The October Revolution and the Third International: Summary of the Discussion in Stammheim1 in 1976
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6 The decline of the legitimate monopoly of violence and the return of non-state warriors Cihan Tuğal Introduction For the last few decades, political sociology has focused on state-making. We are therefore quite ill equipped to understand the recent rise of non-state violence throughout the world. Even if states still seem to perform more violence than non- state actors, the latter’s actions have come to significantly transform relationships between citizens and states. Existing frameworks predispose scholars to treat non-state violence too as an instrument of state-building. However, we need to consider whether non-state violence serves other purposes as well. This chapter will first point out how the post-9/11 world problematises one of sociology’s major assumptions (the state’s monopolisation of legitimate violence). It will then trace the social prehistory of non-state political violence to highlight continui- ties with today’s intensifying religious violence. It will finally emphasise that the seemingly inevitable rise of non-state violence is inextricably tangled with the emergence of the subcontracting state. Neo-liberalisation aggravates the practico- ethical difficulties secular revolutionaries and religious radicals face (which I call ‘the Fanonite dilemma’ and ‘the Qutbi dilemma’). The monopolisation of violence: social implications War-making, military apparatuses and international military rivalry figure prominently in today’s political sociology. This came about as a reaction to the sociology and political science of the postwar era: for quite different rea- sons, both tended to ignore the influence of militaries and violence on domestic social structure. Political science unduly focused on the former and sociology on the latter, whereas (according to the new political sociology) international violence and domestic social structure are tightly linked (Mann 1986; Skocpol 1979; Tilly 1992). -
Restructuring the Socialist Economy
CAPITAL AND CLASS IN CUBAN DEVELOPMENT: Restructuring the Socialist Economy Brian Green B.A. Simon Fraser University, 1994 THESISSUBMllTED IN PARTIAL FULFULLMENT OF THE REQUIREMEW FOR THE DEGREE OF MASER OF ARTS Department of Spanish and Latin American Studies O Brian Green 1996 All rights resewed. This work my not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. Siblioth&ye nationale du Canada Azcjuis;lrons and Direction des acquisitions et Bitjibgraphic Sewices Branch des services biblicxpphiques Youi hie Vofrergfereoce Our hie Ncfre rb1Prence The author has granted an L'auteur a accorde une licence irrevocable non-exclusive ficence irrevocable et non exclusive allowing the National Library of permettant & la Bibliotheque Canada to reproduce, loan, nationafe du Canada de distribute or sell copies of reproduire, preter, distribuer ou his/her thesis by any means and vendre des copies de sa these in any form or format, making de quelque maniere et sous this thesis available to interested quelque forme que ce soit pour persons. mettre des exemplaires de cette these a la disposition des personnes int6ress6es. The author retains ownership of L'auteur consenre la propriete du the copyright in his/her thesis. droit d'auteur qui protege sa Neither the thesis nor substantial th&se. Ni la thbe ni des extraits extracts from it may be printed or substantiefs de celle-ci ne otherwise reproduced without doivent 6tre imprimes ou his/her permission. autrement reproduits sans son autorisatiow. PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Sion Fraser Universi the sight to Iend my thesis, prosect or ex?ended essay (the title o7 which is shown below) to users o2 the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the Zibrary of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. -
THE POLITICAL THOUGHT of the THIRD WORLD LEFT in POST-WAR AMERICA a Dissertation Submitted
