www.archaeologyscotland.org.uk ISSUE 20 SUMMER 2014

Treasures under our feet The of ’s cities

Life and Bronze death Age jet in in Leith Dunragit - tram- works Urban structures & re-use CONTENTS Issue No 20 / Summer 2014 Editor’s Note ISSN 2041-7039 The next issue will be on the theme of Religion and Religious Published by Archaeology Scotland, editorial recent projects Sites. We also welcome articles on more general topics, community Suite 1a, Stuart House, 04 From the Director 19 Recent work by GUARD Archaeology at Eskmills, Station Road, projects, SAM events and research Musselburgh EH21 7PB Cambuskenneth, Dunragit and Yarrowford projects, as well as members’ Tel: 0845 872 3333 letters. Members are particularly Fax: 0845 872 3334 encouraged to send letters, short Email: info@archaeologyscotland. features news articles, photos and opinions org.uk 05 24 relating to Scottish archaeology Scottish Charity SC001723 Brewers and Backlands Glasgow Exhibition; AGM and Members’ Day at any time for inclusion in our 08 25 Company No. 262056 Life and Death in the City Community Heritage Conference; Accord ‘Members’ Section’. 12 Searching for ’s Secrets Project 15 Structures and Urban Archaeology 26 Free Training; 60 Second Interview If you plan to include something Cover picture 28 in the next issue, please contact Excavation of a tanning tank at Scottish Archaeology Month 2014 the Holyrood North site © CFA the editor in advance to discuss Archaeology Ltd requirements, as space is usually at books a premium. We cannot guarantee Editing and typesetting to include a particular article in a Sue Anderson, 30 Reviews: Glasgow - A History; Historic Bute. particular issue, but we will do our Spoilheap Archaeology Recent Publications: The Hirsel Excavations very best to accommodate you! [email protected] 05 High resolution digital images (300 15 dpi+) are preferred for publication. Advertising sales Please include copyright details and Advertisers should contact the a caption. Archaeology Scotland offices in the first instance. Contributions can be sent by post to the Archaeology Scotland offices © Archaeology Scotland or emailed direct to the Editor Copyright for text published in 08 (see opposite) marked ‘ArcScot Archaeology Scotland magazine will contribution’. rest with Archaeology Scotland and the individual contributors. Please send your contributions by 9th October 2014. Views and opinions expressed within Archaeology Scotland magazine are All copy may be edited for reasons not necessarily those of Archaeology of length and clarity. Scotland, its Board or the Editor

A large print version of Find us on the Web Archaeology Scotland is available 19 on request. Please contact the www.archaeologyscotland.org.uk Archaeology Scotland office for further information. twitter.com/ArchScot facebook.com/pages/Archaeology- Scotland/120787415194 12 22

2 – ISSUE 20 SUMMER 2014 – 3 editorial features

ince the last issue of the Brewers and Backlands magazine, we have been out Sand about promoting Scotland’s archaeology and getting on with our r wide range of projects and partnership initiatives.

o The Institute for Archaeologists (IfA) national conference was held

t in Glasgow in April. The Cabinet Secretary, Fiona Hyslop welcomed delegates with a very upbeat speech

c (now available to read on the website http://www.historic- scotland.gov.uk/ifa-conference- speech) in which she stated that The Archaeological Research Excavations at the “profession is highly valued in in Progress Conference (ARP) was Holyrood North, re Scotland because as archaeologists organised by us this year (we take it in you play a key role in identifying turns with the Society of Antiquaries of and investigating, preserving and Scotland to lead on organising). When promoting our heritage which in it’s our turn, we take the conference turn informs our concept of national to different parts of Scotland and this identity”. Such recognition from this year we were in Dundee. We had administration is to be welcomed a lively day of talks and discussion and coincides with the publication on what’s been happening in and of Our Place in Time – the Historic around Perth & Kinross, Tayside, Fife Environment Strategy for Scotland and . The next major Barrel-lined pits, probably part of a medieval tannery © CFA Archaeology Ltd (http://www.scotland.gov.uk/ conference that we are involved in is Resource/0044/00445046.pdf) the Community Heritage Conference FA Archaeology Ltd have recently redeveloped in the 1970s for Edinburgh which we also welcome, and we are in November and a reminder to keep finished extensive excavations at University. Crucially the brewery and the later trying not to refer to it as the yellow the date and think about offering a Cthe site of new university student University development did not succeed in book! Both Jonathan Wordsworth (our talk is being flagged up in this issue. accommodation just off Holyrood Road in destroying all of the earlier remains which Rural Land Use Adviser) and I have Our links and contacts with the Edinburgh. CFA has been working closely survived in pockets across the site. been contributing to discussions and Built Environment Scotland (BEFS) and with the contractors Balfour Beatty since May Once the University buildings were removed workshops on the recently published Scottish Environment LINK continue 2013 to ensure important archaeological Strategy and I am delighted to be part the latest remains of interest were those of to be strong partnerships and indeed remains were fully recorded and recovered the brewery. These consisted mainly of the of the committee providing advice in some of our recent consultation before construction work. The excavation has the development and implementation foundations of the buildings that once formed responses can be seen on the BEFS uncovered a wide range of significant remains of an archaeology strategy for website www.befs.co.uk. It is through a Scotland. which will shed a great deal of light on the BEFS group that the sector is keeping medieval and later history of the area. We have also been doing our a close eye on the progress of the bill One of the most important own strategic reviewing and having to merge RCAHMS and HS and at the The site was located on the corner of St a look into the future and where we next meeting of this group we will hear John’s Road and Holyrood Road and occupied discoveries was the medieval would like Archaeology Scotland to more about the structure of the new what were once the medieval backlands of burgh boundary be in 5 years’ time. Staff and Board body – Historic Environment Scotland. the south-west corner of the historic burgh deliberations have now agreed We are delighted that Ms Hyslop has of Canongate; the burgh got its name from that our new Vision statement is given us an interview for the magazine the Canons of , which was the brewery. In the main these were built of “Archaeology Scotland is the leading about the merger of RCAHMS and established in 1128. The backlands typically mortared sandstone but, because of the level independent charity working to Historic Scotland and what it will mean formed areas to the rear of the houses which of demolition, often only the foundations of inspire communities, amateurs and for archaeology in particular. professionals to discover, explore and would have been used for industrial purposes walls survived, so ascribing functions to most

From the Di enjoy the past.” Our attention will now and later on for gardens. In the 19th and the surviving remains will prove difficult. A turn to re-writing our strategic plan 20th centuries the area was occupied by number of wells also belonging to the brewery which will help us deliver on this vision. Eila Macqueen the Edinburgh & Leith Brewery, before being were identified. Most of these wells were still 4 – ISSUE 20 SUMMER 2014 – 5 features

hairs. Five barrel-lined pits were found and these were also thought to have a function related to tanning or the treatment of hides, as lime and animal hair were identified in one of them. In other places simple pits excavated into the clay were also found to contain lime residues, again suggestive of use in tanning or the treatment of hides. Tanning was a toxic and smelly process so the location of the remains at the far end of the backlands, away from the houses on the Canongate, comes as no surprise. They also lay close to the road which leads from the ‘Cowgate’, named for its cattle markets, from where the animal hides would probably Half-sectioned pits thought to be related to medieval tanning © CFA Archaeology Ltd have been obtained. Overall a wide range of The brewery remains under excavation © CFA Archaeology Ltd medieval and later pottery active and one was over 12m deep, cut into possible bank which would have marked the and exceptionally well the natural bedrock. edge of the medieval Canongate. The ditch preserved animal bone was recovered. The cleaning Below the brewery remains were deep appeared mostly to have silted up naturally but of these finds is underway deposits of mostly homogeneous garden soils. it also contained quantities of ceramics and to allow post-excavation These soils derived from the areas used as animal bone, especially horn cores. In places assessment to take place. gardens and orchards. Map evidence and the surface of the ditch was covered in stones However, it will be some evidence from elsewhere along Holyrood suggesting that when filled up it was wet and time before the analysis and Road indicates that this type of use for the soft and that the area needed firming up to publication is complete. Once backlands probably stretches back as far as allow people to cross it without sinking in to finished, this work should add the 15th century. So it is likely that this form the mud. significantly to our knowledge of land use could have run from then until Other remains mostly related to the of this area and will add to the 19th century when the brewery was built. industrial processes taking place on the site in the information recovered The garden soils contained a rich mix of finds the medieval period. Along the most southerly on the including pottery, animal bone, and in the edge of the site, features associated with excavation and the excavation upper levels clay pipe bowls and stems. This the tanning of animal hides were identified. that was undertaken adjacent mix of finds is probably indicative of manuring. A large stone-lined tanning tank, almost to Ried’s Close, both of which identical to those found on the earlier Scottish Sealed beneath the garden soils were were located further to the Parliament excavations, was identified. This earlier, probably c.12th–14th-century remains. east along Holyrood Road. One of the most important discoveries was had been sealed with clay when it went out the possible remains of the medieval burgh of use creating an anoxic environment which Bruce Glendinning, CFA boundary, surviving as a large ditch and a had preserved leather off-cuts and animal Archaeology Ltd A fully-excavated tanning tank © CFA Archaeology Ltd 6 – ISSUE 20 SUMMER 2014 – 7 features

