C,(HL) 7945 CADE79 00350 JP Z.LOMEM 79A6 1A 00790 LD A,(DE) 7948 FE48 00360 CP 'H' 79A7 77 00800 LD (HL) .A 794A CAB37B 00370 JP Z.HIMEM 79A8 79 00810 LD A,C 794D C39719 00380 JP 1997H 79A9 12 00820 LD (DE) ,A 7950 FE53 00390 TABLE2 CP 'S' 79AA 23 00830 INC HL 7952 CA1B7C 00400 JP Z, SOUND 79AB 13 00840 INC DE 7955 FEA4 00410 CP 164 79AC 10F7 00850 DJNZ SWAP 7957 CA477F 00420 JP Z.GET 79AE DDE5 00860 PUSH IX 795A FE90 00430 CP 144 79B0 El 00870 POP HL 795C CA4C7B 00440 JP Z.RESTOR 79B1 CD8879 00880 CALL CHKSPC

Listing I continued

46 • 80 Micro, November 1984 ,

loads the HL register pair with the In the example given, the X variable POKE either decimal or hexadecimal value of 100 decimal, the BC register has the value of the DE register pair, values into successive memory loca- pair with 50 decimal, and the accumu- and the Y variable has the value of the tions. As written here, the command lator (the A register) with 255 dec- HL register pair. You can receive the POKEs the values of 191 decimal into imal—another arbitrary number. The values of the HL, DE, BC, IX, IY, locations 3C00, 3C01, 3C02, and routine sets any register pair not as- and A registers and put them into any 3C03 hexadecimal. signed a value to zero. Basic variable as long as the variable is The following variation of the com- CMD USR lets you directly load the single-precision. If one of the receiving mand is also legal: CMD PUT 15360, HL, DE, BC, IX, IY, and A registers variables is not single-precision, you'll &FF FF FF FF. This variant POKEs with any value you want. After pass- get an error message. locations 15360-15363 decimal with

ing all parameters and making a call to The command is flexible with its hexadecimal value FF (255 decimal). the machine-language subroutine, the many possible variations. If you don't The only difference between hexadeci- first part of CMD USR is complete. want to receive any values, you can mal and decimal is the absence of a Unlike the Basic USR command, you pass them using the statement CMD comma between the hex values. All need not worry about putting the ad- USR 25000, HL = &0235. To receive hexadecimal values must be in pairs; dress of the subroutine in locations values, use CMD USR 25000 RE- write 13 in hexadecimal as 0C, not just 16526 and 16527. TURN U = DC. This assigns the Basic C. Entries not written in pairs produce To return to the Basic program that variable U with the value of the IX an error message. called the subroutine, use a return register pair. Although this command You don't have to put spaces be-

command (RET in Assembly lan- simply calls a subroutine with CMD tween hex constants; I use them only guage) as the subroutine's last line. USR &01C9, remember you always for clarity. An expression such as Once the computer finds the return pass values to the subroutine due to CMD PUT &3C000, A,B,C,D,X is le-

instruction, it passes control to the sec- the fact that any register pair not given gal as long as the variables A, B, C, D, ond part of the CMD USR command a value automatically has the value of and X are fewer than 256 bytes long. If (following the return statement in that zero before you make the call. they are larger, an error message command). You can directly load the results. More Z80 register pairs with any variables Commands This command is useful for doing

you want here. This is how Basic Plus CMD PUT &3C00, 191 , 191 , 191 such things as POKEing entire ma- passes parameters back to Basic. 191 is a multibyte POKE that lets you chine-language programs into memo-

Listing I continued

79B4 FE2C 00890 CP , , 7A06 FE3A 01310 CP ':• 79B6 28D8 00900 JH Z. AGAIN 7A08 2806 01320 JR Z, LOEND ' 79B8 FE3A 00910 CP ' : 7A0A B7 01330 OR A 79BA C8 00920 RET Z 7A0B 2803 01340 JR Z, LOEND 79BB B7 00930 OR A 7A0D C39719 01350 JP 1997H 79BC C8 00940 RET Z 7A10 CD491B 01360 LOEND CALL 1B49H 79BD C39719 00950 JP 1997H 7A13 C3EF1A 01370 JP 1AEFH 79C0 CD8879 00960 CLOSE CALL CHKSPC 7A16 0602 01380 HEX4 LD B,2 79C3 CDA102 00970 CALL 2A1H 7A18 1802 01390 JR PROG 79C6 7E 00980 LD A, (HL) 7A1A 0601 01400 HEX2 LD B,l

' ' DE, HEXMSB 79C7 FE3A 00990 CP : 7A1C 114A7A 01410 PROC LD 79C9 C8 01000 RET Z 7A1F 23 01420 PROG1 INC HL 79CA B7 01010 OR A 7A20 CD8879 01430 CALL CHKSPC 79CB C8 01020 RET Z 7A23 D630 01440 SUB 30H 79CC C39719 01030 JP 19 97H 7A25 FE0A 01450 CP 10 79CF CD8879 01040 OPEN CALL CHKSPC 7A27 3802 01460 JR C.HEX5 79D2 CD9802 01050 CALL 29811 7A29 D607 01470 SUB 7 79D5 7E 01060 LD A, (HL) 7A2B CB27 01480 HEX5 SLA A

' ' A 79D6 FE3A 01070 CP : 7A2D CB27 01490 SLA 79D8 C8 01080 RET Z 7A2F CB27 01500 SLA A 79D9 B7 01090 OR A 7A31 CB27 01510 SLA A 79DA C8 01100 RET Z 7A33 F5 01520 PUSH AF 79DB C39719 01110 JP 1997K 7A34 23 01530 INC HL 79DE 23 01120 LOHEH ItiC HL 7A35 CD8879 01540 CALL CHKSPC 79DF 23 01130 INC HL 7A38 D630 01550 SUB 30H 79E0 23 01140 INC HL 7A3A FE0A 01560 CP 10 79E1 DO 01145 NOP 7A3C 3802 01570 JR C.HEX6 79E2 00 01146 NOP 7A3E D607 01580 SUB 7 79E3 CD8879 01150 CALL CHKSPC 7A40 4F 01590 HEX6 LD C,A 79E6 FE26 01160 CP '&' 7A41 Fl 01600 POP AF 79E8 2009 01170 JR NZ.LDEC 7A42 81 01610 ADD A,C 79EA CD167A 01180 CALL HEX4 7A43 12 01620 LD (DE) ,A 79ED ED5B497A 01190 LD DE, (HEXLSB) 7A44 IB 01630 DEC DE 79F1 1809 01200 JR PROC 7A45 10D8 01640 DJNZ PROG1 79F3 CD3723 01210 LDEC CALL 2337H 7A47 23 01650 INC HL 79F6 E5 01220 PUSH HL 7A48 C9 01660 RET 79F7 CD4B7A 01230 CALL BINARY 7A49 00 01670 HEXLSB DEFB 7 9FA EB 01240 EX DE,HL 7A4A 00 01680 HEXMSB DEFB 79FB El 01250 POP HL 7A4B 3AAF40 01690 BINARY LD A, (40AFH) 79FC ED53A440 01260 PBOC LD (16548) ,DE 7A4E FE02 01700 CP 2 7A0O IB 01270 DEC DE 7A50 2820 01710 JR Z,INT 7A01 AF 01280 XOR A 7A52 FE03 01720 CP 3 7A02 12 01290 LD (DE) ,A 7A54 CAF80A 01730 JP Z,0AF8K 7A03 CD8879 01300 CALL CHKSPC 7A57 3A2441 01740 LD A, (4124H)

Listing continued

80 Micro, November 1984 • 47 ry. It's much faster than using For... ber 4 on the screen. As with the other FF AD 08 65 6F is also legal. This Next loops and data statements. Other commands, CMD Restore supports command has a duration of 275 deci- uses include setting memory to zero expressions. This command doesn't mal and plays the notes 3C, FF, AD, and whiting-out the screen. permit hexadecimal positions greater 08, 65, and 6F hex. CMD DELETE is simple to under- than 255. CMD RESTORE 100,300 is All hexadecimal notes must be in

stand since it requires no returns or illegal since it specifies a position in groups of two characters. Variables

operands. It simply removes all unnec- line 100 that exceeds the limits of the represent either the duration or the essary spaces and line feeds from com- command. notes, as long as they don't exceed the pleted Basic programs. This sort of CMD SOUND &0642,191,191,191, specified ranges. compression saves memory and tape, 65 lets your computer emit simple Precautions and speeds up program execution. sounds through an amplifier hooked In Level II Basic, the Restore com- up to the cassette jack. The Sound After you use the CMD Renew mand sets the data pointer to the first command's syntax is exactly the same command, run the restored program data statements, letting a program use as that of CMD Put, except that the before you do anything else. This fixes the same data again. Although this is parameters stand for different things. several of the variable pointer tables useful, CMD RESTORE 10,5 gives The first parameter follows necessary for the correct operation of you control of the pointer and allows SOUND (in hexadecimal) and repre- many other commands. Failure to results in crash- you to set it to the data statement you sents the durations of the subsequent take this required step want. four notes. Durations can last from 1 es and hang-ups. The first parameter sets the data to 65535, and you can express them A word of warning: This program is pointer at the beginning of line 10; the with either decimal or hexadecimal unforgiving concerning syntax errors. second parameter sets the data pointer values. Here, too, you can use vari- Unlike Level II Basic, the error mes- to the fifth bit of data in line 10. For ables as long as they are within the pre- sages are not comprehensive. Go back example: scribed range. The higher the numeri- to the rules for answers to persistent cal value of the duration, the longer errors. 10 DATA 1,2,3,4,5,6 each of the notes plays. 20 CMD RESTORE 10,4 The next four values decimally rep- Write to Robert Milazzo at 3604 30 READ A:PRINT A resent the notes and can range from Lighthouse Ave., Las Vegas, NV This short program prints the num- zero to 255. CMD SOUND 275, &3C 89110.

Listing I continued

7A5A FE90 01750 CP 144 7AB9 B7 02190 OR A 7A5C 2805 01760 Jp Z.BINAR1 7ABA C8 02200 RLT Z 7A5E 3812 01770 JR C,INT 7ABB FD23 02210 INC IY 7A60 C3B207 01780 JP 7B2H 7ABD 18ED 02220 JR PUTSTR 7A63 3A2141 01790 BINAR1 LD A, (4121H) 7ABF CD3723 0223 PUTNUH CALL 233711 7A66 B7 01800 OR A 7AC2 E5 02240 PUSH HL 7A67 C2B207 01810 JP NZ.7B2H 7AC3 CD7F0A 02250 CALL 0A7FII 7A6A 2A2241 01820 LD HL,(4122H) 7AC6 7C 02260 LD A , H 7A6D 110080 01830 LD DE, 32768 7AC7 B7 02270 OR A 7A70 19 01840 ADD HL,DE 7AC8 C24A1E 02280 JP NZ.1E4AH .1. 7A71 C9 01850 RET 7ACB FD7500 02290 1 D (IY+0) 7A72 CD7F0A 01860 INT CALL 0A7FH 7ACE El 02300 POP HI. 7A75 C9 01870 RET 7ACF 7E 02310 LD A, (ill.) 1 ' 7A76 00 01880 PUT NOP 7AD0 FE3A 02320 CP : 7A77 CD8879 01890 CALL CHKSPC 7AD2 C8 02330 RET Z 7A7A FE26 01900 CP ' i' 7AD3 B7 02340 OR A 7A7C 2011 01910 JR NZ. PUTDEC 7AD4 C8 02350 RLT Z ' ' 7A7E CD167A 01920 CALL HEX4 7AD5 FE2C 02360 CP , 7A81 FD2A497A 01930 LD IY, (HEXLSB) 7AD7 C29719 02370 JP NZ. 19971! 7A85 CD8879 01940 CALL CHKSPC 7ADA FD23 02380 INC IY 1 7 23 INC HI, 7A88 FE2C 01950 CP f ADC 02390 7A8A 2814 01960 JR Z.PUT2 7ADD 18E0 02400 JR PUTNUH 7A8C C39719 01970 JP 1997H 7ADF 2AF940 02410 DELETE LD HL, (16633) 7A8F CD3723 01980 PUTDEC CALL 2337H 7AE2 ED4BA440 02420 LD BC# (16548) 7A92 E5 01990 PUSH HL 7AE6 03 02430 IN"C BC 7A93 7E 02000 LD A,(HL) 7AE7 03 02440 INC BC ' • 7AE8 03 02450 INC BC 7A94 FE2C 02010 CP f 7A96 C29719 02020 JP NZ.1997H 7AE9 03 02460 INC BC 7A99 CD4B7A 02030 CALL BINARY 7AEA C5 02470 PUSH BC 7A9C E5 02040 PUSH HL 7AEB Dl 02480 POP DE 7A9D FDEl 02050 POP IY 7AEC B7 02490 OR A 7A9F El 02060 POP HL 7AED ED42 02500 SBC HL,BC 7AA0 23 02070 PUT2 INC HL 7AEF E5 02510 PUSH HL 7AA1 CD8879 02080 CALL CHKSPC 7AF0 CI 02520 POP BC

' ' 7AA4 FE26 02090 CP t. 7AF1 D5 02530 PUSH DE 7AA6 2017 02100 JR HZ.PUTNUH 7AF2 El 02540 POP HL 7AA8 23 02110 INC HL 7AF3 03 02550 INC BC 7AA9 CD8879 02120 CALL CHKSPC 7AF4 7E 02560 DLOOP LD A,(HL) 7AAC CDE07B 02130 PUTSTR CALL HEXSTR 7AF5 FE0A 02570 CP 10 7AAF FD7700 02140 LD (IY+0) ,A 7AF7 CC407B 02580 CALL Z,D4 32 7AB2 23 02150 INC HL 7AFA FE20 02590 CP Z,D4 7AB3 CD8879 02160 CALL CHKSPC 7AFC CC407B 02600 CALL 7AB6 FE3A 02170 CP 7AFF FE22 P2610 CP 34 Z,D1 7AB8 C8 02180 RET Z 7B01 CC227B 02620 CALL

Listing I continued

46 • 80 Micro, November 1984 Give The Cleat Choice in TRS-80 Magazines

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Listing 1 continued

, 7B04 FE88 02630 CP 136 7B87 ED53FF40 03470 RESTEN LD (16639) ,DE 7B06 CC397B 02640 CALL Z.D3 7B8B 7E 03480 LD A, (HL) 1 • 7B09 FE93 02650 CP 147 7B8C FE3A 03490 CP : 7B0B CC397B 02660 CALL Z.D3 7B8E C8 03500 RET Z 7B0E B7 02670 OR A 7B8F B7 03510 OR A 7B0F CC2E7B 02680 CALL Z.D2 7B90 C8 03520 RET Z 7B12 EDA0 02690 LDI 7B91 C39719 03530 JP 1997H 7B14 EAF47A 02700 JP PE,DLOOP 7B94 00 03540 DELAY NOP 7B17 CDF81A 02710 CALL 1AF8H 7B95 23 03550 INC HL 7B1A 23 02720 INC HL 7B96 23 03560 INC HL

7B1B 23 02730 INC HL 7B97 23 03570 INC II

7B1C 22F940 02740 LD (16633) ,HL 7B98 23 03580 INC II 7B1F C3EF1A 02750 JP 1AEFH 7B99 AF 03590 XOR A 7B22 EDAO 02760 Dl LDI 7B9A 321742 03600 LD (16919) ,A 7B24 7E 02770 LD A,(HL) 7B9D CD1C2B 03610 CALL 2B1CH 7B25 B7 02780 OR A 7BA0 FE3C 03620 CP 60 7B26 CA4A1F. 02790 JP Z.1E4AH 7BA2 D24A1E 03630 JP NC,1E4AH 7B29 FE22 02800 CP '" 7BA5 47 03640 LD B,A 7B2B 20F5 02810 JR NZ.D1 7BA6 3A1742 03650 DELAY LD A, (16919) 7B2D C9 0282G RET 7BA9 B8 03660 CP B 7U2E EDAO 02830 D2 LDI 7BAA C8 03670 RET Z 7B30 EDAO 02840 LDI 7BAB 3A4038 03680 LD A, (38401!) 7B32 EDAO 02850 LDI 7BAE FE04 03690 CP 4 7U34 EDAO 02860 LDI 7BB0 C8 03700 RET Z 7B36 E8 02870 RET PE 7BB1 18F3 03710 JR DELAY 7B37 03 02880 INC BC 7BB3 23 03720 HIMEM IMC HL 7B3B C9 02890 RET 7BB4 23 03730 INC HL 7B39 EDAO 02900 D3 I.DI 7BB5 23 03740 INC ML 7B3H 7E 02910 LD A, (HL) 7BB6 00 03745 NOP 7B3C 137 02920 OR A 7BB7 00 03746 NOP 7B3D 20FA 0293"0 JR NZ,D3 7BB8 CD8879 03750 CALL CHKSPC '&' 7B3F C9 02940 RfcT 7BBB FE26 03760 CP 7H40 23 02950 D4 INC HL 7BBD 2016 03770 JR NZ. HINUH 7B41 OB 02960 DEC BC 7BBF CD167A 03780 CALL 11 EX 4 7B42 7E 02970 LD A,(HL) 7BC2 ED5B497A 03790 LD DE, (HEXLSB) 7B43 FE20 02980 CP 32 7BC6 ED53B140 03800 HIEND LD (16561) ,DE 7B45 2bF9 02990 JR Z,D4 7BCA CD8879 03810 CALL CHKSPC : 7B47 FEOA 03000 CP 10 7BCD FE3A 03820 CP ' 7B49 28F5 03010 JR Z.D4 7BCF C8 03830 RET z 7B4B C9 03020 RET 7BD0 B7 03840 OR A 7B4C CD3723 03030 RESTOR CALL 2337H 7BD1 C8 03850 RET Z 7B4F E5 03040 PUSH HL 7BD2 C39719 03860 JP 1997H 7B50 CD4B7A 03050 CALL BINARY 7BD5 CD3723 03870 HINUH CALL 2337H 7B53 EB 03060 EX DE.HL 7BD8 E5 03880 PUSH HL 7E54 CD2C1B 03070 CALL 1B2CH 7BD9 CD4B7A 03890 CALL BINARY 7B57 D24A1E 03080 JP NC, It: All 7BDC EB 03900 EX DE.HL 7B5A El 03090 POP HL 7BDD El 03910 POP HL 7B5B OB 03095 DEC BC 7BDE 18E6 03920 JR HIEND 7B5C C5 03100 PUSH BC 7BE0 7E 03930 HEXSTR LD A, (HI,) 7B5D CF 03110 RST 8 7BE1 D630 03940 SUB 30H 7B5E 2C 03120 DEFB • 7BE3 FEOA 03950 CP 10 7B5K CD3723 03130 CALL 2337H 7BE5 3807 03960 JR C»HEXNUH 7B62 E5 03140 PUSH HL 7BE7 FEU 03970 CP 11H 7B63 CD7F0A 03150 CALL 0A7FH 7BE9 DA4A1E 03980 JP C.1E4AH 7B66 7C 03160 LD A,H 7BEC D607 03990 SUB 7 7B67 B7 03170 OR A 7BEE CB27 04000 HEXNUH SLA A 7B68 C24A1E 03180 JP NZ.1E4AH 7BF0 CB27 04010 SLA A 7BF2 CB27 04020 SLA A 7B6B 7D 03190 LD A, I. 7B6C El 03200 POP HL 7BF4 CB27 04030 SLA A 7B6D Dl 03210 POP DE 7BF6 47 04040 LD B,A 7B6E B7 03220 OR A 7BF7 23 04050 INC HL 7BF8 CD8879 04060 CALL CHKSPC 7B6F 2816 03230 J P. Z. RESTED A 7B71 FE01 03240 CP 1 7BFB B7 04070 OR 7B73 2812 03250 JR Z.RESTEN 7BFC CA4A1E 04080 JP Z.1E4AH 1 ' 7B75 3D 03280 REST1 DEC A 7BFF FE3A 04090 CP : 7B76 47 03290 LD B,A 7C01 CA4A1E 04100 JP Z.1E4AH 7B77 13 03300 INC .DE 7C04 D630 04110 SUB 30H 7B78 13 03310 INC DE 7C06 FEOA 04120 CP 10 7B79 13 03320 INC DE 7C08 3807 04130 JR CHEXMU2 7B7A 13 03330 INC DE 7C0A FE11 04140 CP 11H 7B7B 13 03400 REST3 INC DE 7C0C DA4A1E 04150 JP C1E4A11 7B7C 1A 03410 LD A, (DE) 7C0F D607 04160 SUB 7 7B7D B7 03420 OR A 7C11 80 04170 HEXNU2 ADD A,B 7B7E CA4A1E 03430 JP Z.1E4AH 7C12 C9 04180 RET 7B81 FE2C 03440 CP 0000 04190 END 7B83 20F6 03450 JR NZ.REST3 00000 Total Errors 7B85 10F4 03460 DJNZ REST3

End

Program Listing 2. Basic Plus, Part 2. 79B8 00160 CHKSPC EQU 798811 7A16 00170 HEX4 EQU 7A16H 7A49 00180 HEXLSB EQU 7A49H 7A4B 00190 BINARY EQU 7A4BH 7C1B 00100 ORG 7C1BH 7BE0 00200 HEXSTR EQU 7BE01I 00110 .-PROGRAM LISTING 2 7C1B 23 00210 SOUND INC HL 00120 .-COPYRIGHT 7C1C 23 00220 INC HL 00130 .-ROBERT HILAZZO 7C1D 23 00230 INC HL 00140 ,-3604 LIGHTHOUSE' AVE 7C1E 23 00240 INC HL 00150 ,-LAS VEGAS, NEVADA 89110 7C1F CD8879 00250 CALL CHKSPC

Listing 2 continued

50 • 80 Micro, November 1984 .

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Listing 2 continued

7C22 FE26 00260 CP '4 ' 7D46 ED53407F 01220 LD (IYVAL) .DE 7C24 203C 00270 JR NZ, SONDEC 7D4A AF 01230 XOK A 7C26 CD167A 00280 CALL HEX4 7D4B 32427F 01240 LD (AVAL) .A 7C29 00 00290 NOP 7D4E CD8879 01250 CALL CHKSPC 7C2A CF 00300 RST 8 7D51 FE26 01260 CP 'i ' ' 7C2B 2C 00310 DEFB , 7D53 200D 01270 JR NZ, USRNUM 7C2C ED5B497A 00320 LD DE, (HEXLSB) 7D55 CD167A 01280 CALL HEX4 7C30 ED538A7C 00330 LD (DURAT) .DE 7D58 ED5B497A 01290 LD DE, (HEXLSB) 7C34 CD8879 00340 SONCON CALL CHKSPC 7D5C ED531E7E 01300 LD (USRJUM) ,DE 7C37 FE26 00350 CP 'i ' 7D60 180B 01310 JR TOVAR 7C39 2816 00360 JR Z, SONHEX 7D62 CD3723 01320 USRNUM CALL 2337H 7C3B CD3723 00370 SONNUM CALL 2337H 7D65 E5 01330 PUSH HL 7C3E E5 00380 PUSH HL 7D66 CD4B7A 01340 CALL BINARY 7C3F CD7F0A 00390 CALL 0A7FH 7D69 221E7E 01350 LD (USRJUM) .HL

7C42 7D 00400 LD A,L 7D6C El 01360 POP II 7C43 El 00410 POP HL 7D6D CD8H79 01370 TOVAR CALL CHKSPC

' 7C44 CD717C 00420 CALL SOUND1 7D70 FE3A 01380 CP ' : 7C47 7E 00430 LD A, (HL) 7D72 CA047E 01390 JP Z. USREND ' ' 7C48 FE3A 00440 CP : 7D75 C7 01400 OR A 7C4A C8 00450 RET Z 7D76 CA047L 01410 JP Z. USREND 7C4B B7 00460 OR A 7D79 FE92 01420 CP 146 7C4C C8 00470 RET Z 7D7B CA047E 01430 JP Z. USREND 7C4D CF 00480 RST 8 7D7t. CF 01440 RST 8 1 ' 7C4E 2C 00490 DEFB , 7D7F 2C 01450 DF.FB 1 . 7C4F 18EA 00500 JR SONNUM 7D80 CD8879 01460 CALL CHKSPC 7C51 23 00510 SONHEX INC HL 7D83 FF.48 01470 CP 'H' 7C52 CD8879 00520 CALL CHKSPC 7D85 2813 01480 JR Z. USRHL 1 ' 7C55 FE3A 00530 CP : 7D87 FE42 01490 CP 'B' 7C57 C8 00540 RET Z 7D89 2827 01500 JR Z, USRBC 7C58 B7 00550 OR A 7D8B FE44 01510 CP 'D' 7C59 C8 00560 RET Z 7D8D 2817 01520 JR Z.USRDl 7C5A CDE07B 00570 CALL HEXSTR 7D8P FE41 81530 CP 'A' 7C5D CD717C 00580 CALL SOUND1 7D91 282B 01540 J P. Z.USRA 7C60 18EF 00590 JR SONHEX 7D93 FE49 01550 CP •I' 7C62 CD3723 00600 SONDEC CALL 2337H 7D95 2831 01560 JH Z.USRI 7C65 E5 00610 PUSH HL 7D97 C39719 01570 JP 1997H 7C66 CD4B7A 00620 CALL BINARY 7D9A 2 3 01580 USRHL INC HL 7C69 228A7C 00630 LD (DURAT) ,HL 7D9B CF 01590 RST 8 7C6C El 00640 POP HL 7D9C 4C 01600 DEFB •l' 7C6D CF 00650 RST 8 7D9D Ci)E97D 01610 CALL USRVAL • ' 7C6E 2C 00660 DEFB , 7DA0 ED53387F 01620 LD (HLVAL) ,DE 7C6F 18C3 00670 JR SONCON 7DA4 18C7 01630 JR TOVAR 7C71 4F 00680 SOUND1 LD C,A 7DA6 23 01640 USRDE INC HL 7C72 ED5B8A7C 00690 LD DE, (DURAT) 7DA7 CF 01650 RST 8 7C76 47 00700 SON1 LD B,A 7DA8 45 01660 DEFB 'E' 7C77 3E01 00710 LD A,l 7DA9 CDE97D 01670 CALL USRVAL 7C79 D3FF 00720 OUT (255) ,A 7DAC LD533A7F 01680 LD (DEVAL) ,DE 7C7B 10FE 00730 SON2 DJNZ SON 2 7DB0 18BB 01690 JR TOVAR 7C7D 41 00740 LD B,C 7DB2 23 01700 USRBC IMC HL 7C7E 3C 00750 INC A 7DB3 CF 01710 RST 6 7C7F D3FF 00760 OUT (255) ,A 7DB4 43 01720 DEFB 'C 7C81 10FE 00770 SON3 DJNZ SON 3 7DB5 CDE97D 01730 CALL USRVAL 7C83 IB 00780 DEC DE 7DB8 ED533C7F 01740 LD (BCVAL) ,DE 7C84 7A 00790 LD A,D 7DBC 18AF 01750 JR TOVAR 7C85 B3 00800 OR E 7DBE 23 01760 USRA INC HL 7C86 C8 00810 RET Z 7DBF CDE97D 01770 CALL USRVAL 7C87 79 00820 LD A,C 7DC2 7B 01780 LD A,E 7C88 18EC 00830 JR sota 7DC3 32427F 01790 LD. (AVAL) ,A 7C8A 0000 00840 DURAT DEFW 0000 7DC6 18A5 01800 JR TOVAR 7C8C E5 00850 SAVE PUSH HL 7DC8 23 01810 USRI INC HL

7C8D 2AA440 00860 LD HL, ( 16548) 7DC9 CD8879 01820 CALL CHKSPC 7C90 11CB7C 00870 LD DE, BUFFER 7DCC FE58 01830 CP 'X' 7C93 016400 00880 LD I1C, 100 7DCE 23 01840 INC HL 7C96 EDBO 00890 LDIi' 7DCF 280E 01650 JR Z.USRX yl 7C98 2AF940 00900 LD HL, (40F9II) 7DD1 FE59 01860 CP 7C9B 22317D 00910 LD (SAVEND) ,IIL 7DD3 C29719 01870 JP NZ.1997H 7C9E El 00920 POP HL 7DD6 CDE97D 01880 CALL USRVAL 7C9F CD8879 00930 CALL CHKSPC 7DD9 ED53407F 01890 LD (IYVAL) .DE ' ' 7CA2 FE3A 00940 CP : 7DDD 188E 01900 JR TOVAR 7CA4 C8 00950 RET Z 7DDF CDE97D 01910 USRX CALL USRVAL 7CA5 B7 00960 OR A 7DE2 ED533E7F 01920 LD (IXVAL) ,DE 7CA6 C8 00970 RLT z 7DE6 C36D7D 01930 JP TOVAR 7CA7 C39719 00980 JP 199711 7DE9 CP 01940 USRVAL RST 8 7CAA 23 00990 RENEW INC HL 7DEA D5 01950 DEFB 213 7CAB 23 01000 INC HL 7DEB CD8879 01960 CALL CHKSPC 7CAC E5 01010 PUSH HL 7DEE FE26 01970 CP '4' 7CAD 21CB7C 01020 LD ML, BUFFER 7DF0 2008 01960 JR NZ. USRDEC 7CB0 ED5BA440 01030 LD DE, (16548) 7DF2 CD167A 01990 CALL HEX4 7CB4 016400 01040 LD BC . 10 7DF5 F.D5B497A 02000 LD DE, (HEXLSB) 7CB7 EDB0 01050 LDIR 7DF9 C9 02010 RET 7CB9 2A317D 01060 LD HL, (SAVEND) 7DFA CD3723 02020 USRDEC CALL 2337H 7CBC 22F940 01070 LD (40F9II) ,HL 7DFD E5 02030 PUSH HL 7CBF El 01080 POP HL 7DFE CD4B7A 02040 CALL BINARY 7CC0 CD8879 01090 CALL CHKSPC 7E01 EB 02050 EX DE,HL ' ' 7CC3 FE3A 01100 CP : 7E02 El 02060 POP HL 7CC5 C8 01110 RET Z 7E0 3 C9 02070 RFT 7CC6 B7 01120 OR A 7E04 22437F 02080 USREND LD (POSIT) ,HL 7CC7 C8 01130 RET Z 7E07 2A387F 02090 LD HL, (HLVAL) 7CC8 C39719 01140 JP 1997H 7L0A ED4B3C7t 02100 LD BC, (BCVAL) 0066 01150 BUFFER DEFS 102 7E0L ED5B3A7I 02110 LD DE, (DEVAL) 7D31 0000 01160 SAVEND DEFW 0000 7E12 DD2A3F-7F 02120 LD IX, (IXVAL) 7D33 110000 01170 USR LD DE,0 7E16 FD2A407t 02130 LD IY, ( IYVAL) 7D36 ED53387F 01180 LD (HLVAL) .DE 7E1A 3A427F 02140 LD A, (AVAL) 7D3A ED533A7F 01190 LD (DEVAL) ,DE 7E1D CD 02150 DEFB 0CDH 7D3E ED533C7F 01200 LD (BCVAL) ,DE 7E1E 00 02160 USRJUH DEFB 7D42 ED533E7F 01210 LD (IXVAL) ,DE 7E1F 00 02170 DEFB

Listing 2 •onltnued

52 • 80 Micro, November 1984 B.T. SPECIALS MODEL 4 SUPER DISK UPGRADE LET BT. BUILD A SYSTEM I Controller Board. D/D and D/S FOR YOU! Ejhtj^H ^j 40/80 • 8" Drives. Sound Board. IB Bi-Tech i.^L.^L.^H LflH Nameplate. Switching Power MULTIPLEXERS Supply. Installation Kit with Bi-Tech detailed instruction manual HARD DISKS w 64K MEMORY and button .... #204103 $240 Add hard disks to your computer w 1 28K MEMORY and button . . #204113 $290 SPECIAL ADD ONS Add computers to your hard disk The best in peripherals for RS232 (with kit only) #203232 $60 Radio Shack computers RS232 (w/o kit) $85 DISK DRIVE ADD ONS We have the Best Software Operating Systems 40 Track S/H Drives #200101 $175 to make your MAS-80 40 Track D/H Thinline Drives . . . #200212 $225 Super Powerful TRS 80 MODEL I/III/4 SOFTWARE For MODEL l/IH/4 For MODEL 11/12 • DOSPLUS4a reg.i69.95 #104002 $99.95 • DOSPLUS3.5/4a • DP II • DOSPLUS3.5lorlll • LDOS5.1 • TRSDOS 11/12 • TRSDOS6 with Racet HSDS W/MTERM REG. 229.00 #103003M $89.95 ^ • CPM— Hard Disk • CPM tf • MSCRIPTI/lll/4 REG. 79.95 #104009 $69.95

3M DISKETTES BYTCOM 300/1200 BAUD MODEM Get a great deal on jreat diskettes! 1 compatibility FEATURES • Be" 2 1 2A and 1 03 1 3 3M diskettes are designed and • Auto answer Auto dial manufactured to giv e you years of • Software disconnect • Use' configurable Cutters reliable, error-free •erformance If p • Integral VOICE DATA transfer switcn it's worth remembe ing, it's worth • Nonvolatile memory storage ot nine 'orTy-digit numbe's 3M diskettes Avaiia ble in all • Remote boot capability standard 8' and 5'» diskette • Rediai linking and continuous redialmg until connected • Tone puise band dialing formats o» • P-imary 4 secondary dial tone detect • Busy no answer no dial tone recognition (500452) SS/DD 5'.. S23.50/10 " (500455) DS/DD 5' 29.50/10 REG.-S49? Special S399 (500457) DS/DD 51* 80 Track 39.75/10 8" (500461 )SS/SD 25.50/10 Buy both /x Link and the (500462) SS/DD 8 31.75/10 Bytcom 300/ 1 200 Baud Modem for only

(500465) DS/DD 8 40.95/10 I $44900 DISA-PERF PAPER L imited time only . Otter iubjeci to change without notice $Q495 %J*T REGULAR $45 /i LINKH TRS^MOD€L« COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE C Scott McCegg Bo»of2550 9'j • 11 Sheets »20Papc -^ FEATURES • 80 Column Display • ASCII Transfer EPSON RIBBON CARTRIDGES • X Modem Protocol Transler • On Line HELP Displays S^75 ««* SQ95 Black Only ^^ 95 • TRS DOS/DOS PIUS CompataWp • Large Storage Butler *T FX. MX.RX80 & FX. MX. RX 100 ^P 79 • Completely Configurable Avauaoie m Black (500050) Red (500060) ^4 • Auto ariswef host program ^ Munasome fhnaer f»<» Run youf own software remotely Blue (500070) Green (500080) and Brown (500090 |t ?\ • ano* much more

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*- See List of Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 53 L 2'

Listing 2 continued

7E20 22387F 02180 LD (HLVAL) ,HL 7EDC 23 03120 INC HL 7E23 ED533A7F 02190 LD (DEVAL) ,DE 7EDD CD8879 03130 CALL CHKSPC 7E27 ED433C7F 02200 LD (BCVAL) ,BC 7EE0 B7 03140 OR A 7E2B DD223E7F 02210 LD (IXVAL) .IX 7EE1 C8 03150 RET Z : 7E2F FD22407F 02220 LD (IYVAL) ,IY 7EE2 FE3A 03160 CP * 7E33 32427F 02230 LD (AVAL) .A 7EE4 C8 03170 RET z 7F.36 2A437F 02240 LD HL, (POSIT) 7EE5 CF 03180 RST 8 7E39 7E 02250 LD A, (HL) i ' 7EE6 2C 03190 DEFB r ' ' 7E3A FE3A 02260 CP : 7EE7 C3417E 03200 JP RETVAR 7E3C C8 02270 RET Z 7EEA ED4B3E7F 03210 XRET LD BC, (IXVAL) 7L3D D7 02280 OR A 7EEE CDFF7E 03220 CALL TRANVR 7E3E C8 02290 RET Z 7EF1 23 03230 INC HL 7E3F CF 02300 RST 8 7EF2 CD8879 03240 CALL CHKSPC 7E40 92 02310 DEFB 146 7EF5 B7 03250 OR A 7E41 CD8879 02320 RETVAR CALL CHKSPC 7EF6 C8 03260 RET Z

* ' 7E44 CD0U26 02330 CALL 260DH 7EF7 FE3A 03270 CP : 7E47 3AAF40 02340 LD A, (40AFH) 7EF9 C8 03280 RET Z 7E4A FE04 02350 CP 4 7EFA CF 03290 RST 8 JP • • 7L4C C24A1E 02360 NZ.1E4AH 7EFB 2C 03300 DEFB t 7E4F ED53457F 02370 LD (VARLOC) ,D 7EFC C3417E 03310 JP RETVAR 7L53 CF 02380 RST 8 7EFF CB78 03320 TRANVR BIT 7,B 7L54 D5 02390 DEFB 213 7F01 281C 03330 JR Z, UNDOV 7E55 CD8879 02400 CALL CHKSPC 7F03 CBB8 03340 RES 7,B 7E58 FL48 02410 CP 'H' 7F05 3E90 03350 LD A, 144 7L5A 2813 02420 JK Z. HLRET 7F07 322441 03360 LD (4124H) ,A 7L5C FE42 02430 CP 'B' 7F0A ED432241 03370 LD (4122H) ,BC 7E5E 283B 02440 JH Z. BCRET 7F0E AF 03380 XOR A 7E6Q FE44 02450 CP 'D' 7F0F 322141 03390 LD (412111) ,A 7E62 2821 02460 JR Z. DERET 7F12 E5 03400 PUSH HL 7E64 FF.49 02470 CP I' 7F13 212141 03410 LD HL.4121H 7E66 2860 02480 JR Z.IRET 7F16 ED5B457F 03420 LD DE, (VARLOC) 7E68 FE41 02490 CP 'A' 7F1A CD8B7F 03430 CALL HOVE 7E6A 2845 02500 JR Z.ARET 7F1D El 03440 POP HL 7E6C C39719 02510 JP 1997H 7F1E C9 03450 RET 7E6F 23 02520 HLRET INC HL 7F1F ED432141 03460 UNDOV LD (41211!) ,BC 7E7 CF 02530 RST 8 7F23 E5 03470 PUSH HL 7E71 4C 02540 DEFB •L' 7F24 3E02 03480 LD A, 7E72 ED4B387F 02550 LD BC, (HLVAL) 7F26 32AF40 03490 LD (40AFH) ,A 7E76 CDFF7E 02560 CALL TRANVP. 7F29 CDB10A 03500 CALL 0AB1H 7E79 CD8879 02570 CALL CHKSPC 7F2C 212141 03510 LD HL, 41 2111 7E7C B7 02580 OR A 7F2F ED5B457F 03520 LD DE, (VARLOC) 7E7D C8 02590 RET Z 7F33 CD8B7F 03530 CALL HOVE 1 ' 7E7E FE3A 02600 CP : 7F36 El 03540 POP HL 7E80 C8 02610 RET Z 7F37 C9 03550 RET 7E81 CF 02620 RST 8 7F38 0000 03560 HLVAL DEFW 0000 ' 7L82 2C 02630 DEFB ' , 7F3A 0000 03570 DEVAL DEFW 0000 7E83 18BC 02640 JR RETVAR 7F3C 0000 03580 BCVAL DEFW 0000 7E85 23 02650 DERET INC HL 7F3E 0000 03590 IXVAL DEFW 0000 7E86 CF 02660 RST 8 7F40 0000 03600 IYVAL DEFW 0000 7E87 45 02670 DEFB 'E' 7F42 00 03610 AVAL DEFB 7E88 ED4B3A7F 02680 LD BC. (DEVAL) 7F43 0000 03620 POSIT DEFW 7E8C CDFF7E 02690 CALL TRAHVR 7F45 0000 03630 VARLOC DEFW 7E8F CD8879 02700 CALL CHKSPC 7F47 00 03640 GET NOP 7E92 B7 02710 OR A 7F48 CD8879 03650 CALL CHKSPC 7E93 C8 02720 RET Z 7F4B FE26 03660 CP '& ' ' ' 7L94 FE3A 02730 CP : 7F4D 2009 03670 JR NZ, GETDEC 7E96 C8 02740 RET Z 7F4F CD167A 03680 CALL HEX4 7E97 CF 02750 RST 8 7P52 ED5B497A 03690 LD DE, (HEXLSB) 1 ' 7L98 2C 02760 DEFB , 7F56 1809 03700 JR GET1 7E99 18A6 02770 JR RETVAR 7F58 CD3723 03710 GETDEC CALL 2337H 7E9B 23 02780 BCRET INC HL 7F5B E5 03720 PUSH HL 7E9C CF 02790 RST 8 7F5C CD4B7A 03730 CALL BINARY 7E9D 43 02800 DEFB |£l 7F5F EB 03740 EX DE.HL

7E9E ED4B3C7F 02810 LD BC. (BCVAL) 7F60 El 03750 POP 11 7EA2 CDFF7E 02820 CALL TRANVR 7F61 1A 03760 GET1 LD A,(DE) 7EA5 CD8879 02830 CALL CHKSPC 7F62 4F 03770 LD C,A 7EA8 B7 02840 OR A 7F63 13 03780 INC DE 7EA9 C8 02850 RET Z 7F64 1A 03790 LD A,(DE) * ' 7EAA FE3A 02860 CP : 7F65 47 03800 LD B,A 7EAC CB 02870 RET Z 7F66 CF 03810 GETV RST 8

• • 7EAD CF 02880 RST 8 7F67 2C 03820 DEFB t 1 ' 7EAE 2C 02890 DEFB , 7F68 CD8879 03830 CALL CHKSPC 7EAF 1890 02900 JR RETVAR 7F6B C5 03840 PUSH BC 7EB1 23 02910 ARET INC HL 7F6C CD0D26 03850 CALL 260DH 7EB2 3A427F 02920 LD A, (AVAL) 7F6F 3AAF40 03860 LD A, (40AFH) 7EB5 4F 02930 LD C,A 7F72 FE04 03870 CP 4 7EB6 0600 02940 LD B,0 7F74 C24A1K 03880 JP NZ.1E4AH 7EB8 CDFF7E 02950 CALL TRAHVR 7F7 7 CI 03890 POP BC 7EBB CD8879 02960 CALL CHKSPC 7F78 ED53457F 03900 LD (VARLOC) ,DE 7EBE B7 02970 OR A 7F7C C5 03910 PUSH BC 7EBF C8 02980 RET Z 7F7D CDFF7E 03920 CALL TRANVR ' 7EC0 FE3A 02990 CP ' : 7F80 CI 03930 POP BC 7EC2 C8 03000 RET Z 7F81 CD8879 03940 CALL CHKSPC ' 7 EC 3 CF 03010 RST 8 7F84 FE3A 03950 CP : ' 7EC4 2C 03020 DEFB ' , 7F86 C8 03960 RET Z 7EC5 C3417E 03030 JP RETVAR 7F87 B7 03970 OR A 7EC8 23 03040 IRET INC HL 7F88 C8 03980 RET Z 7EC9 CD8879 03050 CALL CHKSPC 7F89 18DB 03990 JR GETV 7ECC FES8 03060 CP 'X' 7F8B 010400 04000 HOVE LD BC,4 7ECE 281A 03070 JR Z.XRET 7F8E EDBO 04010 LDIR 7ED0 FE59 03080 CP lyl 7F90 C9 04020 RET 7ED2 C29719 03090 JP NZ,1997H 0000 04030 END 7ED5 ED4B407F 03100 LD BC,( IYVAL) 00000 Total Errors 7ED9 CDFF7E 03110 CALL TRANVR

End

54 • 80 Micro, November 1984 GREAT PRICES, GREAT SUPPORT, GREAT SELECTION from THE source for TRS-80 programs, JMG SOFTWARE.

We specialize in TRS-80 Model l/MI/4 Software only, so you know that we'll try very hard to keep you satisfied. We have a selection of hundreds of programs, and the list is growing every day. As well, we

provide after-sale support, and also the best prices around. Period. If you find a better price on something

we sell, we'll beat it. Plus we guarantee satisfaction on the items we sell, and our satisfaction rate of over 99% speaks for itself. If there is some reason why you haven't ordered from us, tell us and we'll

try to correct it; otherwise, you can't lose when you have a great selection, the best support and the best prices on your side!

SPECIAL- , hM APPLICATIONS Spec«i »«» nmets pubHsned a ^ proqrir Program Name (List) JMG LESCRIPT (129.95) $ 99.50 ,no * % 500) 'Journal LESCRIPT CP/M (199.95) 145.50 UTILITIES US (journal onty TALLYMASTER ( 79.95) 54.50 EDAS / PRO-CREATE $ 84.50 DOSPLUS 3.5 ( 99.95) 84.50 DSMBLR III / PRODUCE 34.50 DOSPLUS IVa w/MZal (169.95) 129.50 EDAS / OSM BLR Combo 114.50 ELECTRIC WEBSTER (149.95) 118.50 GAMES TOP TEN E.W. GRAMMAR Option (49.95) 38.50 ALE (Assembly Language Editor) 39.50 LAZYWRITER (175.00) 139.50 TASMON Monitor 24.50 1. SUPREME RULER PLUS $26.50

DOTWRfTER w/LDS ( 99.95) 74.50 CMDFILE 2/ PROCESS 34.50 2. Subloglc FLIGHT SIMULATOR 29.50 POWERMAIL PLUS. (150.00) 119.50 TOOLBOX for LDOS 39.50 3. Infocom's ZORK II 38.50 ZORLOF II ( 69.95) 49.50 MODEL 4 TOOLBELT 39.50

4. PLANETFALL (New Price) . 34.50 6.0 Enhancements .... 39.50 Also, coming soon, the "ALLWRITE" word PLUS 5. SUSPENDED 42.50 processor, and much more. IMPAKT Basic Enhancement 34.50 Call or write for more information on MTERM Smart Terminal 64.50 6. BATTLE OF ZEIGHTY 8.50 any of these products, and many others not AUTOLOADER 34.50 7. WITNESS 34.50 shown here. SUPER UTILITY PLUS 59.50 8. WEERD 9.50 4 And hot off the presses, the Model version of the popular 9. DEADLINE 42.50 TASMON program at $29.50. Also, call for availability of the new SUPER UTILITY 4/4P. at $69.50, and much more. 10. Forest Fire Dispatcher 26.50

NOTES: • The "Games TOP-TEN" is taken from the actual unit sales of the above programs over a 5-week period en- ding in August. • Note the new prices for the Infocom line. WRITE FOR OUR • If you haven't yet tried an Infocom game, an excellent first choice is PLANETFALL. now reduced in price to $34.50. • Call or write for more information on these and many other FREE CATALOG! OUR PRICE fine programs we sell. GUARANTEE We will beat any legitimate price advertised for any product that we carry. If you find a lower price advertised, our price will be $1.00 less, under the same conditions (eg. same shipping and other charges, etc). To receive the lower price you must "TOLL FREE" ORDER LINE: TO ORDER: mention the location of the other ad when ordering. 389-6086 We accept orders by phone or mail. When ordering please (416) Instead of regular toll free $2.00 specify the Model of TRS-80 you own, the exact program(s) a number, we deduct from your order to pay for your phone charge (which is usually less wanted, and the method of payment. We accept Check, than $2). That way you come out ahead, we come out ahead, Money Order, VISA, MasterCard, and Gold. Please enclose and everyone is happy. And if you order by mail, ask for our $2.50 for shipping costs. For Electric Webster and Dotwriter, "Toll Free Discount" and deduct $2.00! please mention your word processor and printer brands. (Phones are stalled 10 A.M. lo 7 P.M.. Monday to Saturday, except Wednesdayi

3235 LOCKPORT ROAD OUR GUARANTEE NIAGARA FALLS, NY 14305

We sell only top-quality software. If, J%T. OR however, you are unsatisfied with a product you have purchased from JMG, you may THE FINE PRINT: 710 UPPER JAMES ST. return it (in good condition) within 10 days HAMILTON, ONTARIO Shipping Charges are $2.50 in Canada and U.S. for a refund, less a $2.50 handling charge Overseas surface shipping is $5.00, $10 for air CANADA L9C 2Z8 for programs under $50 ($5.00 for programs mail. All prices in U.S. Funds. Add $1.50 for COD over $50). We also ask that you send us a Charges. Model III programs will all run on a Phone: (416) 389-6086 letter stating the reason for your return. Model 4 in III mode. Facilitate Basic program maintenance with these 1 1 commands—they let you manipulate program strings and lines and recover programs erased by the New command.

Basic Changes

by Raymond Boggs

y Finder utility sets a flag for the Find String com- line number, revealing the line to

does for Basic mand, forcing it to print out only the which the Finder buffer points. This is

programs what line numbers. Control of the keyboard particularly useful when editing, as it a word proces- isn't returned to you until after X tells you where you last left off. sor does for text; searches the entire program. The S command tells you the string

it makes manipulating lines and The Edit command (E) lets you edit for which you're currently searching, strings easier and faster. the line last displayed by the Find while the N command gives you the

Finder provides 11 commands that String command. A special buffer number of matches found thus far.

let you locate specific strings within a saved for the E command points to the Note that Finder resets the match Basic program; edit the line last dis- line containing the most recent match. counter after it locates the last match. played; copy, move, or replace a line; The buffer lets you list any line of the The Unnew command, U, restores and, under most circumstances, re- text to edit with Finder's E command. a program that you erased with Basic's

store all but the first few lines of a pro- For example, suppose you delete all New command. Use the U command gram accidentally erased from memory the remarks in your program, includ- immediately after your mistake, as by the New command (see the Table). ing one in line 1500. You have several any program lines entered subsequent- When you run Finder from Basic, GOSUB 1500 statements left in your ly prevent Unnew from working. The you'll have full access to both Basic program. To find and change them, U command is most effective if you and Finder commands. The dollar first type in LIST 1500- to get to the start your program with a remark line sign prompt ($) reminds you when first line after line 1500 in the pro- full of asterisks. save you're under Finder's control. It's im- gram. Now you can use F.GOSUB Unnew can all but the first 15 portant to remember to exit Finder be- 1500 to display the string where GO- bytes of your program, part of which fore actually running the program on SUB 1500 first occurs. The E com- are line numbers and the linked list which you're working. mand lets you edit the line using pointers that Basic uses. Before run- Basic's line editor. Repeat the F and E ning your program, remember to save commands until you've made all the it under a different file name, restore The Commands necessary changes. the REM line of asterisks, and load it

You should add a period after all The next command, R, lets you re- into memory. If you've made Finder Finder commands to delimit their area place one line with another. For exam- part of your operating system with the of operation. The Find String com- ple, R. 100. 150 replaces line 150 with SYSGEN command, Unnew should mand, F, locates any string within the an exact copy of line 100. For this to work even if you're not using Finder text of a Basic program. You must in- work, the program must contain an at that particular time. One warn- clude a period after F to search for a unaltered source line and you must ing— if your computer starts to make specified string from the beginning of specify a valid target line number. wild disk accesses, immediately press a program; without the period, the The Copy command, C, copies an the orange reset button. statement searches for the string start- existing line to the desired destination. The final command, Q, takes you ing at the most recently displayed line. For example, C. 100. 150 copies line out of Finder and back into Basic.

When Finder finishes its search, it 100, which must exist, to line 150, displays an "End of Text" message, which must not exist. The Key Box along with the number of matches The Move command, M, moves IQAPBO found. Finder accepts a maximum a line from its present position to a Model 4 string length 31 characters; it trun- new one. For example, M. 100. 150 of 64KRAM cates any string that exceeds this limit. moves line 100 to line 150, overwriting Disk 01.00.00 or 01.01.00 The second command, X, builds a the old line 150 or creating a new line. Bask

cross-referenced table displaying the Finder deletes line 100 after it com- Assembly Language number of each line with a string that pletes the move. Editor/Assembler optional matches one you specify. This routine The L command prints the current

56 • 80 Micro, November 1984 Using Finder gram Listing 2 (for Basic 01.00.00) or booting up). If you use this system Program Listing 3 (for Basic 01.01.00) disk when developing Basic programs, I developed Finder with Radio as appropriate. you'll always have access to Finder. Shack's Series I Editor/Assembler in Type in SAVE "FIND/BAS". To transfer Finder to other system Model III mode because no Model 4 While holding down the clear key, disks, copy Finder to the intended disk editor/assemblers were available at press the reset button. This overrides and boot it up. Follow all but the first the time. As a result, I've included anything that you added to your sys- two steps outlined in the instructions three sets of instructions: The first set tem with SYSGEN. for other editor/assemblers. You can is for those of you using the Model III Type in MEMORY (CLEAR). Type remove Finder from any disk, but be editor/assembler, the second set is for in MEMORY (HIGH = X'FBBF). sure to keep an extra copy on a sepa- Model 4 editor/assemblers, and the fi- Type in BASIC FIND/BAS. At the rate disk for security. nal set applies to data statements that Basic Ready prompt, type in SYS- To run Finder, from Basic type in you can POKE in from Basic rather TEM. Reestablish all linkage, filter- SYSTEM "RUN FIND". If you've than using an editor/assembler. ing, or routing and type in SYSGEN. removed Find/CMD from your sys- = to For Series I Editor/Assemblers Then type in: tem disk, type in FIND &HFBC0 define the entry point to Finder. Then Type in Program Listing 1 , entering 1 type in CALL FIND to use the pro- FIND/CMD:0 (START = X'FBCO , only the equates that apply to your DUMP END - X'FFFF.TRA = X'FBCO*) gram.! version of Basic. Then type in A FIND,NL,NS to assemble the pro- gram to disk. Finder is now a permanent memo- Contact Raymond C. Boggs at 4735 At TRSDOS Ready, type in ry-resident program (as long as you Feigley Road S.W., Port Orchard, 98366. CLEAR. Type in LOAD FIND/CMD don't hold the clear key down when WA to load the program into memory. Remove the Model III EDTASM disk Command Definition and insert the proper TRSDOS 6.X.X string Finds string in Basic program. system disk in drive zero. F string Builds cross-reference table. While holding down the clear key, X E Edits line most recently press and quickly release the reset but- displayed by F command. ton until you see the TRSDOS Ready R .source, destination Replaces source line number to overrides anything that prompt. This destination line number. with you've included in your system Csource, destination Copies source line number to the SYSGEN command. destination line number. At TRSDOS Ready, type in: M source, destination Moves source line number to destination line number. DUMP FIND/CMD:0 (START = X'FBCO*, L Prints current line number. END = X'FFFF.TRA - X'FBCO") s Prints current search string. N Prints number of matches found. Restores erased program. Then type in MEMORY (HIGH = X' U Finder. FBBF'). This prevents any machine- Q Quits overwriting language modules from Table. Finder's commands. Finder and makes it a permanent part of your operating system. Reestablish any filtering, linkage, or routing and type in SYSGEN.

Program Listing J. Source codefor Finder. For Model 4 Editor/Assemblers 00100 Enter Program Listing 1 with only 00110 ;** NOTE: TWO SETS OF ADDRESSES ARE PROVIDED BELOW. ** ** those equates that apply to your ver- 00120 " THE PROPER SET TO USE DEPENDS ON THE ** 00130 . ** VERSION OF BASIC ON YOUR COMPUTER. ** sion of Basic. Assemble the program 00140 . *• USE THE 1st SET WITH BASIC 01.00.00. ** . ** THE 2nd SET WITH BASIC 01.01.00. ** to disk. While holding down the clear 00150 USE 00160 . *# BE SURE TO LEAVE OUT OR COMMENT OUT THE ** key, press the reset button, overriding 00170 ;** SET THAT DOESN'T APPLY TO YOUR VERSION. ** 00180 anything that you might have incorpo- 00190 ;** ADDRESSES FOR USE WITH BASIC 01.00.00 ONLY. ** into with 00200 THESE rated your system SYSGEN. 00210 Type in MEMORY (CLEAR), then 00220 * START BLOCK COMMENT OF UNUSED ADDRESSES BELOW. ** 00230 ASCBIN EQU 6A69H ; CONVERT ASCII TO BINARY MEMORY (HIGH = X'FBBF). Type 00240 BINASC EQU 3139H ;BINARY TO ASCII t PRINT 00250 EDIT EQU 3D2BH ; BASIC LINE EDIT ROUTINE in FIND/CMD. Reestablish LOAD 00260 EXPAND EQU 76 9AH ; BASIC LIN EXPAND ROUTINE EXPAND, EXCEPT.. any filtering, linkage, or routing and 00270 EXPANl EQU 769DH ;SAME AS 00280 ;USER DEFINES BUFFR IN BC type in SYSGEN. 00290 KBLINE EQU 7CEFH /KEYBOARD INPUT ROUTINE 00300 PSTSRC EQU 6564H ;PST SEARCH ROUTINE 00310 READY EQU 63DDH ;1ST BASIC 'READY' ADDRES For Basic Data Statements 00320 READY1 EQU 63F8H ;2ND BASIC 'READY' ADDRES 00330 VDLINE EQU 76 91H ; PRINT LINE TERMINATED... Boot up your system (TRSDOS Listing 1 continued f\ V Y\ anH fw»t intr» Racir> Pntpr Prr».

80 Micro, November 1984 • 57 Listing 1 continued

00340 ;WITH BYTE OF 00H. 00350 COMMUNICATIONS 00360 BASBUF Scripsif or EQU 5FB5H ; ADDRESS OF EXPANDED LINE ^ 00370 BASEND EQU 611BH ;END OF BASIC PROGRAM PTR 00380 BASTRT EQU 5E1BH ; START ADDRESS OF PROGRAM ^SuperScripsit" 00390 BINBUF EQU 627CH ; BINASC CONVERSION BUFFER 00400 NOLINE EQU 5B77H ;NO SUCH LINE MESSAGE ADR

00410 AUTOLIN EQU 6104H ; CURRENT 'AUTO' LINE • USQrS •> —^cc 00420 AUtOPLG EQU 6103H ;AUT0 INCREMENT FLAG 00430 AUTOINC EQU 6106H ;AUTO LINE INCREMENT 00440 ;*** ADDRESSES TO CHANGE TO TAKE CONTROL FROM BASIC *** Now you can use that fabulous word 00450 JUHP1 EQU 6420H processor from Radio Shack with 00460 JUMP2 EQU 644EH 00470 OLDJMP EQU 7CEFH ;WHAT WAS IN THOSE AREAS your non-Tandy printer! No point in 00480

missing out! Your printer CAN work 00490 NUM EQU 7FH ; CONSTANT FOR UNNEW 00500 * END BLOCK *• great with COMMENT. SuperScripsiH 00510 00520 00530 ;** THESE ADDRESSES POR USE WITH BASIC 01.01.00 ONLY. ** PowerDRIVER 00540 00550 ASCBIN EQU 5PB9H ; CONVERT ASCII TO BINARY 00560 BINASC EQU 3139H /BINARY TO ASCII & PRINT These printers are fully supporte 00570 EDIT EOU 3D2BH ; BASIC LINE EDIT ROUTINE 00580 EXPAND EQU 7A0DH ; BASIC LIN EXPAND ROUTINE 00590 EXPAN1 EQU 7A10H ;SAME AS EXPAND, EXCEPT.. EPSON MX-80/100 Series 00600 ;USER DEFINES BUFFR IN BC EPSON FX/RX 80/100 Series 00610 KBLINE EQU 7E1BH ; KEYBOARD INPUT ROUTINE 10620 PSTSRC EQU 5AB4H ,-PST SEARCH ROUTINE all 1 Most EPSON "compatibles." 00630 READY EQU 5920H j 1ST BASIC 'READY ADDRES C.ltoh 8510 Prowriter 00640 READY1 EQU 593BH ;2ND BASIC 'READY' ADDRES 00650 VDLINE EQU 7A04H 1 PRINT LINE TERMINATED... C.ltoh Starwriter Daisy Wheel 00660 ;WITH BYTE OF 00H. C.ltoh A10-20 Daisy Wheel 00670 . ****** **** COMMUNICATIONS 006 80 BASBUF Okidata 92/93 Dot Matrix EQU 7039H ; ADDRESS OF EXPANDED LINE 006 90 BASEND EQU 719FH ;END OF BASIC PROGRAM PTR

00700 BASTRT EQU 6E9EH ; START ADDRESS OF PROGRAM Model 4 Now Supported! 00710 BINBUF EQU 72FFH (BINASC CONVERSION BUFFER 00720 NOLINE EQU 6BE8H ;NO SUCH LINE MESSAGE ADR Ail features of SuperScripsit" are sup- 00730 AUxOLIN EQU 7188H (CURRENT 'AUTO' LINE 1 ported to the fullest capabilities 00740 AUTOFLG EQU 7187H ;AUT0 INCREMENT FLAG 00750 AUTOINC EQU 718AH (AUTO LINE INCREMENT printer involved Drivers are easy to install. 00760 ;*** ADDRESSES TO CHANGE TO TAKE CONTROL FROM BASIC *** '• easv to use ana • ands 10 00770 JUMP1 EQU 5963H learn 1 00780 JUMP2 EQU 5991H 00790 OLDJMP PowerDRIVER Only EQU 7E1BH ;WHAT WAS IN THOSE AREAS $29.95 each 00800 . ****** I******************************************** 00810 NUM EQU 80H .•CONSTANT FOR UNNEW PLEASE SPECIFY PRINTER TYPE 00820 00830 00840 START EQU 0FBC0H ******************************************************** s 00850 j 00860 PowerSCRIPT 00870 . ****** a************************************************* 00880 PSECT START A HIGH-POWER modification 00890 .** INITIALIZATION ROUTINE TO TAKE CONTROL FROM BASIC ** 00900 INlZ LD HL, ENTRY ;MUST CHANGE BASIC... for Scnpsit" from Radio Shack" 00910 LD (JUMP1) ,HL ; 'READY' JUMP ADDRESS... 00920 LD (JUMP2) ,HL ;TO GAIN CONTROL. Give Scnpsit" Full Power" PowerSCRIPT 00930 JP READY jGOTO BASIC 'READY'. 00940 ENTRY LD A. (MFLAG) (TEST MOVE FLAG is a modification for the original Scnpsit/ LC" 00950 CP 0FFH (IF SET, GO FINISH... it which allows to work on Model I or III 00960 JP Z , MOV3 (MOVING LINE. nves it the of of the power many 00970 LD A. (XREFLG) j TEST 'XREF' FLAG newer expensive word processors Define 00980 CP 0FFH ;IF SET, CONTINUE... printer codes tor ANY printer Embed print 00990 JP Z,REFIND (SEARCHING PROGRAM. 01000 . ****** ***** ********************************************* er codes in the middle of a line 1 Alphabe- 01010 ;** TEST FOR AUTO LINE INCREMENT IN COMMUNICATIONS ** tized directories! User definable printer 01020 ;** REGION. IF AUTO LINE INCREMENT IS ANYTHING OTHER ** filters 1 User-defmable HELP-FILE' Cham 01030 ;** THAN ZERO, RETURN CONTROL TO BASIC IMMEDIATELY. ** files together at print time from any pari of 01040 the text Logical EXIT to DOS. optional 01050 LD A. (AUTOFLG) (GET AUTO INC FLAG 01060 OR A (TEST FOR ZERO automatic line-feed after C/R. FETCH, 01070 JR NZ,ENTRY1 (NO PROMPT IF AUTO ON CHAIN and KILL command and more 1 01080 LD HL, PROMPT (PRINT A '5' PROMPT TO... Compatible with most maior DOS's Simply 01090 CALL VDLINE (REMIND USER THAT HE IS.. use the enclosed INSTALL program, and 01100 (UNDER CONTROL OF 'FIND'. you will be up and running :n NO TIME 1 01110 ENTRY1 CALL KBLINE ;GO FETCH RUNSTRING. 01120 RET C ;'. BREAK > KEY HIT Includes full documentation Get lots of 01130 LD A.B (GET RUNSTRING LENGTH... new features for a very small price 1 01140 LD (TLENTH) ,A (SAVE RUNSTRING LENGTH... 01150 ;IN CASE OF NEW STRING. PowerSCRIPT 0nlyS39.95 01160 EX AF,AF' (MUST SAVE FLAGS AND... 01170 EXX (REGISTERS FOR BASIC. 01180 LD DE. (BASBUF) (FETCH COMMAND CHAR'S. UPPERCASE • 01190 RES 5,E (FORCE TO 01200 LD HL,CMDTBL (POINT HL TO COMMAND TBL 01210 LD BC,18H ;t COMMANDS x 2 (254 MAX) 01220 01230 CMDINT LD A,E (GET 1st CHAR OF COMMAND 01240 CPI (TEST AGAINST TABLE 'RODUCTSFROM HRFP7E QSD I 01250 JR NZ,CMDIN1 (IF NOT MATCH, TEST... _ i ' 500 Slemmons Fwy 01260 LD A.D (NEXT COMMAND, ELSE... ™ Suite 1 25 01270 CPI (TEST FOR DELIMITER. Dallas. Te.as 75229 HHI 01280 JR Z,XEQCMD j IF DELIMITER, EXECUTE (2141484 2976 01290 JP PO.BASIC3 (RET TO BASIC IF BC-0,...

Scnpsit anr! SupcScnosit Listing 1 continued

58 • 80 Micro, November 1984 OUR PLUS IS MAKING ADVANCED TELECOMMUNICATIONS SIMPLE.

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TIED UP BY STRING

COMPRESSION? Listing I continued

CUT YOURSELF 01300 INC HL ;ELSE POINT HL TO NEXT... 01310 INC HL ; COMMAND AND CONTINUE... 01320 JR CMDINT ;CMDTBL SEARCH. LOOSE WITH 01330 CMDIN1 INC HL ;INC HL TO POINT TO... 01340 INC HL ;NEXT COMMAND. TRASHMAN™ 01350 INC HL 01360 DEC C ; DECREMENT LOOP COUNTER

01370 JP Z,BASIC3 j NO 'FIND' COMMAND... 013 80 ;SO RETURN TO BASIC. 01390 JR CMDINT ;GO TEST NEXT ENTRY. 01400 I************************* 01410 VALID 'FIND' COMMAND - SET UP JUMP ADDRESS & EXECUTE * 01420 ************ *****************>********************•**** 01430 XEQCMD LD A, (HL) ;MUST GET JP ADDRESS... 01440 INC HL ;INTO HL FOR JP. 01450 LD H, (HL) 01460 LD L,A 01470 JP (HL) ;HL POINTS AT CORRECT...

01480 ?JP ADDRESS, SO DO IT I 01490 • ENTRY POINT TO 'XREF' ROUTINE ******** 01500 LD A.0FFH ;SET 'XREF' FLAG... 01510 LD (XREFLG) ,A ;& DROP THROUGH TO 'FIND' . ** 01520 ***t • ENTRY POINT TO SEARCH ('FIND') ROUTINE ******** 01530 FIND LD A. (TLENTH) ;TEST TO MAKE SURE... 01540 SUB 03H ;WE HAVE A VALID...

01550 JP Z.BASIC3 ;COMMAND BY RUNSTRING. . IS A FOR 01560 ; LENGTH. THIS PROGRAM MUST 01570 POP BC ;POP 'BASIC RETURN ADDR

EVERYONE WHO USES "BASIC" 01580 LD HL, COUNT j MUST ALSO ZERO OUT...

01590 LD ; MATCH COUNTER. ON A TRS-80. It reduces string com- (HL) ,00H 01600 CALL PRGTST ;SEE IF PROGRAM RESIDENT pression delays by 95% or more You 01610 JR NZ,FIND1 j PROGRAM IS RESIDENT suiter from these delays whenever you 01620 CALL NOPROG ;NO PROGRAM EXISTS,... run a BASIC program Your computer 01630 JP BASIC2 ; INFORM USER 6 QUIT. 01640 LD BC,001FH ,-f.AX SEARCH STRING LENGTH locks up for seconds, or minutes, and 01650 LD DE.FTEMP ;'FIND' BUFFER ADDRESS " you may even think it's "crashed 01660 LD HL,BASBUF+2 ; START OF SEARCH STRING FIXES PROBLEM! 01670 LDIR ;COPY IT FOR 'FIND' TRASHMAN THE 01680 LD A, (TLENTH) .-RECOVER LINE LENGTH.. As soon as you start to use it, those 01690 SUB 0311 ;REMOVE EFFECT OP... delays will almost disappear. The pro- 01700 CP 20H ,-COMMAND, DELIMITER,... 01710 JP M.FIND2 ;AND TERMINATOR (CR) gram is very easy to use. so you don't 01720 LD A.1FH ;THEN FORCE SEARCH... have to be a computer programmer to 01730 ,-STRING LENGTH TO... 01740 ;31 CHARACTERS MAX. take advantage of it It's written in 01750 LD C,A •PUT SEARCH STRING... 578 "machine languageand usesonly 01760 LD B.00H ; LENGTH INTO BC FOR... bytes of memory for itself, plus 2 bytes 01770 LD (FLENTH) ,BC ;LOOP COUNTER AND STORE. 01780 LD HL, (BASTRT) ;GET START ADDR OF PRGM for "string" in your It each program. 01790 works with other machine language 01800 BEGIN BASIC PROGRAM SEARCH programs and all the major operating 01810 01820 LD (THSLIN) ,HL ;SAVE ADDR OF CURRENT LIN systems. 01830 LD C,(HL) ;SET UP NEXT LINE ADDR. IT SHOULD HAVE BEEN BUILT 01840 INC HL INTO THE COMPUTER IN THE FIRST 01850 PUSH HL 01860 LD B, (HL) but since it wasn't, look at this PLACE, 01870 LD (NXTLIN) ,BC ; STORE NEXT LINE ADDRESS chart, and then order your copy today 01880 LD HL,(NXTLIN) ;GET NEXT LINE ADDRESS 01890 INC HL ;NCW FETCH NEXT... # SECONDS DELAY PERCENT 01900 INC HI. STRINGS NORMAL TRASHM IMPR0VEM 01910 LD E.(IIL) /LINE f IN BINARY AND... 01920 INC HL ; STORE IT IN LINTMP. 10 .1 .1 01930 LD D, (HL) 250 11.8 0.7 94 01940 LD (LINTMP) ,DE ;SAVE CURRENT LINE * 500 45.1 1.6 96.5 01950 POP KL /RESTORE CURRENT LINE ADR 1000 179.6 3.5 98 01960 INC HI, 2000 713.2 7.8 98.9 01970 INC HI. 01980 INC HL ; POINT TO TF.XT IN LINE Note Not lor use with 1 01990 CALL EXPAND ;GO EXPAND BASIC LINE

02000 LD HL,BASBUF j ADDR OF EXPANDED LINE ". . . in those programs that use hundreds 02010 LD A, (FTEHP) ; FETCH 1ST CHAR OF STRING of strings arrays, the time saved is out- 02020 I.D BC, (FLENTH) ; FETCH LENGTH OF STRING standing." 80 MICRO, Jan. "83 02030 CPI /COMPARE A TO (HL) 02040 JR Z,FIND7 ; IF CHAR MATCH, TEST REST in Works great, had 45 sec. delays 02050 DEC HL ;SEE IF BYTE WAS 00H... printing, now almost no delays. D.T. 02060 LD A.00H 02070 CP (HL) ;ie, END OF LINE MARKER "We have installed TRASHMAN in 02080 INC HL ; POINT HL TO CURRENT CHAR one of our most major programs and it 02090 JR NZ.FIND4 ;IF NOT 00H, TEST NEXT has reduced the run time by over 02100 ;IF 00H, END OF LINE one-third! A.W.L 02110 LD HL, (NXTLIN) ;GET ADDRESS OF NEXT LINE 02120 LD A.00H ;TEST FOR END OF TEXT... TRASHMAN is available on Disk 02130 CP (HL) ;ie, TWO BYTES OF 00H... for the TRS-80 Models I 6k III for 02140 ,-WHERE AN ADDRESS... just $39.95 02150 ; SHOULD BE. 02160 ;NOT END OF PROGRAM Publishers TRA JR NZ,FIND6 02170 INC HL ; FIRST BYTE WAS 00H, SO.. 02180 CP (HL) •TEST NEXT. IF 00H,... ORDER NOW. TOLL-FREE 02190 JR Z,FIND10 ;END OF BASIC TEXT. 124-7888, oper. 422 02200 LD A, (FLAG) ;IF FLAG SET, A MATCH... (800) 02210 CP 00H ;HAS BEEN FOUND, SO... 02220 JP NZ,BASIC1 ;GO BACK TO INPUT PHASE. 02230 JR REFIN1 ;IF FLAG NOT SET... <: PM£Ml 02240 ; CONTINUE SEARCHING... Dept. G, Box 560, No. Hollywood. CA 91603 02250 ; CONSECUTIVE LINES...

18I81 764-3131 Inlwralion and Same-Day Processing listing I continued TERMS VISA. MC. cfwcks. COD P*as« add $2 00 si pp.na US or Canada. S5 00 WM -a Most ordets Wled wrnm oneiday

,

60 • 80 Micro, November 1984 211 .. .

