DOCSLIB.ORG

Archaeology of Identity – Archäologie Der Identität Österreichische Akademie Der Wissenschaften Philosophisch-Historische Klasse Denkschriften, 406

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Archaeology of Identity – Archäologie Der Identität Österreichische Akademie Der Wissenschaften Philosophisch-Historische Klasse Denkschriften, 406 WALTER POHL/MATHIAS MEHOFER (HG.) ARCHAEOLOGY OF IDENTITY – ARCHÄOLOGIE DER IDENTITÄT ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN PHILOSOPHISCH-HISTORISCHE KLASSE DENKSCHRIFTEN, 406. BAND FORSCHUNGEN ZUR GESCHICHTE DES MITTELALTERS BAND 17 HERAUSGEGEBEN VOM INSTITUT FÜR MITTELALTERFORSCHUNG ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN PHILOSOPHISCH-HISTORISCHE KLASSE DENKSCHRIFTEN, 406. BAND FORSCHUNGEN ZUR GESCHICHTE DES MITTELALTERS BAND 17 Archaeology of Identity – Archäologie der Identität HERAUSGEGEBEN VON WALTER POHL / MATHIAS MEHOFER Vorgelegt von w. M. WALTER POHL in der Sitzung am 20.Juni 2008 Gedruckt mit Unterstützung durch den Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung Umschlaggestaltung: Dagmar Giesriegl British Library Cataloguing in Publication data A Catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library Die verwendete Papiersorte ist aus chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff hergestellt, frei von säurebildenden Bestandteilen und alterungsbeständig. Alle Rechte vorbehalten ISBN 978-3-7001-6502-6 Copyright © 2010 by Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien Satz und Layout: Gerald Reisenbauer, ÖAW Druck und Bindung: Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., A-3580 Horn Printed and bound in the EU http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/6502-6 http://verlag.oeaw.ac.at C SANÁD BÁLINT A contribution to research on ethnicity: a view from and on the east THE STATE OF RESEARCH The results of modern research on ethnicity have not yet reached specialists of the early medieval Eurasian steppe in Eastern Europe (nor have the results of the latter reached the former). This has many reasons. First the most obvious: many of these publications remain unknown to Central and East European scholars either due to fi nancial reasons or the lack of connections or knowledge of languages. This aspect does not need further elaboration. The other group of obstacles, however, is more complex and less easy to tackle: it is the lack of open-mindedness required to change traditional methods. This has two roots: partly it stems from the approach according to which European and Asian historical processes are completely different and incompa- rable, partly from the methodological backwardness of Eastern European research. The fi rst is almost understandable, since these two worlds had completely different foundations and the development of their study had different trajectories as well. The fact of difference was evident and it seemed pointless to go beyond its acknowledgement and look for or establish possible parallels and perhaps analyze them. When such were nonetheless found, they immediately shed light on the differences between the ap- proaches of Eastern and Western European research, for example in connection with the defi nition of the concept of ‘ethnos’, whose material aspects were emphasized in Soviet research, as opposed to the emphasis on mental aspects in Western European and North American traditions.1 It would be enlightening to compare Eastern and Western European archaeology in terms of the use of one of their methods in the twentieth cen- tury. Western European archaeological research has already thoroughly analyzed the ‘Kossinna-syndrome’, the manifestations of the archaeology of Nazi Germany that was partly based on Kossinna,2 but from the same point of view ignored the concepts of another infl uential scholar, V. G. Childe,3 who dallied with Stalinist So- viet Union and Marxism, and who, in his retrospective “scientifi c last will” called the early period of his own scientifi c career ‘childeish’ (“...but not childish”),4 and who had almost identical views regarding the ethnic identifi cation of archaeological cultures to Kossinna’s. Although the connection between archaeological cul- tures and ethnicity has been heavily criticized, this is not because one of its fi rst theoreticians was the German Gustaf Kossinna. This approach was generally accepted until the middle of the twentieth century and its roots can be traced back to the works of G. F. Klemm and E. B. Taylor, F. Boas and L. Frobenius as a consequence of which during the whole nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century culture as such was generally viewed as a historical and ethnospecifi c phenomenon.5 For the same reason it was obvious for everyone in that period that behind archaeological fi nds and phenomena peoples must be looked for. In order to depoliticize 1 Ulrich Braukämper, Migration und ethnischer Wandel (Stuttgart 1992) 47. 