LIBERATION FROM THE AFFLUENT SOCIETY: THE POLITICAL THOUGHT OF THE THIRD WORLD LEFT IN POST-WAR AMERICA A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History By Benjamin Feldman, M.A. Washington, DC August 6, 2020 Copyright 2020 by Benjamin Feldman All Rights Reserved ii LIBERATION FROM THE AFFLUENT SOCIETY: THE POLITICAL THOUGHT OF THE THIRD WORLD LEFT IN POST-WAR AMERICA Benjamin Feldman, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Michael Kazin, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This dissertation traces the full intellectual history of the Third World Turn: when theorists and activists in the United States began to look to liberation movements within the colonized and formerly colonized nations of the ‘Third World’ in search of models for political, social, and cultural transformation. I argue that, understood as a critique of the limits of New Deal liberalism rather than just as an offshoot of New Left radicalism, Third Worldism must be placed at the center of the history of the post-war American Left. Rooting the Third World Turn in the work of theorists active in the 1940s, including the economists Paul Sweezy and Paul Baran, the writer Harold Cruse, and the Detroit organizers James and Grace Lee Boggs, my work moves beyond simple binaries of violence vs. non-violence, revolution vs. reform, and utopianism vs. realism, while throwing the political development of groups like the Black Panthers, the Young Lords, the League of Revolutionary Black Workers, and the Third World Women’s Alliance into sharper relief. -
The Communist International, the Soviet Union,And Their Impact on the Latin America Workers’ Movement
The Communist International, the Soviet Union,and their impact on the Latin America Workers’ Movement DAN LA BOTZ Abstract: The Soviet Union and A L the Communist International had an adverse influence on the Latin CONTRA American workers’ movement, ), 1957-1964. continually diverting it fighting for UCIÓN L a democratic socialist society. They ALHE T REVO A DE subordinated the workers’ movements L ( to the interests of the Soviet . Union’s ruling class, the Communist IQUEIROS PORFIRIANA bureaucracy. At one moment, they led S the workers’ movement in disastrous ARO F L uprisings, while in a subsequent era A they encouraged it to build alliances DICTADURA AVID with capitalist and imperialist power. D Keywords: Soviet Union. Communist International. Communist Parties. Cuba. Workers Movement. A Internacional Comunista, a União Soviética e seu impacto no movimento de trabalhadores da América Latina Resumo: A União Soviética e a Internacional Comunista tiveram uma influência adversa no movimento latino-americano de trabalhadores, frequentemente, distraindo-o de sua luta por uma sociedade socialista democrática. Ambas subordinaram os movimentos de trabalhadores aos interesses da classe dominante na União Soviética, a burocracia comunista. Em um momento, dirigiram o movimento de trabalhadores para levantes desastrosos, DAN LA BOTZ enquanto em um período subsequente encorajaram-no a fazer alianças com Ph.D in American history and poderes capitalistas e imperialistas. professor at the Murphy Institute, the Palavras-chaves: União Soviética. labor school of the City University Internacional Comunista. Partidos of New York. He is the author of ten Comunistas. Cuba. Movimento de books on labor, social movements, Trabalhadores. and politics in the United States, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Indonesia. -
THE PEASANT REVOLUTION V. G. Kiernan a FEW Years Ago There
THE PEASANT REVOLUTION SOME QUESTIONS V. G. Kiernan 1. The new revolution A FEW years ago there began to be great hopes of a new wind of change blowing through the Third World, a fresh impetus to socialism from the backlands. They were inspired by the Cuban success, following on the Chinese, and by Maoist revolutionary preaching; together these seemed to constitute a still more potent version, a New Testament, of Marxism, which having lost its way in Europe was having a rebirth outside. But no Marxism can work magic; and in some hopes of these last few years there was a flavouring of the miraculous. Many western socialists were the more easily impressed by these prospects because of frustration in their own countries, where labour movements have fallen into narrow parochialism and the left wing has been as much in a blind alley politically as the backward lands economically. It has at times, as a result, seemed inclined to wait for political salvation to come from the wilderness, from eruption of volcanoes that in the West seem extinct. It was almost a new stirring of the old European dream of the noble savage : humanity uncorrupted by the fleshpots of Egypt was to arise from the Andes or the Mountains of the Moon (even, it appeared at times, from Harlem) to accomplish what a degenerate western working class no longer cared to attempt. Blueprints could be got from China for revolution in any social conditions from Stone Age onward. Wish- fulness of this kind had shown itself, in fact, even before Maoist doctrine came to endorse it. -
