Alan Bean, Apollo Moonwalker and Artist, Dies at 86
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CENTRIPETAL FORCE from GRAVITY Unit 14 & 8
CENTRIPETAL FORCE FROM GRAVITY Unit 14 & 8 Dr. John P. Cise, Professor of Physics, Austin Com. College, Austin , Tx. [email protected] & New York Times November 7, 2017 by Richard Goldstein. Dedicated to all the American Apollo Astronauts in 1960s & 1970s. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Richard Gordon, Astronaut Who Reached for Moon (1969)and Very Nearly Made It, Dies at 88 INTRODUCTION: Gordon commanded the command module Yankee Clipper from 60 miles above moon surface in 1969. The other 2 Apollo Astronauts went to Lunar surface in lunar lander. The radius of moon is 1079 miles. Gordon did 45 orbits of moon over 89 hrs. (3.7 days). Gravity provides centripetal force. G m M/R2 = m v2/R , v = Rω = 2π R/T, thus Solving for M = [4π2/6.67 X 10-11](R3/T2) , Kepler’s 3rd. Law. Richard Gordon, center, with Charles Conrad, left, QUESTIONS: (a) Find R from center of moon?, (b)Find period T of lunar and Alan Bean, aboard the U.S.S. Hornet, an aircraft orbit?, (c) Find mass of moon? See below for Hints and Answers. carrier, after their spacecraft splashed down. Richard Gordon, who undertook what became a harrowing and abortive spacewalk in a 1966 NASA mission, then orbited the moon three years later, but never achieved his dream of walking on the lunar surface, died on Monday at his home in San Marcos, Calif., near San Diego. He was 88. His death was confirmed by NASA. Mr. Gordon piloted the command module ((Yankee Clipper ))during its orbit of the moon in November 1969 while Mr. -
The Newsletter of the Barnard-Seyfert Astronomical Society
June TheECLIPSE 2020 The Newsletter of the Barnard-Seyfert Astronomical Society From the President It’s been another long, strange month. Lots of things have been happening that aren’t in the Next Membership Meeting: realm of astronomy and I have been distracted by Stay tuned to the BSAS Google Group it all. As you know, we haven’t had a meeting in a or Night Sky Network email for couple of months, and I am really starting to miss information about future meetings. the meetings. It is nice to get out of the house and socialize with people that share a common interest. Hopefully this month is the month that we can come together as a group and get back into a new normal routine. Watch for emails and Facebook updates regarding the monthly meeting. Last month did have a big space event with the In this Issue: launch of the SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule to the Happy Birthday Pete Conrad ISS late in the month. It marks a return to U.S. byRobinByrne 3 spaceflight and NASA working with private corporations to get astronauts into space. I hope Summer Triangle Corner: Vega you had a chance to watch the launch on TV or by David Prosper and VivianWhite 8 the Internet, it was very exciting to see. I have not been around long enough to remember the Apollo BSAS Board Minutes launch days, but it did bring back memories of the May6,2020 10 shuttle launches for me. I hope this gets America excited about space travel again and brings back Membership Information 13 talk of getting people to the moon. -
Go for Lunar Landing Conference Report
CONFERENCE REPORT Sponsored by: REPORT OF THE GO FOR LUNAR LANDING: FROM TERMINAL DESCENT TO TOUCHDOWN CONFERENCE March 4-5, 2008 Fiesta Inn, Tempe, AZ Sponsors: Arizona State University Lunar and Planetary Institute University of Arizona Report Editors: William Gregory Wayne Ottinger Mark Robinson Harrison Schmitt Samuel J. Lawrence, Executive Editor Organizing Committee: William Gregory, Co-Chair, Honeywell International Wayne Ottinger, Co-Chair, NASA and Bell Aerosystems, retired Roberto Fufaro, University of Arizona Kip Hodges, Arizona State University Samuel J. Lawrence, Arizona State University Wendell Mendell, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Clive Neal, University of Notre Dame Charles Oman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology James Rice, Arizona State University Mark Robinson, Arizona State University Cindy Ryan, Arizona State University Harrison H. Schmitt, NASA, retired Rick Shangraw, Arizona State University Camelia Skiba, Arizona State University Nicolé A. Staab, Arizona State University i Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................2 Notes...............................................................................................................................3 THE APOLLO EXPERIENCE............................................................................................4 Panelists...........................................................................................................................4 -
Mapping the Surveyor III Crater Large-Scale Maps May Be Produced from Lunar Oribiter Photographs
