El Caso Bildu: Un Supuesto De Extralimitación De
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Versión Final 3 Disertación 2013
Agradecimentos Agradeço a todas as pessoas que estiveram ao meu lado e fizeram o possível para que este trabalho chegasse a bom termo. Especialmente ao Departamento de Ciência Política da Universidade, Trinity College, University of Dublin, na qual estive a desenvolver a minha investigação durante seis meses de período ERASMUS, oportunidade proporcionada pela Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto. Gostaria de agradecer ao Professor Koji Kagotani, do Trinity College, por ter oferecido sempre a sua ajuda em termos de desenvolvimento metodológico; e ao Professor Jeffrey R. Weber, do Trinity College, que foi o meu supervisor durante esse período, por me recomendar as leituras que me permitiram aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o terrorismo, e me aproximar deste fenómeno com outra perspectiva, através de dados estatísticos. Por fim, gostaria de ressaltar a ajuda fornecida pela Professora Maria Helena Cardoso Osswald, e pelo meu orientador o Professor Jorge Manuel Martins Ribeiro, Professores da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto. Além da colaboração dos meus colegas, que fizeram uma leitura crítica do texto, para refletir sobre o mesmo e efetuar as alterações devidas. Sem a ajuda de todos, esta dissertação não teria sido possível. O terrorismo internacional e o terrorismo doméstico: o caso da ETA KEYWORDS: INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM, DOMESTIC TERRORISM, TERRORIST STRATEGIES, TERRORISM AND ELECTORAL OUTCOMES, ETA ABSTRACT In the last century Europe had to withstand countless terrorist attacks, but it was in the XXI century when the attacks of September 11 had a strong effect on the research agenda in the field of International Relations. Today there is an increasing number of analysis of the effects of terrorism, and much has been written on the origins of terror, and targeted governments' response, but little has appeared on the strategies terrorists employ directed at another sector, civilian targets. -
The Lehendakari
E.ETXEAK montaje ENG 3/5/01 16:08 P‡gina 1 Issue 49 YEAR 2001 TheThe LehendakariLehendakari callscalls forfor anan electionelection inin thethe BasqueBasque CountryCountry onon MayMay 13th13th E.ETXEAK montaje ENG 4/5/01 08:53 P‡gina 2 Laburpena SUMMARY Laburpena SUMMARY EDITORIALA■EDITORIAL – Supplementary statement to the Decree dissolving Parliament ...................... 3 GAURKO GAIAK■CURRENT EVENTS – Instructions for voting by mail .................................................................................. 5 – Basque election predictions according to surveys................................................ 6 PERTSONALITATEAK■PERSONALITIES – The Sabino Arana Awards for the year 2000........................................................ 8 EUSKAL ETXEAK – The Human Rights Commissioner visited the Basque Country ....................... 8 ISSUE 49 - YEAR 2001 URTEA – Francesco Cossiga received the "Lagun Onari" honor ...................................... 9 EGILEA AUTHOR Eusko Jaurlaritza-Kanpo – The Government of Catalonia receives part of its history Harremanetarako Idazkaritza Nagusia from the Sabino Arana Foundation ....................................................................... 10 Basque Government-Secretary General for Foreign Action – The Secretary of State of Idaho calls for the U.S. C/ Navarra, 2 to mediate in the Basque Country......................................................................... 11 01007 VITORIA-GASTEIZ Phone: 945 01 79 00 ■ [email protected] ERREPORTAIAK ARTICLES ZUZENDARIA DIRECTOR – The -