Life and Death in the City he recent launch of the Edinburgh Trams and presented several challenges, mostly of in summer 2014 was the culmination a logistical and health and safety nature. In Tof a number of years of work, not total, nearly 400 inhumations were recorded, least involving extensive archaeological arranged in closely spaced rows. At one point investigations ranging from documentary this layout may have reflected the alignment research, to a watching brief, to full scale of the adjacent 16th and 17th-century town targeted excavation. The work was undertaken by a team from Headland Archaeology under the supervision of John Lawson for CECAS ...a time when Edinburgh was and TIE. The (then intended) route of the trams took the work right through the centre increasingly being seen as the of the city and down to Leith, the city’s port. This provided glimpses of 1920s tram-lines, premier city of Scotland Victorian basements, urban burials, city walls of Renaissance and Civil War date, and the defences to the east, but some of the graves midden deposits and cobbled streets of the pre-date the construction of the ditch. Most medieval port. Whilst such extensive slices were single inhumations in wooden coffins, through the archaeology of a city might although some were in shrouds, with the be a common opportunity in London, in wrapped bodies having been placed directly in the Scottish capital this is a relatively rare the ground. Group burials were also recorded, occurrence, and one which proved to be very with several bodies placed in irregularly fruitful in expanding our knowledge of the shaped pits, or where two bodies (usually an city. One particular focus was the discovery adult and child) were in a single burial plot. of a 14th to 17th-century urban cemetery in The artefacts found in association with the Leith. As a comparison, a more recent single burials reflect the status of the individuals, excavation in the heart of Edinburgh’s Old with textile remains, a copper belt buckle Town has revealed another graveyard, this and copper loops thought to be part of a time associated with a Dominican Friary, which purse hung from a belt all indicators of the includes a possible familial burial plot of a dress of the traders and sailors of the port. medieval knight. A programme of radiocarbon dating, along The Port of Leith lies about two miles north with artefactual evidence, indicates use of the of the city centre, at the mouth of the Water space as a cemetery spanning several hundred of Leith, on the Firth of Forth. Built on two years (between the 14th and 17th centuries), sides of the Water of Leith, the settlement all of them predating the construction of is first recorded in the 12th century and by Constitution Street around 1790. A large the later medieval period it had developed architectural fragment was also recovered into the premier port in Scotland. It imported from one of the graveyard deposits which has luxury goods like wine, spices and silk, and a thriving dockside community of skippers, mates, fishermen, boat-builders, barrel-makers and dock hands had developed by 1400. Leith’s status was further enhanced when Edinburgh became the capital of Scotland at the end of the 15th century, becoming a prime target in the numerous conflicts of the early modern period. During the 16th century, Leith was twice destroyed, twice fortified and once Edinburgh Trams excavations besieged. During works to divert utilities along the tram route, human remains were found immediately – a slice through the city’s history below the pavement in a cable trench outside South Leith Parish Church. A full excavation of the cemetery lying beneath the modern road would be required. This was no easy prospect South Leith parish church © Headland Archaeology Old High School site © Headland 8 – ISSUE 20 SUMMER 2014 – 9 features

references to a Carmelite Friary nearby in the 1520s, and to its post-Dissolution transformation into a leper hospital in 1591. The knight in the car park: Old High School ore recently, the City of Edinburgh revealed Mits past inhabitants again during works for the new Edinburgh Centre for Carbon Innovation in 2013. The new development lies in the heart of the Old Town, on a site which has previously been the location of a 13th-century Blackfriars Monastery, the 16th-century Old High School and the Old High School knight burial © Headland Archaeology 17th-century Royal High School, before eventually mudstone, rather than the bonded sandstone Final Thoughts being used as the Department which clearly belonged to the 16th-century he comparison between the two social of Archaeology for the construction. This showed that when the High University of Edinburgh. As groups identified through these two urban School was built in 1578, it incorporated investigations in Edinburgh is interesting. part of the works, an area some of the extant portions of the monastic T previously used as a car One (at Blackfriars) reflects the high status buildings. The friary had been destroyed history of the city, of wealthy and powerful park was being cleared to during the Protestant Reformation in 1558 allow the installation of a religious institutions, founded by the King and the foundations of the buildings appear of Scotland and supported by the richest rainwater harvesting tank, one to have been used as the base of the new of a number of low carbon knights of the time. This was at a time when building. Until this point, the exact location of Edinburgh’s importance was rising, and it was measures to create a highly Blackfriars Monastery was unknown. energy efficient, sustainable increasingly being seen as the premier city of building. Associated with the fragmentary remains of Scotland, above Perth or Stirling which had the friary were a number of human burials. previously held the royal court. The cemetery As a result, a fairly large The burials were oriented east–west and in Leith illustrates not only the ‘other’ side of area was opened up for included several children. One notable the city, of lower status individuals and the Tram excavations, Constitution Street © Headland Archaeology excavation, a relatively burial had been covered with an elaborately everyday people caught up in the ongoing infrequent occurrence in been assigned to the 15th Their location beneath decorated sandstone slab dating to the conflicts between Scotland and during this part of the city where 13th or 14th century. The standard of the the 16th and 17th centuries, but also the century. This may indicate the a modern road surface development usually consists presence of a medieval stone- meant that some burials carving and style of the slab are such that the expansion of the city from a relatively small of alteration of existing individual interred beneath it must have been core in the Old Town, focused on the castle, built precursor to the present had been disturbed by the buildings rather than South Leith Parish Church, later insertion of services. a high status individual such as a knight or to one with a thriving industry in imports and construction of new ones. other nobleman. The location of this burial exports. which also would suggest The skeletons were aligned This revealed a number of correspondingly early burials. north-east to south-west, and was within a small walled off area, and other The challenges of excavating in an urban substantial stone walls, with burials were also found in this spot. One Also as part of the fragments of pottery from burials in and around them. environment, of dealing with a working city, the surrounding soil were may be the body of a female and there is the with hundreds of years of disturbance from tram works, a completely The stone walls appeared possibility that this group represents a family unexpected discovery of dated 15th–16th century. A to relate to the original Old infrastructure are more than made up for by stone wall appeared to define plot. Given the high status of one of the discoveries of this standard. human burials was made High School which occupied individuals, it is easy to see a wealthy local at the top of Leith Walk. We the limits of a graveyard. the site from 1578 to 1774, Kirsty Dingwall and Sorina Spanou, Headland Interestingly, there are no family donating generously to the friary and recovered eight adults and but parts of the wall were Archaeology records of a cemetery at this gaining a particularly sacred spot for their two infant skeletons from constructed out of coursed burial plot. nearly 2m below the surface. location. There are, however, 10 – ISSUE 19 SUMMER 2014 – 11 features

