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Jain Tirths of By: Group C2 2007-2009 Acknowledgements

This book is dedicated to our Guruji, Shri Mahendrabhai who has established and serviced the Study Class of Jain Society of Greater consistently beyond the call of duty. Guruji started the concept of “Pathshala” over 25 years ago which has now soared across and Canada. His hard work and dedication to Jain Study Class with “Tan, Man and Dhan” is beyond anyone to rise to the level. Without him we would not have the Study Class we have today. Everyone in Study Class, not just Group C2, sincerely thanks you for your incredible devotion, and we would like you to know that your efforts are greatly appreciated, and your teachings will never go to waste.

Riya Shah, Surabhi Modi, Deesha Shah, Juhi Nahata, Kush Madhani, Kunal Shah, Utsav Lathia, Shreyans Munot, Sneha Shah

The Class C2 also extends special thanks to Vishal Modi, a student of Class F for co-authoring this book. He dedicated many hours composing the framework of the Tirth booklet and researching some of the material.

Table of Contents

One Satrunjay- Utsav Lathia

Two Sammet Shikarji- Juhi Nahata

Three Pavapuri- Riya Shah

Four - Shreyans Munot

Five - Kunal Shah

Six Shankeshwar- Deesha Shah

Seven - Juhi Nahata

Eight Uvassaggaharam- Kush Madhani

Nine Dharmachakra Prabhav- Shreyans Munot

Ten Taranga- Riya Shah

Preface

A tirth is a pilgrimage site that provides the inspiration for the Jain Sangh to remove themselves from the cycle of birth and death and cross into . There are many different kinds of tirths, such as Purana kshetras or Atishaya kshetras, but the main form is a kshetra, where kevalis attain moksha. Visiting these spiritual venues motivates one to liberate itself from all weaknesses of a human being, including pride, jealousy, and greed. These tirths offer a medium to find inner peace and strength that allows one to reflect on their past misdeeds and grow from them, thus shedding karma from ones soul. In addition, a tirth reminds one of their spiritual values, thereby uplifting one’s consciousness. Because so many Tirthankars and Sadhus have passed through them, every particle on the land is considered holy, and a simple touch can rid one of bad karmas. Tirths are one of the most important lands to the Jain Sangh, and with it comes the hope of attaining moksha one day.

Although tirths are spread throughout India, the majority of them are situated in and . Interestingly, 20 of the 24 tirthankars achieved moksha at the Samet Shikarji Tirth in , India. Tirths are also spreading out of India. There are places such as Siddhayatan Tirth in Texas, which contains a miniature version of many tirths, such as Girnar and Shatrunjay. Although tirthankars did not actually visit this place, soil from the actual tirths were used in creation of these miniature tirths. There is also a place called Tirth in New Jersey, founded by in 1983. It is the only real Jain Tirth out of India. The Acharya purified Siddhachalam through austerities, study, and meditation. The purpose of both of these places is to help future generations find their roots in ancient Indian wisdom, learn the principle of non-violence, learn meditation, and learn to be good people in society.

The Jain Society of Greater Detroit Study Class children of Class C2 did research on some of the very well known tirths to learn and share information about different tirths with rest of the students of the class. The project involved parents greatly who worked together with the students to research and compile the information. This may be used as a reference for the students of study class to inspire them to visit these places while they are in India. SHREE SATRUNJAY MAHATIRTH By Utsav Lathia

Satrunjay , , Gujarat

Location

Palitana is located on the bank of the Satrunjay River. It is 1900 feet above sea level. The Satunjaya Mountain is 6 Km from Palitana (ancient name Padaliptapur), 48 km from in Gujarat.

Mulnayak

Its mulnayak is our first Tirthankar Shree Rishabhdev Bhagwan. The idol is nearly 216 cms high, white-colored and brightly shining with a serene and peaceful face. It is in the Padmasana posture.

Establishment

Mount Shatrunjay is Shaswata Tirth meaning it is eternal and has been there forever in some form. Shree Rishabhdev Bhagwan had 100 sons. His eldest son, Bharat Maharaja, had a dream to build this . He did the Pratistha of Shree Rishabhdev Bhagwan, Shree Pundrik Swami, Nami- Vinami, Shree Nabhiraja, Shree (mother of Rishabhdev), Sunandam, Sumangala, Bhrami, Sundari and few others at this tirth of Palitana. Palitana has 108 different names in the scriptures and is believed to be eternal shrine. It has gone through 16 Jirnodhars (renovations) in this cycle (avasarpini).

The path from Taleti to Rampol is 3 Kms. It has largest concentration of Jain derasars. There are 3745 steps to up to top. There are 9 ‘tunks’ on it. There are 105 big dersars and 815 small deris with a total of 11,904 idols (pratimas) made of stones and 665 idols made of metal. There are total of 8961 Padukas (images of feet). Guardian of this shrine is Kapradi Yaksh. In the Muslim age, a Muslim King from communal upspring erected shrine of Angarsha for protection of the tirth. The following are the nine tunks on the climb through the mountain all built in the mighty King Vikram Era.

Number Name Year Chief Idol Built by Whom Built 1 Narsinh 1921 Bhagawan Shantinath Narsinh Kesharji Keshavji 2 Choumukhiji 1975 Idols of Pandavas Sheth Sadasomji 3 Chhipavasahi 1791 Bhagawan Adinath Chhipa brothers 4 Sakarvasahi 1893 %KDJZDQ&KLQWDPDQL Sheth Sakalchand Premchand 3DUVKYDQDWK 5 Nandishvar 1893 Bhagawan Chandranan Smt. Ujambai 6 Hemvasahi 1886 Bhagawan Adeswar Sheth Hemabhai 7 Premvasahi 1843 Bhagawan Adeshwar Premchand Modi 8 Balavasahi 1893 Balabhai

9 Motishah 1893 Bhagawan Adeshwar Sheth Shri Motishah Sheth

This leads us to the main tunk of Shree Adeshwar bhagawan.

