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Lake Dwellings Part of the Beaker Complex Midgley & Sanders (eds.) LakeBackground Dwellings to Beakers is the result of an inspiring session at the yearly conference of European Association of Archaeologists in The Hague in September 2010. The conference brought together after Robert Munro Lake Dwellings after Robert Munro thirteen speakers on the subject Beakers in Transition. Together Dr Robert Munrowe explored (1835-1920) the background was a distinguished to the Bell medical beaker practitioner complex inwho, differ - in his later life,ent became regions, a keendeparting archaeologist. from the His idea particular that migration interests is laynot in the the com - lake-dwelling prehensivesettlements solutionof his native to the Scotland, adoption known of bell as crannogs,Beakers. Thereforeas well as we those then beingasked discovered the participants across Europe. to discuss In 1885 how Robert in their Munro region undertook Beakers a were review of all lacustrianincorporated research in existing in Europe, cultural travelling complexes, widely toas studyone of collections the manners and visit sites.to Theunderstand results of the this processes work formed of innovation the basis thatfor thewere prestigious undoubtedly Lake Dwellings part of the Beaker complex. Rhind Lectures at the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in 1888. These were then publishedIn thisas The book Lake-Dwellings eight of the speakersof Europe have, a landmark contributed publication papers, resulting for after Robert Munro archaeology andin a one diverse that cementedand interesting Munro’s approach archaeological to Beakers. reputation. We can see how scholars in Scandinavia, the Low Countries, Poland, Switzerland, Proceedings from the Munro International Seminar: In 1910 Robert Munro offered the University of Edinburgh a financial gift with France, Morocco even, struggle with the same problems, but have The Lake Dwellings of Europe 22nd and 23rd October 2010, which to funddifferent lectures insolutions Anthropology everywhere. and Prehistoric The book Archaeology. reads as an Over inspiration the University of Edinburgh past century thisfor newhas been approaches done through and for the a discussionMunro Trust. of Incultural 2010, backgroundsthe year of in the centenarystead of the of Munro searching Trust, for the the University oldest Beaker. of Edinburgh The authors and the are Society all estab - edited by of Antiquarieslished of Scotland scholars jointly in the celebrated field of Bronze the occasion Age research. with a gathering of Continental and British scholars. The papers presented in this publication are Magdalena S. Midgley & Jeff Sanders the results of that international seminar. This book will engage all those interested in European lake dwellings, wetland archaeology and the history of archaeology in the 19th century. The collected papers explore the historical context of Munro’s work, as well as introducing current research from across Europe. The book will appeal to both the professional and the interested amateur, of which Munro himself represented such an exciting synthesis. ISBN 978-90-8890-092-1 Sidestone Sidestone Press ISBN: 978-90-8890-092-1 Bestelnummer: SSP121870001 Artikelnummer: SSP121870001 9 789088 900921 This is an Open Access publication. Visit our website for more OA publication, to read any of our books for free online, or to buy them in print or PDF. www.sidestone.com Check out some of our latest publications: Lake Dwellings after Robert Munro Sidestone Press Lake Dwellings after Robert Munro Proceedings from the Munro International Seminar: The Lake Dwellings of Europe 22nd and 23rd October 2010, University of Edinburgh edited by Magdalena S. Midgley & Jeff Sanders © 2012 Individual Authors Published by Sidestone Press, Leiden www.sidestone.com Sidestone registration number: SSP121870001 ISBN 978-90-8890-092-1 Illustration cover: “Lake Village with Blue Mountain” by Ernest Griset (1844-1907); Lubbock family archives (reproduced with permission of the Lubbock family. Cover design: K. Wentink, Sidestone Press Lay-out: F. Stevens & P.C. van Woerdekom, Sidestone Press Contents Acknowledgments 7 List of contributors 9 List of figures 11 Preface 15 1 Munro and the emergence of archaeology 17 Magdalena S. Midgley and Jeff Sanders 2 A man changed by Darwin 37 David Clarke 3 Research on Neolithic and Early Bronze Age wetland 55 sites on the north European plain Johannes Müller 4 All in good tradition? some thoughts on cultural markers 93 in a late Neolithic lakeside dwelling from Switzerland Thomas Doppler, Sandra Pichler, Brigitte Röder, Jörg Schibler 5 Copper artefacts of the Mondsee group and their possible 113 sources Carolin Frank and Ernst Pernicka 6 Forging a chronological framework for Scottish crannogs; 139 the radiocarbon and dendrochronological