Listing 1 continued

02260 ; UNTIL A MATCH OR.. 02270 ;END OP BASIC PROGRAM... 02260 ;IS FOUND. 02290 ,*••• ENTRY POINT FOR REFIND COMMAND (ie, F) **** 02300 REFIND POP BC ;POP BASIC RETURN ADDRESS 02310 CALL PRGTST ;SEE IF PROGRAM RESIDENT 02320 JR NZ,REFIN1 ; PROGRAM EXISTS.. 02330 ;SO CONTINUE SEARCH. 02340 CALL NOPROG ;NO PROGRAM EXISTS... 02350 JP BASIC ; INFORM USER AND QUIT. 02360 REFIN1 LD DE.(LINTMP) ;GET ADDR OF NEXT LINE. FASTER speeds up most TRS-80 02370 CALL PSTSRC 1 SEARCH PST FOR LINE ADDR BASIC programs by 20-50% It 023 80 JP C.REFIN2 ;NO SUCH LINE IF 'NC SET analyses programs while they run, 023 90 LD HL,MESS6 (Can't Continue message 02400 CALL VDLINE (PRINT IT... then displays a simple change to 02410 LD HL,CRLF sequence variables so the ROM will 02420 CALL VDLINE find them faster 02430 JP BASIC ;& RETURN TO BASIC. 02440 REFIN2 LD (THSLIN) ,HL ;SAVE CURRENT LINE ADDR You can use FASTER to speed up 02450 LD (NXTLIN) ,BC ;SAVE NEXT LINE ADDR programs you've bought as well as 02460 LD HL,(NXTLIN) ;PUT NEXT LINE ADDR IN HL 02470 JR FIND3 ;GO CONTINUE SEARCH programs you've written. #****#nii«ii«itwmw»» WWWWW mmwmm mm-mmwwtmm m m m m mm m w m m m m — m •» « m - - 02480 "If you . . . would like a significant *** 02490 ;**« FIRST CHARACTER MATCHED, NOW TEST REST OF STRING increase in the run-time speed, then • ****** ••••••WWWWWWB 02500 buy FASTER" 02510 FIND7 PUSH HL (SAVE CURRENT CHAR POINTR (April, 02520 LD DE.FTEMP+01H ;DE POINTS § SRCH STRING 80 MICRO 1982) 02530 FINDS LD A,B ;SEE IF BC - YET Models I & III, 16-48K Tape 02540 OR C ;IF ZERO, WE HAVE A... or Disk, all DOS's. $29.95 02550 JR Z , FOUND .•COMPLETE MATCH! 1 I 02560 LD A,(DE) ; MATCH NOT COMPLETE,... 02570 CPI (SO TEST NEXT CHAR. 02580 JR NZ,FIND9 (CHARACTER DIDN'T MATCH.. 02590 ;SO GO CONTINUE WHERE... 02600 ;WE LEFT OFF. 02610 INC DE (MATCH AGAIN, SO POINT... 02620 JR FINDS ;AT NEXT CHAR & REPEAT. 02630 FIND9 POP HL (RETRIEVE POSITION OF... 02640 JR FIND4 (SEARCH AND GO CONTINUE.. 02650 (WHERE WE LEFT OFF. 02660 FIND10 LD HL,MESS1 (END OF TEXT FOUND... 02670 CALL VDLINE (SO PRINT MESSAGE. 026 80 LD HL, (COUNT) (GET TOTAL # MATCHES... 026 90 CALL BINASC (CONVERT t PRINT IT. 02700 LD HL,MESS2 02710 CALL VDLINE (PRINT REST OF MESSAGE. 02720 LD HL, (BASTRT) 02730 LD (NXTLIN) ,HL (POINT TO START OF PROGRAM 02740 INC HL (MUST ALSO POINT LINTMP... RPM TO THE 02750 INC HL (TO FIRST LINE #... 02760 LD E. (HL) (IN BASIC PROGRAM. 02770 INC HL RESCUE 02780 LD D,(HL) 02790 LD (LINTMP) ,DE 02800 LD A.0FFH 02810 LD (FLAG) ,A (SET END OF TEXT FLAG. 02820 LD A.00H 02830 LD (XREFLG) ,A (RESET 'XREF' FLAG 02840 LD HL, COUNT (MUST ALSO ZERO OUT... 02850 LD (HL) ,00H (MATCH COUNTER. 02860 JP BASIC (GO BACK TO INPUT 02870 , ****** ****** a*******************************************

02880 ;**** COMPLETE MATCH FOUND - PRINT LINE fc RETURN TO USER ******************************************** 02890 . •********••< 02900 FOUND POP HL (CLEAN UP STACK Find out if your drives need adjust- 02910 LD HL, (THSLIN) (LINE WHERE MATCH FOUND ment before you begin to lose files 02920 INC HL (NOW INC HL TO POINT... on repair bills This easy-to-use 02930 INC HL (TO LINE ». SAVE 02940 LD C,(HL) (MOVE IT INTO BC... program measures the rotational speed 02950 INC HL and fluctuations of your disk drives, 02960 LD B, (HL) (NOW SAVE IT IN.. 02970 LD (LINPTR) ,BC (CURRENT LINE POINTER and warns you if they are running too 02980 PUSH BC (PUT LINE 1 IN HEX... fast, too slow, or unevenly. 02990 POP HL (INTO HL TO CONVERT... 80 MICRO (April, 1982) said "If your 03000 CALL BINASC (AND PRINT LINE i. 03010 LD HL, BLANK (PRINT A BLANK... drives have problems I recommend 03020 CALL VDLINE (AFTER LINE NUMBER. RPM before paying to get it repaired." 03030 LD A. ! XREFLG) (TEST 'XREF' FLAG Customers agree: 03040 CP 00H (SEE IF IT IS SET 03050 JR NZ,FIND11 ;IF SET, PRINT ONLY LINEI "EXCELLENT — Has paid for itself 03060 LD HL,BASBUF (PUT ADDRESS OF... already! Saved the cost of Radio Shack's 03070 CALL VDLINE (EXPANDED LINE INTO HL... doing the speed adjust!" (D.M.) 03080 (AND PRINT LINE. 1, 3 and 4 (in 3 mode) We 03090 LD HL.CRLF Models (CARRIAGE RETURN TO... before 03100 CALL VDLINE (TERMINATE LINE WITH. suggest you order a copy you 03110 FIND11 LD HL, COUNT (GET 1 MATCHES... need it. 03120 INC (HL) (AND INCREMENT IT. 03130 LD A.0FFH RPM $24.95 03140 LD (FLAG) ,A ;SET MATCH FLAG TOLL-FREE 03150 JP FIND5 (BACK TO INPUT ROUTINE ORDER NOW, 03160 .***•* ***** ENTRY POINT FOR (800) 824-7888, oper. 422 03170 MCHCNT LD HL, (COUNT) (PRINT # MATCHES FOR USER 03180 CALL BINASC (GO PRINT COUNT 03190 LD HL,MESS2 (PRINT REST OF MESSAGE 03200 CALL VDLINE PRfcWS- - Dept. G. Box 560, No. Hollywood. CA 91603 03210 POP BC (POP RET ADDR OFF STACK 03220 JP BASIC2 (RETURN TO BASIC 'READY' (8181 764-3131 Infwmatton and Same Day Processing

listing I continued

.- See List ol Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 61 2 . . .

Call ELEK-TEK for UNBELIEVABLE PRICES!! Listing 1 continued 03230 . *********** ENTRY POINT FOR E COMMAND *********** on 03240 EDIT1 POP BC ;POP BASIC RETURN ADDRESS 03250 LD DE.(LINPTR) ;LINE 1 TO EDIT. 03260 JP EDIT ;LET USER EDIT LINE 03270 .*•**** ***** ENTRY POINT FOR 03280 REPLAC I.D A.0FFH ;SET FLAG FOR COPY. 03290 LD (RFLAG) ,A ;SO IT CAN REPLACE... 03300 ;AN EXISTING LINE. ** EPSON 03310 j ***** * *** FOR *********** ENTRY POINT C COMMAND 03320 COPY LD HL,BASBUF+2 ;GET ASCII SOURCE LINE #

03330 CALL ASCBIN ; CONVERT SOURCE TO BINARY

PRINTERS 03340 LD ; (OLDLIN) ,DE STORE IT

03350 INC HL ; POINT TO ASCII... 03360 /DESTINATION LINE NUMBER. 03370 CALL ASCBIN ;CONVERT IT TO BINARY 03380 LD (NEWLIN) ,DE ; STORE IT 03390 CALL PSTSRC ;GO SEARCH PST FOR... 03400 /DESTINATION LINE #... 03410 JP NC.COPYl ;IF IT DOESN'T EXIST... 03420 ;WE CAN COPY TO IT. 03430 LD A, (RFLAG) /CHECK EPLACE FLAG... 03440 CP 0FFH ;IF IT IS SET.. 03450 ;WE WILL COPY OVER IT. 03460 JR Z,C0PY1 ;FLAG WAS SET - REPLACE

03470 LD A, (MFLAG) j ALSO TEST MFLAG - WE... 03480 CP 0FFH ;WILL UNCONDITIONALLY... 03490 JR Z,C0PY1 ;M0VE A LINE. 03500 LD HL,MESS3 /INFORM USER THAT LINE... 80 COLUMN PRINTERS 03510 CALL VDLINE /ALREADY EXISTS. 03520 POP BC /POP BASIC RETURN ADDRESS RX 80 100 c.p.s. Tractor only 03530 JP BASIC /AND RETURN TO BASIC. 03540 COPY1 LD A.00H /MUST ZERO RX-80FT. 100 c.p.s. Tractor'Friction OUT... 03550 I.D (RFLAG) ,A /REPLACE FLAG. FX 80 160 c.p.s. Tractor'Friction 03560 LD DE, (OLDLIN) /GET 1 OF LINE TO COPY... 03570 CALL PSTSRC /SEE IF IT EXISTS... 03580 132 COLUMN PRINTERS JH CCOPY2 j IF IT DOES, WE CAN... 03590 LD HL.NOLINE /COPY, ELSE INFORM USER.. RX-100 100 c.p.s. Tractor/Friction 03600 CALL VDLINE /THAT LINE DOESN'T EXIST. 03610 LD HL.CRLF /MUST PRINT CARRIAGE... FX 100 160 c.p.s. Tractor'Friction 03620 CALL VDLINE /RETURN & LINE FEED. 03630 POP BC /POP BASIC RETURN ADDRESS NEW Near Letter Quality 03640 LD A.00H /MUST RESET MFLAG... PRINTER 03650 LD (MFLAG) ,A /IN CASE OF MOVE CMD. 03660 JP BASIC2 /RETURN TO BASIC LQ 1500 03670 COPY2 PUSH BC /SAVE OLD LINE ADDRESS 03680 LD HL, (NEWLIN) /GET BINARY LINE #... 200/67 c.p.s. Tractor'Friction 03690 CALL BINASC /GO CONVERT AND PRINT IT 03700 LD HL, BLANK /PRINT BLANK AFTER... 03710 CALL VDLINE /LINE «. 03720 ; * * NOW WE MUST MOVE ASCII LINE 1 TO BASBUF FOR BASIC ** Cables for Epson 03730 LD DE, BASBUF /ADDRESS TO MOVE TO 03740 LD HL,BINBUF /ADDRESS TO MOVE FROM CB5622 10 ft 36 36 pin 03750 LD 1 standard parallel 32.00 BC,05H /MAX BYTES TO MOVE 03760 COPY3 LD A, (HL) /HAVE PRECEDING BLANKS... CBS609 10 ft 36 25 p.n parallel 03770 CP • ' /MUST STRIP THEM TO... for IBM 25.00 03780 JR NZ,C0PY4 /AVOID PUTTING THEM... CB5618 6 ft. 36 16 pin parallel 03790 DEC BC /INTO BASBUF. for Tl 99 4A 25.00 03800 INC HL CB5629 10 ft. 25 pin 03 810 JR C0PY3 standard RS 232(fully loaded) 25.00 03820 COPY 4 LD A,C /SAVE I ASCII BYTES IN A. CB5620 6 ft. parallel 03830 LDIR /MOVE ASCII LINE 1 TO HL. for TRS 80 Model I -III IV 22.00 03840 POP HL /LINE ADDRESS TO HL... RS1Y RS 232 Y cable for Tl 99 4A 25.00 03850 INC HL /INC HL 4 TIMES.. 03860 INC HL /TO POINT AT START... DUST COVERS 03870 INC HL /OF ASCII TEXT OF LINE. 03880 INC HL AVAILABLE FOR 03890 LD BC, BASBUF /GET BUFFER ADDRESS 03900 ADD A.C /AND BUMP UP SO WE... MOST MODELS—S5.00 03910 LD C,A /DON'T OVERWRITE LINE 1. 03920 PUSH BC /SAVE ADDRESS FOR HL. Interfaces 03930 CALL EXPAN1 /GO EXPAND LINE AND... 03940 POP 65 00 HL CAROCO G 03950 CALL VDLINE 65.00 /PRINT REST OF LINE. APPLE DUMPLING GX 03960 105.00 LD HL,CRLF /PRINT CARRIAGE RETURN GRAPPLER PLUS 03970 CALL VDLINE GRAPPLER PLUS 165.00 Buffered (16K) 03980 JP BASIC3 /RETURN AND LET BASIC... 8148 Ser. (For RX or FX Models) 90.00 03990 /COMPRESS & INSERT LINE. 8161 IEEE 488 Interface 60.00 04000 . ****** ***** ENTRY POINT FOR M COMMAND *********** 04010 MOVE LD HL,BASBUF+2 /PREPARE TO Ribbon Cartridges MOVE.. 04020 LD DE.MOVBUF /ASCII LINE 1 TO.. DPR 192 For EPSON 80 col. printers 4.00 04030 LD BC,05H ,-MOVBUF TO STORE. DPR 193 For EPSON 132 col. printers 6.00 04040 MOV1 LDI /SAVE ASCII CHARACTER 04050 LD A.(HL) /GET NEXT CHAR. • .' CALL TOLL FREE 800-621-1269 04060 CP ' , •TEST FOR ' 04070 JR Z,MOV2 /IF ' . ' , GO COPY EXCEPT Illinois, Alaska,, Hawaii 04080 LD A.B /IF BC»0 AND NO '.'... 04090 OR C /DELIMITER, MORE THAN... Corp Acct* invited Mm Ord SIS. 00 04100 JP Z,BASIC3 J 5 CHAR'S - SYNTAX ERROR 04110 JR M0V1 /TEST NEXT CHARACTER (AK, HI, PR .Canada add S10 00lr»l,tem) 04120 MOV2 LD A,0FFH /SET 'MOVE' FLAG... WRITE lor tree 04130 LD (MFLAG) ,A ;T0 ALL l'S catalog Return policy lor detective on arrival replace 04140 JP COPY /GO COPY LINE. menu on, 90 day ml- wty ALL ELEK TEK MERCHAN 04150 REENTRY POINT FOR M COMMAND ********* COMPLETE OISE iS BRAND NEW FIRST QUALITY AND 04160 H0V3 LD HL,M0VBUF /MOVE ASCII SOURCE... 04170 LD DE, BASBUF /LINE 1 INTO BASBUF TO... 04180 LD BC,06H /DELETE SOURCE LINE. L Inc. 04190 LDIR

6557 N Lincoln Av» . Chicogo IL60645 Listing 1 continued on p 66 (•00)621-1269 (312)477 76*0

62 • 80 Micro. November 1984 DISK SUPER SAVER ! I EXPAND TRS-80 MEMORY I Nashua sgl TRS-80 to 16K, 32K, or 48K Kit ' "Model 1 From 4K-16K Requires (1) One Professional Magnetic f §\ ' Model 3 = From 4K-48K Requires (3) Three Kits Requires Kit Media v - Color From 4K-16K (1) "Model 1 •quipped with Expansion Board up to 48K Two Kits Required - One Kit Required for each 16K ol Expansion -

Certified 100% Error Free TRS-16K3 200ns for Color & Model III $12.95 LIFETIME WARRANTY TRS-16K4 250ns for Model I $10.95 TRS-80 Color 32K or 64K Conversion Kit 1 " 4164-2 64K 5 /4 SS/SD $1.39 Easy to install kits come complete with 8 ea. (200ns) dynamic RAMs and conversion documentation. Converts TRS-80 color computers with D, E. ET, F and NC circuit boards to 32K. SS/DD $1.49 Also converts TRS-80 color computer II to 64K Flex DOS or OS-9 required to utilize full 64K RAM on all computers. DS/DD $1.99 TRS-64K2 $44.95

8" Easy to install kit comes complete with 8 each 41 64 (200ns) 64K SS/SD $2.04 dynamic RAMs and conversion documentation Converts TRS-80

Model IV computers from 1 6K to 64K. SS/DD $2.44 TRS-64K2 $44.95 (Converts from 16K to 64K) DS/DD $2.88 TRS-64K2PAL $69.95 (8-41 64s with PAL Chip to expand from 64K to 128K)

Minimum order 20 diskettes Quantity discounts 1 00 deduct 5%. 1000 deduct 15% We accept MasterCard Visa cheeks and money orders Most orde's DIP/IC INSERTER/EXTRACTOR TOOLS shipped withm 24 hours P.O s accepted from most schools, govt agences INS-I416(lnserts both 14/16 pin pkgs.) $5.49 and Fortune 1000 companies Shipping and handling FOB Amheist S3 00 (Extracts 8-24 pin pkgs.) $2.29 additional lor CO O orders Prices subiect to change without notice EX-1

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* See list ol Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 63 DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES H(A 3 > s 3 S " PRICE BREAKTHROUGH >UJ

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PASCAL -80 I

Listing 1 continued from p. 62

04200 LD A.00H The 04210 LD (MFLAG) ,A ( RESET MFLAG 04220 LD (MOVBUF) ,A ;ZERO OUT MOVBUF 04230 LD HL, MOVBUF ;SIX BYTES TO ZERO OUT 04240 LD DE,MOVBUF+l 04250 LD BC,05H 04260 LDIR

04270 LD HL,BASBUF-1 j SET UP HL FOR BASIC 04280 OR A (CLEAR CARRY FLAG Can't 04290 RET ; RETURN TO BASIC 'READY' ** jCr 04300 . *..... ENTRY POINT FOR 04310 UNNEW LD HL,(BASTRT) ;GET START OF BASIC PROG «« Buy it! 04320 LD A,(HL) ;SEE IF PROGRAM HAS... 04330 INC HL ; ACTUALLY BEEN 'NEW 'ED... 04340 LD B, (HL) ;BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO...

04350 OR B ; RESTORE IT BY TESTING... If wanted to, could sell we we our 04360 JR NZ,UNNEW5 j FIRST PST LINE POINTER.. other products to the communists, 04370 DEC HL ;IF 0, HAS BEEN 'NEW* ED. 04380 LD DE r 0FH ; POINT TO 1ST UNCHANGED.. but the Department of Defense 04390 ADD HL,DE ;BYTE IN MEMORY.

04400 LD ; I won't let us sell them Pascal 80! BC,249 MAX MUM LINE LENGTH 04410 UNNEW1 LD A.00H ;END OF LINE MARKER NOW you can learn the language 04420 CPIR ; SEARCH FOR END OF LINE 04430 - that is too powerful for the Red JR NZ,UNNEW5 ;IF NZ, NO MATCH EXIT. * 04440 INC HL ; A ' GOTO ' OR ' GOSUB . . Army! 04450 LD A.NUM ; COULD PUT A ZERO INTO... 04460 CP (HL) ;A LINE, SO TEST MSB... 04470 JR Z,UNNEW2 ;OF 2nd BYTE AFTER ZERO.. Pascal 80 is the easiest version of 04480 INC A {FOUND. IF 80H OR 81H... Pascal to learn. Hundreds of 04490 CP (HL) ;IS THERE, WE HAVE A... 04500 JR Z,UNNEW2 ;GOOD CHANCE THAT WE... schools, including top universitites 04510 DEC HL ;HAVE INDEED FOUND THE... are now using Pascal 80 to teach 04520 JR UNNEW1 (END OF THE LINE - IF... 04530 (NOT WE DEFINITELY HAVE.. Pascal. 04540 ;NOT FOUND IT. 04550 UNNEW2 DEC HL (POINT HL TO START OF... With 04560 ; FIRST VALID LINE FOUND. the editor and compiler in 04570 EX DE.HL (MOVE POINTER INTO DE memory, you can compile and run 04580 LD HL,(BASTRT) 1 GET START OF BASIC PROG 04590 LD BC,0BH ;WE MUST RE-ESTABLISH... a short program in under 5 04600 ADD HL,BC {PROGRAM LINKAGE BY... seconds. But you also get 04610 LD (HL) ,E {PUTTING A NEXT LINE... 04620 INC HL {POINTER INTO MEMORY... extensions to Pascal that give you 04630 LD (HL) ,D {AT START OF REMAINDER... screen control, random access 04640 INC HL {OF LINE FOUND, AND A... 04650 LD (HL) ,01H {LINE # (1) ALSO. files, calls to machine language 04660 INC HL LD and the ability to create turn-key 04670 (HL) ,00H 04680 LD HL,(BASTRT) ;GET START OF BASIC PROG packages. Pascal 80 is a nearly 04690 PUSH HL (SAVE IT 04700 LD DE.0BH BYTES TO START... complete subset of standard {» 04710 ADD HL,DE {OF 2ND LINE. Pascal, including structured types, 04720 EX DE.HL {MOVE RESULT INTO 'DE' 04730 POP HL (GET START OF PROGRAM records, pointer variables files. and 04740 LD (HL) ,E (SET UP NEXT LINE POINTER 04750 INC HL 04760 LD (HL) ,D --TRS-80 Models I, III and 4- 04770 INC HL Pascal 80 - $79 + $2 shipping 04780 LD (HL) ,00H (SET UP LINE « AS 04790 INC HL Graphics Extensions for Radio 04800 LD (HL) ,00H Shack hi-res board - $39 04810 INC HL 04820 LD BC,05H Pascal 80 Trial Version -$15 04830 PUSH HL (GET HL INTO DE 04840 POP DE --for CP/M 80 2.2or3.0-- 04850 INC DE (POINT TO NEXT CHARACTER 04860 LD (HL) ,'U' ;PAD LINE WITH... Kaypro, LoboMax 80, Apple, Epson 04870 LDIR (ASCII 'U'b. Osborne, and other computers. 04880 LD (HL) ,00H ,-END OF LINE MARKER 04890 ;** ***« ...... *..*...**...... *...... Call or write for other formats 04900 WE HAVE NOW RE-ESTABLISHED THE PROGRAM LINKAGE FOR ** 04910 (** BASIC. THERE IS ONE THING LEFT TO DO; LOCATIONS ** Pascal 80 CP/M - $39 + $2 04920 ;** 719FH k 71A0H CONTAIN THE ADDRESS THAT IS THE END ** ... shipping 04930 OF THE BASIC PROGRAM + 3 BYTES, AND THE 'NEW' ** 04940 COMMAND RESETS THAT POINTER, SO NOW WE SEARCH FOR ** 04950 . .. THE END OF THE PROGRAM, MARKED WITH TWO BYTES OF ** Pascal 80 School Package 04960 ;** 00H, INC HL BY 3 TO POINT AT THIS LOCATION, THEN ** . .. (TRS-80 or CP/M versions) -$279 04970 RE- ESTABLISH THE END OF PROGRAM MARKER IN THE ** 04980 •** COMMUNICATIONS REGION AT 719FH & 71A0H. ** 04990 ;** NOTE: THE ABOVE LOCATIONS ARE 611BH & 611CH ** 05000 . .. IN BASIC 01.00.00. SEE BASEND AT START OF PROGRAM.** 05010 05020 LD A,00H (END OF PROG MARKER E LASSICS 05030 LD HL,(BASTRT) (GET START OF PROG ADDR N ^UC 05040 UNNEW3 LD E. (HL) (GET ADDRESS OF NEXT... 05050 INC HL (LINE POINTER INTO DE. 05060 LD D,(HL) 05070 EX DE,HL (MOVE IT INTO HL SO... 05080 CP (HL) (WE CAN TEST FOR ZERO. SOFTWARE 05090 JR NZ,UNNEW3 (IF NOT ZERO, GO TEST... 05100 INC HL (NEXT LINE POINTER,... 05110 CP (HL) (ELSE TEST NEXT BYTE. 05120 JR Z.UNNEW4 (IF IT IS ALSO ZERO,... 05130 {HAVE END OF PROGRAM,... 05140 DEC HL (ELSE DEC HL TO POINT... 05150 JR UNNEW3 (AT NEXT LINE POINTER... 239 Fox Hill Road Denville, NJ 07834 201-625-8838 Listing I continued

66 • 80 Micro, November 1984 You've Got ACCESS TOTAL *) ( specializing In TRS80 TO YOUR COMPUTER HARDWARE & SOFTWARE Rose NEEDS. CALL ROSE TODAYI QUALITY DISK DRIVES ROSE GETS RIGHT! • These drives are complete with power supply, cover and

external drive connector For TRS-80 Model I, III. 4. IBM PC and others All drives are Double Density and step at 6ms or less SS means single head, DS is double head Specify white or silver color cover Add $5 per ROSE'S drive shipping unless otherwise specified All drives have NOW— a one year warranty on parts and labor COMPLETE FULL SIZE 5.25" DISK DRIVES MOD 4 CP/M 40tk Single Side Tandon TM 100-1 $ 189 40tk Dual Side Tandon TM 100-2 243 80tk Dual Side Tandon TM101-4 297 COMPLETE HALF-HIGH 5.25" DISK DRIVES $69 Complete with Manual

lea 40tk SS TEAC FD-55A in dual case $ 189 2ea 40tk SS TEAC FD-55A in dual case 324 Rose has developed this streamlined version of CP/M 2.2 that lets lea 40tk DS TEAC FD-55B in dual case 243 2ea 40tk DS TEAC FD-55B in dual case 424 you run most of your favorite CP/M programs. They are in stock, 1ea 80tk DS TEAC FD-55F m dual case 297 ready to ship to you at this unprecedented low price. 2ea 80tk DS TEAC FD-55F m dual case 522

8' COMPLETE DISK DRIVES Pledse add $5 handling charge to orders under $50 ArK S'C shipping je< 2 S" TRS-80 MODEL I DOUBLE DENSITY CONTROLLERS ORDER NOW! 2ea SS TM848-1E's in dual case with fan S699 Add S3 slipping 2ea DS TM848-2E s in dual case with fan 849 Aerocomp DDC" Really the best by test $99 TOLL-FREE BARE 5.25" A 8" DISK DRIVES Aerocomp DDC with LDOS 149 Aac S4 sr.»nc p« drive Aerocomp "DDC with NEWDOS 80-v2 189 800-527-3582 8' LNDoubler 5"/8" if you need drives 169 40tk SS. Full Size, Tandon TM100-1 $ 159 40tk DS. Full Size. Tandon TM 100-2 199 Orders Only Please 80ik DS, Full Size, Tandon TM101-4 269 MEDIA SUPPLIES A Call in your order or write to us at the address 40tk SS, Half-High, TEAC FD55-A 159 below. Texas residents call us at 214-337-4346 40tk DS. Half-High. TEAC FD55-B 199 5 Oiskenes SSOD. Lifetin-e Guarantee Pk ot 10 S 16 5" 80tk DS. Half High, TEAC FD55-F ..... 269 Diskettes DSOO Lifetime Guarantee Pack o» 10 21 and deduct $2.0X3 from your order but you 8 SS. Thinlme. Tandon TM848-1E 290 5 Fbpsort. holds 75 Diskettes 19 should remind me 'cause sometimes I forget. If 8" DS, Thinlme, Tandon TM848-2E 390 8 Diskettes SSDO Lifetime Guarantee Pack ot 10 29 8 Disketted DSDO Lifetime Guarantee Pack of 10 34 you need technical information or service please 8 Flipson holds 60 Diskettes 29 call the Texas number as the Toll Free lines are TRS-80 MODEL HI/4 DISK DRIVE KITS 5 25 or 8 Head Cleaning Kit 9 A3C S8 Shipping pe- hi Letter Sue 20 ID Tractor Paper. 2900 sheets 25 just for orders only. Prices are subject to change LNW COMPUTERS without notice and are mail order only. I accept Internal drive kit complete with disk controller, power AMERICAN EXPRESS, MASTERCARD and VISA supply, mounting brackets, cables and all hardware plus THE LNW TEAM COMPUTER, 96K RAM 5 3MHz and I will not charge your card until I ship your step-by-step instructions This kit contains everything CPU speed High-Res B/W graphics H.gh-Res color 80 you need (except the , drive and goodies. You can send a check or a money x 24 video TRS-80 Model 1 . 3 and 4 compatible with a screwdriver) to convert cassette III or your Model 4 order. I also accept COO orders but they require the included Dosplus 4 Comes with CP/M 2.2 Has to fast reliable disk operation Don't confuse this quality RS-232C, parallel printer and cassette pons Use both cash or a cashier's check upon delivery. If kit with the high-priced npoffs Thousands of satisfied 5 " and 8" drives 8088 CPU and MS-DOS options Full shipping charges are not shown please call for customers cannot be wrong You can |Oin them for 1 year parts and labor factory warranty This machine only $ 199 the correct amount. Add $5.00 handling charge has everything you have ever dreamed of What are you Same as above but with 1-40tk drive if your order is less than $50.00. Shipping SS 350 waiting for? The list price of this fantastic unit is $ Same as above but with 2-40tk SS drives 499 charges quoted in this ad are for the lower 48 1,395 00 but Rose is going to give it to you for only $1,212 states only. Orders to Canadian address add

Alette inouOe S'8 iw s*t<0P"nr; $20.00 Documentation Fee if order is $500.00 OTHER DRIVE GOODIES PRINTERS A ACCESSORIES or more. Texans add State Sales tax. No tax AfJc S." shipping collected on shipments outside of Texas. Be ANADEX DP-9725, 240cps plus COLOR 1395 sure you know what you are buying. TRSDOS 1 3 Disk & Manual for Model III $ 23 10" PROWRITER 120cps, Wide Friction/Tractor . 349 SOFTWARE IS SOLD ON A REPLACEMENT TRSDOS 2 3 Disk 8. Manual for I Model 23 PROWRITER 2, 120cps, 15" Wide Fnct/Trac 595 - If it is TRSDOS 6 » Disk Manual for BASIS ONLY NO REFUNDS. defective & Model 4 29 STARWRITER F10-40cps Daisy Wheel 995 call for the Model I or III ... us for instructions. Please order from LDOS .69 LPRINTMASTER F10-55cps Fast Daisy Wheel 1299 me

NEWDOS 80 v2 for the Model I or III 129 Rutishauser Bidirectional Tractor 199 now—I need the money and I will not jack you 2-dnve cable for Model l/IH/4 24 Rutishauser Sheet Feeder, A Best One 695 around. All merchandise carries the original 2-dnve cable for IBM PC 40 A Cheap Good, Sheet Feeder for the F10 s 475 manufacturers' warranty and all repairs or 4-drive cable for Model I 34 Extender cable, 7" long 13 SPECIAL SOFTWARE adjustments will be made by the manufacturer 25' DEALS 5 power supply & encl . white or silver 59 Add S4 shipping or his designated representative. 8' power supply, fan & enclosure, beige 159 NEXT DAY SHIPMENT of Goods in Slock TRS-80 SPECIAL WordStar 3 3 (Specify MM or R/S format) $250 EQUIPMENT MailMerg, SpellStar, Starindex 220 WordStar Professional (Above 4 Progams) 450 TOTAL ACCESS ,- Holmes VID-80 Video and CP/M board for the Model III DataStar Data Entry & Retrieval 175 Comes complete P.O. Box 790276 with optional 64K RAM and CP/M 2 2 ReportStar Report Generator 150 No soldering required Easy installation $399 InfoStar Advanced DBMS (Above 2 Programs) .300 Dallas, Texas 75379 LNW 32K Expansion Interface W/RS232 329 dBASE II Complete With Disk Tutorial 385 12" Green Phosphor Monitor 79 Super Utility Plus 3 2 by Kim Watt 59 214-337-4346 12" Amber Phosphor Monitor 84 CP/M 2 2 for Model 4 by Monte Zuma 199 Copyright 16K 200 nsec RAM Guaranteed 1 year (8 chips) 13 1984 by Total Access Pickles 8. Trout CP/M 2 2m for the Model 2-12-16 64K 200 nsec Guaranteed 1 RAM year (8 chips) 64 Floppy Version 179 TRS 80 is a Trademark of the Tandy Corporation 64K RAM plus Genuine PAL for Model 4 upgrade 74 Same thing but the Radio Shack Hard Disk 219 CP/M is a Trademark of Digital Research

• See List of Advirtlstrs on Pag* 1 76 80 Micro, November 1984 • 67 . . x « C b- Z X X • B o. « 3 U HKt

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68 • 80 Micro, November 1984 .

From Computer Plus to YOU . .

PLUS after PLUS alter PLUS r=n=

MODEL 4 16K $510 Model 100 8K $49! Color Computer II MODEL 4 64K N1odel 100 24K $62 5 w/64K Ext. Basic $205 2 DISK & RS232 $1020

DMP120 $385 Color Computer Disk Drive DMP200 $520 Drive $289 Drive 1 $220

BIG SAVINGS ON A FULL COMPLEMENT OF RADIO SHACK COMPUTER PRODUCTS

COMPUTERS PRINTERS Model III/4 Drive 2 259 Model 4 Portable Silver Reed EXP400 D.W. 309 Model III '-4 Drive 3 220 64K 2 Drives 1020 Silver Reed EXP550 D.W. 430 Hard Disk M2000 1525 Pocket Computer 3 89 DWP410 1159 ETC. Pocket Computer 4 59 Gemini Powertype 345 CCR-81 Recorder 52 Model 2000 2 Drive 2299 CGP115 159 Cassette Tapes (10 Pk) 9.95 Model 2000 W'Hard Disk 3599 CGP220 Ink Jet 545 16K Ram Chips 25 Model 12 64K 1 Drive 2360 DMP110 305 64K Ram Chips 62.95 Model 12 64K 2 Drive 2950 DMP420 735 Model 4 64K Upgrade Kit 79.95 Model 16B 1Dr 256K 3375 Toshiba 1340 (24 wire head) 779 M100 Bar Code Reader 89 Model 16B 2Dr 256K 3965 Gemini 10X 289 64K Printer Butter 199 MODEMS Gemini 15X 409 Printer Stand 25 Hayes Smartmodem II 215 Panasonic P1091 315 Printer Cables Hayes Smartmodem 1200 505 Smith Corona Fastext 190 Printer Ribbons Novation Smartcat 1200 410 Prowriter 8510 345 Printer Paper Novation J-Cat 115 Okidata CALL Computer Books AC-3 125 Epson CALL

DC Modem I 89 DISK DRIVES Radio Shack software 10% off DC Modem II 160 Model IN/4 Drive 450 Send for complete listing of DC Modem 2212 315 Model III 4 Drive 1 195 brand name software and hardware. CALL TOLL FREE 1-800-343-8124 • LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES com • BEST POSSIBLE WARRANTY

• KNOWLEDGEABLE SALES STAFF P.O. Box 1094 • TIMELY DELIVERY 480 King Street • SHOPPING CONVENIENCE Littleton, MA 01460 SINCE 1973 IN MASSACHUSETTS CALL (617) 486-3193

TRS-80 is a registered trademark of landy Corp * -

1

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***** 10 'hhhHHHr'HH^HhHhHHHHeHHHHhhhHhhhhhhhhHHhHhtiriti^Hh^HhhHHEHHr'HH ***** UcaQQnoaQQQaQaQQQQQQQQaQQQQOQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQaQQQaQQQ a o co ® a CO k SCfiSSSCBSSSSSSC&SCfiSC9&CS®C9C9C&C9C&CSSCfiC&SCfiC&StfiC&IS(SC9C$)lSCt)lSCfi iSC&C&l&SlS SCBSSCfiBSS eo «-h (N ro ** u^rHi©r^cocncorHr^m^in*fii^cocrvcorHojro^in\or-co^corHr^ro^in rH rH r-i r-i «H

70 • 80 Micro, November 1984 COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE MODEM — 8Q COIWERT MOD III BASIC MOD 4 1 1 OUT TANDY 8000 TRS-80 Model l/lll or TRS-80 Model 4 If you own a TRS-80 Mod III and have resisted upgrading to the FEATURES TRS-80 Mod 4, IBM PC. or Tandy 2000 because your soltware

• I tie transfer* with operation I »emote of TRS-SO Model or III from a terminal or another THS-BO via modem would not be compatible, good news has finally arrived. EMSI —trar.jter files trym o' lo an unattended computer offers 3 powerful utilities for converting your Mod III BASIC • Erro' free file trarsfets win another TRS 80 or a computer using the CP/M program "MODEM" used widely on programs to run on any of these new machines. computer Bulletin boards (CP ' M user Group disk *?S) • Configured tor with use MicroNet the Source, Forum 80 Redefine parameters, character set. control charac The programs are menu driven, very easy to use and automatically tens to interface with Dow jones. WestLaw and other BBS Electronic mail capabilities translate 95% or more of even your largest BASIC programs in • Written

• Prepare file oft line with word processor or included program "SAVE/ CMD" If first transmission attempt tails, remove REM s. and flag and list unresolved line numbers. User data is still safely on disc and available for a second try guides explain program operation in complete detail, offer • Open Transmit ' Receive iT files / R| before going on line Toggle T / R files On / Off independently in specialized alternatives for revising lines that need manual intervention and application T / R diftereni files simultaneously Control codes for remote operations Transmit numerous hints for easier, more thorough conversions • single lines from a file allowing transmission lo be interallied with keyboard input, providing more •iprible response to prompts irom the remote Permits We transfer to a system that cannot accept lull speed CONV3T04 Converts TRS-80 Mod III BASIC fo transmission or does not use control codes to start/stop file transmission S 49 95 TRS 80 Mod 4 • DOS commands and programs which eiecule M the lower 16K may be executed while maintaining position in Hundreds o' satisfied users Ask to see program T files ' R Previous screen contents restored at completion of DOS command ""Be stars! at your IOC8I R.iriir SftKtl • Over 7000 satisfied users since 1981 Center

- NEW ENHANCED Model 4 Version CONV3TOPC NEW! Converts TRS 80 Mod III BASIC S139.95 to IBM PC" Has ail l/lll features PLUS: CONV3TO2000 NEW! Converts TRS 80 Mod III BASIC S139.95 • Menu prompted Configuration and Save To Disk lor i> Format options and /or Terminal Sellings 2) Code to Tondy 2000* Ir»"siation Taoies for Transmit Receive. Video 4 Printer. 3i Control Code Table. *i Toggle On/Of options of •includes convenient diskette Una Feed (accept /dropi. Send Slowly. 8 Receive Disk Buffer 51 Timed Character and /or Line Delay setting. 6i formatter and f/to tranafet program so '.hat Sei Prompt Character programs and tiles may be exchanged between machines without modems • Specific Transmit/ Receive commands tor CP'M lent files or MSOOS Diskettes and guides are packaged in deluxe three ring binders Use' Guides • Utilize optional 64K RAM as Receive Buffer • System Status Lines available separately for those who want complete details before ordering BENEFITS: entire package tSb-00 cash or MO only, credited to subsequent package order) • Configurations easily defined Irom menu Load Irom disk individually or as set lor specific a Host protocol TO - either liom withm program or on bootup ORDER CALL NOW TOLL FREE (Except NJI

• Permits compaiaOiiity with a vast array of computer networks and provides a high level ol customization 800 922 0786 including use ol your own encrypted codes NJ residents and local dealers: 201-879-5982 • Downioao larger files from Bulletin Boards without losing data MOOEM SO is I00S Radio Shack compatible and is fully supported by the author Leslie Mikesea EDUCATIONAL MICRO SYSTEMS, Inc. Available from ^^ PO Box 471 Chester. New Jersey 07930 ^^

in - [JEAIFR INQUIRIFS INVlTfD MOOEM 80 Model i / sells tor only $39 95 K 00 S4M A\ ALTERNATE CHOICE _ €»P MOOEM 80/ MAX (Lobo) sells lor only $49 95 - »2 00 S&H 9505 W Brown Deer Road j Terms: VISA Mastercard. MO. check, or COD Orders shipped within 24 MODEM 80 Model 4 sells lor onl, $79 95 $2 00 S&H / Milwaukee Wi 53224 hrs Add S3 00 shipping/handling Add 51,65 for COD. Foreign or first class, /"» 1414)355-4544 first add class postage (package wt 2 1 1A Ihs i NJ residents add 6% sales tax.

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TRS-80" "CAN YOU BUY DIRECT? WILL YOU PAY TOO MUCH? MODEL 4 128K 2 DRIVES

MODEL 12 768K 2 DRIVES wmmm Ask About Our MODEL 16B 768K 1 DRIVE "30 DAYS PLUS 15 MEG HARDDRIVE

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Located 30 miles from Fort Worth) GRANBURY • NR FORT WORTH, TEXAS 76048

TOLL FREE NUMBER: 1 800-433-S-AV-E TM TRADE MARK Monday thru Friday — 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Texas Time OF RADIO SHACK A\ (Order Inquiries/Customer Service &) IN TEXAS: 817-573-4111 Editext combines the simplicity of a full- screen editor with the efficiency of a line editor in only 2K of memory.

Hybrid Vigor

by Theodore Diament

f, for one rea- move the cursor anywhere on the The routines for each command can son or another, screen, but affect only one line. stand alone. They will all return to the you're dissatis- Because Editext saves all text in routine that calls them. For example,

fied with your ASCII format, you can use it in con- the routine SASC saves the text to an present Model junction with Basic and Scripsit, as ASCII disk file using a rarely publi- III text editor, you might find Editext well as with many other programs. cized ROM routine. the perfect alternative—it's written in Editext is excellent for editing pro- Regardless of the application, you'll machine language, takes only a few grams, storing recipes and phone find Editext to be a helpful and handy minutes to learn, and uses only 2K of numbers, displaying messages, or ex- editor. memory. amining disk files. In addition, you could easily apply You can reach Theodore Diament Defining an Editor Editext to a communications pro- at 148 Wellington Ave., New Ro- An editor lets you enter and correct gram. You can use it to edit a file be- chelle, NY 10804. data before processing it. Essentially, fore sending it over your modem. two types of editors are available: a full-screen editor and a line editor. A Using Editext Command Definition full-screen editor, like that in Scripsit, Open Opens a space for inserting a Editext is as easy to use as it sounds. lets you move the cursor anywhere on character directly from the screen to insert text or correct mis- You boot up Editext Delete Deletes a character on a line dis- DOS Ready and you're ready to pro- takes. Such an editor makes no Line Creates a new blank line cess text. Type your text directly onto tinction between lines, as it treats the Kill Deletes an entire line the screen or execute any one of the entire document as one unit. Print Sends text to line printer seven commands by hitting control In contrast, a line editor, such as the File Saves or loads text on disk keys) to- editor in Basic, treats each line as a (the shift and down-arrow Quit Exits Editext with first letter of the com- separate entity, delineated by a line gether the

the Table). In addition, the Table . Editext commands. number. To correct a mistake, you mand (see arrow let position the specify the appropriate line and make four keys you corrections within that line only. nondestructive cursor anywhere on Learning to use a line editor is gen- the screen. The program itself is short and eas- erally easier than learning a screen edi- The Key Box ily understood. The main routine, LOAD 80 tor, but it's much slower. This is espe- KBOARD, blinks the cursor until it cially true when you have to make a lot Model III receives a character from the key- of corrections. However, the line edi- 32KRAM board. If the character represents a tor is more efficient when you edit a Editor/Assembler it appropriate making cor- command, jumps to the program because you're Disk Drive rather than display the rections to a specific portion of the command, program only, rather than to the file as character on-screen. a whole. As a result, the editor saves just the corrections back to disk, in-

stead of the entire file. Program Listing. Editext, a machine-language text editor.

Editext 00100 ; 00110 ; Text Editor Written By Theodore Diament Editext offers the best of both 00120 ;

00130 ; Version With Disk Save worlds by combining the power of a 1.1 Routine 00140 ; full-screen editor with the simplicity of Listing continued a line editor. With Editext, you can

72 • 80 Micro, November 1984 I1

J7,e Master 1 isting continued Handicapper \\\ ^w

00150 ;

00160 ; 00170 BB6IM EOU 5200H iSND OF TRSDOS 00180 TXTBEG EQU BEGIN ; BEGINNING OF TEXT EVALUATES FROM RACING FORM! ouiyo TXTPOS EQU BEGIN+2 .•POSITION ON LINE OF TEXT Age Gender Poji (Today) 1 ,i ;END OF 1 g 1 TXTEND EQU BEGIN+4 TEXT Class Jockey (Today) Post (Last) 00210 BEGLIN EQU BEGIN+6 ; START OF LIME OK IBXI Condition Jockey ILact) Spaed 00220 sen in EQU BEGIN+8 .•SCREEN POSITION OF LINE Consistency Length Trainer 1 1 2 i 1 SCREEN EQU BEGIN+10 ;TEXT ON TOP SCREEN LINE Earnings Tune ol Year Workouts 00240 CCHAR EQU BBGXR+12 ; CURSOR CHARACTER And givet you GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION ol finish 00250 CHAR EQU BEGIN+14 ; KEYBOARD INPUT CHARACTER

1 1 J ( Tl.ML EQU BBGIM+16 (TIME OP CURSOR BLINK 19271 STORE1 BQD BEGIN+18 ; DUMMY STORAGE LOCATION PROGRAM 00280 STORE2 EQU BEGl: ; DUMMY STORAGE LOCATION GLD Thoroughbred Gold Edition™ 'sFfF 02 Ifl STACK EQU BEGIN+90 ; STACK POSITION A Full" leatured thoroughbred analysis designed tor me proles 00300 BUFFOS EQU UEGIN+92 ;DISK BUFFER POSITION sionaJ and serious novice $159 95 >'n-! -•- 00310 BUFFER EQU BEGIN+100 ;256 BYTE DISK BUFFER 00320 DCB EQU BBGXM+356 ;50 BYTE DATA CNTRL BLOCK EGLD. Enhanced Gold Edition™ 00330 ORG BFGIK+406 ; EXECUTION LOCATION

OVER MESSAGES •'!•. 00340 JP START ;SKIP . :..> poaajfdi prearaa * i :. " 00350 HELP DEFM 'Open Delete Line Kill Print ' and scores lo the t»t analysis win a single Keystroke ,' "File 1034 DEFM Quit* (Master Bettor TM .ncluded) $199.95 complete 00370 DEFB 3 00380 DISK DEFM Save to disk ot Load from disk?' GLTD. Limited Gold"™ 00390 DEFB 3 Enaoies Professional Handicappers 10 assign specific values 10 the 00400 SPEC DEFM 'Enter File Specification -: ' racing vaiiables thev 'eel eie important 00410 DEFB 3 PROFESSIONAL HANDICAPPING SYSTEMS 00420 TITLE DEFM JAX by Theodore Diament (c) 1983.' ** <• 4l 00430 DEFB 3 Age 5 Consistency '5 Speed 10 00440 START CALL WIT {INITIALIZE VARIABLES Cass

10521 CALL HELPER ; DISPLAY COMMANDS 00550 K BOARD LD SP, STACK .•CLEAR STACK 00560 CALL KBRD ;WAIT FOR A CHAR GD Gold Dog Analysis™ 00570 LD HL,KBOARD ;GET RETURN POSITION The only professional dog handicapper on the market, includes

00580 PUSH HL ;PUT IT ON STACK 1) Speed 6| Condition 00590 CP 9 ;IF RIGHT ARROW 2) Post Today 7) Running Style

00600 JP Z, RAROW ; THEN MOVE RIGHT 3) Kennel Bi Weight 00610 CP 8 ;IF LEFT ARROW 4) Post Last 9| AM new internal weighting 101 class indicator 00620 JP Z , LAROW ; THEN MOVE LEFT 5) Distance NEW It you are near a greyhound track you can ; afford not to use (his 00630 CP 4 > IF CONTROL 'D' 006 40 JP Z, DELETE ; THEN DELETE A CHAR P°9"™ $149.95 complete 00650 CP 15 ;IF CONTROL 'O' (with integrated Master Bettor™) $199.95 00660 JP Z,OPEN ;THEN INSERT A SPACE

00670 CP 10 > IF DOWN ARROW

006 80 JP Z , DAROW ; THEN MOVE DOWN 006 90 CP 0DH ;IF ENTER KEY MHH Waster Harness Handicapper™ 00700 JP 7. , DAROW j THEN CARRIAGE RETURN Professorial sohware designed to provide a thorough analysis of an 00710 CP 91 ;IF UP ARROW trotter ano pace/ races ** North America and Canada Features 00720 JP ) UP Z,UAROW THEN MOVE Class Post Positions Time Finish 00730 CP 11 ;IF CONTROL 'K' Dnver Track Conditions Time Last Quarter 00740 JP Z,KILL » THEN KILL A LINE Days Since Last Trainer Track Rating 00750 CP 12 ;IP CONTROL •L" Gender Time'* Temp Allowance

; THEN INSERT A LINE 1 1 1 1 JP Z.LINE $159.95 complete w/miegrated Mastei BettorTM $199.95 00770 CP 27 }1F CONTROL 'T'

00780 JP Z.TOP ; THEN GO TO TOP OF TEXT PPX Professor Jones' Football Predictor, Pn

00790 CP 16 ,-IF CONTROL *P' Complete FootDai 1 Analysis witn Data- Base

00800 JP Z, PRINT ; THEM SEND TO PRINTER 1) Overlays 4) OverfUnder bets 00810 CP 6 ;IP CONTROL ' F' ?) Point Spreads 5) Oata Base Stats

00820 JP Z,FILE ; THEN FILE ON THE DISK 3) Super Plays 6) Molds 100 teams e, 00830 CP 17 .•IF CONTROL "Q" Highest percentage ot winners 1983 $39-95 compiele 00840 JP ; THEN RETURN TO TRSDOS S.402D8 $99.95 with Data Base Management 00850 CP 32 j IS IT A BAD CHAR

00 860 M ; RETURN IF IS RET IT MB Master Bettor™ 008/0 LD HL, (BEGLIN) ;GET LINE OF TEXT $$ 00 880 CALL POS ;FIND CHAR POSITION A compliment to ALL Mastei Handicapper programs includes vvrvPate'Sriow 4) Tnfecta Money Management 00890 LD A, (CHAR) ;GET INPUT CHARACTER 'i 7) ,'i Qj i 5) Pik Si- 8) Odds Analysis 00900 LD (HL) ,A ;PUT CHAR IN RAM t • i i.i 6) Daily Double 9) and Much More 00910 CALL RAROW ;MOVE CURSOR RIGHT A pertec- program designed to use results trnm all Master Programs 00920 JP COPY .-COPY RAM TO SCREEN lo generate best bet 559.95 Lomplele 00930 RAROW LD A, (TXTPOS) jGET CURSOR POSITION AT 00940 CP 63 | IF RIGHT MARGIN Model 100 Portable Systems 00950 RET Z ; THEN RETURN TPl-Thoroughbred/PaceTM (24K) $99.95 complete 00960 INC A .-ELSE BUMP CURSOR POS 00970 JR LI .•STORE CURSOR POS DG < -Master Dog AnalysisTM ,24K) $99.95 complete 00980 LAROW LD A, (TXTPOS) .•GET CURSOR POSITION 00990 OR A }IF AT LEFT MARGIN LNW Computers 11000 RET Z ; THEN RETURN 01010 DEC A ;ELSE MOVE POS LEFT Call for Lowest Prices 01020 LI LD (TXTPOS) ,A ;STORE THE POSITION Sena check ' -noney order ' VISA I Maste'Ca'd 01030 RET (Include expiration datel to .1 ,' I 1 | DELETE CALL COUNT ;GET NUMBER OF CHAR Prof. Jones 01050 LD HL, (BEGLIN) .-GET START OF LINE 1114 N. 24th St. 01063 CALL POS ;GET ADDRESS OF CURSOR • 449 Tf ^P 01070 PUSH HL ; TRANSFER IT TO DE Boise, ID 83702 01080 POP DE ; DE-CURSOR ADDRESS 01090 INC HL ;HL=ONE ADDRESS TO RIGHT TELEPHONE 01100 LDIR {SCROLL THE TEXT (208) 342-6939 01110 JP BLANK >PUT A BLANK IN LAST POS SHIPPING ALL 01120 OPEN CALL COUNT .-GET NUMBER OF CHARS TERMS. FREE SOFTWARE Add $6.00 hardware / CO D. Add S6.00 I Add 3

Aeeks personal checks . Add 4 5*; ID res dents i

Add $600 outside US A I Puces subject to change Listing continued BROCHURE AVAILABLE

* See List ol Adwrtlstrs on Pag* 1 76 80 Micro, November 1984 • 73 8

Listing continued

01131 LD HL, (BEGLIN) ;GET START OF LINE

ULTIMATE 01140 LD DE,63 ; LENGTH OF LINE 01150 ADD HL,DE (HL-ADDRESS OF R-MARGIN

01160 PUSH HL ; TRANSFER IT TO DE 01170 POP DE jDE-RIGHT MARGIN • 1180 DEC HL ;HL-ONE TO THE LEFT PORTABLE 01190 LDDR ; SCROLL THEN LINE

ii ;< i . c JP BLANK ;PUT BLANK IN LAST POS

01210 DAROW CALL DTXT ; INCREASE BEGLIN BY 64

01220 CALL DSCN j INCREASE SCNLIN BY 64 01230 LD A, (CHAR) ;GET INPUT CHARACTER MODEM 01240 CP IM (IP IT IS CARRIAGE RETURN

01250 RET NZ ; NO IT IS NOT. SO RETURN

01260 LD A.0 ; YES IT IS. SO

01270 LD (TXTPOS) ,A ; MOVE CURSOR TO L-MARGIN Lap Computers 01280 RET 01290 UAROW CALL UTXT .•DECREASE BEGLIN BY 64 ' 1 ,i Portables | 1 JP USCN ;DECREASE SCNLIN BY 64 01310 KILL CALL NUMBER ;GET NUMBER OF CHAR Terminals 01320 LD DE,(BEGLIN) (GET CURRENT LINE OF RAM •1330 LD HL,64 ;ADD 64 01340 MX) HL.DE (SOURCE-1 LINE DOWN Home Computers 01350 LD DE, (BEGLIN) •DESTINATION-CURRENT LINE

01360 LDIR ; SCROLL THE TEXT 01370 LD IX, TXTEND j GET THE END OF TEXT 01380 CALL SUB ; DECREASE BY 6 4 01390 JP DITTO ;COPY TO SCREEN 01480 LINE CALL NUMBER ;GET NUMBER OF CHAR 01410 LD HI., 64 .•MUST SCROLL ANOTHER LINE 01428 ADD HL,BC ;HL=NUMBER OF CHAR 01430 PUSH HL ; TRANSFER HL 01440 POP BC ;TO BC-NUMBER OF CHAR

01450 LD HL.(TXTEND) ; SOURCE-END OF TEXT

01460 PUSH HL ; STORE IT 01478 LD IX,TXTEND ;GET END OF TEXT 014 88 CALL ADD .•EXTEND IT ONE LINE 01490 LD DE, (TXTEND) ; DESTINATION-NEW TEXT END 01500 POP HL .•RETRIEVE SOURCE 01510 LDDR ;CREATE A NEW LINE 01520 CALL CLEAR j CLEAR THE NEW LINE 01530 JP DITTO ;COPY TO SCREEN 01540 PRINT LD HL, (BEGLIN) jGET CURRENT LINE .n M P0 LD C,57 .-GET PAGE LENGTH 01560 PI LD B,8 ;L-MARGIN=8,R-MARGIN=7 2

01570 P3 LD A,' ' ;SEND CODE FOR SPACE 01580 CALL 3BH ;ROM LINE PRINT 01599 DJNZ P3 ,-LOOP TILL DONE • 16*0 LD B,64 .•COUNT FOR ONE LINE • 1610 P2 LD A,(HL) ;GET THE CHARACTER 01620 CALL 3BH .-SEND TO PRINTER

1630 INC HL j BUMP CURRENT CHARACTER 01640 DJNZ P2 .•LOOP TILL DONE

01650 LD A,0DH ; CARRIAGE RETURN 01660 CALL 3BH .•SEND C/R TO PRINTER • 1670 LD (STORED ,HL (STORE CURRENT TEXT POS 01680 LD DE, (TXTEND) (GET TEXT END • 1690 CALL SBC j IF WE ARE AT THE END

• 1700 RET P ( THEN RETURN

11711 LD HL, (STORED ; ELSE GET POSITION 1720 DEC C ;IF NOT AT END OF PAGE • 1730 JR NZ,P1 (THEN LOOP • 1740 LD B,8 (COUNT- • 1750 LD A,0DH (GET CARRIAGE RETURN CHAR 01760 P4 CALL 3BH (SEND TO PRINTER • 1770 DJNZ P4 ;FORM FEED PRINTER • 1780 JR P0 (LOOP TILL DONE 01790 TOP CALL INIT (GET INITIAL VALUES • 1800 JP DITTO (DISPLAY FIRST SCREEN 214/458-8094 01810 NUMBER LD HL, (TXTEND) (GET END OF TEXT • 182B LD DE, (BEGLIN) ;GET CURRENT LINE 01830 CALL SBC (FIND THE DIFFERENCE 01840 LD DE,63 (SUBTRACT 63 01850 CALL SBC (IF WE ARE ON LAST LINE

Centronics, Inc. 01860 JP Z.KBOARD ,• THEN RESTART 01870 PUSH HL ; ELSE TRANSFER HL

13613 Neutron 01880 POP BC ( TO BC-NUMBER OF CHAR 01890 RET Dallas, TX 75234 ..mc 01900 DTXT LD IX, BEGLIN ;GET CURRENT LINE • 1910 CALL ADD (MOVE DOWN ONE LINE COD. and checks accepted. 01920 LD DE, (TXTEND) (GET END OF TEXT 01930 CALL SBC (IF WE DID NOT EXCEED END Add $3.00 per unit for shipping 01940 RET M ( THEN RETURN and handling. Add $10.00 for 01950 LD IX, TXTEND ; ELSE GET END OF TEXT • I960 CALL ADD (EXTEND IT ONE LINE battery pack option. 01970 JP CLEAR jCLEAR THE NEW LINE 01980 UTXT LD HL,(TXTBEG) (GET START OF TEXT Detach and Return 01990 LD DE, (BEGLIN) (GET CURRENT LINE 02001 CALL SBC ;IF WE ARE AT THE TOP 02010 JP Z , KBOARD ; THEN RESTART 02020 LD IX, BEGLIN ; ELSE GET CURRENT LINE 02030 JP SUB ( MOVE IT BACK ONE LINE Name 02040 DSCN LD HL,(SCNLIN) .-GET CURRENT SCREEN LINE 02050 LD DE, 16192 jGET LAST SCREEN LINE Address 02060 CALL SBC (IF WE ARE ON LAST LINE 02070 JP Z,DSCREN ; THEN MOVE DOWN SCROLL 02080 LD IX.SCNLIN ( ELSE GET SCREEN LINE

City _ Listing continued State Zip-

74 • 80 Micro, November 1984 XENIX MULTI-USER SOFTWARE PROGRAMMING TOOLS FOR YOUR TRS-80® WE HAVE THE ANSWER! ACCOUNTING MODEL 16 TRS-80 INSTANT ASSEMBLER The INSTANT ASSEMBLER Is a powerful machine language development system for the ALSO AVAILABLE AS TRS 80 One program contains the editor, assembler, and debugger It allows you to SINGLE-USER FOR assemble directly to memory and immediately debug your programs with the built m single THE MODEL E & 12 stepping debugger Quickly switch from assembler to debugger and back again without losing the source code This feature makes INSTANT ASSEMBLER an excellent learning NEED SOMETHING tool for the beginner and a super fa»t development system for the experienced programmer SPECIAL' INSTANT ASSEMBLER has many other unique features It detects syntax errors as source is entered and stores Its source In a compressed format that uses only 40% as much memory as

other assemblers It is Incredibly fast and will assemble 10K of ob)ect code in )ust 8 seconds It will also create relocatable code modules that can be saved on disk or tape and linked CALL US! together for very large or modular assemblies INSTANT ASSEMBLER comes with a comprehensive 65 page instruction manual and Is available In several versions for different

OP SE« Xlb BLibINt bb machines The CP'M version does not run on all machines so Inquire before ordering 'h£ PROGBA" OOATFS TAPE INTASM 2.1 for Model 1 and 3 $39 95 DISK INTASM 2.1 for Model 1 and 3 $49.95 3.0 for Model 4 $69 95 • ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE • ACCOUNTS PAYABLE DISK INTASM DISK INTASM 3 for CP M $69 95 • GENERAL LEDGER • PAYROLL • INVENTORY/INVOICING • JOB COSTING INSIDE LEVEL II $595 EACH ;>if|( ATIONS ARE availaBIEi This book Is a comprehensive reference guide to the Model 1 and Model 3 ROMs which allows the machine language programmer to easily utilize the sophisticated routines they contain Concisely explains set-ups. calling sequences, and vanable passage for number conversion anthmeOc operations, and mathematical functions, as well as keyboard tape MANUFACTURING INVENTORY $995 and video routines In addition, the 18 chapters include a large body of other information & " useful to the programmer 80 Micro said "The book has no flaws: it is a perfect gem Byte " Magazine said 'I recommend this book to serious machine language programmers INSIDE. LEVEL U $15.95 THE PROGRAMMER & ASSOCIATES. INC 10802 FOREST LANE SUITE 110 DEMON DEBUGGER DALLAS. TEXAS 75243 DEIMON (for DEbugger and MONltor) is a sopl t ii. I tool *ith which you can explore and *' 248 m 1-214-341 9874 1 «\ ., debug machine language programs The STEP mode h,!5 IS* different commands and will step through machine language programs one instruction at a time, showing you the address hexadecimal value, Zilog mnemonic, register contents, and step count for each instruction Thi' MONITOR mode has 26 different commands including a labeling disassembler

DEMON Is available on tape or disk and Includes a comprehensive 40 page manual with many examples DEMON 1.0 for Model 1 and 3 $39.95 DEMON 2 for Model 4 $39.95 DISK INDEX DISK INDEX will assemble an alphabetized index of every disk In your collection Simply put each disk in the computer one after another and DISK INDEX will quickly read the program

names and free space left It will recognize any DOS and disk density (except CP'Ml and

catalog disks lor the Model 1 3 and 4 The whole index or any selected pan may be displayed on the screen or printed on paper in several different formats Display modes include programs grouped by disk name, by program name, disks in order of decreasing free space and by program showing the number of backup copies of each one The Index Itself may be stored on disk for future access and update A 48K machine will hold up to 255 disks

ot over 2000 programs in each file, and you can create as many files as you need DISK INDEX comes with a comprehensive 28 page instruction manual

DISK INDEX 3.2 for Model 1. 3. or 4 $39 95 TELCOM

Mumford Micro offers two telecommunications programs. TELCOM I has most of the features needed to communicate with bulletin boards, time share systems, or for file transfers

between two disk- based micros over modems or direct wire It Is menu driven and extremely

simple to use TELCOM II is an enhanced version of this program, which also supports the LYNC protocol which will automatically detect and correct errors in transmission Files can be sent to or fetched from an unattended computer The Instruction manuals lor both programs

are available separately for $5 to help you decide which program is best suited to your needs

TELCOM I for Model 1. 3. or 4 $39 95 WELSH SYSTEM'S "BLACKJACK TUTOR" will teach you basic TELCOM II for Model 1 or 3 $69 95 Blackjack strategy along with a simple card counting system. With just a few hours a week practice you will be able to play and MODEL I SPEED UP win in both Atlantic City and Las Vegas Casinos. The SK-2 is a hardware modification for the Model 1 that allows CPU speeds lo be increased by 50% or 100% Speeds may be changed with a toggle switch (not Included) or on software BLACKJACK TUTOR features 4 skill levels so you learn the same command It can also be configured to return to normal speed any time a disk is active It

techniques professionals use in an easy step by step fashion. Strategies mounts Inside the keyboard unit with only 4 necessary connections and is easily removed if

for I. 2. 4 or 6 deck games are included. You can even design the computer ever needs service The SK-2 has been field proven by 3 years of use. and comes fully assembled with socketed IC's. your own system, if you wish SK-2 $29.95 START WINNING NOW. ORDER TODAY!

(For III IV. I Model & disk required Write for availability dates on other models /

SPECIAL WELSH SYSTEMS ORDERING. Ten day money back guarantee. Include $2.50 for postage and handling. California residents add 6% sales tax. \A*a. MasterCard and COD orders arrepted ORDERS: $49. 95 INFORMATION: SPFCIFY MODFl NUMBFR Dealer inquiries invited. P.O. BOX 64 60 N. 3rd Si. (On Orders received EASTON, PA 18042 MUMFORD MICRO SYSTEMS Easton. PA 18042 before IS) Nov Please Add $2 (215) 250-8801 Box 400-E Summerland. California 93067 (805) 969-4557 REGULAR Shipping & Handling PRICE $69 ^8' PA Res add 6% sales tax

- See List of Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro. November 1984 • 75 Computer Listing continued

02090 JP ADD .•EXTEND IT ONE LINE Tutor 02100 USCN LD HL, (SCNLIN) ;GET SCREEN LINE 02110 LD DE,3C00H ;GET TOP LINE 02120 CALL SBC ;IF WE ARE AT TOP LINE 02130 JP Z, USCREN ;THEN SCROLL THE SCREEN

02140 LD IX, SCNLIN ; ELSE GET SCREEN LINE 02150 JP SUB ;MOVE IT BACK UP ONE LINE 02160 DSCREN LD IX, SCREEN ;GET THE SCREEN POINTER 02170 CALL ADD jMOVE IT DOWN ONE LINE 02180 JP DITTO ;COPY TO SCREEN 02190 USCREN LD IX, SCREEN ,GET SCREEN POINTER 02200 CALL SUB ;MOVE IT BACK UP ONE LINE 02210 JP DITTO ;COPY TO THE SCREEN VIDEO INSTRUCTION 02220 ADD LD HL,0019H ;ADD HL,DE INSTRUCTION 02230 JR ARITH ;PERFOR ARITHMATIC TAPES! 02240 SUB LD HL,052EDH ;SBC HL,DE INSTRUCTION 02250 ARITH LD (INST) ,HL .•PROGRAM THE INSTRUCTION STEP BY STEP 02260 LD DE,64 ;GET LENGTH OF A LINE 02270 LD H,(IX+1) ;GET MSB INSTRUCTIONS 02280 LD L,(IX) •GET LSB

02290 OR A ; CLEAR CARRY USE YOUR VCR SIDE BY SIDE 02300 INST SBC HL,DE ; PERFORM ARITHMATIC WITH YOUR COMPUTER TO 02310 LD (IX+1) ,H ; STORE MSB 02320 LD (IX) ,L ; STORE LSB LEARN HOW TO PROGRAM, AND 02330 RET 02340 SBC OR A .•CLEAR CARRY HOW TO USE PROGRAMS. YOUR 02350 SBC HL,DE ; SUBTRACT VCR ALONG WITH YOUR COM- 02360 RET 02370 POS LD D,8 .•MSB-0 PUTER SERVE AS YOUR PERSONAL 02380 LD A,(TXTP0S) ;GET CHAR POSITION TUTOR. PAUSE YOUR VCR TO RE 02390 LD E,A ;DE=CHARACTER POSITION 02400 ADD HL,DE ;HL=ADDRESS OF THE CHAR VIEW AND LEARN AT YOUR OWN 02410 RET PACE. 02420 BLANK LD A,' ' ; ASCI I BLANK 02430 LD (DE) ,A ; CLEAR LAST BYTE 02440 JP COPY ,-COPY TEST TO SCREEN CAT# TOPIC APPROX PRICE 02450 COUNT LD A,(TXTPOS) ;GET CHAR POSITION 02460 LD B,A ; STORE IT TAPES FOR THE TAS80 MODEL 1 3. 4, 02470 LD A, 63 ;GET POS OF RIGHT MARGIN 02480 OR A ; CLEAR CARRY OOS-I TRSDOS 1 3 90 MIN $3995 02490 SBC A,B ;IF CURSOR IS ON R-MARGIN 02500 JP Z,KBOARD ; THEN RESTART DOS-6 TRSDOS 6 105MIN $39 95 02510 LD C,A ; ELSE C=NUMBER OF CHAR D0S-3 NEWDOS 80 105MIN S39 95 02520 LD B,0 ,-BC-NUMBER OF CHAR

• DOS-2 DOSPLUS 3 5 V "J S39 95 02530 RET 02540 COPY LD HL,(BEGLIN) ;GET CURRENT LINE DOS-5 LDOS 105MIN $3995 02550 LD DE, (SCNLIN) ;GET CURRENT SCREEN LINE DOS-7 CPM2 2 105 MIN $3995 02560 CALL STORE .•STORE THEM BOTH MONTEZUMA 02570 JP COPYL ;COPY TEXT TO THE SCREEN 02580 COPYL CALL RESTOR ;HL-TEXT RAM,DE=SCREEN D0S-4 MUITIOOS 105 MIN $39 95 02590 LD BC,64 ;COUNT =64 EW-1 VISICALC 90 MIN $3995 02600 LDIR ;COPY TEXT TO SCREEN EW-7 MULTIPLAN 90 MIN $3995 02610 RET 02620 DITTO LD HL, (SCREEN) ;GET THE SCREEN POINTER WP-1 LAZY WRITER 105 MIN $39 95 02630 LD DE,3C00H ;GET TOP OF SCREEN MEM WP-2 SUPERSCRIPT 105 MIN $39 95 02640 CALL STORE ; STORE BOTH VALUES ;COPY TEXT TO SCREEN WP-3 SCRIPTSIT 90 MIN $39 95 02650 DTI CALL COPYL 02660 CALL STORE ; STORE THE VALUES AGAIN WP-4 NEWSCRIPT 105 MIN $39 95 02670 LD HL, 16255 ;LAST SCREEN LOCATION AT SCREEN END DB-I PROFILE III PLUS 105 MIN $39 95 02680 CALL SBC ;IF WE ARE 02690 RET M ; THEN RETURN OB-2 PFSFILE 90 MIN $39 95 02700 CALL RESTOR ; ELSE RETRIEVE POINTERS DiO-3 TRSDOS 1 3 105MIN $39 95 02710 LD DE,(TXTEND) ;GET END OF TEXT ;IF WE ARE NOT AT END DISK l-O 02720 CALL SBC 02730 JP M,DTl ; THEN LOOP TILL DONE DI0-4 TRSDOS 6 105 MIN $39 95 02740 CALL RESTOR ; ELSE RETRIEVE POINTERS DISK I/O 02750 EX DE,HL ;HL=CURRENT SCREEN POS OF SCREEN BP-1 LEARNING MOD180MIN $49 95 02760 JR CLS ;CLEAR TILL END 1 02770 CLS LD (HL), ' ; CLEAR A SCREEN BYTE 3 4 BASIC 027 80 INC HL ;BUMP THE POINTER BP -2 LEARNING MOD180MIN $49 95 02790 LD A, 63 ;GET MSB AT END OF SCREEN ;IF MSB IS NOT AT END ONE BASIC 02800 CP H 02810 JR NZ,CLS ; THEN LOOP TILL DONE TC 1 MTERM 45 MIN $29 95 02820 LD A, 127 ;GET LSB AT END OF SCREEN UT-1 DOTWRITER 75 MIN $29 95 02830 CP L ;IF WE ARE AT SCREEN END

02840 RET Z t THEN RETURN

02850 JR CLS ; ELSE LOOP TILL DONE VHS or BETA 02860 CLEAR LD HL, (BEGLIN) ;GET CURRENT LINE 02870 LD B,64 ;COUNT=LENGTH OF LINE FORMAT 02880 CLl LD (HL),' ' ; CLEAR A BYTE 02890 INC HL ;BUMP POINTER Add S3. 00 per order for 02900 DJNZ CLl ;LOOP TILL DONE shipping and handling. 02910 RET 02920 MESAGE LD HL,3F80H ;GET LAST SCREEN LINE Add S3. 00 for CO. D. 02930 LD (4020H) ,HL ;SET ROM CURSOR POSITION 02940 CALL CLEAR+3 ; CLEAR BOTTOM LINE POINTS TO MESSAGE VI&A 02950 EX DE,HL ;HL 02960 JP 021BH ;ROM DISPLAY VIDEO LINE 02970 STORE LD (STORED ,HL ; STORE HL 02980 LD (STORE2) ,DE .•STORE DE TO ORDER PHONE or WRITE 02990 RET 03000 RESTOR LD HL, (STORED .•RESTORE HL COMPUTER SERVICE 03010 LD DE, (STORE2) ; RESTORE DE LYNN 03020 RET 6831 West 157th Street 03030 INIT LD HL.BEGIN+800H ;GET START OF TEXT RAM 03040 LD (TXTBEG) ,HL ;SET TEXT BEGINNING Tinley Park. Illinois 60477 (312)4291915 ^H5 Listing continued

76 • 80 Micro, November 1984 A

DISK N DATA ATTENTION TRS-80* OWNERS! EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE AND DISKS D0NT SCRAP YOUR MODEL I... LIFETIME CVMPnM BULK DISKETTE IT O I INV^VyiVI iRROR FREE 100° iCERTIFiwo WARRANTY CONVERT INTO A MODEL III WORK-ALIKE SYNCOM diskettes with a lifetime warranty High quality packed m polybages of 10 with TYVEC envelopes. Labels With and Hubnng. 100 % errorfree with a Lustrum Finish, a new • process that enhances electrical performance, High Disk Controller PlayBack signal, low noise, syncom has a increasing media • 48K RAM RS-232** life, a Quality Disk AND ALL OTHER $ $ *-J^W., MODEL III FEATURES SSDD ea- -|3QDSDD ea- -i 185 The Norcom TC-III is a replacement for the entire Model electronics perfectly 5V4Qty20l 5V4Qty20 1 which fits into your original Model I enclosure. MICROPHS A name in Educational Software dedicated to education Features Microphs Program designed for use on Apple lllle IBM PC Radio Shack Assembled &

Uses I keyboard TRS-80. , PET'CBM. VIC 20 Mod case, monitor & power Tested TC-III supply with Basic ROMS Physics • Chemistry • Calculus • Probability • Scholastic Includes lull 48K memory disk controller

printer A external I O ports same Model III Aptitude Test Analogies, Mathematics. Vocabulary • Physical as 00 All Model III features plus reverse video & Science 399 • Spelling • Jr.&Sr High Mathematics • School output to drive external speaker with no Attendance System • Exam Analysis • Exam Generating additional hardware Uses Model III Basic ROMS or other EPROMs Factory System • Library Management System • Rolladex System Mail Runs Model III software Conversion

of your Model I List! Telephone Directory • Recreational Word Games No expansion interface needed - it's all built-in EDUCATIONAL CATALOG $100 Free with Order RS-232 add-m accessory board available Deluxe Keyboard Available - make your own 00 portable 499 Flexible Disk Tray Vinyl Storage Sleeves 5'U with Key Locking Lid 'or three ring notebook • Deluxe Keyboard -. rtft rtrt •RS-232 Interface Board 40 Disks capacity $22.55— $4.00 shipping 5' « 2-Disks per page with Numeric Pad >yy.UU fit in case $49.00 90 Disks capacity $37.80— $5.00 shipping Catalog Cards included Illinois Residents add 7% Sales Tax Factory Conv add $10 Almond Color base with clear top. 00 Minimum order 20 pages TC-III Board Add $5 00 Shipping COD'S require 10% payment Plastic Dividers which snap lock in Ea 59' ' $1 50 Shippmc & Insur w order Each tile tray has a key locking lid. *^541 "RS-232 is optional 'TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corp

ShipfMHj 5'/. Disk, in- AcM $300 per 100 or DISKS N DATA Fewer Diskettes COO orders. Add S3 00 New York customer. Add 8". T.i« NORTHERN INFORMATION 153 Kings Highway Payment Money orders. Bank Check TECHNOLOGY CORP. Brooklyn NY 11223 Nationwide: 1-800-842-5400 748 W ALGONQUIN RD . ARLINGTON HTS I L 6000b , Educational Software In New York: 1-212-837-7563 and Disks 312-640-3220

#

COPYCAT 3 will allow you to make an exact duplicate of virtually all of your disk- ettes even if they are protected. And this includes your games and utilities. COPY- CAT 3 automatically analyzes, formats, copies and verifies each track of the diskette you are duplicating. The entire process is amazingly fast, typically less than 70 seconds and even less with verify turned off.