Importance

As per Jain religious books there is no tirth like Mahatirth. 23 out of 24 (except Shree Neminath Bhagwan) have given message about Jainism to whole world from Satrunjay Tirth. First Shree Rishabhdev Bhagwan did the deshna from Samovasaran under Rayana tree. He had climbed for 99 Purva times (Purva = 84 lac x 84 lac years) up to shrine on top of this Siddhachal giriraj and in commemoration of that pilgrims from all over the world do the same on their part. Shree Ajitnath and Shree Shantinath had done over here. Pundarikswami, the first Ganadhar of Bhagwan Rishabhdev had renounced the world to attain emancipation at this holy place. The mountain is named as Pundarikgiri after him.

Shree Simadharswami has told that sinful person can get rid of their sins by going to Shatrunjaya tirth. A pilgrimage to this tirth is said to be equivalent to 100 pilgrimages. Every year, more than 4 lakhs pilgrims, observing six restraints in form of Sanghas pay visit to this unique tirth for pilgrimage.

Pilgrims can do Navanu Jatra Vrat in which they climb Shree Shatrunjay Tirth 108 times within few months. This can be done anytime between Kartak Sud 15 to Ashadh sud 14.

Many people stay in Palitana for 4 months during Chaturmas Season- Ashadh sud 15 to Kartak sud 14. They can't go on Palitana mountain - just stay at bottom and do darshan in Talati Temple. They do all religious activities here. Main Celebrations

1. Sud poonam: The day the mountain reopens after four months of Monsoon season. On this day Dravid – Son of Rishabhdev and Varikhill went to Moksha with 10 crore munis. 2. Meru Vada teras: Shree Rishabh Dev Bhagwan went to Moksha on this day. 3. Fagan Sud Teras: The circulatory pilgrimage of 6 Gau (19.3 kilometers). On this day Sri Samb and Sri Pradyumna, sons of Sri Khrisna attained Moksha over here. 4. : Sri Pundrikswami, first Gandhar of Sri Adiswar Bhagwan attained Moksha on this day. 5. Vaishakh Sud Tritaya (3): This is occasion for Parna for Varshitap. 6. Vaishakh Krisna Chath (6): This is the anniversary of the 16th renovation carried out by minister Karmashah and conquest ceremonial consecration of the temple.

Satrunjay Today

There are 50 new and 35-40 old dharmashala in Palitana. Several dharmashalas are with arrangement for good bhojanalaya. People from all over India come to Patlitana to do parnu for their Varshitap. Standing atop at the summit, it is possible to view the Shetrunjaya River below. Devout Jains refrain from eating during their uphill climb, which may begin at dawn, as well as when they are descending just before dusk; they may sip on some boiled water.

Glossary:

Tirthankara – A tirthankara is one who establishes Jain organization and who is omniscient Scriptures – Jain Litérature Avasarpini – Descending cycle Gandhara – Main disciple of Tirthankara, through them Tirthankaras convey their message to world Emancipation – To be free from bonds (life –Death cycle) to attain Moksha. Tunk- Hilltop . Taleti- Base of mountain. Chaturmas - Four months of Monsoon Season

References: http://www.jainuniversity.org/ http://www.jsgc.org/shatrunjay.htm Sammet By Juhi Nahata

Sammet Shikharji , (Bihar)

Location

Shri Sammet Shikharji, located in eastern India, near , in Jharkhand (Bihar) state, India, is a major Jain pilgrimage destination and one of the most sacred places for Jains in the world.

Mulnayak

The Mulnayak Bhagawan at Sammet Shikar is Bhagawan Parshvanath. Bhagawan Parshvanath was the 23rd Tirthankar. His father’s name was Ashvasen and his mother’s name was Vama Devi. He was born in Varanasi and also took Diksha in Varanasi. Establishment

The local people address Sammet Shikar as Hill. The hill named after Lord Parasnath, raises to a height of 1000 meters above the plains, besides the - Gaya railway line. The foot of the Sammet Shikhar Mountain is called Madhuvan. All around it there are large clusters of trees sprinkling 'madhu' (honey). This mountain's own special feature is that it always remains aromatic with the fragrant trees of a large Sandal wood forest situated over it. Several rare herbal medicines are found on this mountain. The present temple is not very old, although the idol in the main temple is ancient. The inscriptions at the foot of the images indicate that they were put in the temple in 1678 A.D. It is the oldest Jain temple and appears to date only from A.D. 1775. This tirth has received numerous (23) renovations since inception. The renovation work of this pilgrimage was done from Samvat 1925 to 1933. In renovation new 'dehris' of Lord Aadinath, Lord , Neminath, and were built. Another major renovation of this pilgrimage was undertaken again in Samvat 2012 which was completed in Samvat 2017. Importance

Sammet Shikarji is the most visited Jain tirth. It is the most auspicious and sacred Jain tirth. Parasnath Hill (Sammeth Shikarji) is to Jains as Jerusalem is to Judaism and Christianity. Tirthankars can convert a place into a pilgrimage. It is quite impossible for human intelligence to assess the holiness and power of that pilgrimage where as many as twenty of the twenty four present cycle Tirthankars have lit up the inextinguishable light of '' (salvation). Numerous tirthankers from the previous cycle of time have attained Moksha here. One can only imagine the power of this pilgrimage where all thirthankars except Bhagawan Rushabhadev, Bhagawan Vasupujya Swami, Bhagawan Neminath, and Bhagawan Mahvir Swami attained niravana.

Sammet Shikarji Today

People make a trip to the mountain top to visit all the Tirthankaras nirvana place and worship. Pilgrims start going up the mountain in early morning around 4.30 a.m. Pilgrims often use a walking stick and climb on foot. If unable to climb on foot then they use chair carriers. Devotees can carry something to eat and drink if they can not remain hungry for too long. The distance to the mount and back to the base is about 18 miles. The actual climb up begins a few steps ahead of Sri Bhomiaji’s temple. Devotees obtain blessings of Sri Bhomiaji before starting the journey to the top and after returning. Bhomiaji has power to work miracles with his presence in the entire atmosphere. Devotees who have faith get all their wishes fulfilled here. It is believed that if someone ignores to obtain Bhomiaji’s blessing prior to climbing the mountain, you face obstacle in some form during your yatra. Close to Bhomiaji’s temple there is a beautiful water spring called Gandharvanala where fresh water flows freely day and night.