Searching for Stirling’s Secrets Gowan Hill suggest that this was carried out It is though that these Just around the corner from by the Roman Military. standing stones are of equivalent age to the Cowane’s House overlooking Randolphfield Old Stirling Bridge is Gowan cairn cemetery, dating to Hill. Prior to its life as a dairy The most recent community approximately 6000–4000 BC, farm in the 1950s this hill excavation was carried out in and would have formed a stone witnessed medieval beheadings June. Here the team of council row pointing in their direction. and a Jacobite army. To the archaeologists, local volunteers The stones themselves also lie Victorians it was a popular and St ’s Primary were along the Roman road and are tourist spot with panoramic investigating two standing traditionally thought to be the views taking in the castle and stones on the lawn of the site where Thomas Randolph the beginning of the Highlands. Central Scotland Police Service Earl of Moray and Robert A recent finding by a local Building. This may at first seem Clifford Lord of Skipton fought metal detectorist of a flint like an odd place to come at the . arrowhead has even pushed the across such ancient monuments It was known that in the past evidence for human activity on but when it is considered one of the stones had likely this site back to the . that just along the road is a been moved when the Victorian Neolithic cairn cemetery as mansions pre-dating the Police However Gowan Hill also well as evidence for Stirling’s plays host to something rather building were constructed. It oldest timber building – likely was later shattered and then out of the ordinary for an urban a Neolithic mortuary structure setting – a prehistoric vitrified put back together after a tractor – things begin to make more drove over it. As to the other hill fort known as Motte Hill. sense! These three features are Vitrification is the process by stone no one knew – so we aligned on a lunar event called decided to find out! which stone is heated to in a ‘great standstill’ which occurs Over three days days, nine excess of 1000 degrees Celsius every 19 year (Douglas Scott, Community archaeology in Scotland’s best preserved medieval city test pits were opened over and literally melts. The most pers comm). likely cause for this is that this Volunteers excavate at the bottom of Randolf Field Standing stone: A tight squeeze! © M. Cook was deliberately set ablaze. But by whom and for itting at the heart of Scotland, the city of taking part in free events. For the last 9 months what reason is unknown. Stirling is probably best known today for its this has been with the help of Fiona Isobel Over three seasons Murray, Sscenery, shopping and university. To visitors Watson, a Community Archaeology Training and now Fiona, have led the most obvious historic relic is the castle, on Placement through the Council for British community excavations with its volcanic perch overlooking the fertile plains Archaeology. local volunteers and students below. This, to say the least, is just the tip of from Stirling University and the archaeological iceberg, as within this urban Cowane’s Garden Forth Valley College on this hill, centre you are never more than a 15 minute walk Tucked just below Stirling Castle on St Mary’s attempting to discover just what from a monument of national significance. Wynd sit the remains of a ruined medieval happened. Radiocarbon dating This should really come as no surprise as tenement house, first occupied in 1544. Now of charcoal found during these Stirling was traditionally Scotland’s capital. As a closed off to the majority of the public, this investigation has shown that result it has been a magnet for major historical building was the birthplace of one of Stirling’s this fort was likely destroyed events and has retained a plethora of medieval largest benefactors, John Cowane. Accessed sometime after cal AD 54–217. and post medieval buildings such as the Kirk of through the property, now owned by the Cowane This fits with the period when the Holyrood, Mar’s Wark, Cowane’s Hospital Trust, is a large walled garden. the Romans were attempting and even the remains of the people who would The local community were interested in to conquer Scotland. Indeed have inhabited these places in the Old Town using this green space and Stirling Council the Roman road lies on the Cemetery. Archaeology alongside the Merkat Cross plains below Gowan Hill and anyone passing along it would Since taking up his post as Archaeology Community Council and the Cowane Trust, with local volunteers and Allan’s Primary School, have been clearly visible from Officer for Stirling Council, Murray Cook has its summit. However, despite been looking for ways to engage the local combined forces to turn this space into a school orchard and community garden. It is hoped that the discovery of a pendant, community with some of their less well known shale bracelet rough out and heritage through walks, talks, exhibitions and in the future the interior of the building can be used as open air performance space. a whetstone, no evidence community excavations, with over 7000 people has emerged from the hill to Cowane’s House Garden © M. Cook 12 – ISSUE 20 SPRING 2014 – 13 features the lawn. Whilst none of these returned any artefacts associated with either the battle or the Find out more Neolithic, some medieval green glazed pottery If you would like to find out more about was recovered. The final pit – opened at the base Archaeology at Stirling Council or want to of the smaller standing stone – proved that it volunteer on any of our future projects please was in a cut that at the very least pre-dated the contact: medieval period and is likely to be in its original Murray Cook: [email protected] position. Fiona Isobel Watson: [email protected] Fiona Isobel Watson and Murray Cook, Stirling Council

Structures and Urban Archaeology

Excavating the Old College Quad at the Univeristy of Edinburgh © Addyman Archaeology rban archaeology presents particular and long-exposed masonry of the rear elevation the peculiar challenges – the challenging structure had obvious complexity and presented Ucircumstances of excavation, often in highly relict features such as chamfered and roll- pressured contractual situations, challenges of moulded surrounds to openings, relieving arches, the three-dimensional nature of such sites where recycled architectural elements, and so on, that below-ground remains can be related to standing spoke of 17th-century or earlier beginnings. structures, and challenges in interpretation and The gradual, controlled dismantling of the presentation. Reflecting on some of the urban building allowed a comprehensive historic projects we have been involved in over the last building survey and an unimpeded window year or two, it is remarkable just how diverse and into its building history. Discoveries were many, unusual the involvements have been. including the remains of a stone turnpike High Street, Jedburgh stair and areas of masonry retained from a predecessor structure, perhaps of 16th- he sad circumstance of the demolition of century date, incorporated into the fabric of a an historic but condemned town property, major rebuilding of the later 17th century. The 29–31 High Street, Jedburgh, presented T latter structure proved to be largely complete, the (hopefully) increasingly rare opportunity preserving all four walls, oak floor structures on to carry out what can only be termed a post- two levels, and the embedded remains of the mortem dissection of the structure. The building original roof structure. The latter retained in situ was unassuming on the street frontage where, batons for thatch and bushel-loads of the cereal Gowan Hill: Students from Stirling University and Forth Valley College get stuck in on the ramparts of a vitrifi ed Hillfort in the heart of as is often the case, render obscured all certain thatch itself. Earlier architectural elements had Stirling © M. Cook knowledge of early origins; however from the been recycled, many dressed stones likely from 14 – ISSUE 20 SUMMER 2014 – 15 features