A La Sala Especial Del Tribunal Supremo Prevista En El Artículo 61 De La Ley Orgánica Del Poder Judicial
MINISTERIO ABOGACÍA GENERAL DEL ESTADO DE JUSTICIA DIRECCIÓN DEL SERVICIO JURÍDICO DEL ESTADO INDICE DEL RECURSO HECHOS PRIMERO. CONVOCATORIA DE ELECCIONES MUNICIPALES, AL PARLAMENTO NAVARRO, A LAS JUNTAS GENERALES Y ELECCIONES CONCEJILES EN NAVARRA. CONSTITUCIÓN DE LA COALICIÓN ELECTORAL BILDU. SEGUNDO.- LOS REITERADOS INTENTOS DEL COMPLEJO ETA/BATSAUNA DE ACCEDER A LA LEGALIDAD BURLANDO LOS EFECTOS DE LA SENTENCIA DE ILEGALIZACIÓN DE 27 DE MARZO DE 2003 TERCERO.- LA EVOLUCIÓN DE EUSKO ALKARTASUNA Y ALTERNATIBA EN LOS ÚLTIMOS AÑOS. RELACIÓN CON LA IZQUIERDA ABERTZALE ILEGALIZADA. 1.- EUSKO ALKARTASUNA 2.- ALTERNATIBA 3.- La celebración conjunta del reciente “Aberri Eguna” (día de la patria vasca) de 2011. 4.- Conclusión CUARTO.- LA ALIANZA CON EUSKO ALKARTASUNA COMO ELEMENTO ESENCIAL DE LA ESTRATEGIA DEL COMPLEJO ETA/BATASUNA EN EL DENOMINADO POR ETA “PROCESO DEMOCRÁTICO”. AUTO DE LA SALA ESPECIAL DEL ART. 61 LOPJ DE 30 DE MARZO DE 2011 QUINTO.- OTRAS PRUEBAS DEL PROCESO DE ACUERDO, TANTO ESTRATÉGICO COMO ELECTORAL, ENTRE EL COMPLEJO ETA/BATASUNA, C/ S. BERNARDO, 45 28001 MADRID ABOGACÍA GENERAL DEL ESTADO EUSKO ALKARTASUNA Y ALTERNATIBA PARA LA PRESENTACIÓN DE CANDIDATURAS A TRAVÉS DE UNA COALICIÓN ELECTORAL A) PRUEBAS DOCUMENTALES B) CONVERSACIONES TELEFÓNICAS, REUNIONES Y COMUNICACIONES. C) DECLARACIONES PÚBLICAS Y MANIFESTACIONES DE LOS RESPONSABLES DE BILDU SEXTO.- OTRAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LAS CANDIDATURAS IMPUGNADAS Y SU RELACIÓN CON EL COMPLEJO ETA/BATASUNA A) CARACTERÍSTICAS GENERALES O DE ÍNDOLE ESTRUCTURAL B) ALGUNAS CONEXIONES PERSONALES DE LOS MIEMBROS DE LAS CANDIDATURAS CON LOS PARTIDOS ILEGALIZADOS FUNDAMENTOS DE DERECHO I PROCEDENCIA DEL RECURSO CONTENCIOSO-ELECTORAL, COMPETENCIA Y PROCEDIMIENTO. II LEGITIMACIÓN ACTIVA. 2 MINISTERIO DE JUSTICIA ABOGACÍA GENERAL DEL ESTADO III SOBRE LOS MEDIOS DE PRUEBA UTILIZABLES Y ADMISIBLES EN LOS PROCESOS JUDICIALES DESTINADOS A ACREDITAR LA SUCESIÓN O CONTINUACIÓN DE LOS PARTIDOS ILEGALIZADOS IV APRECIACIÓN CONJUNTA DE LA PRUEBA. -
Gazteen Argazkiak 13 Retratos De Juventud 13
GAZTEEN ARGAZKIAK 13 2009KO ABENDUA RETRATOS DE JUVENTUD 13 DICIEMBRE 2009 www.lehendakaritza.ejgv.euskadi.net/r48-17354/eu/ www.lehendakaritza.ejgv.euskadi.net/r48-17354/es/ Gazteen Argazkiak 13 (Landa lana: 2009) Retratos de Juventud 13 (Trabajo de campo: 2009) Aurkibidea / Índice A - Egoeraren balorazioa / Valoración de la situación ........................................................1 A.1 - EAEko eta Estatuko egoera ekonomikoa / Situación económica de la CAPV y del Estado......... 1 A.2 - EAEko eta Estatuko egoera politikoa / Situación política de la CAPV y del Estado ...................... 2 A.3 - EAEko eta Estatuko egoera soziala / Situación social de la CAPV y del Estado .......................... 3 A.4 - EAEko arazo nagusiak / Principales problemas de la CAPV ......................................................... 4 A.5 - Norberaren arazo nagusiak / Principales problemas personales................................................... 5 A.6 - Administrazioarekiko poztasuna / Satisfacción con la administración ........................................... 6 B.- Jarrera politikoak / Actitudes políticas ...........................................................................7 B.1 - Politikarekiko interesa / Interés por la política ................................................................................ 7 B.2 - Alderdi politiko batekiko hurbiltasuna / Proximidad hacia algún partido político............................ 8 B.3 - Norberaren kokapena ezker-eskuin ardatzean / Autoubicación en el eje izquierda-derecha...... -