2 Sebastian Brather, Kossinna, Gustaf, in: RGA 2. Aufl age 17. (Berlin/New York 2000) 263–267; Ulrich Veit, Gustaf Kossinna and his concept of national archaeology, in: Archaeology, Ideology and Society: The German Experience, ed. Heinrich Härke (Gesellschaften und Staaten im Epochenwandel 7, Frankfurt/M. 2000) 41–66, at 41–44; Eine hervorragend nationale Wissen- schaft: Deutsche Prähistoriker zwischen 1900 und 1995, ed. Heiko Steuer (RGA Erg. Bd. 29, Berlin/New York 2001). For a more balanced view see Leo Klejn, Kossinna im Abstand von vierzig Jahren, in: Jahresschrift Mitteldeutscher Vorgeschichte 58 (1974) 7–55; Florin Curta, From Kossinna to Bromley: Ethnogenesis in Slavic Archaeology, in: On Barbarian Identity. Critical Ap- proaches to Ethnicity in the Early Middle Ages, ed. Andrew Gillett (Studies in the Early Middle Ages 4, Turnhout 2002) 201–218, at 203. Ulrich Veit quoted a sentence by E. McWhite as his motto: “It is almost fashionable to be derogatory about Kossina’s theories, but his methods were perhaps not as bad as the way he himself misused them”, see Ulrich Veit, Ethnic concepts in German prehistory: a case Study on the relationship between cultural identity and archaeological objectivity, in: Archaeological Approaches to Cultural Identity, ed. Stephan J. Shennan (One World Archaeology 10, London 1989) 35–56, at 35. 3 Leo S. Klejn, Childe and Soviet archaeology. A romance, in: The Archaeology of V. Gordon Childe, ed. David R. Harris (London 1994) 75–93. (especially: ‘The dangerous Marxist’, at 76–80); Ulrich Veit, [Comment] Current Anthropology 39 (1998) 39; János Makkay, V. Gordon Childe i jego prehistoria z perspektywy węgierskiej, in: V. Gordon Childe i archeologia w XX wieku, ed. Christian Lübke (Warszawa 1999) 345–357, at 347–348. 4 Jean-Paul Demoule, Archäologische Kulturen und moderne Nationen, in: Archäologien Europas – Archaeologies of Europe, ed. Peter F. Biehl/Alexander Gramsch/Arkadiusz Marciniak (Tübinger Archäologische Tachenbücher 3, Münster/New York/ München/Berlin 2002) 133–143, at 137. 5 Sebastian Brather, Ethnic Identities as Constructions of Archaeology: The Case of the Alamanni, in: On Barbarian Identity. Criti- cal Approaches to Ethnicity in the Early Middle Ages, ed. Andrew Gillett (Studies in the Early Middle Ages 4, Turnhout 2002) 149–175, at 150. 146 Csanád Bálint the assessment of the approach built on Kossinna’s views we have to note that Soviet archaeology treaded the same path: e.g. the territory of the early Rus’ state was determined by A. A. Spicyn (1899) and V. V. Sedov (1986) with the help of the spatial distribution of the same fi bula type (!).6 As L. S. Klejn – an experienced wit- ness! – put it, Soviet archaeology can be characterized by a nationalistic-patriotic development from Marxist evolutionism towards Kossinna-type ethnicism.7 These parallelisms8 – omitting the unscientifi c views of Nazi archaeologists and ethnographers – show that we are dealing with a phenomenon independent of ideologies, basically a general approach during a long period of the history of research. The methodological stagnation of Central and Eastern European archaeology had many causes that can be traced back to the dominant political atmosphere of the second half of the twentieth century: a) Due to the nature of dictatorship, in the 1950ies it was impossible to use philosophies and methods other than Marxism; they could be discussed only from a critical standpoint. At the same time, in ‘socialist’ countries ‘Marxism’ existed only in its vulgar form, and for example in archaeology its application was restricted to certain issues (e.g. class society, exploitation, etc.) and the regular use of certain ideological expressions and quotations. This lack of standards also brought about some relief, since in order to ascer- tain one’s everyday existence, it was enough to give the emperor what belonged to the emperor. It was, however, inadvisable to go any further, since for those who were not familiar with daily politics it was risky to attempt to use Marxism in archaeology or history. Because of the fi ght between various Communist political trends one single – perhaps only in retrospect! – wrong expression or quotation could have caused a devastating ideological stigma (e.g. Hegelian or Trotskyist), which could frequently have existential