Shipping 201

Our mission is to be the leading Shipping 101: The Business of Shipping provider of information. Sept/Oct 2021 The objective for the Shipping Shipping 201: The Movement of a Ship Shipping 201 Educational Series is to February 2021 summarize various sectors The Movement of a Ship within the Columbia River Shipping 202: The Movement of Cargo maritime transportation system April 2021 and provide information Session 4 regarding what these sectors do and how they relate to our Wednesday, Feb 24 local/marine transportation 10:00 am - 12:00 pm system. Educational Series

Agenda

SESSION 1 WEDNESDAY, February 3 SESSION 3 WEDNESDAY, February 17

10:00 – 10:05 Registration and Welcome Mary Wiley, Merchants Exchange 10:00 – 10:05 Registration and Welcome Mary Wiley, Merchants Exchange 10:05– 10:25 What is an Agent?

10:05 – 10:50 What types of vessels come to the Columbia River 10:25 – 10:40 What does an Agent do?

10:50 – 11:20 What types of tugs and barges 10:50 – 11:20 What role does maritime travel the Columbia River law and insurance play? 11:20 – 11:30 Questions and Answers 11:20 11:30 Questions & Answers SESSION 4 WEDNESDAY, February 24 SESSION 2 WEDNESDAY, February 10 10:00 – 10:05 Registration and Welcome Mary Wiley, Merchants Exchange

10:00 – 10:05 Registration and Welcome Mary Wiley, Merchants Exchange 10:05 – 10:45 What are regulators Shipping 201: Mary Wiley responsibilities? USCG What are regulators 10:05 – 10:50 What do River Pilots do? responsibilities? Washington What are regulators WELCOME 10:50 – 11:20 What do Bar Pilots do? responsibilities? Oregon 10:45 – 11:10 What are regulators 11:20 – 11:30 Questions and Answers responsibilities? MFSA 11:10 – 11:30 Questions and Answers 4 Welcome

1 Welcome Questions & Answers

Student Resource Page: https://www.pdxmex.com/shipping-201-student-resources/ Attendees ** Please note the dashboard on the right side of your screen.

Submit your questions

Coast Guard Authorities (COTP) Administers the Port Safety & Security, and Marine Environmental Protection programs. Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI) Administers the Marine Inspection, Marine Licensing, and Marine Investigations programs. Federal On-Scene Coordinator (FOSC) Administers the federal response to discharges and substantial threats of discharges of oil and releases of hazardous material. Federal Maritime Security Coordinator (FMSC) U.S. Responsible to oversee the direct and necessary activities of maintaining security within “ROLE ON COLUMBIA RIVER” our ports.

8 U.S.C.G : Roles & Responsibilities

2 U.S. Coast Guard History of Coast Guard Authorities Sector Columbia River 1838 - Steam Boat Inspection Service (SBIS) Headquartered in Warrenton, Oregon 1884 - Bureau of Navigation and Steam Boat Inspection (Under Treasury Dept) (Command Center, Response, Prevention, Logistics) 1916 - Black Tom Explosion led to Espionage Act 1932 - SS MUENCHEN explosion & Cunard Pier Fire led to Dangerous Cargo Act 1940 1934 - S/S MORRO CASTLE Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation (BMIN) Marine Safety Unit in Portland, OR 1936 - Merchant Mariner Licensing (Prevention Dept) 1942 - During WWII BMIN transferred to USCG 1947 - Texas City Explosion Waterways 1950’s - Red Scare (Magnuson Act) Incident Management Inspection Investigation Management / Facilities Division Division 1989 - Exxon Valdez (OPA ’90) (Response) Division 2001 - Sept 11th (MTSA) 9 10 U.S.C.G : Roles & Responsibilities U.S.C.G : Roles & Responsibilities

