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GEOSYNCHRONOUS PLATFORM DEFINITION STUDY CASE Volume IV - Part 2 COPY TRAFFIC ANALYSIS and SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS for the NEW TRAFFIC MODEL

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GEOSYNCHRONOUS PLATFORM DEFINITION STUDY CASE Volume IV - Part 2 COPY TRAFFIC ANALYSIS and SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS for the NEW TRAFFIC MODEL CONTRACT HAS 9-12909 SD 73-SA-0036 4 PART 2 GEOSYNCHRONOUS PLATFORM DEFINITION STUDY CASE Volume IV - Part 2 COPY TRAFFIC ANALYSIS AND SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FOR THE NEW TRAFFIC MODEL JUNE 1973 Space Division Rockwell International 12214 Lakewood Boulevard Downey, California 90241 CONTRACT MAS 9-12909 SO 73-SA-0036-4 PART 2 GEOSYNCHRONOUS PLATFORM DEFINITION STUDY Volume IV - Part 2 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS AND SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FOR THE NEW TRAFFIC MODEL H. L. Myers GPDS STUD Y MAN A GER JUNE 1973 Space Division Rockwell International 12214 Lakewood Boulevard Downey, California 90241 Page Intentionally Left Blank Space Division North American Rockwell FOREWORD The Geosynchronous PI a't'forirr Definition Study'was a pre-Phase A analysis conducted by the Space Division of Rockwell International Corporation (Rockwell) under Contract NAS9-12909 for the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The study explores the scope of geosynchronous traffic, the needs and benefits of multifunction space plat- forms, transportation system interfaces, and the definition of representative platform conceptual designs. The work was administered under the technical direction of Mr. David Brown (Telephone 713-483-6321) of the Program Planning Office/Future Programs Division of the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. This report consists of the following seven volumes: Volume I - Executive Summary SD 73-SA-0036-1 Volume II - Overall Study Summary SD 73-SA-0036-2 Volume III - Geosynchronous Mission Characteristics SD 73-SA-0036-3 Volume IV, Part 1 - Traffic Analysis and System SD 73-SA-0036-4 Reguirements for the Baseline Traffic Part 1 Model Volume IV, Part 2 - Traffic Analysis and System SD 73-SA-0036-4 Reguirements for the New Traffic Model Part 2 Volume V - Geosynchronous Platform Synthesis SD 73-SA-0036-5 Volume VI Geosynchronous Program Evaluation and SD 73-SA-0036-6 Recommendations Volume VII - Geosynchronous Transportation SD 73-SA-0036-7 Requirements Acknowledgement is given to the following individuals for their partici- pation in and contributions to the conduct of the study: R. D. Meston Mission and Program Analysis L. R. Hogan Systems Engineering and Spacecraft Design E. Mehrbach Communications and Avionics Dr. K. A. Ehricke Advanced Mission Analysis M. R. Schall Operations and Traffic Analysis J. W. Patrick Crew Systems and Servicing Analysis E. L. Triman Communications E. G. Clegg Spacecraft Design K. B. Roberts Operations Analysis A. Gianformaggio Cost Analysis D. W. Earle System Integration R. E. Ogelvie Guidance and Control R. P. Arras Thermal Control W. C. Schmill Electrical Power J. B. Weddell Astro-Physics Programs E. F. Kraly Sensor Systems Analysis - 111 - SU 73-SA-0036-4 Space Division North American Rockwell CONTENTS Section Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION . 1-1 2.0 SUMMARY 2-1 NEW TRAFFIC MODEL . 2-1 GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT SATURATION .... 2-5 GEOSYNCHRONOUS REQUIREMENTS ASSESSMENT. 2-6 3.0 NEW TRAFFIC MODEL . 