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Mable Ringling Museum of Art INDIAN SCULPTURE IN THE MABLE RINGLING MUSEUM OF ART by R oy C. Cra ven, Jr. INDIAN SCULPTURE IN THE J OHN AND MABL E RINGLING MUSEUM OF ART by R oy C. Craven , J r. Un iversity o f Flo rida Mo n o graph s HUMANITIES i NO . 6, W n ter 1961 DA UNIVERS ITY OF FLORIDA PRESS GAIN SVILLE , FLORI E ’ EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Huma nities Monog raphs T . W TE HE B E T Chairman AL R R R , Profes sor of English CLIN T ON ADAM S Professor of Art H M C ARLES W . ORRIS Professor of Philosophy C A. R BE T . O R SON Profe ssor of Engli sh Associate Professor of German PY GH T 1961 BY THE B D OF CO RI , , OAR COM M ISSIONERS OF ST ATE INSTI T U TI ONS OF FLORIDA L IBRARY OF CONGRESS D 61-63517 CATALOGU E CAR NO . PRINTED BY THE BU LKLEY -NEWM AN PRINTING COM PANY PREFACE In 1956 a group of Indian sculptures was placed on display in the loggia of the John e e sev and M able Ringling Mus eum of Art . Th s o n n enteen works were purchas ed by Mr. J h Ri g ling in the thirties at the clos e of his collecting ’ areer and t en la en in the e c , h y hidd mus um s r r ecor basem ent for some thi ty yea s . R ds which could tell of how and where these sculptures ere o ta ne a e een o t but the fa t t at w b i d h v b l s , c h they constitute a rich gift to the people of Flori a da is apparent in the works thems elves . Tod y they become even more significant as interest in America quickens for the great cultures of the r n O ie t . The pres ent study undertakes to describe four teen of t e e t re hree nor e e h s sculp u s ( T mi pi c s, ate 15 16 and 17 are not cu e in the Pl s , , , dis ss d o of the te t but are re ro e and identi b dy x , p duc d fi d in th a on i a n o e e Pl te secti . ) n such f shio as t ro e ea t its ate t its re on of p vid ch wi h d , wi h gi or n and t an e anator e r t on of igi , wi h xpl y d sc ip i its religious or mythological subject matter. I have presented the sculptures in chronological sequence without attempting to provide exten h sive historical data . This t e reader may find in tan a or f I s d rd hist ies o Indian art . t is hoped that the accompanying map and the chrono o ca ta b l gi l ble will e illuminating . M any p eople have earned my gratitude for their help on this project; here I must mention ro e ors llen S e er and o n S en er who P f ss A i v s J h p c , rea and o ente on the m an r r d c mm d usc ipt; M . Don nn e Dr. ar ara er o e Mr s . e en D y, B b Eb s l , H l a ne the U n er t of or a re and H i s Of iv si y Fl id P ss , Professor Walter Herbert of the U niversity of Florida Humanities M onograph Committee for correcting and working out many technical as or an ro n for ent f p eets ; Professor W . N m B w id i y ing and trans lating the inscription on the image ’ ar e O Neal for a tan e in Plate 10; Mr. Ch l s his ssis c in photographing the works at the museum; Pro an eren o e for the oto ra fessor F . V D C k ph g ph which becam e Plate 12A; and as always Lorna Craven for her untirin g help and enc ourage ment . The enerou er on of in i ua g s p missi d vid ls , pub lishers and u e m to uote and to re ro u e , m s u s q p d c photographs from their works is hereby ac Coomaras a of knowledged : Mrs . A. K . w my i r r a r e a ac usett u e and E D . C mb dg , M ss h s , Fig s C ; f h Phaidon r on on r . ra e o t e e e I G f P ss , L d , figu s D n r i l r a d M . eor e no a rer M ; G g H l Of B u C ssi , L td on on re and ; Mr. L . Man , L d , Figu s J K B kad rector of the aro a useu and cture , Di B d M m Pi f a er ure Mr. at ur o the G ll y , Fig L; V P M h rc aeo o a u e at ura i re A h l gic l M s um, M h , F gu B; oan Bassieur of the se of ine rt Miss J Mu um F A s , S hiar Mar a a ne oston re . a B , Figu I; D H , g M g zi , r S . Sr asta a o a re and M . B mb y, Figu s G H; P iv v , rector of rchaeo o and u eu a a Di A l gy M s ms , R j i r . Sr astv t an a ur ure and ; M . S v , h , J ip , Fig s J K V ' urator of the C an a o en u ee u eu C g G ld J bil M s m , rme u eum i aner Mr. Ve B k ; A H N y, Rijksm s oor Volkenkunde e en ure and Mr. v , L id , Fig F; rc i a son Wenle re tor the reer A h b ld Gib y, Di c Of F h at a er Art a n ton ure . T e e G ll y Of , W shi g , Fig A pl s are reproduced from photographs taken by the aut o r at the Rin lin u eu in Sara ota h g g M s m s , r Flo ida . ennet I would esp ecially like to cite Mr. K h ona ue rector of the o n and a e in D h , Di J h M bl R g in u eu of Art who rou t t e e n an l g M s m , b gh h s I di sculptures out of their darkened exile and once a gain presented them to an appreciative public . CRA EN R . ROY . V C , J GAIN ESVIL L E FL ORI DA , NOVEM BER 1960 , GAND MOHENJO-DARO BIHAR MT . I nn 0 BENGAL b c ntinen of ndi sho n men ioned ex Ma . The su p I o t I a wi g t t t. The most significant achievement in Indian art 1 or n in re ote was that of the s culptors . W ki g m ant t t e create a ro t recor of one of iqui y, h y d bus d ’ — the world s oldest continuous civilizations a record which proves to b e a revealing image of the aesthetic as well as the religious realities of the India n mind . ce ro the n u a e at on cre Small s culptured pie s f m I d s V ll y civiliz i , h c n or t r enn um . c . a e a ated during t e se o d hi d mill i B , displ y d highly a t e are e ent developed skill and plastic awareness . These qu li i s vid in the three-dimensional figures of stone and metal as well as in the m any toy animals of clay recovered f rom the ruined cities . Some Middle-Eastern influence is app arent in the num erous in ta i o ea but the ear florescence of the n eno t e com gl s ls , ly i dig us s yl , in ra m an and en t e to ae t et c con erat on petent c fts ship s si iv s h i sid i s , is truly Ind ian . e The cities of the Indus were destroyed around 1500 B . C . by th conquering Aryans who brought with them from the steppes Of a t cate and central Asia their rude nomadic c ulture . Thus sophis i d r ordered civilization succumbed to a primitive and virile one . F om this period up to the time of the Buddha few physical works re a n but terar ource te how the Ar an m ort en n m i , li y s s ll y i p , bl di g t the » indi enous cu t and tra t on e o e nto a new n an wi h g l s di i s , v lv d i I di r cultu e .
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