COPYCAT 3 is intended for your personal use only, in making backup copies of your protected software.

COPYCAT 3 will run on the TRS-80 Model 3, 4 or 4P computers. COPYCAT 3 $49.95

Please add $2.00 for postage and handling. CA residents add 6% sales tax. All orders are normally shipped the next business day via first class mail. fc^ TT:i^T^g;lto;T;^:M 2170 W. Broadway, #501 Anaheim, CA 92804 j (714)772-5000 Dealer inquiries on your letterhead are welcomed.

*• See List of Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro. November 1984 • 77 < J

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78 • 80 Micro, November 1984 pftOV

SYSTEM DIAGNOSTIC TYPITALL Is your computer working correctly'-" Are you sure? Find out The most powerful TRS-80 Word Processor for certain with Diagnostic, System which has complete diagnostic TYPI'IALL is a word processor which is upward compatible with tests for every component of your TRS-80 ~ Model 1. 3 or 4 SCRIPSn"* for the TRS-80" Model 1. 3 and 4 It includes many power- • ROM: checksum tests ful features, too numerous to list here Following are some of them •RAM: three tests including every location and data value. • Spelling checker with 29.500 word dictionary available • Video Display: character generator, video RAM. video signal • Verify 3.500 word document in less than two minutes • Keyboard: every key contact tested • Send any control or graphic/special character to the printer • Line Printer: character tests with adjustable platen length • Print text on the screen before going to the printer • Cassette Recorder: read, write, verify data •Send the formatted text to disk file for later printing • Disk Drives: disk controller, drive select, track seek, read sectors, • Merge data from a disk file during printing. formatting, read/write/verify data with or without erasing, disk drive • Print formatted text during editing (spooling) timer, disk head cleaner Single or double density. 1-99 tracks • Assign any sequence of keystrokes to a single control key •RS-232-C Interface: connector fault, data transmission, framing, •Call up 16 HELP screens at any time data loop, baud rate generator • Move cursor forwards or backwards by character, word. line, or page

Individual or continuous testing mode, reports optionally written to • Reenter the program with all text intact if you accidentally exit without line printer. Separate versions for Models 1. 3. and 4 (Cassette and saving the text ROM tests not included in Model •True Model 4 (TRSDOS and Model 4 version ) 6) 1/3/4 versions " System Diagnostic (specify Model) $99.95 "If you like SCR1PSIT". you'// probably love TYPITALL. 80 Micro. TYPITALL demo version $49.95 TYPITALL complete version $129.95 SMART TERMINAL TYPITALL with spelling checker $174.95 The intelligent communication pro- gram. Use your TRS-80 to communicate SMALL with other computers, bulletin boards, BUSINESS information services, time sharing, or for MANAGEMENT data transmission and reception SYSTEM •Memory buffer holds data to be transmitted or received An integrated package that allows you to use •Automatic transmission from buffer your computer to manage a small • Automatic storage into buffer business. • • Character translations Order Entry: enter orders, pnnt invoices, and recall and change • Data files compatible with word pro- invoices from processors and BASIC programs past orders Use preprinted forms or •True BRF.AK key plain paper • Bookkeeping: • Create "personalized" back-up copies complete general ledger by user-defined •Model 1/3/4 version supports both cas- categories sette and disk systems. •Accounts Receivable: interacts with order entry by invoice • Model 4 (TRSDOS 6) and Model number •Inventory: 2/12/16 (CP/M) versions available complete summary of products sold by part number and price Model 1 . 3 or 4 version $74.95 TRS-80" MODEL III invoiced

Model 2/12/16 (CP/M) version . $79.95 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE •Installation package tailors the pro- grams to your business A complete course in assembly Requires minimum 2 floppy disk language, written for the beginner. HOME BUDGET and drives or hard disk. 80-column printer Contents include: CHECKBOOK ANALYST Available for: TRS-80" Models 1/3/4. • The Z-80 instruction set 2/12/16. IBM/PC. Kaypro II. and many Combines the functions of a check- •TRS-80" Model III ROM and RAM other CP/M computers book program with budget analysis, • Using the Fditor/Assembler All comparisons, monthly and year to date • Reading, printing, and moving data versions $250.00 summaries, and projections • Arithmetic operations with integers Model 1/3/4 disk version $59.95 • Floating-point and BCD numbers SMALL • Logical and bit operations Model 1/3/4 cassette version . . $29.95 BUSINESS Mod. 2/12/16 or IBM/PC version $69.95 • Cassette input and output • USR subroutines in BASIC ACCOUNTING • RS-232-C data communications Based on Dome Bookkeeping Record • MAILING LIST Disk input and output *612. this program keeps track of income, • The TRSDOS 13 disk operating system expenses, and payroll for a small business Maintains mailing lists of up to 1328 With the book you can also purchase (payroll not included in cassette version) names disk file per Add. change, delete Monitor *5, a comprehensive machine Computes monthly, through last month, or find names Sort according to data in language monitor and debugger program and year to date summaries, balance any fiels Labels printed in 1.2. 3. or 4 (Monitor *5 also avail for Models 1 & 4.) sheet, complete payroll records columns with adjustable tabs. Book only $16.95 Model 1/3/4 disk version $59.95 Model 1, 3 or 4 version $69.95 Monitor *5 only $22.95 Model 1/3/4 cassette version . . $29.95

Mod. 2/12 or IBM/PC version . $79.95 Book and Monitor *5 on disk. . . $29.95 Mod. 2/12/16 or IBM/PC version $69.95

24-Hour TOLL-FREE Order Number: I or information call: Howe Software Outside California call: (914) 6341821 14 Lexington Rd . New City. NY 1095b (800) 428-7825. ext. 169 Add $3 00 postage & handling. Inside California call: Developing software for TRS-80 New York residents add sales tax computers since 1979 ^\ (800) 428-7824. ext. 169 Visa. Card, or Master COD orders onlv •1HS-W.I it a Uddrmaik of tandy I orp MAD finds out where Model 4 machine- language programs load and execute.

Finding the Right Address

by John Ratzlaff

f you want to example, MAD will display its own The traditional comment block some- find out where a load addresses if you type in MAD times contains only the file name, machine-lan- MAD. The resulting display is: while another new type of comment guage program block contains other notation, such as loads in RAM 2400-258F copyright or authorship information.

or how much memory it takes up, you Exec = 2400 Another new block is the patch

have to know the file's load addresses. block. Like a comment block, it iden- DOSPLUS and LDOS for the Model This tells you that the MAD/CMD tifies the object code block that fol-

III provide address mapping utilities, program loads from 2400-258F hex lows it as a patch. When you remove a but Model 4 DOSes don't. That leaves and executes at 2400 hex. If you don't patch using the DOS's Yank function, Model 4 users with no choice but to enter a file name extension, the utility the patch code is not removed; in- search files by hand for load address- automatically adds the /CMD exten- stead, the object code block gets a new es. I've developed a Model 4 address sion since that's the one most load block identifier byte telling the DOS mapping utility called MAD (mapped module files use. You can specify an- loader to ignore that block. addresses) that does the job for you. other extension, too, as in MAD LE- All blocks begin with a block identi- SCRIPT/DVR. MAD displays the load addresses of fier byte (see the Table): 05 indicates a Under TRSDOS 6.X, system files the blocks in a load module. A load comment block, 01 an object code (such as Basic) have their own pass- module is a disk file that contains code block, 02 an execution address block, words they're listed in the technical you load in memory and execute, usu- — and 07 a patch block. After the identi- manual. To use the MAD program ally as a machine-language program. fier byte comes a byte indicating the with these files, you must type in the Using the utility, you can determine number of bytes to follow in the password; for example, BASIC/ where these programs load, where MAD block. The remaining bytes contain in- CMD.BASIC. they execute, and how much memory formation about the program or code you want to load. they occupy. Load Module For instance, you can discover that For example, an entire comment Microsoft Basic, included with TRS- Format Explained block might look like this: 05 06 53 43 54. identifies DOS 6.X, loads from 3000-8 IFF hex- The load module format is one as- 52 49 50 The 05 byte the adecimal (hex) and begins execution at pect of the TRS-80 line that has re- block as a comment block. The 06 tells 7F0C hex. You can also learn that the mained fairly constant from DOS to you that 6 bytes will follow; those 6 BE1 Basic enhancements package sup- DOS and from the Model I to the bytes contain the first six letters of the plied with DOSPLUS IV consists of Model 4. The standard format speci- file name, SCRIPT in this case. A is: 02 02 many little sections of code that over- fies that the file be in blocks, each of sample execution block 00 70, write Microsoft Basic, as well as one which begins with a byte identifying where the execution address is or two large sections of code. the type of block. 7000 hex. Traditionally, the format comprises In an object code block, the 2 bytes Program Notes three types of blocks. Comment

I wrote using the M-ZAL as- blocks identify the purpose of the file MAD The Key Box sembler and TED text editor that and are not loaded into memory. Ob- LOAD 80 come with DOSPLUS IV/A for the ject code blocks contain the actual Model 4 Model 4. It works under TRSDOS program code and the address at 64KRAM 6.X or DOSPLUS IV because it uses which the computer starts loading that Basic supervisory calls common to both op- code. Execution (transfer-address) Assembly Language erating systems. blocks specify the transfer address of a Editor/Assembler You execute the program at the machine-language program. or DOS level by typing in MAD followed Recently, several new block types TRSDOS 6.X DOSPLUS IV by the name of a load module file. For have been included in the standard.

80 • 80 Micro, November 1984 .

that follow the length-of-block byte define the address where the computer Byle Description B>te Description should load the code. Take, for exam- 01 Object code block 07 Patch (comment) block ple, a block containing these bytes: 01 02 Execution address block 10 Yanked patch object code block 04 00 F0 F3 C9. The 01 indicates an 05 Comment or file name block IF Comment block object code block; the 04 means 4 bytes will follow; the 00 and FO bytes Table. Block identifier bytes. are the address (F000 hex); therefore, the two remaining bytes, F3 and C9, load at F000 and F001 hex. Usually, when the operating system their loads large sections of code, Program Listing /. Assembly-language \

,' ,. 1

00400 JR Z, COMENT ; COMMENT BLOCK tain only one execution block, and 00404 CP 1FH

Z , COMENT that block must be at the end. It's 00408 JR 00410 CP 1 theoretically possible to have more 00420 JR Z, BLOCK ; OBJECT CODE BLOCK 00424 CP 10H than one execution block, but the 00428 JR Z, BLOCK ; YANKED PATCH OBJECT CODE BLOCK DOS program loader won't load any 00430 CP 2 00440 JR Z , EXEC EXECUTION ADDRESS BLOCK blocks after the first execution block. 00450 CP 7 00460 JP Z , PATCH ; PATCH BLOCK Therefore, the MAD program ends 00470 ABORT LD HL.MSG1 ;LOAD FILE FORMAT ERROR CALL MSG following an execution block. If the 00480 BC A 9? CALL CLOSE ;CLOSE FILE program finds no execution block, or 00500 JP DOS •GO TO DOS 00510 COMENT LD A, (FLAG) if it locates a block with an identifier 00520 OR A 00530 CALL NZ.SHWEND byte other than those listed in the Ta- 00540 COMM1 CALL GET ;GET » OF BYTES IN BLOCK ble, it aborts with a "Load File For- 00550 LD B,A 00560 CLOOP CALL GET j GET COMENT BYTE mat Error" message. 00570 CALL DSP ; DISPLAY IT 00580 DJNZ CLOOP Program Listing 2 is the MAD utili- 00590 CALL CR ; PRINT CR ty in Basic—it's much slower than the 00600 JR MAIN ;GO BACK TO MAIN LOOP 00610 BLOCK CALL GET (GET BLOCK LENGTH Assembly-language program, of 00620 LD B,A GET (GET BLOCK LOAD ADDRESS course. You can figure out the logic of 00630 CALL 00640 LD L,A the routine by looking at the Basic 00650 CALL GET 00660 LD H,A program. I used DOSPLUS Enhanced 00670 CALL CPHLIY ,- COMPARE HL,IY 006 80 JR Z.SKIP2 ;SAME ADDR - DON'T DISPLAY OLD ADDR. Basic, which allows labeled address- 006 90 LD A, (FLAG) 00700 OR A ing. convert it to standard TRS- To 00710 CALL NZ.SHWEND DOS Basic, remove all the Name com- 00720 SKIP2 LD A, (FLAG) 00730 OR A mands and replace the labels in the 00740 JR NZ.SKIP3 ; TRANSFER HL TO DE statements with the appropri- 007 50 PUSH HL GOTO 00760 POP DE ate line numbers. 00770 PUSH DF. (SAVE ADDRESS IN IY 007 80 POP IY 007 90 CALL HEX (DISPLAY BLOCK START ADDRESS

' 00800 LD HL,MSG2 ) - ' 00810 CALL MSG John Ratzlaff is a math teacher. L't'L'^l) SKIPS DEC B (COMPENSATE FOR ADDRESS BYTES You can write him at Mount Pisgah Listing 1 cunimmil Academy, Candler, NC 28715.

80 Micro, November 1984 • 81 ) 32

SuperSCRIPSIT Printer Drivers

Easily ana automadeeey atteen >w pooler to Sup«iSCHiP'.:T w.m an ALPS software driver program Ow IOC oVIferenl printer* supported No need 10 Wn special codes Can or write vw latest Product nove». Listing 1 continued Sneet describing 'eature. supported on «»ch pumt proportional etc 00630 DEC B $49 or J59 eecn depending on eec.n pj 00840 BLOOP CALL GET ,GET BYTE AND THROW IT AWAY INC IY ; UPDATE ADDRESS COUNTER Use Memory as Disk' Mod 4(111) 00850 00 860 DJNZ BLOOP j LOOP FOR ALL BYTES IN BLOCK using your *«t' rnemory d"we MCMOSK Speed up programs py a a* a Use 00870 LD A.l /SET FLAG as »out Ssatfrm Om» sk Uses 80* or t?»x memory 00 900 EXEC LD A, (FLAG) (6aK on «P| (LOOS only I 00910 OR A 00920 CALL NZ, SHWEND FOR TANDY 2000 00930 CALL GET ;HOW MANY BYTES IN BLOCK? NEW 00940 CP 2 ; SHOULD BE 2, OR ELSE1 (and IBM PC) 00950 JR NZ, ABORT IMPROVE PERFORMANCE & FLEXIBILITY 00960 LD HL,MSG3 ; 'EXEC - ' OF YOUR PC APPLICATIONS 00970 CALL MSG 00980 CALL GET ;GET EXECUTE ADDRESS Use Memory as Superfast Disk %m 00990 LD E,A /PRESERVE E RAMOISK Use spare memory as a J >« to kw) .. 01000 PUSH DE

speC'ty RAM ! Apptvar* ro progrmmm an a drsa. pot orves 01010 CALL GET indent access Ejs> to nail and . 01020 POP DE 01030 LD D,A Directory / File / Backup Tools is» 01040 CALL HEX /DISPLAY ADDRESS s ovrettory I Onpt*Y aJprMoetued column Uelirg, CALL CR v. a g'arvte on 1 screen 01050 ? find a file aeai h tttrtt aji flMtlmin lor t W» imri tntl 01060 CALL CLOSE /CLOSE FILE occurrences 01070 JR DOS /ALL FINISHED! 3 Directory free '>.*piey oveciory tree *t>u>:iure Detow any r^me >n eeS'ty 010 80 PATCH LD A, (FLAG) readable lorm

4 OecAup onry moov»ed rWes - speed up and automate backup operetKin 01090 OR A Stores >n same 'crmat as ot*}tne» tor 01100 CALL NZ, SHWEND 01110 LD HL,MSG4 / 'PATCH = ' User Tool Assortment 01120 CALL MSG

• I. Define a command aa on* kty : 'jaer &ci 01130 JP COMM1 /JUMP INTO COMMENT ROUTINE ? stn-;>- 3 Dump rim In Ne« and' cnarecte' 01150 RST 28H 4 Crranye ownersnlp « aflritrurrs or >Me> Vim i r-a>e t*» iMMen **o 01160 RET Z 01170 POP HL Attach a Serial Printer MS 01180 JR ERROR 01190 CPHLIY PUSH DE /SAVE DE tends, you i il punter U)-i - 01200 PUSH IY /TRANSFER IY TO DE Complen 01210 POP DE 01220 LD A,H -' SuppOt 01230 CP D 01240 JR NZ,SKIP1 ALPS • 374 01250 LD A,L 23 Angus Road 01260 CP E POP DE /RESTORE DE Warren, New Jersey 07060 01270 SKIP1 01280 RET 201-647-7230 01290 SHWEND PUSH HL /SAVE HL 01300 PUSH IY /TRANSFER IY TO DE 01310 POP DE 01320 DEC DE 01330 CALL HEX /DISPLAY END ADDRESS OF CONTIGUOUS BLOCK 01340 CALL CR 01350 XOR A /CLEAR FLAG 01360 LD (FLAG) ,A 01370 POP HL 01380 RET 013 90 CLOSE LD DE,FCB 01400 LD A,3CH / SCLOSE 01410 RST 2 8H 01420 RET z 01430 POP HL 01440 JR ERROR 01450 DOS LD HL,0 01460 EXIT LD A.16H /8EXIT 01470 RST 28H /JUMP TO DOS 01480 ERROR LD C,A 01490 SET 6,C /"NORMAL" ERROR MESSAGE 01500 LD A.1AH / § ERROR 01510 RST 28H /RETURNS TO DOS AFTER DISPLAYING ERROR

01520 GET LD DE r FCB 01530 LD A, /3GET 01540 RST 28H 01550 RET Z 01560 POP HL 01570 JR ERROR 015 80 DSP LD C,A provide Rfter- 01590 LD A, • CDS? DOIl't be. We 01600 RST 28H Morket Service, upgrades, repoirs ood 01610 RET 2 01620 POP HL restorations for TR.S- 80 Models I, III, IV 01630 JR ERROR and whether modified or not 01640 CR LD A,0DH /DISPLAY A CARRIAGE RETURN 100, 01650 JR DSP We'll also fix or upgrade your non- 01660 HEX LD HL,HEXBUF /POINT TO BUFFER FOR ASCII 01670 LD A.63H /SHEX16 Radio Shack peripherals. 016 80 RST 28H Rnd we repair at the component 016 90 LD HL,HEXBUF 01700 JR MSG /DISPLAY ASCII level • we don't board swop. This 01710 MSG1 DEFM 'Load file format error' 01720 DEFB 0DH means big savings to uou. 01730 MSU2 DEFM i _ i 01740 DEFB 3 Got a problem? Call us. 01750 MSG3 DEFM 'Exec ' W1LDWOOD 01760 DEFB 3 DATA SYSTEMS Box 114 Plank Rd. Listing 1 continued Berlin. NY 12022 (518) 658-2444

82 • 80 Micro. November 1984 ALWAYS AT (Ill mflRYITlflC INDUSTRIES INC SALE PRICES TRS-80 WITH MANUFACTURERS 800-231-3680 WARRANTY (IN USA). Radio Shack TRS-8o'$ EPSON PRINTERS People you Trust to give you the very best!

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CALL TOLL FREE COMPUTER. WE SHIP To get YOUR CENTER FAST! COMPUTER SALE PRICE-DIAL HANDY HOME I)F\V COMPITKR CENTER FOOTBALL SYSTEM 120 326 MAIN ST.. GRAPEVINE USER FRIENDLY- MENU DRIVEN 1-800-433- SALE TEXAS 76051 (817)481-7283 DESIGNED BY COMPUTER PROFESSIONALS (9am - 5pm C.S.T.) REGD: TANDY CORPORATION Evaluate teams at all levels PEE WEE to NFL Define the teams, their ratings and schedules Weekly enter the scores and statistics with no redundancy Individual items can be corrected. S 282 The main menu follows ratings. Stats) 1 . UPDATE TEAMS (Define names, Y-T-D 2. CREATE/UPDATE SCHEDULES 3. STATS ENTRY Enter newspaper results) team with results) 4. POST RESULTS I Update 5. FORECAST GAMES (Predict game scores)

6. RPT WRITER i Define and print/display reports) To save the initial entry of the teams ratings, statistics, and "*<- .m 4-p especially their schedules, also purchase the current data files iumiumi'SE'SS^

Follow Collegeand NFL football with no data entry; purchase the Evaluation Subscriptions) These Monday mailings include predic- tions and updated statistics The latest edition is included with each system to provide up-to-date team data

For the TRS-80 l/llf/IV/1 00. APPLE ll/IH. IBM PC. KAYPRO II. and Commodore 64 BASIC listings also available to program other computers Specify computer, tape or disk.

$39 95 for the BASIC system. $6 1 95 with College data, S57 95 with NFL data. S78 95 with both Add S3 S&H. Evaluation Subscrip- tion College or NFL is S29 95. both for S39.95. VISA or MASTERCARD welcome HANDY AND ASSOCIATES 15/75 N Hillcrest. Suite 508, Dept. 307 DALLAS. TX 75248/214-492-3670

• See List ol Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 83 1

REMSOFT, INC

THE LIVING TRS-80 01770 MSG4 DEFM 'Patch = ' For Those Who MUST Know More! 017 80 DEFB 3 01790 MSG5 DEFM 'Filename required' Finally. REMsofI has responded lo those 01800 DEFB 0DH who have asked for a beginning level tutorial 01810 HSG6 DEFM 'Improper filename' This course was designed by J Thomas 01820 DEFB OH 01830 FLAG DEFB Evans. Jr for the person who is just starling 01840 HEXBUF DEFW to explore the wonderful world to TRS-80 018S0 DEFW computing The learning objectives the 01860 DEFB 3 course was designed to provide 01870 EXT DEFM 'CMD' 01880 FCB DEFS 32 • Skills in the use ot BASIC and its editing 01890 BUFF DEFS 256 capabilities 01900 END START * - ' • A fundamental understanding of the 01920 MSG2 DEFM operation of the Z80 processor within the 01930 DEFB 3 01940 MSG3 DEFM 'Exec = ' TRS-80 01950 DEFB 3 • An entry-level knowledge of assembly 01960 MSG4 DEFM 'Patch ' ' language with some skill in the use of 01970 DEFB 3 an editor-assembler 01980 MSG5 DEFM 'Filename required' 01990 • An understanding of the choices DEFB 0DH 02000 MSU6 DEFM 'Improper filename available in the selection of hardware 02010 DEFB 0DH anc software as well as an appreciation 02020 FLAG DEFB

for the methods of applying the 1 , 1 3 HEXBUF DEFW computer to specific tasks 02040 DEFW 02050 DEFB 3 • A good understanding of the types and 02060 EXT DEFM •CMD' availability of other resources which can 02070 FCB DEFS 32 provide greater levels ot knowledge and 02080 BUFF DEFS 256 skin 02090 END START Requires 32K and one disk drive Available End

for Model hi and Model 4 (in Model ill mooei LIVING TRS (disk) $79.95

Prugrum Listing 2. Basic version of address mapping utility. Let Your TRS-80' Teach You 'MAD/BAS by John Ratzlaff 10 ON ERROR GOTO TROUBLE ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE 20 INPUi"Filename";F$:F$=F$+"/CMD" I 30 OPEN " ",1,F$: CLOSE 1 Tired of buying book after book on assembly 40 OPEN"R",l,F$,l:FIELD 1,1 AS A$ language programming and still not knowing 50 ' you r POP from your PUSH? 60 NAME MAINLOOP:GET 1:A=ASC(AS) REMSOFT proudly announces a more 70 If A=5 OR A=31 THEN GOTO COMMENT efficient way. using your own TRS-80' to 80 IF A=l OR A=16 THEN GOTO BLOCK learn the fundamentals of assembly language 90 IF A=2 THEN GOTO EXEC programming at YOUR pace and YOUR 100 IF A=7 THEN GOTO PATCH

convenience 110 ' Our unique package INTRODUCTION TO 120 NAME ABORT 125 PRINT"* Load file format ettorl *" TRS-80- ASSEMBLY PROGRAMMING ft I provide you with the following 130 CLOSE -.END 140 • • Ten 40 minute lessons on audio 150 NAME COMMENT cassettes 155 IF FLAG THEN PRINT HEX$ (C0-1) : FLAG=0 • A driver program to make your TRS-80' 160 GET 1:B=ASC(A$) video monitor serve as a blackboard for 170 FOR J=l TO B:GET 1: PRINT A$; :NEXT: PRINT the instructor 180 GOTO MAINLOOP • A display program lor each lesson to 190 ' provide illustration and reinforcement for 200 NAME BLOCK what you are hearing 210 GET 1:B=ASC(A$) :IF B=0 THEN B=256 • Step- by-step dissection of complete and 220 GET 1:C=ASC(A$) :GET 1 :C=C+256*ASC (A$) useful routines test memory and to to 230 IF FLAG AND COC0 THEN PRINT HEXS (C0-1) :FLAG=0 gain direct control over the keyboard, 235 IF NOT FLAG THEN PRINT HEX$(C)" - ";:C0=C video monitor and printer 240 B=B-2:IF B=0 THEN B=256 • How to access and use powerful routines 250 FOR J=l TO B:GET 1 :C0=C0+1:NEXT in your Level II or Model III Basic ROM 255 FLAG=-l:GOTO MAINLOOP 260 ' AVAILABLE FOR I. Ill and 4 in MOD III Mode) 270 NAME EXEC REMASSEM (tape) S74.95 275 IF FLAG THEN PRINT HEX$ (C0-1) : FLAG=0 REMASSEM(disk) $79.95 280 GET 1:B=-ASC(AS) : IF B<>2 THEN GOTO ABORT

rixs course was developed .'• 290 GET 1:C=ASC(A$) :GET 1 :C=C+256*ASC(A$) jnc jre tuseC or the successful se'ies .' .uuises he IMS 300 PRINT"Exec = "HEX$(C) ""hnoloqies Co'pofjlmr IM KM 310 CLOSE: END •ie- odfions in NorV - 320 ' 330 NAME PATCH

REMSOFT, INC • 129 335 IF FLAG THEN PRINT HEX$ (C0-1) : FLAG=0 571 E 185 St 340 GET 1:B-ASC(A$) :PRINT"Patch = Euclid, Ohio 44119 350 FOR J=l TO B:GET 1: PRINT A$; : NEXT: PRINT (216) 531-1338 360 GOTO MAINLOOP 370 '

I v. CHARGES 3 80 NAME TROUBLE STATES 3 90 IF ERR=53 THEN PRINT"* File not found! *":END « WlXlCO j ANAI ANC 400 ON ERROR GOTO 'j[m[H FOREIGN UES tax

•'. - • S A IRAOfMAR- • -

84 • 80 Micro, November 1984 ANYONE CAN USE OUR SOFTWARE!

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H & E Computronics. Inc , has mailed more than 1 million iCQKIPIJTOQMCS. ^q ORDER LINE 50 N . software catalogs since 1978 Send $2 for our new 64-page PASCACK RD SPRING VALLEY. N.V. 1OT77 (914) 425-1535 catalog today 1 (We also send you our catalog FREE with every order) DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME ADO *3 00 FOR SHIPPING IN UPS AREAS ADO >4 00 f OR C O D OR NON-UPS AREAS NEW TOLL FREE ADO $5 00 TO CANADA & MEXICO ORDER LINE ADD PROPER POSTAGE OUTSIOE OF U S 30-DAY MONEY BACK CANADA » MEXICO GUARANTEE (BOO) 431-2818 •" ALL PRICES ft SPECIFICATIONS SUBJECT TO CHANGE " DELIVERY SUBJECT TO AVAILABILITY i^9 Eliminate your Basic program's garbage- collection delays with these routines.

Quit Stalling

by Thomas P. Eggarter

ou re running a aberration; whether you load strings the third time. The screen should look program and from main memory or from a disk like Fig. 2. suddenly the file, and no matter what operations Note that the old values aren't screen freezes. you perform on them, garbage collec- erased as you assign new values to X$.

You press a key tion still occurs. Instead, the computer uses string or two. Nothing happens. You try the memory the way you'd use a sheet of Strings break key. Still nothing. These are the Saving paper if you had no eraser. It stores

telltale signs of garbage collection, an To understand what causes garbage the values sequentially until it runs out internal housekeeping routine that collection, you need to know some- of room. temporarily takes control of your thing about how Basic uses memory Keep entering new values for X$. computer system. You can regain con- for string operations. In line 20 of When you use up all the string memo-

trol only by pressing the reset button Listing 1, the statement CLEAR 1500 ry, the system erases obsolete data and and aborting the program. Otherwise, reserves 1,500 bytes of memory. The packs all active strings toward the top you just have to wait for the program highest address of this string area is the of the string area. This is the garbage to resume execution on its own. number you enter in response to the collection process. Garbage collection delays occur memory size prompt when you get in- Now for an explanation of what when you use large amounts of string to Basic. The computer stores this happens when you run Listing 1 . After memory. Fortunately, it's possible to number in memory locations 16,561 the program assigns values to A$(I%), eliminate those delays and dramatical- and 16,562 in standard 2-byte format. 500 bytes of string space remain. In ly cut program execution time. To determine the number, type in manipulating X$ and Y$, the program PEEK(16561) + 256"X*PEEK( 16562). uses up that space after about 17 exe- How Long Do I Have to Wait? Memory locations 16,544 and cutions of the loop. string area be- Program Listing 1 illustrates how 16,545 store the lowest address of When the memory garbage collection can slow your com- string memory minus 1. A third rele- comes full, the system tries to erase puter down. The program creates a vant address, the first free string loca- obsolete data and clear space by pack- active strings together string array dimensioned to hold 1 ,000 tion, is stored at 16,598 and 16,599. ing the 1,002 elements, each a single random letter. Program Listing 2 demonstrates near the top of memory. In this case, uses string during no obsolete values exist, but the check- Phase 1 of the program assigns values how Basic memory to the array; the screen displays the program execution. Line 10 reserves ing process takes time. starting and ending times for the pro- 64 bytes of memory for string opera- the lowest Making a Switch cedure so you can see how long it tions. Lines 20-40 display takes. and highest addresses of this string Two characteristics of string storage Phase 2 loops 100 times between area, as well as the first free location. point the way to a solution of the gar- First, the lines 90 and 120, executing some sim- Lines 50-70 let you see on a single bage collection problem. ple string operations and again dis- screen line what data the system keeps computer doesn't store every string in playing the starting and ending times. in string memory (unused areas are When you run the program, you'll displayed as X's). Line 80 lets you notice delays of about two minutes for input a value for the variable X$. The Key Box LOAD 80 every 17 or so executions of the loop. The program then returns to line 30 During those delays, garbage collec- and updates the display, after which Models I and HI value for tion is taking place. you can enter another X$, Model 4 (Program Listings

When the program ends, your and so on. 1 and 3 only) screen should look like Fig. 1. Execu- Run the program and type in 16K RAM Cassette Bask tion time is 11 minutes, even though FIRST STRING as the first value for 32K RAM Disk Basic the program itself takes only a few sec- X$. Type in SECOND STRING the onds to process. This example isn't an second time, and THIRD STRING

86 • 80 Micro, November 1984 Learn to Program Like a Professional! THE COMPLETE BOOK OF RANDOM ACCESS & DATA FILE PROGRAMMING

Written for TRS-80™ I. II, & III - IBM V PC - APPLE™ M/S - OSBORNE- - HEATH™ - DEC™ - SUPERBRAIN™ - and all Computers using CP/M with Microsoft BASIC™

The last word on disk random access and file handling techniques, this series is intended for everyone — beginning programmers, businessmen and professionals will learn how to create custom programs to handle inventories, mailing lists, work scheduling, record keeping, and many other tasks, while more experienced programmers will learn advanced, professional programming techniques for faster, more efficient data storage and retrieval

Although random access file handling is a matter of some complexity, the subject has been treated In a simple and down-to-earth fashion, so that anyone with some small familiarity with programming in Microsoft BASIC will be able to cope with the material Each stage of learning uses a sample program as a starting point The programs grow in capability and complexity as the books progress into all of the various aspects of file handling and record manipulation. An extensive effort has been made to keep the material coherent and every program line is explained in detail.

Volume I Volume II BASIC FILE HANDLING ADVANCED FILE HANDLING TECHNIQUES • The writing of a Menu to summarize program functions Relational database programming • Screen format for data entry Comprehensive self-balancing accounting system with printouts • The creation of a basic record Hashcoded data file manipulation — (probably the fastest method of • The FIELD and LSET routines for buffer preparation data retrieval) Hashing the input key and recovery method explained • Disk storage of random access records Span-blocking techniques allow creation of records longer than 256 • Changing or editing stored records bytes without wasted space • The LPRINT capability from disk using three different formats Blocking & Deblocking • Sorting the random file Shell-Metzner sort • Searching by name or key field In-place screen editing • Search in "next" or "prior" fashion Recovery of deleted record space • Purging deleted records Alpha-index record retrieval • Using disk file data for calculations Fast machine language/BASIC sort • Future expansion of data fields Linked list record structure and sort-merge, deleted record removal • Using flags to prevent program crashes and file reorganization • Date setting, printer on-line and many other routines to make a pro- Multi-key file reorqanization and record searching gram run like a commercially written program

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the string area. For example, add this reserved string memory area. and the computer wouldn't call the line to Listing 2: Second, the computer manipulates garbage collection routine.

only the strings inside the string area One solution is to put the values in-

15 Y$= "STRING DEFINED IN PROGRAM" during garbage collection. Therefore, side the program in data statements if you could get the values for A$ in and use Basic's editing features to up-

You won't see Y$ displayed on the Listing 1 to reside outside string mem- date your data. While that approach

screen, because it's not stored in the ory, the memory area wouldn't fill up, might work in some applications, it's not practical for others. When sorting

a file, for example, you can't easily convert the sort keys into data state-

ments. An alternative is to protect Program Listing I. Demonstration of garbage collection delays in a simple string operation enough high memory to accommo- loop. date all keys, and move them to that area as the computer reads them from 10 CLS:PRINT TAB(9) ;"**** GARBAGE COLLECTOR DEMONSTRATION ****":PR disk. INT:PRINT:PRINT There's a simpler way redefining 20 CLEAR 1500:DIM A$(1000) —

30 PRINT "PHASE 1 : ASSIGN VALUES TO 1000 STRINGS" the top of protected memory during ", 40 PRINT "START : 'RIGHTS (TIMES, 8) execution, thereby hiding the string 50 FOR I%=1 TO 1000:A$(I%)=CHR$(64+RND(26)) :NEXT 1% " values from the garbage collector. To 60 PRINT END : "; RIGHTS (TIMES, 8) : PRINT:PRINT

70 PRINT "PHASE 2 : EXECUTE SIMPLE STRING OPERATIONS 100 TIMES" see how this works, add these lines to " 80 PRINT "START : ;RIGKT$ (TIMES, 8) ; Listing 1: 90 FOR I%=1 TO 100 100 X$*TIME$:Y$«RIGHT$(X$,8) 110 PRINTe960,I%,Y$,A$(I%) ; 62 Bl =PEEK( 16561 ):B2 = PEEK( 16562) 120 NEXT 1% 65 POKE 16561, PEEK(16598):POKE 16562. 130 PRINT?960,CHRS(31) ; :PRINT §597," END : " ; RIGHTS(TIME$, 8) 140 PRINT: PRINT: END PEEK( 16599) 135 POKE 16561. BI:POKE I6562.B2 End

Line 65 is the important one. Exe- cuted after the 1,000 A$(l%) values

are in place, it takes the first free loca- tion (1,000 bytes below the top and **** **** GARBAGE COLLECTOR DEMONSTRATION 500 bytes above the bottom of the re-

served memory area) and makes it the new top of the string area.

PHASE 1 : ASSIGN VALUES TO 1000 STRINGS When the system calls the garbage START : 00:03:18 END : 00:03:34 collector routine, it reads the top-of- memory address from 16,561 and PHASE 2 : EXECUTE SIMPLE STRING OPERATIONS 100 TIMES 16,562 and determines that it must START : 00:03:34 END : 00:16:32 clear only 500 bytes. The routine therefore works on only two strings (X$ and Y$), leaving A$(l%) alone. Figure I. Screen display after Program Listing I runs. Lines 62 and 135 restore the original top of memory-. You can omit them if you reset the system before each pro- gram run.

Try running Listing 1 again with the three new lines. Look at the new exe-

Program Listing 2. Demonstration of string memory management. cution time for the loop in lines

90-120. It drops from 11 minutes to five seconds! 10 CLS:CLEAR 64 "*** ***" 20 PRINTgB, STRING MEMORY MANAGEMENT DEMONSTRATION Maneuvers 30 TM=PEEK(16561)+256*PEEK(16562) Other FF=PEEK(16598) +256*PEEK(16599) Sometimes you can't input large ar- BM=PEEK(16544) +256*PEEK ( 16545) +1 40 PRINT@128, "Top of string memory =";TM: rays at the beginning of a program. PRINT "First free location =";FF: But you can still trick the garbage col- PRINT "Bottom string memory =";BM lector defining null strings of the 50 PRINT-.PRINT "Memory contains :":PRINT by initialization, 60 FOR I*BM TO TM:IF I OFF THEN PRINT "x" ; appropriate length at (II) ELSE Il=I+(65536) *(I>32767) :PRINT CHR$(PEEK ) and using LSET (which doesn't change 70 NEXT I string addresses) to assign values to 80 X$-"":PRINT S640 ,CHR$ ( 31) ;: INPUT "Input any data string ";X$ 90 GOTO 30 these strings.

Program Listing 3, which contains a loop that alternates assigning 1,000

88 • 80 Micro, November 1984 62957111 1

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59 WACC Weighted average cost of capital BUSINESS 100 PROGRAM LIST 60 COMPBAL True rate on loan with compensating bal. required 61 DISCBAL True rate on discounted loan 62 MERGANAL Merger anarysis computations 63 FIN RAT Financial ratios for a firm NAME DESCRIPTION 64 NPV Net present value of project 65 PR1NDLAS Laspeyres price index 1 RCILE78 Interest Apportionment by Rule of the 78s 66 PRINDPA Paasche price index 2 1 Annuity computation program ANNG 67 SEASIND Constructs seasonal quantity indices for company 3 DATE Time between dates 68 TTMETR Time series anarysis linear trend 4 DAYYEAR Day of year a particular date falls on 69 TTMEMOV Time series analysis moving average trend b LEASEJhT Interest rate on lease 70 FUPRINF Future price estimation with inflation 6 BREAKEVTH Breakeven analysis 71 MAILPAC Mailing list system 7 DEPRSL StraighUine depreciation 72 LETWRT Letter writing system links with MAILPAC 8 DEPRSY Sum of the digits depreciation 73 SORT3 Sorts list of names 9 DEPRDB Declining balance depreciation 74 LABEL 1 Shipping label maker 10 Double declining balance depreciation DEPRDDB 75 LABEL2 Name label maker Cash flow vs depreciation tables 1 TAXDEP 76 BtlSBUD DOME business bookkeeping system register 1 CHECK2 Writs NEBS checks along with daily 77 T1MECLCK Computes weeks total hours from tjmeclock info. 13 CHECKBK1 Checkbook maintenance program 78 ACCTPAY In memory accounts payable system-storage permitted Mortgage amortiiation table 14 MORTGAGE/A 79 INVOICE Generate invoice on screen and print on printer triple. 1 MULTMON Computes time needed for money to double, 80 INVENT2 In memory inventory control system

1 SALVAGE Determines salvage value of an investment 81 TELDIR Computerized telephone directory

1 RRVARIN Rate of return on investment with variable inflows 82 TIMUSAN Time use analysis RRCONST Rate of return on investment with constant inflows 18 83 ASSIGN Use of assignment algorithm for optimal job assign. 1 EFFECT Effective interest rate of a loan 84 ACCTREC In memory accounts receivable system-storage ok Future value of an investment (compound interest) 20 FVAL 85 TERMSPAY Compares 3 methods of repayment of loans of amount 2 FVAL Present value a future 86 PAYNET Computes gross pay required for given net LOAMPAY Amount of payment on a loan 22 87 SELLPR Computes selling price for given after tax amount Equal withdrawals from investment to leave over 23 REGWTTH 88 ARBCOMP Arbitrage computations Simple discount anarysis 24 SIMPDISK 89 DEPRSF Sinking fund depreciation Equivalent & rtonequivalent dated values for oblig. 25 DATEVAL 90 UPSZONE Finds UPS zones from zip code 26 ANNUDEF Present value of deferred annuities 91 ENVELOPE Types envelope including return address Markup analysis for items 27 MARKUP % 92 AUTOEXP Automobile expense anarysis 28 SINKFCJND Sinking fund amortization program 93 INSFILE Insurance policy file 29 BONDVAL Value of a bond 94 PAYROLL2 In memory payroll system Depletion analysis 30 DEPLETE 95 DILANAL Dilution analysis BLACKSH Black Scholes options anarysis 31 96 LOANAFFD Loan amount a borrower can afford STOCVAL1 Expected return on stock via discounts dividends 32 97 RENTPRCH Purchase price for rental property Value of a warrant 33 WARVAL 98 SALELEAS Sale-leaseback analysis 34 BONDVAL2 Value of a bond 99 RRCONVBD Investor's rate of return on convertable bond Estimate of future earnings per share for company 35 EPSEST 100 PORTVAL9 Stock market portfolio storage-valuation program 36 BETAALPH Computes alpha and beta variables for stock 37 SHARPE Portfolio selection modeli e what stocks to hold 38 OPTWRfTE Option writing computations D TRS-80 Cassette Version $99.95 NE 39 RTVAL Value of a right * (Mod-I or III), Pet, Apple 1-OLt.p^ 40 EXPVAL Expected value anarysis D TRS-80 4 BAYES Bayesian decisions or Atari Versions $99.95 42 VALPRINF Value of perfect information TRS-80 Mod-ll, IBM, Osborne information 43 VALADINF Value of additional and CP/M Versions $149.95 44 UTILITY Derives utility function (8 45 SIMPLEX Linear programming solution by simplex method ADD $3.00 FOR SHIPPING IN UPS AREAS °°> 4b TRAMS Transportation method for linear programming ADD $4.00 FOR COD OR NON-UPS AREAS «££ 47 EOQ Economic order quantity inventory model ADD $5.00 TO CANADA AND MEXICO OUTSIDE OF U.S.. CANADA AND MEXICO 48 QUEUE 1 Single server queueing (waiting line) model ADD PROPER POSTAGE 49 CVP Cost-volume-profit analysis 50 CONDPROF Conditional profit tables HOUR 51 OPTLOSS Opportunity loss tables •CQMPLJTRQNICS" ^9 52 FQUOQ Fixed quantity economic order quantity model permitted H 53 FQEOWSH As above but with shortages * LINE 54 FQEOQPB As above but with quantity price breaks 50 N. PASCACK ROAD 55 QXJEUECB Cost-benefit waiting line analysis SPRING VALLEY, NEW YORK 10977 56 NCFANAL Net cash flow analysis for simple investment 57 PROF1ND Profitability index of a project 64-PAGE CATALOG SUBJECT TO CHANGE 58 CAPI Cap Asset Pr. Model analysis of project ASK FOR OUR ALL PRICES 4 SPECIFICATIONS DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED DELIVERY SUBJECT TO AVAILABILITY

Micro, November 1984 • 89 *- See List ol Advertisers on Page 1 76 80 ; ;; ; ;

A$(I°7o) values with other string oper- ations, takes an exasperating 34 min- *** STRING MEMORY MANAGEMENT DEMONSTRATION *** utes to run. But add the following Top of string memory = 65529 lines: First free location = 65492 Bottom string memory = 65466 42 FOR l°?o = 1 TO 1000:AS(I /o) = STRINGS

Memory contains : (1,0): NEXT I°o 44 Bl = PEEK* 16561 ):B2 PEEK( 16562) STRING xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxTHIRD STRINGSECOND STRINGFIRST 46 POKJi 16561, PEEK(I6598):POKE 16562, PEEK( 16599) Input any data string ? . 105 POKE 16561, Bl:POKE I6562.B2

Figure 2. Sdcen display after three inputs to Program Listing 2. and modify line 60 to read:

o; 60 LSET A$(l o) = CHR$<64 t RND<26))

Now the program takes only one min-

Program Listing 3. Demonstration of garbage collet lion delays in a loop alternating string as- ute 1 1 seconds to run. signments and operations. Line 42 generates 1,000 null strings one character long in string memory. Line 60 determines the characters that 10 CLS:PRINT TAB(6) ;"**** GARBAGE COLLECTOR DEMONSTRATION #2 ****" : PRINT: PRINT: PRINT fill these null strings. 20 CLEAR 1500:DIM A$(1000) Even this method has limitations, 30 PRINT "EXECUTING LOOP WITH STRING ASSIGNMENTS k OPERATIONS" ", since you must know the length of the 40 PRINT "START : -RIGHTS (TIMES, 8) 50 FOR I%=1 TO 1000 variables in advance. However, once 60 AS(I%) =CHR$(64+RND(26)) understand the general principle, 70 XS=TIME$:YS=RIGHT$(X$,8) you 80 PKINTP960,I%,YS,A$(I%) you should have no trouble cooking 90 NEXT 1% up solutions to fit your own programs. 100 PRINT@960,CHRS(31) ;:PRINT @341," END : "; RIGHTS (TIMES , 8) 110 PRINT:PRINT:END As a final and more sophisticated example, Program Listing 4 shows I ml how to split a 4,500-byte string area in two; the high area contains 4,000 bytes and the low area contains 500. To

keep the program readable, 1 used various Program Listing 4. Demonstration of string memory partition technique. subroutines for the PEEKs and POKEs. The initial GOSUB 10000 statement sets the low area as 10 CLS:PRINT **** GARBAGE COLLECTOR DEMONSTRATION 13 ****": the current string area. AH operations PRINT: PRINT: PRINT 20 CLEAR 4500:DEFINT A,H,L:DIM A$(1000) are performed there until GOSUB 30 GOSUB 10000 'DIVIDE MEMORY 11000 switches the string area to the 40 PRINT "LOOP TO ASSIGN RANDOM LENGTH STRINGS AND DO OTHER OPERAT IONS" high region. GOSUB 12000 switches " 50 PRINT "START : ; RIGHTS (TIMES , 8) the current string area back to the 60 FOR I% = 1 TO 1000:A$=STRING$(20,"X") : B$»LEFT$ (AS, 6) low 70 GOSUB 11000 'TAKE "HIGH" AS CURRENT REGION area.

80 A$(I%)=STRING$(RND(6) ,64+RND(26)) ' < A$(I%) TO "HIGH" The program stores 1,000 A$(I%) "LOW" AS CURRENT REGION 90 GOSUB 12000 'RESTORE values of random lengths (range 1-6) 100 XS*TIME$:Y$=RIGHT$(X$,8) in the high region and performs all 110 PRINT0960,CHR$(31) ; 1% , YS, AS ( 1%) 120 NEXT 1% other operations in the low area. You " 130 PRINT§960,CHRS(31) ;: PRINT £341," END : ;RIGHTS(TIMF$, 8) at will in one partition 140 GOSUB 11000 'RESTORE HIGH TOP OF MEMORY can store data 150 PRINT:PRINT:END or the other, out of the way of the gar- '***** ***** bage collector. 9990 PARTITION MEMORY t. SET "LOW" AS CURRENT REGION When your computer seems to go

10000 AT=16561:AF=16598:H1-PEEK(AT) : H2-PEEK ( AT+1) : H3-PEEK ( AF) :H4=P into suspended animation, it's more EEK(AF+1) :TM=Hl+256*H2-4000:L2=INT(TM/256) :Ll=TM-256*L2: POKE AT,Ll than likely that garbage collection is to :POKE AT+1, L2: POKE AF, LI: POKE AF+1 ,L2 :MP$="LOW" : RETURN blame. In many cases, a minor change '***** ***** 10090 SET "HIGH" AS CURRENT REGION in your program can mean a major

11000 IF MP$="HIGH" THEN RETURN ELSE L3=PEEK (AF) :L4-PEEK (AF+1) :POK saving of time. M E AT,Hl:POKE AT+l,H2:POKE AF,H3:POKE AF+1 ,H4 :MP$= HIGH" : RETURN

11190 '***** SET "LOW" AS CURRENT REGION *****

Thomas P. Eggarter is a Systems 12000 IF MP$="LOW" THEN RETURN ELSE H3=PEEK (AF) :H4=PEEK (AF+1) : POKE AT, LI: POKE AT+l,L2:POKE AF,L3:POKE AF+1 ,L4 :MP$«"LOW" tRETURN Analyst for Chantadata Inc. and a professor of physics at Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina.

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III & 4. HIGH SPEED SERIAL BUS (TWISTED PAIR)

After comprehensive field testing in medical & legal offices, PSM, Inc. is releasing the technology necessary to expand the capabilities of your Model III/4 to MULTI-USER, MULTI-PROCESSING, SHARED DATA APPLICATIONS using Winchester 5.25" hard disks. Each workstation is a complete, independent computer which is tied to the hard disk through a high-speed serial bus. Workstations DO NOT NEED ANY DISK DRIVES; they will boot up properly

through the serial bus from the hard disk. It will if be running under LDOS as the hard disk was its drive: ! FEATURES • Protects existing software investment Shared hard disk [5 to 20 megabytes] • Data file sharing File/record lockout capability • Compatible with LDOS 5.1.4 Used in active medical offices since 2/83.

PSM-W5: Model 4 w/64k RAM, 40trk DS Floppy, built-in 5 Mbyte hard disk, master network controller, LDOS 5.1 .4, Technical Manual $4,975.00 PSM T/0: Model 4 w/64k RAM, boot PROM, satellite network controller, Tech Manual $1 ,875.00 PSM-U5: PSM upgrade of your Model III/4 w/64k RAM to PSM-W5: incld's 5Mb hard disk, hard disk controller, master network controller, LDOS 5.1.4, power supplies, Tech Manual .... $2,625.00 PSM-U0: PSM upgrade of your Model Ml/4 w/64k RAM to PSM T/0: incld's boot PROM, satellite network controller, Tech Manual $665.00 PSM-NM: Technical Manual: Incld's complete description of PSM networking, and application

implementation. Tech Manual purchase will be credited toward later hardware purchase. . $20.00

—i^^^ ^ • All shipping and handling charges are the customers' responsibility. ^ /P"->Kramm' nK '^jrim Technical consultation services available. Modification of Model III; 4 to I ^^kl »/ and systems implement networking will void the Tandy warranty. manaReme» ,mc. 42 I 386g |ND|AN R , PPLE RD DAYTON, OH 45440 [513] 426-8644 ^ Radio Shack is a trademark ol the TANDY CORP. LDOS is a trademark ot LOGICAL SYSTEMS, INC.

*• See List of Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 91 Tape Check gives you something Radio Shack's Series I Editor/Assembler doesn't—a utility that checks for errors generated in trans- ferring source code from EDTASM's buffer to tape.

Tape Me, I'm Yours

by Jay Walton

adio Shack's Se- Type in SYSTEM, hit the enter key, "Tape Okay" and returns to the ED-

ries I Editor/As- and type in /19434 to access the ED- TASM reentry point. sembler doesn't TASM entry point. You can now key Source Buffer Structure ^^^^^^^^^^^1 verify source in or load your source program. code you record After recording a source file to tape, EDTASM's source code buffer from the EDTASM to tape. Since you exit to Basic. Executing the Q com- starts at 631 1 hex and ends with 2 OFF can't tell whether or not EDTASM mand, normally the EDTASM exit hex bytes. It stores each line of source

saves a source file properly, you could command, results in a system vector code in the following format: the first end up with a long source file that loss to Tape Check due to the required 2 bytes represent the binary line num- ber in least significant byte/most sig- glitched as you saved it to tape. reinitialization. Rather than use the Q Tape Check, my Assembly- lan- command, type in L, hit the enter key nificant byte (LSB/MSB) format. The guage code verification program, twice, then hit the break key. This re- third byte represents the total number checks for a valid source file save (see turns control to the Basic command of ASCII bytes and control bytes. The bytes following this third byte are the the Program Listing). It works with a mode and retains the system vector to Basic, actual ASCII and control bytes. The Series I Editor/Assembler and your Tape Check. Once you're in hex) represents the tab 48K RAM tape-based Model III. type in POKE 16913,1 to get the high control byte (09 Tape Check reads the Assembly- baud rate. commands between source code language source code saved on your You can reenter EDTASM at 4BF6 fields.

cassette and checks it against the hex (19446 decimal) without destroy- Source File Structure source code in the EDTASM source ing the resident source program. To source file created for tape con- buffer. The program tells you when it do so, type in SYSTEM, hit the enter The detects a discrepancy, allowing you to key, then type in / 19446. To enter sists of 255 zero bytes and a 0A5 hex immediately rewind the tape to try and Tape Check from Basic, type in SYS- synchronization byte as the file leader. record an error- free version of the TEM, hit the enter key, and hit the An ASCII S with bit 7 on (0D3 hex) source code. slash key (/) followed by the enter key. follows the file leader. The program When you've entered Tape Check, then stores the file name specified dur- save. Using Tape Check it prompts you to prepare the cassette ing the Tape Check resides from 0FE0O- and select the high or low baud rate (a Each line of source code records to as line number field fol- 0FF23 hexadecimal (hex) with an en- high baud rate is the default). tape a 5-byte lowed 09 hex byte. line try point of 0FE96 hex, leaving room After you respond to the cassette by one The for your source program. You can re- prompt, Tape Check displays a verify- number Ls the ASCII representation of (with 7 locate Tape Check by changing the ing message (a blinking asterisk) and the source code number bit of each byte on). ORG value in line 400 of the Program the source file name (if you specified Listing. one), indicating that it's checking the For example, the ASCII representa- You must load EDTASM in memo- newly taped program. tion for the source code line number With ry before you load Tape Check. The Tape Check displays a message if 001 10 is 30H 30H 31H 31H 30H. program changes the EDTASM tape any errors occur during verification bit 7 on, it records as BOH BOH B1H vectors for the Model I/1II ROM to let and lets you recheck the tape. If you Model III users save source code at still don't get a positive verification, save source again. The Key Box 1,500 baud. EDTASM cannot save you must the code LOAD «0 object code at 1,500 baud, however. To do this, respond to the cassette Model III Line 390 prevents EDTASM from prompt, press the break key, and enter 48KRAM writing its symbol table over Tape the Basic command mode. Then reen- Assembly Language Check. ter EDTASM and save the source code Radio Shack Series I EDTASM To run Tape Check, load ED- to tape again. If the save is error- free, TASM and then load Tape Check. Tape Check displays the message

92 • 80 Micro, November 1984 Mystem at $69P°

is beaotM to-ttcMotiQ/ to u/bite about /

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PS. Sml-tpOSu 00 tvOCO Ofc

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B1H BOH. The ASCII text then fol- cord the source file on a new tape or lows with the embedded tab control erase the original tape and record You can write to Jay Walton at 112 codes (09H). again. Island Drive, Richardson, TX 75081. Each line terminates with a carriage return code (C/R, ODH) and the se- quence repeats. A 1A hex file termina- tor flag byte follows the last C/R program verifying source code tapes. code. The program doesn't use a Program Listing. Tape Check for checksum.

VERSION 1.1 Verification Errors ••100 ; VERIFY SOURCE (TAPE CHECK) 0110 ; BY JAY WALTON Errors encountered during verifica- 00120 t 4646 00130 EDTASM EQU 4646H ; FIRST ADDRESS OF EDTASM tion are often due to an improper cas- 46 8F 00140 TPEVEC EQU 46 8FH ; EDTASM TAPE VECTORS 0296 00150 PNDSYC EQU 296H ;FIND LEADER AND SYNC setting. readjusting sette output Try 0235 00160 RDBYTE EQU 235H ;READ A TAPE BYTE the cassette output level and then re- 02B7 00170 WRTSYC EQU 287H ; WRITE SYNC BYTE TO TAPE 0264 00180 WRTBYT EQU 26 4H ; WRITE A BYTE TO TAPE verifying the source code.

If you still don't receive a "Tape Listing continued Okay" message on verification, re-

A&J Micro Drive exclusive distributor for Exatron. Authorized distributor for Holmes Engineering and IJG.

EXATRON STRINGY FLOPPY HOLMES PORTABLE MICRO DRIVE INOINff*ING INC MODEL 100 PMD-100 $299.00 Model I ESF 8TARTER KIT rmso. Includes PMD-100 Drive. Add $6 SO Shipping, Includes Drive 0. Add $6 50 Shipping. Manual, Operating System. Power Supply. Cable 3 Waters AC Adaptor/Battery Charger. Group Membership Data I/O Tape. 5 Micro-waters Power Cable Manual. PMD User

MODEL 100 IM-100 Model I ESF DRIVE $124.50 Add S6 SO Shipping 0K RAM Modules $09.50

High Speed Data Transfer Owners Manual $4.05 Model I ESF DRIVE 1 thru 7 $99.50 PMD-100 with Charger Add $6 50 Shipping Battery Powered No Modification to Model 100 7200 Baud Transfer Rate Saves Text Files and Programs Model I OWNERS MANUAL $495 No Volume Controls or Rewind Uses Built-in Telecom Mode No Expansion l/F Required Automatic Verify with Save WAFERS Uses only 4 Bytes User Memory Wafers are the same as used in Model I ESF Key Debounce Routine in ESF Also compatible with OLIVETTI MTU-231. Royal and BUS-EXTENDERS ADLER Tape Drives, and Structure Design SD-2024 PAL Programmer. Stringy Floppy for TIMEX 1000 and 1500 2for1 $2500 3for1 $3000

4for 1 $35.00 5for1 $4000 MORE FOR MODEL I Custom call for prices Holmes IM-2 48K in Keyboard Memory $119.50 Holmes SP-II Computer Speed-Up ... $ 89.50 • Upper/Lower Case Kit $ 1495 MICRO WAFER Installation available toe above items The tollowing are registered trademarks tt $3 50 5 TRS-80 MicroWater. Stringy Floppy, Scnpa.t. PMD-100 tt $3 50 10 Prices subiect to change without notice 20 ft $4.00

35 ft $4 00 A&J Micro Drive 50 ft $4 50 J DuaneAve. Suite I I1050E. Sunnyvale, CA 94086 236 Model I F? PUBLICATIONS a (408) 732-9292 106 Model 100 THE OTHER MYSTERIES SERIES Send $4-95 for Owners Manual and more information MODEL I ESF SOFTWARE TSR-80Disk $2025 Patch R/S ED/ASSEM Version 1.1 and 1.2 $11.95 Microsoft Basic Decoded $26.95 D Check or Money Order Enclosed The Custom TRS-80 $26 95 IJG Electric Pencil 2 $59.95 D COD add$1 65 Advanced Programmers Guide $9 95 Basic Faster & Better $26.95 D UPS. shipping cost, add $3 00. unless other specified Machine Language Disk I/O $26 95 File Management System I $19 95 sales tax I J CA residents add 6 5 % Patchword (Patch Scripsit 1.0) $ 9 95 TRSDOS 2 3 Decoded $26 95 n Charge to my U VISA MASTERCARD ESFForth $45.00 BASIC Disk I/O Faster & Better $26 95 '• Card* Exp. date Electric Spreadsheet 16K $44.95 How to do it On The TRS-80 ESF-80 Monitor $ 9 96 hyWilliamBarden.Jr $26.00 Name The Basic Toolkit $19.95 Application guide to the TRS-80* Address

II, III, computer More Software Available Models I, 100 and color City Stata Zip

94 • 80 Micro, November 1984 PRODUCTS PRICES [OR AND SERVICE THE TBS80 ® TOO GOOD TO PASS UP!

SOFTWARE ENBase MAXI CRAS ENB is a true relational data base manager that Computerize your finances' MAXI CRAS will write NEWDOS80/Vers.2 $124.95 can handle data interdependences of any com- your checks, record income and expenses by category, and presents reports you need to COMREFforNewdos80 13.95 plexity Instead of storing data as individual records, ENB uses a linking system to relate data analyze your financial activity. Income and 109.95 or more LD0S5.1 to each other II your needs are complex. ENB expenses may be assigned to any one 119.95 includ- of to accounts DOSPLUS3.5 is for you Data files can span disk drives, up 223 DOSPLUSIV 119.95 ing hard disk (Requires 48K. Allen Gelder Soft- $79.95 ware.) 6.0 Plus 39.50 $134.95 The USR* Friendly Modem MICRO CLINIC Mod 1 24.50 MICRO CLINIC Mod 3 28.50 PASSWORD Your PASSWORD to the diverse services ot infor- 34.50 II TRASHMAN MAXI MANAGER mation networks such as the CompuServe and 24.95 MAXI MANAGER II offers significant .approve- FASTER local bulletin boards It has all the features includ- ments over the previous version It is 20-30% RPM 22.50 ing automatic tone or pulse dialing, automatic faster and can be used on a hard disk drive answering, and can even adjust to either 300 or MZAL 79.95 Depending upon your disk space. MAXI MAN- 1200 baud Password has an audio phone line III 34.95 AGER II allows you to create up to 32.700 rec- DSMBLR monitor, and is compatible with Hayes Smart- ords with up to 50 fields each (800 character max- TOOLBELT Mod 4 39.50 modem commands Two year warranty. (U.S. imum per record) Print reports in any format you SUPER UTILITY + 3.2 59.95 Robotics. Inc.) choose, even merges with popular word pro- NEWBASIC 2.0 34.50 cessors for ' non-form" letters (Requires 48K. $349.95

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ber ced I ca'd 'nlo'ma! on computer modei memory microsystems, sze, and nurr.oe' of dn'ves. Co'orado r es dents add app'cor ate sales tax (6' 7°: m Denveri inc. p 'ices are sub|ect to change without notice AMI COLO CALL 861-9250 612 Washington, Denver, CO 80203 -390

TRS-M is d TM ot Tandy Corp EWSCRIPT is a TM of Prosoft I

MODEL I/III*

BEA. Listing continued

Model 2000 28A7 00190 VDLINE EQU 28A7H ;WRITE (HL) TO VIDEO 0033 00200 VDCHAR EQU 33H ; DISPLAY CHARACTER IN A Apple Mac 01C9 00210 VDCLS EQU 1C9H .CLEAR DISPLAY W / CASS PROMPT ,.„.»« P"- IB MPC 3042 00220 CASS EQU 3042H \ 6311 00230 EDTBUF EQU 6311H ;STRT OF EDTASM SRCE BUFF 01F8 00240 CASOFF EQU 1F8H ;TURN OFF CASSETTE 4020 00250 CURPOS EQU 4020H ;DCB CURSOR POSITION /aooo 4C2A 00260 EDTRET EQU 4C2AH / EDTASM RE-ENTRY POINT («j, 001A 00270 ENDFLG EQU 26 ; SOURCE TAPE END FLAG 2; ; ON ' (i09) 00D3 00280 HDRBYT EQU 211 'S' WITH BIT 7 ; STRING TERMINATOR «• raw. 0009 00290 NUHTRM EQU 9 NUMBER ^/PC ,177) 00300 ; 46 8P 00310 ORG TPEVEC ; POINT TO EDTASM TPE VEC. *"/" (183, 468F C39602 00320 JP FNDSYC ;USE MODEL III ROM 9>'< (183, 4692 C33502 00330 JP RDBYTE ; ROUTINES " '«8 4695 C38702 00340 JP WRTSYC ;F0R TAPE "91,, 4698 C36402 00350 JP KRTBYT .•OPERATIONS 469B C3P801 00360 JP CASOFF j AND CONTROL D •Jod 00370 ; ix 80 ORG 4BF9H NEXT 1(17)1 4BF9 003 211 4BF9 11FPFD 00390 LD DE,VERCHK-1 FE00 00400 ORG 0FE00H ; OBJECT LOAD POINT Ul END 00410 ; 00420 "LIST OFF 00570 »LIST ON FE96 314646 005 80 TPECHK LD SP, EDTASM ; STACK BELOW EDTASM 'With Southern Software's FE99 CDC901 Ifl M CALL VDCLS ; CLEAR DISPLAY FE9C 2128FE 00600 LD HL, READY ; POINT TO CASSETTE READY FE9F CDA728 00610 CALL VDLINE •WRITE IT FEA2 CD4230 00620 ENTRY CALL CASS •Cass? PROMPT ACCEL3/4 FEA5 3E0F 00630 LD A,0FH ;OFF CURSOR CHARACTER FEA7 CD3300 00640 CALL VDCHAR j WRITE IT Basic Compiler PEAA 2153FE 00650 LD HL, VERIFY ; POINT TO VERIFY MESSAGE FEAD CDA728 00660 CALL VDLINE /WRITE IT For instance, we compiled this PEB0 2A2040 00670 LD HL, (CURPOS) ;GET CURSOR POS AFTER MSG EDTBUF START benchmark Basic program from a FEB3 DD211163 006 80 LD IX, EDTBUF / POINT TO FEB7 00690 CALL FNDSYC /FIND TAPE SYNC PULSE 96- CD9602 May 1984 80 Micro article (pp FEBA CD3S02 00700 CALL RDBYTE ;READ BYTE FOR 'S' W/B 7 100) We didn't change a line Com FEBD FED3 00710 CP HDRBYT »IS IT 'S' W/B 7 ON? ERROR FEBF 204C 00720 JR NZ , ERROR ;IF NOT, GO WRITE pilation took less than 1 second FECI 0606 00730 LD B,6 /GET READY FOR 6 BYTE NME withonly 18% code expansion And FEv.3 CD3502 00740 NAME CALL RDBYTE ;GET CHARACTER OF NAME what perlormance results! The pro- FEC6 77 00750 LD (HL) ,A ;PUT IT ON DISPLAY FEC7 23 00760 TNC HL ,-BUMP DISPLAY POINTER 3 TIMES FASTER than the gram ran FEC8 10F9 00770 DJNZ NAME ;DO AGAIN FIVE MORE TIMES Model 2000 and 20 TIMES FASTER FECA CD3502 007 80 GETNXT CALL RDBYTE j GET NEXT BYTE ;IS IT ENDFLG? than the original Mod I/TO uncom FECD FE1A 00790 CP ENDFLG PECP 2847 00800 JR Z,TERM j IF SO, END VERIPY piled version FED1 210000 00810 LD L.I ;ELSE, INITIALIZE ACCUM. FED4 0605 00820 LD B,5 ;WE WILL GET FIVE BYTES ACCEL3/4 is the PRACTICAL way to get FE06 54 00 830 LINENO LD D,H I MOVE ACCUM VALUE TO DE better performing Basic programs FED7 5D 00840 LD l,L ; DB - HL = FED8 29 00850 ADD HI,, 111 /DOUBLE ACCUM HL 2*DE - PED9 29 00860 ADD HL,HL ; AGAIN HL 4*DE • Easy to use, on-line with Basic FEDA 19 00870 ADD HI.,DE ;ADD DE TO IT HL - 5*DE quick compilation PEOB 29 00880 ADD HL,HL /DOUBLE IT HL=10*DE 00890 AND 7FH ; STRIP OUT BIT 7 OF BYTE • Ultra-acceptant accepts the whole FEDC E67F FEDE D630 00900 SUB 30H /CONVERT IT TO BINARY Basic language (and many non- FEE0 5F 00910 LD E,A /PUT IT IN DE FOR NEXT STEP standard Basic extensions) FEE1 1600 00920 LD D,0 / ADD IN HL,DE /ADD IT TO ACCUM 2-200 FEE3 19 00930 ADD • Huge speedups programs FEE4 CD3502 00940 CALL RDBYTE /GET NEXT BYTE times taster FEE7 10 ED 00950 DJNZ LINENO /DO AGAIN UNTIL DONE CP NUMTRM /IS LAST BYTE NUMTRM? • Low code growth programs only FEE9 FE09 00960 FEEB 2020 00970 JR NZ, ERROR /IF NOT, ERROR 10-50% larger than original (plus FEED 7D 00980 LD A,L /ELSE, GET LSB OF LINE ,'!."> >U' CP (IX) /IS IT IN EDTBUP? 1 5K runtime module) Can com- FEEE DDBE00 FEF1 201A 01000 JR NZ , ERROR /IF NOT, ERROR pile 25k • Basic programs FEP3 DD23 01010 INC IX /ELSE, BUMP EDTBUF PNTR MSB OF LINE • No royalties on compiled code FEF5 7C 01020 LD A,H / AND GET FEF6 DDBE00 01030 CP (IX) /IS IT IN EDTBUF? FEF9 2012 01040 JR NZ, ERROR /IF NOT, ERROR ACCEL3/4 Mod Lin FEFB DD23 01050 INC IX /ELSE, BUMP EDTBUF PNTR s / AND AGAIN PAST LNGTH BYT all dos 2s/h FEFD DD23 01060 INC IX FEFF CD3502 01070 GETDAT CALL RDBYTE /GET NEXT BYTE FF02 FE0D 01080 CP 0DH /IS IT C/R? FF04 28C4 01090 JR Z, GETNXT /IF SO, GET NEXT LINE NO. EDIT FF06 DDBE00 01100 CP (IX) /ELSE, IS IT IN EDTBUF? 01110 INC IX /BUMP EDTBUF POINTER tor basic and FP09 DD23 screen editor 01120 JR Z, GETDAT /IF IN EDTBUF, GET NEXT Full Basic FF0B 28F2 programs Links with FF0D CDP801 01130 ERROR CALL CASOFF /ERROR-TURN OFF CASSETTE SBE word- HL,ERRMSG /POINT TO ERROR MESSAGE on-line expert PF10 2100FE 01140 LD for an CDA728 01150 CALL VDLINE /WRITE IT better program- FF13 processor. FAR FF16 188A 01160 JR ENTRY /AND GO TRY AGAIN CASSETTE ming productivity 4)0 FF18 CDF801 01170 TERM CALL CASOFF /TERM-TURN OFF FF1B 213FPE 01180 LD HL,TAPE0K /POINT TO 'OKAY' MESSAGE FP1E CDA728 01190 CALL VDLINE /WRITE IT FF21 C32A4C 01200 JP EDTRET /AND RETURN TO EDTASM FE96 01210 END TPECHK /ENTRY FOR TPECHK PRGM •3% the cost of a Model 2000! 00000 Total Errors (415)681-9371 -''«' Allen Gelder Software Lmt

Box 11721 San Francisco CA 94101

96 • 80 Micro, November 1984 GREAT IDEAS A DISK

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City . State_ Up- To get your time-saving subscription or monthly issue of LOAD 80 call toU free 1-800-258-5473 (in New Hampshire L8411 3> Strrcl • dial 1-924-9471). Or fill out this coupon and send it in today. load 80 M Pimt Peterborough . Ml 03451 I Writing Model I/III input screens is as easy as answering a few simple prompts with Create.

