Toxicity of the Macerated of White and Purple Jurubeba Flowers About Bees Apismelliferas in Sertao Paraibano - Brazil

Toxicity of the macerated of white and purple jurubeba flowers about bees Apismelliferas in sertao paraibano - Brazil 1 2 2 Allan Martins Ferreira Aline Carla de Medeiros , Jussara Silva Dantas ,Rosy 4 3 1 Carina de Araujo Ventura Andre Japiassu , Edmara da Nóbrega Xavier Martins 2 HOW TO CITE THIS PAPER and Patricio Borges Maracaja 1 M Sc.. pelo PPGSA/CCTA/UFCG – Pombal – PB - BRAZIL ALLAN MARTINS FERREIRA1 [email protected], [email protected]. ALINE CARLA DE MEDEIROS2, 2 D. Sc. Professores PPGSA/CCTA/UFCG – Pombal – PB - BRAZIL JUSSARA SILVA DANTAS2,ROSY [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 4 3 CARINA DE ARAUJO VENTURA CCTA/UFCG– Pombal – PB - BRAZIL E-mail: [email protected] 3 4 ANDRE JAPIASSU , EDMARA DA PPGSA/CCTA/UFCG– Pombal – PB - BRAZIL E-mail: [email protected] 1 NÓBREGA XAVIER MARTINS AND ABSTRACT PATRICIO BORGES MARACAJA2 There are secondary components of the nectar or the pollen in some vegetal species, to can V.. 2. N. 1, 27-35. (2019) be toxics or repellentsfor their pollinators. Thus, this work had for objective to study the Toxicity of the macerated of effects from toxicity of differents concentrationsof macerated flowers of white and purple jurubeba purpleJurubebaandwhite Jurubeba, as feeding of Africanized bees in a controlled environment.Therefore, wererealizedbioassays at the Laboratory of Entomology of the flowers about bees Apismelliferas Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus ofPombal.It was used dried and crushed in sertao paraibano - Brazil flowers of the Chamber and leaddy. The powder of the flowers was weighed in three different Received: Jun 12, 2019 fractions (0,25%, 0,50% e 1,0%) and added to the candyandwater. The newly emerged Accepted: Dez 20, 2019 workers were distributed togetherof 20 insects for wood boxmeasuring 11cm in length by Published: Dez 1, 2019 Copyright 11cm in width and 7cm in height, in three replicates and control, making up 12 boxes and 240 © 2019 by authors and Scientific worker bees, were packaged in B. O. D with temperature adjusted to 32º C andhumidity of 70 Research Publishing Inc. This %. The control group received only candy and water. In view of the results obtained with the work is licensed under the research, observed that the bees of the control remained alive until the 25 days reaching a Creative Commons Attribution statistical average of 20 days and for those treated with 0,25%, 0,50% e 1,0% respectively, presented mortality in the 20th, 18th e 13th day for bees fed with Solanum paniculatum L.For International License (CC BY bees fed Solanum albidum Dun, observed that the bees of the control remain alive up to the 4.0). 21 days reaching a statistical average of 18 days and for those treated with 0,25%, 0,50% and http://creativecommons.org/licens 1,0% respectively, presented mortality in the 17th, 13th e 12th day.The data analysis showed es/by/4.0/ Open Ac statistically significant differences between treatments and control, suggesting the toxic effect of the macerate obtained from Solanum paniculatum LandSolanum albidum Dunfor Africanized bees workersApismellifera. Thus, can be concluded with the accomplishment of this work that:The bees control remained alive until the 25thand 21th dayrespectively, by treatments with Solanum paniculatum L.andSolanum albidum Dun; The treated beeswith the concentrations 0,25%, 0,50% and 1,0% of macerated flowers Solanum paniculatum L, respectively, presented mortality to the 20th, 18thand 13thday; The treated bees with the concentrations 0,25%, 0,50% and 1,0% of macerated flowers Solanum albidum Dun, respectively, presented mortality to the 17th, 13thand 12th day; Flowers of Solanum paniculatum L. andSolanum albidum Dunpresented toxicity to Apismelíferaunder controlled ambient conditions Key Words Pollinators, Toxicity, Caatinga Flowers... Journal of Agroindustry Sistems ISSN: 2674-7464 GVAA (2019) V.2. N.1. pp 27 - 35 Toxicity of the macerated of white and purple jurubeba flowers about bees Apismelliferas in sertao paraibano - Brazil intermittent fevers, as well as culinary uses.It is also INTRODUCTION considered an invasive plant, which occupies the most varied types of soil, with the capacity for rapid colonization of open environments (including by The nectar andpollenpresentin the anthropic action) (GONÇALVES et al., 2016). flowersconstitute basically the only source of bee’s food, The purple Jurubeba belongs to the Solanaceae being that the nectar is an importantpower supplier, family. In Brazil, the specie is popularly known as containing sucrose, fructose and glucose,while pollen is a jurubeba, truejurubeba, jubeba, juripeba, jurupeba, rich and concentrated source of protein and minerals. juripiba, jurubebinha, jupeba, juvena, juina, Thus, in