Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics An Interactive Open Access Journal of the European Geosciences Union

www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net

Advisory Board Members Co-Editors

Paul J. Crutzen (Chairman) Ilse Aben Annmarie Carlton Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Rutgers University, USA Mainz, Germany Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands [email protected] [email protected] Chak K. Chan Hong Kong University of Science and Meinrat O. Andreae James Allan Technology, Hong Kong Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, The University of Manchester, UK [email protected] Mainz, Germany [email protected] Markus Ammann Yafang Cheng Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Daniel McKenna [email protected] Mainz, Germany National Center for Atmospheric Research, [email protected] Boulder, USA Yves Balkanski [email protected] Laboratoire CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, LSCE/IPSL, Jui-Yuan Christine Chiu Gif-sur-Yvette, France University of Reading, UK Stuart A. Penkett [email protected] University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Patrick Chuang [email protected] Urs Baltensperger University of California, Santa Cruz, USA Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland [email protected] Veerabdhadran Ramanathan [email protected] Scripps Inst. of Oceanography, La Jolla, USA Ronald Cohen [email protected] Carlo Barbante University of California, Berkeley, USA University of Venice, Italy [email protected]

Executive Editors Thorsten Bartels-Rausch Joachim Curtius Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Ulrich Pöschl (Chief-Executive Editor) [email protected] Frankfurt am Main, Germany Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, [email protected] Mainz, Germany Allan Bertram [email protected] University of British Columbia, Canada Daniel J. Cziczo [email protected] MIT, Cambridge, USA Ken Carslaw [email protected] University of Leeds, UK Timothy Bertram [email protected] University of California, San Diego, USA Martin Dameris [email protected] DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany Thomas Koop [email protected] Bielefeld University, Germany Wolfram Birmili [email protected] Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Ashu Dastoor Leipzig, Germany Science and Technology Branch, Rolf Sander [email protected] Air Quality Research Division, Canada Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, [email protected] Mainz, Germany Jan W. Bottenheim [email protected] Environment Canada, Toronto, Canada Peter DeCarlo [email protected] Drexel University, USA William Thomas Sturges [email protected] University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Jørgen Brandt [email protected] Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark Frank Dentener [email protected] European Commission, Ispra, Italy [email protected] Steven Brown NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Neil M. Donahue USA Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA [email protected] Stefan Buehler University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Manvendra K. Dubey [email protected] Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA [email protected] European James B. Burkholder NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Bryan N. Duncan Geosciences Boulder, USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, [email protected] Greenbelt, USA Union [email protected] Tim Butler Institute for Advanced Sustainability Timothy J. Dunkerton Studies, Germany NorthWest Research Associates, Redmond, USA Ralf Ebinghaus Peter Haynes Radovan Krejci Institute for Coastal Research, University of Cambridge, UK Stockholm University, Sweden Geesthacht, Germany [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Martin Heimann Martina Krämer Andreas Engel Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Research Center Jülich, Germany Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany Jena, Germany [email protected] [email protected] Quentin Errera Markku Kulmala Belgium Institute for Space Aeronomy, Andreas Hofzumahaus University of Helsinki, Finland Belgium Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ari Laaksonen Barbara Ervens Rupert Holzinger University of Eastern Finland, NOAA/ESRL, Boulder, USA Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Kuopio, Finland [email protected] Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands [email protected] [email protected] Maria Cristina Facchini William Lahoz National Research Council (CNR), Corinna Hoose Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Bologna, Italy Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany Kjeller, Norway [email protected] [email protected] Graham Feingold NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Alex Huffman Alexander Laskin Boulder, USA University of Denver, USA Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Federico Fierli Patrick Jöckel Kari Lehtinen National Research Council, Rome, Italy DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany Finnish Meteorological Institute and [email protected] [email protected] University of Kuopio, Finland [email protected] Qiang Fu Jan Kaiser University of Washington, Seattle, USA University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK John Liggio [email protected] [email protected] Environment Canada, Toronto, Canada [email protected] Stefano Galmarini Maria Kanakidou Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece Xiaohong Liu [email protected] [email protected] University of Wyoming, Laramie, USA Laurens Ganzeveld Thomas Karl [email protected] Wageningen University, Netherlands University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria [email protected] Franz-Josef Lübken Timothy Garrett Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA Stelios