Supplemental Methods Definition of Clinical Outcomes and Statistics
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Understanding Molecular Functions of the SMC5/6 Complex
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Review Scaffolding for Repair: Understanding Molecular Functions of the SMC5/6 Complex Mariana Diaz 1,2 and Ales Pecinka 1,* ID 1 Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IEB), Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelu˚ 31, 77900 Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic 2 Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +420-585-238-709 Received: 15 November 2017; Accepted: 4 January 2018; Published: 12 January 2018 Abstract: Chromosome organization, dynamics and stability are required for successful passage through cellular generations and transmission of genetic information to offspring. The key components involved are Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes. Cohesin complex ensures proper chromatid alignment, condensin complex chromosome condensation and the SMC5/6 complex is specialized in the maintenance of genome stability. Here we summarize recent knowledge on the composition and molecular functions of SMC5/6 complex. SMC5/6 complex was originally identified based on the sensitivity of its mutants to genotoxic stress but there is increasing number of studies demonstrating its roles in the control of DNA replication, sister chromatid resolution and genomic location-dependent promotion or suppression of homologous recombination. Some of these functions appear to be due to a very dynamic interaction with cohesin or other repair complexes. Studies in Arabidopsis indicate that, besides its canonical function in repair of damaged DNA, the SMC5/6 complex plays important roles in regulating plant development, abiotic stress responses, suppression of autoimmune responses and sexual reproduction. -
(SLC3A2) Sustains Amino Acid and Nucleotide Availability for Cell Cycle
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN CD98hc (SLC3A2) sustains amino acid and nucleotide availability for cell cycle progression Received: 16 April 2019 Sara Cano-Crespo1, Josep Chillarón2, Alexandra Junza3,4, Gonzalo Fernández-Miranda1, Accepted: 13 September 2019 Judit García5,6, Christine Polte7, Laura R. de la Ballina 8,9, Zoya Ignatova7, Óscar Yanes 3,4, Published: xx xx xxxx Antonio Zorzano 1,4,10, Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini 1 & Manuel Palacín1,6,10 CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc) forms heteromeric amino acid (AA) transporters by interacting with diferent light chains. Cancer cells overexpress CD98hc-transporters in order to meet their increased nutritional and antioxidant demands, since they provide branched-chain AA (BCAA) and aromatic AA (AAA) availability while protecting cells from oxidative stress. Here we show that BCAA and AAA shortage phenocopies the inhibition of mTORC1 signalling, protein synthesis and cell proliferation caused by CD98hc ablation. Furthermore, our data indicate that CD98hc sustains glucose uptake and glycolysis, and, as a consequence, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Thus, loss of CD98hc triggers a dramatic reduction in the nucleotide pool, which leads to replicative stress in these cells, as evidenced by the enhanced DNA Damage Response (DDR), S-phase delay and diminished rate of mitosis, all recovered by nucleoside supplementation. In addition, proper BCAA and AAA availability sustains the expression of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. In this regard, BCAA and AAA shortage results in decreased content of deoxynucleotides that triggers replicative stress, also recovered by nucleoside supplementation. On the basis of our fndings, we conclude that CD98hc plays a central role in AA and glucose cellular nutrition, redox homeostasis and nucleotide availability, all key for cell proliferation. -
The Genome of Schmidtea Mediterranea and the Evolution Of
