L'influence De La Culture Catholique Sur Les Œuvres D'alfred Hitchcock Et De Pedro Almodóvar

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L'influence De La Culture Catholique Sur Les Œuvres D'alfred Hitchcock Et De Pedro Almodóvar L’influence de la culture catholique sur les œuvres d’Alfred Hitchcock et de Pedro Almodóvar Merve Sehirli Nasir To cite this version: Merve Sehirli Nasir. L’influence de la culture catholique sur les œuvres d’Alfred Hitchcock etde Pedro Almodóvar. Art et histoire de l’art. Université Jean Moulin (Lyon III), 2020. Français. NNT : 2020LYSE3011. tel-03146845v2 HAL Id: tel-03146845 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03146845v2 Submitted on 12 Apr 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. N°d’ordre NNT : 2020LYSE3011 THÈSE de DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE LYON opérée au sein de L’Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3 Ecole Doctorale N° 484 Lettres, Langues, Linguistique et Arts Discipline de doctorat : Arts, cultures médiatiques et communication Soutenue publiquement le 18/02/2020, par : Merve SEHIRLI NASIR L'influence de la culture catholique sur les œuvres d'Alfred Hitchcock et de Pedro Almodóvar Devant le jury composé de : BARNIER Martin Professeur des universités, Université Lumière - Lyon 2, Président LE CORFF Isabelle Professeure des universités, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rapporteure KERFA Sonia Professeure des universités, Université Grenoble Alpes, Rapporteure ESQUENAZI Jean-Pierre, Professeur émérite, Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3, Directeur de thèse N°d’ordre NNT : 2020LYSE3011 THÈSE de DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE LYON opérée au sein de L’Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3 Ecole Doctorale N° 484 Lettres, Langues, Linguistique et Arts Discipline de doctorat : Arts, cultures médiatiques et communication Soutenue publiquement le 18/02/2020, par : Merve SEHIRLI NASIR L'influence de la culture catholique sur les œuvres d'Alfred Hitchcock et de Pedro Almodóvar Devant le jury composé de : BARNIER Martin, Professeur des universités, Université Lumière - Lyon 2, Président LE CORFF Isabelle, Professeure des universités, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rapporteure KERFA Sonia, Professeure des universités, Université Grenoble Alpes, Rapporteure ESQUENAZI Jean-Pierre, Professeur émérite, Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3, Directeur de thèse REMERCIEMENTS Je remercie, tout d’abord, mon directeur de thèse, Monsieur le Professeur Jean-Pierre Esquenazi pour ses conseils et ses encouragements qui m’ont permis d’effectuer ce travail, pour m’avoir accordé son temps et m’avoir soutenu malgré mes difficultés. Je remercie Madame la Professeure Sonia Kerfa et Madame la Professeure Isabelle Le Corff pour avoir pris le temps d’apporter leurs regards d’expertes sur ce travail. Je remercie également Monsieur le Professeur Martin Barnier pour l’intérêt porté à ce travail et pour avoir participé à mon jury de thèse. Ensuite, je voudrais remercier Monsieur le Professeur Gilles Bonnet, Monsieur le Maître de Conférences Christian Cote, Monsieur le Professseur Jérôme Thélot et Madame Frederique Lozanorios pour toutes leurs aides. Je remercie infiniment Madame la Maître de Conférences Catherine Dessinges pour ses aides précieuses. Mes remerciements vont à ma famille, surtout à ma mère Nermin Sehirli et à mon oncle Prof Emin Gurses pour leur grand soutien. Ainsi, je voudrais infiniment remercier Madame Chantal Klein et Monsieur Jean-Luc Klein, qui m’ont gentiment accueillie lors de mes séjours à Lyon. Mes remerciements vont aussi à Madame Anne Beliaeff et Monsieur Pierre Beliaeff pour leur soutien. Je remercie mon amie, Dr Pinar Peker, pour son encouragement et pour son accompagnement lors de mes séjours à Lyon. Je remercie infiniment nos amis, Nicolas Moreau et Dr Laure Joly qui m’ont consacré leurs précieux temps pour relire mon manuscrit très méticuleusement et soigneusement. Mes remerciements vont également à Françoise Besson et son époux, ainsi qu’à la famille Aknin ; surtout à Ethel et à Jordan. Je remercie également ma belle-mère, Nurgun Nasir et mon beau-père Muzaffer Nasir pour leur soutien sans faille et leurs encouragements. Je remercie surtout mon époux, Dr Mehmet Nail Nasir, qui m’a soutenu depuis le début du projet et pendant tous les moments difficiles avec tout son cœur et qui n’a jamais cessé de me croire. Je voudrais lui dédier ce travail. RÉSUMÉ La notion d’habitus représente un ensemble complexe et stable qui influence, d’une manière profonde, les actes, les attitudes, les jugements et les œuvres. L’objectif de notre recherche est d’éclaircir les effets de l’habitus catholique dans les