The path to the top is not easy. There are several steps on the way. The most difficult and steep climb takes devotees to the shrine of Shri Chandraprabhu Bhagwan. The Shrine of Sri Parshvnath Bhagwan is located high on the mountain with its gorgeous sikhar. Bathing and cleaning arrangements are available for the devotees who wish to offer their prayers and perform puja. Many Dharmashalas are equipped with hot water and drinking water facilities. This place has lots of positive vibrations.

Personal experience

I have done such Yatra once. Although it was tiring but I felt strong sense of peace and energy while returning back.

Glossary

Tirth - a pilgrimage site Mulnayak - Main in the temple Nirvana- Salvation Thirtankar- one who has gotten rid of the four ghati karmas and establishes “Tirth” Devi- Goddess Moksha- Liberation Dehris - small temples with prominent thresholds Dharmashalas- place for devotees to live or stay Diksha- to give up everything except for religious path Sacred- Holy Sanskrit- ancient Indian language Inscription- wordings Inception- act of beginning Samvat- Indian Calendar Year Gandharvanala- Water fountain Yatra - Pilgrimage

References:

1. Sammed Shikarji information retrieved on February 20,2009 www.pragyasagar.com/.../ShreeSammedShikharji.htm

2. Sammed Shikarji information retrieved on February 20,2009 hubpages.com/hub/Shri-Sammet-Shikharji

3. Sammed Shikarji information retrieved on February 20,2009 www.shikharjiup.org/sammed_shikharji.html

4. Sammed Shikarji information retrieved on February 20,2009 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shikharji

5. Sammed Shikarji information retrieved on February 20,2009 Jain Activity Book

6. Sammed Shikarji image retrieved on February 20,2009 Jain Calender of 2004

7. Sammed Shikarji image retrieved on February 20,2009 www.pragyasagar.com/.../ShreeSammedShikharji.htm PAVAPURI TIRTH By Riya Shah

Jalmandir Jain Temple, Pavapuri, Bihar

Location

Pavapuri is a Jain tirth located in Bihar, India. Pavapuri is about 200 kilometers away from Sametshikar tirth.

Mulnayak

Its mulnayak is Bhagwan Mahavir Swami’s Charan Paduka. It is 18 centimeters long, black colored foot idol of Bhagwan Mahavir Swami. His Father’s name was King Siddharth and Mother’s name was Queen . He was born in Ayodhaya in the state of .

Establishment

During ancient times about 2600 years ago, Pavapuri was part of Magadha kingdom and was called “Madyama Pava” or “Apavapuri”. Another name for Pavapuri is “sinless town”.

Ajatshatru, the son of King Shrenik who was one of the greatest disciples of Mahavir Swami was the king of Magadha during the lifetime of Mahavir. During the reign of Ajatshatru, King Hastipal was the king of Pavapuri. When Mahavir came to Pavapuri, he stayed in King Hastipal’s “Rajikshala”.

Importance

Pavapuri was the place that Bhagwan Mahavir attained Nirvana or eternal salvation from the cycle of birth and death, at the age of 72, in the year 527 BC. This tirth is the place of the last monsoon of sojourns of Mahavir swami. Mahavir swami attained nirvana on this land on the fifteenth day of the dark half of the month of .

It is said that the demand for his ashes was so great that a large amount of soil was removed from around the funeral pyre, creating the water tank. The beautiful Jalmandir was later built in the middle of the tank. Jalmandir, white marble temple of this lake, blooming with beautiful lotus flowers is an enchanting sight. Jal means water and Mandir, means temple. Together, Jalmandir makes the Water Temple. The Jalmandir was built by King Nandivardhan, the elder brother of Mahavir swami to honor him.

Celebration

Diwali, the annual remembrance of Mahavir Bhagwan’s nirvana, celebrated here with great ceremony. The best time to visit Pavapuri is between October and March.

Panchtirth

The other places surrounding Pavapuri are the Jalmandir, the Gaon Mandir, the Samovasaran, the new Samovasaran, and a temple built by Bibi Mehatab Kumari. Mahavir swami took his last breath in the Gaon Mandir and was cremated at Jalmandir.

Gaon Mandir

The Samovasaran is a place where a tirthankar gives his lectures to the world. The tirthankar sits on top of ‘Sinhasan’, and then comes Gandhars, Kevalis, Sadhus, Shadhavis, Shravaks, Shravikas, devs, devis, and the animals kingdom who all occupy their own destined places.

Samovasaran

Pavapuri Today

Today there are many Dharamsalas with the modern and comfortable facility. There are good bhojanshalas for the food arrangement. Glossary

Nirvana – Moksha achievement Sermons - a religious discourse delivered as part of a service Tirth - a pilgrimage site Mulnayak - Main murti in the temple Disciples - a person who accepts and helps spread the teachings of his/her guru Sojourns - a temporary stay Cremated – Funeral procedure in which body is burned to ashes Sinhasan – a throne

References

1. Jalmandir image retrieved on August 17, 2008 from http://www.theodora.com/wfb/photos/india/jalmandir_jain_temple_pawapur i_bihar_india_photo.jpg

2. Samovasaran image retrieved on August 17, 2008 from http://bstdc.bih.nic.in/IMAGES/pawapuri2.jpg

3. Gaon Mandir image retrieved on August 17, 2008 from http://www.ancientworlds.net/aworlds_media/ibase_1/00/08/77/00087705_ 000.png

4. Glossary Words from http://www.wordcentral.com/home.htm

5. Glossary Words from http://dictionary.reference.com/

6. Reepal Shah (Mom) GIRNAR TIRTH By Shreyans Munot

First Tunk, Shree Neminath Temple, Girnar, Gujarat

Location

Girnarji is located in western India, on top of Girnar Mountain at an altitude of around 3100 feet near Junagadh, in the state of Gujarat at a distance of 327 kms from . The tallest of these mountains rises to 945 meters (3600 feet), the highest peak in Gujarat. The first peak of Girnar has a collection of Digambar and Shwetamber temples. The Shwetambar temples are more intricately carved but are more modern in terms of history. It is a holy place and an important pilgrimage for both and Jains. A sturdy stone path climbs from peak to peak. It is claimed that there are exactly 9,999 steps from the trailhead to the last temple on the highest peak, but the actual number is roughly 8,000.