3-1 3.1 CANDIDATE USER ORIENTED FUNCTIONAL APPLICATIONS 3-3 COMMUNICATIONS AND DATA .... 3-3 SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS . .. .. 3-5 3.2 U.S. DATA TRAFFIC FORECASTS (COMMUNICATIONS, SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS) . 3-7 EDUCATION 3-9 COMMERCIAL BROADCAST . 3-9 TELECONFERENCING 3-12 TELEGRAPH . 3-12 POST OFFICE 3-14 MEDICAL DATA BANK . 3-14 BANKING, BUSINESS, AND CREDIT TRANSACTIONS . 3-17 NEWSPAPER 3-19 ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING 3-19 CIVIL DEFENSE 3-19 WELFARE DATA BANK 3-21 LIBRARY DATA BANK 3-23 PRIVATE RECORD BANKS 3-23 TELECOMPUTATIONS 3-26 METEOROLOGY 3-29 EARTH RESOURCES . 3-29 NAVIGATION 3-29 AIRCRAFT CONTROL 3-31 COMMUNICATIONS AND SYSTEM TEST .... 3-33 ASTRONOMY 3-35 TRACKING AND DATA RELAY . 3-36 SOLAR ILLUMINATION ....... 3-36 SPACE POWER RELAY 3-39 3.3 WORLD AREA USER REQUIREMENTS DEVELOPMENT . 3-41 COMMUNICATIONS AND DATA TRAFFIC .... 3-41 INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS . 3-48 NATIONAL SPACE APPLICATIONS PROGRAM . 3-48 - V - SD 73-SA-0036-4 Space Division North American Rockwell Section Page 3.4 WORLD USER REQUIREMENTS BY FUNCTIONAL SATELLITE TYPE : 3-51 INTERNATIONAL/DOMSAT TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION . 3-52 INTERNATIONAL SATELLITE (INTELSAT) 3-57 DOMESTIC SATELLITE (DOMSAT) 3-61 METEOROLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES SATELLITE MERSAT) 3-61 NAVIGATION AND AIRCRAFT CONTROL (NACSAT) . 3-64 APPLICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE (ATS) . 3-64 ASTRONOMY SATELLITE 3-64 TRACKING AND DATA RELAY SATELLITE (TORS) . 3-64 SOLAR ILLUMINATION SATELLITE 3-64 POWER RELAY SATELLITE 3-69 3.5 FUNCTIONAL SATELLITE CHARACTERISTICS -,- . 3-79 INTELSAT CHARACTERISTICS CRITERIA /: . 3-79 Earth Coverage . 3-79 Satellite Longitudinal Locations . 3-81 Lifetime 3-81 Data Rate Capability . 3-81 Satellite Redundancy . 3-81 DOMSAT CHARACTERISTICS CRITERIA .... 3-81 Earth Coverage 3-81 Satellite Longitudinal Location .,•>, . 3-81 Lifetime 3-81 Data Rate Capability 3-81 Satellite Redundancy 3-82 MERSAT CHARACTERISTICS CRITERIA .... 3-82 Earth Coverage 3-82 Satellite Longitudinal Location .... 3-82 Lifetime 3-82 Data Rate Capacity 3-82 Satellite Redundancy 3-82 NACSAT CHARACTERISTICS CRITERIA .... 3-82 Earth Coverage 3-82 Satellite Longitudinal Location .... 3-83 Lifetime . 3-83 Data Rate Capacity 3-83 Satellite Redundancy 3-83 ATS CHARACTERISTICS CRITERIA 3-83 Earth Coverage 3-83 Satellite Longitudinal Location .... 3-83 Lifetime 3-83 Data Rate Capacity 3-84 Satellite Redundancy 3-84 ASTRONOMY CHARACTERISTICS CRITERIA . 3-84 Earth Coverage 3-84 Satellite Longitudinal Location .... 3-84 Lifetime 3-84 Data Rate Capacity 3-84 Satellite Redundancy 3-84 SD 73-SA-0036-4 Space Division North American Rockwell Section Page TORS CHARACTERISTICS CRITERIA 3-84 Earth Coverage . .,.,,..• • ,.„•.•• • • • 3-84 Satellite Longitudiriaf Locatiorvs . 3-85 Lifetime 3-85 Data Rate Capacity 3-85 Satellite Redundancy 3-85 3.6 FUNCTIONAL SATELLITE LOCATIONS . 3-87 3.7 TRAFFIC MODEL SCHEDULES BY SATELLITE FUNCTIONS . 3-89 3.8 NEW TRAFFIC MODEL SUMMARIES ...... 3-105 4.0 GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT SATURATION 4-1 4.1 PHYSICAL CONTENTION ANALYSIS 4-3 APPROACH ' ... 4-3 SATELLITE CONGESTION EVALUATION .... 4-3 4.2 EMI CONTENTION ANALYSIS 4-11 SATELLITE RF CHARACTERISTICS ..... 4-11 SATELLITE DISTRIBUTIONS BY FREQUENCY BAND . 4-13 EMI MODEL, CRITERIA AND ANALYSIS .... 4-13 RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS ....... 