OPEN ArtICLE doi:10.1038/nature25473 The genome of Schmidtea mediterranea and the evolution of core cellular mechanisms Markus Alexander Grohme1*, Siegfried Schloissnig2*, Andrei Rozanski1, Martin Pippel2, George Robert Young3, Sylke Winkler1, Holger Brandl1, Ian Henry1, Andreas Dahl4, Sean Powell2, Michael Hiller1,5, Eugene Myers1 & Jochen Christian Rink1 The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea is an important model for stem cell research and regeneration, but adequate genome resources for this species have been lacking. Here we report a highly contiguous genome assembly of S. mediterranea, using long-read sequencing and a de novo assembler (MARVEL) enhanced for low-complexity reads. The S. mediterranea genome is highly polymorphic and repetitive, and harbours a novel class of giant retroelements. Furthermore, the genome assembly lacks a number of highly conserved genes, including critical components of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint, but planarians maintain checkpoint function. Our genome assembly provides a key model system resource that will be useful for studying regeneration and the evolutionary plasticity of core cell biological mechanisms. Rapid regeneration from tiny pieces of tissue makes planarians a prime De novo long read assembly of the planarian genome model system for regeneration. Abundant adult pluripotent stem cells, In preparation for genome sequencing, we inbred the sexual strain termed neoblasts, power regeneration and the continuous turnover of S. mediterranea (Fig. 1a) for more than 17 successive sib- mating of all cell types1–3, and transplantation of a single neoblast can rescue generations in the hope of decreasing heterozygosity. We also developed a lethally irradiated animal4. Planarians therefore also constitute a a new DNA isolation protocol that meets the purity and high molecular prime model system for stem cell pluripotency and its evolutionary weight requirements of PacBio long-read sequencing12 (Extended Data underpinnings5. -
Abnormal Spermatogenesis and Reduced Fertility in Transition Nuclear Protein 1-Deficient Mice
Abnormal spermatogenesis and reduced fertility in transition nuclear protein 1-deficient mice Y. Eugene Yu*†,Yun Zhang*, Emmanual Unni*‡, Cynthia R. Shirley*, Jian M. Deng§, Lonnie D. Russell¶, Michael M. Weil*, Richard R. Behringer§, and Marvin L. Meistrich*ʈ Departments of *Experimental Radiation Oncology, and §Molecular Genetics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4095; and ¶Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901 Edited by Richard D. Palmiter, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, and approved February 22, 2000 (received for review May 3, 1999) Transition nuclear proteins (TPs), the major proteins found in (15), suggesting some functional relationship between the three chromatin of condensing spermatids, are believed to be important proteins exists. Tnp1, however, is on a separate chromosome and for histone displacement and chromatin condensation during is not clearly related to the other three proteins. mammalian spermatogenesis. We generated mice lacking the ma- In vitro, TP1 decreases the melting temperature of DNA (16) jor TP, TP1, by targeted deletion of the Tnp1 gene in mouse and relaxes the DNA in nucleosomal core particles (17), which embryonic stem cells. Surprisingly, testis weights and sperm pro- led to the proposal that TP1 reduces the interaction of DNA duction were normal in the mutant mice, and only subtle abnor- with the nucleosome core. In contrast, TP2 increases the malities were observed in sperm morphology. Electron microscopy melting temperature of DNA and compacts the DNA in revealed large rod-like structures in the chromatin of mutant step nucleosomal cores, suggesting that it is a DNA-condensing 13 spermatids, in contrast to the fine chromatin fibrils observed in protein (18). -
Antibodies Products
Chapter 2 : Gentaur Products List • Human Signal peptidase complex catalytic subunit • Human Sjoegren syndrome nuclear autoantigen 1 SSNA1 • Human Small proline rich protein 2A SPRR2A ELISA kit SEC11A SEC11A ELISA kit SpeciesHuman ELISA kit SpeciesHuman SpeciesHuman • Human Signal peptidase complex catalytic subunit • Human Sjoegren syndrome scleroderma autoantigen 1 • Human Small proline rich protein 2B SPRR2B ELISA kit SEC11C SEC11C ELISA kit SpeciesHuman SSSCA1 ELISA kit SpeciesHuman SpeciesHuman • Human Signal peptidase complex subunit 1 SPCS1 ELISA • Human Ski oncogene SKI ELISA kit SpeciesHuman • Human Small proline rich protein 2D SPRR2D ELISA kit kit SpeciesHuman • Human Ski