the wild, bees visit the flowers in search of food junaandjuuina. Native to Brazil, the species is found in to meet their nutritional needs (ALMEIDA et al., 2003). major proportions in the North (Para) and Northeast Northeastern flora offers several resources for regions (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceara) (BRAZIL et al., 2018). bees, such as resin, nectar and pollen, which are used as In addition to the purple, there is a specie food. These, in turn, receive transformations that generally denominatedSolanum albidumDun.,weel - originate products indispensable to the survival of these knownpopularly as white jurubeba. The two species animals (PIRES et al., 2009). belong to family Solanaceae and to the Solanum genus, According Pereira et al. (2004), the flowered play but is important to differentiate the two species in view of a very important role for the maintenance of the colonies the fact that they may have different characteristics. and the production of the bees. This production can be The white jurubeba is a native plant of the compromised due to the risk of toxic effects that some Southern Region of Brazil, occurring also in the countries plants may exert on them.In someregions of the country, of the Prata Basin.Common in Rio Grande doSul, bees can find plants that cause the death of the offspring especially in Central Depression.It is a perennial plant, and adult bees. These bugs can bepoisoned by pollen or reproduced by seed, its flowering occurs from the end of nectar, secretion of extrafloralnectars, and sap, of high winter until the following autumn, in a determined period, toxic content present in plants.Detzeland Wink (1993) variable from region to region. The fruits develop slowly. reports that plants that poison bees often produce little The plant occurs in clearings and edges of forests, in nectar or pollen. The big number of plants big species banks of plains and other places not flooded. Accepts contains phenolic components, alkaloids, coumarins, different types of soil, with preference for places with saponins and amino acids non-protein which are common good humidity (NETTO et al., 2016). in nectar, but may also make them toxic or repellent in the It is a shrub, erect, with up to 1,5m in face of some animals, betweenbees. height.Cylindrical stem, green on young plants and The plants, with evolution, present different greyish-green on older plants.Leaves single, isolated, strategies of self-protection and defenses, among them, the petiolate, and quite variable in shape and production of chemical substances called secondary configuration,resembling the leaves of Solanum metabolites. These substances exert an essential function variabile(NETTO et al., 2016). for the maintenance of plant life, also acting in defense of Considering the importance of bees as pollinators plants (BRANDÃO et al., 2010). of plants and for the production chain of several Once toxic, plants can cause the death of adult products,there is a need to protect them, mainly bees, interfering in the development of the colony, which Apismellifera L.in cultivation systems, so that they are not can lead these insects to extinction, causing an intoxicated by the food itself. environmental impact, because of their importance to the Thus, it is observed that some species of plants natural ecosystems.Besides involving in the productive may present themselves harmful to these beneficial process of agrosystems, many beekeepers are also harmed, insects. It is important to analyze possible plants with since these insects are responsible for the production of toxic potential, which directly contribute to the reduction honey, wax, royal jelly and propolis(WIESE, 2005). of the survival of working bee Apismellifera. In Brazil, The genderhas more than 1700 species, being research on the impact of plants such as Solanum well represented in tropical America, including Brazil.In paniculatum L. and Solanum albidum the floral and reproductive biology of species of the genus Dun.onApismellifera L. bees are scarce, making it are common characters the pollination by bees, the necessary to study the potential toxicity of these porcine dehiscence of the anthers and the predominance of organisms. alogamy.The removal of pollen from porcine anthers Against this backdrop of scarcity of information requires special behavior of the bees, the pollination of regarding the toxicity of flower maceration of these plants these flowers being called a vibration pollination to bees, this study aimed to study the effects of toxicity of (ROCHA et al., 2018). different concentrations of macerated flowers of purple Solanum paniculatum L.,commonly known as Jurubeba and white Jurubeba, as feed for workmen of purple Jurubeba, occurs throughout tropical America. It is Africanized

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