The ScreenWriter

by Doug Miller

reate is a Basic ceeds line 198. Therefore, when you Bask Concepts program that write your main program, leave these After loading a Basic program into provides a fast lines open or renumber the routine. If your computer, you can find the mem- way to develop you aren't merging your program, in- ory address for the start of the pro- Model I/III in- clude a Clear statement in the routine gram by PEEKing addresses 40A4 and put screens. It's simple; all you do is to avoid an "Out of String Space" 40A5 hexadecimal (hex), or by using enter the number of headings and in- error. your DOS's Debug utility. put fields you want, name them, and The last line of the input screen rou- In a similar fashion, addresses 40F9 wait for the Basic "Ready" prompt to tine is always a remark statement indi- and 40FA hex contain the memory ad- appear. Type in LIST and you'll see cating the input fields' PRINT® loca- dress of the simple variables the pro- your newly generated routine that you tions. In Fig. 1, the first input field gram uses. The variables table often can save as a Basic file and merge with starts at PRINT® 459. Lines 156 and starts directly after the last byte of the any Basic program. 168 generate solid bars at the begin- last line of your program. Therefore, In addition to generating the Basic ning and end of the input area, giving you can assume that 40F9 and 40FA code for the input screen, Create gives your input screens an attractive ap- hex point to the end of the program, as you the PR1NT@ locations for all of pearance. well as to the beginning of the vari- the input fields. Figure 1 is an example Lines 159 and 165 of Fig. 1 produce ables. Knowing this, you can force Ba- of a routine Create generates. It pro- the field names and input fields. I've sic to start the variables table wherever duces the screen found in Fig. 2. allowed a 20-character space for the you want it to by adjusting the address input field. Note that lines 159 and 162 found in these locations. Using Create format the screen for two inputs per A line of Basic code follows certain Create asks you how many headings line. Create does this by dividing the conventions. For example, the first 2 and how many input fields you want number of input fields by 2. Because I bytes contain the memory address for on the screen. It assumes that you requested five input fields in the exam- the start of the next line of text, while want to include a screen heading and ple, Create divides 5 by 2 and comes the next 2 bytes contain the line num- allows a maximum of five headings. If up with a requirement of two lines ber. Thus, we now know that the first you indicate one heading, Create can with two input fields each. It then adds 4 bytes stored in memory are always provide up to 24 input fields. the remainder, 1 in this case, for a to- used for these same purposes. You al- Create limits input fields to 26, al- tal of three lines for input fields. so know that the last byte of each line though a more practical figure is 20 Create now adds the number of in a Basic code is zero. You'll find the per screen, allowing room for headings requested (two here) plus two fields "action" code, which performs oper- operator prompts. You're permitted lines for the divider bars. Create calcu- ations such as print, multiply, If... up to 64 characters per field, with a lates that the finished screen would re- Then functions, etc., between a line's field-name limit of 10 characters. quire three lines for input, two lines first 4 bytes and its terminating zero. Once you enter the last field name, for headings, and two lines for divid- Table 1 illustrates this concept with Create generates the required program ers, for a total of seven lines for the in- a hypothetical program line. If you lines for the input screen and deletes it- put screen. PEEK memory locations 40A4 and self from memory. To merge your The 16 PRINT® locations on the program lines, be sure to save them left-hand side of the TRS-80 monitor under the ASCII option. For example, run from zero to 960, increasing in in- you might save the program lines as crements of 64. Using this informa- The Key Box LOAD eo follows: SAVE 4 'SCREEN 1/BAS", A. tion, Create determines the number of Models I and III lines on the finished screen and then Important Notes selects a starting PRINT® location 32KRAM Create starts numbering the gener- that will result in a centered input Disk Basic ated routine at line 150, and never ex- screen.

98 • 80 Micro, November 1984 Payment by VISA MC, Cashier's Check. Money Order 4 C O D

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40A5 hex, you'll find the address function that centers a string used to dresses Create uses, and POKEs the 6D00 (see the heading Memory Loca- center the headings. Line 28 stores, in divider line code (STRING$(64,CHRS

tion in Table 1). The next heading, an array, all the possible PRINT@ ad- (131))) into memory.

Basic Code, lists examples of Basic codes you might find. As mentioned

above, the first 2 bytes (address 0A6D) 150 PRINTS256," CITY GENERAL HOSPITAL" point to the beginning of the next Ba- 153 PRINT8320," PATIENT RECORD" sic program line at address 6D0A, 156 PRINT03 84 , STRINGS (60,CHR$( 131) 159 PRINT8448,"NAME : AGE :" which immediately follows the zero 162 PRINT@512,"SEX : STREET :" c byte at memory location 6D09, sig- 165 PRINT ? -76 , "CITY :" 168 PRINT§6 40,STRINC$(60,CHR$(131)) naling the end of the first line of 171 REMEMBER YOUR PRINTS POSITIONS ARE: — 459 492 523 556 587 Basic code. Memory locations 6D02 and 6D03

contain 0A00, the first line number of Figure I. Sample of Create 'Bus generated code. our sample program which translates to line 10 in decimal. Then comes the action code, indicated by XX. Basic converts action words into 1-byte codes called tokens. Table 2 lists Cre-

ate 's action words. CITY GENERAL HOSPITAL PATIENT RECORD Line 25 of the Program Listing il-

lustrates the use of tokens. The data NAME i AGE :

: STREET : statement in line 25 lists the following SEX CITY : numbers:

196,40,54,48,44.247,40,49,5 1 .49.41 .41 Figure 2. Sample video screen.

This translates into STR1NG$(60, CHR$(131)), the code that generates the divider bar on the video screen. If you refer to the token codes in Memory Bask Table 2 and an ASCII code table, you Location Code Comments can make the complete translation 0A First 2 bytes point yourself. By adding the correct 4 bytes 6D00 6D01 6D to start of next line Token (the pointer and the line number) to 6D02 0A 2-byte line number Decimal Hex Basic Ke> Word the beginning of this code and a zero 6D03 00 byte at the end, you'll have a line of 178 B2 PRINT 6D04-6D08 XX Action codes code. That's how Create 147 93 REM Basic End of first line 6D09 00 1% C4 STRINGS works— it takes your inputs, adds the Next 2-byte pointer 6D0A 16 247 F7 CHRS right pointers, line numbers, and 6D0B 6D Etc... tokens, and generates the lines of a 6D0C 14 Basic code. 6D0D 00

Table 1. . Memory locations and codes. Table 2. Tokens used by Create. Housekeeping Functions

Lines 1-28 are housekeeping lines that set up key variables and define

functions. The GOSUB 1 12 moves the

Element 1 @256," CITY GENERAL HOSPITAL" start of the variables list table to higher Element 2 @320," PATIENT RECORD" memory, giving Create the room nec- Element 3 @384,STR1NGS(64.CHR$(131)) essary to the lines of Basic code it add :" Element 4 @448,"NAME : AGE generates to the end of itself. The GO- Element 5 Etc... SUB 124 calculates this end location. Line 14 initializes a machine-lan- Table 3. A2S array. guage subroutine. The routine, called in line 103, moves blocks of code around. You could use a series of Program Listing. Input screen generator. PEEKs and POKEs, but that would be much slower. i*********************************** CREATE. .. .INPUT SCREEN GENERATOR Line 16 defines a function that han- DOUG MILLER dles PEEK and POKE address calcu- *********************************** / MMg continued on p. 104 lations above 32767. Line 19 defines a

100 • 80 Micro, November 1984 NRIgives you ALL the trainingyoull need to repair ALL mbrocomputers.

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' See List ot Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 101 Headings and Fields by this time, has created the A2$ array from the string array into position, shown in Table 3. starting at CA + 5. In the example in Lines 31-43 accept data for the Fig. 1, this is done first by moving Completing the Process number of headings and input fields @256, CITY GENERAL HOSPI- you specify. Line 40 calculates the to- Lines 88-103 complete the program TAL, into place. Create then puts a tal number of lines (TL) your screen lines, moving them into place at the zero byte at the end of the line. This

needs. It also sets up counters (LC and end of Create. In line 88 you set the process is repeated until all lines are in EN) to keep track of the current screen current address, CA = EP%, which place. After the last line, Create inserts line. Line 40 is also responsible for points to the end of Create. two additional zeros, indicating the A2$(EN), which contains part of the Line 94 calculates the address for end of the program. Finally, Create "Remember" line. Line 43 creates the the start of the next program line. The deletes itself, leaving only the program Al$ array that contains the required next address (NA) is the current ad- lines generated. PRINT® locations. dress (CA) plus six plus the length of Line 109 is a string pointer routine Lines 46-85 accept the headings and the string that makes up the program that lets you move strings into any field names, building them into line. The six allows for the mandatory memory- location. Line 112, a variant

strings. Eventually, these strings will first 4 bytes, as well as 1 byte each for of the string pointer routine, resets Ba- become part of the program lines Cre- the print token and the zero at the end sic's pointer to the start of the vari- ate generates. For example, look at of a line. ables storage area. Line 124, the last lines 49-55; the program asks for a Line 97 breaks NA into its most sig- line of the program, calculates the

heading and then centers it. Line 55 nificant byte (MS%) and its least sig- memory location of the end of the builds a string consisting of the correct nificant byte (LS^o). Create then program. PRINT® position (A1$(LC)), an POKEs LS<7o and MS<7o into CA and

open-quote mark (CHR$(34)), the CA+ 1. Then it POKEs CA + 2 and close quote 3 with the line number (LN). heading (HC$), and a CA + Contact Doug Miller at 214 Centen- then + 4 with the (CHR$(34)). Create POKEs CA nial Road, West Hill, Ontario, MIC or, if it's the last Create goes through a similar pro- token for print (178) 1Z9. cess for the field names. The GOSUBs line used, with REM (147). Routines m lines 14, 16. 109. 112. and 124 art published by the divider bar 103, the block move routine, in lines 58 and 85 set up Line permission of ihe author of Basic Faster & Better St. Other

Copyright - 1982. Lewis Rosen/elder. code and transfer it to a string. Create, transfers the contents of an element Mysteries,

CONVERT YOUR TRS-80 MODEL I, III, OR 4 INTO A The DEVELOPMATE is extremely compact Both the PROM programmer and the In-Circuit-Emulator are in one DEVELOPMENT small plastic box only 3 2" x 5 4" A line-plug mounted power supply is included The PROM programmer has SYSTEM a personality module' which defines the voltages and connections of the Complete instructions and sample PROM so that future devices can be schematics are included to help you accommodated However, the system design your own simple stand-alone comes with a universal' personality microcomputer systems THESE SYSTEMS CAN BE AS SIMPLE AS module which handles 2758, 2508 (8K) 2716, 2516 (16K) 2532 (32K). as well FOUR ICs one TTL circuit for clock as the new electrically alterable 2816 and reset a Z-80, an EPROM, and one and 48016 (16K EEPROMs) peripheral interface chip When the In-Circuit-Emuiation The COMPLETE DEVELOPMATE I. with software, power cable is plugged into the Z-80 socket 81. for Model of your stand-alone system, the sys- supply, emulation cable. TRS-80 tem becomes a part of your TRS-80 cable and universal ' personality You can use the full power of your module $329 editor/assemblers debug and trace 83, Model III/4 version. program to check out both the hard- DEVELOPMATE ware and the software Simple test same as above $329 loops can be used to check out the PM2 PERSONALITY MODULE for hardware, then the system program 2732A EPROM $15 can be run to debug the logic of your PM3 PERSONALITY MODULE for Now you can develop Z-80 based stand-alone device 2764 EPROM $15 stand-alone devices such as games robots instruments and peripheral Since the program is kept in TRS-80 controllers, by using your TRS-80 as a RAM changes can be made quickly development system The DEVELOP- and easily When your stand-alone -'*< MATE plugs into the expansion con- device works as desired, you use the Instruments nector of your TRS-80 and adds Developmate's PROM PROGRAMMER 172 Otis Avenue. Dept M Woodside. PROM PROGRAMMING and IN- to copy the program into a PROM CA 94062 CIRCUIT-EMULATION capabilities to With this PROM, and a Z-80 in place of (415) 851-1172 your system (with or without expan- the emulation cable your stand-alone Master Charge and Visa phone orders accepted sion interface) device will work by itself California residents please add 6 «* sales lax

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*- See List ol Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 103 ) ) "::

LOOKING FOR THE BEST Listing continued from p 100 PRICES? FINANCING AVAILABLE 2 'REMEMBER SET MEMORY AT 62000 10 CLS:POKE&H40B1,30:POKE«.H40B2,242:CLEAR5000:GOSUB112:GOSUB124

13 DIMAIS(IB) ,A2$(18) ,PO$(18) : TC%=17 8: DEFINTU,X: J%=0 :SG$=STRING$ (64,131) 14 US(0)=8448:US(2)=4352:US(4)=256:US(6)=-20243:US(7) =201

16 DEFFNSI%(All)=-( (Al!>32767) *(A1 1-65536) )-( (Al K3276 8) *Al 1 19 DEFFNCN$(A$,A%)>=STRING$(A%/2-LEN(A$)/2-.5," ")+A$ B n 22 DATA" §000, ", @064,", £128, ","31 92,-, "§256,"," 3320,"," §3 84,", §44 8, ","§51 2, ","§576, ","§6 40, ","§704, ","§76 8, ","§832, ","§896,"," Prices! §960," Unbeatable 25 DATA1 96, 40, 54, 4 8, 44, 247, 40, 4 9, 51, 4 9, 41, 41 28 FORX=l T016:READA$:PO$(X) =A$:NEXT:FORX=l T012 :READA:POKEFNSI% • We will meet or beat any price from an (65520+X) ,A:NEXT 31 PRINT§384,SG$; :PRINT§704 ,SG$; authorized dealer in " 34 PRINT§512, "INPUT NUMBER OF HEADINGS ; : INPUTH : IFH>5THEN34 " the NY metropolitan area. 37 PRINT§576, "INPUT NUMBER OF FIELDS ; : INPUTF : IFF>24THENPRINT§5 76, STRINGS (50, 32) :GOT037 • Largest TRS-80 Dealer on the 38 IF F=0 AND H=0 THENPRINT§448, STRINGS ( 2 ,13) :GOT034

East Coast 40 Fl=INT(F/2) :F2=F-(F1*2) : F3=Fl+F2 :TL=F3+2+H :TM=INT( (16-TL)/2) LC=TM+1:EN=LC+TL:A2$(EN)="EMBER " • Next day delivery to NY, NJ & Conn. YOUR PRINT§ POSITIONS ARE:-- 41 IFTL>15THENPRINT§832, "NUMBER OF HEADINGS PLUS INPUT FIELDS...

• No Sales Tax collected on out of state EXCEED LIMITS REDO PLEASE" : FORX = l TO 2500 :NEXT:CLS :GOT031 43 FORX=l TO TL:A1$(LC) =PO$(LC) :LOLC+l:NEXT shipments (NJ res. add 6%) 46 LC=TM+1:K=LC:IFH=0THEN58 PRINT§384,SG$:PRINT§704,SG$ • Selling TRS-80 Computers since 1978 47 49 FORX-K TO K+H-l • Major Credit Cards Accepted 52 PRINT§448, STRING$(2, 13) :PRINT§512, "INPUT HEADINGS ";:INPUTH$

53 IFLEN(H$) >64THENPRINT§896, "HEADING EXCEEDS 64 CHARACTERS" : FOR M=l TO 1500:NEXT:PRINT§896,CHR$(31) :GOT052 54 HC$=FNCN$(H$,64)

55 A2$(LC)=A1S(LC) +CHR$(34) +HCS+CHRS ( 34) : LC=LC+1 :NEXT tiSt&t, il 58 GOSUB106:LC=LC+1:K=LC 61 FORX=K TO K+Fl-1 62 PO%=11:IFF3=0THEN88 TANDY 2000 MODEL 4 63 IF F=l THEN 79 6 4 FORY=l TO 2 SYSTEM INCLUDES: WORD PROCESSING 67 PRINT§448,STRING$(2,13) :PRINT§512," INPUT FIELD NAMES ";:INPU •Tandy 2000 256K SYSTEM TF$(Y) • Green Monitor INCLUDES: 68 IF LEN(F$(Y) ) >10THENPRINT§832, "FIELD NAME EXCEEDS 10 CHARACTE RS PLEASE RE-ENTER" :FORM=l TO1500 :NEXT: PRINT§832 ,CHR$( 31) :GO • Epson FX-80 • Model 4 1 28K T067 160 C PS Printer • Epson RX-80 70 A2$(LC)=A1S(LC)+CHR$(34)+FS(1)+STRING$(10-LEN(F$(1)) ," ")+":" • Printer Cable 100 C PS. Printer ," ")+":" +STRING$(22," ") +FS(Y) +STRINGS ( 10-LEN ( F$ ( Y) ) +CHRS ( 34) • Steel Printer Stand • Printer CaDle 71 PA%=( (LC-1) *64) +PO% • Boxof (10) 96-TPI • Boxof (10) Diskettes 72 A2$(EN) =A2S(EN) +STR$(PA%) :PO%=44 Diskettes • Case of Paper 73 NEXTY:LC=LC+1:NEXTX • Case of Paper • Superscripsit 76 IF F2=0 THEN 85 • Head Cleaning Kit Word Processing Printer 79 PRINT§448,STRING$(2,13) :PRINT§512," INPUT FIELD NAME ";:INPUT • Lotus 1-2-3 Driver Program FS(1) List Price % 4,377 List Price *2,l 89 80 IF LEN(F$(1) ) >10THENPRINT§832, "FIELD NAME EXCEEDS 10 CHARACTE s RS PLEASE RE-ENTER" :FORM=l TO1500 :NEXT: PRINT§832 ,CHR$ ( 31 ) :G C DA Price s 3,549 C DA Price 1,649 OT07 9 SOFTWARE OFF LIST PRICE ")+":" All RADIO SHACK 20% 82 A2$(LC)=A1S(LC)+CHR$(34) +FS(1) +STRINGS ( 10-LEN ( F.S ( 1) ) ," +CHR$(34) :LC=LC+1 EPSON PRINTER PACKAGE 83 PA%=( (LC-2) *64) +11 84 A2S(EN) =A2$(EN) +STR$(PA%) Includes: •Epson FX-80/ 160 C. PS. 85 GOSUB 106 with graphics 86 PRINT§512," YOUR INPUT SCREEN NOW BEING WRITTEN"

• Printer Stand 88 LC=TM+1:CA=EP%:LN=150 91 FORX=LC TO EN - • Case of Paper t1 94 NA=CA+6+LEN(A2$(X)

~\ • Extra Printer 97 MS%=INT(NA/256) : LS%=NA- (MS% *256) Ribbon 99 IFX=EN THENTC%=147 100 POKEFNSI%(CA) ,LS%:POKEFNSI%(CA+l) ,MS% : POKEFNSI% (CA+2) ,LN:POK • Interlace Cable EFNSI%(CA+3) ,0:POKEFNSI%(CA+4) ,TC% : LN=LN+3 : CA=CA+5 '698 '499 FOR RADIO SHACK TRS-80 103 DA=PEEK(VARPTR(A2$(X) ) +1) +( PEEK ( VARPTR( A2$ (X) ) +2) *256) :US(1)

FOR RADIO SHACK COLOR '789 *579 =FNSI%(DA) :US(3)=FNSI%(CA) : US ( 5) =LEN ( A2§ ( X) ) :DEFUSR=VARPTR (US ( 0)

) :J%=USR(0) :POKEFNSI%(NA-l) ,0 :CA=NA: NEXT: POKEFNSI% (NA) ,0:POKEFNS Buy Direct By Mail or Phone I%(NA+1) ,0:DELETE1-124 ORDERS ONLY: 800 526 5313 106 A1%=12:A%=FNSI%(65521) :GOSUB109: A$=AN$: A2$ (LC) =Al$ ( LC) +A$:RE TURN Inquiries/Customer Service : , (MKI$( ) ,,a 109 AN$=" ":POKEVARPTR(AN$) ,Al% POKEVARPTR (AN$) +1 ASC A%) 201 and in M.J. -728 8080 " POKEVARPTR (ANS) +2 , ASC (RIGHTS (MKI$ (A%) ,1) ) :RETURN

MAJOR CREDIT CARDS ACCEPTED! 112 A$ = "":FORA% = 1TO3:A$=A$+MKI$(S.HA500) : NEXT : AN$ = "XXXXXX" : POK EVA " ": RPTR(AN$) +1,S,HF 9: POKEVARPTR (AN$) +2 , &H40 : LSETAN$=A$: A$ = RETURN

( ) +CHRS ( PEEK ( EP% Our 124 A$="":EP%=VARPTR(A$) : EP%=CVI (CHRS (PEEK EP% +1) +2) ) +4 8: RETURN Ad ) CDfl No. 1006 IM

15 M.I.-.I...M Hill Ret.. Wost Milforri. IM J

104 • 80 Micro, November 1984 TRS80 FREEDOM AT LAST! Tour doubl»-d»mity diekettee spin at 300 Rf*M a OWNERS*** and hold "•MODEL Tran«f»r 4608 bytea par track. Hyp«rcro»« CPM-TRS80-PC Pit That's equivalent to 23,040 bytas par second. So why doas backing up taka ao long? Now you can cross trie barrier between disk Tired of Waiting on Your Machine (ormatsl With Hypercross you can kW and copy Tha problam la alow software. Tha solution la ... IT CAN RUN FASTER! files to/from over 65 different CP/M and 5 IBM PC disk formats on your own TRS80 under your own DOS! You can also formal and DIR these disks! INTRODUCING CP/M includes most well known single and dou- formats including Montezuma 2.2 and THESUPER4 ble sided I*S 80 Model I/III/4 Radio Shack 3.0+ PC includes DOS 1.1 and 2.0 ss A Speed-up ForThe TRS-80 Model 4 and ds and Tandy 2000 Automatically corrects for RAPIDOS la a new dlak operating ayatam that differences in ASCII file formats You can choose can raad or ujrita an antlra dlak track In a slngla revolution of tha drive. available image transfer for binary files Versions With RAPIDOS. tha Rapid Olak Duplication Progra NO TRACE CUTTING NO SOLDERING for Model I. Ill and IV. needs 48k and 2 drives can copy and verify a full 40-track NO WIRES TO CONNECT minimum Some formats require double sided and double-deneity dlakatte and perform a ...

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108 • 80 Micro, November 1984 You'll never have to write another user-input routine for your Basic programs. Formatter lets you define an input prompt and call it with a single line of Basic.

Easy Input

by Roger A. Smith Jr.

riting user-input Formatter stays patched into Basic string. The string is padded with routines can be (even if you type NEW or load spaces on the right if necessary. frustrating. You another program) until you exit Basic The input statement accepts Basic need to define or turn off the computer. commands such as those listed in Ta- what type of in- Program Listing 2 is a demonstra- ble 3. If you omit the flag value (as in put is acceptable (numeric or alphanu- tion of how you can incorporate For- the last example in Table 3), the state- meric characters, upper- or lowercase, matter into a Basic program. Try it to ment defaults to the last flag value used. and so on) as well as the number of see the options that Formatter pro- Formatter generates an error if you characters allowed. Not only is this a vides. The Figure shows a sample press the up- or down-arrow key when complicated chore, it also makes for screen dump from Listing 2. bit 1 of the flag value is zero. This lets lengthy programs. you use the up- and down-arrow keys Statement I've written a statement that lets you Using the Input as control keys (see line 190 of Listing easily define the format for user input Once you've taken care of the mem- 2 where I use START and END to in your Model III Basic programs. It ory size and are in Basic, you can use demonstrate this). For example, you shortens your programming time and the input statement in any program. can press the down-arrow key when your programs; the input statement Type it in using the following syntax: you've finished entering data, and the fits in just one line of code. program can trap the input error and

INPUT® printat, flag, USING string ; variable My input statement works with take the appropriate action. The up- NEWDOS80 and TRSDOS. To use it, The printat value works the same as arrow key generates error code 100 = 100) the down-ar- you have to type in Program Listing 1 in a PRINT® statement; it simply (ERR/2+1 and

(Formatter) and assemble it under a file moves the cursor to the selected screen row key generates error code 101. name like FORMAT/CMD. position. If you set bit zero of the flag value Before you can program with the in- By changing the flag value, you can equal to 1, the user can enter only the put statement, you must set the memo- limit the format of any input to such numerals zero to 9. By setting bit 1, ry size or HIMEM at eight less than the options as only numerals or uppercase you disable the error statement for the program's starting address (at the label letters, select the speed at which the up- and down-arrow keys. Set bit 2 to Setup). If you want to assemble the cursor blinks, select whether or not you make the background appear as spaces. program at the top of memory, use the want the background displayed, and so If you set bit 3, the program ignores origins and memory sizes in Table 1. on, as shown in Table 2. Only the bits your pressing the enter key unless you You must set the memory size at ei- in the low-order byte of the flag value haven't entered any characters or if ther DOS Ready or after you enter Ba- control the seven parameters. you've already entered the maximum sic, depending on which DOS you use. The string defines the input's for- number of characters. If you set bit 4 If you don't have a disk system, mat. The string must contain at least as a 1, the cursor won't flash. Setting

bit 1 you'll need to load the machine-lan- one pound symbol (#), since pound 5 as a means you can't enter low- guage program by typing in SYSTEM symbols indicate the spots you want to

it and execute by pressing the slash key leave for user input . You can use other (/) followed by the enter key. Disk Ba- symbols in the string, but they appear The Key Box LOAD 80 sic users should assemble the program themselves on the screen and aren't as Model ID into a /CMD file and execute it from replaced by input. The pound symbols 1 6k RAM Cassette Basic Basic by entering CMD' 'FORMAT appear in the input line as either the 32K RAM Disk Bask /CMD" in NEWDOS80. In Model III background character or spaces, de- Assembly Language TRSDOS, use the following line pending on how you set bit 2; user in- Editor/Assembler (change the FD7B to the origin you use put then replaces these characters. when assembling the program): After you enter data, the output NEWDOS80 CMD"L",'FORMAT/CMD":DEFUSR0 = variable's length is equal to the num- TRSDOS &HFD7B:X = USR(0) ber of pound symbols in the format

80 Micro, November 1984 • 109 .

ercase letters. Bits 6 and 7 control the speed at which the cursor flashes as This is a demonstration of the formatted input routine. When 'FORMAT?' appears, type in the format string. Try shown in Table 4. To set more than 1 using 'PHONE (#•#) #M-t#it'. bit, add up their values from the When 'FLAG?' appears, type in the flag value. Try '9' weight column in Table 2 and use that (numerals only, maximum or no characters only) When 'PRINT AT?' appears, type in the print at location. number in the input statement. Try '860'. In addition to the new input state- After you enter the print at location, the input statement is ment, Formatter adds a new function executed. Experiment with the backspace, up and down arrows, and the key. to Basic. The &POS function returns the current cursor position as an inte- FORMAT? PHONE (Ml) *»«-**«* ger from zero 1023. this FLAG? 9 to Use when PRINT AT? 860 PHONE (...) you want the INPUT® to occur at the current cursor position; type: IN- PUT® &POS, flag, string; variable. Figure. Sample screen dump from Program listing 2, the demonstration program. The line at the bottom right is for user input. How Formatter Works

Patching Formatter into Basic re-

quires several vectors (a vector is a branch or jump to another location).

Origin Memory Size ROM takes one vector when it en- counters the ampersand (&), such as in 16K 7D7B hex 32115 7D73 hex the function. 32K 0BD7B hex 48499 BD73 hex &POS When the ROM 48K 0FD7B hex 64883 FD73 hex comes across the ampersand, it jumps to 4194 hex. At 4194 hex, the program

Table I. Origins and memory sizes for different amounts of RAM. Refer to this chart ifyou checks to make sure that POS follows want to assemble Formatter at the top of memory. the ampersand and then jumps to the new &POS routine. If POS doesn't follow the ampersand, the program uses the original vector jump. If POS Bit Function Weight does follow the ampersand, then the numerals only program puts a 2 in 40AF hex, where

1 no return on up or down arrow the ROM determines with what type 2 no background displayed of data it's working. If 40AF hex con- 3 maximum or no characters onlv tains a 2, then the data is in integer for- 4 no cursor Hashing 16 mat; a 3 means you're dealing with 5 caps lock 32 strings; 4 represents single-precision 6 cursor blink speed 64 numbers and 8 double-precision num- 7 (see Table 4) 128 bers. I use a 2. Hex address 4020 stores the cursor Table 2. Individual bits within the flag byte control various fund ions of theformatted input position, but, since video RAM starts statement. Add the weights together to select the functions you wish. For example, to allow at 3C00 hex, you must subtract 3C00 numbers only with no background displayed and a nonflashing cursor use a flag value of the cursor position's value. 21 (I + 4 + 16). hex from The result is placed in 4121 hex, where the ROM expects to find an integer. The ROM's Input routine jumps to

41D6 hex when it arrives at the first lNPUT@256,FL.USING"##r , ;A$ nonspace character after the input INPUT@PA/2 + 1 . 128 + 32 + 2 + 1 .USING B$ f AS;CS , will contain INPUT® 1000*SIN(X),USING 'W/lr7Ir* ;DS token. The accumulator the character. Therefore, the first in-

Table 3. Sample Basic commands that the input statement accepts. struction in the Input patch checks the A register for an @ sign; if there isn't one, the program takes the old vector exit. If the accumulator does contain an @ symbol, the program calls the Bit 6 Bit 7 Cursor Speed Weight ROM routine at 2B01 hex. This rou- Slowest tine determines the value of the ex-

1 1 Slow 192 pression starting at HL + 1 , puts this

1 Fast 128 value into the DE register, and then 1 Fastest 64 exits, putting the most significant byte in A. Table 4. Bits 6 and 7 of the flag select the rate at which the cursor blinks. If the value is less than zero or greater than 1,023, the A register con-

110 • 80 Micro, November 1984 8

C P/M . . .The Software Key That Unlocks Your Model 4

CP/M is the standard 8-bit Z-80 operating system and many thousands of programs have been written to run under this system. With Montezuma Micro's CP/M you can run these programs on your Model 4/4P. Think about all those nationally known programs you've wanted to use. Programs like WordStar, dBASE II; SuperCalc; MultiPlan etc. With our version of CP/M 2.2 all those public domain programs on bulletin boards across the USA are available for free downloading. CP/M is the missing link that joins all this software to your Model 4/4P. Montezuma Micro's CP/M comes ready to use and requires no hardware modifications. This product has been awarded the best and highest ratings in the reviews and we are

continuously improving it with you in mind. With our CP/M you get more than just a DOS. You get the other half of your Model 4/4P.

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CP/M is a Trademark of Digital Research. Inc Interchange and Memimk are Trademarks of Montezuma Micro. TRS-80 is a Trademark of the Tandy Corporation. WordStar MailMerge. SpeiStar Starlndex InfoStar ReportStar DataStar SuperSon and CaKStar are Trademarks of MicroPro International Corporation Muitiplan is a Trademark of Microsoft NV0NTEZU1AA 214-339-5104

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tains a value greater than 3. The pro- 3C00 hex to generate the PRINT® The program evaluates the flag val-

gram compares A to 4. If the com- position, which it places in 4020 hex. ue in about the same way as it does the parison doesn't generate a carry, the An RST 8 checks for the comma fol- PRINT® location, except it stores on- program jumps to 1E4A hex, generat- lowing the PRINT® value. If the next ly the E register (least significant byte). ing a function call error. byte contains the Using token, the If the Using token doesn't follow The program adds DE's value to program jumps to the Using routine. the comma, the program jumps to 1997 hex, generating a syntax error.

The routine at 2337 hex evaluates Prvgrum Listing I. formatter. the format string and any expression to which HL points. After the call to 00110 ;•• FORMATT1 *• 2337 hex, 40AF hex contains the type 00120 ;•• By Roger Smith M 8B13B ;•• • * of result. If it is an integer (type = 2), 0B140 ;** Copy right 1983—NTS, Inc. • * result. If it BB15B ;** Used by permission of NTS, Inc. then 4121 hex contains the is a single-precision number (type = 4), 0B170 0B1BB ORG 0FD7BH ; CHANGE IF NEEDED the program stores it in the 4 bytes 00190 CURCHR EQU 143 jCURSOR CHARACTER (CHANGE IF D ESIRED) starting at 4121 hex. If the result is (BACKGROUND CHARACTER (CHANGE BB2B0 BCKCHR 00 238 double-precision (type = 8), the pro- IF DESIRED) BB21B KElSUB EQU 2BH ;ROM KEYBOARD SUBROUTINE gram stores it in 8 bytes starting at 0B220 TEST EQU 0AP4H .•GENERATES TM ERROR IF REG1 IS NOT A STRING 41 ID hex. 8B238 TMERR EQU 0AF6H (GENERATES TM ERROR If the result is a string (which you BB240 SNERR EQU 1997H (GENERATES SN ERROR 00250 ERROR EQU 19A2H (ROM ERROR ROUTINE want here), then 40AF hex should 00260 PCERR EQU 1E4AH (GENERATES FC ERROR 00270 VARPTR EQU 260DH ; RETURNS VARPTR contain a 3, and 4121 hex will point to GETINT EQU 2B01H (EVALUATES INTEGER EXPRESSION 00280 before deter- 00290 EVAL EQU 2337H (EVALUATES EXPRESSION the string descriptor. But 00300 CAPS EQU 4019H fCAPS LOCK mining that, the program looks for the •0310 CORPOS EQU 4020H (CURSOR POSITION 00320 INKEY EQU 4099H (LAST KEY PRESSED semicolon that precedes the output 00330 TABPOS EQU 40A6H (CURSOR TAB POSITION (0-63) variable. it one, it gen- 00340 KEYBUF EQU 40A7H (POINTER TO KEYBOARD BUFFER If doesn't find 00350 TYPE EQU 40AFH (VARIABLE TYPE FLAG erates a syntax error. 00360 POOL EQU 40B3H (NEXT AVAILABLE LOCATION IN ST RING LITERAL POOL Next, Formatter tests the type flag. 00378 POOLAD EQU 40B5H (STRING LITERAL POOL 003 88 REG1 EQU 4121H (REG1 (INTEGER AND STRING) If the flag's value is something other 003 90 VAND EQU 4194H ri VECTOR 00400 V INPUT EQU 41D6H (INPUT VECTOR than 3, the program jumps to 0AF6 VECTOR 00410 SETUP LD HL,(VINPUT+1) (GET INPUT hex, generating a type mismatch error. 00420 LD DE, ENTRY ;GET ENTRY 00430 RST 18H (COMPARE HL AND DE If it is a 3, the program loads the DE 00448 JR NZ,SETUP2 )IP NOT ALREADY PATCHED THEN S ETUP2 register with the string descriptor's ad- LD HL, (ADDR1) (ELSE GET ADDRESSES 88458 dress (from 4121 hex). The first byte is 88468 LD DE, (ADDR2) 1 1 1 | LD BC, (CODES) the length of the string. If the length is 08488 JR SETUP3 • i zero, Formatter generates a function 00490 SETUP2 LD DE,(VAND+1) ' ' VECTOR (VAND) 08580 LD A, call error. II >u LD B,A 88520 LD A,(VINPUT) Register B and the location labeled 00530 LD C,A 00540 SETUP3 LD (OUT*l) ,DE (STORE ADDRESSES TEMP store the length. Formatter MS! 1 LD (OUT1+1) ,HL 00561 LD (ADDRl) ,HL loads HL with the next 2 bytes of the 00570 LD (ADDR2) ,DE string descriptor, leaving HL pointing IfStt LD (CODES) ,BC 00590 LD A,B to the actual string. It stores the start MCM LD (OUT) ,A of the string in STRING. and LEN l'L'OIi' LD A,C C 00620 LD (OUT1) ,A count and store the number of pound 00630 LD HL, ENTRY (PATCH INTO •««4I LD (VINPUT+1) ,HL 1 VECTORS symbols in a string. An absence of MCSI LD HL,POS function .Vfif..' LD (VAND-fl) ,HL pound symbols generates a (0C3H - JP 00670 LD A,0C3H call error. 80680 LD (VAND) ,A 08698 LD (VINPUT) ,A Formatter loads register B with the 00700 RET 00710 POS INC HL (CHECK NEXT background character based on bit 4 00720 LD A,(HL) ( CHARACTER 00730 DEC HL (RESTORE POINTER of the flag. If you want to change the IT 'POS'? 00740 CP 0DCH ; IS background, change the value in line 00750 JR Z,POSl ( IF SO THEN POS1 00760 OUT JP 8 IIP NOT THEN RET 200 of the Assembly-language text (the 00770 POS1 PUSH HL (STORE LINE LOC hex] 08780 LD A, (STORE INTEGER background must be under 32 [20 LOCATION If7 M LD (TYPE) ,A » IN TYPE or greater than 127 [7F hex]). 00800 LD HL, (CURPOS) (GET CURSOR POSITION 00810 LD BC.-3C00H » SUBTRACT 153 60 The program loads DE with the cur- 00820 ADD HL,BC 008J8 LD (REG1) ,HL (STORE IN REG1 sor location and HL with the address 00840 POP BL (RESTORE POINTER 00850 INC HL ;BUMP PAST TOKEN of the string. The string appears on the 00860 RST 10H (SKIP SPACES screen with the pound symbols re- 00870 RET ,-RETURN 00888 placed by the background character. 00890 ENTRY CP • ( (INPUT§? 00900 JR Z, PATCH (IF SO THEN CONT The main input loop starts at Loop2 1 continued Listing where the program determines if

112 • 80 Micro, November 1984 1 2

you've entered the required number of listing 1 continued characters or whether it has reached a 00910 OUT1 JP ELSE RETURN string; if pound symbol in the format 00920 PATCH CALL GETINT EVAL INTEGER either condition is met, the program 00930 CP 4 > 1023? 00940 JP NC.FCEHR IP SO THEN FC ERROR branches to Match. If neither is true, it 009S0 PUSH HL STORE POINTER 00960 LD HL,3C00H START OF VIDEO loops until it finds pound symbol. a 00970 ADD HL,DF. ADD OFFSET I designed the NORM subroutine to 00980 LD (CURPOS) ,HL CURSOR LOCATION 00990 POP HL RESTORE POINTER keep DE pointing at video RAM so 01000 RST 8 COMPARE ROUTINE

' ' the input statement doesn't run 01010 DEFB , FIND COMMA 01020 LD A, (HL) GET NEXT CHARACTER through reserved RAM. INCDE sim- 1 1 1 3 CP 0BFH •USING"? 01040 JR Z, USING IF SO THEN JUMP ply increments DE and then goes to 01050 DEC- HL ELSE DECREMENT POINTER NORM. 01060 CALL GETINT EVALUATE INTEGER ,i 1 1 7 LD A,E GET LSB OF INTEGER At Match, either the background or 01080 LD (FLAG) ,A STORE IN FLAG If 91 RST 8 SEARCH FOR ' a space appears on screen, depending 01100 DEFB ' , COMMA 01110 LD A,(HL) GET NEXT CHARACTER whether or not you've entered all on 01120 CP 0BFH 'USING'? the characters. Then the program calls 01130 JP NZ,SNF.RR IF NOT THEN SN ERROR 01140 USING INC HL INCREMENT POINTER KEYIN to get a character from the 01150 POSH HL STORE POINTER keyboard. 01160 CALL EVAL EVALUATE EXPRESSION 01170 POP HL RESTORE POINTER 01180 LOOPU If the character is a backspace, the INC HL INCREMENT POINTER 01190 LD A, (HL) GET CHARACTER program tests to see whether you've 01200 OR A ZERO? 01210 JP Z,SNERR IF SO THEN SN ERROR entered any characters; if you haven't, 1 ' 01220 CP ; SEMICOLON? 01230 JH NZ, LOOPU NOT THEN it ignores the backspace. If you have, IF LOOP 01240 INC BL INCREMENT POINTER you can backspace both the cursor 01250 LOOPU2 LD A, (HL) GET CHARACTER 01260 OR A ZERO? until and the format pointer (HL) the 01270 JP Z.SNERR IF SO THEN SN ERROR pointer points to a pound symbol. 01280 CP 20H SPACE? 01290 JR NZ,EOL IF NOT THEN EOL If the character is a down- or up-ar- 01300 INC HL ELSE INCREMENT POINTER 01310 JR LOOPU AND LOOP row, the program checks the flag to 01320 EOL LD (PTH) ,HL STORE POINTER 01330 LD A, (TYPE) GET VARIABLE TYPE see if the error on either key is dis- 01340 CP 3 STRING? abled. If it is, the program jumps to 01350 JP NZ,TMERR IF NOT THEN TM ERROR 01360 LD DE, (REG1) GET VARPTR BADCHR which, in effect, ignores 01370 LD A, (DE) A= LENGTH OF STRING the character. Otherwise, the program 01380 OR A ZERO? 01390 JP Z,FCERR IF SO THEN FC ERROR loads the E register with the proper er- 01400 LD B,A ELSE B= LENGTH 01410 LD (TEMP) ,A (TEMP)=LENGTH ror code and exits to the ROM error 01420 INC DE INCREMENT VARPTR routine at 19A2 hex. 01430 LD A,(DE) GET LSB OF LOCATION 01440 LD L,A L=LSB If the character is a carriage return 01450 INC DE POINT TO MSB OF LOCATION 01460 LD A, (DE) GET MSB (13) and bit 3 of the flag value isn't set, 01470 LD H,A HL=»>STRING 01480 LD ,HL the program jumps to the exit routine. (STRING) STORE HL 01490 LD C,0 COUNTER = If the bit is set, the program jumps to 01500 LOOP LD A, (HL) COUNT THE NUMBER 01510 CP ' ! OF I'S IN the exit routine only if you've entered 01520 JR NZ,NEXT THE STRING 01530 INC C all or none of the characters. 01540 NEXT INC HL At this point, if you've entered all 01550 DJNZ LOOP 01560 LD A,C A-NUMBER the characters, the program jumps to 01570 LD (LEN) ,A STORE IN (LEN) 01580 OR A ZERO? BADCHR. If you haven't entered all 01590 JP Z,FCERR IF SO THEN FC ERROR the characters, the program loops 01600 LD A, (FLAG) GET FLAG 01610 LD B.BCKCHR ;LD B, BACKGROUND CHARACTER back to Loop3. 01620 AND 4 TEST BIT 2 At Exit, the program erases the cur- 01630 JR Z , BCKGRD IF NOT SET THEN BCKGRD 01640 LD B,32 ELSE BACKGROUND - BLANK sor and restores the pointers to the for- 01650 BCKGRD LD DE, (CURPOS) GET CURSOR LOCATION 01660 LD HL, (STRING) GET POINTER TO STRING mat and display. INKEYS (4099 hex) 01670 PUSH HL STORE STRING POINTER becomes zero. Formatter loads IY 016 80 PUSH DE STORE CURSOR LOCATION 01690 LOOP1 LD A,(HL) GET CHARACTER with the contents of 40A7 hex, making 01700 CP '#' '•? 01710 JR NZ, CONTZ IF NOT THEN SKIP it point to the input buffer. 01720 LD A,B ELSE A=BACKGROUND The program moves the characters 01730 CONTZ LD (DE) ,A DISPLAY IT 01740 CALL INCDE INCREMENT CURSOR LOCATION you enter to the input buffer. The pro- 01750 INC HL POINT TO NEXT CHARACTER 01760 LD A, (TEMP) GET LENGTH OF STRING gram replaces any remaining back- 01770 DEC A DECREMENT IT ground characters with spaces. 01780 LD (TEMP) ,A AND STORE IT 0179B JR NZ,LOOPl CONTINUE UNTIL TEMP=0 The temporary string pointer at 01800 LD A, (LEN) GET NUMBER OF I'S 01810 LD C,A STORE IN C 40B3 hex is restored to 40B5 hex to 01820 CONT1 LD (CURPOS) ,DE STORE CURSOR LOCATION prevent an ST error (string formula 01830 LD A,E COMPUTE 01840 AND 3FH TABPOS too complex). A zero marks the end of 01850 LD (TABPOS) ,A AND STORE IT B1860 POP DE GET STARTING CURSOR LOCATION the text in the buffer. The routine at 260D hex returns the I. isting 1 continued Continued on p. 116

80 Micro, November 1984 • 113 / and Talks to

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Continued from p. IIS Listing 1 continued variable pointer of the output variable 01870 POP HL jGET STARTING STRING LOCATION 01880 LD (SCREEN) ,DE .•STORE CURSOR LOCATION IN (SCR in DE; the routine at 0AF4 hex tests to EEN) 01890 LOOP2 LD A.C ;A = NUMBER OF INPUT CHARACTER make sure the variable is a string. E LEFT Then control returns to the Input rou- 01900 OR A j ZERO? 01910 JR Z, MATCH (IP SO THEN MATCH tine in ROM. 01920 LD A.(HL) j ELSE GET CHARACTER 01930 CP '•• ;'•'? The KEYIN subroutine handles the 01940 JR Z, MATCH ;IF SO THEN MATCH cursor flash. The routine first stores 01950 LOOP3 INC HL ;NEXT CHARACTER 01960 CALL INCDE INCREMENT CURSOR LOCATION most of the registers on the stack. 01970 JR LOOP2 ;LOOP Then it loads HL with the current 01980 INCDE INC DE ; INCREMENT CURSOR LOCATION SUB ROUTINE screen location stores the charac- 01990 NORM LD A,D ;KEEP DE ON SCREEN and 02000 AND 3FH ter in that location. The routine moves 02010 OR 3CH 02020 LD D,A the top 2 bits of the flag into register B 02030 RET to control the speed at which the cur- 02040 MATCH LP A,C ;GET INPUT CHARACTERS LEFT 02050 OR A ;ZERO? sor blinks. It then displays the cursor 02060 JR NZ.MATCH2 ;IF NOT THEN MATCH2 02070 LD A, 32 ;ELSE A-SPACE (you can change the cursor character 02080 JR MATCH (GOTO MATCH 02090 MATCH LD A,B ;GET BACKGROUND in line 190). 02100 MATCH LD (LOC) ,DE ; STORE LOCATION Then Formatter calls the Scan sub- 02110 LD (DE) ,A ; DISPLAY CURSOR 02120 CALL KEYIN ;GET CHARACTER FROM KEYBOARD routine. Scan stores bit 5 of the flag

02130 CP 8 » ; BACKSPACE? value in 4019 hex, the Model Ill's caps 02140 JR NZ, NOTBK j IF NOT THEN SKIP 02150 LD A, (LEN) ;GET LENGTH lock location. Next it calls the routine 02160 CP C ;CP TO CHARACTERS LEFT

02170 JR Z , MATCH ;IF SAME THEN MATCH at 2B hex to check the keyboard for a 02180 INC C INCREMENT CHARACTERS LEFT If 02190 LD A,l ;A-1 character. the routine doesn't find a 02200 CP C ;C-1? character or if you've pressed the en- 02210 JR Z,ONE ;IF SO THEN ONE 02220 LD A,B •ELSE GET BACKGROUND ter, backspace, up-arrow, or down-ar-

02230 LD (DE) j DISPLAY IT ,A the returns to 02240 JR LOOPM ;LOOP row keys, program 02250 ONE LD A, 32 (A-SPACE KEYIN. If the character is less than a 02260 LD (DE) ,A ; DISPLAY IT 02270 LOOPM DEC DE ; BACKSPACE space, the program jumps to Bad,

02280 CALL NORM j KEEP DE ON SCREEN which returns to KEYIN after setting 02290 DEC HL j DECREMENT POINTER TO STRING 02300 LD A,(HL) (GET CHARACTER A to zero. '#' • ' 02310 CP ; * ?

02320 JR NZ, LOOPM j IF NOT THEN LOOP If you haven't set bit zero of the flag 02330 JR MATCH ;ELSE MATCH value, all characters are legal, so the 02340 NOTBK CP 10 j DOWN ARROW? 02350 JR Z.TEN ;IF SO THEN TEN subroutine returns to KEYIN. If the 02360 CP 91 ;UP ARROW 02370 JR NZ.NOT91 ;IF NOT THEN SKIP character is less than zero or greater 023 80 TEN EX AF,AP* .•STORE A IN A' than 9, the program jumps to Bad. If 02390 LD A, (FLAG) (GET FLAG 02400 AND 2 ,-CHECK BIT 1 the character is a numeral, the subrou- 02410 JR NZ, BADCHR (IF SET THEN BAD CHARACTER 02420 EX AF,AF' ;ELSE GET VALUE tine returns to KEYIN. 02430 LD E,0C6H (E- ERROR 100 KEYIN continues by determining if 02440 CP 91 ;UP? 02450 JP Z , ERROR > IF SO THEN JUMP TO ERROR ROUTINE the character returned is a zero. If it 02460 LD E.0C8H j ELSE ERROR 161 02470 JP ERROR ;JUMP TO ERROR isn't, KEYRET returns the character 02480 BADCHR LD A,B ;GET BACKGROUND to the input routine. If bit 4 of the flag 02490 LD

NOT13 (TEMP) ,A ; STORE CHARACTER 02630 LD Now for the small print. The object 02640 XOR A jA=0 02650 OR C ;C-07 and source code for the input routine 02660 JR Z, BADCHR (IF C-0 THEN BAD CHARACTER 02670 LD A, (TEMP) ;GET CHARACTER are copyrighted by MTS Inc. as part 02680 LD (DE) ,A ; DISPLAY IT of their Compuchurch line of soft- 026 90 DEC C ; DECREMENT COUNTER 02700 JP LOOP 3 ; LOOP ware. You have the permission of 02710 EXIT LD HL, (STRING) •GET POINTER TO STRING and myself to use this program 02720 LD A, 32 ,• A- SPACE MTS 02730 LD (DE) ,A (DISPLAY IT for your own use. If you wish to distrib- 02740 LD DE, (SCREEN) (GET STARTING CURSOR POSITION 02750 LD A, (LEN) ;GET NUMBER OF INPUT CHARACTERS ute any or all of Formatter to others, 02760 LD C,A (STORE NUMBER IN C 02770 XOR A ,-A=0 you must obtain my permission. 02780 LD (INKEY) ,A (ERASE INKEYS 02790 LD IY, (KEYBOF) ;IY-=>KEYBOARD BUFFER Write to Roger A. Smith Jr. at 505 Ridge Lake Road, Crestview, FL Latmi 1 continued 32536.

116 • 80 Micro, November 1984 1 7 NtONTEZUNVA P.O. Box 2169 Camp Verde (Lizard Flats) Arizona 86322 NMCRO WE KEEP YOU RUNNING 26 2190 Model 4 COBOL 161 Eleclnc Pencil 2.0 Model COMPUTERS C.ITOH 262200 Model 3 & Blue Pencil Model 1/3 Red Pencil Model Model 4 with 2 Wives & RS-232 64K Complete $ 999 8510BP1 I20cps frictcn/T'actOr Parallel 262201 Model 1 FORTRAN 8! 1/3 80 Powertul 26-1067 16K Model 4 Pure Hade Snack 765 8510SP Mot Dot. iSOcps Real Fast 26-2203 Model 1/3 COBOL 16- Modem A C - Program *, 26 1069 2o Moos 4 64K BS232 Pure Radio Snack 1099 8S10SCP Cokx High Speed prmte* 262204 Model 1/3 Compiler BASIC i2i Trackcess lor me Model 3 * original copy progri Super Phis 3 2 Runs 26 1080 64K Model 4 PortaWe 2dr a RS232 1099 1550P Prowriter 2 120CPS for W<»e Pape* Parallel 26 2205 fvkcro PILOT 3- UWrty Model 1/3/4 76-3076 16K Color Computer 2. 144 1SS0SP Hot Dot iSOcps Real Fast & vv.de 262210 Model 3 BASCOM 16! 26 3027 16K E.iended BASIC Color Computet 2 179 F1040 Starwnter 40cps Daisywheel 262211 Model 3 Alcor PASCAL 21 CP/M OPERATING SYSTEMS 26-3177 64K Extended BASIC Color Compute" 2 179 FiO 55 Pmtmaster. 55cps Daisywhee* FAST 26-2212 Alcor PASCAL For The Model 4 21 CP/M 2 2 tor the Model 4 Th« VERY BEST ONE $169 26 3134 16K Cow Compute- 2 99 FiO Bi-Oirectionai Tractor with Plasty Cover 262213 Model I LOOS ILSi verswnl 61 Our Very Own Tnck Hard Osk Driver 26-3136 16K E.lenoeo BASIC Color Computer 2 135 Electric Single B»n Feeder Regu-red 26 2214 Model (LSI version! 61 FiO Sneet msi 3 LDOS Puis Radio Shack s *» The Shaoe 30 26 Pocket Compuler 3 with 4K FiO 26-2216 CP/M Plus For The Model 4 121 3589 RAM 86 Mechanic* Smgie &n Sneet Feeder P ft T CP/M 2 2m Floppy Vers-Jn Mod* ?.I2/16 160 Pocket Computer 84 The lor the 1 76 3590 3 GxiOO Gor«a Banana 50cps 26 GOOD Good CP/M Model 4(Monterumal 19 P * T CP/M 2 2n> lor R>S Hard Disk Model. 2/12116 ??5 26-3601 Pocket Computer 7 89 26-REAL GOOO Hard Disk Driver lor MM CP/M 31 76-3650 Pocket Computer 4 59 26 2217 CBASIC For The Model 4 (Requires CP/M| 8: BOOKS and MANUALS 763801 Model 100 8K Ponaoie Computer 499 262218 BASCOM lor the Model 4 16: 26 2102 Model l Level 11 Manual $5 26-3802 Model 100 24K Portable Computer 679 26 2219 NEWI FORTRAN lor the Model 4 ft 26 21 10 Model 4 Techn*:al Manual ?! 76 4004 Model l? 1-Or.ve 2379 262220-23 Videotex 2 26 2111 Model 3 DOS Manual 6 4005 Model 1 Dove 7951 Compuserv/Oow Kit 76 2 2 26 2224 Jones Signup I 26 2H2 Model 3 BASIC instruction Manual 5 26 5103 Mooel 2000 2eiies Pack o' 10 1 Yea* Guarantee 3821 Model 100 Learning Lab 3Mhz 780 26 2 26 3819 NEW! Model 100 Book d, iu.« * i«. 13 5 25 DSOO Diskettes Pack oi 10 1 Year Guarantee See tne LNW ad m tt»s lor io> details $1195 26-3829 NEWI Model 100 Mulliplan 12 2*4920 Model 2 Operators Manual 26 6 SSDO Diskettes Pack of 10. 1 Year Guarantee 26-3830 Model 100 Scnpsil 3 26-4921 Model 2 Technical Reference Manual 26 8 DSDD 0«s*ettes. Pack of 10 i Year Guarantee ALL Color Computer GAMES 25% OFF Catalog Price 26 4922 Model 12 Operalog Manual 59 5 25 Fkpsort Molds 75 Disks MODEMS ALL PCIVDSI SOFTWARE 30% OFF Catalog Pnce 26-5403 Model 2000 Programmers Manual 17 26- 1084 Mode. 4P Modem Board 8 Fhpson Holds 50 Disks 26-4501 General Ledger ( 16' 26 5404 Model 2000 Hardware Manual 17 II 26 1173 OC Modem 8 5 x 1 1 Tractor Paper 20.0 2900 Sheets 26-4502 mveniory Management System i 16 26-6040 Model 16 Operators Manual 64 26-1174 Acoust»c Couple Modem Paper 20lb 2900 Sheets 264503 Payroll 33 26-6041 Model 16B Operating Manual 72 26 1175 Modem IB I OC 5 25 or 8 l Cleaning 264504 Accounts Receivable 25 62-2084 TRS-80 Pockel BASIC Handbook 6 76-1176 DC-2212 High Speed Modem 26-4505 Accounts Payable 25 TRS-80 Disk & Other Mysteries r* h r. 18 Anchor Mark l Modem 300 Baud witi p^^w RIBBONS List II 26-4507 Matng 10 Merosofi BASIC Decoded t~ j»-« r^>« 24 Anchor 300/1200 Baud Modem wttn ( 264508 Medical Oftce Systems 63 .. „.-^ Mayes Smanmodem 300 Baud BASIC Easier & Belter o, i.-, 24 26 4509 Manulacturmg Inventory Control 63 BASIC Faster Belter Hayes Smanmodem 1200 Baud & Demonstration Disk 15 264510 Versatile 5 BASIC Faster & Better Library Disk 15 26-4511 VisiCalc 25 BASIC Disk I/O Faster 8 Better r» ,~. no—.«». 24 26-4512 ProHe II 15 8ASIC Disk I/O Demonstration Disk 24 PERIPHERALS 26-4513 Costing Job 12 The Cusiom TRS-80 o, c™» B»f». mw 24 LNW Expansion Interlace lor trie Model I complete wi MONTEZUMA'S REVENGE 26-4614 Order Entry 16 RAM 6 omtin RS 237 TRSOOS 2 3 Decoded a, j.-»> i* r„„„ 24 26-4515 ProHe ll Plus 25 Machine Language Disk I/O », Why spend 26-4555 Menu Generator 3 1 1 145 Model l RS232 Board with cable 89 76-1479 Automatic Power Strip/Surge Proieclor all that 26-4556 money for just a new tube Guaranteed for a ProHe Forms 10 Model 3/4 RS23? Installation Kit less cable 69 76-1451 Non-Aulomatic Power Stro/filter full 26-4557 ProHe Archive 4 year Model i cable available on request at no .'k. Model 3 Onve Kit 444 76-1457 AnnGlare Panel Model 1/3/4 4558 Profile Prosori charge 26 i? Same as above except our brand Save SSSS 76 2226 Coky Compuler Deluxe RS-237 Kit 26-4559 Prowok 16 Radio Snack 40 Track Disk Onve 76-3007 Coky Compuler Carrying, Case MONTE's SPECIAL PRICE $ 79 26-4560 WESTLAW 21 Same as above except 40 track Tanoon Save $$S 76-3006 Coky Compuler Joysticks Per Pa* 2&4560 MuriiPlan Model 2/12 21 MOOEL 4 5Mht Speedup Mod 26-3017 Coky Computer Deluxe Joystick/each 26-4601 General Ledger 33 HOLMES Model 1/3 4Mto Speedup Moo 76 3073 Coky Computer 1/2 Disk Drive 1 2 Of 3 26-4602 Inventory Control System 26 HOLMES Model 3 VID-80 COmpleie with I12K RAM O 26-3024 Coky Computer MuHi-Pak interlace 26-4603 Payroi 42 with unities and 80 x 24 video Save SSSS 26-3075 Coky Compuler Mouse SOFTWARE 26-4604 Accounts Receivable 33 26 3013 16k RAM For MC-10 Color Compuler 26 3029 Disk Drive lor the Coky Compuler 26-4605 Accounts Payable 33 2*4104 Model 2 Hi-Resokilion Graphics Board 26-3503 PC l Cassette interlace 26-4607 Order Enlry/ICS 33 26-4105 64K RAM Board 76-3508 PC I Carryng Case 26-4608 Sales Analysis 21 26-4167 8 Skmhne Double-Side Dnve 76 3608 PC 7 Carryug Case 26 4612 NEW! Query COBOL 12 2*5125 Model 2000 10Mb Hard Disk Kn 76-3612 PC 2 RS-232C interlace NCW! CP/M 2.2 by Montezuma Micro For The Model 26-4620 Precedent NEWI 67 26 5140 Model 2000 Hi Resolution Graphics Board 26-3615 4K Module Rated by PC 2 RAM best actual lest Get the good one ! 26-4621 Personnel Search 25 26-5141 Model 2000 Color Graphic Che Sel 26-3616 PC 7 8K RAM Module NEWI Hard Disk Dnver with Backup 4 Restore 26-4701 FORTRAN 25 26-5144 Model 2000 Mouse/Clock Board 76-3651 PC 4 Cassette Interlace 26-0310 TRSDOS 2 3 for The Model l 264702 EDAS 16 2*5160 Model 2000 Internal I28K Board 26-3653 PC 4 IK Ram Module 264312 TRSOOS 1 3 For The Model 3 26-4703 COBOL 25 2*5161 Model 2000 External I28K Boaro 26-3654 PC 4 Carry™ Case 26-0313 TRSOOS 6 x For the Model 4 26-4705 Compter BASIC 16 26-5162 Model 2000 128K RAM lor 26-5161 26 3804 Model 100 AC Adapter 26-0315 TRSOOS 6 2 UWrty Oak 26-4707 COBOL Generalcr 59 26 5164 NEWI Model 2000 Serial Board 2*3805 Model 100 Acouslic Coupler 26-0316 TRSOOS 6 2 Disk Doc Rel Card 26-4710 Program Editor fi 2*6010 Model 2 or 12 to Model 16 68000 Kn 26 3809 Model 100 Carrying Case 26-0413 NEWIOnk Dnve Analyzer Why pay more'' 26 4711 NEWI PASCAL MT 36 2*6011 Model 16 128K RAM Board 26-4154 Model 12/168 Internal 1SM0 Hard Disk Kil 26- 1507 Model 1/3 Stockpak 26-4712 Assembly Language Development System 21 26-6012 Model 12 128K RAM Kil 26-4155 Model 2/3/4/12/16 15Mb Primary Hard Disk 26-1510 Model 1/3 Trenden 26 4713 EDAS 1 4 2*6013 Model 16 3-User RS-232 Card 26-4156 Model 2/3/4/12/16 iSMb Secondary Dnve 261511 NEWI Model 3 Home Accountant 26-4721 Videotex For The Model 2/12/16 4 26-6017 Model 12 Card Cage 26-4157 Model 2/12/16 instakaton Kit lor 26-4155 26-1512 Model 4 Target PlannerCalc 26^4725 NEWI BASCOM BASIC Compaer 16 26-5111 Model i Monocnrome Monitor 26-1513 NEWI Model 2000 VM 1/3 Cass Spectacmator 264740 CP/M Plus 21 We i extensively equipped service lac*ty * 5112 26 Model 7000 CM-1 Coky Morvlry 26-1514 NEWI Model 3 Porttolio Manager 26^742 CBASIC 8 ol parts G-ve us a cal lor that hard-to ("id 26-1515 pis Me lor Model 3 26-4802 Inventory lor the Hard Disk 33 nd provide what you need 26-1516 pis report tor FURNITURE Model 3 26-4831 SCRIPSIT lor the Hard Disk 33 1305 26 Model 3/4 System Desk 26-1517 pis report lor Model 4 26 4834 Dictionary lor me Hard Disk 16 261308 Un.vers.al Pnnter Stand 2*1518 pis He lor Model 4 26-4835 SCRIPSIT for Thmane Dnves 33 BUY FROMJJS RIGHT NOW! 26-1324 Compute- Table 261520 Model 4 VisCaK ALL NEW MOOEL 2000 GOODIES 26-1325 Platform tor 26-1324 26-1521 Model 3 VisiCalc Business Forecast 26-5210 NEWI General Ledger 42 Our memory is so large tt can not be listed completely 764303 Deluxe System Desk 26-1527 NEWI Model 3/4 Formanon 2*5212 NEWI Accounts Payable 42 Please cal A you do not see what you want Chances are Deluxe Printer 2*4305 Stand 26-1530 Model 4 Mulliplan 26 5213 NEWI Accounts Receivable 42 we have w Because of the time lag *. maga?me advertising 26-4306 rerrranai Stand 26-1538 NEWI Model 4 Apartmeni Management 26-5214 NEWI Inventory Contro jfSier-' 42 pnees are subject to change without notice and are mail order 264307 Printer Stand 26 1539 NEWI Model 3/4 W-2 Writer 2*5215 NEWI Order Entry 42 only We are not responsible tor typogrpbical errors Your 265115 Model 2000 Peoestai 26-1540 Model 3/4 General Ledger 26 521 NEWI Purchase Order 33 company and/or personal o*»ecks are welcome and w* not 76 5116 ModeJ Floor 2000 Stand 261541 Model 3/4 Accounts Receivable 26 5218 NEWI Payroll 42 delay your order We use TeleCheck Please observe the '4-0551 Docu-Rack Stand 26-1542 Model 3/4 Accounts Payable 26-5251 NEWI BASCOM 25 tolowwx) requirements and your order will be shipped without 26-1543 Model 3/4 Payroi 26 5252 NEWI MS-DOS Assemble 8 delay The chec* must be drawn on a USA or Canadian bank 26-1544 Invoice Writer PRINTERS & ACCESSORIES NEWI Model 3/4 26 5255 NEWI FORTRAN 29 and payable m US Dollars It must be a bank printed check Daisywheel 76-1158 II B Model White Case $1165 26-1545 NEWI Model 3/4 Inventory Control 26 5256 NEWI PASCAL 25 and contain your street address and telephone number The 76-1190 Plotter 179 26-1554 Model 1/3 Accounts Payable 26-5257 NEW! COBOL 50 signature must EXACTLY match the name printed on the 76-1197 GCP-1 15 Coky Graphics Primer 169 26-1558 Model Business 1/3 Ma*ng List 26 5260 NEWI Videotex Plus 4 check Thats all there is to it In addition we accept American 2*1196 GT- 116 Graphics Pad 297 261559 Model 1/3 Manulacturmg Inventory Control 2&5261 NEWlSofterm 16 Express, Mastercard. Visa Cashier s Checks Wire Transfer 76-1750 OWP-410 Daisywheel Prime- 799 26-1560 Fixed Assets 265276 NEWI Graphwnter 33 and we also ship COO COD s and motor freight shipments 1252 Pnnter 26 DMP500 220CPS 1099 26-1562 Moo* 1/3 ProUe 26-5278 NEWI DR Graph 16 may requre a deposit Some special items require deposits 26-1254 DMP 200 I20cps Pnnter 594 26 1563 Model 1/3 SCRIPSIT 2*5279 NEWIDR Draw 25 ALL COO s require cash or cashiers check on delivery 26-1255 DMP-120 120cps Dual Mode Pinter 424 26-1564 Model 1/3 Mailgram 26 5300 NEWI Lotus 1-1-3 42 Company aod/or personal checks can NOT be accepted m 26-1757 DWP 210 Daisywheel Pnnier 509 26-1565 Model 1/3 Microfile 26-5301 NEWI Ovation Raong Software 67 payment of COD shipments Credit cards are not charged 26-1261 TP-10 Thermal Malm Pnnter 26-1568 85 Model 1/3 Meckcal Office Systems 26-5302 NEWI SuperCaK 3 33 until we sh<) your order SHIPPING CHARGES ARE NOT 26-1767 DMP-420 Triple Mode P-mle- 26-1569 VoiCaic. 140cps 849 Model 3 Enhanced Version 26 5305 NEWI pis 1*9 11 INCLUDED. Please add $5 handkng to an orders totaling less 26-1268 CGP-220 Coky Ink Printer 26-1577 Jel 594 Model 1/3 Surveying 26 5306 NEWI pis report 10 than $50 Add $20 handhng charge to an orders over $500 26-1269 PTC-64 Printer Controter (Butler) 64K 212 26-1579 Model 1/3 Real Estate 26-5307 NEWI pfs graph 11 shipped to Canadian addresses No State Sales Tax 26-1270 NEW1DWP-510 Daisywheel pnnier 1270 26-1580 Model 1/3 Project Manager 26-5309 NEWI pfs wnte 11 collected on out-of-state shipments If you order by 5PM your 26-1271 DMP 110 sojps TnpB y^je p^tet 339 26-1581 Model Personnel 1/3 Manager 26-5311 NEWI Multipian 16 order w« be shipped the NEXT DAY it stock is on hand 26-1274 DMP 2100P 160cps Dual Mode Pnme- 1695 26-1582 Model 1/3 Time Manager 26-5314 NEWI Microsoft Word 31 Respons.b*ty of suitability of software rests with the 26-1275 NEW1TRPIO0 Pnntei 2S5 26-1584 Model 3 Checkwnter 80 2*5330 NEWI Mutilate 21 purchaser Due to the nature of this business there are NO 2*1276 NEW1DMP-105 New Cheeep Pknter 169 26 1585 Model 3 Business Checkwriter 2*5340 NEWI Home Accountant 10 REFUNOS ON SOFTWARE, REPLACEMENTS WILL BE 26-1277 NEW1OMP-430 New Not So Cheeep Plmter 765 26-1588 Model 1/3 Videotex Plus 2*5352 NEWldBASE 11 42 PflOVIDED FOR DEFECTIVE SOFTWARE ITEMS, provided 26-1440 Sugle Bm Sheet Feeder lor DWP-2100 645 26-1589 Model 3 MICRO/Couner 2*5376 NEWIWitnes5 4 we are notified wthm ten days of delivery of the 26-1441 a Directional Traaor lor DWP-2100 144 26-1590 Model 1/3 SuperSCRIPSlT 265377 NEWIPUnetlal t merchaodise if you have a particular problem please can us 26-1443 Br-OtrecKyial Tractor lor 210 26-1591 DWP 99 Model 1/3 Scripsit Dictionary MOOEL 12 1 16 68O00 SOFTWARE for help and instructions 26-1447 Bi Oirectional Traclor lor Daisywheel II 188 26-1592 ProHe Model 3 Plus 26-6100 COBOL Development System 25 261448 Single Bm Sheei Feeder II Icy Daisywneel 672 26-1593 Model 3 Profile Plus LDOS/MD Version 2*6201 General Ledger 50 WARRANTY 26-1455 Acouslic Cover 26-1594 339 Model 3 Desktoct/Plan-80 26-6203 Payroi 59 All items carry the original manufacturers warranty We w.n 26-1459 Bi-Oirectional Tractor lor DWP-410 26-1595 204 SuperSCRIPSlT For The Model 4 26-6204 Accounts Recemable 50 be happy to mail you a copy upon request 76-1401 Model 26- 1/3/4/4P Pnnter Cacaa 29 1596 SCRIPSIT For The Model 4 26-6205 Accounts Payable 50 26-1408 RS Caole 26-1597 CALL rOit FREE FROM ANYWHERE IN THE USA 232C 16 Model 3 Business Graphics Pak 26-6207 Order Entry/lCS 50 26-1409 Model 100 Pruier Cable 26-1598 13 Model 4 Videotex Pius 2*6208 Sales Analysis 33 26-4401 Model 2/12/16/2000 Prnler Cable 29 26-1600 Dictionary lor the Model 4 2*6209 Job Cosnng 10 26-1490 10' RS-232C Carole .. 25 26-1630 TK' .. NEWI Solver lor me Model 4 2*6302 Inventory 33 261491 25 RS-232C Cable 26-1635 33 NEWI Model 4 Profile 2*6309 Manufacturing ICS 72 800-527-0347 26 1492 50 RS237C Cable 26-1922 46 Model 3/4 Orchestra 90 2*6401 XENIX Development System 63 261493 100 RS232C Cable 26-201 Model 76 1/3 EDAS. Tape Version 26-6412 Profle for XENIX 42 2*1495 RS-232C Cable Extender 25 26-2012 3/4 Assembly Language Development Course 2*6415 Unity 63 26 1496 RS-232C Nun Modem Adapler 26-2013 Version. Model 25 EDAS. ask 1/3 2*6431 Scnpsil tor XENIX 42 26-1498 SW-307 Parallel Pnnter Swnch 102 26-2015 Model 3 Instruction Tapes 800-442-1310 26-6450 MAC 16 Macro Assembler 33 26-1499 SW-303 RS 232C Seleclor Swnch 128 26-2017 Model 3 Assembly Language Course. Tape 26-6451 RM/FORTRAN lor Xenix 59 26-3505 PC 1 Pnnter 26-2018 Model 108 3 Assembly Language Course Disk 26 6452 NEWI PASCAL lor XENIX 59 26-3591 PC 3 Pnnter 102 26-2019 NEWI TRSDOS 6x Traimng Course 2*6455 COBOL lor XENIX 59 "0- 263605 PC 2 Pnnier .' 89 26-2022 Tool lor the Model Power 1/3 2*6457 MBAS1C for XENIX 25 26-3652 PC 4 Pnnter 68 26 2023 Dot Plot lor the Model 1/3 2*6480 MUtiplan. Model 16 & XENIX 29

• See List of Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 117 A 12

1

Listing 1 continued

02800 LOOP4 LD A,(HL) 1 GET CHARACTER '#'? Mac 02810 CP '•' * 02820 JR Z, MATCH 1 1 IF SO THEN MATCH1 02830 LOOP5 INC HL 1 NEXT CHARACTER 02840 CALL INCDE t INCREMENT VIDEO POINTER 02850 JR LOOP4 » AND CONTINUE 02 860 MATCH1 LD A,(DE) I GET INPUT CHARACTER 02870 CP B t CP BACKGROUND Inker 02880 JR NZ.CONT5 » IF NOT THEN CONT5 fabric ribbon Re-ink any 02890 LD A,20H I ELSE A=SPACE AUTOMATICALLY for less 02901 LD (DE) ,A 1 DISPLAY SPACE 02910 CONT5 LD (IY),A » STORE INPUT CHARACTER IN INPU than If, Extremely simple T BUFFER operation with built-in 02920 INC IY 1 INCREMENT BUFFER POINTER 02930 DEC C 1 DECREMENT COUNTER electric motor. We have a 02940 JR NZ.LOOP5 I LOOP UNTIL DONE MAC INKER for any printer: • 2950 LD HL.POOLAD 1 RESTORE TEMPORARY STRING 02960 LD (POOL) ,HL I STORAGE POINTER cartridge/spool / harmonica / 02970 LD (IY),0 J MARK END OF INPUT GET POSITION PR zip pack. Lubricant ink safe 02980 LD HL,(PTR) I POINTER TO IN OGRAM for dot matrix printheads. 02990 POP AF 1 CLEAR STACK Multicolored inks, uninked 03000 CALL VARPTR 1 FIND VARPTR 03010 CALL TEST J IF NOT STRING THEN FC ERROR cartridges available. Ask for 03020 PUSH HL ; STORE POINTERS brochure. Thousands of 03030 PUSH DE 03040 LD HL,(KEYBUF) | GET BUFFER LOCATION satisfied customers. 03050 DEC HL 1 POINT TO BUFFER-1 95 B-0 $ 54. 03060 LD B,0 J 03070 CALL 2 86 8H ; LET THE ROM HANDLE THE REST 03080 POP HL 03090 XOR A 03100 JP 1F33H 03110 TEMP DEFW 03120 LEN DEFB 03130 SCREEN DEFW

03140 KEVIN PUSH DE 1 GET CHARACTER FROM KEYBOARD 03150 PUSH BC 03160 PUSH HL

03170 LOOPK LD HL,(LOC) J GET VIDEO LOCATION

03180 LD A,(HL) j GET CURRENT CHARACTER

03190 LD (TEMP) ,A ; STORE IT

03200 NOFLSH LD A, (FLAG) 1 GET FLAG 03210 AND 0C0H ] GET BLINK RATE 03220 LD B,A STORE IN B 03230 LD (HL) ,CURCHR ) DISPLAY CURSOR CHARACTER 03240 LOOPK1 CALL SCAN CALL SCAN SUBROUTINE 03250 OR A ZERO? 03260 JR NZ, KEYRET IF NOT THEN KEYRET Mac 03270 DJNZ LOOPK ELSE LOOP UNIT B=0 03280 LD A, (FLAG) GET FLAG 03290 BIT 4, CHECK BIT 4 03300 JR NZ, NOFLSH IF SET THEN NO FLASH 03310 AND 0C0H ELSE GET BLINK RATE 03320 LD B,A B=DELAY Switch LD A, (TEMP) GET CHARACTER 03330 Mac Switch lets you share 03340 LD (HL) ,A AND DISPLAY IT your computer with any two 03350 LOOPK2 CALL SCAN CALL SCAN SUBROUTINE 03360 OR A ZERO? peripherals (serial or 03370 JR NZ, KEYRET IF NOT THEN KEYRET parallel). Ideal for word 03380 DJNZ LOOPK LOOP UNTIL B-0 03390 JR LOOPK LOOP processors— never type an 03400 KEYRET POP HL CLEAR STACK address twice. Ask us for 03410 POP BC 03420 POP DE brochure with tips on how to 03430 RET AND RETURN GET FLAG share two peripherals (or two 03440 SCAN LD A, (FLAG) 03450 AND 32 BIT 5 computers) with MAC 03460 LD (CAPS) ,A LOAD CAPS FLAG WITH A CALL ROM SCAN Total satisfaction or 03470 CALL KEYSUB SWITCH. 03480 OR A ZERO? full refund. 03490 RET Z RET IF NO CHARACTER BACKSPACE? $ 99. 00 03500 CP 8 03510 RET Z RETURN IF SO 03520 CP 13 ENTER? 03530 RET Z RETURN IF SO 03540 CP 91 UP ARROW? *—« «,. 03550 RET Z RETURN IF SO 03560 CP 10 DOWN ARROW? 03570 RET Z RETURN IF SO 03580 CP ' SPACE? 03 590 JR C,BAD IF LESS THEN BAD ^Ssr** 03600 PUSH BC STORE BC «r 03610 LD B,A CHARACTER IN B 03620 LD A, (FLAG) GET FLAG 03630 AND 1 BIT 03640 LD' A,B A=CHARACTER Order toll free 1-800-547-3303 03650 POP BC RESTORE BC 03660 RET Z RETURN IF BIT NOT SET 03670 CP '0' ELSE TEST FOR NUMERAL 03680 JR CBAD IF LESS THAN '0' THEN BAD Ci-mputer IF THAN 036 90 CP •9'+l GREATER 9' 03700 JR NC , BAD THEN BAD 03710 RET ELSE RETURN Friends 03720 BAD XOR A •A=0 6415 SW Canyon Court

Suite *10 Listing 1 continued Portland, Oregon 97221 ^357 (503) 297-2321

118 • 80 Micro, November 1984 Softronlcs Monthly Special RETAIL R/S Mod 4 64K, 2 Drives ft RS232 $1599 Epson RX-80 $ 399 Hayes Smartmodem 300 $ 289 Paper, Disks, Modem & Printer Cable S 166 Total Retail $2604 SCS Special $1595

When buying a Modal 4, ask them If It's TRUE 100% Radio Shack from the factory WITH GREEN SCREEN. Some aren't I We sell only 100% Radio Shack with our full 90 day warranty.

