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The Cornish Language in Education in the UK
The Cornish language in education in the UK European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning hosted by CORNISH The Cornish language in education in the UK | 2nd Edition | c/o Fryske Akademy Doelestrjitte 8 P.O. Box 54 NL-8900 AB Ljouwert/Leeuwarden The Netherlands T 0031 (0) 58 - 234 3027 W www.mercator-research.eu E [email protected] | Regional dossiers series | tca r cum n n i- ual e : Available in this series: This document was published by the Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism Albanian; the Albanian language in education in Italy Aragonese; the Aragonese language in education in Spain and Language Learning with financial support from the Fryske Akademy and the Province Asturian; the Asturian language in education in Spain (2nd ed.) of Fryslân. Basque; the Basque language in education in France (2nd ed.) Basque; the Basque language in education in Spain (2nd ed.) Breton; the Breton language in education in France (2nd ed.) Catalan; the Catalan language in education in France Catalan; the Catalan language in education in Spain (2nd ed.) © Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism Cornish; the Cornish language in education in the UK (2nd ed.) and Language Learning, 2019 Corsican; the Corsican language in education in France (2nd ed.) Croatian; the Croatian language in education in Austria Danish; The Danish language in education in Germany ISSN: 1570 – 1239 Frisian; the Frisian language in education in the Netherlands (4th ed.) 2nd edition Friulian; the Friulian language in education in Italy Gàidhlig; The Gaelic Language in Education in Scotland (2nd ed.) Galician; the Galician language in education in Spain (2nd ed.) The contents of this dossier may be reproduced in print, except for commercial purposes, German; the German language in education in Alsace, France (2nd ed.) provided that the extract is proceeded by a complete reference to the Mercator European German; the German language in education in Belgium Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning. -
A Brief History of the Cornish Language, Its Revival and Its Current Status
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329525331 A Brief History of the Cornish Language, its Revival and its Current Status Article · December 2013 CITATIONS READS 6 277 1 author: Siarl Ferdinand University of Wales Trinity Saint David 10 PUBLICATIONS 10 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: The Cornish revitalisation project in Cornwall and the Basque revitalisation project in Trebiñuko Barrendegia: Establishing parallels and common strategies View project All content following this page was uploaded by Siarl Ferdinand on 10 December 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. A Brief History of the Cornish Language, its Revival and its Current Status Siarl Ferdinand, University of Wales Trinity Saint David Abstract Despite being dormant during the nineteenth century, the Cornish language has been recently recognised by the British Government as a living regional language after a long period of revival. The first part of this paper discusses the history of traditional Cornish and the reasons for its decline and dismissal. The second part offers an overview of the revival movement since its beginnings in 1904 and analyses the current situation of the language in all possible domains. Keywords Cornish, Kernewek, language shift, language revitalization, linguistic background, Celtic. Overview of Historical Background The Cornish language, unlike the Anglo-Cornish dialect, which is an English dialect spoken in Cornwall, is one of the three living members of the Brythonic family, the other two being Welsh and Breton. The appearance of Cornish as a distinct language dates to about 600 AD as a result of the evolution of the Brythonic language spoken in the south-western region of Great Britain. -
Unified Inners.Indd
Raglavar a’n caderyoryon 1 An dewetha cansbledhen 3 Aswonvos a Gernewek yn dan an Chartour Ewropek rag yethow randyryel ha le-usys - An styr 4 Ple’th eson-ny lemmyn 6 An kescusulyans 8 Stratejy rag dysplegyans an yeth Kernewek 9 Vysyon 1: May ma spas rag pup huny nep a vynno dhe dhysky Kernewek yn pup grath a dhyscans 10 Vysyon 2: May ma dysky Kernewek talvethys yn forth kehaval orth dysky yethow erel 12 Vysyon 3: Mayth yu aswonys an yeth yn bewnans poblek avel ran a vry ha gwelys yn cler a’n ertach ha gonesygeth dyblans a Gernow 13 Vysyon 4: Mayth yu an yeth Kernewek aswonys dhe brofya mur dhe’n erbys Kernewek 15 Vysyon 5: Mayth omlowenha an yeth Kernewek reowta kehaval dhe’n tavasow randyryel ha le-usys erel y’n Rywvaneth Unys amyth yu yskynnys y status 16 Vysyon 6: May ma dhe’n yeth Kernewek fordhow dhe obery hag ynna ystarnath scodhyans cref bys may hallo vysyons 1-5 drehedhys 17 Nessa cammow 19 Kettesten stratejek 20 Rol a testennow 21 Tavasstratejy rag an ’’‘‘Kernewek Bagas a Gusul Cannasow a’n cowethasow ow sewya: Agan Tavas Consel Kernow (conselors ha sodhogyon) Cussell an Tavas Kernuak Dalva Consellyow Randyr Gorseth Kernow Sodhva a’n Government rag an Sothwest Institute of Cornish Studies Kesva an Taves Kernewek Kowethas an Taves Kernewek Bagas Lewyas Cannasow a Gonsel Kernow, Sothva a’n Government rag an Sothwest ha pymp esel dewys gans an kemeneth a’n tavas. George Ansell (Caderyor) Maureen Pierce Andrew Climo-Thompson Ken George Vanessa Beeman Tony Steele (GOSW) John Sawle (CCC) Jenefer Lowe (CCC) Tavasstratejy rag an ’’‘‘Kernewek Raglavar a’n caderyor Raglavar a’n caderyor a’n Raglavar An kensa stratejy ma rag an tavas Kernewek re be dysplegys ha’n kensa cam y’n keweras a’n nessa ran Chartour rag Tavasow Ranvroek ha Mynoryeth a’n Consel a Europ, ynno o ragavysys Kernewek yn Mys Merth 2003. -