FIG. 1. The Surveyor I II Crater. CHARLES W. SHULL t LYNN A. SCHENK U. S. Army TOPOCOM Washington, D. C.20315 Mapping the Surveyor III Crater large-scale maps may be produced from lunar Oribiter photographs (Abstract on next page) INRODUCTlON Because of the inclination of the camera, lunar features were viewed more clearly than URVEYOR III spacecraft was launched Son April 17, 1967 toward the moon on a would have been possible on flat terrain. mission to explore possible Apollo landing This crater, then, became an object of in sites. On April 19 the Surveyor landed on the tense interest to the scientific community, moon's Ocean of Storms and almost imme especially to astrogeologists who had the diately began transmitting television pictures unique opportunity of observing high quality back to Earth. When the lunar day ended pictures of the interior of a lunar crater for on May 3, over 6,300 photographs had been the first time. Because of this unusual characteristic, the received from Surveyor III by the Jet Pro pulsion Laboratory.* ational Aeronautics and Space Administra vVhen the spacecraft landed, it came to tion (NASA) requested that the Department of Defense prepare two maps of the crater rest on the inside slope of crater giving it a 12.40 tilt from the local vertical (Figure 1). and surrounding areas. The request was for a photo mosaic at 1 :2,000 scale with 10-meter t Presented at the Annual Convention of the contours and a shaded relief map with con American Society of Photogrammetry in Washing tours at the smallest interval possible. -
Through Astronaut Eyes: Photographing Early Human Spaceflight
Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Purdue University Press Book Previews Purdue University Press 6-2020 Through Astronaut Eyes: Photographing Early Human Spaceflight Jennifer K. Levasseur Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/purduepress_previews This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. THROUGH ASTRONAUT EYES PURDUE STUDIES IN AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS James R. Hansen, Series Editor Purdue Studies in Aeronautics and Astronautics builds on Purdue’s leadership in aeronautic and astronautic engineering, as well as the historic accomplishments of many of its luminary alums. Works in the series will explore cutting-edge topics in aeronautics and astronautics enterprises, tell unique stories from the history of flight and space travel, and contemplate the future of human space exploration and colonization. RECENT BOOKS IN THE SERIES British Imperial Air Power: The Royal Air Forces and the Defense of Australia and New Zealand Between the World Wars by Alex M Spencer A Reluctant Icon: Letters to Neil Armstrong by James R. Hansen John Houbolt: The Unsung Hero of the Apollo Moon Landings by William F. Causey Dear Neil Armstrong: Letters to the First Man from All Mankind by James R. Hansen Piercing the Horizon: The Story of Visionary NASA Chief Tom Paine by Sunny Tsiao Calculated Risk: The Supersonic Life and Times of Gus Grissom by George Leopold Spacewalker: My Journey in Space and Faith as NASA’s Record-Setting Frequent Flyer by Jerry L. Ross THROUGH ASTRONAUT EYES Photographing Early Human Spaceflight Jennifer K. -
The Moon After Apollo
ICARUS 25, 495-537 (1975) The Moon after Apollo PAROUK EL-BAZ National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.G- 20560 Received September 17, 1974 The Apollo missions have gradually increased our knowledge of the Moon's chemistry, age, and mode of formation of its surface features and materials. Apollo 11 and 12 landings proved that mare materials are volcanic rocks that were derived from deep-seated basaltic melts about 3.7 and 3.2 billion years ago, respec- tively. Later missions provided additional information on lunar mare basalts as well as the older, anorthositic, highland rocks. Data on the chemical make-up of returned samples were extended to larger areas of the Moon by orbiting geo- chemical experiments. These have also mapped inhomogeneities in lunar surface chemistry, including radioactive anomalies on both the near and far sides. Lunar samples and photographs indicate that the moon is a well-preserved museum of ancient impact scars. The crust of the Moon, which was formed about 4.6 billion years ago, was subjected to intensive metamorphism by large impacts. Although bombardment continues to the present day, the rate and size of impact- ing bodies were much greater in the first 0.7 billion years of the Moon's history. The last of the large, circular, multiringed basins occurred about 3.9 billion years ago. These basins, many of which show positive gravity anomalies (mascons), were flooded by volcanic basalts during a period of at least 600 million years. In addition to filling the circular basins, more so on the near side than on the far side, the basalts also covered lowlands and circum-basin troughs. -
Celebrate Apollo