The Basque Experience with the Irish Model
WORKING PAPERS IN CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION AND SOCIAL JUSTICE ISSN 2053-0129 (Online) From Belfast to Bilbao: The Basque Experience with the Irish Model Eileen Paquette Jack, PhD Candidate School of Politics, International Studies and Philosophy, Queen’s University, Belfast [email protected] Institute for the Study of Conflict Transformation and Social Justice CTSJ WP 06-15 April 2015 Page | 1 Abstract This paper examines the izquierda Abertzale (Basque Nationalist Left) experience of the Irish model. Drawing upon conflict transformation scholars, the paper works to determine if the Irish model serves as a tool of conflict transformation. Using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), the paper argues that it is a tool, and focuses on the specific finding that it is one of many learning tools in the international sphere. It suggests that this theme can be generalized and could be found in other case studies. The paper is located within the discipline of peace and conflict studies, but uses a method from psychology. Keywords: Conflict transformation, Basque Country, Irish model, Peace Studies Introduction1 The conflict in the Basque Country remains one of the most intractable conflicts, and until recently was the only conflict within European borders. Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) has waged an open, violent conflict against the Spanish state, with periodic ceasefires and attempts for peace. Despite key differences in contexts, the izquierda Abertzale (‘nationalist left’) has viewed the Irish model – defined in this paper as a process of transformation which encompasses both the Good Friday Agreement (from here on referred to as GFA) and wider peace process in Northern Ireland – with potential. -
Abertzaletasunaren Gorakada Non Zer Alkartasuna Eusko Alkartasunaren Barne Aldizkaria
29 aalkartasuna ekaina - uztaila 37/72 FRANQUEO C ONCERTADO Abertzaletasunaren gorakada non zer alkartasuna eusko alkartasunaren barne aldizkaria 8.500 ale 2003ko Uztaila 811 posta kutxa, Donostia D.L./L.G. SS 714/88 Zuzendaria Onintza Lasa Koordinatzaileak 3-5 Elkarrizketa: Bruno Zubizarreta · Jabier Otermin Begoña Errazti: "El PP ha dejado claro su nula legitimidad democrática Erredakzioa pues ha vulnerado todo lo que dice defender" Eva Aranguren • Karmelo Arren • 6-7 Leire Ereño: Begoña Arruti · "Desde la impronta socialdemócrata, abertzale y pacifis- Ana Garaialde • ta de EA trabajaremos para que la sociedad guipuzcoa- Amaia Goikoetxea • na progrese" Mikel Irujo • Ana Iturralde · Joserra López-Larrinaga: Luis Mendizabal • "La estrategia tramposa del PP-PSOE ha fracasado" Igone Olarte • Mikel Cabello Iñaki Sanchez: "Araban, alderdi espainolek euren espania mailako inte- Maketazioa resak mantentzeko hitzarmen bat egin dute" Azk Taldea Imprimategia 8-10 Aberri Eguna 2003 Gertu, Koop. E. ● ARABA GASTEIZ · 01005 San Prudencio, 3 11 Análisis de elecciones Tel. 945 · 23 27 62 Fax 945 · 23 29 53 Eusko Alkartasuna logra un incremento del 26% en su [email protected] representación municipal ● BIZKAIA BILBO · 48005 Arenal, 2-3. 12-15 Ordezkariak Tel. 94 · 416 10 33 Fax 94 · 415 62 94 [email protected] - Nafarroako Parlamentuan ● IPARRALDE - Iruñeako Udalean BAIONA · 64100 8 Quia d’Galluperie - Gipuzkoako Batzar Nagusietan Tel. 59 · 25 50 28 Fax 59 · 25 50 28 - Donostiako Udalean [email protected] - Bizkaiako Batzar Nagusietan ● GIPUZKOA DONOSTIA · 20018 - Bilboko Udalean Portuetxe bidea, 23 Tel. 943 · 02 01 30 - Arabako Batzar Nagusietan Fax 943 · 02 01 31 [email protected] - Gasteizko Udalean ● NAFARROA IRUÑA · 31001 Plaza del Castillo, 49 Tel. -
Are Stateless Nations Discriminated in Terms of Social Progress?