con- sequences. Thus, it was more secure to refrain from all forms of theoretical work. After the Stalinist era the ideological pressure eased up in different rhythms in the countries of the Soviet block: it started fi rst in Poland and Hungary, and lasted the longest in the Soviet Union and the German Democratic Republic. In the Soviet Union of the 1960ies, research on ethnicity was connected by the powerful main ideologist of the issue, J. V. Bromlej, with the study of the ‘ėtničeskij process’ (= ‘ethnic process’)9 – which, however, was nothing else but the Russianization of the peoples and ethnic groups of the country.10 The emergence of the expression “tjurkizacija” around the beginning of the 1970ies in the Soviet archaeology of the Ural region and in Turkology
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fascist Italy's Aerial Defenses in the Second World War
    Fascist Italy's Aerial Defenses in the Second World War CLAUDIA BALDOLI ABSTRACT This article focuses on Fascist Italy's active air defenses during the Second World War. It analyzes a number of crucial factors: mass production of anti- aircraft weapons and fighters; detection of enemy aircraft by deploying radar; coordination between the Air Ministry and the other ministries involved, as well as between the Air Force and the other armed services. The relationship between the government and industrialists, as well as that between the regime and its German ally, are also crucial elements of the story. The article argues that the history of Italian air defenses reflected many of the failures of the Fascist regime itself. Mussolini's strategy forced Italy to assume military responsibilities and economic commitments which it could not hope to meet. Moreover, industrial self-interest and inter-service rivalry combined to inhibit even more the efforts of the regime to protect its population, maintain adequate armaments output, and compete in technical terms with the Allies. KEYWORDS air defenses; Air Ministry; anti-aircraft weapons; bombing; Fascist Italy; Germany; radar; Second World War ____________________________ Introduction The political and ideological role of Italian air power worked as a metaphor for the regime as a whole, as recent historiography has shown. The champions of aviation, including fighter pilots who pursued and shot down enemy planes, represented the anthropological revolution at the heart of the totalitarian experiment.1 As the Fascist regime had practiced terrorist bombing on the civilian populations of Ethiopian and Spanish towns and villages before the Second World War, the Italian political and military leadership, press, and industrialists were all aware of the potential role of air 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Revue Européenne Des Sciences Sociales, XL-124
    Revue européenne des sciences sociales European Journal of Social Sciences XL-124 | 2002 Histoire, philosophie et sociologie des sciences Pour un état des lieux des rapports établis et des problèmes ouverts. XIXe colloque annuel du Groupe d’Étude « Pratiques Sociales et Théories » Gérald Berthoud et Giovanni Busino (dir.) Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ress/568 DOI : 10.4000/ress.568 ISSN : 1663-4446 Éditeur Librairie Droz Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 août 2002 ISBN : 2-600-00806-3 ISSN : 0048-8046 Référence électronique Gérald Berthoud et Giovanni Busino (dir.), Revue européenne des sciences sociales, XL-124 | 2002, « Histoire, philosophie et sociologie des sciences » [En ligne], mis en ligne le 01 décembre 2009, consulté le 04 décembre 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ress/568 ; DOI : https://doi.org/ 10.4000/ress.568 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 4 décembre 2020. © Librairie Droz 1 Actes édités par Gérald Berthoud et Giovanni Busino avec la collaboration rédactionnelle de Daniela Cerqui, Farinaz Fassa, Sabine Kradolfer, Frédéric Ischy et Olivier Simoni Revue européenne des sciences sociales, XL-124 | 2002 2 SOMMAIRE Avant-propos La connaissance a-t-elle un sujet ? Un essai pour repenser l’individu Catherine Chevalley Normes, communauté et intentionnalité Pierre Jacob Un modèle polyphonique en épistémologie sociale Croyances individuelles, pluralité des voix et consensus en matière scientifique39-58 Alban Bouvier La question du réalisme scientifique : un problème épistémologique central Angèle Kremer Marietti Objectivité et subjectivité en science. Quelques aperçus Jacqueline Feldman La notion de révolution scientifique aujourd’hui Gérard Jorland Hétérogénéité ontologique du social et théorie de la description.