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Celebrate Apollo Exploring The Moon, Discovering Earth “…We go into space because whatever mankind must undertake, free men must fully share. … I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth. No single space project in this period will be more exciting, or more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish …” President John F. Kennedy May 25, 1961 Celebrate Apollo Exploring The Moon, Discovering Earth Less than five months into his new administration, on May 25, 1961, President John F. Kennedy, announced the dramatic and ambitious goal of sending an American safely to the moon before the end of the decade. Coming just three weeks after Mercury astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space, Kennedy’s bold challenge that historic spring day set the nation on a journey unparalleled in human history. Just eight years later, on July 20, 1969, Apollo 11 commander Neil Armstrong stepped out of the lunar module, taking “one small step” in the Sea of Tranquility, thus achieving “one giant leap for mankind,” and demonstrating to the world that the collective will of the nation was strong enough to overcome any obstacle. It was an achievement that would be repeated five other times between 1969 and 1972. By the time the Apollo 17 mission ended, 12 astronauts had explored the surface of the moon, and the collective contributions of hundreds of thousands of engineers, scientists, astronauts and employees of NASA served to inspire our nation and the world. -
Apollo Space Suit
APOLLO SPACE S UIT 1962–1974 Frederica, Delaware A HISTORIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LANDMARK SEPTEMBER 20, 2013 DelMarVa Subsection Histor y of the Apollo Space Suit This model would be used on Apollo 7 through Apollo 14 including the first lunar mission of Neil Armstrong and Buzz International Latex Corporation (ILC) was founded in Aldrin on Apollo 11. Further design improvements were made to Dover, Delaware in 1937 by Abram Nathanial Spanel. Mr. Spanel improve mobility for astronauts on Apollo 15 through 17 who was an inventor who became proficient at dipping latex material needed to sit in the lunar rovers and perform more advanced to form bathing caps and other commercial products. He became mobility exercises on the lunar surface. This suit was known as famous for ladies apparel made under the brand name of Playtex the model A7LB. A slightly modified ILC Apollo suit would also go that today is known worldwide. Throughout WWII, Spanel drove on to support the Skylab program and finally the American-Soyuz the development and manufacture of military rubberized products Test Program (ASTP) which concluded in 1975. During the entire to help our troops. In 1947, Spanel used the small group known time the Apollo suit was produced, manufacturing was performed as the Metals Division to develop military products including at both the ILC plant on Pear Street in Dover, Delaware, as well as several popular pressure helmets for the U.S. Air Force. the ILC facility in Frederica, Delaware. In 1975, the Dover facility Based upon the success of the pressure helmets, the Metals was closed and all operations were moved to the Frederica plant. -
Gao-21-306, Nasa
United States Government Accountability Office Report to Congressional Committees May 2021 NASA Assessments of Major Projects GAO-21-306 May 2021 NASA Assessments of Major Projects Highlights of GAO-21-306, a report to congressional committees Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found This report provides a snapshot of how The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) portfolio of major well NASA is planning and executing projects in the development stage of the acquisition process continues to its major projects, which are those with experience cost increases and schedule delays. This marks the fifth year in a row costs of over $250 million. NASA plans that cumulative cost and schedule performance deteriorated (see figure). The to invest at least $69 billion in its major cumulative cost growth is currently $9.6 billion, driven by nine projects; however, projects to continue exploring Earth $7.1 billion of this cost growth stems from two projects—the James Webb Space and the solar system. Telescope and the Space Launch System. These two projects account for about Congressional conferees included a half of the cumulative schedule delays. The portfolio also continues to grow, with provision for GAO to prepare status more projects expected to reach development in the next year. reports on selected large-scale NASA programs, projects, and activities. This Cumulative Cost and Schedule Performance for NASA’s Major Projects in Development is GAO’s 13th annual assessment. This report assesses (1) the cost and schedule performance of NASA’s major projects, including the effects of COVID-19; and (2) the development and maturity of technologies and progress in achieving design stability. -
Surveyor 1 Space- Craft on June 2, 1966 As Seen by the Narrow Angle Camera of the Lunar Re- Connaissance Orbiter Taken on July 17, 2009 (Also See Fig