Kazadzis Kühlungsborn, Germany [email protected] National Observatory of Athens, Greece [email protected] [email protected] Alan Geer Jianzhong Ma European Centre for Medium-Range Veli-Matti Kerminen Chinese Academy of Meteorological Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sciences, Beijing, China [email protected] Helsinki, Finland [email protected] [email protected] Evangelos Gerasopoulos Rob MacKenzie National Observatory of Athens, Greece Frank Keutsch University of Birmingham, UK [email protected] University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA [email protected] Bernhard Mayer Christoph Gerbig Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr Munich, Germany Jena, Germany Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Gordon McFiggans Stefania Gilardoni Thomas Kirchstetter University of Manchester, UK Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, [email protected] and Climate, Italy Berkeley, USA [email protected] [email protected] Robert McLaren York University, Toronto, Canada Alex B. Guenther Silvia Kloster Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Craig McNeil Richland, USA Hamburg, Germany University of Washington, Seattle, USA [email protected] [email protected] Daniel Knopf Robert Harley Stony Brook University, USA V. Faye McNeill University of California, Berkeley, USA [email protected] Columbia University, New York, USA [email protected] [email protected] Monika Kopacz Neil Harris NOAA Climate Program Office, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos University of Cambridge, UK Silver Spring, USA University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Paul Monks Ilona Riipinen Joel Thornton University of Leicester, UK University of Helsinki, Finland University of Washington, Seattle, USA [email protected] [email protected] Janne Rinne Jennifer G. Murphy University of Helsinki, Finland David Topping University of Toronto, Canada [email protected] University of Manchester, UK [email protected] [email protected] Greg Roberts Athanasios Nenes Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Holger Tost Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA La Jolla, USA Johannes Gutenberg University, [email protected] [email protected] Mainz, Germany [email protected] Nga Lee Ng James Roberts Georgia Institute of Technology, USA NOAA/ESRL Chemical Sciences Division, Kostas Tsigaridis USA Columbia University and NASA GISS, Sergey A. Nizkorodov [email protected] New York, USA University of California, USA [email protected] [email protected] Yinon Rudich Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel Michel Van Roozendael Mathias Palm [email protected] Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, University of Bremen, Germany Brussels, Belgium [email protected] Lynn M. Russell [email protected] UCSD, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Markus Petters La Jolla, USA Geraint Vaughan North Carolina State University, University of Manchester, UK Raleigh, USA Thomas Röckmann [email protected] [email protected] Utrecht University, the Netherlands [email protected] Elisabetta Vignati Andreas Petzold Joint Research Centre – European Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany Harald Saathoff Commission, Ispra, Italy [email protected] Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany Annele Virtanen Tuukka Petäjä [email protected] University of Eastern Finland, Finland University of Helsinki, Finland Michael Schulz Bernhard Vogel Andrea Pozzer Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Oslo, Norway Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany Mainz, Germany [email protected] [email protected] John H. Seinfeld California Institute of Technology, Christiane Voigt Andre S. H. Prevot Pasadena, USA Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland [email protected] (DLR), Wessling, Germany [email protected] [email protected] Drew Shindell Alexander Pszenny NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Rainer Volkamer University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA New York, USA University of Colorado, Boulder, USA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Johannes Quaas Chul Han Song Thomas von Clarmann University of Leipzig, Germany Gwangju Institute of Science and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany [email protected] Technology, Republic of Korea [email protected] [email protected] Xavier Querol Thomas Wagner Institute of Environmental Assessment and Dominick Spracklen Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Water Research, Barcelona, Spain University of Leeds, Leeds, UK Mainz, Germany [email protected] [email protected] Philip Stier Patricia Quinn University of Oxford, UK William Ward NOAA, Seattle, USA [email protected] University of New Brunswick, [email protected] Fredericton, Canada Gabriele Stiller [email protected] Claire Reeves Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK [email protected] Ernest Weingartner [email protected] Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland Andreas Stohl [email protected] Andreas Richter Norwegian Institute for Air Research, University of Bremen, Germany Kjeller, Norway Paul O. Wennberg [email protected] [email protected] California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA Nicole Riemer Hang Su University of Illinois at Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Heini Wernli Urbana-Champaign, USA Mainz, Germany ETH Zurich, Switzerland [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Jason West University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA [email protected] Editorial Support Jonathan Williams Natascha Töpfer Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, [email protected] Mainz, Germany Publication Production [email protected] Sarah Otto [email protected] Fangqun Yu State University of New York at Albany, USA [email protected]