A Brief History of the Cornish Language, Its Revival and Its Current Status Siarl Ferdinand University of Wales Trinity Saint David
e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies Volume 2 Cultural Survival Article 6 12-2-2013 A Brief History of the Cornish Language, its Revival and its Current Status Siarl Ferdinand University of Wales Trinity Saint David Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi Part of the Celtic Studies Commons, English Language and Literature Commons, Folklore Commons, History Commons, History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, Linguistics Commons, and the Theatre History Commons Recommended Citation Ferdinand, Siarl (2013) "A Brief History of the Cornish Language, its Revival and its Current Status," e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies: Vol. 2 , Article 6. Available at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi/vol2/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact open- [email protected]. A Brief History of the Cornish Language, its Revival and its Current Status Siarl Ferdinand, University of Wales Trinity Saint David Abstract Despite being dormant during the nineteenth century, the Cornish language has been recently recognised by the British Government as a living regional language after a long period of revival. The first part of this paper discusses the history of traditional Cornish and the reasons for its decline and dismissal. The second part offers an overview of the revival movement since its beginnings in 1904 and analyses the current situation of the language in all possible domains. -
A Proposed Standard Written Form of Cornish
A PROPOSED STANDARD WRITTEN FORM OF CORNISH This document is a draft which is submitted as part of the Cornish Language Partnership Process This document is Revision 16 14 November 2007 and is as of this date being made available to the Cornish Language Partnership’s Cornish Language Commission for scrutiny and discussion Comments may be made to the editors via the “Kernowak” discussion list. Subscription details can be found at kernowak.com A PROPOSED STANDARD WRITTEN FORM OF CORNISH © 2007 The Authors / An Auctours. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the authors. Pùb gwyr gwethys. Ny yll radn veth a’n publicyans-ma naneyl bos copies, senjys aberth in system daskefyans na treuscorrys in furv veth oll na dre vayn veth oll, poken electronek, mechanyk, drè fotocopians, drè recordyth bò fordh veth aral, heb cawas kybmyas dherag dorn dheworth an auctours. Typesetting and design by Michael Everson, Evertype, Westport, Co. Mayo, Ireland. Set in Baskerville. Olsettyans ha desynyeth gen Michael Everson, Evertype, Westport, Co. Mayo, Wordhen. Olsettys in Baskerville. ii Revision 16, 14 November 2007 A PROPOSED STANDARD WRITTEN FORM OF CORNISH CONTENTS 0. Preamble. vii 0.1. Introduction . vii 0.2. Guiding principles. vii 0.3. Compromise. ix 0.4. Paradigms . x 0.5. Aims and aspirations . xi 0.6. Signatories . xiii 1. Pronunciation and spelling . 1 1.1. Word stress . 1 1.2. Vowel length . 2 1.3. -
Orthographies and Ideologies in Revived Cornish
Orthographies and ideologies in revived Cornish Merryn Sophie Davies-Deacon MA by research University of York Language and Linguistic Science September 2016 Abstract While orthography development involves detailed linguistic work, it is particularly subject to non-linguistic influences, including beliefs relating to group identity, as well as political context and the level of available state support. This thesis investigates the development of orthographies for Cornish, a minority language spoken in the UK. Cornish is a revived language: while it is now used by several hundred people, it underwent language death in the early modern era, with the result that no one orthography ever came to take precedence naturally. During the revival, a number of orthographies have been created, following different principles. This thesis begins by giving an account of the development of these different orthographies, focusing on the context in which this took place and how contextual factors affected their implementation and reception. Following this, the situation of Cornish is compared to that of Breton, its closest linguistic neighbour and a minority language which has experienced revitalisation, and the creation of multiple orthographies, over the same period. Factors affecting both languages are identified, reinforcing the importance of certain contextual influences. After this, materials related to both languages, including language policy, examinations, and learning resources, are investigated in order to determine the extent to which they acknowledge the multiplicity of orthographies in Cornish and Breton. The results of this investigation indicate that while a certain orthography appears to have been established as a standard in the case of Breton, this cannot be said for Cornish, despite significant amounts of language planning work in this domain in recent years. -