Waterways Management and Facility Facilities & Industry Inspections

• Develops unit policy, drafts field • Primary liaison to 2 Harbor Safety regulations, and oversees multi- Committees: Lower Columbia Region and program alignment in the pursuit of a Grays Harbor. safe, secure, efficient, and . Columbia River Vessel Traffic and environmentally sound Marine Safety Risk Assessment Transportation System (MTS). • Primary liaison to U.S. Army Corps of • Manages 3 ATON sub-units (CGC Engineers. Works directly with 3 districts: Bluebell, ANT Astoria & ANT Portland, Seattle, and Walla Walla. Responsible for recurring inspections at 66 Kennewick), maintaining over 800 • Industry liaison for new projects on the MTS. Federal and 300 Private AtoN on Regulated Waterfront Facilities that transfer cargo to and from commercial vessels. 550+ miles of inland river including Reviews on average, 100 Marine Event Permit Inspects and monitors 17 mobile fuel oil the Columbia, Willamette, and applications each year. Snake Rivers. transfer facilities . Rose Festival

. Columbia Cup 11 12 U.S.C.G : Roles & Responsibilities U.S.C.G : Roles & Responsibilities

3 Domestic Vessel Inspections Investigations

Inspection of U.S. Flag deep draft vessels, passenger vessels, tank barges, uninspected towing vessels, and Responsible for investigating all reportable uninspected fishing vessels for compliance with U.S. safety and security regulations. marine casualties that occur in the AOR. Inspected Fleet of Responsibility: . Including losses of propulsion, . 217 Small Passenger Vessels (213 T & 4 K) steering, and power. . 1 Large Passenger Vessel (Subchapter H) . Equipment failures, fire, flooding, . 25 Tank Barges grounding, and sinking. . 105 Inspected Towing Vessels, 25 Towing Vessel Companies . Death and personnel injury. . 1500 Commercial Fishing Vessels . 30 Deep Draft Drydock Examinations . Deep Draft Drydock Shipyard (Vigor) • Due to the large AOR closely coordinate with . 1 Barge Construction Yard (Gunderson) the Detached Duty Officers located in Coos Bay and Warrenton for timely response to casualties occurring on the coast. • Carries out marine violation investigations including mariner misconduct & negligent ops. 13 14 U.S.C.G : Roles & Responsibilities U.S.C.G : Roles & Responsibilities

Port State Control (PSC) Incident Management Division

• Eliminate substandard foreign-flagged ships from • IMD personnel are Pollution Responders U.S. waters, thereby reducing the greatest potential and Federal On-Scene Coordinator safety, security, and/or environmental threat to U.S. Representatives who respond to all ports and waterways. pollution incidents and hazardous • Uses a risk-based targeting system substance releases in our area of responsibility. • Recognizes that owners & operators, classification societies, and flag states directly influence a • IMD enforces federal laws and administers vessel’s compliance with international standards civil penalties aimed at violators of the Oil (SOLAS, STCW, ICLL, MARPOL, ISPS). Pollution Act of 1990 and other US Codes. 2020 Stats • Favorable working relationship with port - Arrivals: ~1,600 partners, local, state and other federal response organizations. - Examinations: 462 - PSC COTP Orders: 60 • Well versed with local ACP and the Incident Command System (ICS).

15 16 U.S.C.G : Roles & Responsibilities U.S.C.G : Roles & Responsibilities

4 Sector Command Center Captain of the Port (COTP) Orders 33 CFR Part 160 (Ports & Waterways Safety)

The Command Center monitors Issuing a COTP Order Clearing a COTP Order marine traffic and radio calls. • Coast Guard is notified or learns of a • Vessel inspectors conduct an exam to Coordinates Search & Rescue, Hazardous Condition on the waterway. verify hazardous condition has been facilitates internal briefings, and corrected or mitigated. disseminates vessel control actions • Coast Guard COTP discusses situation, when necessary. Serves as the conditions, and available options. • Verification that stipulations of COTP initial point of contact for all have been met. • If necessary, a COTP Order is issued(in maritime matters. writing) with specific requirements or • COTP Rescission Letter is issued. stipulations for a vessel or facility.