Mulnayak

Mulnayak at Girnar is Shri Neminath Bhagwan. His Father’s name was King Samudravijayji and Mother’s name was Queen Shivadevi. He was born in Sauripur, Uttar Pradesh. There are two different temples for Neminath bhagawan (Shwetamber and Digambar). In the Shwetambar temple Shri Neminath Bhagwan is black granite with jeweled eyes, seated in a lotus posture, of height 140 cms; while in the Digambar temple, he is seated in a lotus posture. Establishment

According to Jain religious beliefs, Neminath, the 22nd Tirthankar became an ascetic after he saw the animals to be slaughtered for food on his wedding to bride Rajul. He renounced all worldly pleasures and came to Mount Girnar to attain salvation. Here, Bhagwan Neminath reached the highest state of enlightenment, Keval Gyan and Moksha, after great austerities. His bride-to-be also followed his path and led the 'Sadhvi Sangh', the organization of women ascetics.

According to Shwetamber traditions, the place was known as Ujjayantigiri and Revatgiri in ancient times. In Shwetamber Jain scriptures the place is also described as “Neminath Parvat” and the 5th Tunk of Shri Shatrunjay Mountain from the period of the 1st Tirthankar up to the period of the last one, when countless kings, emperors, shreshthis, saints, and , with congregations of Jain householders, both large and small, came on pilgrimages to Mount Shatrunjay.

In the town Junagadh, located at the foot hills of Mount Girnar there are at present two Shwetamber Jain temples and one Digamber Jain Temple. The ascent is very hard and difficult and exhausting. After about 3 Km of ascent (4200 steps), comes the entry gate of the enclosure of the main “Tunk” of Shri Neminath Bhagwan.

The description of five Tunks is below:

1st Tunk: Shri Neminath Bhagwan

2nd Tunk: Goddess Shri

3rd Tunk: Oghad Shikhar, paduka of Shri Neminath Bhagwan and nearby on one platform paduka of Shri Sambkumar.

4th Tunk: Further than Oghad Shikhar on another peak, after about 1500 steps, there are paduka of Shri Neminath Bhagwan and on another rock there are paduka of Shri Pradyumnakumar.

5th Tunk: In deep forest on the high point of the mountain where there are Paduka of Shri Neminath Bhagwan and of Ganadhar Vardutt Muni. From here one path goes towards Sahasa van where there is descent of 1500 steps. From Sahasa van, there is a road leading to the foothills of the mountain.

In Shwetamber Jain temples, the ancient sculptural art on walls and ceilings bear carvings and sculptures of Dancing Goddesses and various other spot reveals incomparable dexterity which is worth enjoying. On every dome, and on every ceiling and pillar, the art displayed is wonderful. There are quadrangle courtyards, corridors and other shrines. The pillars are adorned with intricate carvings of Jain Tirthankars. Apart from this, there is the Mallinath temple, which is dedicated to the 19th Tirthankar. It was constructed by Vastupal and Tejpal. The Lord is shown in blue color here. The Rishabhadev Temple, situated nearby, is a golden color.

Importance

During the last cycle of 24 Tirthankars, 3 Kalyanaks of 8 Tirthankars took place at Mount Girnar. Also, during the next cycle of 24 Tirthankars – all 24 Tirthankars will achieve Moksha at Mount Girnar.

Girnar Today

The natural scenery of the mountain laden with medicinal trees and plants in a deep, wild, and thick forest is enchanting and beautiful. After reaching the top, one feels so much immersed with delight and happiness that one does not wish to descend. The nearby Gir Forest serves as sanctuary for the last remaining Asiatic Lions. Ranakpur Tirth By Kunal Shah

 Jain Temple, Ranakpur, Rajasthan Location Ranakpur is located between and , in North East India, in the state of Rajasthan. The temple complex is positioned in an isolated valley on the western side of the Aravalli Mountain Range.

Mulnayak In the temple complex, there are several temples including Chaumukha temple, Parsavanath temple, Amba Mata Temple and Surya Temple. Amongst all of them, renowned Jain Chaumukha (four-sided) Temple is the most important and is dedicated to Lord Adinath, who is the first 'Tirthankara'. The four faced Pratimaji also symbolizes Samovsaran.

Establishment The temple was built in the 15th century, by Seth Dharnasha (a Jain Businessman) with the aid of Rana , the ruler of Mewar. Chaumukha temple is formed like a heavenly aircraft and provides the whole structure a heavenly appearance. Due to the intricacy of the structure, the temple took approximately 65 years to complete. Importance The Jain Temples of Ranakpur are known for their splendid architecture that covers 48000 sq feet (four times as big as our Jain Temple) and has a basement too. This temple is constructed in light colored marble and there are more than 1444 exquisitely carved pillars that support the temple. The Chaumukha (four-sided) Temple structure is very complex and has four different doorways to get into the main chambers. These chambers ultimately take you to the main hall where the Pratimaji of Adinath is positioned. Adinath Bhagwan is surrounded by many small shrines and domes. There are five spires (upward facing spikes) that elevate above the walls and around 20 dome-shaped roofs rise from the main roof of the pillared hall. Each spire houses a shrine and the largest shrine is the important one that addresses the central altar. The temple ceilings are decorated with leaf-shaped scrollwork and geometric patterns.

The pillars are all differently carved and no two pillars are the same. It is also said that it is impossible to count the pillars. Also all the Pratimajis face one other Pratimaji. There is one beautiful carving made out of a single marble rock where there 108 heads of snakes and numerous tails. One cannot find the end of the tails. The image faces all four cardinal directions. In the axis of the main entrance, on the western side, is the largest image. The temple is a masterpiece of architecture and boasts of not less than four additional shrines. It has 24 pillared halls with 80 domes that are supported by 400 columns. The upper and lower parts of the domes are linked by a group of Devi & Devta sculptures. Above all, you would be amazed to see at a height of 45 feet engraved beautiful women playing the flute in various dance postures. Each column is intricately carved and it is surprising to know that no two columns have the similar design.

