Hesselø Bugt Miljøvurderingsrapport (VVM)
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Gribskov Kommune på vegne af Nordkystens Fremtid Råstofindvinding i ansøgningsområde A – Hesselø Bugt Miljøvurderingsrapport (VVM) Rekvirent Gribskov Kommune på vegne af Nordkystens Fremtid Kontaktperson: Caroline Bald (e-mail:[email protected]) Rådgiver WSP Danmark før Orbicon Linné Alle 2 2630 Taastrup Projektnummer 3621700085 Projektleder Jan F. Nicolaisen Udarbejdet af Louise K. Poulsen, Danni J. Jensen, Morten Warnick Stæhr, Morten Hjort, Sanne Kjellerup, Erik Mandrup Jacobsen, Rie B. E. Jensen Kort Morten Warnick Stæhr, Danni J. Jensen, Rie B. E. Jensen Kvalitetssikring Jan F. Nicolaisen Revisionsnr. 02 Godkendt af Lea Bjerre Schmidt Udgivet 19-05-2021 INDHOLDSFORTEGNELSE 1. IKKE-TEKNISK RESUMÉ.................................................................................................... 9 2. INDLEDNING..................................................................................................................... 12 2.1. Baggrund ................................................................................................................. 12 2.2. Læsevejledning ........................................................................................................ 15 3. PROJEKTBESKRIVELSE ................................................................................................. 16 3.1. Områdebeskrivelse .................................................................................................. 16 3.2. Indvindingen ............................................................................................................. 22 3.2.1 Metode ...................................................................................................... 22 3.2.2 Strandfodringsstrækninger og mængder .................................................... 23 3.2.3 Ansøgningsmængden og tidsforbrug ......................................................... 23 3.3. Råstofressourcen i området ...................................................................................... 24 4. ALTERNATIVER ............................................................................................................... 26 4.1. 0-alternativ ............................................................................................................... 27 5. METODEBESKRIVELSE ................................................................................................... 27 5.1. Vurderingsmetode og begreber ................................................................................ 27 5.2. Miljøparametre og afgrænsning – vurderede/ikke vurderede ..................................... 30 5.3. Potentielle påvirkninger ............................................................................................ 32 5.3.1 Arealinddragelse ....................................................................................... 33 5.3.2 Ændring af havbunden/habitattab .............................................................. 33 5.3.3 Sedimentspredning .................................................................................... 34 5.3.4 Støj ........................................................................................................... 36 5.3.5 Øget skibstrafik.......................................................................................... 38 6. RÅSTOFEFTERFORSKNING - DETAILKORTLÆGNING (FASE IB) ................................ 38 6.1. Undersøgelsesprogram ............................................................................................ 38 6.2. Metode for substrattype inddeling ............................................................................. 40 6.3. Sammenfattende vurdering af ressource .................................................................. 43 6.4. Afgrænsning af ansøgningsområde .......................................................................... 45 7. MILJØUNDERSØGELSER (FASE IIA) .............................................................................. 46 7.1. Metode ..................................................................................................................... 48 7.2. Naturtyper ................................................................................................................ 48 7.2.1 Naturtype 1a - blødbundssamfund ............................................................. 54 7.2.2 Naturtype 1b - sandbundssamfund ............................................................ 56 7.2.3 Naturtype 2a - grusbundssamfund ............................................................. 57 7.2.4 Naturtype 2b – sandbund med større sten ................................................. 59 7.2.5 Naturtype 3/4 - stenrev .............................................................................. 59 7.2.6 Andre observationer .................................................................................. 62 7.2.7 Tidligere biologiske undersøgelser i området ............................................. 64 7.2.7.1. Vegetationsundersøgelser ......................................................................... 64 7.2.7.2. Bundfauna undersøgelser .......................................................................... 65 7.2.7.3. Fisk ........................................................................................................... 69 7.2.7.4. Sammenligning med den biologiske undersøgelse i Område A .................. 69 7.2.8 Samlet vurdering af de biologiske værdier ................................................. 69 8. MILJØKONSEKVENSVURDERING (FASE IIB) ................................................................ 71 8.1. Havbund, dybde og dynamik .................................................................................... 72 8.1.1 Metode ...................................................................................................... 72 8.1.2 Eksisterende forhold .................................................................................. 72 8.1.3 Miljøpåvirkninger ....................................................................................... 78 8.1.4 Sammenfattende vurdering ........................................................................ 82 8.2. Flora og fauna .......................................................................................................... 82 8.2.1 Metode ...................................................................................................... 82 8.2.2 Eksisterende forhold .................................................................................. 83 8.2.3 Miljøpåvirkninger ....................................................................................... 86 8.2.4 Sammenfattende vurdering ........................................................................ 90 8.3. Fisk og erhvervsfiskeri .............................................................................................. 90 8.3.1 Metode ...................................................................................................... 90 8.3.2 Eksisterende forhold .................................................................................. 90 8.3.2.1. Fisk ........................................................................................................... 90 8.3.2.2. Gyde- og opvækstområder ........................................................................ 94 8.3.2.3. Fiskeri ....................................................................................................... 98 8.3.2.4. Samlet vurdering for fisk og fiskeri ........................................................... 102 8.3.3 Miljøpåvirkninger ..................................................................................... 103 8.3.4 Sammenfattende vurdering ...................................................................... 107 8.4. Fugle ...................................................................................................................... 107 8.4.1 Metode .................................................................................................... 108 8.4.2 Eksisterende forhold ................................................................................ 110 8.4.3 Miljøpåvirkninger ..................................................................................... 115 8.4.4 Sammenfattende vurdering ...................................................................... 118 8.5. Havpattedyr............................................................................................................ 119 8.5.1 Metode .................................................................................................... 119 8.5.2 Eksisterende forhold ................................................................................ 119 8.5.2.1. Marsvin (Phocoena phocoena) ................................................................ 119 8.5.2.2. Sæler ...................................................................................................... 122 8.5.3 Miljøpåvirkninger ..................................................................................... 125 8.5.4 Sammenfatning ....................................................................................... 129 8.6. Vandplaner, vandkvalitet og havstrategi ................................................................. 129 8.6.1 Metode .................................................................................................... 129 8.6.2 Eksisterende forhold ................................................................................ 130 8.6.3 Miljøpåvirkninger