closes on the north side of extensive ongoing excavation is revealing much Edinburgh’s Canongate. of the building’s history. It incorporates parts of As today, in the 17th century predecessor structures – ranges and boundary the Canongate was less walls extending back along the riggs behind the intensively developed than the frontage properties – and overlies archaeological walled City of Edinburgh, and remains relating to earlier domestic occupation. in that period it attracted the The latter include a large refuse pit containing a aristocratic elite who, wishing wealth of green-glazed reduced ware fabrics and to be close to the court at tobacco pipe fragments – a notable assemblage Holyrood, purchased and tightly datable on account of the overlying walls amalgamated existing burgage built in the early 1690s. plots to erect major residences The roof is a survival of the 17th-century and gardens that ran across structure that preserves framing for dormer the grain of the existing urban windows and negative evidence for the previous fabric. Most notable of these extent of the frontage range of the structure are the early 17th-century – rafter couples bear carpenters’ marks from An early clay pipe from Panmure House © Addyman Archaeology Moray House and the mid and XXIIII through to XXXXIIII – implying a missing 23 between c.1760 and 1824. Functioning as the later 17th-century Queensberry couples. Early cartographic evidence confirms the head gardener’s residence and Regius Keeper’s House, whilst others, such as structure was of T-plan form as opposed to the teaching rooms the so-called ‘cottage’ was ‘Lothian Hut’, are known from L-plan of today. actually a small classical villa-like structure of Composite rear elevation of 29–31 High Street, Jedburgh © Addyman Archaeology records. Following the Union of The main approach to the early mansion three bays and two storeys designed in the early Crowns in 1707, with court and the facades of the predecessor analysis by Dr Coralie Mills house was from the west, via Panmure Close, 1760s by John Adam. Parliament moving away, the structure, but the majority of revealed the majority of datable now the rear of the building. With later level The proposal to re-erect the structure at the area went in to long decline. identifiable stones displaying floor timbers to have a felling reduction the original ground floor windows successor Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh As with many of the earlier early diagonal tooling or date of c.1668, making this are now at first floor on this sude. Truncated (RBGE) at Inverleith occasioned detailed analysis residences Panmure House moulded detail of ecclesiastical the youngest dated oak-built vault arches seen below the windows provide of the remains of the cottage. An initial standing was first tenanted out and character – including tracery structure recorded in Scotland. the only physical evidence for a dramatic feat building survey by GUARD was followed by more thereafter gradually descended elements and a pair of The extraordinary quality of the of engineering construction whereby the steeply intensive study of the dismantled elements, close to what was little better than remarkable carved capitals of timber – very poor, only stripped down-sloping ground of the back-land area was scrutiny of a wealth of original building accounts a slum; in the 19th century c.1200. It is most probable that of its bark, sinuous, barely levelled up upon four huge barrel-vaults to form and early garden plans, and further investigation it was part-demolished and these were salvaged from the worked and including branches, an expansive raised forecourt that permitted of the cottage site. surrounded by a foundry. The nearby abbey, whose expansive may speak of the last stages direct horizontal access from the Canongate significance of the building The archaeological involvement in the project remains served as a vast quarry of exploitation of native oak that was befitting to aristocratic dignity and, was recognised in the mid is closely targeted at identifying information in the century or so following woodland, in this case likely incidentally, paralleled by a similar construction 20th century, as the residence on constructional details and mid 18th- the Reformation. the Jed Forest. Such apparently at Queensberry House. A great balustraded of the Jacobite 4th Earl of surprising survival of important terrace was formed to the north with a sweeping The analysis the structure in Panmure, and later occupied archaeological building staircase that overlooked new formal gardens detail included the ability to by the great political economist remains may be far from laid out across the breadth of four pre-existing extract elements from all areas Adam Smith. Whereas most uncommon in Jedburgh, and burgage plots. – the earlier roofing elements of the surrounding structures indeed in many Scottish burghs, Panmure House is undergoing benign were recovered in toto, the floor were cleared, Panmure House and stands as a salutary lesson refurbishment by The Edinburgh Business structures saw comprehensive was refurbished for use by for what can so easily be lost. School as ‘a hub for learning, debate and dendrochronological sampling the Canongate Boys Club. enlightenment’ and, highly appropriately, will of major sections of timbers However the work was carried Panmure House, also house Adam Smith’s library collection. by chainsaw! Internal finishes Canongate out aggressively, all finishes were unpicked, layer-by-layer, were stripped, floor structures his much truncated and Botanic Cottage, Leith Walk back to masonry, and then the and interior partitions removed, abused structure represents he saga of the identification, recording and masonry itself was unpicked masonry deeply re-pointed the rump of a once dismantling of the mid 18th-century Botanic to reveal that its construction T in cement, and many new gracious late 17th-century Cottage, Edinburgh, will already be well was clay-bonded throughout, slappings made. T up to the original second town residence of the Earls known to some readers. This building occupied In spite of the physical floor eaves level. The dendro of Panmure, now a curious a site on the west side of Leith Walk as part of survivor within the back-land abuse, recent analysis and the Royal Botanic Garden when located there Re-erection proposal for Botanic Cottage © Simpson & Brown 16 – ISSUE 20 SUMMER 2014 – 17 features recent projects

century building practices Online resources that will directly govern the Recent Work by GUARD reconstruction. The latter The Old College app is available at www.luma3di.com/oldcollege/ process, generously supported Information on the Botanic Cottage Project is available at www. by RBGE, the National rbge.org.uk/the-gardens/edinburgh/the-botanic-cottage-project Archaeology Lottery and other partners, and will soon include details on the forthcoming community is conceived as a detailed excavations research-oriented and educational exercise but will nearing the publication stage. then modelled and rendered, ultimately result in the provision Part of the dissemination a process that challenged of a much-needed teaching process included an individual and actually progressed facility within the demonstration commission by the University archaeological knowledge of garden. Following an initial of an ‘app’ that will allow the the site, and involved detailed ground evaluation stage at the three-dimensional exploration consideration of traditional Leith Walk site in late 2013 a of the Old College site through building materials, major community-based open time. The creation of the app, and general appearance of area excavation is planned a collaboration between the the evolving urban fabric for late July 2014, intended University and Luma 3-D appropriate to each period, to complete the record of the Interactive, is pushing the the story of the gradual original building, investigate boundaries of archaeological incorporation of an extramural its footing structures and better interpretation. zone into the expanding elucidate its internal planning. It involved the weaving cityscape. Old College Quadrangle together of quantities of It is hoped to develop the excavation records, visual app further in a number of n 2010 and 2011 Addyman imagery, historic views, early directions, to focus upon the Archaeology carried out written accounts and analyses excavation process, upon Volunteers breaking ground in the shadow of Cambuskenneth Abbey tower © GUARD Archaeology Ltd Icomplete open area of the site to form a detailed individual discoveries (such excavation at Old College chronological sequence for as Professor Joseph Black’s The site of ’s Parliament Quadrangle, the very heart of structures and other features chemistry stores), upon finds the University of Edinburgh, ollowing GUARD Archaeology’s Papal Bulls from Innocent III). The place name such as reconstructed from the site, and upon collaboration with the Centre for means the ‘creek’ or ‘field of Kenneth’, and is for the University. The project topography, a cemetery, individual significant events Battlefield Archaeology Glasgow University traditionally associated with a battle between the has since progressed through F long-lost access routes, and such as the murder on the (CBAGU) and local volunteers in investigating Scots under Kenneth and the – this tradition an elaborate post-excavation boundary systems. These were site of Lord Darnley, King Cambuskenneth Abbey in 2012, we are pleased underpins the location’s position at the heart of programme that is now Consort of Scotland, in 1567. to report some recent post-excavation results the idea of Scottish identity. There were also a number of the work. The work was funded by the Tread The Abbey is one of the few places specifically of unrealised architectural Right Foundation. mentioned in the near contemporary accounts of schemes that might also The project brought archaeologists, historians, the Battle of Bannockburn. It was here that Robert be explored through visual metal detectorists, geophysicists and even a local the Bruce kept his army’s baggage prior to the reconstruction. poet, Elizabeth Rimmer, together with members Battle of Bannockburn, though it is possible of the local community to reveal evidence from that this was also where supplies related to the The intent is to create a the Scottish Wars of independence and later ongoing siege of Stirling Castle by the Scots were versatile, engaging and periods of conflict in and around the abbey and stored (it was to relieve the siege that Edward II challenging interactive tool its environs. A key objective of the project was brought his army to Bannockburn). that can be linked to wider to engage members of the local community in The Abbey was later the location for a series of educational activities, including the project; the professional archaeologists from important parliaments during the rule of Robert I. the National Curriculum, and GUARD Archaeology, led by the author, provided The first of these, in November 1314, saw Robert can be progressively updated to training in a range of archaeological techniques disinherit all the nobles holding lands in Scotland include evolving research into to members of the public and local school who were not present at the parliament; this the understanding of the site groups. included the sons of those who had died fighting and the history of the University. The Abbey was founded by David I in around for Edward II at Bannockburn, while any who The app will be launched in 1140, and was originally known as the Abbey were not present were judged to have declared June 2014. of St Mary of Stirling. However, from at least themselves as Edward’s subjects rather than Tom Addyman, Addyman 1201 onwards it was referred to as the Abbey Robert’s. The Old College app © NTS Archaeology of St Mary of Cambuskenneth (on the basis of The metal-detecting survey covered an area 18 – ISSUE 20 SUMMER 2014 – 19 recent projects