like protein SKIL ELISA kit SpeciesHuman SpeciesHuman • Human Signal peptidase complex subunit 2 SPCS2 ELISA • Human Skin specific protein 32 C1orf68 ELISA kit • Human Small proline rich protein 2E SPRR2E ELISA kit kit SpeciesHuman SpeciesHuman SpeciesHuman • Human Signal peptidase complex subunit 3 SPCS3 ELISA • Human SLAIN motif containing protein 1 SLAIN1 ELISA kit • Human Small proline rich protein 2F SPRR2F ELISA kit kit SpeciesHuman SpeciesHuman SpeciesHuman • Human Signal peptide CUB and EGF like domain • Human SLAIN motif containing protein 2 SLAIN2 ELISA kit • Human Small proline rich protein 2G SPRR2G ELISA kit containing protein 2 SCUBE2 ELISA kit SpeciesHuman SpeciesHuman SpeciesHuman • Human Signal peptide CUB and EGF like domain • Human SLAM family member 5 CD84 ELISA kit • Human Small proline rich protein 3 SPRR3 ELISA kit containing protein -
Supp Table 6.Pdf
Supplementary Table 6. Processes associated to the 2037 SCL candidate target genes ID Symbol Entrez Gene Name Process NM_178114 AMIGO2 adhesion molecule with Ig-like domain 2 adhesion NM_033474 ARVCF armadillo repeat gene deletes in velocardiofacial syndrome adhesion NM_027060 BTBD9 BTB (POZ) domain containing 9 adhesion NM_001039149 CD226 CD226 molecule adhesion NM_010581 CD47 CD47 molecule adhesion NM_023370 CDH23 cadherin-like 23 adhesion NM_207298 CERCAM cerebral endothelial cell adhesion molecule adhesion NM_021719 CLDN15 claudin 15 adhesion NM_009902 CLDN3 claudin 3 adhesion NM_008779 CNTN3 contactin 3 (plasmacytoma associated) adhesion NM_015734 COL5A1 collagen, type V, alpha 1 adhesion NM_007803 CTTN cortactin adhesion NM_009142 CX3CL1 chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 adhesion NM_031174 DSCAM Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule adhesion NM_145158 EMILIN2 elastin microfibril interfacer 2 adhesion NM_001081286 FAT1 FAT tumor suppressor homolog 1 (Drosophila) adhesion NM_001080814 FAT3 FAT tumor suppressor homolog 3 (Drosophila) adhesion NM_153795 FERMT3 fermitin family homolog 3 (Drosophila) adhesion NM_010494 ICAM2 intercellular adhesion molecule 2 adhesion NM_023892 ICAM4 (includes EG:3386) intercellular adhesion molecule 4 (Landsteiner-Wiener blood group)adhesion NM_001001979 MEGF10 multiple EGF-like-domains 10 adhesion NM_172522 MEGF11 multiple EGF-like-domains 11 adhesion NM_010739 MUC13 mucin 13, cell surface associated adhesion NM_013610 NINJ1 ninjurin 1 adhesion NM_016718 NINJ2 ninjurin 2 adhesion NM_172932 NLGN3 neuroligin -
PAX3-FOXO1 Candidate Interactors
Supplementary Table S1: PAX3-FOXO1 candidate interactors Total number of proteins: 230 Nuclear proteins : 201 Exclusive unique peptide count RH4 RMS RMS RMS Protein name Gen name FLAG#1 FLAG#2 FLAG#3 FLAG#4 Chromatin regulating complexes Chromatin modifying complexes: 6 Proteins SIN 3 complex Histone deacetylase complex subunit SAP18 SAP18 2664 CoRESt complex REST corepressor 1 RCOR1 2223 PRC1 complex E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING2 RNF2/RING1B 1420 MLL1/MLL complex Isoform 14P-18B of Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MLL MLL/KMT2A 0220 WD repeat-containing protein 5 WDR5 2460 Isoform 2 of Menin MEN1 3021 Chromatin remodelling complexes: 22 Proteins CHD4/NuRD complex Isoform 2 of Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 4 CHD4 3 21 6 0 Isoform 2 of Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A KDM1A/LSD1a 3568 Histone deacetylase 1 HDAC1b 3322 Histone deacetylase 2 HDAC2b 96710 Histone-binding protein RBBP4 RBBP4b 10 7 6 7 Histone-binding protein RBBP7 RBBP7b 2103 Transcriptional repressor p66-alpha GATAD2A 6204 Metastasis-associated protein MTA2 MTA2 8126 SWI/SNF complex BAF SMARCA4 isoform SMARCA4/BRG1 6 13 10 0 AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A ARID1A/BAF250 2610 SWI/SNF complex subunit SMARCC1 SMARCC1/BAF155c 61180 SWI/SNF complex subunit SMARCC2 SMARCC2/BAF170c 2200 Isoform 2 of SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 1 SMARCD1/BAF60ac 2004 Isoform 2 of SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 3 SMARCD3/BAF60cc 7209 -
Anti-SMC6 (S7822)