17 18 U.S.C.G : Roles & Responsibilities U.S.C.G : Roles & Responsibilities

Letters of Deviation (LOD) 33 CFR Part 164 Navigation Safety Rules Deviations from Rules

• Bridge navigation watch • If equipment required by part 164 is • Equipment Tests prior to entering/departing malfunctioning or not operable, then must • Charts/Pubs be reported to the COTP. • Compass & Deviation table • COTP may authorize a deviation from any • Maneuvering Details rule in part 164, provided it does not impair • Radar/ARPA the safe navigation of the vessel under • Electronic Position Fixing (GPS) anticipated conditions. i.e. issue a Letter of • Speed Log Deviation. • AIS QUESTIONS? • Depth Sounder • Local practice has been to allow LODs for inbound, but not for outboard vessels. • Etc….. 19 U.S.C.G : Roles & Responsibilities

5 Ecology Spills Program

• 1 of 10 Ecology Programs Preventing, Preparing for and • “Zero Spills Goal” = high expectations Responding to Oil Spills • Protect Washington’s environment, cultural resources, economy and public health Washington Department of Ecology • Prevention is our best investment Washington State • Plan to respond in rapid, aggressive and well Nhi Irwin coordinated manner 22

21

Oil Spill Notifications NW Area/Regional Contingency Plan

State Laws RCW 90.56.280 . Duty to notify coast guard and division of emergency management of discharge. RCW 88.46.100 . Significant Vessel Incident Reporting Requirement

This is in addition to the call to the National Response Center. Ecology notifies others in return. 23 24 Ecology Spills Program Ecology Spills Program

6 Our Tribal Partners on the River Prevention . Oil transfer inspections – • Nez Perce Tribe ship, facility and at anchor. • Confederated Tribes of the . Voluntary compliance for Umatilla Indian Reservation tank vessels. • Confederated Tribes of the . Facility inspections, plan Warm Springs Reservation of review. Oregon . Oil transportation risk • Confederated Tribes and Bands assessment. of the Yakama Nation. . Harbor Safety Committee. • Columbia River Inter-tribal Fish Commission 25 26 Ecology Spills Program

Preparedness Geographic . Oil spill contingency plans for Response Plans vessels, facilities, pipelines, mobile facilities & railroads. Evaluate roughly120 drills/year year to test contingency plans. . Geographic Response Plans, initial-response strategies to protect sensitive resources. . Primary Response Contractors, equipment inspection, Spill Management Teams, Wildlife Response Service Providers.

27 28 Ecology Spills Program Ecology Spills Program

7 “Umbrella” Vessel Contingency Plan Coverage Reporting Vessel Emergencies Notification of vessel incidents such as loss of propulsion, fire, collisions, Law – RCW 88.46.060 etc. Regulation – WAC 173-182 • Pose a significant risk of spills. . Cargo, Passenger, Fishing Vessels 300GT and larger • Allow for coordination and time to mount a response as needed. . Tank Vessels • Calls for immediate notification (state and federal phone numbers)

Provides an easy, cost-effective What can you expect from us? mechanism for vessels to enroll • We will thank you when this is met. and get approved plan coverage in Washington and • We will ask you to recognize this requirement if there is a miss and do Oregon. better in the future if it is not. 29 30 Ecology Spills Program

Response What is it really about? . Rapid, Aggressive, Well Coordinated Response. 24 • Protecting our communities, environment, economy and way of life hours a day from six offices. • Building partnerships with industry, agencies and response contractors . Receive over 4,000 spill reports so we stand and work together if an incident/spill were to occur per year – including drug labs • Instilling public confidence . Incident Management Team . Incident investigation, Enforcement . Natural Resource Damage Assessment