similar patterning is visible at Stirling Castle and Neolithic remains were also jet necklaces to be found in very finely serrated transverse flint Linlithgow Palace. Was this target practice or was found, which may be related to Galloway, indeed the first to be blade the tower caught in cross fire? The musket balls the nearby ceremonial complex found in Scotland in many years. The remains of six Iron are most likely to date from 1650–51, either at Dunragit, previously excavated The Beaker pottery dates to the Age round-houses were also skirmishing relating to Cromwell trying to get past by Manchester University end of the Neolithic or beginning discovered. Known Leslie at Stirling after the Battle of Dunbar, or between 1999 and 2002. This of the period and settlements in Galloway tend part of the assault on Stirling by Monck in August comprised three concentric rings may be linked to the introduction to be enclosed by palisades 1651. The balls varied in size from small shot of of timber posts, which had been of the Beaker Culture from or ramparts and found 5mm diameter to larger shot of approximately preceded by a post-defined Europe into south-west Scotland predominantly on hilltops, higher 15mm. CBAGU also noted that some musket cursus monument. These remains at that time. ground, coastal promontories balls had tapered sprues which suggests they were first spotted through aerial No bone survived in either cist, or lochs, forming defended were attached to powder bags. This would have photography and the only visible but further post-excavation work , hill forts, promontory enabled reloading from horse back suggesting part of this ceremonial complex is expected to include chemical forts or . Unenclosed they were from cavalry or dragoons which could is Droughduil Mote, a prominent tests to tell us whether the bodies settlements of the Iron Age also be indicative of a 17th-century date. Two conical mound to the south of Edward I/II coin, dating to 13/14th century © GUARD Archaeology Ltd were originally present in the tend to comprise single houses, possible cannon shot were also found, as were Dunragit. This was once assumed graves or if these were ritual but the Dunragit settlement is of 17 hectares across the fields to the south and 22 buttons and 3 buckles, yet to be dated. Some to be a medieval motte but the deposits or cenotaphs. These unusual in appearing to be a west of Cambuskenneth Abbey. Over a thousand of these items could well have been dropped by Manchester University excavation cemeteries appear to have been large unenclosed settlement on finds were retained; these included 36 coins, soldiers involved in the Battle of Bannockburn in revealed it to be a Neolithic used over the late 3rd and 2nd low-lying ground. It is only the one of which was provisionally identified as a 1314. mound, perhaps used – like the millennia BC. second such Iron Age village to better known Silbury Hill in south- silver Henry III coin (1251–72) and another was As well as a metal detecting survey, a Two Bronze Age cemeteries be found in Galloway, a previous west England – as a elevated identified as an Edward I/II coin that was minted geophysical survey and the excavation of were also discovered. Twenty one being discovered last year platform in ceremonies, before in London during the late 13th or early 14th targeted test trenches over geophysical cremation burials of likely Bronze on the banks of the Black Loch an Early Bronze Age cairn was century. Either of these coins, but especially the anomalies was undertaken. This revealed Age date were excavated, of Myrton in the Machars. Iron built on its summit. Edward I/II coin could have been in circulation artefacts of potential medieval date, including including three barrows. Finds Age pottery, which is not normally and feasibly lost around the time of the Battle of a piece of carved stone, floor tile fragments The new bypass route was from the excavations here found on Iron Age settlements Bannockburn in 1314, perhaps from booty taken and pottery which may be contemporary with carefully selected to avoid this included several fragmentary urns in Galloway was recovered from from the defeated English army. the Abbey’s 12th and 13th-century beginnings. archaeology and other known and one wholly intact example the Dunragit round-houses, as In addition 44 musket balls, dating to the Investigations also uncovered foundations of the cropmarks, most of which are which contained the cremated well as a Romano-British Iron 17th/18th centuries, some of which were watergate that once stood on the banks of the scheduled monuments. However, remains of an adult. Flint Age brooch and evidence of distorted or partial, were recovered during the Forth, a means of the Abbey controlling access amongst the new archaeological artefacts were also recovered and metalworking. While radiocarbon survey. Dr Iain Banks and Dr Tony Pollard of the from the river at this point. It is not certain when remains discovered during the one of particular interest was a dating has still to be undertaken, CBAGU had observed before the survey that the watergate was constructed but it was depicted removal of topsoil from the A75 the artefacts indicate occupation the stonework of the northern and western walls in ruins on an etching by John Slezer dated Bypass route, were Neolithic of the Abbey Tower carry the distinctive scars 1693. remains perhaps associated with created by the impact of musket balls. These Warren Bailie, GUARD Archaeology Ltd the ceremonial complex. are concentrated around the windows and A Neolithic structure or house was found by the GUARD Discovering the heart of prehistoric Galloway Archaeology team, constructed ver the last couple of years, GUARD discovered in an area of criss-crossing of multiple posts and from Archaeology teams led by Warren Bailie palaeochannels, on the edge of a former which, amongst the flint and and Kevin Mooney, have discovered a estuary which existed here throughout prehistory. pottery artefacts, was found a O leaf-shaped flint arrowhead of range of prehistoric archaeology spanning 7000 Radiocarbon dates recovered from the house years of activity, during excavations undertaken in revealed that this settlement dates to around 6000 Neolithic date. This rectilinear advance of the A75 Dunragit Bypass in Dumfries BC. A perforated stone adze was found on the structure lay on a ridge and Galloway in south-west Scotland. Funded by site, not a common find on sites of this overlooking the lower lying area Transport Scotland and carried out in collaboration period, and which may have been used to work of the Mesolithic site. with Amey and RJ McLeod, the archaeological wood. In excess of 13,500 Mesolithic flint On this same ridge we also remains include the earliest known house in south- and knapping waste were also recovered, indicating recovered two jet necklaces from west Scotland dating to the Mesolithic period, as that this site represents a core focus of Mesolithic two separate stone-lined pits or well as a Neolithic structure, Neolithic/Early Bronze activity in Dumfries and Galloway. The location cists, as well as a beaker and Age stone-lined cists, a Bronze Age cemetery here, on a coastal fringe, was probably deliberately food vessel. The jet necklaces complex and an Iron Age village. chosen by the occupants to exploit readily available are of exceptional quality, made The remains of a Mesolithic house were resources of fish and shellfish seaward and hunting from jet that originated from grounds close at hand in the hinterland. Yorkshire and are the first such Remains of Mesolithic house at Dunragit © GUARD Archaeology Ltd 20 – ISSUE 20 SUMMER 2014 – 21 recent projects