Apart from this, another stunning fact about these columns is that they change their color from golden to pale blue after every hour during the day. In the mandap (prayer hall), the two big bells weighing 238 pounds (three times as much as a nine year old kid) and each bell produce a harmonious sound when we strike it. Ranakpur Today Ranakpur Temple was also nominated amongst the top 77 wonders, while deciding for new Seven Wonders of the World. However, number of wonders cannot be increased and some or the other would come amongst the top seven, still Ranakpur Temple is undoubtedly a wonder. If you are on a trip to Udaipur, don't miss this artistic temple that would become an unforgettable part of your beautiful memories.

Some more pictures are included on the next page.     

 Glossary Chaumukha – Four Sided Pratimaji – Bhagwan’s idol Devi – Female heavenly being Devta – Male heavenly being Mandap – Prayer Hall Mulnayak – Main Pratimaji in the temple Spires – Upward facing spikes

References 1. Mainsourceofinformation a. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranakpur 2. Secondarysourcesofinformation a. http://www.kamit.jp/03_jaina/6_ranakpur/ran_eng.htm b. http://traveler.nationalgeographic.com/travelͲplanner/india/maharajasͲtext/11 c. http://www.rajasthaninfo.org/ranakpur.htm 3. Ranakpurtempleimages a. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranakpur b. http://images.google.com/  

Shankeshwar Tirth

By Deesha Shah





  

Location:

This tirth is located in the center of Shankheswar village in the Gujarat state, India. Taxis and buses are available from Harij, which is 38 kilometers, and Viramgam, which is 72 kilometers. The nearest railway station is Harij.

Mulnayak

The Mulnayak at this tirth is the 23rd thirthankar Bhagwan Shri Parshwanath. The idol is nearly 182 cms high in padmasan position, in white marble. Shri Parshwanth Bhagwan’s Father’s name was King Ashwasen and Mother’s name was Queen Vamadevi.

Establishment

This tirth place is one of the most important tirth of India. The history begins with Bhagwan Shri Neminath and was established during his period. Many wonders have   taken place at this tirth place. Mahamantri in the court of King Siddharaj Jaysingh has visited this temple in Vikram samwat 1158 and renovated the old temple into the huge new one. The tirth place is mentioned as Sanghpur in ancient history. It has been mentioned that manrti Vastupal Tejpal has done all necessary renovations inspired by the Archarya Shri Vardhaman Suriswarji. After that Muslim invader Allaudin Khilji & his soldiers have destroyed the tirth place during the 14th century. The idol was kept safe by shri sangh. The Muslim emperor Shah Jahan released orders to hand over village in favor of the manager of the city Shri Shantidas. Manaji shravak, have rehabilitated this tirth place with the suggestion of Shri Vijayratna Surishwarji.

Importance

Shankheshwar means the LORD OF THE CONSHELLS.

There are many incidents to prove the ancientness and the richness of the tirth place.

There was an incidence during the war between Shri Krishna & Jarasangh where the soldiers of the army of Lord Krishna were cured by the effect of the holy water used for the Prakshal of the Shankheshwar Parshwanath.

As mentioned before, the tirth is referred as Shankhpur. In previous Kal Chakra Ashadhi shravak fell in the dreadful miseries of the life. The questions arise in his mind, 1) when shall I attain nirvana? 2) When shall I be free from the bondage? 3) When shall I attain salvation?

Answering all these questions, Damodar swami, the ninth tirthankar of previous Kal Chakra said, during next Kal Chaka Parshwanath will be the 23rd tirthankar and you will be his Ganadhar & attain salvation from there. He then became fully absorbed in prayer and worship of the idol. Then the idol of the Shankheshwar Parshwanath has been worshiped in various ways in the world of gods.

 

This is the origin place of the Shankheshwar gatcch. The large numbers of the pilgrims gather for the occasion of the carnival organized on every Chaitry & , & posh dasami.

Shankheshwar is considered to be the most miraculous & universally revered among the Jain pilgrimages of the Universe. It is famous that the unselfish wishes with right faith of the devotees are fulfilled here. The devotees observe three fasts for worshipping, which we call ATHTHAM, which protects from peril & promotes happiness & prosperity.

Shankheshwar tirth conveys to the sleeping humanity the message of awakening. The tirth is the source of happiness for getting rid of the disasters of the life.

Celebrations

The large numbers of the pilgrims gather for the occasion of the carnival organized on every Chaitry purnima, Kartik purnima, Diwali & Posh dasami. Because the tirthankar attended 500 kalayanak before his birth; i.e. soul of Parswanath bhagwan in Dev bhav took part in celebration of 500 kalyanaks of other tirthankars; so in the celebration, and to preserve the importance of the tirth many jains go to Shankheswar and do Aththam.

Nearby Jain Tirths

A huge Agam Mandir (temple) has been built at a short distance from the main temple. Agams are the scriptures created by Ganadhars and like ones. Ganadhars translates Bhagwan’s vani (lectures) and put it into the form of . Bhagwan Mahavir Swami’s vani was captured in 45 Agams. In this Agam Mandir, all 45 Agams are written on the wall.

Near the Agam temple,Bhaktivihar Mahaprasad has been built containing 108 idols of Shri Pashwanath Prabhu. This temple has 108 shikhars. The Mulnayak is Mahavirswami in padmasan posture. Also, Shankheshwar Padmawati tirth with a 125 cms high Padmawati devi’s murti in white marble is located nearby.

 

Sankheswar Today

At present, Sheth Jeevan Das Godishi pedhi Shri 108 Parshwanath trust is managing the tirth. At present, there are excellent boarding & lodging facilities available. Also, there are Upashray, Ayambilshala, Gyanmandir,,Gyan Bhandar on site. There is a big room, where bhatu is provided to all pilgrims during the visit to temple.

Personal Experience

I visited this tirth when I was too little, year & half old & the only thing I remember is my picture at this temple.

Glossary

Tirth: A pilgrimage site

Mulnayak: The main idol in the temple

Gandhar: A person who accepts & helps to spread the teaching of his / her guru

Aththam: Three upvas

Devotee: The follower of the religion.