31 32 Ecology Spills Program Ecology Spills Program

8 Questions Spill Prevention & Response and Ballast Water Management

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality

33 Ecology Spills Program 34

Oregon DEQ Spill Preparedness Program

Oregon Requires Contingency Plans for Vessels over 300 GT

• Oregon Revised Statute 468B.300-500 covers Oil Spill Planning/ Preparedness • Oregon Administrative Rule 340-122 provides details on: . Plan Requirements Josh Emerson – Ballast Water Program Manager . Planning Standards Oregon Department of Environmental Quality . Plan Submittal . Drills and Exercises • Most vessels meet this requirement WELCOME through membership in MFSA Spill Prevention & Response

9 Aquatic Invasive Species Prevention and Oregon DEQ Spill Preparedness Program Ballast Water Management in Oregon If your vessel or a vessel you represent has a spill or a “threat of a spill”: • The incident must be reported to OERS at: 1-800-452-0311 • Your Plan must be activated (MFSA or your own plan) • ORS 468B.305 through 468B.315 describe: . Unlawful pollution and oil entering the waters of the state . Liability for persons in control of oil which enters the waters of the state . Duty to collect and remove oil • Geographic Response Plans can be found in the Northwest Area Contingency Plan http://www.rrt10nwac.com/ • Threats of Spill includes: . Vessel Groundings . Vessel Sinking Spill Prevention & Response Ballast Water Management

Ballast Water: Operations & Ecology

Larvae & Zooplankton (10x)

Phytoplankton (100x)

Microbes (1000x)

Ballast Water Management Ballast Water Management

10 Invasive Species Concerns - Global Invasive Species Concerns - Global

(Modified from Molnar et al., 2008)

(Halpern et al., 2008)

Ballast Water Management Ballast Water Management

Source of Ballast Water Discharged to OR (2020) Invasive Species Concerns - Oregon (pre-management)

120 14.4 Million m3 Ballast Water Biofouling (3.8 Billion gals) Aquaculture Other At least 55 aquatic NIS established ● 100 ● BWD to in lower CRE ● OR in 2020 . Sytsma et al. 2004 ● 80 ● ● ●● ● ● 60 Targeted studies reveal NIS ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● presence and potential ● ● ● ● 40 ecological effects, but more ● ● ● research is needed ● 20 > 4 M . Cordell et al. 2007 ● . Bollens et al. 2012 ● 2-4 M ● 0 . Breckenridge et al. 2014 ● ● 1-2 M PS LCR SFB LA/LB . Emerson et al. 2015 ● ● 100k – 1M modified from Simkanin et al. 2010 ● < 100k Ballast Water Management Ballast Water Management

11 Regional Ballast Water Discharge Critical Aquatic Invasive Species Strategy: Comparison Prevention

Annual Arrivals Annual BWD Percent BWD per arrival Port Environ. Volume Discharging Conditions $$$$ Gulfof Alaska 785 9.7 M m3 44% 12,400 m3 Marine Salish Sea (BC) 3182 14.6 M m3 32% 4,580 m3 Marine* Puget Sound (WA) 3307 7.4 M m3 23% 2,235 m3 Marine $$$ Columbia River 1506 12.9 M m3 58% 8,565 m3 Freshwater (OR & WA) Coos Bay 49 0.9 M m3 73% 18,367 m3 Brackish $ $$ San Francisco Estuary 3495 7.5 M m3 18% 2,100 m3 Brackish LA / Long Beach 4265 4.6 M m3 16% 1,100 m3 Marine Hawaii 1026 0.7 M m3 15% 680 m3 Marine

Ballast Water Management Ballast Water Management

Oregon Ballast Water Management Program Oregon Ballast Water Management Program (Regulations established 2001 - Program activities began 2008) (Regulations established 2001 - Program activities began 2008) Agency Mission DEQ's mission is to be a leader Operations: in restoring, maintaining and enhancing Pre-Arrival BWRF Screening the quality of Oregon's air, land and water Vessel Inspections Enforcement Program Objective . Prevent introductions of non-indigenous species to Oregon from ballast water Current Program Resource: 1.5 FTE transfer (transoceanic and coastwise voyages) Supported by fees + General Fund (50/50 cost share) Program Strategy Policy Analysis & . Establish and enforce ballast management practices that: Outreach & Coordination: Development: • Reduce risk of NIS establishment in Oregon waters, and with Industry, other Data Analysis Stakeholders and Regional • are compatible within the broader framework of regional, federal and Partners Scientific Collaboration, and Regulatory Solutions international shipping regulatory requirements. 48 Ballast Water Management Ballast Water Management