of this settlement around two thousand years ago. It is not certain if the Romans had a specific positive or negative influence on this community but the settlement appears to have been occupied during the Roman occupation in the early centuries AD and a Roman road passes close by. GUARD Archaeology’s post-excavation work on these finds is due to commence soon, but the wealth of unforeseen finds recovered from Dunragit is likely to reveal new insights into prehistoric Scotland from the Mesolithic to the Iron Age Archaeological excavation of the medieval remains at Philiphaugh, and a spindle whorl recovered from the site © GUARD Archaeology Ltd eras, encompassing a range of ceremonial, burial and domestic Philiphaugh or the early medieval settlement areas. As Simon Brassey, of Scottish Water’s structures and activities, and apparent on aerial photographs, but they do specialist engineering environment team, said, revealing the development, suggest a later medieval settlement on the ‘When working in areas of archaeological transformation and demise of site dating from between the 14th and 16th impact and finding artefacts, you are continually a densely occupied prehistoric centuries. surprised what you uncover.’ Dr Chris Bowles, Iron Age round-house © GUARD Archaeology Ltd landscape. As well as the post-excavation analyses of the Archaeology Officer with artefacts recovered from the investigations, the Council, added: ‘This is a significant addition to A lost medieval village in the Scottish Borders archaeological excavations led to documentary our knowledge of where and how people lived research, by Dr Tom Turpie of the University in the medieval Scottish Borders. Our sincere rchaeological investigations undertaken structures at the site. of Stirling, into the history of the area, which thanks go out to Scottish Water and GUARD in the Scottish Borders by GUARD The GUARD Archaeology team also revealed a number of references to tenants and Archaeology for ensuring this important site has AArchaeology, and which have just been recovered a variety of finds, which subsequent dwellings at Philiphaugh in the 16th century and been discovered and understood.’ published, have concluded that the stone walls, post-excavation analyses led by GUARD describes the ‘town’ of Philiphaugh in 1582 with The historical evidence demonstrates that cobbled surfaces and artefacts discovered belong Archaeology’s medieval pottery specialist, a ‘tower, fortalice, manors, gardens, orchards houses and farms were known in this area but to a lost medieval village. Bob Will, revealed were of a predominantly and mills’. This suggests that there was a range it does not identify their location, while the The discoveries were made during a Scottish domestic character. The artefacts included of buildings probably spread over a large area archaeological evidence can provide some Water project to lay a new water pipeline fragments of medieval pottery cooking vessels, along the River Tweed here, only a small sample indication of the location of structures. The site mains on the outskirts of Selkirk. This provided jugs and mugs from Scotland, Germany and of which was revealed by the new water pipeline. and surrounding area is well known for the Battle an opportunity for limited archaeological the Low Countries. A decorated stone spindle These references suggest that there were a of Philiphaugh in 1645. Contemporary accounts investigations where the course of the pipeline whorl, which was used with a wooden spindle number of tenants, each with their own house, refer to ditches, dikes and hedges that indicate crossed the site of the Battle of Philiphaugh, for the spinning of woollen thread, was also garden, outbuildings and fields, some of which field systems, but they do not mention houses fought in 1645, and skirted the edge of a recovered. Other artefacts included stone had been sub-divided between families. or buildings, which could suggest that the farms Scheduled Monument identified from aerial counters, perhaps used for games, a rubbing The archaeological evidence would support or small holdings had been abandoned by that photographs as a possible early medieval stone used for wood or leather working and these descriptions as the structural remains time. These investigations demonstrate that settlement. Over the winter of 2012 and 2013, a whetstone, used for sharpening iron tools. are located over a large area and suggest a there was a thriving farming community in the the GUARD Archaeology team, led by Alan Fired clay fragments were also found indicating dispersed linear settlement along the valley. The immediate area, one that was ‘lost’ in the later Hunter Blair, uncovered the foundations of stone the presence of ovens or wooden structures walls and extensive areas of cobbled surfaces farming improvements that restructured farms built structures, cobbled farmyards and the nearby. Although the bulk of the artefacts were indicate that the buildings were substantial and and fields. foundations of walls, buildings and hearths. recovered from the lower ploughsoil rather than well made. This work was funded by Scottish Water. The Scottish Amongst the artefacts recovered were two sealed archaeological contexts they support a The project demonstrated the archaeological Borders Council Archaeologist and Historic Scotland pivot stones, thought to have been used as medieval date for occupation of this settlement, benefits of limited small scale investigations provided advice during the course of this project. The hinges for the doors of the buildings. Given which was corroborated by charcoal from two where the main parties all work together. report on the archaeological discoveries, ARO11: Battle site and medieval settlement, the enigma of that the stones were found in a stone wall and hearths that yielded radiocarbon dates of cal AD Consulting the Scottish Borders Council as part of cobbling, it is likely that they derived 1472–1645. Yarrowford/Philiphaugh, Selkirk, is now freely available Archaeologist and Historic Scotland throughout to download from Archaeology Reports Online (www. from buildings that had been demolished and None of the artefacts appeared to be the work, Scottish Water Solutions adapted their archaeologyreportsonline.com). the stones re-used as rubble for subsequent connected to either the 17th-century battle of plans to avoid the most sensitive archaeological 22 – ISSUE 20 SUMMER 2014 – 23 news Community Heritage Conference 2014 How Glasgow Flourished, 1714–1837 Call for Speakers, Displays and Contributions new free exhibition on Georgian Glasgow family’s life in the city using the museum, archive e are delighted to announce with friendly, like-minded people” is on at Kelvingrove Art Gallery and or library collections and the city’s family history the call for papers, workshops, “It’s a great reunion, good to see so A Museum until 17 August. How Glasgow centre and relevant societies. Wposter talks and displays many folk you have worked with on Flourished is the first history exhibition to be held Visitors are used to seeing the portrait of John for Scotland’s Community Heritage various projects” in the venue’s temporary exhibition gallery since Glassford and his family at the People’s Palace, Conference 2014. This year the “A fantastic day – much enjoyed” the reopening of the museum in 2006. conference will be held on 8th but will never have seen the wedding portrait Booking for the conference will The exhibition has taken three years to prepare, of his second wife, the portrait of his daughter November 2014 at the Crieff Hydro Hotel, Crieff. A guided walk will also open in early August, but we want to and during this time we developed the title, Jane and his private seal. If you are used to hear from you! If there is something themes, objects and public programme for the how present-day Glasgow is laid out, you’ll be take place on Sunday 9th November. We hope to repeat the success of you would like to see as part of the show through consultations, audience research fascinated by the digital map showing the city’s conference (talk themes or specific and lots of hard work! growth over the period 1714–1837, pinning our previous conferences by offering opportunities for you to contribute workshop), please get in touch by relevant objects, collections and heritage today. The result, we hope, will be a successful and a formal presentation, take part in emailing us at [email protected]. refreshing review of an often overlooked period This show will endorse what you know – but also training workshops, present a poster Keep up to date with all the conference of the city’s history. The exhibition holds around offer some new views and facts to enjoy. talk, showcase your work with a display, news by checking our website (www. 230 objects, some of which have never been Archaeology and heritage feature throughout take part in the ‘one minute madness’ archaeologyscotland.org.uk) or by seen before at the venue, and some of which are the exhibition, as it seeks to link the city’s history or simply come along and enjoy the following us on twitter (@chcscot) new acquisitions, complemented by a few loans with today. Curator of Archaeology Katinka conference! The emphasis, as always, Cara Jones, Archaeology Scotland from British and Scottish institutions and private Dalglish has selected objects from the collections will be on contributions from volunteers Scotland’s Community Heritage Conference families. which emphasise Glasgow’s 18th-century pottery and community groups, and on is organised by a partnership of several There are three themes for the visitor to industry. We look forward to seeing archaeology providing a forum for networking and organisations: Archaeology Scotland, contemplate – Glasgow’s elite businesses, the being included in the digital map, showing the exchange of news and ideas. Some RCAHMS, Northlight Heritage, the Scottish city’s industries and workers. Each contains relevant sites, monuments, and objects from the of our feedback from last year includes Civic Trust, Historic Scotland, Perth and examples of how businesses succeeded, industries exhibition and collection, and in an app which these comments: Kinross Heritage Trust, the SCAPE Trust, the which made Glasgow famous, and the everyday can be downloaded onto a mobile phone. “Really enjoyed spending a weekend National Trust for Scotland and DigIt2015! lives and hopes held by people coming to the city Glasgow had active antiquarians in the 18th to find work. and early 19th centuries. They were members One of the show’s aims is to connect of the Society of Antiquaries and later sought YOUR Heritage in 3D: the ACCORD Project Glaswegians with their city’s history and to establish Glasgow’s own society by the mid rom rock-climbing routes to archaeological records and resources collections. Family histories, archives and rare 1840s. This ultimately led to the famous and historic Glasgow Archaeological Society, still chambered cairns, you can record are not just for everyone, but can books are displayed, which may encourage your heritage in 3D at little or no increasingly be made by everyone. This visitors to discover more about their life or active today. F cost. Groups in Archaeology Scotland’s process is helped enormously by the Adopt-a-Monument scheme are doing accessibility and ubiquity of today’s just this by taking part in an exciting new digital technology, now part of our research project led by the Heritage everyday lives. Archaeology Scotland AGM and Members’ Day Visualisation team at the Digital Design We have already started work in Studio of the Glasgow School of Art. Glendaruel and Colintraive, the 11 October 2014 Together we are working in partnership Glasgow Necropolis and Dumbarton his year we are delighted to announce that with communities across Scotland to co- Rock, with many more projects planned the AGM will be held at the famous World design and co-produce 3D models and over the summer across the length and Heritage Site New Lanark. This restored records of their heritage, using non- breadth of Scotland. Keep an eye on T specialist equipment such as cameras, our blog (accordproject.wordpress. 18th-century cotton mill and village was once smartphones or tablets with easy to home to 2,000 people and only went out of use com), Facebook community, twitter download, free or low cost software. @ACCORD_project, and watch out for in the 1960s. The ACCORD project (Archaeology- one near you! The business of the day will be dealt with in Community Co-production of Research ACCORD is one of eleven projects across the morning followed by topical talks and a tour Data) is bringing the technologies of the UK to be awarded funding from the Arts of the site. There will also be the opportunity 3D modelling and printing out of the and Humanities Research Council’s ‘Digital to explore the spectacular Falls of Clyde on a domain of experts to communities. Transformations in Community Research Co- woodland walk. Put the date in your diary now. By doing so we seek to explore how Production’ programme. Led by the Digital Online booking will be available nearer the forms of community-based social Design Studio of the Glasgow School of Art, the project it is being delivered in partnership time or email [email protected]. value associated with heritage sites are