Anti-SMC6 produced in rabbit, IgG fraction of antiserum Catalog Number S7822 Product Description Reagent Anti-SMC6 is produced in rabbit using as immunogen a Supplied as a solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 766-779 saline, pH 7.4, containing 15 mM sodium azide as a of human SMC6 (Gene ID: 79677) conjugated to KLH preservative. via an N-terminal cysteine residue. This sequence differs by one amino acid in mouse, and by two amino Precautions and Disclaimer acids in rat. Whole antiserum is fractionated and then This product is for R&D use only, not for drug, further purified by ion-exchange chromatography to household, or other uses. Please consult the Material provide the IgG fraction of antiserum that is essentially Safety Data Sheet for information regarding hazards free of other rabbit serum proteins. and safe handling practices. Anti-SMC6 (also known as SMC6L1) specifically Storage/Stability recognizes SMC6 by immunoblotting (126 kDa). For continuous use, store at 2-8 °C for up to one month. Staining of the SMC6 bands in immunoblotting is For extended storage, freeze in working aliquots. specifically inhibited by the immunizing peptide. Repeated freezing and thawing, or storage in “frost- free” freezers, is not recommended. If slight turbidity Proper cohesion of sister chromatids is a prerequisite occurs upon prolonged storage, clarify the solution by for the correct segregation of chromosomes during cell centrifugation before use. Working dilutions should be division. The cohesin chromosome complex is required discarded if not used within 12 hours. for sister chromatid cohesion.1 There are at least six SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) family Product Profile members that form three heterodimers in specific Immunoblotting: a working dilution of 1:250-1:500 is combinations. -
Qt38n028mr Nosplash A3e1d84
! ""! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I dedicate this thesis to my parents who inspired me to become a scientist through invigorating scientific discussions at the dinner table even when I was too young to understand what the hippocampus was. They also prepared me for the ups and downs of science and supported me through all of these experiences. I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn and my thesis committee members Dr. Eric Verdin, and Dr. Emmanuelle Passegue. Liz created a nurturing and supportive environment for me to explore my own ideas, while at the same time teaching me how to love science, test my questions, and of course provide endless ways to think about telomeres and telomerase. Eric and Emmanuelle both gave specific critical advice about the proper experiments for T cells and both volunteered their lab members for further critical advice. I always felt inspired with a sense of direction after thesis committee meetings. The Blackburn lab is full of smart and dedicated scientists whom I am thankful for their support. Specifically Dr. Shang Li and Dr. Brad Stohr for their stimulating scientific debates and “arguments.” Dr. Jue Lin, Dana Smith, Kyle Lapham, Dr. Tet Matsuguchi, and Kyle Jay for their friendships and discussions about what my data could possibly mean. Dr. Eva Samal for teaching me molecular biology techniques and putting up with my late night lab exercises. Beth Cimini for her expertise with microscopy, FACs, singing, and most of all for being a caring and supportive friend. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Imke Listerman, my scientific partner for most of the breast cancer experiments. -
A Localized Nucleolar DNA Damage Response Facilitates Recruitment of the Homology-Directed Repair Machinery Independent of Cell Cycle Stage
Downloaded from genesdev.cshlp.org on September 27, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press A localized nucleolar DNA damage response facilitates recruitment of the homology-directed repair machinery independent of cell cycle stage Marjolein van Sluis and Brian McStay Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired by two main pathways: nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination (HR). Repair pathway choice is thought to be determined by cell cycle timing and chromatin context. Nucleoli, prominent nuclear subdomains and sites of ribosome biogenesis, form around nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) that contain rDNA arrays located on human acrocentric chromosome p-arms. Actively transcribed rDNA repeats are positioned within the interior of