9783039118267 Intro 002.Pdf
Introduction Raymond Williams was a significant figure in late twentieth-century intel- lectual life, a pioneer in the early history of what we now know as Cultural Studies and also a central inspiration for the early British New Left. He was variously – and inaccurately – likened to a British Lukács, a British Bloch and even, according to The Times, “the British Sartre” (Eagleton, Criticism and Ideology 36; Pinkney, “Williams and the ‘Two Faces of Modernism’” 28–31). He was a substantial influence on the work of critics as diverse as Terry Eagleton, Stuart Hall, Edward Said, Alan Sinfield, Stephen Green- blatt, and Cornel West (Eagleton, “Introduction”; Hall; Williams and Said; Sinfield 9; Greenblatt 2; West). There are Williamsites in Italy, in Brazil and in Australia (Ferrara; Cevasco; Lawson 33–65). There is also a very substantial secondary literature on Williams. But none of this seems to make much of his enduring interest in science fiction, an oversight the present collection attempts to rectify. I have argued elsewhere that there are three main “phases” in Williams’s thought, each explicable in terms of its own differentially negotiated settlement between the kind of literary humanism associated with F.R. Leavis on the one hand and some version or another of Marxism on the other; and each characterizable in relation to a relatively distinct, consecutive moment in the history of the British New Left (Milner, Re-Imagining Cultural Studies). Each also gave rise to a relatively distinct understanding on Williams’s part of the relationship between science fiction (henceforth sf ), utopia, and dystopia. This periodization provides the organizing framework for the collec- tion. -
Utopia and Science Fiction in Raymondwilliams
chapter 19 Utopia and Science Fiction in Raymond Williams* Raymond Williams was a significant figure in late twentieth-century intellec- tual life, a pioneer in the early history of what we now known as Cultural Studies and also a central inspiration for the early British New Left. He was variously – and inaccurately – likened to a British Lukács,1 a British Bloch2 and even, according to The Times, ‘the British Sartre’. Habermas’s initial the- orisation of the public sphere derived something from Williams’s Culture and Society;3 Stuart Hall, the Jamaican cultural theorist, cited Williams as ‘a major influence’ on his ‘intellectual and political formation’;4 Edward Said claimed to have ‘learned so much’ from Williams;5 Stephen Greenblatt, the guru of the New Historicism, recalled with enthusiasm the ‘critical subtlety and theoretical intelligence’ of Williams’s lectures at Cambridge;6 Cornel West, the most prom- inent contemporary exponent of Black Cultural Studies, described Williams as ‘the last of the great European male revolutionary socialist intellectuals’.7 There areWilliamsites in Italy,8 in Brazil,9 in Australia.10 None seem to have made any- thing of Williams’s enduring interest in science fiction, however, an oversight this essay will attempt to rectify. I have argued elsewhere that there are three main ‘phases’ in Williams’s thought, each explicable in terms of its own differentially negotiated settle- ment between the kind of literary humanism associated with the English lit- erary critic, F.R. Leavis, and some version or another of Marxism; and each characterisable in relation to a relatively distinct, consecutive moment in the history of the British New Left.11 The first and second sphases are associated * This chapter has been published previously in Science Fiction Studies, No. -
Communist Organization of Greece the Influence of the Chinese
Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line Communist Organization of Greece The influence of the Chinese Revolution on the Communist Movement of Greece Published: May 2006 http://www. : international.koel.gr Transcription, Editing and Markup: Sam Richards and Paul Saba Copyright: This work is in the Public Domain under the Creative Commons Common Deed. You can freely copy, distribute and display this work; as well as make derivative and commercial works. Please credit the Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line as your source, include the url to this work, and note any of the transcribers, editors & proofreaders above. The influence of the Chinese Revolution on the Communist Movement of Greece (2006) Contribution to the project of Comrade Bao Yu Ching Introduction Without a doubt, the struggle of the Chinese communists has influenced and to a point defined the development of the international communist movement. We cannot know what the scope of the resistance against revisionism and capitalist restoration would be if the essential contribution of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Chinese communists and Mao Tsetung had not taken place. However, the real question that should bother us and points towards a critical assessment is: has everything possible to oppose revisionism and the capitalist restoration been done? The answer is not easy and we don’t have all the clues necessary to give it. The internal developments in China and the international developments during the ’60s and ’70s are not easy to be “deciphered”, neither would be methodologically correct to judge by the “result”. On one hand, there is the fact that the “general headquarters” that led the struggle against Soviet revisionism during the ’60s (and looked united at that time), would split later, during the Cultural Revolution. -
Material and Cultural Politics of Housing in São Paulo, 1950-1995
Architectures of the People: Material and Cultural Politics of Housing in São Paulo, 1950-1995 by José Henrique Bortoluci A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology) in The University of Michigan 2016 Doctoral Committee: Professor George P. Steinmetz, Chair Associate Professor Matthew Hull Assistant Professor Robert S. Jansen Associate Professor Greta R. Krippner Associate Professor Claire A. Zimmerman © José Henrique Bortoluci 2016 All archaeology of matter is an archaeology of humanity. What this clay hides and shows is the passage of a being through time and space, the marks left by fingers, the scratches left by fingernails, the ashes and the charred logs of burned-out bonfires, our bones and those of others, the endlessly bifurcating paths disappearing off into the distance and merging with each other. José Saramago, The cave, p. 66. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS From the moment I began to cultivate the initial ideas for this dissertation on the house as a political and cultural assemblage, I have lived in at least eleven houses in two different cities. These cities could not be more dissimilar: the São Paulo of movement, concrete, traffic, the continuous sensorial excitement that inspires (if it does not drive you mad), and scandalous inequality and the Ann Arbor of cafés and libraries, long and cold winters, running tracks by the river, and a soothing yet sometimes annoying and artificial calm (do not forget Detroit is around the corner). My experience of these two cities, colored by visits to Jaú and Rio de Janeiro whenever possible, are the background and the material of this dissertation. -
THE BITTER TASTE of a SWEET REVOLUTION the BITTER TAS I E of a SWEET REVOLUTION Table of Contents Twenty Yean of "Socialist Construction" in Cuba
THE BITTER TASTE OF A SWEET REVOLUTION THE BITTER TAS I E OF A SWEET REVOLUTION Table of Contents Twenty Yean of "Socialist Construction" in Cuba From the American Sugar Quota to the Russian Sugar Quota Cuba: From the Sugar Quota to the Sugar Quota 5 Cuba: American Imperialism's Pearl of the Antilles 5 Guevara 's Great Leap Forward 9 The Great Leap Backwards of Castro's Great Harvest 12 Russian "Preferential Tariffs" 13 Two Conceptions of Proletarian Internationalism 16 "Schools Will Not Carry You Very Far" -(Stalin) 20 Abandoning the Positions of the Proletariat is Never an "Option" 21 The Theoretical Creations of Guevam, Castro and Debnty 25 Who Was Fidel Castro? 