ARCHAEOLOGY SCOTLAND NEWS SCOTLAND ARCHAEOLOGY addressed and transformed through with the University of Manchester Department New Lanark mills and houses © Sue Anderson engaging with 3D digital technologies. of Archaeology, Archaeology Scotland and ACCORD believes that high quality RCAHMS. 24 – ISSUE 20 SUMMER 2014 – 25 news 60-second Interview FREE TRAINING Fiona Hyslop, Cabinet Secretary ake advantage of free training, advice and networking now available from our Tpartnership project Resourcing Scotland’s Why is a new body needed and what exactly is more central role, contributing context, Heritage to help you or your group maximise HES’s remit? identity and connection in decisions about your fundraising. It is open to all staff, volunteers The creation of a new national body for the the future of Scotland’s communities. and trustees within the heritage sector in historic environment, which sustains the functions One Scottish archaeologist we spoke to said Scotland. Whether you’ve been protecting, of both Historic Scotland (HS) and the Royal there was a perception amongst his peers that conserving and celebrating our natural, built Commission on the Ancient and Historical Historic Scotland had ‘lost its teeth’; that it was and cultural heritage for years, or have just Monuments of Scotland, will ensure their ‘an ineffective body’. Do you understand why been dropped in at the deep end - take a deep long-term effectiveness in the face of current they might think that, and how will HES change reach through regional offices and properties breath and be inspired. With local training from and future challenges. Historic Environment perceptions? which are open as visitor attractions across Scotland, and its staff will travel to where they the experts and support from your peers, you Scotland (HES) will act as a key partner in Historic Scotland tries to work in partnership with need to be, as HS and RCAHMS staff do now. will find everything you need to know about the delivery of the new strategy for Scotland’s others and on a basis of consensus as that is the successful fundraising. historic environment and the shared ambition most effective basis for preserving our historic RCAHMS has an extensive and renowned Forthcoming events include ‘Make it Happen’, for the historic environment which underpins that environment. HS has and continues to play an archive; are you planning on publishing a long- an introductory course focussed on fundraising strategy. important role in the direct management of some term curatorial strategy setting out its future? from private sources. Travel bursaries may be If the new body becomes a registered charity, of Scotland’s finest historic sites, and in relation One of the key aims of these changes is to available on application. what impact will this have on the existing bodies to the planning system in designation, monitoring sustain the functions currently carried out by Dates: such as Archaeology Scotland? by field officers and regulation of the historic RCAHMS. The Bill makes specific provisions for Tuesday 22 July, Old Parish Centre, Cupar, Fife We would not anticipate any adverse impacts on environment. In addition, the Archaeology the collections and HES will be given functions Wednesday 23 July, City Art Centre, Edinburgh other bodies. I will make sure that the new body Programme supports some 60 projects a year to manage its collections as a national resource, Wednesday 30 July, Dower House, Kilmarnock works with others, not against them. across a wide range of activities in Scottish preserve them and make them available to the public. Management of the collections will be Thursday 7 August, Culloden, nr How much of a radical change is the new Our archaeology. covered by a range of policies and strategies Place in Time strategy compared to existing We are more interested in reality than To register your interest in taking part in including an acquisitions and disposals policy, Resourcing Scotland’s Heritage events and policies? perceptions, but the transfer of these functions to HES will provide the opportunity to ensure – and and there have been early discussions with other activities, email [email protected] with your Our Place in Time sets out, for the first time, a collections in Scotland to inform these. contact details. common vision for the historic environment which demonstrate – that maximum public benefit is sits above any one set of organisational priorities being delivered. In relation to planning, HES’s Many of our members are also members Please feel free to pass on this information to role will be more akin to that of other regulators of Historic Scotland. Will their membership your contacts and colleagues. and drives organisations to deliver a common set of outcomes in partnership, placing the value of such as Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH), automatically transfer over to HES and will the historic environment to the people of Scotland providing increased clarity and ensuring that HES this give members free access to the archives Resourcing Scotland’s Heritage is funded by the at its heart. This radical approach aims to ensure is able to fully represent the interests of historic currently held by RCAHMS? Heritage Lottery Fund and is a partnership project lead the historic environment is properly recognised environment in the planning system and engage There are no plans at the moment to change any by Arts & Business Scotland with Archaeology Scotland, as an asset, locally and nationally, in areas effectively with property owners, local authorities of the current member benefits. Built Environment Forum Scotland, greenspace and other stakeholders to deliver positive such as housing, education and employability. Who will head up HES and when will he or she outcomes. scotland and Museums Galleries Scotland. The strategy will seek to ensure that knowledge, start work? understanding and appreciation of the historic Will HES continue to be an ‘executive agency Ensuring that the new body has strong and environment continues to grow and that this of the ’, or will it be run at effective leadership will be crucial to its success © RCAHMS knowledge is made readily available as a means ‘arms-length’ from the government like English and the delivery of the new strategy for Scotland’s of encouraging individuals, communities and Heritage is? historic environment. HES will be managed day decision makers to better understand and enjoy The new body will be a Non Departmental Public to day by a Chief Executive and overseen by a their historic environment, for example: Body (NDPB), again similar to SNH, which will Board. The Chair of the Board will be responsible • By increasing and disseminating knowledge, mean a change in status for Historic Scotland. to Scottish Ministers and through them to the understanding and appreciation of the The move to an NDPB status is appropriate as it Scottish Parliament. Subject to the passage of the historic environment, it will be better aligns more closely with other national cultural current Bill before Parliament, the new body will protected and managed according to both bodies (e.g. NMS) and provides greater clarity formally come into existence in April 2015 and its cultural significance and to its potential to in terms of the accountability of the organisation will take on full powers in October 2015. contribute to the wellbeing of communities. and its relationship to Ministers. The appointment of a chair and Board for the • More knowledge, understanding and Why base HES in Edinburgh? new body will start as soon as the Parliament appreciation should also support the delivery Both bodies are currently headquartered in process will allow. The process of appointing a of better place-making, ensuring that the Edinburgh and there are currently no plans to Chief Executive will be initiated after that. The historic environment plays a stronger and change that. HES will continue to have a national new board will be in place by April 2015. 26 – ISSUE 19 SUMMER 2014 – 27 news Scottish Archaeology Month 2014 t is not long now until Scottish Archaeology anyone who uses it about how they used it and Month (SAM) will be in full swing with a whole what activities they did. Ihost of events happening across Scotland Other archaeology festivals during September. This year our festival will be just one among many competing attractions Given the demand for archaeological events, but our talented event organisers are sure to they could almost run throughout the year which provide top quality archaeological and heritage is exactly what will happen with DigIt! 2015 experiences and our visitor numbers are on the jointly organized by The Society of Antiquaries for rise again. Scotland and Archaeology Scotland. The recently launched Dig It! 2015 website is worth a look An increasing number of visitors to our events digit2015.com Follow us on twitter @ScotMonth are tourists, some travel specifically to see the and @DigIt2015 archaeology of Scotland and are delighted to discover events so close to where they were European Heritage Days staying. To encourage everyone to capture It is always great to catch up with my Euro their own special archaeology moment, we are counterparts. Although we have our work cut running a competition this year… out, some hours are dedicated to appreciating the local culture, usually museums and Photographic Competition restaurants. The new Byzantine museum in Each event registered in this year’s SAM will be Athens was stunning as was the Acropolis entered into a competition with all photographs museum both of which you need to visit to uploaded competing to win a spot on our 2015 appreciate. We worked in the futuristic offices calendar. With SAM events expected to reach of Microsoft in Brussels, but were still able to 500 this year, the competition will be tough. The see the 19th-century shopping arcade Galeries calendars will be available from early November Royales Saint-Hubert – heaven! but you can place your order for one now, just Scottish Archaeology Month and Doors visit our website to view the offer. The public can Open Days traditionally follow the government also take part and details will be published at set themes and this year it is the Year of this link: www.archaeologyscotland.org.uk/our- Homecoming. Next year will be the Year of Food projects/scottish-archaeology-month and Drink but SAM will be a key component Working with Partners of Dig It! 2015 and there is scope for further Partner development has been stepped up linkages and publicity with the official year to encourage more support for SAM events; Year of Innovation, Architecture & Design in preliminary talks have taken place with Voluntary 2016 and the Year of History, Heritage and Action North Lanarkshire, Alzheimer Scotland, Archaeology in 2017. There is yet scope to Historic Scotland Rangers, YoungScot, Edinburgh include some of the other themes in order Fringe, Paths for All and several local libraries to facilitate cross-border collaboration with and schools. We appreciate that some groups other EU countries – European Heritage Days need more support than others but we are 2014 will adopt the theme ‘Living our cultural committed to reaching new audiences through landscapes’ and will promote those aspects the expansion of SAM. New event types are of cultural landscapes that have a European on the horizon thanks also to the network of dimension. We are able to do so much more European Heritage Day National Co-ordinators with SAM thanks to our sponsors and partners: and their openness to sharing ideas. We plan to Historic Scotland; Scotland’s DNA; Towergate add see both tangible and intangible heritage Insurance; Lorraine Graham Flowers and The celebrated as part of SAM. Year of Homecoming Scotland 2014. Website Lesley McEwan, Scottish Archaeology Month Registration is now open to those wishing to Co-ordinator register to add their SAM event. This year, we are creating a new resource pack with ideas Supported by for anyone who works with young people, such as teachers and youth leaders. The activities will be designed to help these groups explore archaeology and to engage with the subject in new ways. As this is the first year that we are producing this pack, we would love to hear from 28 – ISSUE 20 SUMMER 2014 – 29 books

