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Varieties of Fruits Recommended for Planting

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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. FARMERS' BULLETIN No. 208. VARIETIES OF FRUITS RECOMMENDED FOR PLANTING. COMPILED BY W. H. RAGAN, Expert in Pomological Nomenclature, Bureau of Plant Industry. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1904. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Bi-REAU OF PLANT iNDusTRy, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF, Washington, D. C, Augiist 3, 1904- SIR: I have the honor to transmit and to recommend for publication as a Fanners' Bulletin the manuscript of a paper embracing lists of fruits adapted to the varioiw sections of the United States. These lists have been compiled by Mr. W. H. Ragan, Expert in Pomological Nomenclature, from Bulletin No. 8, Division of Pomology, under the direction of G. B. Brackett, Pomplogist of this Bureau. Very respectfully, B. T. GALLOWAY, Chief of Bureau. Hon. JAMES WILSON, • Secretary of Agriculture. CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 3 Fruit districts 3 Explanation of terms 3 District: NO. 1 5 No. 2 7 NO. 3 11 No. 4 U No. 5 18 No. 6 21 No. 7 23 No. 8 25 No. 9 29 No. 10 30 No. 11 32 No. 12 33 No. 13 * 34 No. 14 37 No. 15 38 No. 16 40 No. 17 42 No. 18 44 No. 19 40 ILLUSTRATION. Plage. Fio. 1. Map showing the fruit districts of the United States and adjacent territory •* 2 B. P. I.—125. Pom. r.—26. VARIETIES OF FRUITS RECOMMENDED FOR PLANTING. INTRODTJCTIOir. An increa.sing- demand for the information contained in Bulletin No. 8 of the Division of Pomolog-y" makes desirable the publication of its essential features in greatly simplified form, for general distribution as a Farmers' Bulletin. Bulletin No. 8 was prejjared by the American Pomological Society's committee on the revision of its Catalogue of Fruits, and was adopted by the society as its recommended list. It was then published by the Department of Agriculture. The data forming the basis of that bul­ letin were carefully gathered from practical fruit growers throughout the country. It may therefore be accepted as containing approxi­ mately correct and trustworthy lists of fruits adapted to the various districts into which the countrj^ has been divided. The lists in the present bulletin are compiled from those in Bulletin No. 8, with such modifications as longer experience has rendered necessary. Fruit districts.—There are 19 fruit districts (see fig. 1), outlined as nearly as possible with reference to elevation, soils, and climatic con­ ditions. Their great size, however, prevents anything like absolute uniformity in these conditions throughout any district. Hence, a vari­ ety of fruit that is recommended for a certain district may not succeed in all portions of the district, and the grower is advised to secure counsel from all available local sources before proceeding in the important matter of planting. Explanation of terms.—The present bulletin is arranged by di.strict«. liidor eacli district its boundaries and general characteristics are first stated. Then follows a complete li.st of fruits recommended for planting in the district. It should be borne in mind that these recommendations are not made by the compiler, nor by the Department of Agriculture, but by a large number of practical fruit growers in each district, whose reports are based on their personal experience and observation. The varieties of each fruit are divided into three classes. Those varieties reported by growers as highly successful are placed under the head ''highly recommended;'' those reported as having proved ordinarily " Revisecl Catalogue of Fruits Recommended for Cultivation in the Various iSections of the United States and the British Provinces by the American Pomological Society. Revised by a Committee of the Society, W. H. Ragan, Chairman. Bui. 8, U. 8. I^epartment of Agriculture, Division of Pomology. 1899. 208 J. 4 successful are "recommended;" while those whose success has not yet been demonstrated, but which are considered promising, are "recom­ mended for trial." Of course these ratings are not to be considered as infallible. Indeed, no list can be given by which the planter can 5 always be guided; but the experience of others in a given district, with similar soils and climatic conditions, will usually prove of value to the beginner. It is the policy of the American Pomological Society to secure, so far as practicable, the adoption of names consisting of single words; also to secure for each variety the popular use of the same name in all parts of the country. In these lists parts of some names are printed in italics, which indicates that these names are eventually to be short­ ened by dropping the italicized parts. Where the italicized part is set off by a comma, it is the first part of the name; for instance, the varieties of peach