References

Jainsamaj.org/temples http:/en.wikipedia.org/wi/shri shankheshwartirth www.jainuniversity.org/tirthplace face book/shankheshwartirth

Jinalaya.com





 DELWARA By Juhi Nahata

Delwara Temples, , Rajasthan

Location

Delwara Tirth is located in western India. It’s in Mount Abu in the state of Rajasthan, at an altitude of 1200 meters (3600 ft). It is in northwestern India. It is not too far from Gujarat. It is located 1,220 meters above sea level. It is five kilometers away from Nakki Lake.

Mulnayak

The mulnayak Bhagwan at Delwara is Shri Adeshwar Bhagwan. He was the first Tirthankar. His father’s name was . His mother’s name was Maru Devi. He was born in . He also took diksha in Ayodhya. He attained Nirvana on Ashtapad.

Establishment

Delwara Temple is known for its beautiful, intricate marble carvings. Delwara Tirth has five temples: Vimal Vasahi, Luna Vasahi, Khartar Vasahi, Pittalhar,and the Mahvir Swami Temple. Vimal Vasahi temple is the first temple in Delwara. It is carved completely out of white marble. It is dedicated to Lord Adinath, the first Tirthankar. Vimalsha, the Maharaja of Gujarat, built it in 1031 A.D. It took 1200 to 1500 shilpis over fourteen years to complete the arduous task. The second temple is Luna Vasohi temple, dedicated to Lord Neminath, the twenty-second Tirthankar. Two brothers, Tejpal and Vastupal, built it in memory of their late brother, Luna. It was built in 1230 AD. One of the most stunning halls in the temple is called Rang . It has 360 tiny carving of Tirthankars. The third, called Khartar Vasohi, is dedicated to Lord Parshvanath, the twenty- third Tirthankar. It was built by the Mandika family in 1458 AD, and has the tallest shrine of all the temples. The fourth temple is Pittalhar temple, dedicated to Lord Adinath. Bhimasha built it in 1474 AD. This temple is different from the others because instead of using marble, it is built with mostly brass, which explains the name Pittalhar (pittal means brass). The last temple is called the Mahvir Swami Temple. Built in 1582 A.D, this temple is dedicated to Mahavir Swami. There is not one builder, but it is known that the artisans of Sirohi painted the upper walls. Delwara Tirth is known for its multitude of attractive carvings. It was made during the 11th to 13th century. The most marvelous temples are the Vimal Vasohi Temple and the Luna Vasohi Temple. None of the carvings on the pillars are the same!

Adishwar Delwara Temple, Mount Abu, Rajasthan Importance

According to the local legend, before becoming the ministers, the two brothers Vastupal and Tejpal went on a pilgrimage carrying with them huge wealth, which they decided to bury under a tree, but while digging they found more gold. At this point Anupama Devi, wife of Tejpal advised them to build temples at Satrunjaya and Girnar with their wealth. During their term in office, they heard about the holiness of Mt. Abu and decided to build a temple there dedicated to Neminath to commemorate their dead brother Luna.

Delwara Today

Delwara Temple is open during 12pm to 3pm for tourists for free. Mount Abu is near Udaipur so you can get there by taxi or bus. Lots of people come to see its carvings. Experts came and considered it architecturally superior to the Taj Mahal. There are hotels near Delwara tirth for tourists to stay in. You should see Delwara sometime. Dome, Delwara Temple

Personal Experience

I have not been to Delwara yet, but I have read lots of information on the internet. It makes me really feel like going there. I want to take a trip there if I go close to there when I go to India. I believe that once I go there, I will feel lots of peace and calmness.

Glossary

Mulnayak- main idol in the temple Intricate- complicated Arduous- hard to accomplish Shrine- place to worship Multitude- a very great number References

Delwara Tirth information retrieved on June 26 2009 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilwara_Temples

Delwara Tirth information retrieved on June 26 2009 http://www.mountsabu.com/delwara.htm

Delwara Tirth information retrieved on June 26 2009 http://www.mountabu.com/tourist_attractions/dilwara_jain_temple.html

Delwara Tirth information retrieved on June 26 2009 http://mountabu.nic.in/pitalhar.htm

Delwara Tirth information retrieved on June 26 2009 http://www.indiaprofile.com/monuments-temples/dilwaratemples.htm

Delwara Tirth information retrieved on June 26 2009 http://www.indiasite.com/rajasthan/mountabu/dilwaratemple.html

Delwara Tirth information retrieved on June 26 2009 Jain Activity Book

Delwara Tirth image retrieved on June 26 2009 Jain Story Book

Delwara Tirth image retrieved on June 26 2009 Jain Calender 2004 SHRI UWASSAGGAHARAM TIRTH By Kush Madhani  

 Uwassaggaharam Temple, Nagapura 

Location

It is in the Nagapura village on the bank of the Shivnath River. The nearest railway station of Nagapura (Durg tirth) is on the Nagpur-Howra railway line. It is at a distance of 24 kilometer from the temple. Bus service and private vehicles are available. A large new dharmashala and a bhojanshala are there. Physical address of the tirth is as mentioned below. PARAS NAGAR, NAGPURA DIST. DURG (CHHATTISGARH) INDIA – 491001  Mulnayak

Nearly 114 cms. high, black-colored idol of Bhagawan Shri UWASSAGGAHARAM Parshvanath in the Padmasana posture. The head of the idol of Gods looks beautiful with seven hooded Nagraj coiled on it as seen beneath this idol in the cross-legged posture.

Establishment Shri Uwassaggaharam Parshwa Tirth situated on the bank of river Shivnath. Scattered , large number of devotees and ancient shrine along with Lord’s Foot- prints, proves the Lord’s journey to this area. The mysterious manner of finding and then installing this ancient idol also proves his presence. In 1981 while digging a well for Shri Bhuwan Singh, Ugana village, situated on the bank of river Gandak, an idol of Parshwanath surrounded by poisonous snakes was found. The idol was then brought loaded on a van to install it at Nagpura. As the story goes, surprisingly enough, the van stopped without any mechanical defect on the bridge, hardly 100 meters away from the present Tirth and refused to move. Finally, it was decided to install it at the same place which bears the mutilated-foot-prints and stone-inscription of the Lord.