Broadhurst, K. Cornish Language
h t t p s : / / d o i . o r g / 1 0 . 4 7 9 6 7 / Q H K F 3 7 9 1 N O V E M B E R 2 0 2 0 V O L U M E 6 T H E D E A T H A N D S U B S E Q U E N T R E V I V A L O F T H E C O R N I S H L A N G U A G E Kensa Broadhurst University of Exeter Abstract Cornish is the vernacular language of Cornwall, the most South-Western part of Great Britain. It is widely believed the language died out in the eighteenth century with the death of Dolly Pentreath, the so-called last speaker of the language. What caused the language to become extinct, and why do minority languages fall into disuse? After the subsequent Cornish language revival at the beginning of the twentieth century, what lessons can the language community learn from linguists who have researched language extinction and revival? I. Introduction po dres dispresyans heb dyskans. Gwell My a vynnsa skrifa a-dro dhe’m hwithrans yw gans nebes tus kewsel an yeth rann yn kever mernans yethow yn ollgemmyn vrassa rag achesonyow politek po erbysek, ha mernans an yeth Gernewek yn ha wosa termyn hir an poblans a dhalleth arbennek. Yn ow breus vy yma meur a dhe dhos ha bos diwyethek. Rag an nessa dhyskansow rag an gemeneth henedhow gwella yw kewsel an yeth rann kernewegoryon dhe dhyski dhyworth fatel vrassa hepken ha wortiwedh, an yeth wra hedhi mernans an yethow. -
Cornish Language Partnership
Cornish Language Partnership Date: 7 Sept 2006, 10am – 4pm Venue: Grenville Room, New County Hall, Truro AGENDA 1. Apologies 2. Declarations of interest 3. Minutes of the meeting of 7 July 4. Matters Arising 5. Manager’s report 6. Financial report 7. Applications for membership 8. Design work 9. Conference 10. Single written form process 11. Work programme 12. Date of next meeting Notes 1. The meeting will break for lunch at 1pm. The Cornish Language Development Project is part funded by the European Union, the Department for Communities and Local Government and Cornwall County Council. Cornish Language Partnership Minutes of the meeting held 8 September 2006 at New County Hall, Truro, 10am – 4pm. Present: Cllr. Eric Brooke, Cornwall County Council Cllr. Loveday Jenkin, Kerrier District Council George Ansell, Gorseth Kernow Jan Edmondson, Kowethas an Yeth Kernewek Maureen Pierce, Kesva an Taves Kernewek Cllr. Bert Biscoe, Cornwall & Isles of Scilly Economic Forum Mina Dresser, Cussel an Tavas Kernuack Ray Chubb, Agan Tavas Cllr. Patricia Sanderson, Penwith District Council Cllr. Roger Holmes, Cornwall Association of Local Councils Bernard Deacon, Institute of Cornish Studies Richard Gambier, CAPH Cllr Ron Overd, Caradon District Council Cllr. Shirley Polmounter, Restormel Borough Council Attending: John Sawle, Cornwall County Council Tony Steele, Government Office for the South West Jenefer Lowe (Development Manager) Elizabeth Stewart (Administrator) 1. Apologies: Mark Williams Learning Skills Council Laurence Rule, Kowethas an Yeth Kernewek (rep. by Jan Edmondson) Cllr John Chapman, North Cornwall District Council 2. Declarations of interest None. 3. Minutes The minutes of the meeting of 7 July were agreed as a true record. -
An Outline of the Standard Written Form of Cornish
An Outline of the Standard Written Form of Cornish Albert Bock Benjamin Bruch 3 Metheven 2008 First edition 2008 ©2008 Cornish Language Partnership ISBN 978-1-903798-56-0 Acknowledgements Although it bears the names of Albert Bock and Benjamin Bruch as editors and principal authors, this specification is actually the work of many hands. Credit for the development of the Standard Written Form lies with the members of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Cornish Language Partnership: Mr Jori Ansell, Mr Andrew Climo- Thompson, Dr Bernard Deacon, Mrs Mina Dresser, Mr Pol Hodge, Dr Loveday Jenkin, Mr Rod Lyon, and Ms Polin Pris, who met in November 2007, December 2007, and March 2008 to work out the details of the agreement described in this document. Thanks are also due to Dr Trond Trosterud, who in his role as Arbiter chaired the Ad Hoc Committee and guided its members in reaching final decisions, and to the panel of linguistic advisors who lent their considerable expertise to the deliberations: Mr Michael Everson, Dr Ken George, Mr Dan Ryan-Prohaska, Mr Keith Syed, and Prof. Nicholas Williams. Two other groups also made substantial contributions to the process of establishing the Standard Written Form. Prof. Joshua Fishman, Mr Dónall Ó Riagáin, Mr Chaspar Pult, Prof. Miquel Strubell, Dr Trond Trosterud, and Prof. Colin Williams comprised the Cornish Language Commission, who, drawing upon their considerable expertise in minority language revitalisation and orthographic design, evaluated the various proposals made by language groups and members of the Cornish community, and made the recommendations which led to the formation of the Ad Hoc Committee and guided its deliberations. -