Glasgow - A History Historic Bute: Land and his profusely illustrated renewed archaeological and Michael Meighan, 2013. they are not history. It is rather volume (in black-and-white historical interest over the last People Hardback, 208 pages, 120 obvious that topics of interest and colour) is the latest few years, and this welcome Anna Ritchie (ed.), 2012. illustrations T to the author get much fuller in the series of conference volume complements the Paperback, 162 pages. ISBN 9781445618869. treatment than others. Football proceedings published by the recent publications on the ISBN 0-9535226-4-4. Amberley Publishing, £20. runs to nearly 12 pages, Scottish Society for Northern island prepared by both the opera and ballet get 13 lines. The Scottish Society for Northern Studies, and records a number Bute Landscape Partnership Studies, £12.95. Many other topics are very of papers given at the Society’s and the Royal Commission he title of this book sketchily treated except for conference held on Bute in on the Ancient and Historical is unfortunate; it has recent times. And one must 2010. Monuments of Scotland. from the early medieval and considerable merit as a have doubts about a history T The volume comprises eleven Viking periods through the High native Glaswegian’s thoughts which has no index and no chapters,c each written by an Middle Ages to more modern on his native city but not as references. experte author, exploring a times but also confirms the straight history. The narrative If you ignore the title, widew range of environmental, important place of occupied by structure is not clear. It starts however, and take the book on archaeological,a historical Bute in the history of the Clyde off chronologically but then as a kind of memoir of the anda folkloric subjects relating waterway and of Scotland as a loses the time-line in dealing pp.22 and 77, author’s experiences and and pp.120 and 121. Spelling toto Bute and beyond. The whole. with a number of topics which memories it becomes an essayse span the period from overlap both the chronology errors are uncorrected – The Society for Northern interesting read. He has a ‘stationery’ for ‘stationary’ theth first millennium AD to the Studies is to be complimented and each other. Frequently good informal writing style agriculturala improvements of the the author is side-tracked by (p.39), ‘Moseley’ (p.98), on continuing to publish and has a great many stories ‘Anderstonian’ (p.108) etc. eighteenthe century and include the proceedings of their snippets of information which which will be interesting detailedd studies of landscapes are interesting in themselves There are inaccuracies and conferences, thus making even beyond the confines of anda artefacts, as well as more available to all those not able to but irrelevant to the context in omissions. The Grosvenor Glasgow. He works hard to generalg topics embracing the attend the lectures the research hand. For example in a section fire did not happen in the 60s correct some of the fallacies westw of Scotland. undertaken by scholars, dealing with great Glasgow (p.86), Strathclyde University which have afflicted the city. is not the second oldest This collection of essays, whose work is focused by the grocers, two paragraphs of The slums, for example; yes skillfullys edited by Anna Ritchie, conferences on specific areas of the Tommy Lipton story are in Scotland even counting they existed but they were Anderson’s Institution (p.109) addsa an extra dimension to the Scotland and which is relevant devoted to his founding the not as universal as is often morem recent publications by and accessible to an academic world cup. He founds it again and Robin Hall and Jimmy AfAfterter a periodperiod ofof relativerelative claimed. On culture, he MacGregor were not the first providing not only a detailed as well as more popular in the section on sport. makes the very valid point neglect, the Isle of Bute has context for many aspects of the audiences. folk singers on the Tonight been the subject of flurry of The tone of the book is that before the peripheral programme; Rory and Alex history and archaeology of Bute Review by Jack Stevenson not consistent. It is generally housing schemes removed McEwan were before them formal English but includes many citizens both physically (p.136). The photographs occasional Scotticisms and and financially from theatres, mentioned on p.38 are some puns for no obvious cinemas, concert halls and the missing. The school leaving JUST PUBLISHEDD reason. The author seems Mitchell Library, people could age was raised to 15 in 1947 unsure of his audience – and did enjoy a full life of the and the mansion in Royal The Hirsel Excavations feeling the need to explain ‘A mind. Sometimes, of course, Exchange Square which is Clockwork Orange’, or the he is perverse; I’ve used the now GOMA was Stirling’s Rosemary Cramp, 2014. A4 Paperback, 359 pp. word ‘Pedagogy’ for example. underground railway at least Library for 42 years. Some ISBN 978-1-909662-35-3. He also introduces personal as long as he has and I’ve expressions are unclear and The Scottish Society for Medieval Archaeology memories (playing at the always called it the subway. should have been redrafted Monograph 36, £30. Monkland canal) which are The author has been very for example “His Kelvin was irrelevant to the history. In badly served by his publisher. a worthy car but only 15 This long-awaited volume comprises a study of the absence of facts about The book is copiously were built around 1904 to a rural church and community in the Borders. St Mungo he tries to define illustrated but the black- become extremely successful This was one of the largest and most completely the myths as allegory or as and-white photographs are as the British fishing fleet was excavated cemeteries of its type until very containing a kernel of truth too dark to see the features installing engines” (p.59). On recently. The volume includes reports on the because they were believed mentioned in the captions. p.25 it is not made clear that churches which occupied the site through the to be true in early times. The Proper proof-reading should George Washington Wilson medieval period, as well as covering earlier and stories are well-known and have corrected a slew of was the photographer not the later discoveries on the site, all the artefactual evidence, and the report on the human skeletal have influenced Glasgow life, errors. Almost identical architect. as in the Coat of Arms, but remains of over 300 individuals. paragraphs have been reused Review by Carole Primrose. 30 – ISSUE 19 SPRING 2014 – 31 Dig into your DNA Begin your genetic journey Uncover your hidden story and links to a past today beyond archaeology and written record. Advances in DNA are changing the way we understand our history. Hidden in our genes are the stories of our ancient ancestors, where they originated and their epic journeys to settle in Scotland. The genetic origins of Scots and those of Scots descent are very diverse and can be very surprising. Could you be descended from the Norse Vikings, the mysterious Picts, or even the Royal Stewarts? Or do you belong to one of the other groups that make up the fascinating story of the Scots?

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