THE UNITED STATES NAVAL WAR COLLEGE Joint Military Operations
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NWC 3153L THE UNITED STATES NAVAL WAR COLLEGE Joint Military Operations Reference Guide NA ES VA T L A T W S A D R E C T O I L N L U E E G H E T VIRIB TORIA US IC MARI V "FORCES/CAPABILITIES HANDBOOK" July 2011 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 U.S. Navy ..................................................................................................................... 2 I Mission and Purpose .................................................................................... 2 II Organization and Command Structure ........................................................ 2 III US Navy Concept of Operations ................................................................. 7 IV Capabilities ................................................................................................ 14 V Navy Reserve ............................................................................................. 27 VI Current Challenges .................................................................................... 28 U.S. Army ................................................................................................................... 30 I Introduction ................................................................................................ 30 II Operating Structure .................................................................................... 32 III Army Organization .................................................................................... 33 IV Army Commands ....................................................................................... 39 V Army National Guard and Army Reserve ................................................. 57 VI Army Logistical Data ................................................................................ 58 VII Major Army Systems ................................................................................. 61 VIII Army Coordination Issues ......................................................................... 67 IX References .................................................................................................. 69 U.S. Marine Corps ........................................................................................................ 71 I Mission and Purpose .................................................................................. 71 II Organization and Structure ........................................................................ 72 III Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) ................................................ 74 IV Warfighting Doctrine ................................................................................. 81 V Systems and Equipment ............................................................................. 81 VI Service Specific Issues .............................................................................. 82 U.S. Air Force ............................................................................................................... 84 I Air Force Vision..... ................................................................................... 84 II Air Force Mission..... ................................................................................. 84 III Command Structure ................................................................................... 84 IV Major Command Structure..... ................................................................... 86 V Air National Guard ................................................................................ 104 VI The Air and Space Expeditionary Force .................................................. 107 VII Aircraft Capabilities ............................................................................... 108 VIII Space Capabilities .................................................................................. 115 U.S. Coast Guard ........................................................................................................ 117 I Organization ............................................................................................ 117 II Concept of Operations ............................................................................. 117 III General Information ................................................................................. 122 IV Coast Guard Forces .................................................................................. 123 Special Operations Forces........................................................................................... 133 I Mission .................................................................................................... 133 II SOCOM Vision ....................................................................................... 133 III Organization ............................................................................................ 134 IV Concept of Operations ............................................................................. 138 V General Information ................................................................................. 140 Strategic Lift ............................................................................................................... 148 I Mission, Organization, and Resources .................................................... 148 II Concept of Operations for Strategic Deployment ................................... 161 III Movement in Support of Homeland Defense and Civil Support ............. 163 Operational Command and Control ............................................................................ 164 I Introduction..... ......................................................................................... 164 II Command Relationships and Levels of Authority..... .............................. 165 III Joint Command Organization .................................................................. 169 IV Multinational Command Organization..... ............................................... 178 V US vs. Alliance Command Relationships .............................................. 182 Appendix A — Services' Insignia .............................................................................. A-1 Appendix B — Conversion Table ............................................................................... B-1 Appendix C — Navy Composite Warfare Commander (CWC) Concept .................. C-1 Appendix D — Air and Sea Route Times ............................................................... D-1 INTRODUCTION Every student enrolled at the Naval War College is presumed to have a solid understanding and appreciation of their service's capabilities and limitations, particularly within their occupational specialty. However, knowledge of the other services' combat organizations, doctrine, concept of operations, or general information (and perhaps that of other occupational specialties within your own service) is likely to be less comprehensive. This document provides basic information about each of the services, SOF, strategic lift, and operational command and control. Each of these topics will be discussed in greater detail in future sessions. The format of this document is designed to be succinct yet also present a complete and accurate description of the subject. Short paragraphs, bullet format, diagrams and appendices are used to convey general or generic, vice specific, information. Numbers, ranges, sizes and speeds are either rounded off, cover a broad range of options, or are not discussed at all. The goal is for you to become familiar with the capabilities that the joint force can provide so that you, the operational planner, can accomplish your mission objectives. This document can also serve as a quick reference in your future endeavors. Finally, in this ever-changing defense environment of budget restraints, base closures, and force reductions, some of the information contained within may be or become outdated. Seminar discussions will address the most current information. 1 U.S. NAVY I. Mission and Purpose The mission of the Navy is to maintain, train and equip combat-ready Naval forces capable of winning wars, deterring aggression and maintaining freedom of the seas. In order to successfully carry out this broad mission the Navy maintains capability to perform the following key functions as directed by DOD Directive 5100.01: Conduct offensive and defensive operations associated with the maritime domain including achieving and maintaining sea control, to include subsurface, surface, land, air, space, and cyberspace. Provide power projection through sea-based global strike, to include nuclear and conventional capabilities; interdiction and interception capabilities; maritime and/or littoral fires, to include naval surface fires; and close air support for ground forces. Conduct ballistic missile defense. Conduct ocean, hydro, and river survey and reconstruction. Conduct riverine operations. Establish, maintain, and defend sea bases in support of naval, amphibious, land, air, or other joint operations as directed. Provide naval expeditionary logistics to enhance the deployment, sustainment, and redeployment of naval forces and other forces operating within the maritime domain, to include joint sea bases, and provide sea transport for the Armed Forces other than that which is organic to the individual Military Services and USSOCOM. Provide support for joint space