    [Show full text]
  • US Fifth Army History
    FIFTH ARMY HISTORY 5 JUNE - 15 AUGUST 1944^ FIFTH ARMY HISTORY **.***•* **• ••*..•• PART VI "Pursuit to the ^rno ************* CONFIDENTIAL t , v-.. hi Lieutenant General MARK W. CLARK . commanding CONTENTS. page CHAPTER I. CROSSING THE TIBER RIVE R ......... i A. Rome Falls to Fifth Army i B. Terrain from Rome to the Arno Ri\ er . 3 C. The Enemy Situation 6 CHAPTER II. THE PURSUIT IS ORGANIZED 9 A. Allied Strategy in Italy 9 B. Fifth Army Orders 10 C. Regrouping of Fifth Army Units 12 D. Characteristics of the Pursuit Action 14 1. Tactics of the Army 14 2. The Italian Partisans .... .. 16 CHAPTER III. SECURING THE FIRST OBJECTIVES 19 A. VI Corps Begins the Pursuit, 5-11 June 20 1. Progress along the Coast 21 2. Battles on the Inland Route 22 3. Relief of VI Corps 24 B. II Corps North of Rome, 5-10 June 25 1. The 85th Division Advances 26 2. Action of the 88th Division 28 CHAPTER IV. TO THE OMBRONE - ORCIA VALLEY .... 31 A. IV Corps on the Left, 11-20 June 32 1. Action to the Ombrone River 33 2. Clearing the Grosseto Area 36 3. Right Flank Task Force 38 B. The FEC Drive, 10-20 June 4 1 1. Advance to Highway 74 4 2 2. Gains on the Left .. 43 3. Action on the Right / • • 45 C. The Capture of Elba • • • • 4^ VII page CHAPTER V. THE ADVANCE 70 HIGHWAY 68 49 A. IV Corps along the Coast, 21 June-2 July 51 1. Last Action of the 36th Division _^_ 5 1 2.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case-Study of the German Archaeologist Herbert Jankuhn (1905-1990)
    Science and Service in the National Socialist State: A Case-Study of the German Archaeologist Herbert Jankuhn (1905-1990) by Monika Elisabeth Steinel UCL This thesis is submitted for examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) January 2009 DECLARATION I, Monika Elisabeth Steinel, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. January 2009 2 ABSTRACT The thesis investigates the relationship between archaeology, politics and ideology through a case-study of the prominent German archaeologist Herbert Jankuhn (1905- 1990). It addresses the following questions: what role do archaeological scholars assume in a totalitarian state’s organisational structures, and what may motivate them to do so? To what extent and how are archaeologists and their scientific work influenced by the political and ideological context in which they perform, and do they play a role in generating and/or perpetuating ideologies? The thesis investigates the nature and extent of Jankuhn's practical involvement in National Socialist hierarchical structures, and offers a thematically structured analysis of Jankuhn's archaeological writings that juxtaposes the work produced during and after the National Socialist period. It investigates selected components of Herbert Jankuhn's research interests and methodological approaches, examines his representations of Germanic/German pre- and protohistory and explores his adapting interpretations of the early medieval site of Haithabu in northern Germany. The dissertation demonstrates that a scholar’s adaptation to political and ideological circumstances is not necessarily straightforward or absolute. As a member of the Schutzstaffel, Jankuhn actively advanced National Socialist ideological preconceptions and military aims.
    [Show full text]
  • Discourse and Politics in German and Swedish Archaeology 1900-1950'
    Kossinna, the Nol"dische Gedanke, and Swedish Archaeology Discourse and politics in German and Swedish archaeology 1900-1950' Per Cornell, Ulf Borelius, Dan Kresa & Thomas Backlund This article looks at the relation between Swedish and German archaeology in the first half of the 20'" century. In particular, the focus is on the question why Swedish prehistorians came to accept the archaeology of Gustaf Kossinna. Thc methodological inspiration principally comes from Carlo Ginzburg and his idea of clucs. The empirical material mainly consists of books and journals. Newspapers and archives have also been used, but to a much lesser cxtent. Gustaf Kossinna was the dominant archaeologist in Germany in the early 20'" ccntury. The Siedliuigsarchä ologie was to a large extent his creation, and he was instrumental in making a spatial tum in archaeology. Kossinna was part of the Nordische Gedanke movement. Thus, the Nordic/Germanic blood, earth, and soil were paramount to Kossinnian archaeology. It was so important that Kossinna thought only Europe, in particular the Nordic region, which to him included parts of Germany, should be subjectcd to archaeological investigations. At the tum of the 20'" ccntury, Swedish archaeology was dominated by Oscar Monte- lius and his chronological typology. In the 1910s, however, his position was challcngcd by proponents of a more spatially oriented archaeology. Among thc opponents werc two young archaeologists, Nils Åberg and Sune Lindquist, who both had participated in the archaeological seminar organiscd by Knut Stjerna. In different ways, Åberg and Lindquist used Kossinna's archaeology in thc struggle against the Montelian dominance. Pet Cotrnel/, lust föi.