12 Inspections Activities Inspections (#) Pre-Arrival Reporting Forms 1. Outreach & 30 Technical 25 Inspections (#)

Service 20 Target Inspection 15 Rate = 12% 2. Audit of 10 Shipboard Records 5 0 3. Compliance Verification Sampling

4. Assist with Corrective Action

Ballast Water Management Ballast Water Management

Oregon Ballast Management Requirements Why Oregon Requires Exchange (OAR 340-143) Ballast Tank Sourced from SF Bay 24-hr Advance Reporting

Exchange (BWE), ~ 28,000 individuals/m3 ~ 10 individuals/m3

OR* Treatment (BWT), 85% high-risk taxa <4% high-risk taxa (or meet exemption criteria) . Transoceanic . Coastwise • * BWE - in addition to BWT - for high risk voyages transporting ballast from low-salinity sources. Empty Ballast Tanks (NOBOB)

Ballast Water Management Ballast Water Management

13 Oregon Ballast Management Trends: Ballast Water Management Practices Reported Ballast Management

Oceanic Ballast Water Exchange Standards limiting the number of MOE COE Oceanic CW municipal SafetyExem TRT E+T 100%

(BWE) viable organisms per unit volume 90% (BWT) 80% 12% 70%

60%

50%

40%

30% Management 20% Shift Underway 10% 0% 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

59% of OR arrivals discharge BW

Ballast Water Management Ballast Water Management

Spill Prevention and Ballast Water Management Questions or Comments?

Program Contacts: Ballast Water Management MFSA Vessel Response Plan Josh Emerson [email protected] 2015 2016 503-229-6865 Umbrella Oil Spill Contingency Plan Spill Response/Preparedness Columbia & Willamette Rivers Mike Greenburg [email protected] Holly Robinson, Maritime Fire & Safety Association 971-563-6484 Oregon DEQ

14 Columbia River is the boundary of Oregon Protector Alpha and Washington - OPA 90 both states’ regulations apply Other plans?

Regulators & Remedies Regulators & Remedies

Commercial vessels • MFSA Agent execute over 300GT Blanket Enrollment All Tank Vessels • Agent submits Advance Bunker Barges Notice of Arrival Commercial Dredge • Field Guide onboard Vessel

Regulators & Remedies Regulators & Remedies

15 • Vessel reports spill Equipment • Plan is activated caches • Notifications . Boats • Deploy people & . Boom equipment . Skimmers • MFSA transitions to . Storage vessel QI Regulators & Remedies Regulators & Remedies

Founded in 1971 as a nonprofit Oil Spill Removal • In 1992 MFSA and Organization (OSRO) to Clean Rivers entered provide mutual aid to a variety of oil handling into an agreement companies for shared equipment Clean Rivers has 21 members access located from the falls at • Train and exercise Oregon City down steam to together regularly to Longview and upstream to Camas. ensure preparedness

Regulators & Remedies Regulators & Remedies

16 • 5 OSRVs-Skimming • 5 Fast and 24 BBL Storage Response • 1000’ of boom on Vessel (FRVs) board • 11 Shallow Water Barges-100 BBl Capacity Regulators & Remedies Regulators & Remedies

• New Asset!! • Shallow water Over 65,000 Feet FRV Jet Boat Positioned From • Increases Astoria to Portland/ response Vancouver capability in shallow areas

Regulators & Remedies Regulators & Remedies

17 • MFSA staffs a Spill Management Team • Incident Command System QUESTIONS?

Regulators & Remedies

18