the nucleolus, whereas sequences proximal and distal to NORs are packaged as heterochromatin located at the nucleolar periphery. NORs provide an opportunity to investigate the DSB response at highly transcribed, repetitive, and essential loci. Targeted introduction of DSBs into rDNA, but not abutting sequences, results in ATM-dependent inhibition of their transcription by RNA polymerase I. This is coupled with movement of rDNA from the nucleolar interior to anchoring points at the periphery. Reorganization renders rDNA accessible to repair factors normally excluded from nucleoli. Importantly, DSBs within rDNA recruit the HR machinery throughout the cell cycle. Additionally, unscheduled DNA synthesis, consistent with HR at damaged NORs, can be observed in G1 cells. These results suggest that HR can be templated in cis and suggest a role for chromosomal context in the maintenance of NOR genomic stability. -
SMC6 Is an Essential Gene in Mice, but a Hypomorphic Mutant in The
G Model DNAREP-1762; No. of Pages 11 ARTICLE IN PRESS DNA Repair xxx (2013) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect DNA Repair jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dnarepair SMC6 is an essential gene in mice, but a hypomorphic mutant in the ATPase domain has a mild phenotype with a range of subtle abnormalities a,1 a,1 a,2 b c Limei Ju , Jonathan Wing , Elaine Taylor , Renata Brandt , Predrag Slijepcevic , d d,e d,f d,g d Marion Horsch , Birgit Rathkolb , Ildikó Rácz , Lore Becker , Wolfgang Hans , d,h d,i,k d,j j e Thure Adler , Johannes Beckers , Jan Rozman , Martin Klingenspor , Eckhard Wolf f g,l h d,k , Andreas Zimmer , Thomas Klopstock , Dirk H. Busch , Valérie Gailus-Durner , d,k d,i,k,l b Helmut Fuchs , Martin Hrabeˇ de Angelis , Gilbertus van der Horst , a,∗ Alan R. Lehmann a Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK b Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus university MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands c Brunel Institute of Cancer Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Biosciences, School of Health Sciences & Social Care, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK d German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany e Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Genecenter, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany f Institute of Molecular -
Functional Enrichments of Disease Variants Indicate Hundreds of Independent Loci Across Eight Diseases
Functional enrichments of disease variants indicate hundreds of independent loci across eight diseases Abhishek K. Sarkar, Lucas D. Ward, & Manolis Kellis 1.00 0.75 Cohort correlation !"SS 0.50 #AN"$" %&!" N"!"C1 N"!"C2 Pearson 0.25 'verall )TC## 0.00 Hold-out -0.25 0 25000 50000 75000 100000 Top n SNPs (full meta-analysis) Supplementary Figure 1: Correlation between individual cohort 푧-scores and meta-analyzed 푧- scores of the remainder in a study of rheumatoid arthritis considering increasing number of SNPs. SNPs are ranked by 푝-value in the overall meta-analysis. Overall correlation is between sample-size weighted 푧-scores and published inverse-variance weighted 푧-scores. 1 15-state model, 5 marks, 127 epigenomes Cell type/ tissue group Epigenome name Addtl marks H3K4me1 H3K4me3 H3K36me3 H3K27me3 H3K9me3 H3K27ac H3K9ac DNase-Seq DNA methyl RNA-Seq EID states Chrom. E017 IMR90 fetal lung fibroblasts Cell Line 21 IMR90 E002 ES-WA7 Cell Line E008 H9 Cell Line 21 E001 ES-I3 Cell Line E015 HUES6 Cell Line ESC E014 HUES48 Cell Line E016 HUES64 Cell Line E003 H1 Cell Line 20 E024 ES-UCSF4 Cell Line E020 iPS-20b Cell Line E019 iPS-18 Cell Line iPSC E018 iPS-15b Cell Line E021 iPS DF 6.9 Cell Line E022 iPS DF 19.11 Cell Line E007 H1 Derived Neuronal Progenitor Cultured Cells 13 E009 H9 Derived Neuronal Progenitor Cultured Cells 1 E010 H9 Derived Neuron Cultured Cells 1 E013 hESC Derived CD56+ Mesoderm Cultured Cells ES-deriv E012 hESC Derived CD56+ Ectoderm Cultured Cells E011 hESC Derived CD184+ Endoderm Cultured Cells E004 H1 BMP4 Derived Mesendoderm Cultured Cells 11 E005 H1 BMP4 Derived Trophoblast Cultured Cells 15 E006 H1 Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells 13 E062 Primary mononuclear cells from peripheral blood E034 Primary T cells from peripheral blood E045 Prim.