    [Show full text]
  • M3 0010.Frontespizio.Indd 1 03/04/13 15:37
    M3_0010.frontespizio.indd 1 03/04/13 15:37 M3_0010.frontespizio.indd 2 03/04/13 15:37 M3_0010.frontespizio.indd 3 03/04/13 15:37 © 2013 RCS Libri S.p.A., Milan All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior consent of the publisher. Special Edition printed for Barilla G. e R. Fratelli S.p.A. Translation by Aaron Maines Images courtesy © Barilla Historical Archives The publisher has made every effort to locate and contact all the holders of copyright to material reproduced in this book. The publisher remains available to address any rights that have not been fully identified. M3_0020.copy_PS.indd 4 03/04/13 15:37 M3_0030.occhiello.indd 5 03/04/13 15:38 M3_0030.occhiello.indd 6 03/04/13 15:38 For my friend Pietro. Francesco Alberoni M3_0040.dedica.indd 7 03/04/13 15:38 M3_0040.dedica.indd 8 03/04/13 15:38 INTRODUction I first met Pietro Barilla in the 1970s, worked as his consultant throughout his life, and was with him during his final days. When his children Guido, Luca, Paolo and Emanuela asked me to write their father’s biography, I thought it over for a long time. A biog- raphy is usually the work of a historian, someone who tells the sto- ry of a famous person’s life by rebuilding it as precisely as possi- ble, making the subject seem as close as possible, present in such a way that whoever reads the biography feels like a participant in his or her life.
    [Show full text]
  • Institute of Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, University of Vienna
    Volume IV ● Issue 1/2013 ● Pages 117–122 INTERDISCIPLINARIA ARCHAEOLOGICA NATURAL SCIENCES IN ARCHAEOLOGY homepage: http://www.iansa.eu IV/1/2013 A look at the region Institute of Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, University of Vienna Vienna University, Faculty of Historical and Cultural Sciences, Institute of Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, Franz-Klein-Gasse 1, A-1190 Vienna, Austria http://www.univie.ac.at/urgeschichte/; E-mail: [email protected]; Phone: (0043) 01 4277/40401 – 40404 Gerhard Trnka, Timothy Taylor 1. Institutional history We became the Institut für Urgeschichte und Historische Archäologie (Institute of Prehistoric and Historical Prehistoric archaeology was first recognized as a subject at Archaeology) in 2013, signalling our engagement with the the University of Vienna in 1892 as taught under the direction entire scope of human history, from evolutionary origins (as of Moritz Hoernes. The Prehistoric Institute (Prähistorisches before) through to the contemporary period. Institut) was founded in 1917. Oswald Menghin later changed the name to the ‘Urgeschichtliches Institut’ (which also translates into English as Prehistoric Institute, although 2. Facilities ‘Ur’ has more of a ‘primal’ connotation). The premises were originally small rooms in Wasagasse in the 9th District and in As concerns research and teaching, the Institute meets the Hanuschgasse in the 1st District, not far from the State Opera. necessary standards of a university. The Institute currently In 1963, Richard Pittioni changed the name to Institut für Ur- comprises eleven academic staff, a photographer with two und Frühgeschichte (Institute of Prehistory and Early History) assistants, a graphics technician, four conservators and three and the Institute moved to the university’s at the time new administrative staff in the secretarial office.