known as General Lee and Lady Ingold are printed Lee, General., and Ingold, Lady. In some cases names are followed by others printed in italics and inclosed in parentheses. These are cases in which two or more names for one variety are in somewhat general use. The names thrown into parentheses are considered the le.ss desirable ones and their use is to be discouraged. No attempt is made to indicate the character of the varieties listed, except in a general way by the use of the words "de.s.sert," "kitchen," "market," "cider," etc., singly or in combination. The term "des­ sert" when applied to a variety .signifies that it is desirable for eating in a fresh or uncooked state. A variety recommended for the " kitchen" has good cooking qualities. A "market" variety is a good bearer, of fine appearance, and possesses the firmness and keeping quality necessary to stand shipment well. Of course such a variety must have qualities which make it more or less desirable for use by consumers; but as a rule the best "market" varieties seldom if ever are of the best quality as "dessert" or "kitchen" fruits. The other terms used, such as "cider," "wine," and " raisin," explain themselves. DISTRICT NO. 1. Maine above 500 feet above sea level; New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York north of latitude 44*^; Ontario north of Lake Simcoe and east of longitude 80^; Quebec, New Brunswick, and Prince EM ward Island. The dominant natural feature of this district is the St. Law­ rence Valle}'. Many of the hardier fruits flourish within its borders. APPIiES. Highly recommended.—DESSERT, KITCHEN, AND MARKET: Gravenstein; Northern Spy; Wealthy. KITCHEN AND MARKET: Haas {Fall Queen, Gros Pomier); Hibernal; Olden­ burg, Duchess of; Pewaukee; Scott Winter; Tolman Sweet; Twenty Ounce {Cayuga Hedstreak); Wolf River; Yellow Transparent. DESSKBT AND MARKET: Bailey Sweei; Blue Pearmain; Fameuse (/Snow); Mcintosh; McMahon; Peach o/3fon/r^aZ; Porter; Saint Lawrence. MARKET: Tetofaki. KITCHEN: Gideon; Longfield; Quince, CoU; Switzer. Secommended.—DESSERT, KITCHEN, AND MARKET: Bogdanoff; Canada Baldwin; l>onn^han; Magog Bed Streak; Malinda; Northfield; Rhode Island Greening; Russian Baldwin; Saint Johnsbury; Shiawassee Beauty; Starkey; Yellow Bell 206 :6 /flower. KITCHEN AND MARKET: Alexander; Antonovka; Baldwin; Blenheim; Boro- vinka; Irish Peach; Mann; Raspberry; Red Astrachan; Roxbury Busset; Titovka. DESSERT AND MARKET: Canada Reinette; Derby; Early Strawberry; Golden Russet (N. Y.); Hubbardston Nonsuch; Plumb Cider; Red Canada; Tompkins King; Wagener; Westfleld Seek-no-fuHher; Williams Favorite. DESSERT AND KITCHEN: Early Harvest; Fall Harv'ey; Fall Pippin; Lady Sweet; Ribston IHppin; White Pigeon; Wythe. MARKET: Ben Davis; Bethel; Cooper Market; Domine; English Russet; Falla- water {Tulpehocken); Fall Jenneting; Gano; Ontario; Staik; Walbridge {Edgar Bed- streak). DESSERT: Bough, Sweet; Cornell Fancy; Grimes Golden; Hunt Busset; Jewett Bed {Nodhead); Late Strawberry; Pomme Gris; Sops of Wine; Winter St. Lawrence. KITCHEN: Green Sweet; Kent Beauty; Keswick Codling; Pumpkin Sweet {Pound Sweet). Becommended for trial.—DESSERT, KITCHEN, AND MARKET: Rolfe {Macomher). KITCHEN AND MARKET: Arctic; Northwestern Greening. DESSERT AND MARKET: Sutton Beauty; Swayzie Pomme Gris. MARKET: Bietigheiiner, Bed. T>ESSEKT: Louise, Princess. KITCHEN: Munson. APPLES, CRAB. Highly recommended.—KITCHEN AND MARKET: Martha; Minnesota. itircHEN: Gibb; Red Siberian. Becommended.—DESSERT, KITCHEN, AND MARKET: Jumbo; Pringle Sweet; Whitney^ CIDER, KITCHEN, AND MARKET: Montreal. KITCHEN AND MARKET: Elgin; Hyslop; Marengo; Queen Choice; Transcendent; Yellow Sil>erian. DESSERT AND KITCHEN: Island Gem. DESSERT: Van W^yck. KITCHEN: Ball mnter; Orange; Stanstead, Bose of. BLACKBEB.BIES. Becommended.—DESSERT, KITCHEN, AND MARKET: Eldorado. DESSERT AND MARKET: Agawam; Minnewaska; Snyder. DESSERT AND KITCHEN: Lucretia [dewberry]. MARKET: Briton, Ancient; Erie. DES-SERT: Stone; Taylor; Triumph, Western; Wachusett. CHEBBIES. Highly recommended.—DESSERT AND MARKET: Tartarian, Black. KITCHEN: Bessa- rabian; Brusseler Braune; Lutovka. Becommended.—DESSERT, KITCHEN, AND BLARKET: Ostheim. KITCHEN AND MARKET: Large Montmorency; Montmorency Ordinaire; Morello, English { Wragg); Rich­ mond, Early. DESSERT AND KITCHEN: May Duke. MARKET: Amarelle Hative; Shadow Amarelle. KITCHEN: Dyehouse; Philippe, Louis. CURRANTS. Highly recommended.—KITCHEN .\ND MARKET: Wales, Prince %f. DES«ERT AND MARKjrr: Red Cross; Red Dutch. MARKET: Cherry; Fay; White Grape; Wilder. Becommended.—KITCHEN AND MARKET: Champion; Lee I*rolific; Naples; Re<l Grape; Saunders. DESSERT AND MARKET: Albert, Prince. MARKET: Versaillaise; "Victoria. DESSERT: White Dutch. GOOSEBERRIES. Kghly recommended.—KITCHEN AND MARKET: Downing. DESSERT AND' KITCHEN: Houghton; Pearl. Becommended.—KITCHEN AND MARKET: Industry; Josselyn
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