Mod 4 64K. 2 0D. RS232 $1035 Okldata ML-83A $ 539 Mod 4 I28K. 2 DO, RS232 $1095 Okldata ML-92 (P) $ 419 Mod 4P 64K 4 2 Drives $1035 Okldata ML-93 (P) $ 679 Mod 4P 128K & 2 Drives $1085 Epson FX-60 $ 469 Hayes Smartmodem 300 $ 203 Epson RX-80 $ 289 Hayes Smartmodem 1 200 $ 479 Epson RX-80FT $ 329 Okldata ML-80 $ 169 Epson FX-I00 $ 679 Okldata ML-82A $ 309 Epson RX-100 $ 519 Gemini I OX $ 279 Epson LQ- 1500 $1195

Each computer purchase includes SOFTPAC (SI 50 value) FREEi

SOFTPAC . . Our proven integrated software system for R/S an innovative word processing system computers. Featuring word processor, spreadsheet, database, communications & graphics. The only fully integrated package at this price with FREE UPDATESI Now only $149,001 list price $175 SS/SD SS/DD DS/DD Elephant Generic Disks 15.90 17.95 22.95 Elephant Boxed Disks 17.95 19.95 25.95 #»*« Elephant Diskettes are America's premium disks at a SOFTRONICS Mtf price. These prices include a lifetime warranty with sleeves, labels & hub rings. Free shipping with orders over SI 00. through December SOFTRONICS COMPUTER SYSTEMS „ 116 2300 E. 14th St., Suite 201 Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104 "/ would give Lazy Writer my highest recommendation. This (918)749-6211 is a word processor with sufficient flexibility for any We accept Money Orders Bank Wi'es. Certified & Personal Checks — Personal check orders task you care to throw its way, and with sufficient to be processed after bank clearance —Add 3% shipping — Oklahomans add 6% tax — All ease of sales ate final — Will ship disks COD— Call for quantity discounts on disks use for virtually any environment. Lazy Writer is one of the good ones."

Stew Schneider On-Line Today June 1984 TRS-80 COMPUTERS Lazy Writer was the first system word processor. Since MODEL IV $2060.00 its introduction MODEL2000 in 1980, it has been enhanced, updated, 64K $995.00 w/HD 3360.00 polished and extended. It is a family of programs for the 2 DISKS RS 232 COLOR COMPUTER business and professional user. Lazy Writer gives you: MODEL IV P 995.00 64K 182.00 fast, easy, one- key editing MODEL 12 2999.00 MODEL 1 00 8K 559.00 user ONE DISK 2339.00 MODEL 10024K 669.00 10 programmable keys store keystrokes load and edit any file, even BASIC saved as ASCII, DISK DRIVES and files created by other programs 15MEGHD $2099.00 printer codes in text can activate any printer COLOR DISK 275.00 function COLOR DISK 1 229.00 built-in communications a formatter to preview page breaks and give word count PRINTERS multi-line header/ ALL OKI DATA CALL footers load extension programs GEMINI 10X 270.00 without leaving the word processor GEMINI 15X 380.00

Model I and III come on a mini DMP-110 $ 299.00 DMP-120 $ 379.00 DOS, but can be transferred to any Model III DMP-105 159.00 DMP-430 699.00 DOS. An install program does the DMP-500 1064.00 DMP-2100 1598.00 work for you. Model 4 version has 80 x 24 screen; use it with OMP-420 680.00 DWP-210 459.00 any Model III DOS or TRSDOS 6. DWP-510 1149.00 CMP-2150 3135.00 Versions also available for Holmes VID-80 and Lobo MAX-80 Langley St. Clair Green and Amber Screen $89.00 BODEX CORP. AlphaBit Communications, Inc. 224 E. MAIN ST. 13349 Michigan Ave MARLBORO, MASS. 01752 Dearborn, Michigan 48126 Can Now Phone (617) 485-5115 or 481-1029 MOVisa ^381 accepted TRS-80 Trademark of Tandy Corp. S (313)581-2896 ^476

.- See List ol Advertisers 1 on Page 76 80 Micro, November 1984 • 119 «

. . .. _____^_ . .

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T80-FS1

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120 • 80 Micro, November 1984 " "

Multi-Basic "The BASIC compiler that compiles both MBASIC and CBASIC" ^215

Now you don't have to give up the features you like about MBASIC to obtain the powerful capabilities of CBASIC. Multi-Basic gives you both. Multi-Basic works with your existing programs INTEGRATED SOFTWARE FOR MODEL III & IV Quotes from our Product Review in 80 MICRO, Aug 84 so your current software investment is protec-

"/ recommend you get your hands on A BSEE before its author, ted. But just as important, Multi-Basic opens

David Dahl, realizes seriously underpriced it is. . . ABSEE how the door to a whole new way of programming. is an ingenious, thoroughly professional Model III file editor, word processor, screen graphics, and telecommunications pro- With Multi-Basic you can write very readable, gram. Because of its integrated nature and flexibility, this modularand structured programs. Multi-Basic package can do the iob of a halt-dozen individual utilities and programs. makes program maintenance as easy as it is with Pascal. "If you're a programmer, your editing tasks have /ust become much easier " In addition to understanding the two most

"A BSEE is the most fascinating program I have worked with in popular dialects of BASIC, Multi-Basic allows a long, long time. you to extend the language even further You

Requires 2 disk drives on Model III or IV (in III Mode) 48 K RAM can add your own statements and functions as Runs on TRS Dos 1.3 Others available at extra cost needed. ORDER FROM 95 Multi-Basic is also compatible with our Pascal 89 and C compilers. This allows your BASIC COMPUTENTS INC. IDAHO RESIDENTS 980 JOHN ADAMS PARKWAY ADD SALES TAX programs to use routines written in Pascal or IDAHO FALLS, ID 83401 MASTER CHARGE OR VISA WELCOME C PHONE 208-529-2492 (9-5 Mtn) S3" SHIPPING A HANDLING CHARGE In today's fast changing computer business, ADD $6~ tor C.O.D. you need a language as versatile as Multi- Basic. Invest a little time today and save a lot of

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UO-LISP Programming Environment I, II, III, 4 and 12; Tandy 2000, IBM PC, and The Powerful Implementation of LISP CP/M. It is compatible with TRSDOS, LDOS, for MICRO COMPUTERS NEWDOS, DOSPLUS. MSDOS, PCDOS, CP/M Excellent for learning the Preferred Language and CP/M plus. of the Artificial Intelligence Community Alcor Multi-Basic $139 This POWERFUL subset of the CP>M Other Products: based UO-LISP supports, the usual LISP Interpreter Functions, Advanced Development Package $ 69 Data Types. LISP Structure Editor. Blaise I Text Editor (Mod 1 or 3) $ 49 Optimising LISP Source Code Compiler & Assembler. Assembly & Blaise II Text Editor (all others) $ 79 LISP Code Intermixing. Compiled Multiprocessor Assembler $ 69 Code Library Loader, Numerous Utility Packages. Comprehensive 150 Page Alcor C $139 Manual, the High Level language Alcor Pascal RLISP, and much more. (for CP/M. MSDOS, PCDOS) $139 SPECIAL LIMITED OFFER Turn your TRS-80 into a real LISP machine Complete Development System $250 for only $49.95 includes compiler, text editor and advanced

Not included in the above special limited offer is the powerful LISP development package TOOL META the translator writing system. Shipping U.S.A. $6.00 UO-LISP is available on TRS 80 Model I & III w.th 48K TRSDOS and dual drives, as well as most CP/M based machines. Shipping Overseas $28.00

TO ORDER: Send request for UO-LISP Model I or Model III with check, money order, or credit card number VISA and Mastercard Please include expiration date and Card No. 13534 Preston Road. Suite 365 Write for your FREE catalog of UO-LISP products Dallas, Texas 75240 •:: —.WKk^m (214)494-1316

Northwest Computer Algorithms Multi-Basic is a trademark of Alcor Systems P.O. Box 90995, Long Beach, CA 90809 TRS80 is a registered trademark ot Tandy Corporation CP'M CBASIC are trademarks of Digital Research - 95 (213) 426-1893 MSDOS, MBASIC are trademarks of Microsoft

• S## L/sf of Advertisers on Page Ut DISPLAYED VIDEO IS DRIVING DOWN PRICES ON DISKS!

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WE CARRY TRS8U & SANYO COMPUTERS AUTHORIZED SANYO DISTRIBUTOR Visit our retail location at: IMMEDIATE DELIVERY 111 Marshall Street ISPLAYED Litchfield, MI 49252 D (313) 426-5086 DEO (313) 482-4424 (517) 542-3280 Authorized Dealership at: 542-3939 1 1 1 Marshall Street. Litchfield. Michigan 49252 PI 42 (517) To Order Call (313) 42b 5086: (313) 482 4424: (517) 542 3280 (517) 542-3947 (517) 542 3939: (517) 542 3947 OR WRITE

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BASIC EDITOR Model l.'lll Tape 24.95 RSDSYWH II -Nylon 6.50 69.00 RS DMP 2100 -Toshiba 1350 9.00 96.00 BOOKS SPACE AGE NO FRILLS MICROLINE 80/82A/83A/92 N/A 30.00 ',! • M) HI. • 14.95 19 95 MICROLINE84 ft x 40 Yds 5.50 60.00 How To Do II on the TRS 80 uG 26.95 ftgi 27.50 r 29.95 MXSOSpa - Series 10.00 108.00 Machine Lang Disk I/O ug 26.95 ANADEX 9000 Microime 82A Space Age 27.50i 29.95 TRSDOS 2.3 Decoded ug 26 95 Diablo Hytype ll-Muiti Strike 5.50 54.00 Microime 83A Space Age 34.95 I 39.95 Disk + Other Mysteries ug 2095 Diablo Hytype II - Nylon 6.00 60.00 NEC 3 Age 27.50i 29.95 802 A Space Qume-Multi Strike N/A 36.00 Basic Decoded ug . . . 26.95 MX 100 Space Age 34.95- 39.95 Custom TRS-80ug 26.95 NEC— 5500/7700-Multi Strike 6.00 60.00 Muitiuse I8k12x6xV« 24.95 i N/A Basic Faster & Better ug 26.95 Mannesman Tally 1000 6.50 66.00 '32Coi w/slot N/A ft 24.95 Basic Disk I/O Faster & Better 26.95 TTX1014 8.00 90.00 Go' ilia Banana N/A , 19.95 Captain 17.95 Brother HR I (Film) 5.50 60.00 80 ug - Ex 80 Space Age N/A . 34.95 17.95 Silver Reed Ex55/77 (Film) 6.50 66.00 BFBLIBorBFBDEMDisk !

TRS 80 Data Comm. Systems . . 12.95 TRS 80 Model 100 Computer l.j 16.95 w^en is Ths New YorK Area —QUALITY GUABANTEED- Hardware Interfacing TRS80. . . 14.95 ORDERING INFORMATION Micro Images Industries Inc. snipping on all prepaid cash COO Orders ado S? 00 Minimum credit card order $25 00 FREE 164-06 Crocheron Ave. within continental 48 states via UPS Ground Actual shipping and insurance charges ^^^m Dept. L orders the visa Rushing. N.Y. 11358 mo,^^ apply on al COO ordes. credit card orders, approved P/0 s and shipments outside the continent* and ciedrt cards sh«jed immediately Please allow 2 weeks for "ta (212)445-7124 v 48 stales Certified Ck M/0. COO personal checks Credit c*d orders shipped to card address onty Prices subiec! to change HOURS: Mon.-Thurs. 10AM-6PM; Fit & Sat. 10AM-5PM without notice New York State residents please add appropriate sales tax .

124 • 80 Micro, November 1984 1

Model in NEWDOS80 users can transfer source files from tape to disk with this LMOFFSET patch.

Tape Transfer

by J.L. Kissel

odd III NEW- DOS80 2.0 us- ers can't load tape- based At 00,58 change: 9D 53 C3 E7 53 3E 00 CD 3E FF CD 57 54 CD 3D 58 7B 54 10 F9 CD 7B 54 C3 source files be- to: D5 54 C3 cause NEWDOS's EDTASM doesn't 3E 00 CD 7B 54 CD 7B 54 At 01, 6F change: support Model III tape input/output At 00,63 change: C3 50 55 21 (I/O). While the DOS's documenta- FE 55 28 0A CD to: to: C3 FC 56 21 tion describes load a source file how to FE D3 28 0C CD from tape, zap 30 states that NEW- At 03, Al change: DOS supports tape I/O for the Model At 00,73 change: F8 CD 20 44 C2 57 58 D9 CD 57 54 21 9D 5E CD 33 57 30 FB I only. to: FE 01 28 0A FE 02 CA 44 I decided to rectify this. Rather than CD 7B 54 57 CD 5C 57 18 0B CD 5C 57 05 05 CD 60 57 CD 60 try to add Model III tape I/O capabili- At 00,78 change: 57 CD 60 57 10 FB 18 DB ty to NEWDOS80 2.0's EDTASM, 58 CD 35 02 FE 78 CA CA 7E FE 20 D8 FE FE DA 48 54 FE 3C 28 05 CD 92 54 58 23 5E 23 56 23 19 AF however, I modified the LMOFFSET 18 EC 3E 01 CD 7B 54 CD C9 CD 5C 57 CD 5C 57 D9 program so it would load source files 35 02 47 C6 02 CD from tape to disk. You can do so by to: 58 06 FF CD 35 02 CD 7B 78 B7 adding the zaps indicat- LMOFFSET 54 FE 1A CA 32 54 10 F3 to: ed in the Figure. The Program Listing CD 35 02 CD 7B 54 FE 1A F8 21 00 52 11 00 53 06 00 CD 20 44 D9 21 9F 5E shows the source code of the patch. CA 32 54 18 18 22 74 53 2A 9D 5E 23 23 To add the zaps yourself, copy LM- At 00, B7 change: 22 9D 5E ED 5B 9D 5E IB ED 53 9D bE 7A B3 CA 45 OFFSET and save it under a new file 58 CD 35 02 FE 3C CA F8 53 FE 78 CA CA 54 F5 3E 57 0E 00 06 01 2A 74 53 name. (The zaps destroy LMOFF- 49 32 3D 3C 3E FD CD 57 11 00 52 ED B0 22 74 53 SET' s ability to handle system tapes 54 Fl C3 D9 CD 3C 44 C2 9D 5E D9 to: 18 D9 D9 CD 28 44 C3 59 and support tape-to-disk loading 58 ED 5B 9D 5E 13 ED 53 57 B7 only.) Then use SuperZap to make the changes listed in the Figure. Figure. Zaps lo LMOFFSET. Zap locations appear in sector md offset formal (e.g., XX, YY means sector XX, offset YY). For instructions on how to assemble source code, consult your editor/as- sembler manual or "An Idiot's Guide to Assembly Language, " Parts I and II #0 Micro, May 1981, p. 168, and June 1981, p. 112). Program Listing. Patch, the LMOFFSET modification program.

Contact J.L. Kissel at 287 London 00100 00110 j LMOFFSET PATCHES Road, Isleworth, Middlesex, England. 60120

B0130 I TO ALLOW LMOFFSET TO READ A EDTASM TAPE AND 00140 ,-WRITE IT TO A DISK FILE FOR USE BY APPARAT 00150 ;DISK BASED EDTASM 00160 The Key Box 60170 ;DISK FORMAT MAY BE COMPATIABLE WITH OTHER EDTASM 00180 I

53C6 00190 ORG 53C6H ; START OF PATCH 00200 .-CASSETTE IS ON AND SYNC HEADER HAS BEEN READ Model II! 53C6 3E00 c | :: 1 LD A,0H ;ZERO THE NEWDOSM 2.0 tlmta conlinufil

80 Micro, November 1984 • 125 Listing conitnueii

53C8 CD7B54 0022B CALL S47BH j BLOCK COUNT 53CB CD7B54 BB23B CALL S47BH ;I.E. NUMBER OF SECTORS TO WRITE 53D1 00240 ORG 53D1H

BB245 ; 00250 ; FIRST BYTE OF TAPE IS NOW IN THE A REG

00251 ( 53D1 FED3 BB26B CP BD3H ; CHECK IF EDTASM 53D3 28BC 00270 JR Z,53E1H ;TAPE AND JUMP IF IT IS

B0271 | 88272 |WRITE FIRST BYTE TO BUFFER

BB273 ; 53E1 88274 ORG 53E1H 53E1 CD7B54 8B275 CALL S47BH ; FIRST BYTE TO BUFFER

BB28B ; 00298 (53E4 WILL CHECK FOR THE UP ARROW KEY ABORT FUNCTION

B83BB ; 53E7 08318 ORG 53E7H 53E7 B6FF 88330 RDBLK1 LD B,255 ;SET UP LOOP COUNT 53E9 CD3502 00348 RDBLK2 CALL 8235H ;READ A BYTE FROM TAPE 53EC CD7B54 BB35B CALL 547BH ;WRITE BYTE TO BUFFER 53EF FE1A 88368 CP 1AH ;CHECK IF S3F1 CA3254 BB378 JP Z,TAPPIN ( END OF FILE

53F4 1BF3 003 80 DJNZ RDBLK2 ; LOOP FOR 255 BYTES 53F6 CD35B2 80390 CALL B235H jGET 256* S BYTE

53F9 CD7B54 00400 CALL 547BH ;AND SAVE IT 53FC FE1A 08418 CP 1AH ; CHECK IF 53FE CA3254 88428 JP Z,TAPFIN j END OF FILE 5401 1818 BB43B JR 541BH ;ELSE CONTINUE TO READ TAPE 80440 8B45B ;541B TWINKLES THE STARS AND CHECKS 88468 FOR CANCELED FUNCTION 88478 5426 88488 ORG 5426H 5426 ED5B9D5E 88490 LD DE, (5E9DH) ,-AND

542A 13 0B50B INC DE ; INCREMENT 542B ED539D5E BB51B LD (5E9DH) ,DE JIT 542F C3E753 B0528 JP RDBLK1 ; CONTINUE READING TAPE 5432 3E0B 8853B TAPFIN LD A,BH ;ZERO 5434 CD7B54 88540 CALL 547BH ;THE REMAINING 5437 1BF9 08558 DJNZ TAPFIN ; BYTES OF THE BLOCK 5439 CD7B54 00560 CALL 547BH 543C C3D554 BB578 JP 54D5H ;TO TURN OFF TAPE

88 5 80 | 0B5 9B .-CASSETTE IF OFF INTRUPTS ARE ON

00688 ;NOW ASK FOR DESTINATION FILESPEC

88618 | 54D9 00620 ORG 54D9H 54D9 C3FC56 00630 JP 56FCH ;TO PILESPEC MESSAGE 00640 •

08658 I DISK FILE IS NOW OPEN STARTING WRITING TO DISK

B8668 | 57B4 B867B ORG 5704H 5704 210852 886 88 LD HL,52B8H (START OF FCB'S BUFFER 5787 118053 886 98 LD DE,53B8H ;FCB ITSELF 578A 0600 88780 LD B,BH ;256 BYTE RECORDS 57BC CD2044 00710 CALL 442BH ;OPEN FILE 57BF D9 0072B EXX ;SAVE ASSOCIATED FCB INFO 5718 219F5E 8B73B LD HL,5E9FH ; FIRST BYTE OF TAPE BUFFER 5713 227453 88740 LD (5374H) ,HL ;PGM POINTER TO TAPE BUFFER 5716 2A9D5E 00750 LD HL, (5E9DH) ;AJUST 5719 23 08760 INC tiL ; BLOCK 571A 23 0B77B INC HL ; COUNT 571B 229D5E 00780 LD (5E9DH) ,HL ;TO +1 OP TRUE VALUE 571E ED5B9D5E 007 90 WRDSK1 LD DE, (SE9DH) ;CKECK

5722 IB 08 888 DEC DE ;IF

5723 ED539D5E 00 801 LD (5E9DH) ,DE ; 5727 7A 00810 LD A,D •SECTOR 5728 B3 08828 OR E /COUNT 5729 CA4557 88 838 JP Z.WRDSK2 (COMPLETED 572C 0E08 00 840 LD C,BH (ELSE SET FOR 572E 8681 08 858 LD B,1H (256 BUTE TRANSFER 5738 2A7453 B8 86B LD HL,(5374H) (POINT PIRST BYTE TO TRANSFER 5733 118052 88878 LD DE,52BBH •FCB BUFFER FIRST BYTE 5736 EDB0 88 888 LDIR (MOVE A SECTORS WORTH OF DATA 5738 227453 88 898 LD (5374H) ,HL (STORE UPDATED POINTER TO BYTE

573B D9 88900 EXX ;FOR PROPER FCB INFO 573C CD3C44 0091B CALL 443CH (WRITE A SECTOR 573F C29D5E 88920 JP NZ.5E9DH (IF DISK ERROR 5742 D9 88938 EXX (BACK TO TRANSFER POINTERS 5743 18D9 80948 JR WRDSK1 (LOOP BACK FOR NEXT SECTOR 5745 D9 00950 WRDSK2 EXX (ORIGINAL REGS 5746 CD2844 Ml CALL 44 28H (CLOSE FILE 5749 C35957 00970 JP 5759H (TO DONE MESSAGE 8888 00980 END 88800 TOTAL ERRORS 32543 TEXT AREA BYTES LEFT

End

126 • 80 Micro, November 1984 THE CALCULATOR KIDS Finally there is an educational game for your computer that your child won't tire of. This game was tested in school systems on scores of children. Latoska Fields and Carmen Williams teamed up to bring your child an entertaining challenge. In the Calculator Kids Adventure ff1, the quest is to find a sacred sceptre in an ancient castle. Along the way your child will encounter strange beings and collect other magical items. While roaming and searching the castle your child will have to answer mathematical questions to

obtain items and open doors. The < Kids features the option of your child (or children, up to 5 can play at one time) selecting the skills they want to work with and what difficulty level they desire (1-10). Your child will never tire of the Calculator Kids because the game is different every time it is played. The Calculator Kids features REAL ACTION Graphics; doors open and close, items found can be taken out of the picture along with animation and other superb graphic tricks. The 48K version features more rooms and PAGODA stunning machine-language graphic utilities. Face the deadliest assassins in the world in Purchase the Calculator Kids Adventure #1 it's sure favorite with . Created by Jarvis McCrary, PAGODA today, to become a you and will change your thinking of what a video game your children. should be. Your mission is to ascend the five Model l/lll 16K Tape $24 95/32 K Disk $28.95 floors of the ODA in order to capture the Model l/lll 48K Tape $27.95/32K Disk $31.95 golden sword that is protected by the dreaded NINJA. ODA takes Video Gaming one step beyond, with REAL-ACTION Graphics. This means that your character in the game can act just as you would. In order for you to successfully capture the golden sword you will Run, Duck, Perform Front Somersaults, Backflips and Climb Ropes. is 100% machine language, thus providing crisp graphics and sharp sound. (Model IV owners, PAGODA provides sound through your internal speaker, eliminating the need for an amplifier.) PAGODA forces you to use fast reflexes and strategy; in other words. Can you prevail against an assortment of NINJAS that Somersault, Dive, Flip and Attack you at every turn? is a game of which you will never tire, variations in play of the game provide endless challenge. You will need all of these talents and more against a varied assortment of the dreaded NINJA. is sure to keep you coming back for more.

li 16KTape $17.95/32K Disk $19.95

ODA or CALCULATOR KIDS is available at finer computer and hobby stores or to order direct send check or money order to:

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VISA, MasterCard and CO D. phone orders accepted Please add $3.00 for shipping in the U.S.A. $6.00 Overseas Add $2 00 for COD Michigan residents add 4% sales tax. DEALER DISCOUNTS AVAILABLE ^3^ Both games work on Model IV and Model III mode. You can selectively access data blocks in Basic programs by reassigning the data pointer.

Data Grabber

by David Goben

s a Basic pro- which addresses 40A4-40A5 hex equal to INFO, the program subtracts

grammer, you point. The first 2 bytes of each pro- 1 from Dl, and POKEs its value into might find that gram line store the integer address of 40FF and 4100 hex (16639-16640 deci- you want to ac- the start of the next program line in mal). On return, you can read the de- cess a specific least significant byte/most significant sired data line. block of data in a program. For in- byte format. This is advantageous be- (Note that while the Restore com- stance, you may want to reuse data the cause you can use this information to mand in line 40 isn't necessary in this program has already bypassed in its search for a particular line more type of application, I used it here to execution, or you might want to access quickly than by scanning through the assure you that the pointer initially data within a particular program area, entire Basic line or by computing an points to an address other than the tar- like a program subroutine. offset from a line-length byte. get address.) Unfortunately, you can't selectively The next 2 bytes contain the line Program Listing 2 is the Assembly- access a block of data in a Basic pro- number. The text of the line follows language version of Data Pointer. The gram because Basic reads data blocks this, with all reserved words stored in CALL 0A7FH command picks up the

from beginning to end; it can't read compressed-code format. The line is value that you enter into HL. data from the middle of a block or ac- terminated by a 00H byte. CALL 1B2CH scans Basic for a

cess data it has already passed. match to the line number in DE. The The Method Data Pointer, listed in both Basic program returns the address of the line and Assembly language, lets you set a Data Pointer starts at the beginning number sought in registers BC. It's target line so that your program can of each line and scans the line number. then put to HL, decremented by 1, bypass unnecessary data and read only If the line number doesn't match the and loaded to the data pointer.

what you want (see Program Listings target number, the program calculates To use this routine, load it using

1 and 2). the start of the next line and tests it in disk or system tape, and set memory the same manner. to one below the origin. Take the ori- Solutions The Once Data Pointer finds a match, it gin and set it to the USR address as

One way to remedy this problem is decrements the address pointer by 1, demonstrated on pp. 8/8-8/12 of the by using the Restore command to read setting the pointer to the previous Level II Basic Reference Manual, or

all irrelevant data into an unused vari- line's end-of-line marker. The pro- pp. 191-192 of the TRS-80 Model III able. This, however, is time-consum- gram then POKEs this value into 40FF Operation and Basic Language Refer- ing, especially if your data comprises and 4100 hex. ence Manual.

mixed variables, such as string and nu- Program Listing 1 demonstrates a For disk users this is defined as: meric variables, in an unpredictable Basic version of this calculation as a DEF USR0 = address, although you format. subroutine. It begins reading data can change the origin to anything with An easier way to solve the problem from a line other than the first data which you feel comfortable. is to take advantage of the fact that the line. It sets the variable INFO to the Write to David at 30, Models I and III read data from mem- line number for which you're looking, Goben Box ory locations 40FF and 4100 hexadeci- and calls the data line calculation rou- Lecoma Star Route, Rolla, MO mal (hex). If you POKE an address in- tine in line 65000. 65401. to these locations that is below that of This routine sets the Dl variable to the line number you want to use, the the starting address of the Basic pro- The Key Box program begins reading data on the gram. Line 65010 scans each line, put-

next data line it encounters. ting each line number into D2 and Models I and III comparing it against INFO. If Dl and Bask Line Structure D2 don't match, the program updates Basic Basic stores programs in a uniform Dl so that it points to the start of the Assembly Language format, beginning at the location to next line, and reruns the scan. If D2 is

128 • 80 Micro, November 1984 Not only a spreadsheet, but a program generator as well

So good we sell it on a satisfaction guaranteed 30 day trial LUCID

on Snap- in™ ROM. Takes no memory to store or for operating overhead. All RAM is available for data storage. IS HERE!

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$149.95. Call 1-800-641-4645, ext 207 for free info pak.

Portable Computer Support Group, Inc. 11035 Harry Hines Blvd., #207, DaUas, Tx. 75229 First with software for the Model 100. 1-214-351-0564 »™ VISA/MASTER CARD/C.O.D. Registered trademark Microsoft Corp. "Registered trademark Lotus Corp. © 1984, PCSG, IllC. 3

en c U H « —. M T3 CO HIS in < < oi in to E- CQ Wi D K « -'

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(0 4-1 U-l o • 3H3 H) Q a. L. 0. o x: in in * U X J Q i » ...... x ~

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130 • 80 Micro, November 1984 .

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TRS-80 Model III & 4 OUR FAMOUS DISK CONTROLLER MODEL I STARTER COMPLETE DRIVES uoksih PACKAGE and If you have a Model I and an Expansion Fits TRS-80 Models 1 .3.4 and the HH DRIVE KITS Interface this is what you need to get started Color Computer plus the others ^H with disks. Included is one 40 track single-side that use standard drives. The drive I disk drive complete with matching silver case of your choice is mounted ^^ and power supply, a 2-drive cable, a TRSDOS in a sturdy, all-steel cabinet. An external gold Convert your cassette Model III or 4 to 2.3 disk operating system and TRSDOS plated drive connector allows cabling without disk operation with one of our complete manual plus all insurance and delivery charges disassembly of the cabinet. Half-high drives come kits. You receive our own advanced disk to your door (lower 48 states). in a full-size cabinet that will hold and power our controller board with gold plated edge half-high drives. Single drives have a panel contacts capable of 4-drive operation; Yours for only $ &w9 covering the unused space allowing a second drive supply; plated steel our own power We also have the LNW Model I Expansion to be added at any time. All are shipped fully mounting towers complete with RFI Interface available. This unit comes with 32K assembled ready to use. Specify silver or white (the maximum) for a system total of 48K, enclosure. shield plus all the cables and hardware RAM necessary. Detailed instructions are a buiit-m RS-232C and a one year factory warranty. We have discounted the price of this 40tk Single Side full size (TM10O-1) $189 included. All you need is a screwdriver nationally known unit to only 40tk Double Side fun size (TM100-2) 229 and a pair of pliers. System kits come 80tk DS full size (TM101-4) 319 with 40 track single-side Tandon drives $ 319 delivered 1-40tk SS half-high FD-55A in dual case 189 (TM100-1) or just order the basic kit and You can add our renown "DDC" double 2-40tk SS half-high FD-55A's in dual case ...329 pick the drives you want from the density controller to either the Radio Shack or 1-40tk DS half-high FD-55B in dual case 219 selection in the next column. the LNW E/l for 80% more storage capacity 2-40tk DS half-high FD-55BS in dual case .399 on your drive. Go ahead, you deserve 1-80tk DS half-high FD-55F in dual case 269 increased density. See the opposite page for 2-80tk DS half-high FD-55Fs in dual case... 499 CONTROLLER KIT $199 (Complete - Everything you nwd MM drivw) the latest details. 1 DRIVE SYSTEM 349 $99 2 DRIVE SYSTEM 499 CONTROLLER ONLY 110 MOUNTING KIT & These 8' Thinline drives work s^L^H POWER SUPPLY 95 100% BURN-IN and TEST with the Model 2 and 12 plus aii our products are bumed-in and futy tested prior to ^^H RS-232 BOARD 69 ready-to-go. others that use standard shipment. We want you to receive an item AEROCOMP means reliability! drives. The rugged all-steel ' a^»^^ cabinet has an extra heavy duty power supply ORDER NOW! rated for continous operation. A removeable air MISCELLANEOUS GOODIES « uh Can our toil-free number service and place your order. Have filter allows only clean air to circulate. Cabinets your American Express, Mastercharge or Visa number with single drives are supplied with a blank panel ready. We wM not charge your card until the day we ship Model 1 TRSDOS 2.3 disk & manual $25 to cover the unused space. A second drive can your order. You may order by mail using your credit card, Model III TRSDOS 1.3 disk & manual 25 check or money order. Personal and company checks are be added at any time. Add $12 shipping and LDOS (specify Model I or III) 69 welcome and cause no shipping delay as long as they are handling. signature exactly agrees with the NEWDOS 80 v2.0 (specify Model I or III)... .119 bank printed and the printed on the check. We wi ship surface COD with 10 disks in smoke lib box, Lifetime Guar 19 name 1-8' $389 SS Tandon TM848-1E & case no deposit but all COD's require cash or a cashier's check 5.25" drive power supply & enclosure 59 2-8* SS Tandon TM848-1E's & case 649 on delivery. Texas residents add 6% State Sales Tax. No 8" drive power supply, end. & fan, 1-8- DS Tandon TM848-1E & case 499 tax collected on out of state shipments. Canadians add $20 , 5V-24V 150 2-8* DS Tandon TM848-1E s & case 849 to your orders if over $500 for customs 5.25" 2-drive cable 24 documentation 5.25" 4-drive cable 34 5.25" Extender cable with gold contacts 13 call toll-free BARE DRIVES ** u s*h „ FREE TRIAL OFFER 800-527-3582 usa These drives are completely I WflM H Use your Aerocomp hardware product for up to 14 days. are not satisfied for ANY REASON (except misuse, burned-in and tested for your I BB S If you damage or improper handing), return it (insured) r\ the ultimate satisfaction. Add that I H ^m 800-442-1310 texas original shipping container (or a full purchase price refund, extra drive today! Please add $5 I Hal mm less shipping Sorry. (Ma offer does not apply to handling for each drive For inquiries or information for shipping and software. Defective software win be replaced only. Any ordered. hardware/software specials will be prorated and the or to check on or change an order charged at the regular unbundted price, software w» be call 214-339-8324 w ill 40tk SS full size Tandon TM100-1 $159 we have confidence in our products and we know you satisfied. 40tk DS full size Tandon TM100-2 199 be 40tk SS half high TEAC FD55-A 149 WARRANTY 40tk DS half high TEAC FD55-B 189 AERCCCIilP We offer a one year warranty on parts and labor against 80tk full size Tandon TM101-4 289 DS defects in materials and workmanship. In the event service Redbird Airport, Bldg. 8 half high TEAC FD55-F 239 our service 80tk DS becomes necessary for any reason you wM find P.O. Box 24829 8" SS half high Tandon TM848-1E 260 department fast, friendy and cooperative. We want to keep 8" DS half high Tandon TM848-2E 375 you happy Out of warranty repairs are also available. Dallas, TX 75224 ^ 82

132 • 80 Micro, November 1984 2 »

5 MEG * HARD DRIVE

# Comes complete with cable and your choice of • software driver* (CP/M, LDOS, TRSDOS)

10 Megabyte Hard Drive $995 SYSTEM FEATURES 15 Megabyte Hard Drive 1195 • For TRS-80 Model 3-4-4P Now, for a reasonable price, you can enjoy the benefits of • One Year Warranty increased storage and faster disk I/O. These units are • Size Rated After Format precision engineered, tested and delivered ready to use. Specify the software driver of your choice, add your disk • Continuous Duty Power operating system and get on with it. As always your satis- Supply faction is guaranteed with our 1 4 day free trial offer. How can • Error Checking & Correcting you go wrong? Order now and start enjoying your computer's • Continuous Duty Fan real capability. requires 5.0" Model 3 I DOS • Size 11.5" x 12.5" x Model 4 requires TRSDOS 62 or Montezuma Micro CP/M 2 Please add $10 handling & snipping

See opposite page* » » » » ll »t Double Density Controller

Add 80% more capacity to your disk system with the Double Density Controller (DDC) from Aerocomp.

The Story

Some products have what it takes to seem to last forever Our DDC is capture window than the digital types the others use This allows high one of those products What it does is allow you to operate your TRS-80 resolution data centering. Our DDC analog circuit allows infinitely vanable Model 1 disk system in double density. In this case double density means tuning The attack and settling times are optimum for 5 25 diskettes The almost doubling the storage capacity of your diskettes Single density, thats oft-stated fears of ad|ustment problems have been proved groundless by the way Rack) Shack designed your Model I expansion interface, organizes thousands of satisfied users the world over The bottom line here is your disk into 10 sectors per track Each sector contains 256 bytes of data state-of-the-art performance and reliability for a total storage capacity of 2,560 bytes or 2.5K per track times the number of tracks your drive is capable of add'essmg Double density. on the other hand, ORDER YOURS TODAY writes 18 sectors per track each containing 256 bytes for a total of 4,608 bytes or 4 5K. That 80°.o more data in the same space Why didn't TRS-80 Model I disk system owners who are ready for reliable double density Radio Shack do that in the beginning, you ask? Well it costs money to do operation will get 80°o more storage per diskette single and double density double density because it is more difficult to do than single density and the data separation with far fewer disk I/O errors, single density compatibility; is data harder to capture reliably That means more cost and the Model i simple plug-m operation. You will need a disk operating system that has the was meant to be a low-cost computer for the masses. Therefore, no double necessary double density software All the popular DOS s (except TRSDOS) density. have the dnvers. We have put together two special packages in the event

you don t already have one of the more popular DOS s. The Facts "DDC" by itself Other companies introduced double density controllers for the Model I but $99 they were not so good. We waited and waited but even new models failed to correct problems with data separation that kept cropping up So we went "DDC" and LDOS 1 59 to work and came up with a new design to cure the old problem. At last!

A double density controller for the Model I with a higher probability of data recovery than with any other double density controller on the market then "DDC" and NEWDOS 80 v2.0 1 89 or since. Our analog design phase lock loop data separator has a wider

.- See List of Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 133 Converter makes disk-to-disk file transfers between EDAS and EDTASM.

From EDAS to EDTASM and Back

by David M. Zevchak

DAS, Misosys's of individual digits of the line number EDTASM, Converter reads over the editor/assem- strung together plus BOH. For exam- D3 hex header byte and the file name. bler, provides a ple, the editor/assemblers translate It then opens the new file and transfers special com- the line number 00125 as BOH, BOH, the line number. Converter replaces mand for load- B1H, B2H, and B5H. the 20 hex address follower with a 09 ing Radio Shack EDTASM files with Figure 3 displays NEWDOS80's en- hex address follower, then transfers EDAS, but no such command exists to hanced EDTASM source file. A com- the rest of the data for that line. do the reverse: load an EDAS file with parison between it and the EDAS If, during the translation of the EDTASM. source file reveals that they're com- source file the program discovers a file One solution is to make an EDAS pletely compatible. error, it saves the portion of the file al- source cassette tape using DTT, ready translated to the output file and EDAS's disk-to-tape program, and Converter exits to DOS Ready. load the tape using TPSRC, TRS- Converter translates files between Figure 4 represents the original ED- DOS's tape-to-disk program. This EDAS and EDTASM formats. You TASM source file translated into disk-to-tape, tape-to-disk transfer specify an EDAS file as the input file EDAS format. Notice the null file

process is tedious, but it lets you access and the output file is an EDTASM name (six blank spaces) that the pro- desired EDAS files with EDTASM. file; an EDTASM input file results in gram assigns to the file. Rather than go through all that, I an EDAS output file and vice versa. The lack of an internal file name in wrote Converter, a translator program Converter first asks for the input the EDAS file isn't a problem when

that allows disk-to-disk file transfers source file. If the input file exists, it de- loading to the EDAS disk editor/

between EDTASM and EDAS in termines the type of file it is convert- assembler, but can cause problems if either direction (see Program Listing ing. If the file format doesn't meet you transfer the file to tape after the

1). Converter runs on the Model III either the EDAS or the EDTASM for- translation and try to load it. under TRSDOS 1.3, NEWDOS802.0, mat, the program closes the input file You can handle this by loading the and LDOS 5.1.2 and requires 32K and exits to DOS Ready. file into the editor/assembler and sav-

of RAM. If the input file is an EDAS or ED- ing it back again (this replaces the null TASM file, Converter asks for an out- name with a real name) or by changing File Formats put file name. One caveat here: Don't the 20 hex byte in line 10010 to a literal Before looking at Converter, it's specify the same file name for input character, such as A. This will give all

important to understand the differ- and output files. Converter will write your files the internal file name ences between EDTASM and EDAS over your input source file. The pro- AAAAAA. source files. Program Listing 2 is a gram will then abort and return to The internal file name has no bear-

sample program that I typed into ED- DOS Ready, leaving you without an ing on loading the file-to-disk edi- TASM on TRSDOS 1.3, EDAS 3.5.2 input or output file. tor/assembler because it looks only at on TRSDOS 1.3, and enhanced ED- Assuming you've entered a unique the name in the directory. TASM on NEWDOS80 2.0. output file name, Converter begins the

Figure 1 shows how EDTASM translation. If you're converting an Contact David M. Zevchak at 143 stores that file on disk, and Fig. 2 EDTASM file to an EDAS file, Con- W. Leyte, Mishawaka, IN 46545. shows EDAS's format. Notice that verter opens the new file for output, EDTASM lacks a D3H header byte at writes a D3 hex header byte to the new The Key Box the beginning of the file and lacks the file, and writes a null file name. Model III 6-byte file name following the D3 hex- Following this is the line number 32K RAM adecimal (hex) header byte. from the original file and a 20 hex ad- Assembly Language Also, EDAS uses a 20H byte after dress follower byte. The rest of the line numbers, while EDTASM uses a original file data follows. Editor/Assembler 09H byte. Each line number consists When converting an EDAS file to

134 • 80 Micro, November 1984 a.;

FOR TRS-80 MODELS 1, 3 & 4 IBM PC, XT, AND COMPAQ

000100: B0B0 B0B1 B009 3B20 5448 4953 2049 5320 Train Your Computer 000110: 4120 5445 5354 204F 4620 5448 4520 4544 A TEST OF THE ED 000120: 5441 534D 2041 4E44 2045 4441 5320 4544 TASK AND EDAS ED to be an 000130: 4954 4F52 2F41 5353 454D 424C 4552 530D I TOR/ASSEMBLERS 000140: B0B0 B0B2 B009 094F 5247 0937 3030 3048 000150: 0DB0 B0B0 B3B0 093B 0DB0 B0B0 B4B0 0909 EXPERT! 000160: 4C44 0941 2C42 0909 3B4C 4F41 4420 5245 LD. A,B. . ; LOAD RE 000170: 4720 4220 494E 544F 2052 4547 2041 0DB0 G B INTO REG A.. 000180: B0B0 B5B0 0909 414E 4409 3034 4809 093B AND.04H.. Expert systems facilitate the reduc- 000190: 6C6F 6769 6361 6C20 616E 6420 7265 6720 logical and reg 0001A0: 4120 616E 6420 3034 480D B0B0 B0B6 B009 tion of human expertise to simple. 0001B0: 0945 4E44 0D1A 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 English-style rule-sets, then use 0001C0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001D0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 them to diagnose problems "Know- 0001E0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ledge engineers " are developing 0001F0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 many applications now EXPERT-2, Jack Park's outstanding Figure 1. EDIASM file stored on disk introduction to expert systems, has been modified by MMS for MMS-

FORTH V2.0 and up We supply it with full and well-documented source code to permit addition of 000100: 0954 4553 5420 20B0 B0B0 B1B0 203B 2054 .TEST ; T advanced features, a good manual 000110: 4 84 9 5320 4953 2041 2054 4553 5420 4F46 HIS IS A TEST OF 000120: 2054 4845 2045 4454 4153 4D20 414E 4420 THE EDTASM AND and sample rule-sets stock market 000130: 4544 4153 2045 4449 544F 522F 4153 5345 EDAS EDITOR/ASSE analysis, a digital fault analyzer, and 000140: 4D42 4C45 5253 0DB0 B0B0 B2B0 2009 4F52 the Animal Plus the benefits 000150: 4709 3730 3030 480D B0B0 B0B3 B020 3B0D Game 000160: B0B0 B0B4 B020 094C 4409 412C 4209 093B LD.A,B..; of MMSFORTH's excellent full- 000170: 4C4F 4144 2052 4547 2042 2049 4E54 4F20 LOAD REG B INTO screen editor, super-fast compiling, 000180: 5245 4720 410D B0B0 B0B5 B020 0941 4E44 000190: 0930 3448 90 9 3B6C 6F67 6 963 616C 2061 .04H..; logical a compact and high-speed run-time 0001A0: 6E64 2072 6567 2041 2061 6E64 2030 3448 nd reg A and 04H code, many built-in utilities and 0001B0: 0DB0 B0B0 B6B0 2009 454E 440D 1A00 0000 0001C0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 wide choice of other application 0001D0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 programs 0001E0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000

0001F0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 - ( Rule 1 demo in EXPERT-2 ) IF YOU WANT EXPERT-2 Figure 2. EDAS file stored on disk. ANDNOT YOU OWN MMSFORTH THENHYP YOU NEED TO BUY MMSFORTH PLUS EXPERT-2 BECAUSE MMSFORTH IS REQUIRED

DRV 00 D354 4553 5420 20B0 B0B0 B1B0 203B 2054 .TEST ;.T 10 4849 5320 4953 2041 2054 4553 5420 4F46 HIS. IS. A. TEST. OF 0H 20 2054 4845 2045 4454 4153 4D20 414E 4420 .THE. EDTASM. AND. EXPERT-2 30 4544 4153 2045 4449 544F 522F 4153 5345 EDAS. EDITOR/ASSE DRS 40 4D42 4C45 5253 0DB0 B0B0 B2B0 2009 4F52 MBLERS OR in 415 50 4709 3730 3030 4 80D B0B0 B0B3 B020 3B0D G.7000H ;. 19FH60 B0B0 B0B4 B020 094C 4409 412C 4209 093B LD.A,B..; 70 4C4F 4144 2052 4547 2042 2049 4E54 4F20 LOAD. REG. B. INTO. 80 5245 4720 410D B0B0 B0B5 B020 0941 4E44 REG. A AND 90 0930 3448 0909 3B6C 6F67 6963 616C 2061 .04H. .; logical. A0 6E64 2072 6567 2041 2061 6E64 2030 3448 nd. reg . A. and. 04H B0 0DB0 B0B0 B6B0 2009 454E 440D 1A00 0000 END FRS C0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 FORTH D0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0H E0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 Another exciting tool for our F0 0000 0000 0000 0000 alternative software environment 1

• Personal License (required). Figure 3. NEWDOS80 enhanced EDTASM source file. MMSFORTH System Disk IBM PC $24995

' MMSFOfl^H System Disk TRS-80 3 (X 4 . . $12996 • Personal License (optional modules): FORTHCOM axnmunKatiOPS module .... $3995 000100: D320 2020 2020 20B0 B0B0 B1B0 203B 2054 UTIUTIES $3995 000110: 4 84 9 5320 4953 2041 2054 4553 5420 4F46 HIS IS A TEST OF 000120: 2054 4845 2045 4454 4153 4D20 414E 4420 THE EDTASM AND GAMES $3995 000130: 4544 4153 2045 4449 544F 522F 4153 5345 EDAS EDITOR/ASSE EXPERT-2 expert system $6996 000140: 4D42 4C45 5253 0DB0 B0B0 B2B0 2009 4F52 DATAHANDlER $5996 000150: 4709 3730 3030 4 80D B0B0 B0B3 B020 3B0D G.7000H ;. for 000160: B0B0 B0B4 B020 094C 4409 412C 4209 093B LD.A,B..; DA'AHANDlER-P'.US I PC only) $99 95 000170: 4C4F 4144 2052 4547 2042 2049 4E54 4F20 LOAD REG B INTO FOflTHYVRITE wort processor $'7SQC 000180: 5245 4720 410D B0B0 B0B5 B020 0941 4E44

000190: 0930 3448 0909 3B6C 6F67 6963 616C 2061 .04H. . ; logical a • Corporate Site License 0001A0: 6E64 2072 6567 2041 2061 6E64 2030 3448 nd reg A and 04H Extensions from $1,000 0001B0: 0DB0 B0B0 B6B0 2009 454E 440D 1A42 4C45

0001C0: 5220 4150 5045 4E44 4147 452C 2056 4552 R APPENDAGE, VER Sntppng'handiing & tan extra 0001D0: 5349 4F4E 2033 2E30 0DA0 4F42 4A45 4354 SION 3.0.. OBJECT 0001E0: 2046 4 94C 4520 544F 2044 4953 4B20 4F52 FILE TO DISK OR As* your dewer to snow you the world oi MMSFORTH or 0001F0: 2054 4150 453F 2020 2844 204F 5220 5429 TAPE? (D OR T) request our free brochure

MILLER MICROCOMPUTER SERVICES Figure 4. Converted EDTASM file. 61 Lake Shore Road, Natick. MA 01760 (617)653-6136

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80 Micro, November 1984 • 137 Change your DOS's Kill command (or any other library command) to one that more closely suits your taste.

Thou Shalt Not KiU

by Josef Friedman

political terror- and III) includes a Diskzap monitor DOSPLUS 3.4 has no Help com-

ist kills a hos- that finds the Kill command at cyl- mand to change. tage. A TRS-80 inder 10 hexadecimal (hex), sector 2 owner kills a hex. DOSPLUS 3.5 file. You might Figure 1 is a screen dump of sector sense there's something wrong with our 10 on a DOSPLUS 3.4 disk. The first DOSPLUS 3.5 provides Diskzap, language when we use the same word two numbers in the left-hand column too. In the Model III, DOSPLUS 3.5 to describe such disparate events. represent the track number, the sec- stores the library commands at track If you object to the use of words ond two numbers are the sector num- 13 hex, sector 4 hex. In the Model I, it like "kill" as a library command, or if ber, and the last two numbers repre- stores the commands at track 10 hex, you're tired of using the same Model sent the hex address of the first byte on sector 9 hex. I/III library commands, you can re- the line. Following that is a dump of DOSPLUS 3.5 command-name name them in just a few minutes using the sector from bytes 00-FF. changes are more complicated than

the techniques I'll describe here. To the right is the ASCII display those of other DOSes because DOS- With a monitor program like Disk- area. (DOSPLUS 3.4 represents non- PLUS 3.5 adds 80 hex to the first char- zap (for DOSPLUS), Super Utility printable characters on the screen as a acter of each command. This makes Plus (for TRSDOS), Zap (for MUL- period.) The Kill command is obvious that character appear as a period in the TIDOS), or Superzap (for NEWDOS- in line 20. I changed it to REMV for ASCII column. 80), you can change Kill or any other "remove," abbreviating to stay within DOSPLUS 3.5 represents the K in library command to suit your taste. the original four-character limit. Kill as CB (4B hex plus 80 hex), not 4B The theory behind changing the Kill You can change the Kill command (4B hex is the ASCII code for the letter

command is common to all the DOS- with the monitor's Modify command "K"). Since the ASCII code for R is es. In each case, you need the com- (M) by substituting the appropriate 52 hex, you can insert D2 (52 hex + 80 mand's track and sector locations; hex characters from an ASCII con- hex) in place of CB. Then use the you'll find them in the Table. As an version table. If your monitor includes ASCII option to change ILL to EMV.

example, I'll describe how to change an ASCII (A) option, you can make In the Model III, DOSPLUS 3.5's the Kill command in DOSPLUS 3.4 in the change by inserting REMV in Help file resides at track 1 1 hex, sector detail and give you a brief account for place of KILL. Look at Fig. 2 to see 8 hex. In the Model I, it resides at each of the other DOSes. the result. track 0E hex, sector 2 hex. Some DOSes provide a Help file that describes how to use library com- mands. You should change this file to reflect the renamed library command. DOS Monitor Command Help Miscellaneous DOSPLUS 3.4 DOSPLUS 3.4 Diskzap 10 hex, 2 hex No No DOSPLUS 3.5 Diskzap 13 hex, 4 hex 1 1 hex, 8 hex Query 19 hex, OC hex DOSPLUS 3.4 (for the Models I TRSDOS 2.3 SuperU 16, 1 No No TRSDOS 1.3 SuperU 16,4 19, 10 Lib 19, 2 Mess. 20, 5 The Key Box MULTIDOS 1.4 Zap 16,9 19, 14, and 15 No MULTIDOS 1.6 Zap 18,4 21, 14 No NEWDOS80 2.0 Superzap 163 No No Models I and 01 DOSPLUS 3.4 and 3.5 TRSDOS 2.3 and 1.3 Table. Track and sector locations needed to change DOSPL US, TRSDOS, MULT/DOS, NEWDOS80 library commands. MULTIDOS 1.4 and 1.6 and NEWDOS80 2.0

138 • 80 Micro, November 1984 nnnnn nnnnn nnnnn EQDDCPaO TRS 80 COMPUTERS 100% PURE RADIO SHACK CALL TOLL-FREE 1-800-248-3823 TANDY 2000

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26-5141 Hi Res Color Graphics Chip . $199.00 26-5160 Internal 128K Kit $ 299.00 00 26-531 1 Microsoft Multiplan $ 195.00 $21 75 26-5352 dBase II (Data Base) ' $ 595.00 26-5330 Multmate $ 249.00 MODEL 4 COMPUTERS

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PERR9 COIIIPUTERS - • 137 M fill. M8872 A

DOSPLUS 3.5 requires one addi- NEWDOS80 2.0 You can reach Josef Friedman at tional zap. The Kill command has a NEWDOS80 includes the Superzap the department ofmath and computer query option. You must zap the monitor program which will find science, Western Connecticut State query to REMV?. You'll find KILL? the Kill command at disk relative sec- University, 181 White St., Danbury, this at track 19 hex, sector hex in OC tor 163. CT 06810. the Model III and at track 16 hex, sec-

tor 9 hex in the Model I.

TRSDOS 2.3 and 1.3 You'll have to make TRSDOS 100200: 464F 5243 4520 B64E 464F 524D 5320 B74E FORCE .NFORMS .N 180210: 4652 4545 2020 B94E 4A4F 494E 2020 B64E FREE .NJOIN .N changes with a separate monitor pro- 100220: 4B49 4C4C 2020 B54E 4C49 4220 2020 BA4E KILL .NLIB .N 100230: 4C49 5354 2020 B54E 4C4F 4144 2020 B54E LIST .NLOAD .N gram, since TRSDOS doesn't provide 100240: 5041 5553 4520 BA4E 5052 4F54 2020 B7 4E PAUSE .NPROT .N 100250: 5245 4E41 4045 B44E 5253 3233 3220 BA4E RENAME. NRS232 .N one and its Debug utility can't access 100260: 5449 4D45 2020 BA4E 5645 5249 4659 BA4E TIME .NVERIFY.N system files. You can use Super Util- 100270: B0D5 0606 CD6A 5020 37FE 2F20 0912 1306 jP 7./ 1002B0: B3CD 6A50 2037 FE2E 2009 1213 0608 CD6A •OP 7 j

ity Plus or any other such monitor 100290: 5028 2AFE 3A20 0912 1306 02CD 6A50 201D P *. : jP . program. 1002A0: 3E03 12D1 D501 EE51 CDA6 50D1 28C3 AF01 1002B0: 00FC 4FC9 FE2A 2009 1213 0602 CD6A 5028 ..o..» jP( You'll find the Model I's TRSDOS 100200: F.3D1 C93A BB42 4F7E 23FE 2028 FAFE 3A20 1002D0: 197E 23D6 30D8 4F3A B742 3DB9 D87E 23CB ."I.0.O: .B«..~». 2.3 library commands at track 16, sec- 1002F0: AFFE 4128 04FE 4220 0123 2BAF C9D5 E5EB ..A(..B .1* 1002F0: 2306 097E FE2F 280D 380E FE3A 3804 FE41 ».."./(. 8. .:8.. tor 1. TRSDOS 1.3 (for the Model III) Figure 1. Hex dump of DOSPLUS 3.4. track 10 hex, sector 2 hex. The Kill command is in contains several areas that support the line 20. library commands. Track 16, sector 4 contains the commands; track 19, sec- tor 2 contains the word listings for the LIB command. Track 19, sector 10

contains the command descriptions 100200 464F 5243 4520 B64E 464F 524D 5320 B74E FORCE .NFORMS .N B64E FREE .NJOIN .N for the Help command. Track 20, sec- 100210 4652 4545 2020 B94E 4A4F 494E 2020 100220 5245 4D56 2020 B54E 4C49 4220 2020 BA4E REMV .NLIB .N tor 5 contains the screen message 100230 4C49 5354 2020 B54E 4C4F 4144 2020 B54E LIST .NLOAD .N 100240 5041 5553 4520 BA4E 5052 4F54 2020 B74E PAUSE .NPROT .N "Killing." 100250 5245 4E41 4D45 B44E 5253 3233 3220 BA4E RENAME. NRS232 .N 100260 5449 4D45 2020 BA4E 5645 5249 4659 BA4E TIME .NVERIFY.N 100270 00D5 0608 CD6A 5020 37FE 2F20 0912 1306 jP 7./ 100280 03CD MULTIDOS 1.4 and 1.6 6A50 2037 FE2E 2009 1213 0608 CD6A ..jP 7 j 100290 5020 2AFE 3A20 0912 1306 02CD 6A50 201D MULTIDOS 1.4 (for the Model I) 1002A0 3E03 12D1 D501 EE51 CDA6 50D1 2BC3 AF01 > O..P.(... 1002B0 00FC 4FC9 FE2A 2009 1213 0602 CD6A 5028 ..0..* jP( has the library commands at track 16, 1002C0 E3D1 C93A B842 4F7E 23FE 2028 FAFE 3A20 BO~l. (..: 1002D0 197E 23D6 30D6 4F3A B742 3DB9 D87E 23CB ."•.0.0: .B-.."#. sector 9 and the Help file at track 19, 1002E0 AFFE 4128 04FE 4220 0123 2BAF C9D5 E5EB ..A(..B .# + sectors 14 and 15. 10021-0 2306 097E FE2F 280D 3 80E FE3A 3 804 FE41 •.."./(• 8.. :8..A MULTIDOS 1.6 for the Model III has the library at track commands 18, Figu re 2. Hex dump of DOSPLUS 3.4 with Kill changed to REMV. sector 4 and the Help descriptions at track 21, sector 14.

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140 • 80 Micro. November 1984 2

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ISODVILL EPSON* OWNERS Max*N Floppy Disks DIET We get letters on a regular basis PROGRAM from customers saying how much The Mini-Disks they enjoy receiving our lists. $69.95 Ifs probably safe to say that our lists with riKiximum quality are different from most of the others in "TAKE A BYTE".^* ^? that they are as entertaining as they MAINTAIN. LOSE OR GAIN WEIGHT & informative, With Nw NODVILL DIET PROGRAM Takt • Byta are and a TRS-M DO DIU M I/III/4 01 PC CompatlMa The lists are "slanted" toward the EPSON Printer user but should be of • Catevlata caloric and nutritiv* loo*. Inlaka • Cvahaafa nuimnw vatua ol your dial interest to the owner of most any • CimpOT daMy dial to indmdual ROA Chart • Craarta paraonafcrao' dairy m*m and nanus microcomputer printer. • Wan* vartad daily manut baaad on aound nutmton • Sanraj racordi ol daMy maah) and manut lor lutura plannmg Send us your name and address Dealer inquiries • Print nutnaon chant, food maal manu and grocary Intt and we'll send you a rather fat invited COD'S Tafca a Byte" i Modular BASIC Prooram accepted Call MAIN Prooram Manu envelope filled with computer i Dairy Diater. 235-4137. ABOMnca (ROA] CHART oriented offers. FREE (800) (i) 733 EipandaMa Random Accatt FOOO LIST Oata fila (3) 21 Nulnlnnal MEAL LIST Data Fila Eiamplai (4) 7 B tlinc ad OAILY MENU LIST Data FHa Eumptat (SI GROCERY LIST Program Modulo II) n Paaja USER S MANUAL MctuoMg Cham and TMMi ZYGOTRON PACIFIC EXCHANGES 279 P.O. Box 27 " 100 Foothill Blvd . San Luis San Luis Obispo. CA 93401 Fremont, Michigan 4941 In Cal call (800) 592-5935 or BNOOVILL SoRwara 24 Nod Road (805)543-1037 UJts soot to USA adotesses ana bv mail only "EPSON MdgaflaM. Conn OM77 *L trademark of Epson A/nenca me ^ 207

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• S— Utt of Advertisers on Page 1 76 80 Micro, November 1984 141 ' 5

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* 5m Ual of Advertlsars on Page 1 76 80 Micro, November 1984 • 143 WITH ONE OF SAVE A BUNDLE OUR BUNDLES

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Due to the nature of this business, mere are NO REFUNDS on software. We accept American Express, MasterCard. Vsa and COO Your card is not charged until we ship your order Personal and company checks are accepted without delay (cal lor details) Delivered prices are (or the tower rightmost 48 States only Prices and specificatorssut)^ to cttarige without notice rj # * and CaleStar betora to call take the time to explain it until •1984 by Montezuma Mcro WordStar*. SpeHSlaf, Startndex-. MartMerge . DataStai-. RepertStaT It you dorft understand any ot this, just give us a and we win MicroPro* International Corporation CP/M* belongs to Digrtal Research Inc. dBASE II* belongs to Ashton-Tate. Ire Al trie Penete you do first-timers are always welcome here. belong to Michael Shrayer Turbo Pascal" belongs to Borland International •475 ORDER NOW . . . TOLL FREE MONTEZUMA 800-527-0347 214-339-5104 800-442-1310 Redbird Airport Hangar #8

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144 • 80 Micro, November 1984 HAS YOUR COMPUTER SUPPLIER DESERTED YOU?

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1 \7 N MAIN, f>Q BOX 1 %, Pf-.RRY, Ml 48872 PROJECT 80 / by Roger C. Alford

Talk of the Town: A 300-Baud Modem

Telecommunications plays an im- portant role in computing. This is obvious from the response I got to the January 1984 Project 80, "Hardware That Communicates," (p. 197) that described how to build an RS-232C se- rial communications board. If you want your computer to com- municate with another system, you have to use a modem with your serial port. The modem converts the signal from the serial board to one the tele- phone system can handle. The com- puter at the receiving end must also have a modem to convert the signals

back. I'll show you how to build a 300- baud modem for this purpose. You can use a modem with any computer that has an RS-232C serial communications interface. Because

it's a standard interface, even non-Ra- Photo. Completed 300-baud direct-connect modem.

dio Shack systems can use it. There are quencies) from one place to another. typical uses. Since the system you're no minimum system configuration re- quirements. A modem converts the 1 and zero volt- calling will generally answer using the ages from a serial port into predeter- frequencies of an answer modem, The modem will use a new modem you mined frequencies, and puts these fre- must use the originate frequencies. Al- (IQ from National Semiconductor, the 74HC943, which quencies on the phone lines where they most all (if not all) commercial and can be picked up on the other end. The university time-sharing systems and has nearly all of the functions of a 300- receiving modem must also send its 1 networks (including 80 Micro's BBS) baud modem on-chip. It requires sur- and zero values as frequencies, but will answer a call using the frequencies prisingly little support circuitry to make a complete direct-connect these must differ to keep them from of an answer modem. You will nearly modem. being confused with those from the always want your own modem config- first modem. ured as an originate unit. The modem Basics Modem Because these frequencies must be described in this column lets you select If you're not familiar with the different, the first modem must be an either mode. basics of serial communications, I rec- originate modem, while the second ommend that you dig up your January must be an answer modem. The origi- The MM74HC943 300-Baud 1984 80 Micro and review that issue's nate modem transmits a logical 1 Modem Chip Project 80 (p. 197). (mark) value as a 1 ,270 Hz tone, and a

As you might recall, serial ports logical zero (space) value as a 1 ,070 Hz The heart of this month's project is output a serial bit stream at a specified tone. Similarly, the answer modem the 20-pin MM74HC943 modem chip baud (bits-per-second) rate. The baud transmits a mark as a 2,225 Hz tone from National Semiconductor. This rate at the receiving end must match and a space as a 2,025 Hz tone. So that chip incorporates all the functions of a

these parameters. Since the 1 and zero these two modems can work together, 300-baud modem (including filters) on values output from the serial port are the originate modem receives marks a single chip, requiring only external represented by voltages, you can't di- and spaces at 2,225 Hz and 2,025 Hz, resistors and capacitors for a full func- rectly connect the output of a serial while the answer modem receives tioning modem. You can add a special port to the telephone lines. The phone marks and spaces at 1,270 Hz and line transformer to permit direct-con- company wouldn't be pleased if you 1,070 Hz. nection operation to the telephone tried to send voltages over their lines. The names given to the modems, lines. Also, because the modem chip is

The phone system is, however, set originate and answer, have no real made using high-speed CMOS pro- up for communicating sound (fre- meaning other than to indicate their cesses, it consumes little power.

146 • 80 Micro, November 1984 1

LIST KEY THE PEOPLE PROGRAM OF THE PEOPLE GET YOUR REVENGE!!! List/Key is a sophisticate J list management program ded- icated to organizing information about people Name and address formats can he created with onlv a tew keystrokes. With THE REVENGE"* from UNICORN SOFTWARE. THE REVENGE is a remarkable new text adventure from a flV THE PEOPLE remarkable new company. Consisting of over two-hundred loca- Lisi/Kev was crafted hv professionals to perform at top speed to gain riches tions, you must overcome man and beast and with maximum simplicity A thousand entries can be sorted in reward. If you win THE REVENGE™ and are one of the first five less than 20 seconds by simplv pointing the cursor at one of 24 persons to do so. you will win a complimentary copy of THE optional fields REVENGE II: The Starch for the Sceptre . upon its release. 1 But THE REVENGE * Isn't the only high quality adventure that FOR THE PEOPLE UNICORN SOFTWARE produces. We are also introducing SUN- List/Key can be easily modified tor home, business and M DA V DRIVE - an adventure so demanding that even it's objec professional applications. Hundreds of help messages, menus tive is unknown. and prompts guide the operator through each step Both THE REVENGE"* and SUNDAY DRIVE™ (as are most of U) I HE PEOPLE our adventures) are based upon t'Ml'ARSE™. Unicorn's own List/Key can be reviewed at vour leisure We II scud a parser. INII'ARSE™ is a semi-full language parser that accepts tiles onlv multiple commands of any length up to 255 characters. It also Demonstration Disk with sample for $25.00. features game save and is written in assembly language for the lilt PEOPLE PROGRAM fastest response. List/Key can store ^000 entries on vourTRS-tfO Model 3, 4 We at UNICORN believe in all of our quality software products, or 41' system, using up to 4 disk drives and anv standard and so we back all of our software with a limited warranty and parallel naturally all our software comes with complete documentation. printer.

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s See List of Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 147

Scanned by Ira Goldklang - vwvw.trs-80.com PROJECT 80

As shown in the block diagram of

the 74HC943 (see Fig. 1), the chip re- V cc GND GNOA quires an external crystal for frequen- cy synthesis and detection. It also pro- a vides a carrier detect (CD/) signal to FREQUENCY CRYSTAL indicate when a carrier is being re- SYNTHESIZER OSCILLATOR ceived from a remote modem. The modem interfaces to external circuitry using CMOS level signals. They are SINEWAVE SQT not exactly TTL-compatible signals, SYTHESI2ER TIMING ALB AND which the modem design must take in- CONTROL 0/A TXD to account.

