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Review: Epithelial Tissue

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Review: Epithelial Tissue Review: Epithelial Tissue • “There are 2 basic kinds of epithelial tissues.” What could that mean? * simple vs. stratified * absorptive vs. protective * glands vs. other • You are looking at epithelial cells from the intestine. What do you expect to see? tight junctions; simple columnar; gobet cells; microvilli • You are looking at epithelial cells from the trachea. What do you expect to see? cilia; pseudostratified columnar; goblet cells 1 4-1 Four Types of Tissue Tissue Type Role(s) - Covers surfaces/passages - Forms glands - Structural support CONNECTIVE - Fills internal spaces - Transports materials - Contraction! - Transmits information (electrically) 2 Classification of connective tissue 1. Connective tissue proper 1a. Loose: areolar, adipose, reticular 1b. Dense: dense regular, dense irregular, elastic 2. Fluid connective tissue 2a. Blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets 2b. Lymph 3. Supporting connective tissue 3a. Cartilage: hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage 3b. Bone 3 Defining connective tissue by the process of elimination if not epithelial, muscle, or nervous, must be connective! 4 LAB MANUAL Figure 6.4 Areolar connective tissue: A prototype (model) connective tissue. Cell types Extracellular matrix Ground substance Macrophage Fibers = proteins • Collagen fiber • Elastic fiber • Reticular fiber Fibroblast Lymphocyte Adipocyte Capillary Mast cell 5 The Cells of Connective Tissue Proper Melanocytes and macrophages, mesenchymal, mast; Adipo- / lympho- / fibrocytes and also fibroblasts. These are the cells of connective tissue proper; Sing this song the whole day long until you know them all! Melody playback: http://www.noteflight.com/scores/view/172efe927723615fe7c94fc62ff05ab7bc5ce26a 6 4-4 Connective Tissue: importance of extracellular matrix! Tissue Type Extracellular stuff? epithelial keratin connective ground substance (fluid with polysaccharides) protein fibers like collagen muscular ??? nervous ??? 7 Extracellular matrix = everything outside/between the cells ground substance + extracellular protein fibers collagen fibers (thickest) sticky, viscous elastic fibers (made out of elastin) reticular fibers (thinnest) © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 8 Proteins’ structures suggest their functional properties collagen elastin Which is elastin, and which is collagen? 9 Tie-in with Chapter 3: Where are extracellular proteins made? How do they reach their final destination? vesicles dump proteins outside cell ER sent proteins to Golgi, packaged as vesicles proteins synthesized on ribosomes on ER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5a Connective tissues. Embryonic connective tissue: Mesenchyme Description: * gel-like ground substance * sparse, fine fibers * star-shaped mesenchymal cells Fibers Location: Ground Primarily in embryo substance Mesenchymal cell Function: gives rise to all connective tissues 11 LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5b Connective tissues. all older from here Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, areolar Ward's 93-3224 Description: * gel-like matrix with all 3 fiber types Collagen * cells: many types! fibers Fibroblast nuclei Location: Widely distributed under epithelia Elastic fibers Epithelium Lamina propria (1) cushioning! (2) macrophages and mast cells Function: contribute to inflammation and immune response 12 LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5c Connective tissues. Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, adipose Description: * sparse matrix (unusual for connective tissue) * closely packed adipocytes * nucleus pushed to the side Location: * under skin Vacuole * around kidneys & eyes containing * abdomen fat droplet * breasts Nuclei of fat cells Function: cushioning; energy storage; warmth/insulation 13 LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5d Connective tissues. Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, reticular Description: * network of reticular fibers * loose ground substance * reticular cells Location: Lymphoid organs (lymph White nodes, bone marrow, spleen) blood cell (lymphocyte) Reticular fibers Spleen blood cell development; "cleaning" blood of old cells Function: 14 LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5e Connective tissues. Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense regular Description: * primarily parallel collagen fibers * major cell type: fibroblast Collagen Location: IMPORTANT fibers * Tendons * Ligaments Nuclei of fibroblasts Shoulder joint Ligament Tendon Function: Connect bone to bones and bones to muscle 15 Figure 6.5f Connective tissues. Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, elastic Description: * Mostly elastic fibers Location: * Walls of large arteries Elastic * Between vertebrae fibers Aorta Heart Photomicrograph: Elastic connective tissue in the wall of the aorta (250). Function: allows tissues to stretch (and then relax) 16 LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5g Connective tissues. Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense irregular Description: * primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers (not all parallel) * major cell type: fibroblast Nuclei of fibroblasts Location: * capsules of organs & joints * dermis of skin Collagen fibers Fibrous joint capsule 93-2360 ligamentum nuchae includes this Function: strong in all directions 17 LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5h Connective tissues. Supporting connective tissue = cartilage + bone Cartilage: hyaline Description: * amorphous but firm matrix * collagen fibers form an imperceptible network Chondrocyte (can't see collagen) in lacuna Location: * ends of long bones * ribs * nose, trachea, larynx Matrix Costal cartilages Function: strength; resists compression 18 LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5i Connective tissues. Cartilage: elastic Description: * Similar to hyaline cartilage, but more elastic fibers cartilage cell Chondrocyte in lacuna Location: * external ear (auricle) * epiglottis Matrix Function: flexible, maintains shape 19 LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5j Connective tissues. Cartilage: fibrocartilage Description: * Matrix similar to butXXXXXX less firm than hyaline cartilage’s * Mostly thick collagen fibers Location: * intervertebral discs * pubic bones * knee joint Chondrocytes in lacunae Intervertebral discs Collagen fiber Photomicrograph: Fibrocartilage of an intervertebral disc (160). Special staining produced the blue color seen. Function: strength/support, resists compression 20 LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5k Connective tissues. Bones (osseous tissue) Description: * hard, calcified matrix with many collagen fibers Central * osteocytes in lacunae * abundant blood supply canal Lacunae Location: Lamella .BUSJYESZ IBTDBMDJVNDBSCPOBUFBOEDBMDJVN QIPTQIBUFJOTUFBEPGQPMZTBDDIBSJEFT Function: support/strength; levers for muscles; marrow => blood cell development 21 LAB MANUAL Figure 6.5l Connective tissues. Blood Description: * fluid matrix (plasma) Plasma Neutrophil Location: Red blood cells Lymphocyte Photomicrograph: Smear of human blood (1000); two white blood cells (neutrophil and lymphocyte) are seen surrounded by red blood cells. transport... RBCs carry O2, white blood cells => immune Function: system, platelets do clotting 22 4-4 Connective Tissue • Functions of Connective Tissues? (summary of previous slides…) 1. Connective tissue proper cushioning, connection 2. Fluid connective tissues transport 3. Supporting connective tissues strength and support 23 Review: Connective Tissue • Which is stiffer? Collagen - resists stretching 24 Review: Connective Tissue IGNORE!!!!!! • Which is stiffest, based on location in body? • Hyaline cartilage • Elastic cartilage • Fibrocartilage 25.
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