4-21 5.0 GEOSYNCHRONOUS REQUIREMENTS ASSESSMENT .... 5-1 5.1 SATELLITE INVENTORY ANALYSIS 5-3 PROGRAMMATIC DESCRIPTIONS 5-3 Intelsat 5-3 Domsat . ... 5-4 Mersat 5-4 Nacsat . , . 5-5 Advanced Technology Satellite (ATS) ... 5-5 Astro-Physics . 5-5 Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) . 5-6 SPACECRAFT CHARACTERISTICS 5-6 5.2 MISSION OBJECTIVES GROUPING 5-9 5.3 GEOSYNCHRONOUS PLATFORM REQUIREMENTS . 5-13 COMMON SUPPORT .MODULE 5-13 DATA RELAY PLATFORMS . 5-13 TRACKING AND DATA RELAY PLATFORMS .... 5-23 OBSERVATIONAL PLATFORM REQUIREMENTS . 5-24 NAVIGATION AND TRAFFIC CONTROL PLATFORMS . 5-25 Functional Parameters 5-26 Summary 5-27 5.4 ON-ORBIT SERVICING CRITERIA 5-29 CONFIGURATIONAL REQUIREMENTS 5-29 SUBSYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS . 5-29 EVOLUTIONARY CONSIDERATIONS 5-30 SD 73-SA-0036-4 Space Division North American Rockwell ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 2.0-1 New Traffic Model Development Approach .... 2-2 2.0-2 Satellite Spacing Geometry . .2-6 2.0-3 Zone 2 Satellite Distribution for The New Traffic Model (1990) ..... .2-7 3.0-1 Geosynchronous Platform Definition Study Logic . 3-2 3.2-1 Ratio of Satellite to Long Distance Information Traffic . 3-8 3.2-2 Education Function Demand Model for USA . 3-10 3.2-3 Commercial Broadcast Function Demand Model for USA . 3-11 3.2-4 Teleconference Function Demand Model for USA . .3-13 3.2-5 Postal Function Demand Model for USA .. 3-15 3.2-6 Medical Data Bank Function Demand Model for USA . .3-16 3.2-7 Banking, Business, and Credit Transaction Function Demand Model for USA . 3-18 3.2-8 Newspaper Function Demand Model for USA .. 3-20 3.2-9 Civil Defense Function Demand Model for USA . 3-22 3.2-10 Welfare Data Bank Function Demand Model for USA . 3-24 3.2-11 Library Data Bank Function Demand Model for USA . 3-25 3.2-12 Private Record Bank Function Demand Model for USA . 3-27 3.2-13 Telecomputation Function Demand Model for USA . 3-28 3.2-14 Meteorology Function Demand Model for USA . 3-30 3.2-15 Earth Resources Function Demand Model for USA . 3-30 3.2-16 Navigation Function Demand Model for World Users . 3-32 3.2-17 Aircraft Control Function Demand Model for World Users . 3-33 3.2-18 Communications and System Test Function Demand Model for USA 3-34 3.2-19 Astronomy Function Demand Model for USA . 3-35 3.2-20 Tracking and Data Relay Function Demand Model for USA . 3-37 3.2-21 Solar Illumination Development Projection . 3-38 3.2-22 Space Power Relay Development Projection . 3-40 3.3-1 World Population Trend ... 3-42 3.3-2 World Illiteracy Trends . ... 3-43 3.3-3 World Literate Population Trend . ... 3-44 3.3-4 Demand Extrapolation Ratio Development .... 3-45 3.3-5 Extrapolation Ratios for Principal World Areas '. 3-47 3.3-6 World National Space Applications Program Extrapolation Ratios .... .. .... 3-50 3.4-1 Intelsat Traffic Percentage for the Common Intelsat/Domsat Functions . 3-56 3.4-2 World Intelsat Forecast by Continental Area . 3-58 3.4-3 World Intelsat Forecast by Satellite Location . 3-59 3.4-4 Real Time Communications Demand Duty Cycle for a Single Time Zone . .... 3-60 3.4-5 World Domsat Forecast by Continental Area . 3-62 3.4-6 World Mersat Forecast . .... 3-63 3.4-7 World Nacsat Forecast . .... 3-65 - ix - SD 73-SA-0036-4 Space Division t* North American Rockwell Figure [ Page 3.4-8 World ATS Forecast :. 3-66 3.4-9 World Astronomy Forecast 3-67 3.4-10 World TORS Forecast 3-68 3.4-11 A Lunetta System 3-70 3.4-12 Reflector Design and Positioning 3-71 3.4-13 Lunetta Uses and Size Requirements .
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