Constructing the Modem OSI- FREQUENCY DISCRIMINATOR The schematic for the modem TXA- board is shown in Fig. 2. The power connections for the ICs are shown in EXI-

Table 1 , while Fig. 3 shows the tie-ups RECEIVE FILTER RXA2- for unused gates. Also, the completed

modem is shown in the accompanying RXAI photo. Building the modem from the

CARRIER schematic is straightforward. DETECTOR The 1488 converts the CMOS out- put level of the 74HC943 to RS-232C

voltage levels ( + 5V to -5V voltage swing in this particular case). To put CDA COT FTLC out a minus voltage, the 1488 requires

a minus voltage applied to its pin 1 . As

Figure I. 74HC943 block diagram. shown in the schematic, two cascaded ICL7660 ICs are used as + 5V to - 5V converters. The output of the second

ICL7660 goes to pin 1 of the 1488, giv- ing the required minus voltage. If you

DB-25S CONNECTOR 489A

I 1

>>>-

Figure 3. Unused gate tie-ups. MM

^-)H ioo - f oi - f i l6v i •& X -L ^-p.0 UF r-rvO l,.F

1CL?660 IC GND + 5V -5V

"OUT n * 74HC943 12 6 CNO n l l«88 TO PIN OF 1488 7 14 1 T T 1489A 7 14 ICL7660 3 8

Figure 2. 500-baud modem schematic. Table 1 IC power connections.

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Eliminate disk reboots and data loss due to oxi COCO MODULE INSTALLATION AVAILABLE dized contacts at the card edge connectors COCO Disk Module GOLD PLUG 80 solders to the board edge con

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Scanned by Ira Goldklang -www.trs-80.com —

PROJECT 80

have a -5V power supply available, guaranteed by a TTL-level driver The connector is actually two modular you may eliminate the ICL7660's and (such as the 1489A). To assure a high connectors glued together. Separate the three respective 10 microfarad ca- enough output voltage, place a 10k the two parts at the seam and cut the pacitors. pull-up resistor on the output of the internal wires. Use the red and green

Output pin 5 of the 74HC943 is the 1489A gate to the 74HC943. The wires for the transformer connection. receive data pin (RxD). This pin puts 1489A gate receives the transmitted The modem board has two switch-

out the 1 or zero bit corresponding to signal from the computer's serial port es, one to select the originate or an- the frequency being received from the on pin 2 of the DB25S and converts swer mode (as discussed above) and remote modem. The RxD signal goes it from its RS-232C voltage level to one to put the modem on the tele- to a 1488 gate you convert to the ap- the corresponding TTL level (then phone line. propriate RS-232C voltage level, and CMOS, with the pull-up resistor), giv- The 5.6k resistor connected to the you connect the resulting signal to pin ing the modem chip the proper signal TLA pin (pin 20) of the 74HC943 de- 3 of the DB-25S connector. Your com- to generate the desired output tone. termines the signal level output of the

puter can then read the incoming data The transformer is a special 600 modem. The resistor value specified is into its RS-232C port by connecting to ohm/600 ohm telephone line coupling for the maximum signal level of the the DB-25S with an appropriate cable. transformer, designed to meet FCC 74HC943 (-9dBm [decimal reference

Pin 3 on the 74HC943 is the carrier Part 68 requirements. This transform- level of 1 milliwatt over 600 ohm]). detect (CD/) signal. This signal goes er lets you connect the modem directly Most phone systems provide about active (low) when a carrier is detected to the telephone lines. As shown in the 3dB of attenuation from a phone to from the remote modem. This is set up schematic, the transformer connects the exchange, thus a maximum signal to turn on an LED (light-emitting to two of the wires of a modular level of - 12dBm would reach the ex-

diode), and is also returned to the phone connector (the middle two change. This is the maximum level computer on pin 8 of the DB-25S con- TIP and RING—green and red). permitted by most phone companies. nector (after being converted to the These lines are interchangeable in this You will also need a + 5V @50 mil- appropriate RS-232C voltage level). application. liamp power supply to run the modem Being CMOS, the 74HC943's mini- I used a Radio Shack female-female board. mum input high voltage requirement modular phone connector (see Photo

(VIH) is less than the maximum and parts list in Table 2) for my board. Operating the Modem

As I mentioned earlier, you can se- lect between answer and originate

Part Price modes by using the toggle switch going Quantity Description Distributor Number (each) to pin 13 of the 74HC943. The second

toggle is an on-line/off-line switch, 1 74HC943 300-baud modem IC (National HA MM74HC943J $43.00 Semiconductor) letting you connect the modem to the 2 ICL7660 DC positive to negative voltage RS 276-2335 3.79 phone line.

converter IC I should mention that all devices

1 LM1488 Quad RS-232C driver IC JDR LM1488 .69 connected to the phone lines are sup- 1 LM1489A Quad RS-232C receiver IC JDR LM1489 .69 posed to have FCC approval. Al- 1 3.579545 MHz crystal DK X049 1.50 though all the parts in this project 2 100 fiF/35V electrolytic capacitor RS 272-1028 .79 meet the FCC Part 68 specifications, (PC mount) the project isn't FCC-approved. 4 10piF/35V electrolytic capacitor RS 272-1025 .59 Neither I nor 80 Micro take responsi- (PC mount) bility for using the modem without 5 . 1 nF/50V disk capacitor RS 272-135 .25 approval. 1 330 ohm resistor ( 14 watt) RS 271-1315 .08 FCC

I 5.6k ohm resistor (!/i watt) DK .05 To use the modem, you'll also need 2 2.2k ohm resistor (M watt) RS 271-1325 .08 a two-to-one modular adapter (see the

2 4.7k ohm resistor (14 watt) RS 271-1330 .08 parts list in Table 2). This adapter will 2 300 ohm resistor DK .05 plug into the modular socket on the 1 10k ohm resistor (V* watt) RS 271-1335 .08 modem board, giving you two modu- 1 SPST micromini toggle switch RS 275-624 1.49 lar sockets on the board. You should 1 SPDT micromini toggle switch RS 275-625 1.59 connect a telephone to one of the 1 600 ohm/600 ohm telephone line isolation WDS 12.95 sockets and a wire going to the tele- transformer phone line jack to the other. 1 Female-female modular phone connector RS 279-358 2.95 To call another computer system, 1 Modular telephone duplex jack RS 279-357 4.95 sure the answer/originate 1 12 ft. modular-to-modular telephone RS 279-374 4.95 make mode

line cord switch is properly set (usually in the

1 DB-25S/RA right angle D-subminiarure JDR DB25SR 4.42 originate mode); then dial the other connector system's phone number with the tele- 1 Red light emitting diode (LED) RS 276-041 .35 phone (making sure the modem is in the off-line mode). When you get the

Table 2. Parts list and ordering information. answer tone from the remote modem, alter the modem switch to on-line and

150 • 80 Micro, November 1984 PROJECT 80 ME: W PRK f S hang up. The carrier-detect light should now go on, indicating receipt LOWER THAN EVER ! of the remote carrier. If the modem is properly connected to your RS-232C board (and your appropriate system software is running), you should now LNWS TEAM COMPUTER $1095 MODEMS be able to communicate with the SIGNALMAN MARK VII 300 BD 99 remote system. COMPUTERS SIGNALMAN MARK XII 1 200 BD 279 To end your communications with LNW80MOO296K/CPM J1095 NOVATION J-CAT 300 BD 1 04 the remote system, merely switch the PMC 80 1 6K TRS80 CLONE 450 SYSCOM/BELTRON64K APPLE 475 NOVATION SMART CAT 1 200 BD 41 5 back to off-line. When the modem SANYO MBC 550 160KDR 735 HAYES SMART MODEM 300 BD 205 modem is off-line, you can use the SANYOMBC5552160KDRVS 999 SANYOMBC5552320KDRVS. HAYES SMART MODEM 1 200 BD 465 phone normally. 1200 IBM 64K. 2 DRV. COLOR BO 2475 NEC PC-8201 450 TANDY 2000 2210 COMMUNICATIONS SPECIAL / would like to thank David Miner, MTERM: TERMINAL PROGRAM field applications engineer for Nation- EXPANSIONS SMART AND VOLKSMODEM 300 BD MODEM S99 al Semiconductor, for his help in pro- LNW SYSTEM EXPANSION $329 IM2 32K FOR TRS 80 MODI viding necessary technical assistance in HOMES 129 MDX-6 MOD 3 & 4 UPGRADE 230 the development of this project. HOLMES VID 80+CPM 2 2 350 DISK DRIVES DOUBLE DENSITY ADAPTER 99 TANDON 100-1 40 TRK S/S $189 LN DOUBLER 5/8 & DOS+ 3.5 199 TANDON 100-1 BARE 149 HOLMES DOUBLER 5/8 125 Addresses TANDON 100-2 40 TRK D/S 255 TANDON 100-2 BARE 210 PRINTERS TANDON 100-4 80 TRK D/S 350 Hamilton/Avnet Electronics (HA), GORILLA BANANNA $149 TANDON 100-4 BARE 299 32487 Schoolcraft Road, Livonia, MI PROWRITER PAR 339 PHOWRITER SER 499 TEAC FD55A 40TRK S'S 200 48150, 313-522^700. Hamilton/Avnet PROWRITER 15" PAR 570 TEAC FD55A BARE 165 Electronics orders are COD. Michigan PROWRITER 15" SER 670 TEAC FD55B 40 TRK D'S 235 F-10 40 CPS PAR/SER 999 TEAC FD55B BARE 160 residents must add 4 percent tax be- FD55F TRK F-10 55 CPS PAR/SER 1299 TEAC 80 D'S 260 fore ordering. Contact Hamilton/ F-10 TRACTOR FEED 195 TEAC FD55F BARE 210 Avnet oefore ordering for current EPSON RX 80 299 SPECIAL price and availability. EPSON RX 80 FT 399 TEAC 54A SAME SPECS AS FD55A $150 EPSON FX 80 460 CHINON40TRS/S S129 EPSON FX 100 875 MATSHUSHITA40TRD/S 160 Radio Shack (RS), National Parts Di- TRS 80 SOFTWARE vision, 900 E. Northside Drive, Fort OKIDATA 82A 289 LAZYWRITER MOD ' $149 OKI DATA 83A 500 WEBSTER MOD I & 3 119 Worth, 817-870-5662 ELECTRIC TX 76102, OKIDATA 84 P 795 DOS+ 3.5 MOD I & 3 99 OKIDATA 92P 399 MULTIDOS 1.6 79 OKIDATA 93P 675 SUPER UTILITY 3.0 65 JDR Microdevices, 1224 S. Bascom OMNITERM 1.6 78 STAR GEMINI 10X 269 Ave., San Jose, CA 95128, 800-538- OMNITERM 1 6 MOD IV 78 STAR GEMINI 15X 415 NEWSCRIPT 7 6 114 408-995-5430 outside CA; 800- 5000 (or STAR DELTA 10 465 TALLYMASTER 69 662-6279 within CA) STAR DELTA 15 550

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Write to Roger C. A (ford at Washte- naw Digital Systems, P.O. Box 2014, Ann Arbor, MI 48106. Please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope X/FQD ACOMPUTER OUTLET *-\ for a reply. V L.WI «T^ .ftV'Panon Del/on 48? ' 9

80 Micro, November 1984 • 151 BBS EXPRESS / by J. Stewart Schneider and Charles E. Bowen

A Closer Look at Messages And Data-Base Files

Your message board is looking good; it can now accommodate a range of special-interest topics and handle specific requests. Last month's BBS Express gave you the code to read and write headers. This month we'll discuss messages and data-base files in detail.

First, we'll clear up a few problems concerning storage. Your BBS stores headers of fixed length in a random-

access file. Because messages are also of fixed length (20 lines of 64 charac- ters), you can store them in the same manner. Data-base files, on the other hand,

aren't of fixed length; their size is lim- ited only by disk space. Therefore, you can't store them in random-access

files. Instead of writing two routines,

one for data-base files and another for messages, we've decided to simplify gram prints the string without the car- reaching the 64-character limit. It's matters (and save disk space) by stor- riage return. necessary to differentiate between a ing them in individual sequential The following example removes the carriage return that signals the end of

ASCII files. message from the disk and puts it onto a line and one that signals the end of a the screen: paragraph. Carriage Returns The BBS Express does this by con-

Sequential disk files slightly sidering the indentation. For example, become 10 OPEN'T\1,"TEST/DAT:0" more complicated where carriage re- 20 INPUT#1,A$,:PRINTA5 the program checks to see if the next turns are concerned. The PRINTS 30 CLOSE line of text is indented. If it is, the pro- (file number) command writes data in- gram writes the carriage return in the

to a sequential file, while the INPUTS previous line to disk as CHR$(141). If This listing prints only "Hi there," or LINE INPUTS commands retrieve the line isn't indented, the program because INPUT#1 stops inputting at data. PRINT* works with the disk the changes the carriage return to a space. the comma, which is a string termina- way the Print command works with The resulting string is written to disk tor. If you change line 20 to LINE IN- the screen. That is, if there's a semi- with a PRINTS command, followed by PUTS, A$, the program prints the en- colon, the BBS program doesn't print a semicolon, and read in with a LINE tire string. This is important because a carriage return. If, on the other INPUTS command. You can see this the BBS messages are divided into hand, a semicolon doesn't follow, the at work in line 3420 of Program paragraphs, each with a carriage re- program adds a carriage return. Listing 1. turn at the end. Look, for instance, at the string in So that Basic won't interpret an un- Writing a Message to Disk the following example: wanted carriage return, we chose a Listing 1 is what remains of the substitute, CHR$(141), because it 10 OPEN"O".l."TEST/DAT:0" writing routine started last month. can't be sent from a remote system. 20 LET AS "Hi there, sports fans" The program sends messages sent to 30 PRINTS, AS The Key Box 40 CLOSE disk with PRINT#, changing all the 50 END carriage returns to CHR$(141)s. Model m One other problem surfaces when 48KRAM This prints "Hi there, sports fans you use carriage returns as line termi- Two Disk Drives (CR)" on disk. If you insert a semi- nators. This exists when a caller enters Disk Basic colon at the end of line 30, the pro- a carriage return for another line after

152 • 80 Micro, November 1984 ;

DISnDATo

The Disassembler That Even "Tracks Down DATA!!! BASIC Outputs: instead ol the meaningless "equivalent" H37F7 DEFM Cass^ AB2S LO BE FOR MODELS I AND III DEFB 03H ID H.C LD (HL).E LD (HLi.E CCF

JR NZ.S-5 . etc • AUTOMATICALLY identities Such data areas JUST GOT » Outputs 'uiiy-'abeied Radio Shack or APPARAT EDTASM -lormai code to

display printer, cassette or diSK (Printer output fully paginated I

» Relocates itselt to any desired RAM area, up or down by as little as one byte or as many as required

• Loads programs from cassette or disk and displays entry points

III • Runs on TRS^80 Model I (Level II). Model III. or Model 4 (in Model mode). BETTER 16K or more, cassette or disk

• I LINKING 1354-12 iModel III cassette Version 2i INTRODUCING BASRUM. THE ONLY '354-22 Mode: Ml 4 diskette TRSDOS' format Version 2) LOADER &. LIBRARY MANAGER FOR BASIC. > BASRUM is designed to manage the subroutines you write and use in your Basic programs. Like an efficient tiling system,

BASRUM saves you time, energy, and space. Best of all, it makes

1 " program writing FASTER and EASIER, • Copies virtually all formats uf cassette dies your » AUTOMATICALLY senses input cassette density" 1 (Model III) HOW DOES IT WORK? » Allows Mod III usei selection ot oulpul density, each file BASRUM lets you store your subroutines in "library" files, • 1366-10 (Model I- III cassette) $19 95 separate from the programs that use them. ANY Basic program Professional Software for both Novice and Expert can then use any routine in any file. You can even load up to 256 Too'tte' i^one.5!3 435 -4430 > and MattofCard accaptetf routines to a special, protected memory area and use them M-r?i" • 5 p m EST .,. x- aate ,00 seio CMC* >' ^o^ey orde< ' a ----!)*' AFTER you load other Basic programs! Naturally, you can Pro/Am Software replace or delete any routine from memory at any time. 220 Cardigan Road CenletviHe. Ohio 4S459 SUPER BENEFITS! Software ^260 NOW you can write a subroutine ONCE, store it on disk ONCE

. . . but use it in ANY program at ANY time, AUTOMATICALLY! Load them once, use them all day. You can CHAIN from S/ectronio JMcul program to program, keeping the existing subroutines, variables, and file buffers. Your Basic programs, being shorter, will LOAD o/v a/ Jmcro-/ FASTER. NEED MORE MEMORY? You can break long programs into shorter modules and "overlay" the modules.

gives control ot is loaded, - And a Public, Private or Pay BBS aa veil! Our BASRUM you complete WHAT system offers eo many featuree that it ia impossible WHEN it is loaded, and WHERE it is loaded. to «*antion Host of them in an ad thia small. PROMINENT FEATURES INCLUDE! THE NITTY GRITTY. BASRUM was designed specifically for the models I and III - Hulti levels of access to a user. - High security of system and your files. for use with any DOS that is compatible with TRSDOS®. It's - Unattended message transfer to compatible system. - Fully aaintainable from a remote location. overlay structure requires onlv the top 1600 bytes of memory. include or exclude most _ User configurable to of copies. features, allowing you to personalise your aystem. There is NO LIMIT on the number working - Number of users k messages configurable from 1 to 900, al loving those with large storage to use it. SIMPLE ENOUGH FOR THE BEGINNER, VERSATILE ENOUGH FOR - Configurable to handle many different terminala. IN BASIC YOUNEED BASRUM. - Supports HAYES type of modem. THEPRO: IF YOUWRITEPROGRAMS

Available for TRS«-80 3-4 (Nevdos 80 Ver 2 required) TO Money order, check, VISA, MASTERCARD: $149.50 I. B. M. PC, Columbia, or Corona with rom 1.53 -(Dos 2.0 or better required). ORDER: Specify memory size: 16K 32K 48K I.B.H. and compatible 9249.95 Select disk format: TRS-80 199.95 Model I: 35 track, single density Kail label module 39.95 79.95 Terminal for I.B.H. Model III: 40 track, double density quoted are payable in Canadian Funds. NOTE 1 prices or your back. Orders Save rnvmn more - mention vhere you aav thia ad vhen Guaranteed to perform as described money an order, and ve'll deduct $10.00 from your you place are shipped via air, most within 24 hours. A complete manual is bill. included. Information only? Send self-addressed, TRY OUR BBS BY CALLING OUR DATA LIME - 604 946-0955 stamped envelope. For further information, contact by Wiley, Inc. S 37

841 Bishop St., Ste. B-2 Honolulu, HI 96813 &O-M0& (808)531-4314 J4433, TRSDOS is a registered trademark of the Tandy Corp. BASRUM is a trademark of Wiley. Inc.

eo4-J?46°-Z9'0 ^32

80 Micro, November 1984 • 153 * See List ol Advertisers on Page 1 76 ) " ;; ) :

BBS EXPRESS

After the caller addresses the message Program Listing 1. BBS module for writing data-base files and messages to disk. and lists its subject, lines 3350-3380

3350 PRINT'Correct (y/n) ?" ; :GOSUB130: PRINTCHR$( 17) ask the caller if the header is accurate. 3360 IFASC(I$)=78 THEN 3290 If so, the program prompts the caller 3370 IFASC(IS)<>89 THEN 3350 in allotted 3380 CLS:PRINTCHR$(12) ;"Please enter your message now. " : PRINT'Up t to enter the message the o 20 lines, 64 characters line. " :PRINT"Enter a blank line to s per space: 20 lines of 64 characters. The ignal the end of message" :S»1 3390 TL=0:NC=-1:POKE M9,64:* set max line length first line is indicated by 1:. 3400 FOR LN=STO20 Lines 3400-3440 transfer the mes- " 3410 PRINTCHR$(17) :PRINTLN;": ; : GOSUB130 : IF CT>64 THEN PRINTCHR$( 17);"No more than 64 characters per line, please":GOTO 3410 sage from a GOSUB 130 (the telecom- 3415 IF ASC(I$)=141 THEN 3450 municating Input statement) and 3420 IF LN>1 THENCR=INSTR(MGS(LN-1) ,CHRS(141)) :IF ASC(I$)<>32 AND LSETs 1$ (the characters received) in- CR>0 THEN MID$(MGS(LN-1) ,CR, 1) =CHR$ ( 32) 3430 LSET MG$(LN)»I$:MG(LN)=CT to MG$(LN), a temporary storage ar- 3440 NEXT LN " ray. The program has previously di- 3450 PRINTCHR$(17) : LN=LN-1 : PRINT: PRINT'Leave Options: " 3460 NC=0:TL=-l:PRINT"Subcommand (? for HELP): ; :GOSUB130 : PRINTCH mensioned each of the elements here RS(17):IF CT=0 THEN 3460 to 80 characters so you don't lose any 3470 C$=LEFT$(I$,CT) 3480 ONINSTR("SLRADCSP",C$) GOTO3520, 3650, 3660, 3620, 3660,3510, additional string space. 35015 Line 3420 checks for carriage re- 3490 PRINT"? - Prints this list" : PRINT'S - Stores message" : PRINT'S turns (CHR$(141)), removing them if P - Store Private Message" :PRINT"A - Abort message" : PRINT'R - Repl - ace Line":PRINT"L - List Message" :PRINT"D - Delete line" :PRINT"C the line isn't indented. Lines 3450- Continue entering text" :GOTO3460 3500 S7$=CHR$(32) :GOTO3520 3700 deal with leave options. The 3510 S=LN+1:IF S>20 THEN 3460 ELSE CLS : PRINTCHRS ( 12) :G0T033 90 GOSUB 860 in line 3540 inserts the 3520 IF B THEN RETURN message the string 3530 M2=M2+1:SH-SH+1:IF SH>9999 THEN SH=1 into MSG0000 3 540 MN=SH :A$="MSG0 00 0/BBS"+DD$: GOSUB 860 /BBS, constructing the secret file that 3550 OPEN"0",3,A$ we discussed last month. MN$ is an in- 3560 FOR Z=1T0LN memory index of all the messages on 3570 IF MG(Z)>0 THEN PRINT#3 , LEFTS (MGS ( Z) ,MG ( Z) ) 3580 NEXT Z:PRINT"Message";SH;"stored. ..":CLOSE 3 the board. Because each message 3590 SN=SN+1 number is represented by a 2-byte 3600 MN$=MN$+MKI$(VAL(N$) ) 3620 PRINT"Abort (y/n) ?";: GOSUB130 : PRINTCHRS ( 17) string in MN$, it's easy to locate a 3630 IF ASC(I$)=78 OR (ASC(I$)<>89) THEN 3460 " message. We'll learn to manipulate 3650 FOR Z=1T0LN:PRINTZ;": ; LEFT$ (MG$ ( Z) ,MG ( Z) ) : NEXT Z:GOTO3460

3660 PRINT"Enter line #" :GOSUB130 : IFCT=0THEN3460 MN$ in a later column.

3670 Z=VAL(I$) : PRINTCHRS (17) : IF Z<1 OR Z>LN THEN 3460 3680 CLS:PRINTCHR$(12) .-"Line currently reads: " :PRINT:PRINT LEFTS( MGS(Z) ,MG(Z) Reading and Printing

3690 IF C$-"R" THENTL=0:PRINT"New line: ";: GOSUB130 : PRINTCHRS ( 17 ) Program Listing 2 lets callers read TL=-1:IF CT=0 THEN 3460 ELSE LSET MGS ( Z) =1$ : MG ( Z) =CT: GOTO3460 3700 MG(Z) -0:GOTO3460 messages on the board. We erroneous- ly omitted lines 350-420 from last month's listings. These lines decode the information bit-mapped into S2S. They also contain the file name and Program Listing 2. BBS module for reading and printing data-base files and messages. other fields of Messages/BBS, and de-

cide if the caller is allowed to read the 350 ES=INKEY$:N=VAL(RIGHTS(F2$,4) ) :T$=Tl $: TT$=F1$:S8S=S1 S: S9S=CHR$ (ASC(S2$) AND 15) :S7S=CHRS(ASC(S2S) AND 240 ): S6S=MID$ ( "01234567 89A message. BCDE",ASC(S9$) ,1) 4720-4830 360 RD=-1:IF FN P(RN,MN$)<0 THEN RD=0 Lines put the header in- 380 IFINSTR(SE$,S6S)=0THENRD=0 formation on the screen, while lines

390 IF ((ASC(S7$) AND 32)=32) AND (LEFTS (T$ ,LEN(NA$) ) ONAS) AND (L 5030-5110 send this information to EFTS(TTS,LEN(NA$) ) <>NA$) AND NOTSY THEN RD-0 400 IF (SF$="T" AND INSTR (TS ,SSS) *0) OR (SF$="F" AND INSTR (TT$ ,SS$ the line printer. If the scan flag (SF) in )=0) OR (SF$="S" AND INSTR(S8$,SS$)=0) THEN RD-0 line 4840 is set to SF = - 1 , it prints 410 IF (DS="M") AND (ASC(S7S) AND 16) =16 THEN RD=0 415 IF E$=CHR$(3)THEN RN=E only the headers, not the text. This 420 RETURN gives you the option of reading or 4720 GOSUB1230:IF PR THEN 5030 with 4730 PRINT"Message #";N;" SEC. ";S6$;" ";S$(ASC(S9$) scanning the messages a single 474? L=INSTR(T1$," "):IF L = THEN L=LEN(T1$) routine. PRINT'To: ; 4750 "; LEFTS (T1S ,L) Lines 4850-5020 are responsible for 4760 IF (ASC(S7$) AND 16) =16 THEN PRINT"(X)"; 4770 IF (ASC(S7$) AND 32) =32 THEN PRINT" (P)"; the text of both the messages and data- 4780 PRINT base files. Line 4850 opens the secret 4790 L=INSTR(F1S," "):IF L=0 THEN L=LEN(F1$) file on the data drive, while line 4870 4800 PRINT'From: " ; LEFTS (F1S,L) 4810 L=INSTR(S1$," "):IF L-0 THEN L=LEN(S1$) POKEs address RE with the video 4820 PRINT'Subject: " ;LEFT$(S1S,L) width, starting the reading process. 4830 PRINT"Date/Time: " ;T2S:PRINTLEFT$(SS,SV) 4 840 IF SF THEN RETURN The program tests for end-of-file in 4850 OPEN"I",3,F2$+"/BBS"+DD$ line 4880. Line 4890 checks for a 4860 GOSUB1230:IF PR THEN 5130 4870 POKE RE,SV control-P (CHR$(16)), indicating that IF 4880 EOF(3) THEN 5020 the caller has ceased reading. Line 4890 IF INKEY$-CHR$(16) THEN 5020 5020 then brings you to Close and / isimii .' continued Return.

154 • 80 Micro, November 1984 ) ; ; ) )

BBS EXPRESS

The exception to the video formatting routine is the .IMG extension. You don't want Basic programs with carriage returns in the middle of them, because the caller's Basic won't load them. The .IMG extension signals the program to forget about video formatting.

Line 4895 checks the UART status character in A$, while it checks for for loss-of-carrier if you're not operat- control-P, XOFF (CHR$(19)), XON ing from the console. If the caller (CHR$(17)), and a loss of carrier. hasn't hung up without first logging Next month we'll be searching the off, line 4900 invokes a LINE INPUT message board, so watch for the BBS command that puts a string from Express as it picks up steam. disk into A$. Line 4910 changes the CHR$(141)s to carriage returns for The BBS Express, 80 Micro '5 bulle- BUY printing. Line 4920 formats the string tin board system, is open 24 hours a to the caller's screen width. day. Call us at 603-924-6985 to see the The exception to the video format- finished product. UART parameters ting routine is the .IMG extension. For are 300 baud, seven bit words, one Single Sided example, you don't want Basic pro- stop bit, and even parity. Double Density grams (XA files) with carriage returns in the middle of them, because the

1 caller's Basic won't be able to load You can reach J. Stewart Schneider Soft sector 5 A» " flexible diskettes them; therefore, the .IMG extension and Charles E. Bowen either through on a file signals the program to forget their bulletin board at 606-739-6088 or about video formatting. c/o Saturday Software, P.O. Box 404, Finally, the program prints each Catlettsburg,KY41J29. Double Sided Double Densty

listing 2 continued "Complete with hub reinforcing rings, Tyvek sleeves, color coded user 4895 IF ( (INP(&HE8)AND32)=32) AND NOTWZ THEN 2630 labels, and write protect tabs. 4900 LINEINPUT#3,A$

4910 CR=INSTR(A$,CHRS(141)) :IFCR>0 THEN MID$ ( A$ ,CR , 1) =CHR$ ( 13) :GOT 04910 Quality you expect 4920 IF INSTR(CM$,".IMG")=0 THEN Z=USR2 (VARPTR( A$) 4930 FOR C=l TO LEN(A$) at a price you don't. 4940 PRINT MID$(A$,C,1) Proven quality at a great price. BECK offers 4950 IF INKEY$=CHR$(16) THEN 5020 you a full satisfaction money- back guaran- 4960 IF INKEYSOCHRS(19) THEN 5010 tee - you can't lose! If you like the quality of 4970 IF INKEYS=CHR$(17) THEN 5010 3M, Dysan. Verbatim, et al, you'll like BECK 4980 IF WZ THEN 4970 4990 IF (INPUH0E8) AND 32) =0 THEN 4970 • Satisfaction. Money- Back Guarantee 5000 GOTO2630 • 100% Certified. 100% Error-Free 5010 NEXT:GOTO4880 • Full 7-Year Warranty 5020 PRINT CHR$( 17) :CL0SE3: PRINT: RETURN • Tested and Retested 21 Times to 42 Rigid 5030 LPRINT-Message #";N;" Sec. ";S6$;" ";SS(VAL(S6$) +1) Specifications 5040 LPRINT'To: ";T1$; • Meets or Exceeds ANSI Standards 5050 IF (ASC(S7$) AND 16) =16 THEN LPRINT" (X) " For IBM. Apple. TRS, and of popular 5060 IF (ASC(S7S) AND 32) =32 THEN LPRINT" (P)"; 97% 5070 LPRINT" " computers. 5080 LPRINT'From: ";F1$ Order Toll Free 1-800-232-5634. 5090 LPRINT"Subject: ";S1$ Available m 25- Pack only plus freight 5100 LPRINT"Date/Time: ";T2$:LPRINT LEFT$(S$,SV) Bulk product inquiries welcome 5110 IF SF THEN RETURN 5120 OPEN"I",3,F2S+"/BBS"+DD$ COD'S CASH ONLY 5130 POKE VW,80:POKE RE, 80 Corp Accts Welcome 5140 IF E0F(3) THEN POKE VW,SV: GOTO 5020 5150 LINEINPUT#3,AS

5160 CR»INSTR(A$,CHR$(141) ) :IF CR>0 THEN MID$ (A$ ,CR, 1) =CHR$ ( 13) :GO TO 5160 Order Now Toll Free 5170 Z-USR2(VARPTR(A$) 5180 LPRINT A$;:GOTO 5140 Door to Door in 48 hrs.

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80 Micro. November 1984 • 155 See List of Advertisers on Page 176

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Error Messages: Learning from Your Mistakes

You're keying in a 2,000-line pro- gram that the author says can mow your lawn. You type in a line, 4000 S-L, then type in RUN 4000 and press the enter key to check the line. Deep in ROM an alarm goes off, in- terrupting a game of poker between OM and SN, two clerks in the Error Codes Bureau.

"What is it with the human," gripes SN. "Is he typing with his elbows?" SN takes the elevator up to the com- puter screen and flashes the message ?SN ERROR IN 4000. Before return- ing to the game, SN records the code number of the error and the number

of the line where it happened, in case

the human is interested.

Outside the computer, you scowl at the error message, then fix the line be-

fore continuing. You meant to type Line 100 tells the computer to loop Type in BARNACLE and hit the 4000S = L. 10 times through line 120. Each time, enter key. Any word that has no You made a mistake, and the com- variable A grows by one. Now delete meaning in Basic results in a syntax puter's error message helped you cor- line 100 and run the program. This error, including a misspelled Basic

rect it. It told you the type of mistake time the message ?NF IN 120 appears. word. you made and its location in the pro- Here's a more complex example: Type A$(l) = "BASIC": PRINT gram. All you had to do was study the LEN(A$(1) and hit the enter key. You

miscreated line for a moment and 100 FOR X = 1 TO 10 expect the computer to return the

110 FOR Y = l 3 fix it. TO number of characters in the string 120 PRINT X;Y The definitions of your computer's A$(l). Because a parenthesis is miss- 130 NEXT X;Y error codes appear in your owner's ing, however, you'll get a syntax error. 140 END All manual. This month I'll examine some commands and statements must have matched sets of parentheses. common Basic error codes. The program generates an NF error This error becomes tougher to rec- after it prints the number 10. The Y ognize in complex strings such as NF and SN Errors For... Next loop must be "nested" A$ = CHR$(INT(SQR( 1000)) + ASC within the X For. . .Next loop for the An NF error means your program ("M")-3). To prevent these errors I program to execute properly. The X has a Next statement without a corre- count the opening parentheses from and Y variables are in the wrong order sponding For statement. Type NEXT left to right, then count the closing in line 130. and press the enter key. The computer parentheses from right to left. If you include a For statement with- displays the message ?NF ERROR. The line INPUT "ENTER A out a Next statement in your program, For... Next is a two-statement NUMBER",A contains a punctua- the program runs its course as though command that creates a program tion error. A semicolon should sepa- the For statement weren't there. loop. The statements may be two lines rate the input prompt from variable A syntax (SN) error commonly oc- apart or hundreds of lines apart. curs when you're Here's an example: typing in a program listing. In Basic, correct syntax is the The Key Box form in which statements must appear 100 for a = 1 TO 10 110 PRINT A to be meaningful to the computer. The Models I, in, 4, and 100 120 NEXT A computer recognizes incorrect Basic Basic 130 END syntax and returns an SN error.

158 • SO Micro, November 1984 BASIC TAKES

A, not a comma. The line FOR$ = 100 REM • OV ERROR 110 500 "CHECKING" results in a syntax er- CLEAR 120A$ = "Hr ror because it uses the Basic reserved An OM error means |30A = VAL(A$) word For as a string variable. out of memory. 140 PRINT LEN(AS)- 1":"A Other examples of this type of error 150 AS = AS +"0" include (contains the reserved This happens when TOMES 160 GOTO 130 word TO), AUTOMOBILES (con- you type in a program 170 END tains AUTO and TO), and WITH- OUT (contains OUT). that's too long This program generates an OV er- No string or number variable can for your system ror. The figure to the screen left is the include Basic reserved words. A list number of zeros in the number when of reserved words appears in your to store in RAM. the error occurs. To find the negative manual. limits, change line 120 to AS = " - 10" and run the program. RG, OD, and FC Errors error means error occurs when the program tells An OM out of memo- RG stands for Return without GO- the computer to do something outside ry. This happens when you type in a SUB. Type in and run the following program that's too long for your sys- the its capability. listing: range of Look at the tem to store in following statements: RAM. Your computer = 100 FOR X 1 TO 3 requires a certain amount of memory

1 10 1000 GOSUB 100A = SQR(-1) overhead to run programs, so the last 120 NEXT X 120B = LOG(0) bit of memory runs out when you run 1000 PRINT X 130 PRINT AS<-1) a program. 1010 RETURN In such a case, the OM error occurs It is impossible to square a negative This program loops three times on the line where memory runs out. or get a Log of zero, so an FC error through lines 100-120. From line 1 10, The computer displays the amount of occurs in lines 100 and 1 10. An FC er- control goes to line 1000, where the free memory when you type PRINT ror results in line 130 because you program prints the value of X. Line FRE(0) and hit the enter key. can't have a negative array. 1010 then returns the program to the Short programs can produce Values change during the run of a OM loop in lines 110-120. errors. For example, 100 program through random number CLEAR The program runs correctly in the 100000 tells the computer to clear generators and user input. For this loop, but falls through to line 1010 100,000 bytes to store strings. Since reason a program line can work dur- without reading a GOSUB. It prints your system has under 100K of RAM ing one run and result in an FC error the value of X again, then finds a available, an OM error results. in the next. Return without a previous GOSUB. In 1000000) the Try running the following listing: DIM A( computer One solution is to add a line 130 with attempts to dimension an array that an End statement. 100 REM • FC ERROR holds one million pieces of data. An RG error also occurs if you type 110CLS Again, the computer lacks enough in GOTO when you meant to type in a 120X = 38 memory and returns an OM error. GOSUB. 130 PRINT @X:'Z"; In rare cases, complex nested An ?OD ERROR on your screen is 140X = X-1 branches involving GOTO, GOSUB, an out-of-data error. The computer 150 GOTO 130 and For. . .Next loops can yield OM assigns values stored in data state- When you run this program, a errors. If an OM error message flashes ments in the program or on tape or Z races from right to left on the screen for no apparent reason, one of these disk. It signals an OD error if the pro- and an FC error occurs in line 130. situations might be the problem. gram tells it to look for data that The program tells the computer to A UL error is an undefined line. doesn't exist. print at a nonexistent screen position. Type in NEW, hit the enter key, then Type in the following program: The Models I, III, and 4 can't print type in GOTO 1000. The computer 100 REM • DATA LIST at screen positions higher than 1023. displays a UL error message because 110CLS The Model 100 can print up to posi- no line 1000 exists. The same can hap- 120 DATA 1,2,3,4,5 tion 319. This program quickly goes pen when a program runs. The GOTO 130 DIM A(6) below the first position. and GOSUB commands must have 140 FOR X = 1 TO 6 objective lines. 150 READ B(X) BS is a bad subscript range. This 160 NEXT X OV, OM, UL, and BS Errors 170 happens when you attempt to assign a END The OV, or overflow, error occurs value to an array variable that's be- An OD error occurs in line 150 when a number is too big or too small yond the range you set. Here's an ex- when the program tries to read in a for the computer to handle. Running ample: sixth value. Only five items appear in the statement PRINT 100A100 results the data statement in line 120, yet the in an OV error. To see how big or how 100 REM • BS ERROR program dimensions a six-value array small a number your computer can 110DLMA(3) and starts a loop to read in six values. handle, type in and run the following 120A(4) = 6 FC is an illegal function call. This program: 130 END

80 Micro, November 1984 • 159 BASIC TAKES

listing an error: DD, /O, ID, and TM Errors where this creates LS A DD error, or redimensioned ar- You probably know 100 REM * LS ERROR ray, results when you try to redi- 110CLS 9 mension an array in a program. For that you can t divide 120 CLEAR 1000 example: 130 FOR X 1 TO 1000 by zero, but a 140A$ = A$ + "X" "- 100 REM * DD ERROR 150 PRINT X "A$ variable may reach 110DIMA(3) 160 NEXT 120 DIM A(4) a zero value 170 END 130 END through random This error can also occur if you add Line 120 produces the error. DD (concatenate) two or more strings This happens whether the state- DIM number generators. whose total length exceeds 255 char- ments are two lines or 200 lines apart. acters. To avoid this problem, it's good prac- An ST error results when a string tice to put all DIM statements at the formula is too complex. This is beginning of your programs. meric variable to string characters, as uncommon, however. If you get an ST /0 is a division by zero error. You in A = "Sam". error, it will likely point you to a line probably know that you can't divide The statement A = "Sam" is cor- containing an excessively long string rect, however, if the program contains by zero, but a variable may reach a manipulation. zero value through random number a DEFSTR A statement in a previous Although the string may be syntac- generators or user input. line (this defines A as a string). This tically correct, the manipulation is too ID stands for illegal direct. technique lets you write A instead of Type long for the computer to handle. INPUT = "FRED" and press the en- A$, but can lead to confusing errors. When this happens, break up the work ter key. An ID error occurs because If the program defines A as a string, into several lines. the input form is wrong. any variable starting with A is a string. A CN error means the program TM is a type mismatch error. You can't continue. Type in NEW, press can't assign a string to a numerical val- OS, LS, ST, CN, the enter key, then type in CONT (for ue (A$ = 5), nor can you assign a nu- And MO Errors continue). A CN error results because An OS, or out-of-string error, re- you don't have a program running. sults when the computer runs out of This error also happens when you string storage space. Turn off your break into a running program, edit a it and computer, then turn on type in line, and attempt to continue. The so- dis- -INTERNATIONAL PRINT FRE(""). The computer lution is usually to run the program •SOFTWARE plays the maximum number of char- again. acters that it can store. MO stands for missing operand. To increase string storage capacity, This error occurs when you have left include a Gear statement for the in it •«.- GENERAL PACKAGE I 12S programs basic something out of a mathematical includes application programs lor business amount of string space you need. Typ- educational financial, home and more statement. The following statements Cassette $85 50 Disk $95 00 ing CLEAR 500 gives you 500 bytes of all produce MO errors: •PH.- GENERAL PACKAGE II. 125 programs in basic string space, enough for roughly 500 Different from those found in GPI This is a great complement of GPI. characters. 100FORX=1TO Cassette $85 50 Disk $95 00 = PI.- BUSINESS PACKAGE I 103 General Business Gearing string space uses memory, nox Programs in basic Its a great package to help you 120 PRINT 2* make the business and financial decisions you need but you must clear enough bytes to This package is a compilation of the GPI and GPII 130 store all string values used in your pro- PRINT 4/ Programs For the people interested in General Business Programs only gram. Here is an example program: These are some of the more com- Cassette $70 65 Disk $78 50

HP1.- HOME PACKAGE I 79 programs in basic There is will 100 * mon error messages that you en- something to be used by every member of the house REM OS ERROR Cassette $52.20 Disk $58 00 110 CLEAR 500 counter when programming in Basic.

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COIN COLLECTION I: track all your coin CM.- Keep of 255 times in line 140, then loop back themselves create beneficient errors), collection by country, date. mint, value, etc For TRS- 80 I*. III*. IV* and print the line 10 more times. Since and using programming techniques Disk $24.95 the program clears 500 bytes and re- that eliminate anticipated errors. * III MOD I iFormated VER 2.7DD. 2.8DD). MOD (Formated VER 13). MOD IV (Formated VER 6 0) quires 25,500 bytes of string space, an Coming next month: pixel graphics. I OS error results. ALL PRICES INCLUDE POSTAGE AND HAN0LIN6 An LS (long string) error occurs Contact Richard Ramella at 1493 Swti Ch»* w Mow* Qr*J«t Tit f«* Nwi IMrnittwi Iflltroitltnil Soft-wire 7000 Corp Call 13061 672 7238 when a string variable is longer than Mountain View Ave., Chico, CA Pirate Computer 10687 N.W 81h Lani Specify 255 characters. See if you can find 95926. MM, Fl 33172 ^222 Model Dlik/Citufle

160 • 80 Micro, November 1984 LETTER-WRITER '383 'WORKS*1 for YOU N€UU Geneology

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/ntroduction to TRS-80 Data Files is a You'll learn about sequential and book-and-disk combination that random access files— how they INTtW teaches you to write a TRS-80 data work, advantages and disadvantages, base management program. Your pro- and how to use them. You'll see a gram will help you organize any data mailing list program built in sections, TRSSO you need to keep— whether it's income first using sequential files, then ran- DATA FILES tax records or a mailing list for a small dom access, so you can examine all the business. You learn by doing it your- parts. A section on modifications self and have your own customized allows you to use the book with the

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* See List of Advertisers on Page 1 76 80 Micro, November 1984 • 161 PASCALCULATIONS / by Bruce Powel Douglass

Pascal's Input And Output Files

So far, the programs I've covered have read data from the keyboard

only and written it to the computer screen only. Pascal wouldn't be a very

useful language if that were all it could do. In fact, Pascal's (especially Alcor Pascal's) input/output (I/O) capabili- ties are much more versatile than Basic's.

The Ins and Outs of Pascal A Pascal program normally reads its input from a standard file named Input and writes to a standard file named Output. When you run a com- piled program, you must answer the prompts:

INPUT = OUTPUT =

with the names of the files you want

used as the standard files. If you press

the enter key without typing in a file if the program has read the last byte of Name That Hie the file, false if not. The While loop name, the program uses the default You'll often need files other than executes until the program reads all values, the keyboard and screen. the standard input and output files. the strings in the input file and writes You could, instead, type in the Then you use a file identifier in your them to the output file. name of a file stored on disk for the in- program to refer to the file; the identi- In programs that don't use the stan- put file and a legal file name for the fier shouldn't have the same name as dard I/O procedures (read, READ- output file. For example, if you type in the name of the file on disk. You must LN, write, and WRITELN), you SOURCE.TXT for the input file and declare the file identifier as you would might not want the for input OUTPUT.TXT for the output file, prompt any other variable. For example: then every time the program executes a and output file names. To leave the Read or READLN statement, the data standard files undeclared, begin your \ar outFile: file of char; comes from the file named Source program with the compiler option outFile2: file of integer; .TXT; likewise, any output from j$NO INOUT} or (*$NO INOUT*). You can't use the standard I/O state- Write or WRITELN statements goes Pascal has a special file type called ments with this compiler option unless to the file named Output.TXT. text. The standard input and output the program itself opens files I'll Program Listing 1 shows how this — files are text files. When declaring a discuss how to do that later in this works. The program reads strings text file, you don't have to type in column. from the input file and writes them to FILE OF TEXT, because the type You can use the message procedure the output file. Compile the program is predefined. To declare a text file to send output to the and run it; for input, type in the name screen regardless called inFile, for example, you simply of the standard output file, as in this of an ASCII text file on disk (with type in: character data only, no special codes). sample program: var For output, type in another valid ($NO INOUT) inFile: text; TRSDOS file name. program test; The program copies the input file to begin Although a file identifier refers to

the output file. EOF is a Pascal func- messageOThis goes to the screen.'); only one disk file at a time, over the

tion that returns a Boolean value; true end. course of a program's execution it

162 • 80 Micro, November 1984 Every Z80 assembly-language programmer needs this book.

Programming in assembly language requires good those that do not require only minor modification.

tools. TRS-80IZ80 Assembly Language Library, a com- One of the book's four sections is dedicated to routines

plete reference book on TRS-80 Model I assembly and programs that run on any Z80-based system. No language, is the best tool you can find. In over matter what Z80 computer you program, this book has 300 pages, 45 figures, and 75 program listings, author something for you.

Craig A. Lindley explains the details of Model I hard- It's a book that's designed to be used. The text is set ware and software and shows you how to write pro- in large type, and the book is bound in an 8Vi- x 11-inch grams that squeeze every bit of performance out of easel-backed binder that stands up next to your com- your computer. This book will teach you: puter. So there's no squinting at tiny type and fighting • how to use ROM and DOS routines in your own to keep the book open. programs The whole package— book, disks, and binder— is • how to perform disk input/output yours by mail for the unbelievable price of only

• how to access the video display and keyboard $34.97. And if you charge it, you can even call toll-free • how to write easy-to-use programs to order.

• how to perform arithmetic operations TRS-80IZ80 Assembly Language Library. It's the • how to use the undocumented Z80 instructions assembly-language book for the '80s. You'll also learn about disk operating systems, device 'Disks do not contain a disk operating system: two disk drives or a

handling, base conversion, parameter passing, and disk copy utility are required to transfer the files. more. Call TOLL-FREE 1-800-258-5473 for credit card orders or send S34.97 TBS-80IZ80 Assembly Language Library contains a plus $4.50 shipping and handling to Wayne Green Hooks. Retail Sales. library of ready-to-run utility programs that are worth Peterborough. NH 03458 Wayne Green Books are also available in book stores. Orders are payable in l.'.S. dollars only Please allow 4-h weeks for many times the book's cost. Included with the book delivery. Dealer inquiries invited. are two Model I TRSDOS-compatible disks* contain- ing utilities for printer formatting and spooling, single- I need TR&80IZ80 Assembly Language Library. key entry of strings, disk editing, base conversion, j Send me copies of THS-80/Z80 Assembly Language password encoding and decoding, and more. You get I Library $34.97 each. I enclosed $4.50 | (BK7395) @ have per more than 15 valuable utilities, and the source code system for shipping and handling. files are included, so you can examine, modify, and | learn from every program. : : MasterCard U VISA ! ) AmEx payment enclosed Many of the programs also run on the Model III, and Card* Expire* .

Inlt-rBanki. Signature TRS-S0/Z80 A.vsembl) Lungueigr I.ibrarv is a Wavne Creen publication TRS-80. TKSIX)S. Model I. Model ill an; registered trademarks of the Radio Shack Name Division of Tandy Corp. Address ZflO is a registered trademark of Ziiog J

I City _ State_ Zip

Wayne Green Books, Retail Sales, Peterborough, NH 03458

* See List ol Advertisers on Page 1 76 80 Micro, November 1984 • 101 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

PASCALCULATIONS

might refer to several different disk optional file parameter that appears

Program Listing 1. Simple input and output files. before any data you want written or program. The Reset procedure opens files variables you want read. If the first from which the program reads; the parameter isn't a file type, the default program copyASCIIFile; Rewrite procedure opens files to which value is the standard input file (if you var a: string; the program writes. The Close proce- want the data read) or the standard begin closes file. argument for file (if want the data writ- while not eof( INPUT) do dure a The output you begin these procedures is the file identifier. ten). If the first parameter is a file type readln(a) Write, file is for writeln (a) The Read, READLN, and identifier, then that used end; WRITELN procedures all have an the I/O. For example: the state- end. ment WRITELN(data); is the same as WRITELN(output.data); while WRITELN(resulting,data); sends the Program Listing 2. Writing data to a disk file. value of the file named Data to the file program dataOutput; named Resulting. var data: array [1..20] of real; A file identifier isn't bound to a spe- i: integer; cific file until you open the file using outFile: text; begin the Reset or Rewrite procedures. The

{ enter data from keyboard } Close procedure detaches a file identi- for i:=* 1 to 20 do begin fier from a specific file. So, when a write('Enter data point ',i:l,': ') program executes a Reset or Rewrite readln(data[i] ) end; statement, it then pauses to prompt { now open the output file } rewrite (outFile) for the file name (I'll discuss excep-

{ now send the output to this file } tions below). for i:= 1 to 20 do For example, after executing the writeln(outFile,data|i] :10:5) ; close(outFile) statement RESET(inFile), the pro- end. gram prompts you for a new value for inFile. If you press the enter key with-

Program Listing 3. Using the SETACNM procedure. out typing in a file name, the program uses the default input or output file. If program dataOutput; you type in the file name Exam- var data: array [1..20] of real; ple/DAT, the program refers to the i: integer; disk file Example/DAT every time it outFile: text; procedure setAcnm(var filelD: text; name: string) encounters the identifier inFile. Pro- external; gram Listing 2 illustrates these points. begin { program body }

{ enter data from keyboard ) for i:« 1 to 20 do begin The Tie That Binds write ('Enter data point ',i:l/': ');

readln(data[i] ) Sometimes it isn't convenient to end; have the program stop and prompt { now open the output file } ( setAcnmfoutFile, bldstr 'object/txt' ) ) you for a file name. Alcor Pascal pro- rewrite(outFile) vides a way of linking a file name to a { now send the output to the file OBJECT/TXT } for i:= 1 to 20 do file identifier from within the pro- writeln (outFile, data [i] :10:5) ; close(outFile) gram: the SETACNM procedure. To end. use this procedure, you must declare it as an external procedure before the main body of the program begins. The Program Listing 4. Printing a binary file as a text file. declaration looks like this: program reallnTextOut; var procedure setAcnm(var a: ;b: string); realFile: file of real; external; printer: text; value: real; You more advanced Pascalers procedure setAcnm(var p: text; s: string); external; begin might see a problem in using the SET-

{ open file to read } write ('Enter the name of the FILE OF REAL to read: ') ACNM procedure to bind file names reset (realFile) to file identifiers of different types: { open printer for output } ( Pascal's strong file typing. If the first setAcnm (printer , bldstr :L' ) ) rewrite(printer) parameter of the SETACNM proce- { now copy values from the file of reals to the printer} dure is a text file, and you want to use while not eof (readFile) do an integer-type file, the program re- begin read(readFile,value) ports an error, since the types of the writeln(value:10:6) ; formal parameter and the procedure end; end. invocation don't match. There's a way around this problem.

164 • 80 Micro, November 1984

Scanned by Ira Goldklang - www.trs-80.com ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ;

PASCALCULATIONS

Program Listing 5. Storing customer records as binary files. A file identifier isn *t program cIO; type bound to a specific file cRec » record name: packed array [1..20] of char; until you open the age: .'..95; address: packed array [1..40] of char; file using the Reset or amountDue: real; end

Rewrite procedures. cRecFile = file of cRec;

cList = array [1..20] of cRec; cmdType = (quit, keyln, readln, writeOut, display); choiceType = record Alcor Pascal thoughtfully provides a caue boolean of true: (num: 0. .4) type transfer operator that lets you by- false: (cmd: cmdType); end; pass Pascal's type checking. The oper- var ator's symbol is two colons (::). Use custList: cList; customer: cRec; this operator with caution. If the sizes cFile: cRecFile; of the two types aren't identical, nasty numberOf Records: integer; option: choiceType; things can occur, like overwriting function getKey: char; external; { Alcor library function } other variables or part of your pro- procedure inputCustomer (var customer: cRec) gram. begin write('Enter customer name: '); However, since Alcor Pascal's file readln (customer . name) buffers are all the same size, you can write('Enter customer address: '); readln (customer . address) safely transfer file types in this case. write( 'Enter customer age: '); The syntax for a type transfer is readln (customer .age) write( 'Enter customer amount due: '); ::. For ex- readln (customer .amountDue) end; ample, if inFile is a real-type file and

f displays a list of the customers to the specified device } the SETACNM procedure calls for procedure dispList ( var custList: cList; numberOf Records: integer) the first parameter to be a text file, var outFile: text; then the statement: i: integer; pauseYN: boolean; setAcnm(inFile, name); procedure pause; var c: char; generates an error because the first pa- begin rameter isn't the correct file type. c:= getKey; end; However, you can use: procedure writeCustomer (var out:text; var customer: cRec) begin setAcnm(inFiIe::texl, name); with customer do begin to temporarily give inFile a new file writeln(out, 'Name: ' ,name); writeln(out, 'Address: ' ,address) type, text. The procedure binds the , writeln ( out ' Age: ',age:l);

writeln(out, ' : value of the file called Name to the file 'Amount due: ,amountDue:6 2)

end; ( with ) identifier inFile. If is a string file Name end; and has the value Source/TXT, then

begin { dispList } the file identifier inFile refers to the write( 'Pause after each record (TRUE/FALSE)? '); disk file Source.TXT. readln (pauseYN) write('Enter name of output file for display '); Program Listing 3 is a modification rewrite(outFile)

writeln(outFile, 'There are ', numberOf Records, ' customers in the list.'); of Listing 2; it eliminates prompts for for i:« 1 to numberOf Records do file names after the Rewrite proce- begin writeCustomer (outFile, custList [i] dure. The second parameter of the ) if pauseYN then pause; SETACNM procedure must be a end; close (outFile) variable, string-type because a string end; constant has an implied type of { returns the number of record written ! packed array of character. function readCFile(var list: cList) : integer; The var predefined Alcor Pascal procedure cFile: cRecFile; i: integer; BLDSTR lets you create a string type begin from a string constant. reset(cFile) i:= 1; while not eof(cFile) do Binary Files begin read(cFile, list[i]) Input and output with text files i:- i + 1; end; change the internal storage format of close(cFile) Pascal's simple data types to ASCII readCFile:= i - 1; end; characters. For example, Pascal stores procedure writeCFile(var list: cList; numberOf Records: integer); a real-type value in memory in binary var Listing 5 continued floating-point form, but when a pro-

80 Micro, November 1984 • 165 : ; ; ; ; ; —

PASCALCULATIONS

in customer records gram writes that value to a text file, it of character, the size of the array You can type your uses character digits and letters. determines the number of characters one at a time with the keyboard entry However, some files are in binary the program reads. option. The read and write options write records to a binary format. An integer file, for example, In a binary file, all the elements are read or the prints the outputs integer values to a file in the of the same type. This is useful when disk file. The display option same format you store them in. So bi- you're dealing with files of structured records to the specified output file; output nary files require much less storage data types. Suppose you want to store pressing the enter key sends the space than text files. Generally, only a information on a large number of cus- to the screen. The program includes an after program manipulates binary' files; if tomers, including name, age, address, option that pauses the program until you press a key you need to see file contents, the pro- telephone number, and so on. You can every record gram reads the binary format and construct a record type to hold this in- this procedure uses the Alcor Library function writes it out in text format. formation and then declare a file of that GETKEY. the Alcor Pas- You can use the Read and Write record type. By the way, a bug in cal compiler can cause the program to procedures with binary files, but not When the file is of a structured type, of the READLN or WRITELN; to read a the Read and Write statements can fail if you change the types address fields from packed line or write a line makes sense only in perform I/O on the entire record, not name and of character to string file. When reference to text files. Program Listing just one of the fields, as is the case array using binary files, packed ar- 4 reads a real-type file and sends it out with a text file type. Program Listing 5 you're character work and strings to the printer. reads customer information from the rays of don't. If you must use variable-length You indicate output to the printer keyboard and writes it to a structured character strings (string-type variables by typing in :L, the standard file name binary file. The program uses a num- or fields), go with text files. for the parallel line printer device. ber of features, including variant rec- You can use only sequential files in In a text file, you use spaces as de- ords, introduced in earlier columns. Standard Pascal; you have to access limiters to separate numerical values. When you run this program, the file data in the order of storage. Alcor A carriage return terminates a string. main program calls the function Pascal does have a set of procedures When a program reads a character- menu. You input a number from zero for creating random access files, but type variable from a text file, it returns to 4 to determine the command op- that's a column all by itself. the next character. In a packed array tion. Notice that the menu function re- turns an integer subrange and the pro- gram assigns this value to a variant Bruce Powel record with the statement: You can write to Douglass c/o 80 Micro, 80 Pine St., BIBLE option.cmd: = menu; Peterborough, NH 03458. HIGHLIGHTS I

Using 5 continued cFilo: cRecFile; i: integer; Highlights of the Bible for begin children, kindergarten through rewrite(cFile) for i:^ 1 to numberOf Records do fourth grade begin

write(cFile, list[i]) ; Christian learning through end; close(cFile) ; animated Bible stones, games end; and quizes function menu: cmdType; var option: choiceType; Covers CREATION. JEWISH begin TRIBES AND LIFE OF CHRIST writeln( 'Enter choice number: '); wcitelnCl. Keyboard Entry of customer record ); wnteln('2. Read customer list from disk'); writeln('3. Write customer list to disk'); list'); A computer software package writeln('4. Display cystomer writeln('0. Quit program'); for TRS 80 Models III and IV writeln( 'There are currently ', numberOf Records: 1, customers. ); (option. num) Total program over 70k bytes 7 readln menu:= option.cmd; 16k. sections each less than end;

begin { main program ) Specify tape cassette or diskette numberOfRecords:= 0; repeat option. cmd:» menu; Post paid. Price $19.50, case option.cmd of Satisfaction guaranteed keyln: begin numberOf Records: = numberOf Records + 1; inputCustomer (custList[ numberOf Records] ) Send check or money order to end; readln numberOfRecords:= readCFile (custList) STAR SOFTWARE CO., writeOut: writeCFile(custList, numberOf Records) dispList(custList , numberOf Records) DEPT. M80 display: end; case } 2315 WATERBYST until option.cmd = quit; WESTLAKE VILLAGE end. CA 91361 - 43

166 • 80 Micro, November 1984 .

Tidbit

Here's a simple programming the possibilities. You can experi- trick that the appearance ment with n and other available * enhances of printouts from your Basic pro- characters to construct useful and char- interesting new symbols. Use a dic- grams. It lets you create new I've found that the easiest way to current character tionary that lists symbols and signs acters with your use the 4 MHz Model 4 clock in the set. do so by printing out a as a source of new characters to You Model III mode is with two one-line create. standard character, backspacing, subroutines: one for speeding up, over You may find control codes use- and printing another character and the other for slowing down. ful as well. For example, you can the first to get a unique third char- To speed up the clock to 4 MHz if you print the fractionally line-feed the DWP-210 acter. For example, for data entry and manipulation, letter o, backspace, then print a from Basic. This technique lets you use this subroutine: slash over it, you get the Greek let- produce the familiar R sign that

16912,104 : 236,104 : ter phi, . druggists often use: XXXX POKE OUT RETURN Use LPRINT commands to print LPRINT "R";CHRS(8);CHR$(6);CHR$ out the characters; the backspace (27);CHR$(28);"X" Be sure to slow down the clock code you use depends on the printer If you're using a Model I, re- to 2 MHz before Open, I/O, or own. Radio Shack DWP-210 you A member to press the shift key for PEEK statements. Use this sub- CHR$(n), where n needs CHR$(8); lowercase characters in Basic. routine: equals the number of backspaces you want. a p. Houit XXXX POKE 16912,40 : OUT 236,40 : The Table shows only a few of Los Angeles, CA RETURN

I used a zero to 20,000 For. . Next loop for a benchmark rou- takes 51 seconds New Symbol Name First Character Second Character tine. The routine Greek theta o to run in Model III mode, and 30 Greek phi o / seconds in Model 4 mode. The ac- Greek epsilon C tual time saved changes with the Yen sign Y specific execution instructions. Cents sign c / Caution—The clock also runs Not -equal sign / faster in the speed-up mode. If you Implies sign (right arrow) = = or - - > use the clock for specific tasks, use Sign for planet Pluto P L an add-on calendar and clock Partial derivative sign 3 o board. Edward E. Umlor Sample characters. Table. East Fitzwilliam, NH

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80 Micro, November 1984 • 167 * See List ol Advertisers on Page 176 THE NEXT STEP / by Hardin Brothers Put Your Model 4 Function Keys to Work

The Model 4 has three function keys (Fl, F2, and F3) that gener-

ally sit unused above the numeric key- pad. To use those keys, you have to write a keyboard filter to change their values. This month and next, I'll show you how to write and install such a

filter. Two short digressions before dig- ging into this month's program. First,

I wrote the source code using the EDAS assembler. You can use any Model III or Model 4 assembler. To do so, you might have to leave the @ sign off the labels, slightly change the method of defining messages, and ex- pand the macro instruction (see my September column, p. 144). But once you compile the source code into Z80 machine language, your computer doesn't care which assembler you use. Second, I'd like to give credit to two excellent books that helped me write program. The next 2 bytes must con- Carry flags to indicate what type of re- this and next month's programs. The tain the address of HIGHS before you quest you're making. When the com-

first is Radio Shack's Model 4 Techni- install the program in high memory puter sets the Carry flag in the F regis-

cal Reference Manual and the second (that is, the address of the last byte of ter, the calling program is requesting a

is Roy Soltoff s The Programmer's this program). byte of data from a particular device. Guide to LDOS/TRSDOS Version 6 Then use a single byte to define the Technically, this is called an @GET (Misosys, P.O. Box 4848, Alexan- length of the module name, followed request. When the Cany flag isn't set dria, VA 22303). I've drawn heavily by the name itself. The name doesn't but the Zero flag is, the program is from both these books and recom- have to be the same as the program's sending a byte of data to the device mend them. file name on disk; for example, the (@PUT request). If neither flag is set, TRSDOS communications driver, the calling program is sending a con- Understanding the Filter COM, has a header name of CL$. trol code to the device (@CTL re- To understand this month's pro- Four bytes follow the module quest). gram, Three Keys (see the Program name. The first two must contain the Obviously, sending data to the key- Listing), read the comments at the be- address of the filter's device control board makes no sense, but you can ginning of the Listing. Then look at line block (DCB) and the last two are re- send a control code to the keyboard 1490, where the filter module begins. served for future system use. An op- driver (a control code of 03 tells the The actual filter is relatively short- tional data area follows those bytes. keyboard driver to clear the type- only 69 bytes including the memory Three Keys stores the default values of ahead buffer, for example). There- header. Everything in between is the the function keys in the data area; if code that links the filter to the system you want a standard set of values each and relocates the filter module to the time you install this module, store available memory. your own values here. Otherwise, use TheKeyBox top of LOAD »Q Lines 1470-1520 are a standard next month's program to change those Model 4 header re- values from TRSDOS Ready. TRSDOS 6.X memory 64KRAM quired for every program and data The next 50 bytes actually filter the Assembly Language area in protected high memory. The keyboard characters. Every time the

first 2 bytes must invoke a relative system or a program calls a filter or EDAS jump to the beginning of the actual driver module, it sets the Zero and

168 • 80 Micro, November 1984 :

THE NEXT STEP

fore, the filter must begin by deter- mining what type of request you've made. The filter can 't know whether you *ve pressed a

If the Carry flag isn't set, this must function key. All it can determine is whether the input be an @PUT or @CTL request. chain has returned the code for such a key. Three Keys isn't designed to handle either, so it sends them down the chain of filters and drivers to which it is at- tached by loading the IX register with beginning of the filter module. It puts is an indication of an error or lack of the value stored in the memory header the new value in the A register (where data. The filter ducks those problems at MODDCB, and then invoking the the calling program expects it), sets the by returning the error status to the @CHNIO Supervisory Call (SVC). A Zero Hag, and passes control back to calling program. On the other hand, a filter doesn't need to know how it's the calling program. set Zero flag indicates success. connected to the rest of the system; the This short filter module demon- Second, the computer puts any val- @CHNIO call, coupled with the inter- strates two of TRSDOS's important ues it receives from an @GET request nal organization of TRSDOS, takes conventions. First, a return from al- into the A register. Conversely, it puts care of that. This filter must return most any SVC with the Zero flag reset any values passed from a program to a whatever flags and values the @PUT or @CTL requests generate further down the chain. It does so with a Program Listing. Three Keys. simple Return command after the 00100 @CHN10 SVC. 00110 * Function Key Filter * 00120 * • 00130 * Written by Hardin Brothers * The Filter at Work 014 00150 When the filter receives an @GET 00160 Assemble as FKEY/FLT 00170 request, it starts to work. Since the fil- 00180 ;This t ilter must be invoked with the SET command connected ter doesn't read the keyboard directly 00190 i from TRSDOS 6.x and then to the 00200 ; keyboard ir put chain with the FILTER command. (this would cause massive hardware 32213 00220 ;A normal invocation sequence would De and software confusion), it uses the 00230

00240 ; SET •FK ;to) fkeys/flt @CHNIO SVC to send the @GET re- 00250 ; FILTER »KI [USING] *FK quest down the input chain (starting in 00260 ; The n set FKEY values using SETFKEYS/CMD 30270 ; (s ee next month's program) line 1680). If the result is returned with 00260 00290 the Zero flag reset, either an error oc- 00330 00310 Equates curred farther down the chain or no 00320 data is available for return. In either 000A 00330 LF EQC 10 ;Line feed 000D 00340 CR EQL' 13 ;Carriage return case, the filter returns control to the 00350 00360 ;SVCa: calling program to handle the prob- 000A 00370 gDSPLY EQU 10 ^Display a message line 0014 00380 eCHNIO EQU 20 jPass control down device chain lem. However, if the Zero flag is set, 0016 00390 •EXIT EQU 22 ;Exit to TRSDOS Ready the filter can get to work, and passes 0064 00400 PHIGHS EQU 100 ;Find or set HIGH? 0065 00410 g FLAGS EQU 101 jPoint IY to system Flag Table control to line 1840. 00420 00430 The filter can't know whether 00440 Macro Instruction: 00450 ...... you've pressed a function key. All it 0000 00460 SVC MACRO •NUMBER 0000 00470 LD a.»number ;Load A with SVC number can determine from the value in the A 0000 00480 RST 28H i Execute SVC 0000 00490 EN DM register is whether the input chain has 00500 returned the code for such a key. The 00510 00520 Initialization Routine keyboard driver returns the hexadeci- 00530 03540 mal (hex) values 81, 82, and 83 for the 3000 00550 ORG 3000K 3000 D5 00560 BEGIN r'JSH DE ;Save DCB unshifted function keys, and 91, pntr on stack 92, 3001 ED534E31 00570 LD (MODDCB! ,DE ;And stuff into filter and 93 for shifted function keys. The 3005 E5 005B0 PUSH HL rSave command pointer 3006 216630 00590 LD HL,SGNON ;HL==>Sign-on message section of code in lines 1820-1890 tests 3009 00600 SVC iDSPLY ;Display on screen 300C El 00610 POP HL jRecover pointer for those values and passes control to 00620 ...... 00630 Check if we got here from SET line 1970 if it finds any one of them. If 00640 it finds none, it sets the Zero flag (to 300D 00650 SVC eTLAGS ; Point IY to AFLAGS

3010 FDCB025E 00660 BIT 3, (IY+'C'-'A' ) (Test bit 3 of CFLAG$ show that it has received data) and re- 3014 200C 00670 JR NZ, SETHI jGo if SET uBed, else 3016 219B30 036BB LD HL.SETMSG ;HL«> 'Use SET" message turns control to the calling program 3019 00693 SVC GDSPLY ;ShOw messaqe (lines 1900-1910). 3 01C 21FFFF 00700 LD HL,-1 ;Show extended error 301F 0-10 SVC 0EXIT ;Back to TRSDOS 00-20 If the program finds a function key 00730 Reset HIGHS and prepare to relocate filter 007 40 ...... value, it changes it to a value from 3022 210000 00750 SETHI LD HL,0 ;Select HIGHS 3025 45 00760 LD B,L ;B«0 get current value through five (beginning in line O zero 3026 00""3 SVC 0HIGHS 1970), and then looks up the appropri- Listing continued ate new value in the data table at the

80 Micro, November 1984 • 169 H n

THE NEXT STEP

device with or re- Latmg continued an @PUT @CTL quest into the C register before calling

3029 224731 007 80 LD (OLDHI) ,HL ;Save in filter header the device chain. All programs must 302C 280A 007 90 JR Z, RELOC ;Go if no error 00806 observe the rules for the use of the A, 302E 21C630 00810 LD HL.NOMEM ?HL"> Error message F, and C registers and the Zero and 3031 00820 SVC 0DSPLY ,-Print it 3034 21FFFF 00830 LD HL,-1 ;Signal extended error Carry flags. 3037 C9 00840 RET ;Back to TRSDOS 00850 As I said earlier, most of this

00860 ; Hove filter to high memory and protect 00870 month's listing (323 bytes) concerns 3038 PD218A31 00880 RELOC LD IY.RELTAB ;IY-->List of abs. addrs. initializing and installing the 69-byte 303C 118931 00890 LD DE.FLTEND ;DE-curr. end of filter 303P AF 00900 XOR A ;Clear carry flag filter. This installation procedure can 3040 ED52 00910 SBC HL,DE .'Calculate dist. to move 3042 E5 00920 PUSH HL /Transfer to be confusing to learn, but once you 3043 CI 00930 POP BC ; BC register pair 3044 FD6E00 00940 RELOC1 LD L, (IY-»0) ;Get address to change understand it, you can easily write

3047 FD6601 00950 LD H, (IY+1) ; in HL your own filters. 304A 7C 00960 LD A,H ;Test for 304B B5 00970 OR L (end of list) ; in lines 304C 280F 980 JR 2, MOVE ;Move module when done After the necessary equates 304E 5E 00990 LD E,(HL) ;Move contents of address 330-410, I've included a simple macro 304F 23 01000 INC HL ; to change in 3050 56 01010 LD D,(HL) ; DE register instruction that makes the rest of the 3151 EB 01020 EX DE.HL ;HL has value to change 3052 09 01030 ADD HL,BC .•Offset value program easier to write and under- 3053 EB 01040 EX DE.HL ;DE has new value 3054 72 01050 LD (HL) ,D ;Put it back in place stand. It simply invokes an SVC; 3055 2B 01060 DEC HL ; so new value for example, instead of writing LD 3056 73 01070 LD (HL) ,E ; will be correct 3057 FD23 01080 INC IY jBurnp IY to next A,@DSPLY followed by RST 28H, 3059 FD23 01090 INC IY ; entry in table

305B 18E7 01100 JR RELOC1 ; Loop back until done the macro lets you use the direct in- 01110 struction SVC @DSPLY. 01120 1 Now move module into high memory 01130 1 and eadiust HIGHS 01140 I designed the filter so that you can 305D ED5B4731 01150 MOVE LD DE. (OLDHI) ;DE-« destination address invoke it from TRSDOS with a com- 3061 218931 01160 LD HL.FLTEND ;HL»»>Cur rent end of mod 3064 014500 01170 LD BC,FLTLEN ;BC = length of module mand such as SET *FK TO FKEY/ 3067 EDB8 01130 LDDR ;Hove it 3069 EB 01190 EX DE.HL ;Move new HIGHS to HL FLT followed by an optional list of 306A 0600 01200 LD B,0 .•Select HIGHS 306C 01210 SVC 9HIGHS (Set new HIGHS value parameters. From the user's point of 306F 23 01220 INC HL ;HL-->New entry of module view, that associates the fil- 01230 command

01240 j Set Type and Address in Pilter's DCB ter with the "pseudo-device" *FK, so 01250 307 DDE1 01260 POP IX jGet DCB addr off stack that a later command of FILTER KI 3072 DD360047 01270 LD (1X40) ,01000111E ;Set as FILTER capable USING *FK puts the filter into the 012 80 1 of 3GET, JPUT, PCTL functions 3076 DD7 501 01290 LD (IX+1) ,L ;LSB of Filter address keyboard input chain. 307 9 DD740 2 01300 LD (IX+2) ,H ;MSB of Filter address 307C 21F230 01310 LD HL, DONMSG ;HL""> Success message 307F 01320 SVC gDSPLY From a programmer's point of 30 82 210000 01330 LD HL,0 ;ShOw success view, the Set command does two 3085 C9 01340 RET ;Back to TRSDOS via SET 01350 I things. First, it loads the HL register 01360 pair with the address of the parameter 01370 i Messages 01380 list if there is one, the program can 3086 0A 01390 SGNON DB lf, 'Function Key Filter'.CR so 309B 0A 01400 SETMSG DB lf, 'Filter Must be installed with SET comma later parse those parameters. Second, d 1 ,CR 30C6 0A 01410 NOHEM DB LF, 'High Memory not available for installati it opens a DCB for the new pseudo-de- on' ,CR vice, *FK. is 7-byte data 30F2 0A 01420 DONMSG DB LF, ' installation Successfully Completed' A DCB a 3116 01430 DB LF,'Use FILTER M command to link to keyboard d that river' ,CR structure in low memory contains 01440 f the necessary information for devices 01450 • 01460 and pseudo-devices so you can route,

01470 ; Actual Filter Module 014 80 link, and filter them. Without this

3145 1811 01490 PKEY JR START ; Beg in req'd header structure, TRSDOS could not be de- 3147 0000 01500 OLD HI DM ;Pre-installation HIGHS 3149 04 01510 DB 4 ;Name length vice independent. When SET opens 314A 46 01520 DB 'PKEY' (Module Name 314E 0000 01530 MODDCB DM • ;Addr Of module's DCB the DCB for *FK, it puts the address

3150 0000 01540 DM ; For system use 3152 81 01550 Fl DB 81H ;Data storage area of the DCB in the DE register pair and 3153 82 01560 F2 DB 82 H ; with default settings then passes control to the installation 3154 83 01570 F3 DB 83H ; of each key 3155 91 01580 SF1 DB 91 program. 3156 92 01590 SF2 DB 92H 3157 93 01600 SF3 DB 93H All drivers filters know 01610 and must

01620 ; Star t of filter process the address of their own DCB, which 01630 3158 380 8 01640 START JR C, FILTER iGo if SGET request you must store in the filter header at 01650 .****• the label MODDCB. Since you'll need 01660 ; Here if §put or eCTL request 01670 ****** that address later, the first two instruc- 315A DD2A4E31 01680 CHAIN LD IX, (MODDCB) ;Get DCB ptr from header 315C 01690 RX01 EQU S-2 tions of the program (lines 560 and 315E 01700 SVC eCHNIO ;Pass down the chain 3161 C9 01710 RET ;And send back unchanged 570) push it onto the stack and load it 01720 into the filter's header. The program 01730 1 Here on 0GET requests 01740 then points HL to the sign-on message 3162 CD5A31 01750 FILTER CALL CHAIN ;Pass down the chain and displays that message with the Listing continued @DSPLY SVC.