i “Project Surveyor, in particular, removed any doubt that it was possible for Americans to land on the Moon and explore its surface.” — Harrison H. Schmitt, Apollo 17 Scientist-Astronaut ii Frontispiece: Landing site of the Surveyor 1 space- craft on June 2, 1966 as seen by the narrow angle camera of the Lunar Re- connaissance Orbiter taken on July 17, 2009 (also see Fig. 13). The white square in the upper photo outlines the area of the enlarged view below. The spacecraft is ca. 3.3 m tall and is casting a 15 m shadow to the East. (NASA/LROC/ ASU/GSFC photos) iii iv Surveyor I: America’s First Moon Landing by William F. Mellberg v © 2014, 2015 William F. Mellberg vi About the author: William Mellberg was a marketing and public relations representative with Fokker Aircraft. He is also an aerospace historian, having published many articles on both the development of airplanes and space vehicles in various magazines. He is the author of Famous Airliners and Moon Missions. He also serves as co-Editor of Harrison H. Schmitt’s website: http://americasuncommonsense.com Acknowledgments: The support and recollections of Frank Mellberg, Harrison Schmitt, Justin Rennilson, Alexander Gurshstein, Paul Spudis, Ronald Wells, Colin Mackellar and Dwight Steven- Boniecki is gratefully acknowledged. vii Surveyor I: America’s First Moon Landing by William F. Mellberg A Journey of 250,000 Miles . December 14, 2013. China’s Chang’e 3 spacecraft successfully touched down on the Moon at 1311 GMT (2111 Beijing Time). The landing site was in Mare Imbrium, the Sea of Rains, about 25 miles (40 km) south of the small crater, Laplace F, and roughly 100 miles (160 km) east of its original target in Sinus Iridum, the Bay of Rainbows. -
Surveyor Ill Mission Report Part I
\ NAT IONAL AERONAUT ICS AND SPAC E ADMIN ISTRATION Technical Report 32-1177 Surveyor Ill Mission Report Part I. Mission Description and Performance JET PROPULSION LAB ORATOR Y CALIFORNIA INS TITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PASAD E NA, CALIFORNIA September 1, 1967 NAT IONAL AERONA UT ICS AND SPAC E AD MINISTRAT ION Technical Report 32-1177 Surveyor Ill Mission Report Part I. Mission Description and Performance Approved for publication by: H. H. Haglund Surveyor Project Manager JET PROPULSION LAB ORA TOR Y CAL I FORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLO GY PASAD E NA, CAL I FORNI A September 1, 1967 TECHNICAL REPORT 32-1 177 Copyright © 7 196 Jet Propulsion laboratory California Institute of Technology Prepared Under Contract No. NAS 7-100 National Aeronautics Space Administration & Preface This three-part document constitutes the Surveyor III Mission Report. It describes the third in a series of unmanned missions designed to soft-land on the moon and return data from the lunar surface. Part I of this report consists of a technical description and an evaluation of engineering results of the systems utilized in the Surveyor III mission. Analysis of the data received from the Surveyor III mission is continuing, and it is expected that additional results will be obtained together with some improvement in accuracy. Part I was compiled using the contributions of many individuals in the major systems which support the Project. Some of the information for this report was obtained from other published documents; a list of these documents is con tained in a bibliography. Part II of this report presents the scientific data derived from the mission and the results of scientific analyses which have been conducted. -
Spaceport News John F
Aug. 9, 2013 Vol. 53, No. 16 Spaceport News John F. Kennedy Space Center - America’s gateway to the universe MAVEN arrives, Mars next stop Astronauts By Steven Siceloff Spaceport News gather for AVEN’s approach to Mars studies will be Skylab’s Mquite different from that taken by recent probes dispatched to the Red Planet. 40th gala Instead of rolling about on the By Bob Granath surface looking for clues to Spaceport News the planet’s hidden heritage, MAVEN will orbit high above n July 27, the Astronaut the surface so it can sample the Scholarship Foundation upper atmosphere for signs of Ohosted a dinner at the what changed over the eons and Kennedy Space Center’s Apollo/ why. Saturn V Facility celebrating the The mission will be the first 40th anniversary of Skylab. The of its kind and calls for instru- gala featured many of the astro- ments that can pinpoint trace nauts who flew the missions to amounts of chemicals high America’s first space station. above Mars. The results are Six Skylab astronauts partici- expected to let scientists test pated in a panel discussion dur- theories that the sun’s energy ing the event, and spoke about slowly eroded nitrogen, carbon living and conducting ground- dioxide and water from the Mar- breaking scientific experiments tian atmosphere to leave it the aboard the orbiting outpost. dry, desolate world seen today. Launched unpiloted on May “Scientists believe the planet 14, 1973, Skylab was a complex CLICK ON PHOTO NASA/Tim Jacobs orbiting scientific laboratory. has evolved significantly over NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft rests on a processing the past 4.5 billion years,” said stand inside Kennedy’s Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility Aug.