Importance

Shri Uwassaggaharam Parshwa Tirth, has become popular in short span of time. The mulnayak idol is said to be the one which was worshipped for many years in devlok by the auspicious devs and devis. River Shivnath had the good fortune of washing the holy feet of Shri Parshwanath, thousands of years ago. This holy place not only documents India's glorious past with its rich culture and architecture, it tells a tale of unshakeable, faith, unflinching devotion, selfless dedication, voluntary cooperation and above all divine inspiration. The Entrance to the resplendent marble temple of Shri Parshwanath is through a 30 feet main gate of supreme architectural beauty with the idol of Parshwanath duly worshipped by two elephants and supported by four pillars, each pillar symbolically representing the four essentials of spiritual atonement: wisdom, introspection, good conduct and penance. Besides the main temple on whose pedestal stands the renovated footprints of the Lord, the temple of Shri Veer and , stand on the right and left of the main temple respectively. This tirth is also famous for Manibhadravir's miracles.

Uwassaggaharam Today

Temple work, which has began two decades ago, still continues transforming and expanding the campus which today houses temples, guest houses garden and Naturopathy and Yoga Centre. The entire campus is not only well planned but it is nicely managed also. Replicas of the Shetrunjaya tirth, Shri Uvasuggahar Stotra Mandir, Shri Mandir etc. are installed here in this splendid temple. Outside and in the front of the temple there are 24 Bhagwans’ are installed in the same posture as they achieved Kevalgyan where published are the key information regarding the thirthankar as birth, height, father, mother, color of body, name of Gandhars, etc.  Personal Experience IhavenothadtheopportunityofvisitingUWASSAGGAHARAMtirthbutwould definitelylovetogo.  References: http://www.jainuwassaggaharamtirth.com DHARMACHAKRA PRABHAV TIRTH By Shreyans Munot

Dharmachakra Jain Temple, Vilholi, Nashik

Location

Shri Dharmachakra tirth is located in Western India in the village Vilholi, 12 Kms away from City of Nasik on Mumbai road in the State of . It is believed that this place has a capacity to attract divine powers and hence the name “Dharmachakra Prabhav Tirth”

Mulnayak

The temple’s mulnayak is Shri Parshvanath bhagwan. His Chaturmukh idol is in the middle section in Padmasana posture. Vishwarakshak Mantradhiraj Parswanath in the East, Vishwakshemankar Omkar Lord Parshvanath in the South, Vishwapriyankar Tribhuvanbhanu Lord Parshvanath in the West and Vishwahit Harshakari Hrimkar Lord Parshvanath in the North. A Navaphana serpent covers Lord’s head. Shri Parshvanath bhagwan is the 23rd tirthankar. He was born in about 10th century BC.

Parshva was the son of king Ashvasena and queen Vamadevi of Varanasi. He renounced the world and became an ascetic when he was 30 years old. He lived a life of a nobleman for 30 years and was married, before he renounced the world to become a monk. He meditated for 84 days before attaining Nirvana atop Sammet Shikharji. Establishment

Acharya Shri Vijay Bhuvan Bhanu Soorishwarji Maharaj did Chakra Tap and then had a dream about building Dharmachakra Tirth. Based on this, the construction work of the Dharmachakra Prabhav Tirth was started on the auspicious day of Vaishakh Sudi Sixth of the Vikram Samvat 2048 (Year 1992); by Acharya Shri Vijay Bhuvan Bhanu Soorishwarji Maharaj. The temple was inaugurated on 7th & 8th March 1998 by Shri Shrenikbhai Kasturbhai Shah, the President of Shri Anandji Kalyanji Pedhi, Ahmedabad

The temple is spread over a vast area of 50,000 square feet. The land was donated by Smt. Kantaben Rasiklal Sanghavi and her sons Rajendrabhai and Vilasbhai of Nasik. There are four 35 feet tall Praveshdwars (entrances) in each direction.

The holy Temple consists of three floors.

On the ground floor is the 12 feet tall golden colored idol of Lord Mahavir. It is made from 12 tons of Panchdhatu. The idol is in standing posture with the feet on two golden lotus flowers, is unique in this world. There are also idols of Shri Guru Gautamswami, Shri Sudharmaswami and Shri Vijay Prem Yashodev Dhuvwanbhanu and Dharmajit Suri Guru Bhagwant.

In the middle floor is the Parshvanath temple as described above and Ashtapada Mahatirth is established in the crest of the monument. It also has an array of gold-like idols of 24 Tirthankars.

Facing the 4 Mulnayaks, the Dharmachakra graced by Saptavarna & 1008 dowels (cylindrical rod) with replicas of the two deer on either sides, is placed outside the Temple. Dharmachakras seated on Lotus have been ceremoniously installed on them and consecrated by the Heavenly Dev’s.

Replicas of four famous Jain Tirths have been constructed in the temple premises. Satrunjay Tirth in South-East, Abu Tirth on South-West, Girnar Tirth on North-West and Sammet Shikhar on North-East.

Shri Ashtapada tirth

Shri Asthapada Maha Tirth is one of the major Jain Tirths and is situated in the Himalayas. It is 168 miles north of Badrinath and about 5 to 7 miles away from Mansarovar on the way to .

Thousands of years ago Shri Adinath Bhagwan, first of 24 tirthankars, attained salvation at this place. After his salvation his son king Bharat made a palace (known as “Sinh- Nishadha”) of real gemstones with 24 idols of Jain tirthankars on Ashtapada Mountain in his memory. Ashtapada derived its name from the fact that it has eight steps to go up the mountain (Ashta means eight and pada means steps in Sanskrit). Other names for the tirth are Ratnamay (made of gemstones) Rajatadri and Sfatikachal (the crystal palace).

In the recent history no one has witnessed the actual Tirth as described in the scriptures. Scholars and visitors travel to the mountain where this Tirth is believed to be buried under the snow. Many individuals & organizations are involved in research to unravel the mysteries of this legendary place.