170 • 80 Micro, November 1984 .

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• Execute t DEPARTMENT P S I (UP TO 9) DOS commands from program auto dial and auto log-on t USE 100+ SUB-TOTALS • Compatible with most major modems • STATEMENT OF CHANGES(ASSETSl framing, parity, and overrun errors • Store all settings in data files for eosy ' PERCENT P& L + ACCOUNT DETAIL retrieval reported • List ASCII files and buffer ACCTS PAYABLE $49 95 handles ASCII or binary files • File conversion utility BALANCE FORWARD y9 TRANSACT CODES large capture buffer • Operates on most mojor DOS's 30 60-90-120 AGED CHECK WRITER DATE/INV«/DESCRIP/AMT|WITH AGEINGl block or prompted transmissions FAST ENTRY POSTING W/AUDIT REPORT MODEL I $69.00 keeps track of time on-line MODEL III $69.00 DEMO AVAILABLE AT S20 00 MODEL 4 $69.00 PER SYSTEM use with null modem cable up to MANUAL ONLY $10.00 APPL IESTOWARDPURCHASE 9600 baud CHECKS M O VISA & MASTERCARD ADO $3.00 SHIPPING OPTIONAL— INDIANA RESIDENTS ADD 5*. SALES TAX —Hard Disk Versions- can be integrated with Lazy Writer word alone INDIANA —A/R Auto Post— processor, or use —A/R Invoicing— SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT CO. INTRODUCTORY PRICE $34.95 (Division ol DonTho Computer Service Inc D. P. ) H. a .: \ ,- : ; 723 FRANKLIN SQUARE m C0MMTJWICATI0N8 , o -JLLPHABIT INC SUITE 502 ,U ' :. (I! 13349 MICHiaAH AVX. VISA or M/C > MICHIGAN CITY. IN 46360 TJ DKAHBOHJST, MI 48186 ^355 > Phone: (219) 879-2941 -"»« O (SIS) 881-8896 „ 4 76 N3XSAS AJJOVdVO 30MV1 M3J.SAS AH

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gram will help you organize any data mailing list program built in sections, TRS-80 you need to keep—whether it's income first using sequential files, then ran- tax records DATA FILES or a mailing list for a small dom access, so you can examine all the business. You learn by doing it your- parts. A section on modifications self and have your own customized allows you to use the book with the

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• See List ot Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 171 »

THE NEXT STEP

Listing continued

3163 01760 RX02 EQU S-2 3165 C0 01770 RET NZ ;If no char or error 01780 ,.*.*•

01790 ; Character was received from the chain.

01800 1 Before returning to the calling routine 01810 I the Z flag must be rest ored, and the 01820 1 approp riate character returned in A 01830 j ***** 3166 FE81 01840 CP 81H ;Is it less than Fl?

316B 3 80C 01850 JR CLEAVE ; yes , then go 316A FE94 01860 CP 94H ;Is it greater than SF2?

316C 3008 01870 JR NC, LEAVE ; yes , then go 316E PE84 01880 CP 84H ;Is it Fl, F2, or F37

3170 3806 018 90 JR C, CHANGE ; yes, then filter 3172 FE91 01900 CP 91H jls it SF1, SF2 or SF3?

3174 3002 01910 JR NC, CHANGE ; yes, then filter 3176 BF 01920 LEAVE CP A ;Set z flag 3177 C9 01930 RET ;Back to caller 01940 ,"... 01950 A function key was pres sed. Now, change its code - 01960 t to B 5 (Fl through SF3) , then use that code

01970 t as an index to the data list in the module header 01980 ****** 3178 D681 01990 CHANGE SUB eiH ;0 if Fl 317A FE04 02000 CP 4 ;Is it a shifted key? 317C 3802 02010 JR CCHNGl ;Go if not 317E D60D 02020 SUB 0DH ;3 if SF1 3180 6F 02030 CHNG1 LD L,A ;Value into L 3181 2600 02040 LD H,0 ;HL « offset value 3183 115231 02050 LD DE.F1 ;DE-=> top of list 3184 02060 RX03 EQU $-2 3186 19 02070 ADD HL,DE ;Get offset 3187 7E 02080 LD A,(HL) ;Get new value 3188 18EC 02090 JR LEAVE ;Send it back 02100 . *****

02110 ; Values for relocat ion 02120 .*•••* 3189 02130 FLTEND EQU S-l ;End of filter 0045 02140 FLTLEN EQU S-FKEY ;Length of filter module 318A 5C31 02150 RELTAB DW RX01,RX02, RX03

02160 t 3000 02170 END BEGIN 30000 Total errors End

Next, the program must be sure you @GET, @PUT, and @CTL requests.

invoked it with the Set command. It Finally, the program installs the

checks this by examining the third bit filter's address (in high memory) in the of system flag C. The flags are a set of DCB. Notice that the DCB has a 26 bytes in low memory, each of which pointer to the filter and the filter has a can contain up to eight individual pointer to the DCB (in the MODDCB pieces of information about the sys- word in the header). Both pointers are OUR tem's current state. The ©FLAGS necessary so TRSDOS can keep track CHARTS SVC points the IY register to flag A; of the Filter, Route, and Link opera- EXPLAIN IN PLAIN other flags might be offsets from that tions. THEIR ENGLISH WHAT address. The program checks to find if Next month, I'll present and explain MANUALS ARE TRYING TO SAY! bit 3 of flag C is set. If it isn't, you've a companion program that lets you

SuperSCRlPSIT' insert pj>s Mod 5 expands training invoked the program directly from change the function key values after

manual; Combines ret. manual info. ln<. dun . . . $16.00 DOS, the value in DE at the beginning you've installed Three Keys, and also Profile III Plus' 106 insert p^s lor Mod i manual, expl.

examples. charts . 2 lbx.22 flow . . $16.00 was in error, and the program termi- explain how you can use the function CL insert pgs Mod I Disk Manual. How to run it right! In< chart shows Cycle. P&L.Bal Sheet. Terms $16.00 nates with an error message. keys to produce strings such as EDIT and LIST while you are using Model 4 \\\n CHARTS showing all comm nds used Finally, the program (lines 730- & explanatio s for the following programs: Basic. 2- - 1 All are 19x25. olors. easy to read -$5.00 each) 1200) goes through a standard series SuoerSCRIPSIT' MOO 3, Profile III* '.VislCak', of routines to relocate the filter mod- General ledger Mod 3, Bask Mod 3, Basic Mod 4.

MOD 4 BY |ACK - Ne \est hook showing all Mod 4 DOS ule to high memory and protect it

and BASIC operations ith manv c lear examples Replat es there. Notice that it also changes all operators manual in r lost cases Very cleat & extensiye Readers who subscribe to Compu- 6x") indexes inches . . $16.1X1 absolute addresses in the filter module - MOD 4 BASIC CHART 2-color vs. I < hart shows most Serve can take part in discussions of by finding their addresses from a relo- BASIC & DOS 6.1.2 operations with e jmples . . $5.00 topics covered in The Next Step. GO INDEXES Detailed indexes on hea y stock, punched 3 cation table at the end of the program holes, for the manuals of Profile III- MOD 4 DISK SYS PCS-117 to the Software and Authors OVVNIRS MASLAI., SuperSCRIPSIT III .... leachi $5.00 (which explains the reason for the MONTHLY NEWSLETTER — Deals mainlv with word pro- Special Interest Group (SASIG), and RX01, RX02, and RX03 labels in the cessingdata base on Mod 3,4.100. Mailed 1st class with leave your questions addressed to wide range of topics lor non-hackers $24.00/ vr filter). ' - Copyrights of Tandy or VisiCorp Hardin Brothers. Feel free to join in The last step of installing the filter is conversations started by others. Send cash, check, money order to: to set its address in its own DCB in low You can also write to Hardin CREST SOFTWARE ^223 memory (see lines 1240-1320). First, Brothers at 280 N. Campus Ave., Up- 2132 Crestview. Suite "12 . Durango, CO 81301 the program stores a bit record at the land, CA 91786. Enclose a stamped, ,301) 247-9510 visa MC accepted, include card « and expiration date beginning of the DCB showing that self-addressed envelope if you want a (Add $2.00 Shipping — We use UPS) this is a filter capable of handling reply.

172 • 80 Micro, November 1984 CONTROL YOUR STAT21 COSTS AND CASINO BLACKJACK CARD COUNTING STRATEGY SIMULATION MAXIMIZE AND ANALYSIS PROGRAM

STAT21 IS NOT A CAME. IT ALLOWS YOU TO DETERMINE THE YOUR PROFIT EFFECTIVENESS OF YOUR CASINO BLACKJACK CARD COUNTING STRATEGY AND/OR COMPARE STRATEGIES. make a profit, you have to know what To • Fast, 100> Machine Language, simulates 100+ hands per your costs are. Low Cost Costing is a book- second. and-software combination that will help you • Flexible. Virtually any casino blackjack card counting strategy can be simulated. You enter the strategy. determine production costs for your small • user friendly. Completely table driven. business, using your Apple, PC, or TRS-80. IBM • up to 9,999,999 hands can be simulated. If you are responsible for production, you can • Ability to store simulations to disk. increase your profits once you know what • Simulation results include: you're spending. Low Cost Costing shows you Total Action High & low Stakes Total Stake Betting Analysis to analyze your costs using profit-and- how your Stake/Action insurance Analysis loss statements and your microcomputer. Once • includes Comprehensive user's Manual. you've found them, you can: 48K 2 Disk Model in or Model 4 required. Provided on • costs. LOW Cut your •TRSDOS 1.3 Formatted Disk. • COST (•Trademark of Tandy Corporation) " 19 Adjust prices. COSTING • Set marketing and manu- mom n i o\i/\i. $59 Plus $3.00 Shipping & Handling. California Willi WM ft VIK 'mxO.W'1 'II K facturing strategies. Residents add 6/ . To order or for further information write: walksoft Programming, P.O. Box 1878, • Determine why THCUiS S f ISKE Ridgecrest. CA 93555. some products sell and / others don't.

It's the time- and money-saving combination your small business needs—Low Cost Costing and your micro. Low Cost Costing More 80 Thomas S. Fiske Apple II, II Plus, lie The Rest of 80 approx. 112 pp. CC7399 [package] from the editors ISBN 0-88006-067-0 $24.97 THE of Wayne Green TRS-80 Model I, III IBM PC REST Books CC7403 [prtifrl CC7402 (packagr) of a ISBN 0-88006-072-7 ISBN 0-88006-071-9 80 Micro readers always want more. There is some- thing for all TRS-80 users in To order i all loll free 1-800 25K rU73 lor credit card order* Or mail your order with all check nr money order or complete credit card information to Wayne Green Rooks this collection of 31 never- Retail Sales Peterborough NH (13458 Please include shipping and handling of II 50 for new tutorials before-published utilities and the first system $1 00 for each additional system Orders payable in US dollars only Please allow 4 6 week* for delivery and tutorials. Both Model I and utilities Model III subjects are cov- ^- ered. Topics include graphics, passwords, Scripsit and EDTASM modifications, and a Pascal tutorial. Complete program listings Yes,>a 1 want Low Cost Costing, $24.97 per system, plus ship- are given, along with numerous examples, figures, ping and handling ($1.50 for the first system, $1.00 for each addi- tional system). Please indicate total number wanted for each and tables. system. $9.97 ISBN 068006062-X 7 by 9 1963 BK7392 softcover with spiral binding 232 pp. _ Apple I.CC7399I _IBM PC (CC7402I _ TRS-80 |CC7403I TO ORDER payment enclosed — MasterCard Visa n Am. Ex. Call toil-free 1 -800-256-5473 for credit card orders. Or mail your Card* MCbank* order with check or money order or complete credit card informa- tion to: Wayne Green Books, Retail Sales, Peterborough, NH 03456. Expiration date Signature Please include $1.50 for ihe first book, $1.00 for each additional book for shipping and handling. Orders payable in US dollars only. Name Allow 4-6 weeks for delivery. Dealer Inquiries invited. Wayne Green Address Books are also available in bookstores. City State Zip 1-800-258-5473 Wayne Green Books, Peterborough, NH 03458 3411B8L L. J

* See List ol Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 173 2000 PLUS / by John B. Harrell III Memory Management On the Model 2000

If you just bought a Model 2000 and started to run Basic programs on it, you might wonder what happened to all your memory. You're not alone in your bewilderment; the questions most frequently asked by Model 2000 owners concern the limits of the com- puter's memory. Several factors affect the space available for your programs. First, the 80186 processor uses segment address- es and displacements to address the entire 1M byte of memory. For exam- ple, a 16-bit segment address points to the segment's beginning and the com- puter multiplies the segment address

by 16 (shifted left by 4 bits) for each access to a location within the seg-

ment. The displacement is added to the result. The equation follows this format:

Segment address = E800H • 16 - > E800H you'll notice that running any large stamped disk mailer and disk and I'll Displacement = 0FA0H + OFAOH programs (including some of the write the source code and assembled

Absolute address - F.HFAOH Model I/1I1 software you transferred version to the disk. The offer is open using the Convert command from last to anyone using an MS-DOS-compati- Each segment is limited to a 16-bit month) requires 256K of memory. ble computer. Send the disk formatted displacement value, so a segment's to- for your computer if you don't own a tal available memory is 65,536 bytes IBM Compatibility Tandy 2000. (64K). The Basic interpreter works The Purge utility that appeared in The Model 2000 can write to an with only one segment for both data the September issue of 80 Micro as a IBM PC-formatted disk and an IBM and program storage. Your program's sidebar to 2000 Plus is great (p. 154). It PC can read it. You must write to a maximum available memory is also only lacks a wildcard or multiple file clean, formatted disk. Don't just erase 64K. Microsoft's Basic won't recog- purge function. all the files; reformat the disk using the nize any additional memory you in- A short batch file improves the ca- Format command. You can write to stall. The interpreter requires about pabilities of Purge using MS-DOS either the single-sided format or the 62K for some address space on a 256K system commands (see Fig. 1). KILL double-sided format. machine. .BAT lets you specify up to seven file names for a wildcard purge. The For 128K of Memory? statement executes the specified com- MS-DOS's Nested Directory Structure What about the memory considera- mand once for each element in the set. tions of the 128K Model 2000? Before The statement KILL*.BAS FC*.* de- MS-DOS has a nested directory you can load Basic, you have to load letes all the .BAS files in the current structure. This utility prevents you

MS-DOS. This consists of the two hid- directory, then it removes files begin- from transferring software without

den files (IO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS) ning with FC. first considering the disk structure.

that you list when you run CHKDSK A word of warning: HELP. BAT The nested directory feature lets the with the "/v" option. MS-DOS doesn't ask for any confirmation of operating system store directories 02.00.02 requires about 50K RAM. the file names before deleting them. within directories. On a hard disk sys- The Basic interpreter requires about Press control-C if you notice an error. tem, you can use this to your advan- 49K, leaving the remainder of 29K If you want a copy of this routine tage. available for the interpreter's work (modified to run on a hard disk sys- Using subdirectories and small space. But, using simple arithmetic tem), send me a self-addressed, batch files you can execute your pro-

174 • 80 Micro, November 1984

Scanned by Ira Goldklang - vwvw.lrs-80.com 2000 PLUS grams from the main directory. Figure requires 20 bits to represent the maxi- 2 demonstrates how to use the batch Have you noticed mum address (FFFFF hex). To do this file that's required to execute Word- with a machine that uses only 16-bit Perfect on the 2000. The batch file that some software addresses requires some complex op- correctly selects the cleanup opera- that's supposed to erations. tions required, and returns to the main Like several larger computers, the directory for another task. display bold characters Model 2000 uses segment registers to point to the starting address of a block I didn't clutter the main directory' on the screen with all the files on the MS-DOS mas- of code, data, and so on. The 2000 ter disk. By keeping the main directory actually makes the combines these 16-bit segment ad- dresses with a displacement within the simple, I can use it within any subdi- characters dimmer rectory. segment to form the effective address.

I solved the problem by copying all than the normal text? The machine multiplies the segment the MS-DOS files to another subdirec- address by 16 (shifting it left 4 bits), tory called /DOS. Then I built an AU- then adds it to the displacement. Open Access after using MultiMate one TOEXEC. BAT file that executes For example, if the segment register night without resetting the computer. whenever you boot the computer from contains 4F00 hex and the displace- Another bug in the earlier versions the hard disk that contains the follow- ment is 0123 hex, the 2000 multiplies of MS-DOS (prior to 02.00.02) is ex- ing command: PATH.:\C:DOS. MS- 4F00 hex by 10 hex (16) to get 4F000 plained by this Basic program: DOS searches the current directory for hex. Then it adds the result to 0123 hex the command and then searches the 10 SCREEN 3 for an effective address of 4F123 hex. /DOS subdirectory on drive C (the 20 CIRCLE (32O.200).5O,3 Table 1 is a sequence of Debug 30 CIRCLE (320.200). 100,3 hard disk). You can use the floppy commands that create a short ma- 40 PAINT (320,250),4,3 drive as the default drive and still ac- chine-language program. The pro- cess the any of appropriate MS-DOS Run this, and it draws two concen- gram sets a printer's line-feed byte cor- system routines the hard disk with- with on tric white circles filled red and re- rectly and automatically. The first out redefining the default drive. turns to the Basic OK prompt. The instruction (MOV AX,40) sets the AX earlier versions of MS-DOS won't per- register to the value 0040 hex, which Bugs in Model 2000 Software form this correctly and require a con- becomes the segment address. trol-C to interrupt the last statement. Have you noticed that some soft- The next instruction (MOV DS, ware that's supposed to display bold AX) sets the data segment register Permanent Fix intensity characters on the screen actu- A (DS) to the segment address from the contents of AX. The third instruction ally makes the characters dimmer than In the September column, I present- the normal text? This is caused by a ed a sequence of operations that you (MOV [DA], AH) moves the upper BIOS code bug. If you have Word- could use through Debug to operate a byte of the AX register (which con- Perfect, you can patch the BIOS code non-Radio Shack printer with the tains 00 hex from the first instruction) using the VIDPATCH routine. Model 2000. In case you don't remem- to the address pointed to by the DS Ever wonder why MultiMate ap- ber, you make the change by placing a segment register and the displacement peared on the shelves in Radio Shack 00 hexadecimal (hex) byte into abso- (DA hex). The last instruction (INT stores sporting MS-DOS 02.00.02? lute address 004DA hex. While this so- 20) is a programmable interrupt re- The MultiMate upgrade corrects the lution works, nobody likes to continu- turning control to MS-DOS. defective BIOS code of the earlier ver- ally load Debug and make this change The next Debug command sets the sion of MS-DOS. This defective BIOS for each disk swap. CX register to the byte count used in code is also responsible for the poorly I came up with a better solution. saving the program to a disk file. The underlined letters on WordPerfect, Some explanation of the 2000's 80186 N command sets the Debug file name, Open Access, and other program microprocessor addressing scheme and the W command writes the num- packages. I discovered the problem helps clarify it. The 80186 can address ber of bytes specified by the CX regis- with the BIOS code by trying to run up to 1 megabyte of memory, which ter to the file beginning at address

REM MS-DOS Multiple File Kill Procedure REM written by John B. Harrell, III REM REM Files to be purged are: CD \wordperf REM %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 PATH .;C:\dos REM vidpatch 1 PAUSE ***** Press CTRL-C to abort ***** wp ECHO OFF CD \ FOR %%F IN (%1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7) DO DEL %%F ECHO ON "Z Figure 2. This batch file starts WordPer- Figure /. batch file that the multiple kill A executes file procedure. fect.

80 Micro, November 1984 • 175 Reader Service Number P«0* Reader Service Number Page Reader Service Number Page

236 A&JMIcroDrlves 94 103 Good Software Corp 193 324 Pel/Tek 32 166 A & J Micro Orives 94 355 HDP 171 143 Perry Computers 145 50 Accupressure Point Products 206 9 H&EComputronlcs Clll.85,87,89 124 Perry Computers 139 233 AddmasterCorp 205 120 Handy & Associates 83 176 Personal Computer Products 140 82 Aerocomplnc 132. 133 455 Hard Drive Specialists 156, 157 290 Pickles &Trout 4 215 Alcor Systems 121 61 Harmon Hardwares Supply 206 170 Portable Computer Support 129 136 Allen Gelder Software 96 66 Hi Desert Software 207 306 Powersoft 7, 58 140 Allied Systems Co 207 175 HoweSoftware 79 260 Pro/Am 153 476 Alpha Bit Comm.. Inc 119.171.176 321 Humphrey Instruments 149 76 Producer. The 20 17 Alpha Products Company 15,17,19 46 Hypersoft 105 449 Prof Jones/Frogg House 73 99 Alpha Technology 105 425 Indiana Software Development 171 248 Programmer and Associates 75 374 Alps 82 284 Infocom 37 42 Programming & Systems Mgmt 91 303 Alternate Choice, The 71 222 International Software 2000 160 91 Prosoft 9 342 Amherst Equipment Corp 63 148 Intelligent Technologies Co 167 30 Prosoft 10,11 141 Amtek Software Products 23 101 J & M Systems 51 1 Prosoft 60 390 Applied Microsystems Inc 95 126 J M G Software Int'l 56 2 Prosoft 61 3 Argonaut 187 177 JSoft 206 51 Prosoft 207 102 Armstrong Genealogical Systems 205 52 J Star Enterprises 205 69 Protectall Corp 207 383 Astro-Star Enterprises 161 534 Jameco Electronics 63 206 Protecto Enterprizes 142, 143 16 Autospec 172 244 Jaste Enterprises Inc 141 194 Quant Systems 190 152 BCCOMPCO 185 420 Justin Inc 190 117 Quick Labels Systems 141 300 BT Enterprises 53 485 Kalglo Electronic Co. Inc 184 75 Radio Shack/Tandy CM, 1 • Beck Mfg 155 331 KSoft 130 234 Rapidynamlc Software Inc 190 180 Bill Cole Enterprises Inc 103 462 Langley-St. Clair, Inc CIV 253 Rapldynamic Software Inc 105 381 BodexCorp 119 73 Larry Folts Computing 207 129 Remsoft Inc 84 280 Centronics 74 388 Linear Software 127 265 Ridge-Tech 91 100 Clinical Reference System 3 161 Logical Place/K & S Comp. Ser 161 83 Robert Nicolai 206 86 Compulogic 202 131 Logical Systems 198 343 Rogo Computer Products 141 365 Compusoft Publishing 105 261 Logical Systems 93 53 Rose Electronics 205 119 Computents 121 301 Logical Systems 34 368 Safeware 130 133 Computer Discount of America 104 115 Lynn Computer Service 76 203 Scientific Engineering Lab 206 357 Computer Friends 118 1 12 Joe Lynn 177 22 Soft Place. The 1 47 18 Computer Plus 69 527 Magicomp 167 1 16 Sot ironies Comp. Systems 119 94 Computrol 103 250 Marymac 83 104 Software Factory. The 206 190 Creative Computer 126 146 MayComputing 91 360 Software Products Infl 114,115 223 Crest Software 172 165 MCTel 59 ' Software Support 64, 66 • Curtis Mfg. Co. Inc 42, 43 111 McSystems 205 64 Southworth Company. The 207 239 D & A Research 149 149 Micro Architect Inc 206 43 Star Software Co 166 27 Design Software 207 * Micro Data Supplies 25,26,27,28 39 Starbuck Data Co 207 282 DFW Computer Center 83, 203 409 Micro Design 30 71 Subloglc Communications Corp 120 183 Diaz Enterprises 184 463 Micro Design 31 285 Sun Research Inc 187 367 Digital Images 205 157 Micro-Images 124 89 Sun Software 205 204 Diskcount Data 106, 107 464 Micro-Labs Inc 199 456 Sunlock Systems 183 • Diskette Connection 202 526 Micro Software Systems 41 266 T/Maker 2 48 Disks-N-Data 77 380 Microtech Exports Inc 187 189 TabSales 147 62 Displayed Video 122, 123 137 Miller Microcomputer Services 135 347 Talley Communications 141 ' 80 Micro 317 Mlmar Inc 161 59 Texas Computer Systems 99 Advertising Ad 197 411 Montezuma Micro 111 81 Total Access 67 Christmas Subscriptions 49 416 Montezuma Micro 117 67 TPS Micro 207 Dealer Sell 197 475 Montezuma Micro 144 227 Trlsoft 196 80 MICRO Subscriptions 33 * Mumford Micro Systems 75 32 TVGSystems 153 Hot CoCo Subscriptions 131 379 Nautilus Computers 63 169 Unicom Software 147 Load 80 97 * New Classics Software 66 * Vespa Computer Outlet 151 MailingUst 63 55 Newsoft 188 19 Walk Soft Programming 173 Moving 183 232 Nocona Electronics 108 68 Wayne Green Books Subscription problems 206 54 Nodvill Software 141 Intro to Data Files 161,171 125 E-CData 200 541 Northern Technology Corp 77 Low Cost Costing 173,197 216 EAPCo 149 95 Northwest Computer Algorithms 121 Programs for Elec. Circuit Des 183 85 Educational Microsystems 71 127 Noteworthy Software Inc 205 Rest of 80 173 45 Electric Webster 103 * NRI Schools 101 Speech Systems 195 144 Elek-Tek, Inc 62 36 Omnlsoft Research 77 TRS-80/Z80 All 163 105 Embassy Home Entertainment 179 195 Omnltek Computers Int'l 188 WGE Book Page 189 214 Fori Worth Computers 71,201 151 Orion Instruments 102 87 Welsh Systems 75 496 Good Software Corp 191 207 Pacific Exchanges 141, 206 93 Wlldwood Data Systems 82 37 Wiley Inc 153 123 Wilson Technical Services 205 279 Zygotron 141

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176 • 80 Micro, November 1984 2000 PLUS

0100 hex in the current code segment. New Software for the 2000

I saved the program under the name Despite the slow start in November, SOFTWARE of ADDLF.COM, and you can the Model 2000's picking up momen- wish of choose any name you in place tum in the software market (see Table in command. the one used the N Now 2). Radio Shack released two surpris- you can automatically install the patch PRICE WAR es: Lotus 1-2-3 and SuperCalc III. by including ADDLF in the AUTO- Both packages make use of the Model ANY SYSTEM ONLY EXEC.BAT file; your Model 2000 2000's advanced hardware features. will run ADDLF.COM every time you Radio Shack's Express Order Soft- reset it. ware's growing, too. I wasn't sure that this concept would be popular, be- cause of the difficulty in convincing $24.95 people unfamiliar with software prod- Command Comments ucts to buy them without prior dem- Debug Invoke MS-DOS's dy- AVAILABLE: onstration. I was wrong. Express Or- namic debugging envi- der Software has many new packages • PAYROLL ronment to allow en- LYNN'S SYSTEM currently available on short delivery tering ADDLF.COM. • schedule from your local Radio Shack LYNN'S ACC. RECEIVABLE Begin assembling sym- stores: Open Access, EasyWriter I, bolic machine instruc- •LYNN'S CHECK REGISTER tions into location T/Maker, and others. • 0100 hex of the cur- With this support and support of LYNN'S TRSDOS UTILITY rent code segment. other software houses, success for this • A100 Begin assembling sym- superior machine's assured. Soon, LYNN'S E-Z MAIL bolic machine instruc- Ovation and MS-Windows should be All lyatema are on a TRSDOS 1.3 diskette ready to run on a TRSM Modal III or Modal IV In III Mod*. tions into location available for the 2000, increasing the 0100 hex of the cur- power and versatility of this machine. rent code segment. ALSO MOV AX.40 Load the AX register Next Month, Word Processors • with the segment ad- VERRATIM DISKETTES Next month I'll compare the word dress 0040 hex. Note (MD 525-01 SS/DD) processing software available for the that the code segment per plastic address displayed Tandy 2000. Find the one that's right ONLY box of 10 (0E56 hex) might be for you. $25 different in your ma- JOE LYNN chine. Write to John B. Harrell III c/o this MOV DS.AX Load the data segment column, 80 Micro, 80 Pine St., Peter- COMPUTER SERVICES with address the seg- borough, NH 03458 or via Compu- 23501 W. Gagne Lane ment address in AX. Serve at 73016,1326. MOV [DA],AH Move the upper byte Plainfield, I L 60544 of AX (containing 00 815/436-4477 hex) to address OODA hex of the data seg- PLEASE SEND ME: ment. Open Access LYNN'S PAYROLL SYSTEM INT 20 Return to MS-DOS Software Products International D LYNN'S ACCOUNT RECEIVABLE via system call. 10240 Sorrento Valley Road LYNNS CHECK REGISTER SYSTEM Press the enter key Exit machine-language San Diego. CA 92121 LYNN'S TRSDOS UTILITY PROGRAMS assembler. Available through EOS D LYNN'S E-Z MAIL SYSTEM RCX Display and modify $595 D VERBATIM DISKETTES register CX. D MS-DOS Version 02.00.02 D I'M INTERESTED -SEND ME MORE INFO. 80 Set the CX register to Radio Shack Computer Centers 80 hex (128), the num- Catalog number 700-6201 Please Include S3 00 Shipping (plus $1.65 if COD) ber of bytes to write Free upgrade Illinois residents add 6v«4b sales tax to file. WordPerfect 5S surcharge for credit card orders NADDLF.COM Identify the file as Total amount enclosed ADDLF.COM. Software International 288 W. Center St. W Write the file to the CHECK/MO DVISA MC Orem. UT 84057 D COD disk. $445 CARD # EXP. Q Quit and return to MS-DOS. Lotus 1-2-3 SIGNATURE. Radio Shack Computer Centers NAME. Catalog number 26-5300 Table 1. Sequence of commands to create $495 ADDRESS. ADDLF.COM, a program that prevents re- CITY STATE movat of linefeeds sent to the printer. You must terminate all entries in the command Table 2. Model 2000 software product ZIP .PHONE

column by pressing the enter key. listing. JOE LYNN COMPUTER SERVICES ' 1 12 23501 W. Gagne Lana, Plainfield, IL 60544

See List ot Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 177 REVIEWS

Continued from 40 p. ond in standard pitch, up to 132 char- is temporary. The line feed code is ter- acters per line and 12, 6, or 8 lines per minated by the next line feed or a new The DMP-420 inch (computer selectable). It has an code. 8-bit, 8-bit parallel interface and an The graphics mode is strictly for

600 or 1,200 bits-per-second serial in- graphs or pictures. It prints only bit- At $999, the DMP-420 is at the top terface. matrix graphics and doesn't accept end of the under-$ 1,000 Radio Shack You can start printing as soon as characters or standard line-feed codes. printers. It has excellent print quality insert the paper. The DMP-420 you You can choose from four print plus other handy features, such as single-sheet or tractor-feed paper uses fonts and three character widths. Each 132-column printing, super-/sub- from 4 to 15 inches wide. You can re- font style has a unique dot-matrix pat- scripting, Kana characters, and bold move the tractor-feed mechanism tern. The standard font uses a 9- by print. single sheets, but that's when you use 8-dot matrix, the correspondence-qual- optional. Physical Description and Set-up ity font uses a 15- by 8-dot matrix, the The 420 provides three tests to veri- proportional one uses a variable-dot The DMP-420 is 6.3 inches high by fy proper functioning of the printer by 8-dot matrix (depending on the let- 25.6 inches long by 13.6 inches deep and two of them are performed ter), and block graphics uses a 6- by 6- and weighs about 35 pounds. Its con- without the computer. One tests car- dot matrix. trol panel has on/off line, form feed, riage movement and the other repeat- line feed, 1/12 line feed, down 1/12 You can print the standard and up edly prints the 96 ASCII characters. line feed, and reset buttons. block graphics fonts in all three char- The third test sends data to the Probably the most confusing part acter widths, normal (10 cpi), com- printer using a computer program. cpi), condensed (6.7 of setting up the DMP-420 is remov- pressed (12 and The Hex Print mode prints the data in cpi). correspondence-quality font ing it from the box, because it's so se- The hexadecimal, letting you verify exactly curely packed and protected. Radio prints at normal width, and the pro- Shack provides a sheet of instructions portional font prints at normal or con- on how to unpack and repack the densed width (the cpi would vary be- printer, and the front cardboard pro- The front cardboard cause of the variable letter width). tector has removal instructions at- You can print any of the fonts in protector includes tached to it. Unfortunately, you have elongated (twice the normal width) or to partially remove the cardboard be- removal instructions. bold (double strike) format, but you fore you can read the instructions. can't print them both elongated and Unfortunately, you have Once you get it unpacked, however, bold. the remaining set-up is quick. The to remove the cardboard You can set a rotary switch on the manual fully describes each aspect of left front inside of the printer for the the printer with illustrations and text. before you can desired cpi when the printer is turned You attach a paper guide to the back, read the instructions. on. A software command code over- insert the ribbon cartridge, connect rides the set cpi.

the printer cable, and plug it in. The standard or modified ASCII A set of eight DIP switches on the characters are available, as well as a set back of the printer lets you choose be- what information the printer receives, of 30 block graphics and 25 European tween serial or parallel input, 600 or including control codes. or Kana symbol codes. Control codes

1,200 bits-per-second serial input, The actual printing noise is less than provide underline, superscript and word processing mode or data pro- the DMP-110 and DMP-120, but subscript, repeat and backspace capa-

cessing mode on power-up, ASCII or there is quite a "klunky" sound with bility. Backspace is accomplished by

modified ASCII characters, European each line feed. Printing speed is signif- dot columns allowing designing and or Kana characters, line-feed options, icantly faster than the other two print- printing of special characters. and DMP-420 or LP-VI modes. Some ers. According to our timing test, the The Documentation of the DMP-420 commands are differ- DMP-420 is twice as fast as the ent from those of the LP-VI. If your DMP-120 and three times as fast as Most of the manual is clear and easy software uses LP-VI commands, you the DMP-110. to understand but doesn't include an can set the appropriate DIP switch on The three printing modes are data index. Although there are several

the DMP-420 so it can accept the LP- processing, word processing, and small programs to demonstrate the use VI commands. graphics. The data processing mode of the printer, we would prefer better

Fortunately, you wouldn't have to prints the fastest and is best for print- explanation of the programs, especial- change the rotary switch or DIP ing program listings and data. The ly in the graphics area. The graphics switches very often. They're hard to printer puts a line-feed code into effect demonstrations are of poor quality reach and so small it's almost impossi- at the end of the line being printed and and do little to show you how to de- ble to set them by hand; you really stays in effect until a new line feed sign and use the excellent graphics ca-

need a set of miniature tools. code is received. pability of this printer. The word processing mode has bet- This manual also contains sections Specifications ter quality print and is better suited to on care and maintenance, potential Bidirectional carriage motion prints letter-writing and text. A line- feed problems, interface information, and

approximately 140 characters per sec- code is put into effect immediately and a schematic diagram.

178 • 80 Micro, November 1984 .

WE'LL PUT YOU ON THE SAME WAVELENGTH WITH YOUR RADIO SHACK' TRS-80 MODEL 4.

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-- See List ol Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 179 REVIEWS

Wrap-Up Each of the modules operates with- entire procedure with the press of a

In choosing a printer, you must care- in a window on the video screen and single key. acti- fully consider just what features are im- different areas of a module can display infor- portant for you. If you just want good vate overlay windows to Information Management mation on system options or module quality print on regular size paper and Probably the most attractive feature commands. have little or no need for super-/sub- of Open Access's data-base-manage- scripting, then the DMP-420 may be ment program is its simple command printer for your needs. If Global Features too much syntax. In ease of use, it even super- however, with you need a machine Open Access provides several global sedes that of dBase II. these kinds of capabilities, and are features you can access from any of its The commands are based on the key willing to spend some time learning modules, including a Help screen. words From, Select, Where, and how to use it, then the DMP-420 is an When you invoke this screen, a win- Order. You specify the data-base file excellent printer to consider. dow opens on the display describing from which you want to retrieve infor- the module or program mode in which mation with From, use Select to indi- you're working. You use any of the ar- cate specific fields, Where delimits row keys or other movement com- your search criteria, and Order deter- Open Access: mands to move through the help in- mines the sort sequence. You can formation. search up to five independent data All Together Now In addition to the Help text win- bases for specified information. Table dow, pressing the Fl key a second time 2 provides specifications for the infor-

by John B. HarreU III opens a window describing all the mation management module. Open Access function keys and the The record-selection process devel- assigned those ops a virtual data base of all relevant Open Access is an integrated pack- Tandy 2000 keys to age for the Model 2000 that functions. Pressing the escape key records. You can manipulate this data neatly combines a data base, a spread- (ESC) returns you to the last window base as you would any other, includ- sheet, word processing, graphics, time opened. ing inserting information into reports management, communications, and If a file currently exists on your and letters or sending data to another utilities in a single, cohesive package. disk, the Search option displays a se- module. It's become one of my favorite soft- lected directory corresponding to the Data-base fields can have much

ware packages and I continually use it module you're in. If you're in the more sophisticated attributes associat- in preference to other programs. word processor, Open Access displays ed with them than the normal charac- Open Access's seven modules oper- only files with .TXT and .DOC exten- ter, number, or logical fields. Addi- ate within the main "shell" of the sys- sions. Once you highlight a file name tional field attributes include date and tem. You boot up Open Access, type with the cursor, you press the "do" decimal (contains a real number). in the date, and select one of the mod- (F12) or return key to call up a file More important, you can specify ules from the main menu. After you name. You can't, however, call up a "Must Match" fields in the data base. run that module, you save your data full directory or determine the file The Must Match feature provides a to disk and either run another module sizes from within the word processor. safeguard against erroneously enter- or exit the system. A macro definition feature is avail- ing data. For instance, say you have able in all modules. This lets you pro- two independent data-base files, one gram repetitive keystrokes and invoke with customer information (name, ad- Open Access them at any time. With this feature, dress, balance, and so on), and anoth- anyone can accomplish even sophisti- er with order information (customer ***** cated tasks by pushing the macro but- name, product number, purchase ton, selecting the Execute option, and order number, etc.). Software Products International typing in a name. In fact, you can Now you want to record a custom- 10240 Sorrento Valley Road assign the proper keystrokes to one of er's order in the Orders data base. By San Diego, CA 92121 Match option, Available through Radio Shack the user-defined keys and execute the specifying the Must Express Order System

Tandy Model 2000 256K RAM Maximum number of data bases open at a time 5 Two disks or hard disk Maximum number of records per file 32,000 Graphics and color (optional) Maximum number of fields per record 55 $595 Maximum number of key fields per record 15 Maximum record size in bytes 1,024 Maximum number of characters in text field (key) 40 Easy to use? ***** Maximum number of characters in text field (non-key) 59 Good docs? •••-fr^r Maximum number of significant digits 18 Maximum number of search conditions 64 Bug free? ***** Maximum number of sort fields 15 Does the job? ****-& Table 2. Information Management specifications.

180 • 80 Micro, November 1984 REVIEWS

Open Access will cross-check the must-match fields of related data While most spreadsheets offer a standard bases; that is, it checks fields common to related files. In this case, it checks number of rows and columns, few of the Customer data base to see if the name of the customer you're entering them let you use the entire sheet at once. in the Orders file matches a name in Open Access doesn't have this limitation. the Customer file. If it doesn't, the Must Match window appears on the screen, highlighting the name closest to that you entered in the Orders data current record. The left window dis- The spreadsheet module also lets

base. At this point, you can scroll plays the information from all of the you name cell values (similar to Multi-

through the customer data base in the records in the file sorted into ascend- Plan) with one significant exception: Must Match window to see if you've ing order. Cursor positioning controls One named value can index another.

simply made a spelling error or you let you select any record by highlight- This provides an exceptionally power-

can insert the missing name in the Cus- ing the appropriate entry in the left ful means of manipulating data. For

tomer data base. window or display a list of other field example, the area of the sheet named You can sort fields in the data base contents by highlighting the appropri- REVNUES is indexed by YRS. There- by more than one criteria, too. Say ate field name in the right window. fore, you can make a reference to you have a file listing all the executives REVNUES(1984) and selectively call of a major corporation and their sala- Spreadsheet the data in the REVNUES cell for this ries. You could sort the file not only year. The spreadsheet module included by company vice presidents but by with Open Access offers all the The spreadsheet module provides VPs that make over $60,000 annually. functions of advanced spreadsheets formatting capabilities for each cell to Also, you can retrieve records with plus a few extras: virtual memory for enhance your printed output. You fields that fall within a range you spec- the worksheet and goal-seeking (see have full control over the way Open ify. In the above example, you could Table 3). Access displays numerical data, in- retrieve files on company vice presi- While most spreadsheets offer a cluding several ways to display nega- dents that make $30,000 to $60,000. standard number of rows and col- tive numbers (with the + / - symbol,

The Information Management umns, very few of them let you use the parenthesis, or a credit/debit nota- module uses screen and print masks to entire sheet at once. MultiPlan, for ex- tion). You can also print each cell indi- display information from the data ample, provides over 16,000 cells but vidually in boldface, underlined, or base in a user-defined format. The requires that your sheet be resident in italics if your printer supports these screen masks appear for data entry or memory at once. Consequently, features. information while the print display, you're limited by the amount of main The only drawback to Open Ac- masks appear only on reports. Masks memory available. cess's spreadsheet Is its slowness com- can use a number of selection criteria Open Access doesn't have this pared to dedicated spreadsheets. Also, to guarantee that only the appropriate limitation because the worksheet is the spreadsheet doesn't contain cursor information is displayed. In addition paged to and from the disk as re- positioning commands to allow rapid to selection dependencies, you can use quired, letting you manipulate the en- paging through the worksheet. You masks to join files together to select in- tire 64,800-cell work area. must depend on the repeating arrow formation from a virtual data base. The goal-seeking feature allows for keys to correctly position the cursor or Information Management offers a backward solution to a problem. remember the cell location and use the powerful Browse option. This option Specify the calculation results or target GOTO command. displays information from a single file values you want to achieve and the de- in the data base in two windows. The pendent variables you want manipu- right window displays the field names lated, and Open Access calculates the Word Processor of the file along with the data from the necessary values. Open Access contains complete text editing and word processing capabili- ties that offer most of the features of a dedicated software package. You can Maximum number of rows 3,000 copy text (internally to a current file Maximum number of columns 216 and externally from data files, in- Maximum number of usable spreadsheet entries 648,000 cluding from other modules), find and Maximum number of screen windows 6 replace text, and select printer features Maximum number of simultaneous models on screen 4 with an on-screen display of the Maximum number of divisional levels for consolidation 7 boldface, underlining, and italics at- Maximum number of branches for each division 30 tributes. Maximum number of consolidated models over 25,000,000 While the word processor module is Maximum number of named areas 116 easy to use, it's also the source of some

Table 3. Spreadsheet specifications. of Open Access's more noticeable lim- itations. You can't really describe

80 Micro, November 1984 • 181 REVIEWS

them as bugs, but you could consider This filing system provides a quick them design deficiencies. method of tracking your contacts. The First of all, you're limited to a docu- You can route graphics name/address file is maintained as a ment width of 80 characters. This pre- normal data base and you can access it cludes processing many documents printouts to a disk file with the information management that exceed this carriage width. If you and include them module. The only difficulty here lies in have a printer with a 15-inch carriage, the lack of a screen mask file, which is for example, you could print a maxi- in a text file normally created automatically when mum of 255 characters on a line in the within the word processing you build a new data-base file. I over- 17 characters-per-inch mode. But with came this problem by creating a dum- Open Access, your video screen is lim- module for printing my data-base file with the appropriate ited to a maximum of 78 visible char- screen mask and then copying my with your correspondence. acters (the window border graphics name and address data base over the use two characters). dummy data base. Second, your document size can't exceed the buffer's capacity of 31,500 Communications characters. This is approximately 10 Slide option. Open Access saves the The Open Access communications pages of single-spaced text (54 lines of graph and lets you recall it instantly at module proved effective in telecom- 60 characters per line). More impor- a future date. You can even sequen- munications. tant, you can't chain document files to tially combine these graphs to simulate Like the printer support, the com- produce documents longer than this a slide show, a feature for busi- munications module uses modem defi- length. Because of this limitation, handy ness presentations. The slide system nition files to define your current Open Access isn't suitable for an envi- allows a maximum of 32 slides. Each modem/RS-232 port configuration. It ronment where you would use it pri- slide takes approximately bytes supports auto-dialing, and the defini- marily for word processing. 96K (that's right nearly a hundred thou- tion files already contain the configu- The last drawback to the word pro- — sand bytes) of disk space, so a single rations for the Hayes Smart Modem cessing module is the lack of a spelling floppy disk can effectively handle only 300 and 1200. Each modem definition checker. A spelling checker with a six slides. file contains its own directory of modest-sized dictionary is a must. You can print out this video presen- phone numbers. This is particularly tation with a graphics printer. Open nice if you access several commercial Graphics Access already supports many printers information services that use different Open Access's color graphics are and it's easy to configure others. You baud rates and protocols. something to behold, and they're easy can also route graphics printouts to a The communications software lets to develop. Your first graphics presen- disk file and include them in a text file you upload and download text and bi- tation in the introductory section of within the word processing module for nary files. The module doesn't provide

the manual is a multicolored three-di- printing with your correspondence. error-checking protocol, but it sup-

mensional bar chart. I was able to print out my first ports full XON/XOFF handshaking

Three-dimensional plotting is the graph on my Okidata Microline 92 for a file transfer. most complex of the graphics figures within five minutes of starting the Open Access also supports commu-

and it produces a beautiful bar chart. graphics introduction. This also point- nications with another computer di- But you can also produce simple pie, ed out a problem in the printer defini- rectly in either the master or slave line, or bar charts. And you can com- tion file for the Microline 92. I had to modes. You can use this module to bine line and bar charts to display up change the graphics-initialize code to control another computer or have an- to 30 "positions" (a single data value) allow 72 by 72 dots-per-inch printing. other computer take direct control of on up to 30 "levels" (collections of Circles do not print well with an aspect yours. groups of positions, e.g., financial in- ratio different from 1:1. formation for an entire year may com- Documentation Time Management prise one level) on an overlay graph. With any complex system, docu-

You can combine line, bar, and pie Time Management is a real time- mentation is particularly important. charts to display the same 30 levels of saver for an office manager who has My first impression of Open Access's

data in separate windows, each having to track many tasks or appointments. software package was "Where am I a different graph type with different A perfect example where the Time going to put all this?" colors. Management module would excel In addition to the software disks,

In addition to creating graphs, you is a doctor's office. Time Manage- you receive the following manuals: a can select from a full range of colors, ment schedules appointments, prints pocket reference guide, key descrip- texture, and physical characteristics of reminder notes by day, prints out tion cards, softkey overlays, license the plotted data. Three-dimensional schedules, and even tells you of any agreement, the Getting Started manu- plots let you control the tilt and rota- conflicts. Time Management even al, User Manual, Reference Manual, tion of the graph and you can specify manages multiple schedules, limited and the index.

the content of the top, side, and labels only by available disk space. The Getting Started manual is ex- (including the colors). Another valuable part of this mod- ceptional. The first chapter provides a You can save any graph with the ule is the rotary name and address file. system overview, including instruc-

182 • 80 Micro, November 1984 PRINTER SALE CIRCUIT $189 ML 80 Features •80cps unidirectional printing DESIGN • 80 columns standard. 1 i2 condensed •TRS-80 character set •Graphics 64 block shapes • Long lite. 7- pin print head, MADE EASY warranted tor one full year • Friction & pin paper feeds • Parallel Centronics interface Use your microcomputer and Programs for Elec- tronic Circuit Design to help you select the correct OKIDATA value lor each component in an electronic circuit. The programs arc adaptable to most microcomputer SUNLOCK SYSTEMS systems and arc also available on disk for the Apple. 4217 Carolina Ave Richmond. IBM PC and TRS-SO. The thirteen programs can be Va 23222 PRINTER used individually, or they can be combined, using a ADDITIONAL SPECIALS Epson Okidata Brother master menu, as explained in the lx>ok. 15 $479 CItoh 8510 $359 RX80 $299 ML82 $349 Brother 25 739 CItoh F10 1099 Topics covered include: 80FT 369 ML83 569 Gemini 10X 279 Sv.Reed 500 429 • resistor, capacitor and inductor circuits RX100 529 ML84 975 Man/Tal 80 319 Diablo 620 949 • circuits that have combinations oi resistors, ca- FX80 479 ML92 429 flume H40 1349 NEC 2000 849 pacitors and inductors FX100 649 ML93 699 SCM TP-2+ 449 NEC 3510 1499 • series and parallel circuits TO ORDER CALL TOLL 800-368-9191 • voltage dividers FREE In Virginia call 804 321 9191 • impedance and frequency We accept MasterCard. Visa and CODs • phase angles • operational amplifiers • transistor circuits Let us know 8 weeks in advance so thai you won't Programs jot Electronic Circuit miss a single issue of 80 Micro. Attach old label 1 hsi^n where indicated and print new address in Da\ id Leithauser space provided. Also include your $14.95 ISBN 0-88006-068 9 mailing label whenever you softcover 7 In 9 approx. 100 pp. 1984 BK7400 write concerning your sub-

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Send me copies i>t Program for Electronic Circuit Design If you have no label handy, print OLD address here. (BK7400) .it $14.95 each. Send me packages for the Apple Name II. II Plus. Il«- (CC740011); pac-kam* for tlu- IBM PC so (CC740012): packages for the TRS Model I/Modd III Address n24 2 (< :< 740013) at .97 each. Shipping and handling is $1.50 tor the first Item; $1.00 lor each additional Item. E City State. -Zip_ u. Card Expiration date < Print NEW address here.

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• See List ot Advertisers on Page 1 76 80 Micro. November 1984 • 183 REVIEWS

tions on backing up the disks (and Other Complaints transferring them to the hard disk) Two BIOS problems contribute to and how to create a self-booting The user manual difficulty with Open Access. There is a system disk. contains information problem with spacing on non-Radio The next chapter contains the sys- Shack line printers. This month's 2000 on every aspect tem's demonstration. This is your first of Plus column (p. 174) provides a patch solves this problem. use of Open Access and it doesn't re- the system. I needed that quire any experience. The manual The other BIOS problem concerns takes two evenings to you through the demo step by underlining on the video screen. In step, providing computer-generated complete the tutorial. MS-DOS versions earlier than responses and answers. 02.00.02, underlining would destroy The last part of the manual contains the bottom of the letters. Version information for customization: se- 02.00.02 cures this. first chapter, I had a high degree of lecting or adding an unconfigured I was surprised that Software Prod- confidence in the tutorial information. printer, how to set up your own work ucts International didn't include the Then, when I hit a snag, I only had to disks, and advanced uses of the system option to print sideways down the study the tutorial to discover where I utilities. page for graphics displays and wide went wrong. user manual contains detailed spreadsheets. I can't dump the entire The The overall low mark in the docu- tutorial information on every aspect screen to my Microline 92 because of mentation is the reference manual. My of the system. Plan on getting several the 8 Vi -inch effective print length and expectations were dashed when I cold beers lined up in the refrigerator 72 dots-per-inch graphics capabilities. opened it and found only general in- It This yields 612 dots falls short of before starting these sessions. took formation about the system, instead and me two evenings of concerted effort to the dot length of a screen line (640 of the detailed technical information I complete the tutorial. dots). had expected. Consequently, it was The most pleasant part of the ses- hard to determine things such as maxi- Also missing is the ability to spool sions was that everything worked—no mum spreadsheet size and limitations output to the printer. The computer is mistakes or wrong turns. After the of the word processor. tied up and unavailable the entire time

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you are printing. This would be a where documents of any magnitude you can write complex functions that

welcome addition. are processed. It just isn't capable of directly access the computer's hard- One last complaint—Open Access handling the job. And if spreadsheet ware, something you'd normally have doesn't let you execute any DOS com- speed or large printed graphics are re- to resort to Assembly language to do. mand from within the system. You quired, then the system does have its must exit the system and then return to shortcomings. perform any command whose func- tion is not provided in Open Access. Alcor C Language In Conclusion Compiler Learning a New Language Is Open Access worth it? In order to approach its capabilities, you would With Akor's C Compiler **** need to purchase the following pack- Alcor Systems ages: dBase II ($595), MultiPlan by John B. HaireD III 13534 Preston Road ($249), WordStar ($495), and Video- Suite 365 tex Plus ($49.95) for a total of $1,389. Alcor's C compiler is a superior Dallas. TX 75240

You still wouldn't have graphics capa- product and a welcome addition Models I and in, 48K RAM bility and the above software packages to my software library. While its docu- Model 4, 64K RAM don't communicate with each other. mentation could be better organized, Two disk drives (preferred) $249.95 Even with the limitations men- it nevertheless gives you a well-round- tioned throughout the review, Open ed foundation in the C language. Access provides more features than Alcor C gives you an alternative to Easy to use? the packages mentioned for the same Pascal, Assembly language, and Basic, •***tr

price as dBase II alone. providing the structure and power of Good docs? ••••# However, Open Access is definitely Pascal with the manipulative capabili- Bug free? ••••«&

not for everyone. I certainly could not ties of Assembly language and the Does the job? ***-&-& recommend it to anyone who planned logic of Basic. Even though C is a

to use it as the sole word processor medium-level programming language,

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• See List of Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 185 REVIEWS

The Software Package required. If your program uses other functions, you The software comes on two disks The Blaise II editor separately compiled have to use LINKLOAD to link all (Model I users will find four single- with the that comes routines the appropriate system density disks). The package includes a and functions together. LINKLOAD also Blaise editor, the C compiler itself, a C compiler is excellent. saves the entire program and all linked linkage editor, run-time libraries, an One of its exceptional with run-time environ- advanced development package, and functions the ment as an executable command file. full documentation. The disks also features is its ability The compiler system is supported contain the source code for some of to reconfigure itself by seven libraries of functions: the sys- the more esoteric C functions, such as tem library contains the run-time sys- printing and scanning and the C li- through a terminal tem interface routines and low-level C brary. definition file functions; CLIB contains most of the standard C library functions; PRINTF The Text Editor created with the and SCANF contain the object code with The Blaise II editor that comes editor's SETEDIT utility. for those respective functions; TRS- the C compiler is excellent. You use it LIB provides functions for those when you initially type in your pro- features common to the Model 4 or gram or edit a program you've previ- TRSDOS 6.X; Random supports ran- duce most of the compiler-generated ously typed in. dom-access file input and output; overhead in the p-code program. One of the editor's exceptional fea- Strings contains the dynamic string- Alternatively, you can use ADP's tures is its ability to reconfigure itself handling routines. CODEGEN (code-generator) utility. through a terminal definition file Alcor has imposed a unique restric- It takes a p-code object file and writes created with the editor's SETEDIT tion on the C language. C specifies a machine-language file from it. This utility. Not only does this file contain that any function returning a result produces a file that executes three to the key definitions for the normal edi- other than an integer must be specifi- five times faster than the original ob- redefine tor commands, but you can cally declared by type in the external ject code. However, the translated any key. For added power, you can declarations of the calling routine. output file isn't a true machine-execut- develop macros and assign them to Alcor's implementation of this re- able file. Close examination reveals can chain nest any key, and you and quirement is to invent a new data type, that CODEGEN controls its environ- one macro to another. The documen- called Void, for those functions not ment closely and toggles into the inter- tation's sample editor setup file dem- returning any value. 1 found this pretive mode when it must execute a onstrates many SETEDIT features. limitation the single most limiting fac- function too complex for in-line code The editor's text buffer is limited to tor in transporting software from oth- generation. When finished, it toggles approximately 15,000 characters. Not er C compilers. back to the host mode for execution. a large program by some standards, The compiler, optimizer, and code but adequate when you consider that Documentation generator all have a serious common C demands modular development. Al- deficiency. While each outputs code as No software package of this magni- cor C fully supports modular program an ASCII character file, each hexadec- tude is any good without adequate compilation and separate file linking imal byte is represented by two ASCII documentation to back it up. Alcor C with the linkage editor. characters! Simple arithmetic tells you has the documentation to support all that any sizeable program will use up facets of the system's operations. The Compiler System the remainder of your disk space The documentation is contained in The Alcor C compiler reads source quickly—you'd need 20K bytes to a large (9- by 12-inch) three-ring code and generates an object file in store a 10K program. binder in a shelf storage box. This p-code. After this translation, you can The Alcor C compiler itself doesn't sturdy exterior contains a wealth of execute the p-code file directly or generate true machine-executable code documentation —over 500 pages of

through what Alcor calls its Advanced as do most others. The most obvious detailed description of the compiler

Development Package (ADP). With result of this is slower execution. Per- system and text editor, complete for

ADP, you can use an Optimize utility sonally, I feel this is far offset by the beginners to advanced users. that further processes the p-code, re- ability to link C language routines with The manual is divided into six sec- moving all redundancies in the first- Pascal, Basic (compiled with Alcor's tions: one for beginners, one on the generation object code (this generates MultiBASIC compiler), or Assembly editor, a system section, a tutorial, a a file up to 30 percent smaller than the language (assembled with Alcor's as- reference division, and an explanation original object file). An optimized file sembler). All these language transla- of the Advanced Development Pack- generally runs faster than the original tors generate identical object files and age. The beginner's section takes you p-code version. are compatible with one another. through the steps necessary to create

The optimization is generally peep- You can compile and run many your working compiler system's disks.

hole—it looks only at the code and the programs right away. If your routine It also contains a simple introductory local effects, without attempting to doesn't require other routines, the session with the compiler, The editor

analyze expressions and large blocks RUNC run-time interpretive environ- section is also the full reference section of code. This is an effective way to re- ment provides all the system routines for the Blaise-U editor.

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• See List of Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 187 .

REVIEWS

The System Implementation section scription of the object file's format claim fame as "slim, trim, and racy." provides specific information on Al- and the Assembly language structure But Akor C does provide a distinct

cor's particular version of C. It con- and format. advantage over other C compilers cerns the host computer system that There are two problems with the when you consider the amount of time

the compiler runs on: the memory use, documentation. First, there is a phe- spent compiling the program. Because

how to compile and execute programs, nomenal amount to digest. Second, Alcor C compiles directly to p-code, it and explanations of many of the sys- the organization is poor. For example, involves no overhead for lengthy as- tem functions that are available. the documentation of the functions semblies of the intermediate Assembly

The tutorial section is well-done. contained within the various libraries language. It's written for individuals without C is spread out over two chapters. Fur- experience but with some knowledge ther, there is no clear, well-highlighted Conclusion of a computer language. This is one of distinction marking the division of the only C compilers that doesn't re- functions in the libraries. Subsequent- Alcor C is a substantial product

quire you to buy an outside reference ly, I found it difficult to remember that complements and substantiates for the language; the tutorial provides which library satisfied the various pro- Alcor's other software. In addition to adequate instruction for most users. gram external references while link- providing a compiler that works well The reference section provides a de- loading the compiled code. On several with their powerful Pascal and Basic

tailed guide to this implementation of occasions, I loaded too many of the compilers, Alcor's C compiler is a full,

C. It also documents the many other libraries while looking for the correct robust implementation of the lan- functions available with your C source functions. guage that will satisfy most needs program from the other libraries not completely. System Performance addressed in the System section. All Alcor is reasonable about using compiler preprocessor features and Based on my experience with My- their compilers to produce software options are addressed in detail. sosis's LC compiler and on compara- for resale. You can resell an executable

The last section documents the tive tests I made between the two com- program file without paying a royalty; Advanced Development Package, pilers, two things are immediately evi- you're only required to indicate that consisting of the optimizer and code dent: Alcor C will never win any the program contains the Alcor C run-

generator. This provides a detailed de- Olympic medals for speed nor will it time support package.

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188 • 80 Micro, November 1984 BOOKS BOOKS

LOW COST COSTING T«M»W i-hihii tToosnw VI/l/fWK H Kurrni: IBS \ih m* all new mows 5 fiuc tutorials and utilities

Introduction to Low Cost Costing TRS-80 as a Controller The Rest of 80 TRS 80/280 Assembly TRS-80 Data Files Product Costing Learn to control outside Get the 80 Micro articles Language Library Learn by doing with this with Your Microcomputer devices with a TRS40. so good we put them in a Learn to use assembly intro- guide to writing a data Low Cost Costing can This book is an book. These 31 never- language on the Model I base manager This save small businesses duction to interfacing, before-published to its full capacity Two book, with its thousands of dollars. with simple, inexpensive tutorials and utilities TRSDOS-compa tible accompanying software, Decision makers who projects. Applications were hand-picked for disks are included, with takes you through a need to find product include controlling lights Model I and Model III programs worth many simple mailing list costs quickly and and switches, building a users. You'll get graphics times the book's cost. accurately program to teach you can get a small computer, and sorts, renumbering, You'll learn about TRS-80 about sequential and handle on manufacturing suggestions for more Pascal tutorials, and hardware and software, then costs. Step-by-step complex The random access protects. more. Both BASIC and general 280 routines, and files. The construction of instructions explain how applies to the book assembly-language TRS-80 utility programs. to find product costs III a DBM and the tech- Model and, with minor programs are included. Examples show you how niques for moving data using profit and loss conversions, to the Complete listings are to apply the information

to and from disks are statements and a TRS-80 Model I. $12.95 BK7394 photographs, given, with to your everyday discussed Book and All the programs are 192 pp. schematics, and programming Model III TRSJOdisk. $24.95 included on the disk that examples $9.95 BK7392 conversions are given. CC7398, 102 pp. comes with the book. 232 pp. $4 50 shipping and $24.95, CC7403, 94 pp. handling $34.95 BK7395 355 pp. Disks included CQMOTIB CUUOTil TEXTEDIT

r\ a complete Programs u« worc&roceE&ig for.'. system in kit ELKTRONIC Sj0m .A

-' \vr'-''S vi

I I ;..;•.. I CIRCUIT DESIGN

.

Computer Carnival TEXTEDIT Nanos System Speech Systems Programs for For the Models I and III. Build your own word Reference Cards tor Your Electronic Circuit These sixty programs for processor with the No more flipping through Microcomputer Design beginners will entertain TEXTEDIT kit. This Disk the TRS-80 manuals to A solid introduction to Electronics engineers and educate. Children BASIC system is built in find information you voice technology. For and hobbyists will wel- will find mazes, word modules, so you can need Nanos System industry, education, or come this guide to elec games, graphics, modify them or use only Reference cards are home use, this book tronic circuit design with puzzles, and quizzes. the parts you need pocket-sized summaries presents many examples a microcomputer Each Card games, logic tests, Features include for your quick, easy ot voice input/output chapter contains a pro word and number complete editing, search, reference Find such using microcomputer gram involving several quizzes, and letter replace, and count, and information as BASIC systems Includes different types of appli- guesses make Computer upper/lowercase typing commands and instruc buyer's guide, along with cations that use the Carnival a learning on an unmodified Model tions, ROM routines, over 100 pages of manu same electronic compo- experience. The Carnival I. Model III users need reserved words, and I/O facturer's data sheets, nents. The programs can Companion cassette of the TRSDOS CONVERT instructions TRS-80 with companies' be used individually or all sixty programs is also utility to use the disk. Model I BASIC & addresses and phone combined into one large available Computer TEXTEDIT is compatible Assembler, FC1002, numbers A glossary program with a master Carnival and Carnival with any major DOS. It $4.95. TRS-80 Model III defines speech tech menu, as explained in Companion $24 95 operates with one drive; BASIC & Assembler, nology terms. $14.95, the book. Software CC7389 Computer two drives or copy utility FC1003. $5.95, TRS40 BK7406. 254 pp.. NEW. included. $14.95, CC7411, Carnival $16.95 BK7389 needed to transfer Model II BASIC & 128 pp. 218 pp. Carnival programs to system disk. Assembler, FC1005, Companion $9.95 Book and disk package $5.95. Z80 Micro- .-68 TP7389 $24.97 CC7387 processor, FC1011, $4.95

For credit card orders, call toll tree. 1-800-2S8S47X Or send your order on a separate piece or paper to Wayne Green Books. Retail Sales. Peterborough. NH 03456. Be sure to include the book title, order number, and price. Postage and handling is $1.50 lor the first book. $1 00 lor each additional book Foreign air mall is 1 10.00 per book. Check, money order, or complete credit card information must accompany your order Orders are payable in US dollars only Please allow 4-6 weeks lor delivery II you have questions about your order, write to customer service at the above address

*- See List ot Advertisers on Page 1 76 80 Micro, November 1984 • 189 REVIEWS

If you design software that's time- sensitive or space-limited, Alcor C isn't for you. The residue from the Basrum is convenient and useful. It saves time for compiler is important —that is the auxiliary files necessary to produce the the programmer, disk space for the computer, end product. In order to produce a and speeds up execution of a Basic program. machine-code program file, the sys-

tem must create an object file (1,422 bytes) and a code-generated file (2,557

bytes) in addition to the source code and useful: It saves time for the pro- a DOS, so you have to move the Bas- file and the file. 25,244-byte command grammer, disk space and memory for rum files to the DOS of your choice There's no way to avoid the size of the the computer, and speeds up execu- using the Debug utility. You can't latter file —even a minimal program tion of a Basic program. transfer files directly with some (main( requires 23,427 bytes to ) { }) DOSes. In such cases, you have to use Basrum is written in machine lan- load the proper run-time support TRSDOS as an intermediate step. At guage and occupies the top 1 ,600 bytes routines. of RAM. The disk provides a different first, I had some difficulty with this version of Basrum for each system process. I entered the appropriate command and pressed the enter key, memory size it supports (16K, 32K, Basrum's Software Library 48K), and two extra versions for 48K but the program ignored the com- machines that reserve 400 bytes and mand. by Keller trial Wynne 2,048 bytes for upper memory hard- Finally, after much and error, I disk drivers or other machine-lan- pressed the break key. The computer is a linking loader and li- then executed the commands and Basrum guage software. And it's guaranteed brary I manager utility for Model to work with your DOS. moved the files as requested. was I/Ill Basic programmers. You create able to transfer all the programs using and name a library of subroutines with this two-step sequence (hitting the en- Getting Started it, then call them into Basic programs ter and break keys). According to the

as needed. I found Basrum convenient Basrum is shipped on a disk without manufacturer, no one else reported

Tournament PLOTTER KIT

$•) pqOO Shipped Prepaid east to cownniL -*•»* Conl USA Move pieces with arrow keys or Joystick. Activate an option .with a aingla kay depreaalon. X, Y PEN PLOTTER WITH vi rsaiiu piaying MOQ! s PROFESSIONAL FEATURES IO aklll level*. Adaptable Tournament Level. Repid Trenslt. Poatsl, Mete Finder. • 16" i 11 PLOT AREA • 17 i 60 MEDIA Set opening to open, cloee, half open, modern. • 00b RESOLUTION • 2 IPS Set mid game atyle to aggressive or passive • SOFTWARE LISTING • DISKETTE OPTIONAL Till Interfaces with any Z-80 BASED com- T 4M JIWJI puter with accessible I/O port such as n Mwn....ri I 80* TRS MODELS I, III. IV LOBO S* TRS-80 1, 2, 3, 4, 12, 16 R [.1 n MAX 80 and LNW* All mechanical CPM XENIX VriVei and electronic components supplied S iii Full documentation and assembly in-

structions No machining, simple hand [''T_ aHlyiB tools to assemble Electronics avail- Multiple Regression " Survey Research 8 IbjiFM I 11 ! able assembled and tested Full ASCII Stepwise " Nonpararnetrics 4 Ridge • X-Y Plots lyl 1M T library of 91 alpha numerics lines and L centered symbols in variable height All Subsets • ANOVA over 40 utcuiiQM OPiiyiis " Beck Moves to eny depth. and rotation Backward Elimination Random Samples Swap Sides. leke Write or call lor Set Up Position. Suggeat Move, Time Series Analysis " Data Base Change Tournament Clocks. Move Cursor Speed, full information Descriptive Statistics " Search & Sort Geme Review. Meyer va Meyer. Main Verlatlon. Algebraic end Oeecriptlve Notation, " Transformations Hypothesis tests Seve/Load Games on Disk. Print Board/History,... Progiem dlekette and manual only efiO.OO. Requires 481 Model l/lll or 64* Model V4P disk. Please call TOLL FREE Meese specify your TRS SO model when ordering Send check or money order toi MODEL 1-800-334-0854 (Ext. 814) SPL 1200 'Rapidunamic for more information —L-Jl—JjSOFTWARE, INL.

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190 • 80 Micro, November 1984

Scanned by Ira Goldklang - wwwtrs-80.com REVIEWS this problem, so you may or may not ning of the code and two at the end. You can incorporate a special encounter it. You can assign names to the subrou- search function in Basrum as a com- Basrum manipulates computer tines for easy recall. For example, mand at the beginning of a Basic pro- memory extensively. After you load **WAIT might indicate a routine that gram. This function checks the pro-

Basrum, it protects an area of low accepts pressing the enter key to con- gram for any named subroutines that memory for the library function. Bas- tinue, and **INKEY might control it needs, finds them in the file speci- rum loads Basic programs above this, program input. You can use Basic key fied, and loads them. in unprotected memory. It stores sub- words as subroutine names. routines on one or more disk files. You can include remark statements You can then load a file, or any part of with the subroutines without wasting it, into protected memory where it re- memory if you put them before the as- Basrum mains safe and accessible to any Basic terisks. The comments aren't loaded program. when you call the subroutine, but they An alternate approach is to append remind you what variables you used *•** the necessary subroutines to the Basic what the subroutine actually does. and Wiley Inc. program in memory, in which case simplify the job of converting a To 84) Bishop St. they're unprotected and will be lost program to or from Basrum subrou- Honolulu, HI 96813 when you load the next program. Nor- tines, the program features a Find rou- Models I and III mally, you would put frequently used tine. You can use this feature to in- $149.50 subroutines, such as an INKEY rou- voke a global search and replace for tine, in the library area, while you any GOSUB commands you're chang- would logically append sub- ing to Basrum calls. more a Easy to use? ••••-ft routine that draws a car for a game to This program has two search Good docs? *•••• the appropriate Basic program. modes: a logical search that ignores spaces, and a literal search that re- Bug free? ••••* Using Basrum quires a perfect match, including spac- Does the job? •••*# To create a Basrum routine, you es. The literal search is useful for find- simply put two asterisks at the begin- ing a match within an ASCII string.