evidence Anne Crone 7 Crannogs as buildings: the evolution of interpretation 169 1882 - 2011 Graeme Cavers Acknowledgments The organisers of the Munro International Seminar would like to thank the Munro Trust, University of Edinburgh; the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Edinburgh; and the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, for providing financial support. Warms thanks are due to the speakers who contributed so much to making the Symposium a success. Thanks for helping to run the event smoothly are due to a number of student volunteers from Archaeology, School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh; and also to Vasilki Koutrafouri, Erin Osborne-Martin and Simon Gilmour from the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Particular thanks are due to the Lubbock family for permission to use in our publicity, and subsequently as the cover for this volume, the image “Lake Village with Blue Mountain” (Lubbock family archive) and to Marie-Louise Kerr, Curator, Bromley Museum Service, for permission to use the image “Lake Village” (Bromley Museum Service). Both images are from the collection of paintings illustrating scenes of life from prehistory, commissioned from Ernest Griset (1844-1907) by the pre-eminent prehistorian Sir John Lubbock (1834-1913). acknowledgments 7 List of contributors Graeme Cavers Magdalena S. Midgley AOC Archaeology Group Archaeology Edgefield Industrial Estate School of History, Classics and Loanhead Archaeology Midlothian EH20 9SY The University of Edinburgh Scotland William Robertson Wing Teviot Place David Clarke Edinburgh EH8 9AG David Clarke Scotland Former Keeper of Antiquities National Museums of Scotland Johannes Müller Edinburgh Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Scotland Christian-Albrechts-Universität D-24118 Kiel Anne Crone Germany AOC Archaeology Group Edgefield Industrial Estate Ernst Pernicka Loanhead Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Midlothian EH20 9SY und Archäologie des Mittelalters, Scotland Universität Tübingen Germany Thomas Doppler Institute for Prehistory and Sandra Pichler Archaeological Science Institute for Prehistory and Basel University Archaeological Science Spalenring 145 Basel University 4055 Basel Spalenring 145 Switzerland 4055 Basel Switzerland Carolin Frank Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Brigitte Röder und Archäologie des Mittelalters, Institute for Prehistory and Universität Tübingen Archaeological Science Germany Basel University Spalenring 145 4055 Basel Switzerland list of contributors 9 Jeff Sanders Jörg Schibler The Society of Antiquaries of Institute for Prehistory and Scotland Archaeological Science National Museums Scotland Basel University Chambers Street Spalenring 145 Edinburgh EH1 1JF 4055 Basel Scotland Switzerland 10 lake dwellings after robert munro List of figures Figure 1.1 Lake Village. 27 Figure 2.1 Robert Munro. 38 Figure 2.2 Munro at Hyndford Crannog. 50 Figure 2.3 Excavations at Ardoch. 51 Figure 3.1 Neolithic and Early Bronze Age wetland 56 settlements in Central Europe. Figure 3.2 Circum-Alpine pile dwellings and wetland 58 sites. Figure 3.3 “House 1” Hunte 1 at the Dümmer. 60 Figure 3.4 Neolithic sites in the Oldenburger Graben, 62 East Holstein. Figure 3.5 The settlement at Oldenburg-Dannau. 63 Figure 3.6 Burial from the settlement at 65 Oldenburg-Dannau. Figure 3.7 Posts in the wet area of Oldenburg-Dannau. 65 Figure 3.8 Human skull from the wet area in 66 Oldenburg-Dannau. Figure 3.9 Middle Neolithic mace head with a decorated 66 wooden shaft from Oldenburg-Dannau. Figure 3.10 The well from the settlement of 67 Oldenburg-Dannau. Figure 3.11 Belau. The opening up of landscape reflected 68 in the record of Lake Belau. Figure 3.12 Sum calibration curves from six regions in the 69 Netherlands to Central Southern Sweden. Figure 3.13 Bad Oldesloe-Wolkenwehe: reconstruction of 70 houses. Figure 3.14 Posts from the old excavation in 1950-52 by 71 Schwabedissen. Figure 3.15 Settlements, single finds, votive deposits and 72 burial places in the Mittlere Travetal. Figure 3.16 The excavation of the Early Bronze Age site 74 Bruszczewo 5. Figure 3.17 Aerial photograph of the excavation. 75 Figure 3.18 Houses in the eastern wet area. 78 Figure 3.19 Details of wooden constructions in the 79 eastern part of Bruszczewo 5. list of figures 11 Figure 3.20 Early Bronze Age wooden artefacts from 80 Bruszczewo. Figure 3.21 The eastern woodworking area. 81 Figure 3.22 The local oak-dendro-curves and single oak- 81 curves from Bruszczewo 5. Figure 3.23 The settlement burial of a young, 82 hardworking man. Figure 3.24 Eastern shore fortification. 83 Figure 3.25 Reconstruction of socio-economic activities 85 and political institutions. Figure 3.26 Diagram of the overall development in 86 Bruszczewo
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