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Historic Serials Collection Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Serials Collection •9 Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Serials Collection S^ Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Serials Collection 3 9077 03551 3210 Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Serials Collection 'I'HK ETJEAL ANNUAL AND HORTICULTURAL DIRECTORY: OONTAIKINQ DIEECTIONS FOE THE PEEPABATION OF THE GEOTJND FOE THE ORCHARD AND FRUIT GARDEN, PLANTING, PRUNING, &o., LISTS OF FETJITS EECOMMENDED BT THE AMEEICAN POMOLOGICAIi SOCIETY AND THE 8EVEEAL STATE SOCIETIES. ALSO, PLAIN DIRECTIONS FOE MAKING AND PLANTING THIS LAWN AND FLOWER GARDEN, AND A CATALOGUE OF NURSERYMEN IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. ILLUSTRATED WITH GO ENGRAVINGS, REPRESENTING VARIOUS FORMS OF TREES, LEAVES, AND FRUITS, PRUNING, DESIGNS FOR PLANTATIONS, ETC. ROCHESTER, N. Y. JAMES VIOK, JR. 1850. Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Serials Collection ENTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS, m THE TEAS 1855, BY JAMES VICE, IN THE CLERK'S OFFICE OF THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK. STEREOTYPED BY J. W. BROWN, Rochester, N. Y. LEE, MAHN, & CO., PRINTERS. Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Serials Collection PREFACE THE public, and particularly those engaged in the culture of Fruit and Fruit Trees, have long felt the need of such a little hand-book as is now presented for their approval. It has not been the aim of the publisher to present a Bhowy work, but one of real utility. He does not claim for it entire originality, and a few pages have been given from Cole's Fruit Book, Barry's Fruit Garden, and Thomas' Fruit <~-^Sulturist; though, perhaps, in this respect, it is equal to any work on ' p the subject before the public. The article on Fruit Culture was pre- ft/ pared by H. E. HOOKER, Esq., a gentleman well and familiarly known . to the fruit growers of this country. Dr. J. A- "WARDER, of Cincinnati, is the author of Ihe Vineyard, a subject on which information is now ; eagerly sought. The Flower Garden and Lawn was written by R. R. SCOTT, a thorough botanist and skillful florist. The object of the 'I publisher, as originally stated, was to "furnish a HAND-BOOK for "^ the inexperienced planter—a guide to those about to commence the formation of orchards and gardens—a work at once RELIABLE, and so cheap as to be within the reach of all" If he has succeeded in this, his highest aim in the preparation of this work is gratified. JAMES VICE, Publisher. ROCHESTER, N. Y. Reynolds Library 1- 658851 Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Serials Collection TABLE OF CONTENTS. THE FRUIT GARDEN AND ORCHARD. PAGE. INTRODUCTION, 9 Explanation of Terms, 9 PREPARATION OF THE GROUND, 15 Draining, IS Soils suitable for the different kinds of fruit, and manuring,.. 18 Subsoiling and trenching, 19 Manures, 20 DIRECTIONS FOR PLANTING, PRUNING, &C 22 Proper season for transplanting, 22 Laying out the ground 24 Distances at which trees should be sef^ 26 Planting, 27 Mulching, 28 Pruning, 80 Staking and protection, 33 DISEASES, 35 Fire blight, 35 Leaf blight, 37 Black knot on the Plum, 37 Yellows in Peach trees, 88 Bursting of the bark or gum on Cherry trees, 88 Mildew on the Peach 39 Curl of the leaf in the Peach, 89 Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Serials Collection ft CONTENTS. PAGE. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FRUIT TREES, 40 Aphis, or plant-louse, •. • 40 Woolly aphis, or American blight, 40 Scaly aphis, or bark-louse, 41 Apple tree borer, 41 Apple worm 42 Canker worm, 42 Caterpillars, 43 Cherry and Pear slug, 43 Curculio 44 Ants, 45 Peach tree borer, 46 Rose bug, 46 Leaf rollers, 46 ANIMALS INJURIOUS TO FRUIT TREES, 47 Birds, 47 Field mice, 47 Moles, 48 Cats, 48 Hogs, 48 DWARF TREES FOR THE GARDEN, 49 Dwarf Apple, 49 Dwarf Cherry , 60 Dwarf Pear, 50 LIST OF FRUITS RECOMMENDED BY STATE SOCIETIES,.. 52 Apples, 62 Pears 64 Peaches 65 Plums, 86 Cherries, 67 Apricots, 68 Nectarines, 63 Quinces, 58 Grapes, 58 Currants 58 Raspberries, 58 Strawberries 69 Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Serials Collection CONTENTS. 7 PAGE. LIST OF FRUITS RECOMMENDED BY THE AMERICAN PO- MOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 60 For general cultivation 60 New varieties which promise well, 62 For particular localities, 64 For northern localities, 64 "•""or gardens, 64 THE VINEYARD. CULTIVATION OF THE GRAPE, 65 Soil and position,.......;...... 65 Preparation of the soil 67 Laying off, 68 Planting, 69 Treatment 70 Pruning and training 71 Rubbing out and pinching, 76 THE LAWN AND FLOWER GARDEN. INTRODUCTION, E0 PREPARING THE SOIL AND LAYING OUT THE GARDEN, 83 Preparation of the ground, 84 Laying out the garden, 86 Forming the lawn, 88 PLANTING THE LAWN AND GARDEN, 92 Planting ; 93 Deciduous trees 94 Evergreen trees, 95 Shrubs,. 