    [Show full text]
  • The Past As Propaganda: Totalitarian Archaeology in Nazi Germany
    The past as propaganda: totalitarian archaeology in Nazi Germany BETTINA ARNOLD* An important element to the future of archaeology in the ex-Communist countries of central Europe will be the freeing of archaeological ideas from the constraints of a particular set of social theories built into the fabric of the state, CIS Milisauskas noted in the last Ax’rJQLvTY (64: 283-5). This is a timely moment to look at the interference of a different set of social theories in the same region some decades ago. After almost six decades, there is no term Vorgeschichte (prehistory)was rejected as comprehensive account by a German-speaking a survival of anthropological thinking; Urge- prehistorian of the effects on prehistoric scho- schichte (early history) was preferred as better larship of the National Socialist regime, or the emphasizing the continuity of prehistory with Isle played by archaeology in legitimating it. documentary history (Sklenar 1983: 132). The This paper addresses the following questions: writings of the 19th-century French racial What were the foundations of German prehis- philosopher Gobineau provided a doctrine of toric research under the National Socialists the inequality of different races (Daniel & Ken- (NS)? What role did prehistory play in the frew 1988: 104-6). Journals and publications process of political legitimation from 1933 to dealing with the subject of race and genetic 1945? What did the NS system offer to prehis- engineering increasingly appeared in Germany torians in exchange for their part in this legiti- in the early 20th century, among them Volk und mation process? What was the official Party Hasse, which was founded in 1926, and policy regarding prehistoric archaeology? What Fortschritte der Erbpathologie und HC~SS~JI- was the response of the discipline to this hygiene, founded in 1929.
    [Show full text]
  • Monographien RGZM 150 (Mainz 2018)
    Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Archäologie SONDERDRUCK MONOGRAPHIEN DES RGZM Band 150 Jörg Drauschke · Ewald Kislinger · Karin Kühtreiber Thomas Kühtreiber · Gabriele Scharrer-Liška Tivadar Vida (Hrsg.) LEBENSWELTEN ZWISCHEN ARCHÄOLOGIE UND GESCHICHTE FESTSCHRIFT FÜR FALKO DAIM ZU SEINEM 65. GEBURTSTAG Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 2018 Redaktion: Claudia Nickel, Marie Röder (RGZM) Korrektur englischer Texte und Summaries: Carola Murray-Seegert, Oberursel Satz: Claudia Nickel (RGZM) Umschlaggestaltung: Claudia Nickel (RGZM), Foto: KHM-Museums- verband Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. ISBN 978-3-88467-292-1 ISSN 0171-1474 © 2018 Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Das Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Die dadurch begründeten Rechte, insbesondere die der Übersetzung, des Nachdrucks, der Entnahme von Abbildungen, der Funk- und Fernsehsendung, der Wiedergabe auf fotomechanischem (Fotokopie, Mikrokopie) oder ähnlichem Wege und der Speicherung in Datenverarbeitungs- anlagen, Ton- und Bildträgern bleiben, auch bei nur auszugsweiser Verwertung, vorbehalten. Die Vergütungsansprüche des § 54, Abs. 2, UrhG. werden durch die Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort wahrgenommen. Druck: johnen-druck GmbH & Co. KG, Bernkastel-Kues Printed in Germany. INHALTSVERZEICHNIS TEIL 1 Grußwort
    [Show full text]
  • “More Important Than All Technical Features Would Appear to Us the 'Volkliche' Differences”. Gotthard Neumann And
    Fabian Link “More Important than all Technical Features Would Appear to Us the volkliche Differences”.Gotthard Neumann and the völkisch Thought in German Prehistory, 1920s to 1960s Summary This paper examines the theoretical and methodological value of combining Begriffsgeschichte (conceptual history) with Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of habitus and social field by focusing on definitions of the völkisch thought in German prehistory. The theoretical perspective in this paper is that concepts on the semantic level are interlinked with historical processes in the social space, or the scientific field in this example. On the one hand, it is evident that völkisch elements belonged intrinsically to prehistoric archaeology in its development as an autonomous discipline in the scientific field. On the other hand, racist and völkisch thoughts were a result of the heteronomization that was enforced during the Nazi regime, when pre- historic archaeologists tried to use the Nazis to establish their discipline in academia. Keywords: Habitus- and field-theory; Begriffsgeschichte; völkisch thought; prehistory; Nazi regime. In diesem Artikel frage ich nach der theoretischen und methodologischen Tragweite einer Kombination von Begriffsgeschichte und Pierre Bourdieus Habitus- und Feldtheorie. Der Ansatz wird am Beispiel eines Definitionsversuchs völkischen Denkens in der deutschen Prähistorie ausgelotet. In dieser theoretischen Perspektive sind Denkhaltungen auf der se- mantischen Ebene mit historischen Ereignissen und Prozessen im sozialen Raum, das heißt in diesem Fall im wissenschatlichen Feld, verknüpt. Auf der einen Seite kann dadurch ge- zeigt werden, dass völkische Elemente zur Entwicklung der prähistorischen Archäologie als selbständiges Forschungsfeld gehörten. Auf der anderen Seite wird deutlich, dass rassis- tisches und völkisches Denken das Resultat einer Heteronomisierung der Prähistorie war, die sich während des NS-Regimes massiv verstärkte, als deutsche Prähistoriker versuchten, mit Hilfe einer Zusammenarbeit mit NS-Politikern ihren Forschungsbereich akademisch zu etablieren.