œuvres d’Alfred Hitchcock et de Pedro Almodóvar, deux réalisateurs de cinéma qui sont d’époques et de cultures différentes, mais qui sont nés et ont grandi au sein de familles catholiques pratiquantes et qui ont eu une éducation caractérisée comme étant strictement religieuse. L’iconologie ou la science des images présuppose que la création d’une œuvre d’art dépend de plusieurs facteurs qui associent à la fois l’éducation familiale et scolaire de son créateur ainsi que sa classe sociale et les conditions de l’époque où la création est réalisée. Dans ce contexte, nous nous servons de la méthode d’analyse en trois étapes (Analyses Pré Iconographique-Iconographique-Iconologique) développée par Panofsky qui montre efficacement la corrélation entre la création et la vision du monde du créateur (Weltanschauung). Cette vision manipule les choix et les intérêts artistiques (Kunstwollen). Dans la première partie de notre thèse, nous définissons la notion d’habitus et analysons les biographies des artistes. La deuxième partie traite l’analyse des thèmes omniprésents appartenant à la religion catholique. Nous finalisons notre thèse en analysant trois films de chacun des deux réalisateurs en se basant sur les thèmes catholiques pour comprendre les intentions des cinéastes en créant ses œuvres (Vertigo, The Wrong Man, Marnie d’Hitchcock et Matador, Carne Tremula, Julieta d’Almodóvar) ainsi que leurs choix volontaires et instinctifs. Mots-clés : Habitus, Catholicisme, Analyses iconologiques, Éducation religieuse, Analyses cinématographiques ABSTRACT The notion of habitus represents a complex and stable whole that profoundly influences acts, attitudes, judgements and works. The objective of our research is to clarify the effects of the Catholic habitus in the works of Alfred Hitchcock and Pedro Almodóvar, two film directors who are from different periods and cultures, but who were born and raised in practicing Catholic families and who have had an education characterized as strictly religious. Iconology or the science of images presupposes that the creation of a work of art depends on several factors that combine both the family and school education of its creator as well as his social class and the conditions of the time when the creation is realized. In this context, we use the three-step analysis method (Pre-Iconographic-Iconographic- Iconographic-Iconological Analysis) developed by Panofsky that effectively shows the correlation between creation and the creator's world view (Weltanschauung). This vision manipulates artistic choices and interests (Kunstwollen). In the first part of our thesis, we define the notion of habitus and analyse the biographies of the artists. The second part deals with the analysis of the omnipresent themes belonging to the Catholic religion. We finalize our thesis by analysing three films by each of the two directors based on Catholic themes to understand the intentions of the filmmakers in creating his works (Hitchcock’s Vertigo, The Wrong Man, Marnie and Almodóvar’s Matador, Carne Tremula, Julieta) as well as their voluntary and instinctive choices. Keywords: Habitus, Catholicism, Iconological Analyses, Religious Education, Film Analyses « On one occasion in Switzerland recently he surprised his companion in the car by suddenly saying “That is the most frightening sight I have ever seen”, and pointing to a little boy walking past with a priest who had his hand on his shoulder and was talking very seriously to him. Hitch leaned out of the car and call, “RUN, LITTLE BOY, RUN FOR YOUR LIFE. » Extrait du livre Hitch:The Life and The Times of Alfred Hitchcock de John RUSSEL TAYLOR. « La religión es elemento que está estrechamente vinculado a la cultura española y, aunque los jóvenes nos preocupemos mucho menos por ello, lo cierto es que está ahí. Aunque yo no sea practicante, ni me sienta católico, en el fondo está presente en mi vidala.» La religion est l'élément qui est étroitement liée à la culture espagnole et, bien que les jeunes s'inquiètent beaucoup moins pour elle, le fait est qu'elle est là. Même si, je ne pratique pas et je ne me sens pas catholique, dans le fond elle est présente dans ma vie. Extrait du livre Pedro Almodóvar d’Antonio HOLGUIN. TABLE DES MATIERES TABLE DES MATIÈRES .................................................................................... 11 INTRODUCTION GÉNÉRALE ................................................................................ 15 1. NATURE DU SUJET ET DE LA PROBLEMATIQUE ........................................................................................... 16 2. LA POLITIQUE DES AUTEURS ................................................................................................................
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