Bhagwan Mahavir mentioned that whoever does the Yatra of Ashtapada Tirth, using the power of their soul (LABDHI), will achieve Moksha in the same life. Guru Gautamswami used one of his many LABDHIS – catch the sun rays to climb the Ashtapada and did this Tirth Yatra. Importance (Significance of Dharma Chakra)

The wheel in the center represents one time cycle, which is divided in two half cycles. In each half cycle of the time, there are 24 Tirthankars who expound the path of purification. So continuously goes on the time wheel of religion. It also shows vegetation, animals, Jain monk and Jain nun. This represents that all souls are equal and they should be treated with equanimity. Dharmachakra is one of 34 Atishay (special quality which belongs to Tirthankars only) of Tirthankar and always travels in front of Tirthankar. These Dharmachakras spread the glory and strength of Lord in the world.

Acharya Shri Vijay Bhuvan Bhanu Soorishwarji Maharaj also initiated a Tap called Dharmachakra Tap. In this Tap, one starts with Aththam (3 fasts), then 44 Fast and 44 Besana (alternating fast and besana), and finally ends with Aththam (3 fasts).

Dharmachakra Tirth today

The temple foreground consists of a Dharmashala, Bhojanshala and Upashraya.

Glossary Mulnayak- main Tirthankar Navaphana – Nine hooded Panchdhatu – five metals Expound – expand on Equanimity – calmness Vrat - Clairvoyance - power to perceive things Sermon – discourse, address Samovsaran – a three tiered place where a tirthankar sits to give his sermon after achieving kevalgyan Chouvishi – a set of 24 tirthankars

References Jaina Calendar 2009 TARANGA TIRTH By: Riya Shah

Ajitnath Temple, Taranga, Gujarat

Location

Taranga is a tirth located in Taranga, Gujarat. This tirth is situated in the middle of the Aravalli Hills in the midst of beautiful sceneries of nature. It is at a distance of 145 Kms from Ahmedabad, 80 Kms from Himmatnagar and 70 Kms from Palanpur. There are many temples at this location; two of which are described here.

Mulnayak

The Ajitnath temple has an idol of Shri Ajitnath Bhagwan in Padmasana posture, 2.75 meters in height, and white in color. Therefore, this temple is also known as Ajitaprasad or Ajitnath Vihara. Shri Ajitnath Bhagwan was second Tirthankar and son of King Tribhuvanpal and Queen Kashmira Devi. In a vast quarter of this temple lies an idol of Shri Kunthunath Bhagwan. The idol of this god is very beautiful to see.

The ancient Lord Sambhavnath temple is one of the many Jain temples at this place. On one side of this temple is Lord Adinath temple and in the front is an eye catching Maanstambh. Establishment

The Ajitnath temple in this tirth is 150 ft. long, 100 ft. wide, 142 ft. in height, and 639 ft. in perimeter. The enormous hall is also worth seeing. Under the watching of Kalikalasarvagna Acharya Shri Hemchandracharya, this temple was installed in 1200 of the Vikram Era. In Vikram Samvat 1221, Kumarpal Raja built this beautiful temple which is fertile in sculptural art. The story behind building this temple goes like this – Once Raja Kumarpal was in forest and one day he was taking rest under a tree. He saw a mouse brought a silver coin and kept it on ground then mouse went in hole and brought another silver coin. This way he brought 32 coins – one by one. Raja Kumarpal thought that what a mouse would do with these coins – may be I can take and these coins which I can use for good cause. When mouse came back, didn’t see coins and started banging head on a stone and died. Raja Kumarpal started repenting. One day he asked his Guru Acharya Shri Hemchandracharya about penance for stealing these coins. Acharya asked him to build a temple at the location of death of mouse. This temple is the Taranga tirth. In Vikram Samvat 1284, on the second day of the dark part of Falguna, Vastupal and Tejpal inducted idols of Shri Adinath Bhagwan in two porticos at the religious hands of Shri Vijayasendas Suriji.

There are also temples of Nandishwar Dweep, Load Mahavir and Lord Munisuvrathswami. In May 1992, a 15 feet tall idol of Lord was installed after Panch-Kalyanak Pratishta.

In the north and south of this region there are two hills namely Kotishila and . There is a lake in between the two hills. On Kotishila hilltop is 700 years old 5 feet tall idol of Lord Neminath in Khadagasana posture. On left and right sides of this idol are 2 idols of Lord Neminath in Padmasana and Khadagasana respectively. There is also an idol of Lord Parshwanath.

On the Siddhashila hill are two idols of Lord Bahubali in Padmasana position in a small temple.

This place has been consecrated by Ganini Pramukh Mataji of . A 10 feet idol of Lord Adinath in Padmasana posture has been installed with her blessings. This idol is made of black granite from Kailaas Parvat (Himalayas).

Importance

One of the 108 names of Taranga Tirth is ‘Taringir’ because Taranga is Tirth at the tallest peak of Siddhachalji. The beautiful caved wooden summit is 2.75 meters in height. It has 7 domes. On the right side, there are small idols of Bhagwan Ajitnath and 20 other Bhagwans. On the left side, there is a temple of Gaumukhji, the Samovasaran, and a Jambudvip painting. On an outer part of the temple, there are mulnayaks of Padmavati Devi and Kumarpal Raja. The sight of this great mulnayak is beautiful.

Celebration

Janma Kalyanak of Teerthnayak, Lord Sambhavnath is celebrated every year on Kartik Sud poonam. On this day Dhwajarohan ceremony is carried out on the Shikhar of every temple.

Mastakabhishek of the Maanstambh is done every 12 years and that of Lord Bahubali is done every 6 years.

Panchtirth

The places surrounding Taranga Tirth are Ambaji, 59 km. away, Vadnagaar, 38 km. away, and Kumbhariaji, 61 km. away. Also, nearly 1 km. away is the ‘Mokshabari Toonk’ where the mulnayak is Shri Ajitnath Bhagwan.

Glossary:

Padmasana – a yoga posture (sit down meditative posture) Khadagasana – another yoga posture (stand up meditative posture) Era – an important part of history Fertile – productive Porticos – some columns supporting a roof Summit – the highest point Mulnayak – main idol in a temple Dhawajarohan – Flag hoisting

References:

1. http://www.jainunivesity.org/tirth-places/jain-tirth-place-details.aspx?id=40 on July 16, 2009 2. http://jainsamaj.org/temples/taranga.htm on July 16, 2009 3. http://www.indianetzone.com/17/images/tarangajaintemple_8264.jpg on July 17, 2009 4. JAINA 2009 Calendar