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COMPAQ" Tandy 2000'

LET'S TALK CLOSES THE COMMUNICATIONS GAP another. Precisely Easily. Without professional, expen- BETWEEN TODAYS POPULAR PERSONAL sive data processing expertise. COMPUTERS. LET'S TALK allows two computers to communicate LET'S TALK is a complete package for fully supported directly with each other in a "conversational mode" communications between any of these computers. In when not actually transferring data. And. LET'S TALK any direction. Without additional expense. can send or retrieve files of any size from unattended

LETS TALK is a simple, straightforward pro- computers, at three different speeds. gram that transfers ASCII data files, including GROWTH AND EXPANSION REQUIRE BASIC and VTsiCalc®, from one computer to OPEN COMMUNICATION. LETS TALK. 50FTUJPT Je conn

Making dollars and sense out of information.

TRS-80 is a registered trademark of Tandy Corporation Tandy 2000 is a trademark of Tandy Corporation Visi Calc is a registered trademark of VisiCorp. IBM PC and PC XT are registered trademarks of IBM Corporation COMPAQ is a trademark of Compaq Computer Corporation

a division of the goodman group, inc 12900 Preston Rd . Dallas. Texas 75230 (214) 239-6085 LET'S TALK includes all diskettes for each of the above computers Suggested retail price of $149 00 + $5 00 shipping

See List ol Advertisers on Page 1 76 80 Micro, November 1984 • 191 -

REVIEWS

You can also use Basrum to chain ghosts appear and try to scare you temporarily scaring away the ghosts. or overlay programs. You can then ex- away. Without blinking an eye, you If you shoot a spider, your total ghost ecute programs in segments that are reach for your ghost blaster. As a count decreases by one.

too large to fit in memory. Basrum ghost exterminator extraordinaire, If you complete a trip to the depot

passes variables and file buffers from this is all in a day's work. or the haunted house with the ghost

the old program to the new one. It has You are playing 13 Ghosts, a new counter on 12, you get a ghost-free trip a command that lets you specify the Radio Shack game for the Model 4. back through town. The point value

size of the various parts of the memo- Using the arrow keys, you move your for this trip is worth twice the score

ry, including how much space to ghost blaster (a blinking cursor) you'd get if you played the trip. reserve for program overlays. It's pos- around the screen to shoot ghosts of Shots take a moment before hitting sible to retain a resident program and varying sizes and point values as they a target, so you must shoot slightly

overlay another program, or subrou- emerge from the bottom of the screen. ahead of the ghosts to score a hit. I tines, in protected memory. As you shoot the ghosts, you receive thought cursor movement slow rela- Some compilers will work with Bas- points that scroll you further down the tive to the ghosts flitting about the rum, but not all. According to the deserted main street—past a general screen. For the uninitiated this gives manual, only compilers that compile a store, saloon, hotel, cemetery, and so the game the appeal of a slow-motion portion of the code should function. on until you reach the haunted house. nightmare.

You can't use compilers, like Micro- Then you begin the return trip. One problem is the difficulty of soft's, that convert an entire program. Each trip between the depot and the distinguishing between the 12 types haunted house represents one level of of ghosts. You're never really sure The Documentation play, but the difficulty level changes which ghosts provide the highest point

The manual is a bound SVi- by 11- only every other trip. values.

inch paperback, attractively printed Play is slow at first, but don't get a Game Play on heavy stock and easy to read. swelled head after completing your

While the Basrum docs don't provide The game starts with four ghosts on first level of difficulty. The game be- an index, the table of contents is very the screen. All ghosts rematerialize at comes much harder the second time

complete. Also, there is a glossary and the screen bottom as soon as you around.

a chapter listing error messages. Liber- shoot them. If some ghosts escape, I found it difficult to advance past al use of bold print and indenting of other, more dangerous, ghosts (with the third of the 32 difficulty levels. As

text, as well as cross referencing, makes higher point values) appear. Laughing the game progressed, I got lost in a finding the desired information excep- ghosts have no point value, and call up swirl of ghosts that left my blaster far

tionally easy. Help is also available on more dangerous ghosts unless you behind. To pass through the different screen for any of the Basrum com- shoot them. levels, you have to rely on your ability mands. The game continues until 13 ghosts to predict where the ghosts will appear People who do enough program- escape your blaster. A counter at the and fly. ming to want to spend $150 on Bas- screen bottom keeps track for you. rum are often involved with distribu- You do have some help in ghost-bust- Documentation and Sound

if ing. tion of their work, even only by Spiders slide down the screen, Documentation is good. 13 Ghosts sharing with local clubs. It is unfortu- comes with an eight-page booklet that nate that there is no provision for dis- includes illustrations, advanced strate- tribution rights to a Basrum runtime gy instructions, and technical infor- module so that its subroutines could 13 Ghosts mation. used in be programs meant for sale or Game sound is low-key, a relief public domain. The manufacturer has from the constant squawking of other recognized this need and states that **** games. It plays different tunes for the they are currently working on a run- introduction, high scores, and bonus time module, which will be available trips, as well as providing action sound Tandy/Radio Shack to registered owners for a one-time fee effects. One Tandy Center of under $30. Fort Worth, TX 76102 Conclusion Catalog number 26-1927 Good sound and graphics, and the Model 4, 48K RAM game's originality, make 13 Ghosts One disk drive worth the price. Much detail is given Ghost Busting $19.95 to the background as you pass through the town, and new graphics by Robert Mitchell are added with each difficulty level. 80 Micro staff Good graphics? ****# While 13 Ghosts isn't as fast as Good docs? ***«? some other arcade games, it's just as It is a dark and stormy night. You're Fast? **#«r challenging. It's an honest -to-good traveling through a sleepy ghost ness TRS-80 game—a rare thing these Challenging? ***** town from the train depot, across days—and a pretty good one at town, to a haunted house. Suddenly, that.B

192 • 80 Micro, November 1984 REVIEWS

Learning to C Traister's Programming in C setting up batch files to handle all the Some programming books on C compiling and linking processes. make comparisons to Cobol, Fortran, In addition to the basics, Traister by Dan Keen and Dave Dischert and Pascal, but most readers are more discusses the Supersoft C compiler, in- familiar with Basic. Traister, to his put control programs, handling char- credit, makes frequent comparisons to acter strings, and advanced program- C may seem like an ar- Although Basic. ming in C. The appendix gives detailed cane high-level language, es- C is close to Basic in many respects. use of the standard C library func- pecially to those of us who regard Ba- Each C routine has an equivalent Ba- tions. sic as the mother programming sic counterpart. Even though Traister Of course, the main thrust of the tongue, Robert J. Traister's Program- explains each C program line by line, book is to teach the fundamentals of C ming in Cfor the Microcomputer User he points out the similarities to Basic. and get the reader's feet wet. We sug does an excellent job of making the As a result, Basic programmers will gest that the reader have at least a little concepts of C clear to any program- feel more secure learning this new lan- experience with Basic, since the author ming novice. Traister has spent many guage since they can visualize C in makes the assumption that you under painstaking hours presenting the ba- terms familiar to them. stand the idea of using letter variables sics of C in an easy-to-leam manner. If Every routine in the book is a com- to represent numerical values, as well you have no idea of what a C compiler plete, self-contained program ready to as the symbols for math ( + , -,*,/, or linker is, or what the language itself compile and run. The routines are <>, = ). is all about, you should pick up this short and excellent for teaching the book. fundamentals of this programming Drawback

language. The book's only shortcoming is that What Is C? The author uses an IBM PC and of- it doesn't go very deep. While it's a C is as powerful a language as As- ten makes reference to MS-DOS. This good book, it's designed for beginners sembly language, yet you can develop is especially beneficial to Tandy 2000 prior to tackling a more complex ref machine-language programs more owners since their machines use MS- erence. To do any complex program

easily with it. C is a compact, efficient, DOS and can take advantage of the ming, you'd have to buy a more ad fast, and transportable language that extra features MS-DOS offers, such as vanced programming manual.

works on many machines, even if they use different (assum- ing a compiler is available for your particular computer). With the exception of Basic, no oth- er language has yet to surface as the main force behind the development of BRICKWARE system-level microcomputer software. If you invest in brick and mortar, then you should invest C might just emerge as the victor. in our brickware, Investor III \ Designed by real estate professionals to work on the IBM PC or TRS-80, Investor III™ is a comprehensive software package that aids in investment analysis of property, whether

commercial or residential, small or large. It shows Programming in C both the tax and cash aspects of an investment opportunity for the | and is flexible enough to allow you to vary a number of key assumptions Microcomputer User w™ (such as cash flow, phased investments. multiple mortgages, and tax parameters) and see the

results in an instant. So if you are serious about brick and mortar, ***• look at our brickware. It will help you lay a solid foundation for your investment strategy by Robert J. Traister Contact your local dealer. Prentice-Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632 190 pp. $16.95

^103 software coop Well written? 'k'k'kirix A Division of The Goodman Group, Inc. Well organized? ••••# 1 2900 Preston Road Thorough? IcicictrtK Dallas, Texas 75230 239-6085 Readable? ••••Hr (214) $249.00 Suggested Retail Making dollars and sense out of Information.

S« List of Advertisers on Page 7 76 80 Micro, November 1984 • 193 —

NEW PRODUCTS / edited by Robert Mitchell

Big Teal aluminum widgets. Not haphazard The Teal 418 daisy-wheel one to make guesses, you use Esta-Mate printer ($545) from Teal and generate a fast, accu- Industries Inc. (1741 Lomi- rate quote. ta Blvd., Lomita, CA Esta-Mate ($179) esti- 90717, 213-539-7244) runs mates your manufactur- at 18 cps and uses a ing job costs and generates 96-character daisy wheel reports and a ready-to- with 10, 12, and 15 pitch. mail job quote for the cus- The 418 features super- tomer. and subscripting, auto un- The program works for derlining, proportional spac- any manufacturing job ing, shadow print, and bold that consumes raw materi- print. It uses a cartridge rib- als by weight. Esta-Mate bon and generates less than inputs the name and ad- a 60 dB noise level during dress of the company re- operation. The Teal 418 printer features an 18 character-per-second print speed. questing the quote and Its friction feeder uses your markup percentage. 13-inch paper and prints up It then collects cost in- four carbon copies. The You can specify values your chess game by letting to raw of formation for labor, printer comes with a paral- and associate them with you replay the matches material, vended services, world's best players. lel or RS-232 interface. A variables in a model, change the outside purchases, and forms tractor and a sheet conversion definitions, and You choose from 64 of tooling, and generates a de- feeder are optional. print charts and graphs of the best games in the last tailed summary and a cus- Reader Service s 565 program results. 200 years, such as Fischer vs tomer quote. TK! Solver contains 34 Spassky and Karpov vs Esta-Mate runs on the mathematical functions, in- Torre. You play on the win- Models III and 4 with 48K cluding trigonometric, log- ning side. The object is to TKISolver for RAM and one disk drive arithm, and square root to figure out the moves that and is available from Comp the TRS-80 reverse hyperbolic tangent your "partner" made to Plus Systems Inc., P.O. TK! Solver, an equation- and logarithm base- 10 func- win the game. Chess Clas- Box 72054, Roselle, IL solving mathematical anal- tions, and has an online sics corrects you after one, moves. 60172, 312-894-2444. ysis program from Soft- help file and error checking. two, or three wrong Reader Service ^ 553 ware Arts, is available for After you complete a the Model 4. The program The program requires game, Chess Classics rates played according accepts equations and 128K RAM, and is available the match Nukeware known values, then solves for $299.95 at Radio Shack to the United States Chess It's 8:15 on a Monday for the unknown variables. stores. For more informa- Federation. morning, a day like any oth- You can also enter prop- tion contact Tandy Cor- Chess Classics runs on 4. It's er at the plant. Suddenly erties and characteristics of poration/Radio Shack, the Models I, III, and red lights flash on the con- variables, conversion def- 1800 One Tandy Center, $59.95 for the King Pawn Queen trol panels around you initions for units of mea- Fort Worth, TX 76102. Games disk or the something's wrong with the sure, and other equation Reader Service ** 552 Pawn Games disk. Both reactor and you'd better factors. disks are $100. find out what it is fast. TK! Solver solves prob- Reader Service *^ 551 You're playing Melt- lems requiring repeated Playing With the Pros Models I, III, and 4 calculations. When the down, a simulation game program cannot solve an Chess Classics from Cost-Plus real-time by Stewart F. Hunter that equation using the direct Noteworthy Software Con- Considerations puts you in charge of a nu- method, it uses successive sulting Co. (12 Noteworth generating sta- approximations to find the Drive, Danbury, CT 06810, A customer calls and clear power building answer. 203-743-2039) improves wants a quote for tion.

194 • 80 Micro, November 1984 Speak.

-4^-^J

S2>e*~>-r** i~ And Listen.

Your computer can do both. Speech Systems for Your Microcomputer is an introduction to voice input/output that shows you how.

What Voice I/O Is The Latest Speech Products How To Do It Speech Systems for Your Microcom- A complete buyer's guide shows Speech Systems for Your Micro- puter has information on all the latest you what's available, from twelve- computer voice technology, for business, dollar products to systems that cost shows you

home, educational, or industrial use. thousands. You can use it to deter- voice systems You'll find out what speech systems mine which products are best suited in action. For are all about—getting your computer to your needs and budget. Current speech syn- to produce synthesized speech and to prices and addresses are given, so thesis and recognize human speech. You'll you can shop around without wast- recognition, learn how you can use voice I/O, in ing time or money. Speech Systems you'll follow teaching programs, helping the hand- for Your Microcomputer also contains the construc- icapped use computers, talking home over 100 pages of reprinted tion of pro- appliances, factory and test equip- manufacturers' data sheets. jects, using ment, and more. some of the products described in the book. Speech Systems

Jo order for Your tS, Send me copies of Speech Systems for Your

Microcomputer Microcomputer (BK7406) at $14.95 each, plus $1.50 for the first Speech Microcomputer Systems for Your is Gaiy A. Shade book, $1.00 for each additional book for shipping and handling. available for $14.95. You can call toll-free for BK7406 payment enclosed D MasterCard C Visa D Am. Ex. credit card orders, 1-800-258-5473. Or you ISBN 0-88006-073-5 can mail your order with check, money 8% by 11 Card* Expiration date order, or complete credit card information to: softcover, spiral Wayne Green Books, Retail Sales, Peter- Nainc Signature borough, NH 03458 Include $1.50 for the bound

first book, $ 1 .00 for each additional book for 254 pp. postage and handling. Orders are payable in Address U.S. dollars only. Allow four to six weeks for

delivery. WGBooks are available at your City State Zip local bookstore Dealer inquiries invited. S 66 Wayne Green Books, Peterborough, NH 03458

3411B8S

80 Micro, November 1984 • 1M NEW PRODUCTS

You can display a plant and applications for the diagram or switch to a con- Models III and 4. trol panel display while the Written for the beginner, plant operates. The object this 305-page paperback in- is to keep the plant at peak TRS-80 cludes an introduction to performance by properly TRSDOS, Model III and resolving any problems Disk Basic, and applica- that arise. tions for business, graphics, Meltdown is a comment- Models HM games, simulations, and ed Basic program pub- word processing. lished by Micro Mining PROGRAMMING AND APPLICATIONS Also included are exercis- and Assay Co., and is es and questions to test un- available from DiskCount derstanding, and applica- Data (2701 -C West 15th tions programs for every- St., Piano, TX 75075, 214- day tasks. 680-8268) for $19.95. Contact Robert J. Brady Reader Service *s 555 Co., Bowie, MD 20715, 301-262-6300 for more in- Computer Lessons formation. Reader Service ^ 554 OK, so you've got a com- puter; now what do do you No Small Matter with it? TRS-80 Models HI and 4 Programming and Managing payroll for Applications ($15.95) by even the smallest compa- Larry Joel Goldstein gives ny can be a big task. The

you the lowdown on the TRS-80 Models III and 4 Programming and Applications introduces new Tinypay payroll system programming capabilities users to computing. from The Alternate Source

NEW And IMPROVED CP/M-68K Treat your TRS-80 Model- 16 or Enhanced Model-ll or -12 to our new Version 1.2 CP/M-68K, now with: • Keyboard "iypea head • Overlay loader • C compiler with standard • New utilities and IEEE floating point • 68000 assembler

Option languages* — CBASIC-68K, PASCAL MT+, FORTRAN-77, FASCAL-68K, BASIC-68K

Version \.\ users; order a language and receive your version 1.2 up- grade FREE. Upgrade alone only $25.

Trisoft 4102 Avenue G Austin, Texas 78751

(512)453-2233 •Requires 256 kbytes minimum except for BASIC-68K

-227

196 • 90 Micro, November 1984 . / CONTROL YOUR COSTS AND MAXIMIZE Selling 80 Mi- W k.^ ^^ cro wi " make m on- YOUR PROFIT ^^^^ ^k^| ^^^ ey for you. Consider the

make a profit, you have to know what ^r^^^m Fact #1: Selling SO M/cro in- To ^^^^^r creases store traffic — our dealers your costs are. Low Cost Costing is a book- tell us that SO M/cro is the hottest- m^^r and-software combination that will help you j^^^ selling computer magazine on the news- stands. determine production costs for your small Fact #2: There is a direct correlation between business, using your Apple, IBM PC, or TRS-80. store traffic and sales — increase the number of people If you are responsible for production, you can coming through your door and you'll increase sales. Fact #3: Fact #1 + Fact #2 = INCREASED $ALE$, increase your profits once you know what which means more money for you. And that's a fact. you're spending. Low Cost Costing shows you

For information on selling 80 Micro, call 800-343-0728 how to analyze your costs using your profit-and- and speak with our direct sales manager. Or write to loss statements and your microcomputer. Once 80 Micro, 80 Pine St., Peterborough, NH 03458. you've found them, you can:

• Cut your costs. LOW COST • Adjust prices. COSTING • Set marketing and manu - ntoovcrcoantiG micro m II I'll ft facturing strategies. .WiCJKXVMfl'tTlK 80 Pine Street Peterborough. NH 03458 rtsu • Determine why 'maws s. 800-3430728 some products sell and / others don't.

It's the time- and money-saving combination your small business needs—Low Cost Costing and your micro. Low Cost Costing

Thomas S. Fiske Apple II, II Plus, He CC7399 (package! approx. 1 12 pp. ISBN 0-88006-067-0 microthe mjga/me ft* TRS-$0' use's $24.97

TRS-80 Model I, III IBM PC CC7403 [package) CC74Q2 [package! ISBN 0-88006-072-7 ISBN 0-88006-071-9

To order, call toll-frer 1-800-258 5473 for credit card orders Or mail your order with

i heck or money order or complete credit card information to Wayne Green Books, Retail Sales. Peterborough. NH 03458 Please include shipping and handling of $1 50 for the first system. $1 00 for each additional system. Orders payable in US dollars only Reader Please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery

ship- f GSm I want Low Cost Costing. $24.97 per system, plus Service ping and handling ($1.50 for the first system, $1.00 for each addi- tional system). Please indicate total number wanted for each system.

_ Apple (CC7399) _IBM PC [CC7402) _ TRS-80 (CC7403)

[ 1 payment enclosed 1 1 MasterCard D Visa Am. Ex.

10 RECEIVE MORE INFORMATION ON THE PRODUCTS AND Card* MCbank#

Expiration date Signature SERVICES ADVERTISED IN THIS ISSUE, PLEASE TURN TO Name READER SERVICE CARD. Address

Citv State Zip

Wayne Green Books, Peterborough, NH 03458 3411B8L 1 L.

See List of Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 197 NEW PRODUCTS

(704 N. Pennsylvania Ave., incoming messages and the

Lansing, MI 48906, 517- time it records them. The 482-8270) handles payroll modem can run with the for up to 20 employees. host computer turned off. This Basic program pro- An optional 2K CMOS duces payroll reports and buffer card ($99) uses a bat- maintains totals for each tery back-up to protect accounting period. You time, date, and other data can add or subtract em- in RAM. Up to 64K of ad-

ployees, change employee ditional memory is available data, or process a payroll in increments of 16K. period. A 12-character display Documentation includes ($99) gives operating sta- instructions for modifying tus, diagnostics messages,

the program. Tinypay is The ProModem 1200 has an optional 12-characier display (o keep you in- phone numbers, and the available for the Models I, formed of modem operations. time and date. III, 4, and 2000 for $20. Reader Service ** 558 Reader Service s 557 clock, calendar, and many to 12 characters to call up Drive entries and initiate automat- Modem Deluxe options. Decontamination It features programma- ic dialing. The ProModem 1200 ble dialing, tone or pulse The modem buffer stores Automation Facilities from Prometheus Products dialing, and a speaker with messages for automatic Corp. offers two disk-drive Inc. (45227 Fremont Blvd., volume control for $495. transmission at a specified cleaning systems for your Fremont, CA 94538, 415- ProModem 1200 stores time to any phone number computer.

490-2370) is a 300-/1,200- telephone numbers, access in its directory. In auto- Floppiclene is a wet /dry baud, auto-dial, auto-an- codes, and log-on messages answer mode, ProModem disk drive head cleaning sys- swer modem with a built-in in a directory, and uses up 1200 automatically stores tem that safely and quickly LOGICAL SYSTEMS CATALOG W'Mfe' THSDOS s a eg'Sier |n * LSI is complete ea trademark °' * TBA is a text pre-processor that The HELP System a Tandy Coipo'dt'On translates structured BASIC source series of packages to provide on-line LDOS is a registered into interpreter executable programs help information to LDOS/TRSDOS 6 '.ijciid'k ol Logical users Packages are available for Supports long variable names and stems Inc named references/procedures, along DOS/BASIC help, Technical help, and with conditional translation S79. the development of additional "HELP" information files Prices start at $29.

* BSORT/MOD324 is an advanced 7.' • mach.ne langjage sort tor M4 BASIC LS-HOST/TERM is a complete Mod 4 communications system Includes Multiple key/tag arrays 1 or 2 dimen- sion, string or numeric arrays ADDS25 terminal emulator XMODEM utility for error-free transfer. MOD324 does most of the restructur- file transfer program with password protec- ing to allow M3 BASIC programs to be HOST run under M4 BASIC $49. tion and much much more Ideal for use with XENIX S199.

* DiskDISK a4lows the partitioning of ' EDitor large volume drives into smaller logical 8. LED is the LSI full-screen text all special volumes which look" just like addi- Uses LDOS features (KSM. tilters/drivers Excellent for editing tional floppy drives This should be con- ) sidered a must for hard disk or other KSM and JCL source f les T6 version Now pay only S69 for the power of the LDOS large drive users $99. includes block write to disk" and "in- operating system, or just S39 for the smal- sert file at cursor" $49. LDOS subset Specify Model 1 or 3 when ' FED II is an all-purpose File/Disk ordering 9." editor for LDOS or TRSDOS 6 Bytes LS-QFB/Comp consists of two utilities. "fast* mirror- may be modified in either ASCII or QFB performs a image backup of disk formatting the HEX Location may be done via search a TOLL FREE ORDERLINE string, load address or record number destination disk >n the process Comp will compare any two disks o r files, with Shows disassembly of /CMD files $49. (800) 248-3535 differences to display or printer $49. ' File Manager will handle ail those Shipping and Handling INCLUDED * NOT COPY. MOVE. PURGE or BACKUP 10." The LS-Utility Disk is a collection of jobs with ease Faster and more ver- the most popular LSI filters and utilities satile than BACKUP or PURGE. FM re-written for use under TRSDOS 6 on JOGICAL 8970 North 55th Street can also produce a script" for later ex- the Mod 4 Includes KSMPLUS, MAX- SYSTEMS ecution through JCL $49. LATE. CALC. READ40 and much P.O. Box 23956 much more $49. /C ' Milwaukee, Wl 53223 ' Mvailable for TRSDOS 6 only 0O-£>= Hnces ar-d specifications subject to change without notice * Versions available for LDOS 5.1 and TRSDOS 6 (Specify when ordering).

198 • 80 Micro, November 1984 NEW PRODUCTS

eliminates contaminants in day, and all-occasion uses. your disk system. A box of 20 cards and en- To prevent recontamina- velopes is $9.95. Boxes of tion, Floppiclene uses dis- 100 are $45, and boxes of posable cleaning disks. The 300 are $130. Floppiclene Home Com- For more information puter System (for 5!4-inch contact Compugreet at P.O. disk systems) includes Safe- Box 3357, Reston, VA clene aerosol cleaning solu- 22090. tion, cleaning disk jacket, Reader Service ^ 559 and 10 disposable disk in- serts for $19.95. The Floppiclene System, Keene Programs for 3'/2-, 5!/4-, and 8-inch disk drives, includes 20 Keene Computing Ser- cleaning disk inserts, disk vices Co. (P.O. Box 13044, Compugreet computerized greeting cards come on fan-fold paper for jacket, Safebond absorbant College Station, TX 77841, continuous tractor-feed printing. wipes, and two Safeclens 409-846-4426) has three anti-static screen for wipes Season's Beepings to quickly get cards to utilities for the Models 1, $34.95. everyone. III, and 4. Refill kits with 20 clean- You want to send every- The cards have perforat- XIBM ($35) copies files ing disks and Safeclene one a Christmas greeting, ed tractor-feed holes, with between MS/DOS or PC/ aerosol are $14.95. For but you don't have the time one side of the paper sport- DOS 1.0 disks and your more information contact to write and send out all ing a greeting and the other TRSDOS, DOSPLUS, Intratec at 175 S. 3rd St., those cards. With Compu- side reserved for your per- NEWDOS80, and LDOS Suite 1020, Columbus, OH greet 's new LX series greet- sonal greeting. system disks. This menu- 43215, 614461-4618 ing cards, you can use your Eight designs are avail- driven utility includes an

Reader Service ^ 560 word processor and printer able for Christmas, birth- on-line help file.

Graphics Solutions High-Resolution Software and Hardware

Radio Shock Model 4/4P/UI hires 3D-PLOT - View three-dimensional data board owners: GBflSIC 3.0. This enhanced from ony perspective or angle. $39.95. version of Graphics Basic provides on mflTHPlOT - Plot equations of the form equivalent for ail of the Radio Shack V-F(X) with auto scaling. $39.95. commands as well as adding a number of important new ones. The hi- res screen con SURfACC PLOT - Plot three-dimensional be printed on any of 20 popular printers equations of the form Z=F(X,V). $39.95 or saved or loaded to dish without leaving BIOftHVTHm 6 USA - Chart your biorhythm Bask. The software works with TRSDOS, or learn the states and capitals. $24.00 G.l.fl.fl. Software program for the Model LDOS, NCUJDOS80, and DOSPLUS and 4/4P/III/I which uses the standard block uses 1400 bytes less memory. The disk GRAFYX SOLUTIOfl. Plug-in, dip-on graphics screen to display a window to o comes with over 40 graphics related board enhances any Model 4/111 to provide larger 65536 x 65536 dot tablet. The programs and a detailed manual which 640 x 240 / 512 x 192 dot graphics. arrow keys are used to draw two or includes entry addresses for interfacing to Comes with over 40 programs/files three-dimensional figures. The display can assembly language. GBRSIC 3.0 is including Graphics Basic 3.0 which odds be scaled, shifted, or rotated in ony required in order to run any of the over 20 new commands. $199.95. dimension. The final picture is printed in following programs. $49.95. hi-res on Radio Shock, 80-GRAFIX. Plug-in, clip-on board Cpson, N€C 8023, The following eight programs run on a or Prowritcr printers. $98.00. upgrades any Model lll/l to provide 128 Model 4/4P/III equipped with a Micro- user-definable characters. Comes with Please specify exact labs or Radio Shock your system graphics board: over 20 programs/files. $99.95. configuration when ordering or requesting DRRUJ - R sophisticated full screen graphics information. Payment may be by check, drawing and editing program. $39.95. JOV-mOUSC. Allows a Radio Shock COD, or Visa/MC. Domestic shipping is Color Computer joystick and mouse to be 6IZGMPH - Create business graphs from free on pre-paid or COD orders. (Texas connected to any Model 4/4P/HI. Hard- hand-entered or Visicalc data. $98.00. residents odd 5% sales tax.) ware provides X, V position values from ^ 4g4 ICT'S WMTC muSIC - fin editor which lets to 255. R built-in speaker produces Micro-Labs. Inc. 214-235-0915 you display and print music. $49.95. sound from the cassette port. $99.95. 902 Pinecrest. Richardson. Texas 75080

* See List of Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 199 e=ci : NEW PRODUCTS

Why E-C DATA claims to manufacture the best TRS- Kits in the World...

We know how. As Tandy importers to Denmark, we have wor- ked with TRS-80s for over four years, developing national key- boards and character sets, disk kits and DOS'es. The Scandi- navian Model 3s came with 80 track drives and 80 track TRS

DOS right from the beginning. Even Model I was supplied with 77 track disk systems - manufactured by E-C DATA. We get product information early and precisely as Authorised Tandy Dealers. We use One-Year-Old Technology. Old enough to be reliable but not obsolete - that's -One-Year-Old Technology- WD- 2793 Controller Chip, 8k CMOS RAM in Flat-Pack versions.

State-of-the-Art ? Certainly ! And reliable. We purchase no odd lots of components to make a Fast Buck We buy on long-term contracts from leading manufacturers such as . Western Digital, Shugart and Hita- chi, assuring a steady and constantly high product quality

We burn in and test everything, before it is shipped - under realistic operating conditions in TRS-80 Computers We help you by providing detailed installation and repair ma- nuals If you get stuck anyway, chances are that you get to talk with the Graduate Engineer who actually designed your kit, if you phone us for help ' FREE SHIPPING

The Falcon disk file protects disks in eight clear plastic compartments. WORLD WIDE !

12 MONTHS GUARANTEE ! The program has func- Models I, III, 4, and 4P. FOR MODEL 3 AND 4: tions for calling disk direc- Utilities include a line edi- Complete Disk Kit w/ 64k M4 RAM w/o Drives* 265 tories and for listing and tor/printer, read/write head Kit w/o Drives' Complete Disk w/ 32k M3 RAM 250 copying files. It requires cleaner, a string search pro- Complete Disk Kit M3/4 w/o RAM w/o Drives* 215 one disk drive. gram, a file linker, and a Floppy Disk Controller (3' 2, 5V5», 8") M3/4 155 Real-Time Clock/Calendar Option, Add 60 The X68K machine-lan- program to display file mask 8 Drive Option, Add 10 guage absolute cross as- expansion.

Disk Installation Hardware w/Power Supply w/o Controller ... 95 sembler for the MC68000 Keene Computing period- 2 to 4 Internal Drives Expansion Power Supply 65 lets ically utilities to RS-232 (V. 24) Communication Interface Kit M3/4 75 microprocessor ($59) adds XU First 64k M4 RAM Expansion Kit 65 you develop MC68000 pro- and sends updates to XU 64k - 128k M4 RAM Expansion Kit w/ PAL U72 70 grams and download the owners. XU runs on the M4 PAL U72 alone 30 object code to any MC- Models I, III, 4, and 4P un- TRSDOS 6 2 for M4** 45 Disk Drive Shugart SA-455 Vt Hight, DS, 40 Tracks 205 68000 system with an der LDOS, NEWDOS80, Disk Drive Shugart SA-465 '2 Hight, DS. 80 Tracks 245 RS-232 port. MULTIDOS, DOSPLUS, FOR MODEL 100: The program supports and TRSDOS 1.3 and 6.1. 8k Internal RAM Expansion, Low Power CMOS 80 the Motorola primary in- XIBM, X68K, and XU 32k Battery Backed Plug-in Extra RAM Bank (32-64k) 325 struction set and address- run on the Model I under Bell 103 to CCITT Internal Modem Conversion Kit 65 ing modes, has unlimited LDOS only. ' Speedy whether you intend to use the Kit with Full or Hall Hight Drives ' ' 'Only with Purchase of Disk Kit Specify 40 or 80 Track Diskette ' source and symbol file size, Reader Service ^ 556 TRS-80 ana TRSDOS are Trade Marks ol TanOy Corporation Fort Worth Texas and has a separate system

ORDERING: symbol file. (New York): 1 - - Disks Exposed USA 212 678 0064 X68K includes a file - - 818191. Tlx dk Denmark: 45 2 37825 ec numbering utility, system The Falcon disk file's - Use whichever Is convenient in your time zone or write us ! symbol file manager, and unique design lets you store All Products except Disk Drives and DOS Made in Denmark a test source file that lists your disks and see them Dealer Inquiries Welcome ! the instruction set. Pro- without taking them out of El jAj SC$ gram updates are available the file. It organizes and for $5. protects 5 V* -inch disks in Payment by Cheque, Money Order or Credit Card. We ship to The utility runs under eight separate compart- all Countries, where Hi-Tech Sales are Legal by US Law. TRSDOS, NEWDOS80, ments. Disks are enclosed All Prices in US Currency. Local Duty or Taxes not Included. MULTIDOS, DOSPLUS, in clear plastic, flip-back LDOS, and LS-DOS/TRS- compartments for easy ac- * E-C DATA A/S IE-CI DOS 6.0. cess.

is a package of The file stores disks up- P.O.B. 116 - DK-3460 Birkered - Denmark XU ($45) i 14 utilities that run on the right and supports them to

200 • 80 Micro, November 1984 NEW PRODUCTS TRS-80 WILL YOU PAY TOO MUCH? CAN YOU BUY DIRECT? Ask About Our WARRANTY: "30 DAYS the RADIO SHACK warranty Buy- Back- Policy" accompanies all R. S. merchandise sold by us.

Power surges can hit your system through phone lines as well as power supplies. The Kleen line security system protects you from both.

prevent warping and bend- figuration that the driver ing. It also keeps out dirt SYSGENs permanently. and dust contaminants. The R/S driver boots off File capacity is 56 disks, the hard drive on the Mod- seven disks per compart- el 4P—you don't need a ment. floppy disk.

The disk file is $24.95 The WD Series I driver from Falcon Safety Prod- ($99) for non-Radio Shack ucts Inc., Dept. V, 1065 drives supports 5-20 mega- Bristol Road, Mountain- byte drives on the Models

side, NJ 07092, 201-233- I, III, and 4. WD Series I 5000. works on drives from BT Reader Service »* 563 Enterprises, Percom, MTI, Compukit, Micro-Design, Level 4, Prometheus, and any drive using a Western Hard-Driving Digital controller board. Software Both drivers let you share your hard drive be- Two optimized hard disk tween LDOS 5.1 and TRS- drivers from Powersoft DOS 6.0. (11500 Stemmons Freeway, Reader Service s 562 Suite 125, Dallas, TX 75229, 214-484-2976) offer Model 1/III/4/4P owners with hard drives greater The Phoneman flexibility than standard Always Rings Twice MODEL 2000. 768K 2 DR. drivers. (10 MEG. HARD DRIVE - BUILT IN) The Series R/S driver When lightning strikes (S99) for Radio Shack hard you need to protect more drives runs with the Model than your computer's pow- v: SAVE SALES TAX* I/HI under LDOS or with er supply; your modem's & the Model 4/4P under phone line connections can PLUS DISCOUNT & TRADE MARK TRSDOS 6.0. These driv- wreak havoc on your •TEXAS RESIDENTS ADD ONLV 4 OF RADIO SHACK ers offer full partitioning system. flexibility by the head off- The Kleen Line security set or cylinder offset meth- system uses metal oxide od, and can address the varistor and gas discharge FORT WORTH COMPUTERS maximum logical drive size tube technology to sup- of 13 megabytes in one par- press telephone and power WE ARE SERIOUS ABOUT SAVING YOU MONEY tition. line surges caused by light- (Located 30 miles from Fort Worth) feature for- The Install ning, spherics, or phone of- 377 Plaza • GRANBURY • NR FORT WORTH. TEXAS 76048 mats, verifies, and sets up fice switching equipment. the drive to your specifica- Models are available for TOLL FREE: 1-800-433-S-A-V-E Monday thru Friday — 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Texas Time tions, then produces a con- 4-pin modular connectors (Order Inquiries/Customer Service &)IN TEXAS:817-573-41U

80 Micro, November 1984 • 201 '

NEW PRODUCTS

($65.95) and 8-pin connec- compiler for the Model 16 tors ($130.95). Both mod- TRS-Xenix multiuser devel- els include a 6, 500- amp opment system ($699) pro- suppressor to protect your vides more readable Pascal modem's power line. syntax and improved error For more information diagnostics. contact Electronic Special- The Pascal-2 compiler

ists Inc., 171 S. Main St., produces faster, more com- Natick, MA 01760, 617- pact code than C, and trans- 655-1532. lates existing Pascal appli- Reader Service *s 569 cations to TRS-Xenix from other operating systems. Pascal-2 programs can The Gang's AH Here call C or Assembly-lan- Gangbox ($49.95) ex- guage subroutines to run pands your RS-232 serial existing TRS-Xenix soft- port to accept three periph- ware, and you can move Gangbox expands your RS-232 port to accept three peripherals. erals, and lets you switch Pascal-2 programs to other back and forth between operating systems that use your modem, printer, plot- switch to the proper set- Berkeley, CA 94710, 415- standard Pascal compilers. ter, or other devices. ting. 486-0686. The compiler features You provide standard Gangbox comes in a Reader Service • 571 nine types of code optimi- male-to-female extension sealed, die cast aluminum zations and type-compati- cable: Gangbox does the case and includes a one Model 16 Pascal bility checks during compi- Run-time checking rest. Plug your peripherals year warranty on parts and Compiler lation. into the A, B, and C con- labor. For more informa- detects array index, input/ nectors and run your pe- tion contact E-Systems, Oregon Software's Pas- output, arithmetic, and oth- ripherals by turning the Berkeley, 2308 Fourth St., cal-2 high-performance er errors. FREE SHIPPING WE IB - DISEETTES MODEL III MODEL 4 West Coast'Call" Central & East 'Call*' 1(800) 621-6221 1(800) 654-4058 Discounts Starting at 3. Box Quantities QDysan maxell Verbatim sVDatalife 3^i CALL •tf- s-side 10^5 s-side d-den. XO o-sioe 0A 3? d-den. L*l s-sidoOA95 quad J V d-side0Q$5 quad ?Jv

• gDatalife s-side 5 s-den. 24 s-side 0£9j5 d-den. Z0 Stale or the ai technology ,n boa'd design our direc rpp a-p—e-' V Radio Shack s' internal RS 233 board mounts ms.de the Model HI of 4 pi ">» e.stng brackets All d-side d-side 0195 cables, screws and complete mounting instructions are nc -Jed Non-techns maintained .1196) ) Software 'ates to 1 aie with dciooa....1395 (3fe". (5W.II Kits 520 programmable h»ud irom so 9.200 baud supported along DC300A...184P DISK MINDERS programmable word length stop bits, and parity May be utiined Hi either halt of »uii Refills... 955 dupie. operation Otit.l.ndJn* VMM DC30QXL2025 (5V4 . .1675) (8". 2150) Analizers 2500 95 DC600A..244S 1 BULK PACKED DISKS CALL Only «69. Diskettes Dealer Inquiries Meed On : „ Ye ngv 10/Box Welcomed Dearer '*i -nied Pleaae forward payment by a cashier's 1(800) 654-40581 QfgKJBF check o* money ordar. Di$ette4 Visa oc Mastercharge also accepted Add S3 0C shipping & handling »'4/l>0-l JJl (Foreign orders quoted on request) P Delivery Only Add-on orders under 35* or 20 diskj 202 • 80 Micro, November 1984 NEW PRODUCTS

Pascal-2 includes a adventure game for the

user's manual and intro- Models I and III that com- ductory textbook for the bines the suspense of pri- Pascal programmer, and is vate eye adventure novels available at Radio Shack with the excitement of an stores. Contact Oregon adventure game. Software Inc. (2340 S. W. You are Sam Steele, a Canyon Road, Portland, streetwise, but down-on- OR 97201) for more infor- your-luck private eye out to mation. solve the case of your life. Reader Service 566 • As you wander through the game's 130 rooms, you en- Watt's Up counter an assortment of characters. By simply walking across Give yourseff an honorable discharge by using Static Strip before touch- The game starts with a the office rug, you build up ing your keyboard. call from one of the city's static electricity in your most prominent citizens. body that will zap your ducts charges away from Inc., 950 S. Cherry St., After that it's a race against computer as soon as you your computer. Touch the Suite 920, Denver, CO time as you use your wits touch the keyboard. strip before touching the 80222, 303-759-0368 for and intuition check out Static Strip ($14.95) keyboard to drain away further information. to leads and solve the case. eliminates static buildup static electricity. Reader Service ^ 573 problems by constantly dis- The strip dissipates up to For more information sipating static electricity as 30,000 volts of static Stories of Steele contact Allegro Software, you use your computer. charge in 3/10 of a second P.O. Box And Stone 6593, Station J, Static Strip mounts on your without arcing or any static Ottawa, Ontario, Canada computer's space bar and a sensation to your fingers. Sam Steele and the Stone K2A3Y7. small grounding wire con- Contact Take Charge Girl ($24.95) is a private eye Reader Service ^ 561

ALWAYS AT TDC.QfY ALWAYS AT SALE PRICES SALE PRICES OUR TRS-80s Have the Radio Shack warranty COMPUTER, WE SHIP

Center FAST! DI U COMPUTES CENTER *2 326 MAIN ST.. GRAPEVINE TEXAS 76051 HARD DISK DRIVES — (817) 481-7283 MODEL 12 i ST— To get YOUR SALE price CALL: 1 i -800-433 -S A L E I I I I I tiki ...... • I

' a. 1 DOT MATRIX PRINTERS DAISY WHEEL PRINTERS

MODEL 4-P MODEL4

•» See List Ot Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 203 NEW PRODUCTS

Flash Mail Other features include a DIFFERENT TRACK dumb terminal emulation word Electronic mail mode for remote systems, forms manage- processing, automatic error checking Computer Psychology mailing list ment, manage- retransmission, and a and The alarm clock rings at 8:30, but you don't hear it. ment, and communications data capture feature for You were on the computer until 4:30 this morning. capability you can do it — saving transcripts of ses- You're going to be late for work again and your kids all on your Model 2000 sions to disk. aren't speaking to you anymore. Your computer hack- with Flash-Corn. Term is $295 from Centu- ing has turned you into a computer addict. This electronic mail inte- ry Software, 9558 S. Pine- Counseling might help, but you hate the idea of a grated software package dale, Sandy, UT 84092, face-to-face encounter. If your computer is running lets you create a letter using 801-943-8386. your life, or if you're suffering from stress, loneliness, an internal module, Lotus Service 570 Reader • anxiety, depression, or other of life's problems, call Tele- 1-2-3, dBase II, or any other Psych for help. software package. This 24-hour system, run by Dr. Timothy Miller, a It features auto-dial, real Video Computer licensed clinical psychologist, is open to anyone with a time mailing, message stor- Tutorials computer and a modem. ing and forwarding, and an If you've got a VCR and Established clients prepare communications and interface for a dozen car- want to learn more about transmit their messages to TelePsych, then call back riers, including EasyLink your Model 4, Embassy after seven days for Dr. Miller's reply. and MCI Mail. Home Entertainment (1901 Dr. Miller charges by the word: 7/10 of a cent per Flash-Corn has search Avenue of the Stars, Los word sent, and 2 cents per word for Dr. Miller's capabilities for on-line data 213- Angeles, CA 90067, replies. Clients must send a $25 deposit against ser- bases such as The Source, 553-3600) offers Compu- vices. Delphi, CompuServe, In- Tutor, a series of 1 '/2-hour On-line pamphlets containing brief advice on com- stant Yellow Pages, and videocassette tutorials that puter addiction, how to choose a therapist, quitting NewsNet, and works with cover four applications smoking, anorexia, and other subjects are available dumb or smart modems. programs. free to callers. The package is $299 fast- Modules teach the TelePsych is less expensive than face-to-face from Omni Computer Sys- est, most convenient, and counseling, and is especially suited to persons with tems Inc., P.O. Box 162, least intimidating way to relatively minor problems. Chestnut Hill, MA 02167, use your computer and ap- Access TelePsych at 209-473-8296. Parameters are 617-825-6700. plications software. 8-bit word, 1 stop bit, 300 baud. If you have trouble ac- Reader Service • 572 "Using Your Machine" cessing the system, call 209-473-4211, or write Dr. introduces you to comput- Miller at 2155 W. March Lane, #2B, Stockton, CA hooking up Communications on er jargon, 95207. equipment, how to use the Reader Service «^ 564 Your Terms keyboard and special func- Century Software's Term tion keys, operating system communications software commands, using printers, Xenix systems and using software. for Model 16 New Products Index combines sophisticated "Using VisiCalc" shows Reader Service communications capabili- the basic properties and ap- Number Company Page ties with ease of use. plications of the VisiCalc 561 Allegro Software 203 Term lets nontechnical electronic spreadsheet. The S60 Automation Facilities Corp. 198 Xenix users communicate video shows VisiCalc screen 570 Century Software 204 through the serial port with displays. 553 Comp Plus Systems Inc. 194 remote systems, modems, "Using WordStar" shows 559 Compugreet 199 564 Dr. Timothy Miller 204 and lap-sized and portable the use and application of 569 Electronic Specialists Inc. 201 the International's computers outside Micropro 568 Embassy Home Entertainment 204 Xenix environment. word processing program 571 E-Systems 202 You can transfer ASCII for CP/M Plus. "Using 563 Falcon Safety Products Inc. 200 and binary data between dBase II" shows how to 556 Keene Computing Services Co. 199 555 Micro Mining and Assay Co. 194 Xenix and other systems via use Ashton-Tate's relation- 551 Noteworthy Software Consulting Co. 194 direct cable or modem, and al data base program. 572 Omni Computer Systems Inc. 204 you can select carriage re- Videocassettes are avail- 566 Oregon Software 202 turns or line feeds for text able in VHS or Beta format 562 Powersoft 201 558 Prometheus Products Inc. 198 file compatibility between and are $69.95 each. 554 Robert J. Brady Co. 196 systems. Reader Service »^ 568 573 Take Charge Inc. 203 552 Tandy Corporation/Radio Shack 194 New Products listings are based on information supplied in manufactur- 565 Teal Industries Inc. 194 ers' press releases. 80 Micro has not tested or reviewed these products and 557 The Alternate Source 196 cannot guarantee any claims.

204 • 80 Micro, November 1984 CBUG The ultimate TRS-80 Model 100 debugging utility for assembly PERIPHERAL SWITCH language programs and/or subroutines called from BASIC. Re- quires less than 3K RAM. AUTOMATIC Features include: SWITCHES • Instruction Step • Dump Memory & Regulars for hisRiail • Cell/lnatruction Step SearcnfRvplacv • • ZeroiT ill Memory HEX Mem ( & -I Fast, easy, automatic way to share a • Load Data » Decimal HEX Conversion • ANer Registers • Display in HEX I ASCII printer or modem among many com- DeMOM puters. No software required. RS232 or disk/file organizer that provides automatic date An advanced Centronics. It scans for peripheral re- stamping of tiles and disks during adds/updates when utilizing OOSPLUS 3.5 and DOSPLUS 3.5 formatted disks. Automatic read- quest, connects to the peripheral, ing of disk directory for most DOS directories. Requires 32K - 2 handles all hardware handshaking, and Disk Drive System. Features include: releases the port. LEDs display chan- Menu Dnven • Correction Facilities • Status • Printing nel selected and busy status. Attractive • Searching • Descriptions aluminum box. # channels-price: Mail this order form to: SUN Software 2-S200 4-S250 6-S30O 8-S350 3228 5th Avenue .'3: Beaver FaHs, Pa. 15010 ftc. MANUAL SWITCHES Call for COD. (412) 843-1597 " FOR TRS-80 Please rush my order for: Dot Matrix Printer interlaces with TRS-S0 - Uses CBUG Model 100 Debug Utility PC board and aluminum box. Featuring a TRS-80 compatible parallel inter- Tape J29.95 Disk • $34.85 n lines switched RS232-10 Cent-20 face. Addmaster Corporation has produced a new DISKDIR OISK/FILE ORGANIZER RS232 l:2$59(wow) 1.4 matrix printer, 170. The Interface in- Tape $29.95 Disk $34.95 $99 dot Model and DB-25 in Cashiers Check, Money Order or COD orders only please Centronics 1:2 $99 1:4 $179 cludes a Centronics-type handshake and day— and time Free book with each order entitled tertace connector. Baudot, clock. The Model 170 provides 18 or 21 characters address . Serial and Parallel Explained per line, 6 lines per Inch print density, on standard CITY ROSE MC AND VISA 2Vi" adding machine tape. Designed to use with iiicT«o«cs (7 13)240- ROSE personal computers, Model 170 will produce hard P.O. Box 742571 Houston, Tx 77274 and carbonless copies of programs, data or results. Write Addmaster Corporation. 416 Junipero Serra • 53 Dr.. San Gabriel. CA 91776 or call 213/285-1121.

TRS-80 - GENEALOGY Debug Programs Fatter! SOFTWARE NEW! Lower Prices!! DPiT('or Debugging Programs by Interpretive GENSYSTEMS 1.3 Tracing) is a sophisticated tool with which you can Models I and III explore and debug machine language programs. 1.3 TRSDOS" 2.3 in the COMMAND mode, it will step through $128.45 machine wabash language programs one instruction at at six-year warranteed (>-( RAB 5.0 time or a block ot instructions, showing you the Models 4 and 4P address, hexadecimal value, Zilog mnemonic, TRSDOS' 6.x re'erenced registers contents and referenced DISKETTES! $195. (X) RAM contents tor each instruction The 7 dit (.-CRAB 5.0 terent COMMAND mode commands include load $13.90/box (10) 5%" single -side, single-density; Models II. 12. and 16 a program '-om disk, output to line printer c video double-density 1' display add $2/box Add $3 per order shipping. In Illinois TRSDOS' 2.0a TRSDOS- 1 4.2 anddetmeupto 16 different trace limits in

$195. (X) RAM The 19 commands n the DFBUG mode in add 7°h sales tax.

dude block move, execute a CALL or RST, till Library Case-$1.50 (with disk purchase) Please write lor a free software memory, find bytes, jump to address, memory Immediate shipment on VISA, MasterCard or summary packet. modification in Hex or ASCII and modify flags oi Money order; add 14 days for personal checks Send $2 (X) tor a descriptive booklet on iegiste's DPfT includes a comprehensive CALL TOLL FREE GENSYS I IMS or send S2.(K) for a booklet on sab manual available on y on disk G-CRAB (both releases). (800)222-1248 - DPIT $32.95 ARMSTRONG In Illinois Call (312) 882-8315 GK.NKAl.OGK A I. ORDERING: Specify Model 1.3. or 4 include DEALERS! SCHOOLSI USER GROUPS! SYSTEMS $2 50 'or postage and Handling Ma'yland Call for our volume discount prices!^. 367 5009 Utah Drive residents add 5%sales tax Greenville, IX 75401 McSys tems Software "«1 •102 (214) 454-8209 P.O. Box 44313 DIGITAL IMAGES Washington, D.C. 200264313 1185 Tower, Schaumburg IL 60195

PLAY CHESS WITH THE MASTERS! LNW SERVICE INTRODUCING QUALITY REPAIRS ON ALL PflSSUORDS CHESS CLASSICS LNW FACTORY ASSEMBLED Cot you down Entertaining, educational chess software PRODUCTS INCLUDING: ? to improve your chess game. • TEAM AND ALL LNW80 MODEL COMPUTERS TRS-80 Model m owner*. Have you ever forgotten, mis- spelled, or miB-eiitered ft password? Now you oan remove Each disk contains 64 games played by • SYSTEM EXPANSION II passwords from any T1U3D08 1 3 disk file with PAS8ZAP. It masters from Morphy to Fischer • LNDOUBLER AND LNDOUBLER 5/8 will also remove disk master peanrorde PAS8ZAP la aeey to use. with on screen Instructions and oomea with a oomplete and Karpov. • LNW DISK DRIVES instruction manual. PAS8ZAP requires a Model m with at Use CHESS CLASSICS to look at a great least 32K RAM and one disk drtvs. Take advantage of our COMPUTER UPGRADES: new low prloe of only (30.00 game and see if you can guess the • winner's move. CP/M 2.2 Also CASSETTE HANOMAN that runs • HARDWARE 80 x24 on a Model m with Built-in scoring system gives you an 10X RAM and offere play against the computer or a friend • MODEL 4 UPGRADE for only 1 10 00 approx. US Chess Federation rating for TO ORDER: your success in picking the right move. • TEAM UPGRADE Send check or money order along with your choice of programs. (Utah residents please add appropriate lies tax.) Available for TRS-80 Model I, III and IV OTHER PRODUCTS AVAILABLE: • KING PAWN DISK $59.95 HARD TO FIND LNW PARTS QUESTIONS?: Pie e include a SASE with all QUEEN PAWN DISK $59.95 • LNW SOFTWARE inquiries. BOTH DISKS $100.00 Editor Note: J. STAR ENTERPRISES P.O. Box 362 (CT Residents add 7Vi% sales tax) This space open for specials! Or«», Utah 84057-0362 123 Send check or money order to: WILSON TECHNICAL SERVICE "

1 27 Noteworthy •* 8:00 am — 5:00 pm (pst) AFTER 5:00 pm (pst) Software Inc. TRSDOS VOICE (714) 847-3722 DATA (714) 847-3722 and TRS-80 trademarks of Tandy Corp. 12 Noteworthy Dr., Danbury, CT 08810 300/1200 BAUD

• See List of Advertisers on Page 176 80 Micro, November 1984 • 205 MICRO MASSAGE TRS-80 SOFTWARE IEEE-488 TO TRS-80" INTERFACE A Touching Gift! Everything needed to add powerful BASIC GPIB 488 controller capability to

wnu icy oui necadUa car* TRS-80 Model 1, 3 or 4, Level 2 or 0OS logue of oy» 100 pages con with a minimum of 16K laming nund'Ms ol p«ogr»ni»

lo> ill • I'M M.

' The message is circulation and the medium I *. I " WELCOMf is ACU Pressure Point Massage WHILE YOU GAMES/DOS/UTILITIES/ \JEL WORK this ergonomic tool stimulates relax es and exercises your feet, legs and lower BUSINESS PROGRAMS

back 1 Gentle pressure rolls out fatigu&causing LOOS »tS9 9S POWEHMAIlPLUS » 199 95 Model 448-80B or 488-80C Price: $425 MUITIOOS 95 AIHBUS S 41 95 toxins, grounds static buildup and keeps your JU9 shipping insurants i tai ACCEL* ti 39 95 OATAWRItEH 1189 95 entire body healthier and more user friendly WHEN ORDERING SPECIFY DISH. OR TAPE > HiK.n J «'3 9S OHtVf RCOMPIlEB S 4 J 95 The Tootsie Roll is compatible with all hard SCIENTIFIC ENGINEERING and software systems JUMBO $ 40 95 -ENIGMA % i6 95

1 LABORATORIES It's a delicious feeling FULLY SUPPORTED COMPUTER SOFTWARE 11 Neil Drive • Old Bethpage NY 11804 Only S20.00 delivered Money Back Guarantee '''•fl»"M'» Ol 'ind?LD'|)0»«l'0" Telephone (516) 694-3370 For catalog of other ACU Massagers •203 • Trademark o' Tandy Corp send $100 to. ^v s m JSOFT There is no a/filiation between Scientific Pressure Point Products »20 ACU PO Boa 1437 WINNIPEG Manitoba R3C 224 Engineering Laboratories and Tandy Corp or P O Box 1 7278. Seattle. WA 98107 Radio Shac* (204| 942-0963 CANADA

GRAMARCY™ Quit The Word Game DISCOUNTS Wasting on all Your Time! For the Tandy 2000'" $2995 Use our friendly programs They save keystrokes speed up Basic operation if you like playing the word game in your daily TRS-80 newspaper you will love G'amarcy In this game and add extra features to most Model

the compute* will pick a word of seven to eleven 1 >' 3' 4, disk systems Try them and see letters for you to solve While you are entering COMPUTERS for yourself (or write lor information) you' solution the program will compute the coi rect answer You will be scored on the words yoo with form from the letters in the given word When you FAST4/CM0 $14.95 Radio Shack Guarantee ¥4. only Full speed no »«>e effects finish your list will be scored if high enough your score will be saved on a permanent list for that AutoPAWS $14 95 Call or word length Write For Ml /J/4 . Slops scrolling when CRT tills Free Catalog and Price List UTILIPAK $24.95 The program includes a routine which will print all Assorted utility programs lor I4U3/4. words of four or more letters contained in any MENUGEN $54 95 word you enter Another routine to not only add M3'4. includes BASIC speed up tiles and delete words but also to display any word and HARMON Add $3 pet order packing and post all its anagrams is included Write for infor more age Immediate shipment by 1st class mation and program requirements Hdw. I Supply Mail. software 307 the factory Robert I Nloolal ra N. Main 12101 N Western View 4038 N Ninth Street Denver City, Tx 79323 Oklahoma City. OK 73132 9270 St Louis. MO 53147 806-592-2472 1 ^104 •Rec Trade Mark ,tfO?5 I /r^B 3 J

FREE Subscription \ferbatim Prdblem? business software flexible disks directory 80 Micro does not keep subscription

Call Free (800) 235-4137 for records on the premises, therefore . Radio Shack's Model I 2. i calling us only adds time and doesn't prices and information Dealer & 16 solve the problem. inquiries invited COD and . ( I'M Xerox, Alio charye cards accepted • IBM PC & compatibles Please send a description of the prob- lem and your most recent address Dal ;i base manager, integrated V/S4' label to accounting package m\cntor\. word processing, and advanced PACIFIC EJOmirro • mailing list EXCHANGES Subscription Dept. 100 Foothill Blvd PO Box 981 San Luis Obispo, CA Micro Architect Inc. Farmingdale. NY 11737 9340 1 In Cal call 6 Great Pine Ave. (8(H)) 592-5935 or Burlington. MA 01803 (805) 543-1037 Thank ana you' Subscription £* 617 273-5658 r-207 you en|OV

206 • 80 Micro. November 1984 7

TRS-80 MODEL llll-IV Is your computer worth $50.00? (Software Discounts)

1. Disk Operating Systems COMPU-FIRE™ DosPlus $149.95 TRIYIA 20 oz. Halon 1211 2. Word Processing Microcomputer MScript .$79.95 THE ULTIMATE CHALLENGE Fire Extinguisher 3. Terminal Communication Mterm $79.95 For printers & peripherals too Made in USA - UL rating 2B:C BBS . $79.95 No mess - clean & sate A Factual of Obscure Knowledge 4. Assembly Language Game No CO? static to zap data INSTRUCTIONS No powder to corrode boards M/zal $149.95 A Graphic Board Game For Chrome plated DOT steel cylinder 4* Metal valve with pressure gauge 5. Accounting System TRS-80 Model III. >imvjk Height 10 in., weight 2 1'4 lbs. 2 Disk, 32K Rechargeable locally or by us MBS $250.00 5 year warranty 1 6. Custom Orders $25.00 iShippnis. Hdi Send $50 cfc, MO. VISA, MC. Business (call) IWIudcJ Shipping eV Handling LSBB PA residents add S) sales tax Call Toll Free • 27 Send Chech or Mone^ Order To: Dealer inquires uelcome. Modes 800-622-4070 Voice Hi-Desert Software PROTECTALL CORP. ILLINOIS P.O. Box 2036 Sat ONLY Mon. 5422 Page Drive, Dept. 39 29 Palms, CA 92277 Pittsburgh, PA 15236 800-942731 thru (412)882-0114 _ 69 DESIGN SOFTWARE •PI. oVI Sun. Fri. Data Protection Since 1970 Box 42847 *s 66 7-5 Las Vegas, Nv 89104 9-5

FOR MODEL 100 DATA ACQUISITION and control for ANY computer UITRMIN and MINERRL DEFICIENCY CHRRT

STRONG VERSATILE HARD COVER You- conouter mil analyze your ansaers to i9£ questions concerning your body and then print a chart shoving probable THE PERFECT SOLUTION to proper protection ot deficiencies of 33 vitamns ard minerals pins protein and fat screen, keys and key switch shafts when carrying C5Lch questions as. Do your eyes hurt iihen you go out into 7 7 7 in a briefcase, its softcase or in any case Made the sun Is your hair beginning to grey Dc you s'eep iiell of 080 inch thick super strong high impact etc e«c )

Eastman PETG plastic. [ones corpe«e aith 50 quest onnaires 50 blan« Nu'nt.onal progran forrs nstructiDns on conpleting the Nut-'tionai DESK TOP PROTECTION from dust, spills and The Model 8232 communicates via forns fron your r generated chart and an excellent things that get dropped Optically clear so auto co«pute RS-232, and has 8 analog inputs (0-5 VDC; instruction aanual and a 5 1/4 inch disK This prcgri« can put prompted messages are seen at a glance 8 bits), 8 digital inputs and outputs, and a you into a business of your oun selling nutritional programs Invert cover and THE ULTIMATE LAP MACHINE! 2000 point buffer. Suitable for field data prop legs to create stable interlocked unit add a logging or lab use, the 8232 costs only at a most comfortable lap use angle $540. Direct bus-connect unit for TRS- mmmsmm msmomss msm U. HflX ikiinii. cm. II $17.95 + $2 00 S & H CHK OR M0 TX RES ADD 5% 80/111 & 4 is $295. Detailed manual. $6.

• 64 Money back satisfaction guarantee! Phone our applications engineer or write: For Models I double density, 111/4 4BK 615 375-5355 THE SOUTHWORTH COMPANY, Dept. D C.O.D. and money STARBUCK $89 . 50 4001 HAWTHORNE AVE , DALLAS, TX 75219 ^ 4 + + orders are rush orders ^ m DATA COMPANY ^ ^ ,-140 Please Specify Model

225 Crescent St . Waltham, MA 02154 . (617) 899-6629

Where is that Control the Model 100 Directory Movie?' A/D to RS-232 Use Find it quickly, c«is//iy with CONVERTOR KIT * VHSEOTKPE * * * * UTILTY * * * • FOR ANY COMPUTER Rename files TRACKER WITH AN RS-232 PORT Relocate file position in directory • 0-5 VOLT INPUT Make files invisible • 8 CHANNEL INPUT I by tapr Ml* W Display individual file size or all ver> fast • ready lo use • 8 BIT RESOLUTION TAPE files at once TRACKER i • 300-9600 BAUD Reset Maxram, Maxfiles, • SIMPLE OPERATION phi M«ha protected memory and function • i • PS, PC BD, PARTS ->»(Vf toda* keys & MANUAL Make application programs (800)824-7888. invisible oper. 422 PLEASE SPECIf-V $59.95 & $4.00 SHIPPING Kill files

IBM PC MB I d»k nts-aoiot iii Send $29.95 (check or money order) for 48K. 2 duti instructions Tandy 2000 cassette and to: Folts Computing PRO .si ALL THIS 14820 Elmore Road 4598 Deercreek Lane Dep I Box 560 FOR ONLY: Concord. CA 94521 No Hollywood, C A 91603 Anchorage, Alaska 99516 (818) 764-3131 •39.95 (415)676-1120 (907) 345-6730 TJMMS .ISA »*X checKt I LAD fV«u-* Ml

See List ot Advertisers on Page I '6 80 Micro, November 1984 • 207 ASK TANDY How Tandy Designs and Buys Its Micros

will Starting this month, 80 Micro feature from l hefactory or the number sold to work done without having to learn " "Ask land}, a column in which the Tandy final users. Figures differ depending how to operate one of the more com- people Worth answer your questions in Ft. on whether you include floor demon- plex shells available under Xenix. about their products and services. Just to get stration equipment in the number of the hall rolling, we gave them a list of questions machines sold. Because we have no that we \e heard from TRS-80 users lately. If single definition a sale (in dollars or of it its you have a question, send it to Ask Tandy, 80 \£l Is true that Tandy has own units), we don't consider publishing Micro. 80 Pine St., Peterborough, NH 03458. subway system? sales figures to be useful. A * Yes, we do have a subway that goes from Tandy Center to our em- \£l How does Tandy/Radio Shack ployee parking area. decide what features should go into a Tandy bundle new computer? \£l Why doesn't software with its computers, as Kay- JK • Several factors go into defining pro does? \£l Why did Tandy stop publishing a new machine: available (possibly j\l We feel that each user's soft- the TRS-80 Microcomputer News'! new) technology, customer requests, ware needs are unique. Why should technical support requirements, an es- j\ I We had to make a decision: ex- we make you pay for a bundled word tablished need or market, and what pand the size of the Microcomputer processor if you don 7 want a word the competition is likely to introduce. News to IOO-plus pages so that we processor? Or make you buy a bun- could properly cover the expanding package dled data base management Radio Shack computer product tine,

that doesn 't do what you need done? \gl We hear a lot about Radio or else find some other way to provide Our philosophy is to let you choose Shack's buyers. Who are they, and that coverage and support. When the the software that's right for your ap- what do they do? News was first published it was, essen- plication. tially, the only vehicle for providing J\.l Buyers develop a product line, written support to our customers. As request and approve advertising for the product line grew, coverage in oth- their line, and make sure products are er publications (including 80 Micro^ available in the stores in the right quan- f^t When the computer industry increased. Tandy/Radio Shack feels tities. Each buyer is responsible for seems to be moving toward generic that we can provide better, more com- sales projections for his/her product. DOSes, like MS-DOS and Unix, is plete support by using the existing The computer buyers are a shy there room for a proprietary DOS like magazines than we could by compet- group, and asked that we not publish TRSDOS? ing with them for subscription dollars. their I tell that there names. can you f\l Generic DOSes certainly fill a are eight of them (and more people need in the marketplace, and to serve in the Software Product Planning that need we sell MS-DOS, CP/M, \£ I What sort of computer training Group). The current buying areas are RS-Xenix (an authorized version of do Computer Center salespeople get? for the Models I, III, 4, and 4P, edu- Unix), and OS-9, and we might sell salesperson receives ap- cation products, peripherals, comput- other operating systems as we see a f\l Each hours er accessories, the Models II, 12, and market need. proximately 100 of formal, training in areas 16, the Color Computer, the Model We also feel that there's room for classroom, hands-on history and philosophy, J 00 and Pocket Computers, and the our own DOSes. For the first-time of company techniques, specific product Tandy 2000. disk user, Disk Basic on the Color sales and training. Employees have three Computer is nearly invisible and quite complete this training and easy to use. If the user needs a more months to fig- advancement is related to the amount \2* Why doesn't Tandy release complex DOS we offer OS-9. ures showing the number of machines training they've successfully com- Traditionally Radio Shack 's DOSes of it has sold? have been designed to help and protect pleted. j\ • We think published sales figures the end user, and we think there will are confusing. Tandy/Radio Shack is always be a needfor that type of oper- TRS-80. Tandy, and TRSIX)S are registered trademarks of both the manufacturer and the retail- ating system. Even within the Xenix the Tandy Corporation MS and Xenix are trademarks of Mi- er, so we'd have to decide whether to environment established user- we a crosoft Corporation. Unix is a trademark of Bell Laborato- publish the number of units shipped friendly shell (tsh) so the user can get ries. OS 9 is a trademark of Micro ware and Motorola. Inc

208 • 80 Micro, November 1984 Introducing the Most Powerful Business Software Ever!

• " • '"• KA YPRO" TRS-80" (Model I, II, III, or 16) • APPLE" IBM OSBORNE CP/NT"*

ecNcSSftVcf^c^

ersaBusiness" Series Each VersaBusiness module can be purchased and used independently, or can be linked in any combination to form a complete, coordinated business system.

VERSARECEIVABLES" $99.95 VERSALEDGER II " $149.95 is a menu-driven accounts receivable, invoicing, and that grows your business RECEIVABLES'" complete 1 1 .FDGFR II" is a complete accounting system as month y Stat - t!.i' k d all information related to who grows VfrsaLf.dgfr IP" can be used as a simple personal checkbook register, money, and can provide automatic billing for past due ac .our company expanded to a small business bookkeeping system or developed into a large counts. Vvks-vKii ENABLES" ;>r-n- ill necessary statements, invoices, and summary corporate general ledger system without any additional software. reports and can be linked with VERSALEDOER II'" and KY". • VlksaLf.IXjKK II'" gives you almost unlimited storage capacity VERSAPaYABLES" $99.95 (300 to 10,000 entries per month, depending on the system), VERSA PA\ ABU S ' .s designed to keep track of current and aged payables, keeping you • stores all check and general ledger information forever. lUCh money your company owes, and to • prints tractor feed checks. maintains complete record on each vendor, prints checks, whom. VtRSAPAYABLES" a • handles multiple checkbooks and general ledgers, check registers, vo m .lyed payables reports, vendor reports, • prints 17 customized accounting reports including check registers, and more With VLKsaPa r"ABI ES ", you can even let your computer automatically select sheets, income statements, transaction reports, account which vouchers '• • "• paid balance listings, etc. VERSAPAYROLL" $99.95 page manual de VersaPayroll- is payroii system that VfrsaI-Hm.ek ir* comes with a professionaliy-wntten 160 keeps track of all government required payroll information Complete empbyee records signed for first time users. The VbKSALfcDGLR II" manual will help you become are ma- . ;wyroll tabulations are performed automatically, with quickly familiar with VFRSALf.DC.ER IP", using complete sample data files approval payroll can be run totally, automati totals displayed on screen for operator A supplied on diskette and more than 50 pages of sample printouts.

- ' colly, or the ( eck from being printed, oi ti information on it. If desired, totals may be posted to the Vt KsAliix.i h If" system VersaInventorv $99.95 SATISFACTION GUARANTEED!

' VlKSAh". LN I is a complete inventory control sys'em thai gives you h * . ORY™ Every VERS A BUS IN LSS mouv« .s .jvarariteed to outpertorn all other ffr r to data on any item. V reformation related to what and at alrailiunul then cos' II you are not satisfied with any VTRSAB1 SIM SS'"nvxlu VERSABl.'SINESS'- module i items are in stock, out of stock, on backorder. etc , stores sales and pricing data I may return it within 30 days for a refund Manuals for any for $25 each, credited toward a later purchase of that module. Is below a preset reorder point, and allows you to enter and print purchased BASIC crlyortolmkwrihthe\^RSAnECEiVABL£S"sytterrt VERSABWENTORV prints AJJ CP M based Computers mast he equipped with Microsoft (MBASIC or BASIC 80) all needed inventory listings, n ports Ol (ems lielow reorder point, inventory vat ports, period and year to-date sales reports, price lists, inventory checklists, etc To Order: Write or call Toll-free (800) 431-2818 > (N.Y.S. residents call 914-425-1535) • add $3 for shipping in UPS areas ' add $5 to CANADA or MEXICO * •CQrYIPUTRQNICS: * add J4 for COD or non-UPS areas ^^ add proper postage elsewhere DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME 50 N. PASCACK ROAD, SPRING VALLEY, NY. 10977 All prices and specifications subject to change Del'i

Cotp XEROX trademark Xerox Corp KAYPKO trac.. 1 EC trademark Digital Equipment Corp - ZENITH trademark Zand

•• -•.• . ^PERBRAIN Iradenu: I I ." Available in slow decay THE RESULTS ARE IMPRESSIVE. . Green or medium decay —Dennis Kitsz, 80 Microcomputing; 12/82 'European Amber" (the standard in Europe) Made with Lead/Strontium impregnated glass that stops X-ray emission. La ngley St. Clair's* Soft-View Of high-contrast face glass that also stops most (J.V. radiation.

Available in frosted glass with extra Anti-Glare Replacement CRT's benefits. eliminates the strobe, Easily installed... comes with pre-mounted hardware. flicker and fatigue Warranted for one full year against manufacturing from TRS-80's: defects or tube failure. The finest quality double-dark glass phosphor Now you can upgrade your monitor with fields to produce dramatic contrast. the new medium persistence green or Ideal for Word Processing and Programming, yet fast enough for Games and Graphics. amber phosphor tube.

State-of-the-art systems such as IBM"" ,M M lsis Soft»View CRrs and Apple IH' do not use the less costly *GN42 Green Phosphor $79.95 display it is "P4" B&W tube because *GN42G Green Phosphor w/Anti-Glare $89.95 # OR34 Amber Phosphor $89.95 actually intended for TV viewing and its # OR34G Amber Phosphor w/Anti Glare $99.95 rapid strobes times (60 per second) also available: cause irritating eye fatigue. *R22G Red Phosphor w/Anti-Glare $139.95 *B22G Blue Phosphor w/Anti-Glare $139.95

No amount of "green plastic" will solve Plus: $7.00 for packing and UPS Shipping $17.00 for Overseas. Parcel Post or UPS Blue Label this problem. But the new Soft*View Add Sales Tax where applicable. CRT display tube from Langley-St. Clair (Inquire about the CRTs we have available for many other computer models) will.

For MasterCard and Visa Orders only, call 800/221-7070 S91U • Langley-St Clair Instrumentation Systems," Inc. 132 West 24th St.. New York, h.Y. 1001 1

n available for Models 4 &1

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