The Agan Tavas
Agan Tavas—The Society for the Promotion of the Cornish Language SUBMISSION TO THE COMMISSION OF EXPERTS— CORNISH LANGUAGE PARTNERSHIP History of the reason for the reformation of Agan Tavas In September 1986 Dr Kenneth George published The Pronunciation and Spelling of Revived Cornish which set out his proposals for what came to be known as Common Cornish. This followed his thesis submitted at the University of Rennes. On the 13th June 1987 a meeting was called by the Cornish Language Board at the Friends’ Meeting House, Truro, in order to discuss a proposal to adopt Dr George’s theories with the aim that his system would eventually replace Unified Cornish, the spelling system which had been the basis of the revival since 1929. Cornish users were given only 2 weeks notice—others as little as 48 hours and that only by chance—that this meeting was taking place. It was not surprising therefore that attendance at this meeting was only 40 people. Annual Language Weekends, (all Unified users), at this time were attracting about 200 people. The meeting was conducted through high register Cornish thus excluding less able speakers. A vote was taken, (despite there being no mention of this on the meeting’s agenda) and this in the afternoon, when many of those present in the morning had left because of a meeting of the Cornish Eisteddfod. Those remaining made a decision to adopt Dr George’s new spelling with 3 people voting against. At a meeting of the Cornish Language Board in the following July a vote was also carried to adopt Dr George’s proposals and it was suggested that Unified Cornish would be phased out within a period of 5 years. -
Names, Varieties and Ideologies in Revived Cornish
Studia Celtica Posnaniensia, Vol 2 (1), 2017 doi: 10.1515/scp-2017-0005 NAMES, VARIETIES AND IDEOLOGIES IN REVIVED CORNISH MERRYN DAVIES-DEACON Queen’s University Belfast ABSTRACT The attribution of names is a significant process that often highlights concerns over identity, ideology and ownership. Within the fields of minority languages and Celtic Studies, such concerns are especially pertinent given that the identities in question are frequently perceived as under threat from dominant cultures. The effect of concerns caused by this can be examined with reference to revived Cornish, which became divided into three major varieties in the later twentieth century; by examining the names of these varieties, we can draw conclusions about how they are perceived, or we are invited to perceive them. The motivations of those involved in the Cornish language revival are equally reflected in the names of the organisations and bodies they have formed, which equally contribute to the legitimation of revived Cornish. This paper examines both these categories of name, as well as the phenomenon of Kernowisation, a term coined by Harasta (2013) to refer to the adoption of Cornish personal names, and here extended to the use of Cornish names in otherwise English-language contexts. Examining the names that have been implemented during the Cornish language revival, and the ways in which they are used or indeed refused by those involved, gives us an insight into the various ideologies that steer the revival process. Within the context of the precarious nature of Cornish and Celtic identity, we can identify the concerns of those involved in the Cornish revival movement and highlight the role of naming as an activity of legitimation, showing how the diversity of names that occur reflects an equally diverse range of motivations and influences. -
Employing Cornish Cultures for Community Resilience
Employing Cornish Cultures for Community Resilience. Submitted by Neil Patrick Martyn Kennedy to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Cornish Studies. Submitted in February 2013. This thesis is available for the library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other university. Signature: …………………………………….. 1 Abstract. Employing Cornish Cultures for Community Resilience. Can cultural distinctiveness be used to strengthen community bonds, boost morale and equip and motivate people socially and economically? Using the witness of people in Cornwall and comparative experiences, this discussion combines a review of how cultures are commodified and portrayed with reflections on well-being and ‘emotional prosperity’.1 Cornwall is a relatively poor European region with a cultural identity that inspires an established ethno-cultural movement and is the symbolic basis of community awareness and aspiration, as well as the subject of contested identities and representations. At the heart of this is an array of cultures that is identified as Cornish, including a distinct post-industrial inheritance, the Cornish Language and Celtic Revivalism. Cultural difference has long been a resource for cultural industries and tourism and discussion of using culture for regeneration has accordingly concentrated almost exclusively on these sectors but an emergent ‘regional distinctiveness agenda’ is beginning to present Cornish cultures as an asset for use in branding and marketing other sectors.