96 Roses 102 Bedding plants, 108 Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Serials Collection ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE. Forms of trees, (5 figures,) 10 Forms of leaves, (8 figures,) 10« 1J Forms of fruit, (12 figures,) il Drain tile, (2 figures,) l® Stone drains, (5 figures,) Plans for orchards, (2 figures,) 25 Staking and protection, (2 figures,) 3S Dwarf Apple, 49 Dwarf Cherry, e0 Dwarf Pear, (2 figures,) 6°» 51 Planting Grape cuttings, (2 figures,) fO Pruning and training the Grape, (12 figures,) 71-78 Forms for flower beds, 91 Norway Spruce, 96 Weigelia rosea, *8 Chinese Arbor Vite, " English Yew, ICO Weeping Tree Rose 107 Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Serials Collection %\t #ntit (fertai aitir (Dnljari INTRODUCTION. *N the cultivation of Fruits and Flowers we have the poetry of earth-culture. It affords every thing that can please the eye or gratify the taste. What can equal the beauty of the flower or the delicious- I ness of the fruit. Of the former it has been said, "SOLOMON in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these,"—of the latter, "its praise is in every mouth." As good fruit becomes more common, and accessible to a greater number, those fevers and bilious disorders so general in new countries where fruit is scarce, will become lessened, and health and -happiness increased. How delightful is the succession of Fruits. First in the spring, when we are impatiently waiting for the season of luscious fruits, comes the Strawberry, deliciously smothered in cream, giving a new zest to life; then follows the Raspberry, filling the room with fragrance; then the Cherry, and the Currant and Gooseberry. Then comes the Apricot, the Peach, the Plum, and though last, not least, the Apple,—all forming a delightful succession of nature's best gifts. Our present object is not, however, to urge the importance of Fruit culture, but to give such information as is needed to enable the cultivator to do his work well, and thus secure both pleasure and profit, as the reward of his labors. EXPLANATION OF TERMS. There are certain terms used in describing fruit and trees, that it will be necessary to understand before the reader can gain a very definite 1* Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Serials Collection 10 EXPLANATION OF TEEMS. idea of the appearance of fruit from the published descriptions, or be able thereby to identify sorts. Many trees have such distinctive and marked characters of growth, that they may as readily be known by the^r branches and leaves as by their fruit. The shoots are described as follows Erect. Diverging. Spreading. Ascending. Straggling. LEAVES.—The following terms are used to describe the different forms of the leaf: Sharply Serrate Doutly Scrrale. Crenate., Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Serials Collection EXPLANATION OF TEEMS. 11 Even. Waved. W-inkled. Flat. * Folded. FRUIT.—The following are the principal terms used in describing the forms of fruit: Jppleform. Round. Oval. Pearform. oOOO Flat. Oblong: Ovate. Obevate. Conical. Turbinate. Heart-shaped. Angular. j The Stem is also called stalk, and the hollow in which it is set is called Cavity, which is of various forms. The Calyx is the remains of the blossom, and the parts of it are called segments. The calyx is generally in a depression or Basin, which is of varieus shapes, and is smooth, waved, furrowed, plaited, or notched. Suture is a hollow or farrow on stone fruit, extending lengthwise round, nearly round, half round, or partially round it. It is peculiar to peaches and plum. Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Serials Collection 12 EXPLANATION OF TEBMS The following are the more common terms used in frail culture; Acute, sharp or angular. Acuminate, drawn out to a point. Alburnum, the sap-wood, as distinguished from the heart-wod Apex, point, the part of a fruit farthest from the foot-stalk. Base, lower end, or that portion of a fruit, stalk, or part of a plant, nearest the supporting part or root. Basin, the hollow or depression at the apex or crown of a fruit, sur­ rounding theTialyx. Beurre, a buttery pear. Calyx, the outer or green leaves of a flower, which, remaining on the apex of a pear or apple, are often denominated the eye. Canes, long bearing shoots; applied to grapes and raspberries'. Clipping, trimming down to some definite shape. Colmar-shaped, pyriform or pear-shaped, with a rather slender neck and large body. Conical, tapering regularly towards the apex. Cockscomb, applied to the form of strawberries when much com­ pressed at the sides, and having some resemblance to a Cock's comb. Crown, the part of a fruit farthest from the foot-stalk or base.
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