26 Castro's Conversion to "Communism" 27 Guevarism 29 Guevarism and the Denial of the Leading Role of the Working Class 31 The Alliance of the Working Class and the Peasantry 33 Guevarism, a Form of Menshevism 35 Bolshevism and Guerrilla Warfare 37 Castroism: the New Adventurism 42 Castroism Buries the Working Class 43 Debray Theorizes Against Theory 45 Castroism: the Caudilloism of Modern Times 46 Bolshevism Continues to Be a Model of Tactics For All 51 The " New Phase" of the General Crisis of the World Capitalist System 52 The Chinese and Albanian Parties in the Same Swampy "New Phase" as the Russians 55 Cuba, Russia's Secret Thrust Against China 58 Castro's African Adventure 61 Unmask Castroism! Restore Bolshevism! 63 ®198-1 Lines of Demarcation C.P. 892, Tour de la Bourse Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4Z 1K2 Twenty Years of 11Socialist Construction11 in Cuba From the American Sugar Quota to the Russian Sugar Quota For some years now we have been witnessing the emer gence of revolutionary situations in Latin America, in partic ular in Central American and Caribbean countries. -
Changes in Cuban Society Since the Nineties
W oodr ow W CHANGES IN CUB ilson Center Repor ts on the Americas • #15 AN SOCIETY SINCE THE NINETIES CHANGES IN CUBAN SOCIETY SINCE THE NINETIES edited by Joseph S. Tulchin Lilian Bobea FLACSO Mayra P. Espina Prieto REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA Rafael Hernández with Latin American Program Elizabeth Bryan Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. Washington, DC 20004 Tel. (202) 691-4030 Fax (202) 691-4076 Latin American Program CHANGES IN CUBAN SOCIETY SINCE THE NINETIES Woodrow Wilson Center Report on the Americas #15 Edited by Joseph S. Tulchin Lilian Bobea Mayra P. Espina Prieto Rafael Hernández With the collaboration of Elizabeth Bryan ©2005 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, DC www.wilsoncenter.org Cover image: “Composition 1976” by Wifredo Lam Latin American Program CHANGES IN CUBAN SOCIETY SINCE THE NINETIES Edited by Joseph S. Tulchin Lilian Bobea Mayra P. Espina Prieto Rafael Hernández With the collaboration of Elizabeth Bryan WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS Lee H. Hamilton, President and Director BOARD OF TRUSTEES Joseph B. Gildenhorn, Chair; David A. Metzner, Vice Chair. Public Members: James H. Billington, The Librarian of Congress; Bruce Cole, Chairman, National Endowment for the Humanities; Michael O. Leavitt, The Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Condoleezza Rice, The Secretary, U.S. Department of State; Lawrence M. Small, The Secretary, Smithsonian Institution; Margaret Spellings, The Secretary, U.S. Department of Education; Allen Weinstein, Archivist of the United States Private Citizen Members: Joseph A. Cari, Jr., Carol Cartwright, Robin Cook, Donald E. Garcia, Bruce S. Gelb, Charles L. -
The Cuban Revolution, Che and Lotta Continua
The cuban revolution, che and lotta continua MARCO GABBAS Abstract: The article analyses the influence of the Cuban Revolution and of Che on Lotta Continua (LC) – the main organisation of the Italian extra-parliamentary Left – from 1969 until 1974, through the pages of the newspaper Lotta continua. Che was a political and moral example for LC, which by 1974 went beyond myth and reached a balanced view on him. The issue of Che’s relevance in present-day Italy is also assessed. Keywords: Cuban Revolution. Che Guevara. Italian Left. Lotta Continua. A revolução cubana, che e lotta continua resumo: O artigo analisa a influência da Revolução Cubana e do Che na Lotta Continua (LC) - a principal organização da esquerda extra- parlamentar italiana - de 1969 a 1974, através das páginas do jornal Lotta continua. Che era um exemplo político e moral para LC, que em 1974 foi além do mito e alcançou uma visão equilibrada sobre ele. A questão da relevância de Che na Itália atual também é avaliada. MARCO GABBAS Palavras-chaves: Revolução Cubana. Che Guevara. Esquerda Historian of the International Communist Movement, who has italiana. Lotta Continua. published on Soviet and Latin American Communism. He is currently a PhD Candidate at Milan State RECEBIDO: 09/03/2020 University, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] APROVADO: 11/04/2020 TENSÕES MUNDIAIS | 219 EDGAR BALTAZAR LANDEROS 1 Introduction The Cuban Revolution was arguably one of the crucial events of 20th century Latin American history. Researchers have dedica- ted much attention to the topic throughout the years (HUGH, 1977; PÉREZ-STABLE, 1999; SWEIG, 2002; VELTMEYER; RUSHTON, 2012).