    [Show full text]
  • Avanti Savoia!
    Forca Expedicionaria Brasileira (Brazilian Expeditionary Force) in Italy, 1944 to 1945 French Expeditionary Corps Expeditionary French By Ken Camel, Jonathan Forsey, and Wayne Turner UPDATED ON 20 JANUARY 2014 BRASIL 1 BRASIL The Cobra is Smokin’ BRASIL The Brazilian 1st Expeditionary Infantry Division (1st DIE, for Divisão de Infantaria Expedicionária) in WWII. One of the lesser known contributors to the allied cause, the started in early 1943 with the goal of fielding three Infantry Brazilian Division fought in Italy in the 1944-45 period. Divisions to be deployed in three echelons. However, the sheer size of the task in recruiting, training, THE BRAZILIAN ARMY equipping, and shipping, with a lack of sea transport, Brazil sent observers to the French Army in World War I ultimately resulted the FEB being one Infantry Division subsequently establishing a French Military Mission to assist st the Brazilian Army modernize towards the French model. (Divisão de Infantaria Expedicionária, or 1 DIE for The mission was terminated in 1939 with the start of the short), under General Mascarenhas de Moraes, and a fighter war. squadron of 25,334 men. Though small by most Allied country standards it represented a major effort for Brazil. The between war years saw the politics of Brazil move economically towards both the United States and Germany. The Division comprised the following Infantry Regiments: Getulio Vargas came to power with the backing of the Army • 1st Infantry Regiment (Sampaio) from the area of Rio de in 1929. As a dictator, Vargas was sympathetic to the economic Janeiro woes of Germany and during the thirties commerce between Brazil and the new Nazi regime quadrupled.
    [Show full text]
  • The Master Plan: Himmler's Scholars and the Holocaust Heather Pringle
    1 The Master Plan: Himmler’s Scholars and the Holocaust Heather Pringle Chapter 1: Foreign Affairs 1. What was the Ahnenerbe? Who founded it and why did they do it? 2. The Ahnenerbe engaged in what sorts of activities? Chapter 2: The Reader 1. What was Heinrich Himmler like as a person? 2. What was Heinrich Himmler’s family background? Describe the relationship between Heinrich Himmler and his father Gebhard and how it affected his education and his politics. 3. How did Himmler come into contact with the Nazi party? Why was he attracted to the Nazi movement and how did he begin to move up in the organization? Terms (definition and significance): o Tacitus o Nibelungenlied o Houston Steward Chamberlain Chapter 3: Aryans 1. Describe the history of the concept of “race.” How did the nature of the concept of “race” help the Nazis? 2 2. Describe the evolution of Aryanism from the mid-eighteenth century to the 1920s. Terms (definition and significance): o James Parsons o Sir William Jones o Fredrich Schlegel o Theodor Benfey o Nordic Race o Hans F. K. Günther Chapter 4: Death’s-Head 1. How did Heinrich Himmler become the head of the SS and how did he transform that organization? 2. What did the Artamanen and Richard Walther Darré contribute to Himmler’s plans to transform the SS and Germany society? 3. How did Himmler conduct racial classification and how did he match the Aryan ideals himself? 4. What was the purpose of the “education offensive” and how was it conducted? Terms (definition and significance): o RuSHA o SS-Leitheft o Nordic Academy o Karl-Maria Wiligut o Weisthor o Wewelburg Chapter 5: Making Stones Speak 1.
    [Show full text]