Informes fundacIó catalunya europa [05/17] Are stAteless nAtions discriminAted in terms of sociAl progress? An AnAlysis of the 19 efA countries through the dAtA of the europeAn regionAl sociAl progress index. [autor:] MARC TATARET BATALLA peer revIewer: JORDI ANGUSTO ZAMBRANO Amb lA col·lAborAció de: Informes fundacIó catalunya europa [05/17] Are stAteless nAtions discriminAted in terms of sociAl progress? An AnAlysis of the 19 efA countries through the dAtA of the europeAn regionAl sociAl progress index. [autor:] MARC TATARET BATALLA peer revIewer: JORDI ANGUSTO ZAMBRANO Contents 1. Introduction – Executive Summary. ...................................................................................... 3 1.1 The EU-SPI as an analytical tool. ......................................................................................... 4 1.2 The EFA countries. ......................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Methodology. ................................................................................................................ 7 2. Comparing the 19 EFA countries. .......................................................................................... 9 3. EFA Countries Profile. .......................................................................................................... 14 3.1 First Analysis: Bavaria ........................................................................................................ 15 3.2. Second Analysis: Flemish Region .................................................................................... -
Catholic Mediation in the Basque Peace Process: Questioning the Transnational Dimension
religions Article Catholic Mediation in the Basque Peace Process: Questioning the Transnational Dimension Xabier Itçaina 1,2 1 CNRS—Centre Emile Durkheim, Sciences Po Bordeaux, 11 allée Ausone, 33607 Pessac, France; [email protected] 2 GEZKI, University of the Basque Country, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain Received: 30 March 2020; Accepted: 17 April 2020; Published: 27 April 2020 Abstract: The Basque conflict was one of the last ethnonationalist violent struggles in Western Europe, until the self-dissolution in 2018 of ETA (Euskadi ta Askatasuna, Basque Country and Freedom). The role played by some sectors of the Roman Catholic Church in the mediation efforts leading to this positive outcome has long been underestimated, as has the internal pluralism of the Church in this regard. This article specifically examines the transnational dimension of this mediation, including its symbolic aspect. The call to involve the Catholic institution transnationally was not limited to the tangible outcomes of mediation. The mere fact of involving transnational religious and non-religious actors represented a symbolic gain for the parties in the conflict struggling to impose their definitions of peace. Transnational mediation conveyed in itself explicit or implicit comparisons with other ethnonationalist conflicts, a comparison that constituted political resources for or, conversely, unacceptable constraints upon the actors involved. Keywords: Basque conflict; nationalism; Catholic Church; Holy See; transnational mediation; conflict resolution 1. Introduction The Basque conflict was one of the last ethnonationalist violent struggles in Western Europe, until the definitive ceasefire (2011), decommissioning (2017), and self-dissolution (2018) of the armed organization ETA (Euskadi ta Askatasuna, Basque Country and Freedom). -
Herri Mugimenduen Eta Ezkerreko Gobernuen Arteko Ezinak Eta Eginak Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundiko Gobernantza Sareak Aztergai (2011-2015)
Herri mugimenduen eta ezkerreko gobernuen arteko ezinak eta eginak Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundiko gobernantza sareak aztergai (2011-2015) Doktore-tesia Andere Ormazabal Gaston Zuzendaria: Iñaki Bárcena Hinojal Herri mugimenduen eta ezkerreko gobernuen arteko ezinak eta eginak Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundiko gobernantza sareak aztergai (2011-2015) Tesi honek Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Ikertzaileen prestakuntzarako laguntza jaso du 2007ko maiatzetik 2011ko apirilera. Horrez gain, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko mugikortasuna susatzeko eta ikerketaren emaitzak hedatzen laguntzeko diru-laguntza jaso du, 2010eko urritik 2011ko urtarrilera. Herri mugimenduen eta ezkerreko gobernuen arteko ezinak eta eginak Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundiko gobernantza sareak aztergai (2011-2015) Doktore-tesia Andere Ormazabal Gaston Zuzendaria: Iñaki Barcena Hinojal Facultad de Ciencias Sociales Gizarte eta Komunikazio y de la Comunicación Zientzien Fakultatea Departamento de Ciencia Política Politika eta Administrazio y de la Administración Zientzia Saila (c)2019 ANDERE ORMAZABAL GASTON Aurkibidea 1. Ikerketaren aurkezpena ...................................................................................................................................................13 1.1. Sarrera ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 1.2. Helburuak ............................................................................................................................................................................ -
The Construction of the Basque Polarized Pluralism
The Construction of the Basque Polarized Pluralism Francisco J. LLERA RAMO Universidad del País Vasco Working Paper n.64 Barcelona 1993 The political transition from the authoritarian system to the pluralist regime started in December 1976 with the Political Reform Act and finished with the approving referenda of Constitution and Statutes, being the first one (December 1978) general for the State and the second (October 1979) specific for the Basque Country. The following stage in both cases was that of starting the previously designed institution-building process to result in a third phase that we might define as consolidation of the democratic system which is the present one. The Basque people have been called to polls more than twelve times since the first free elections in 1977. They have voted the composition of the Houses in Madrid and Vitoria, of the regional institutions of Alava, Guipúzcoa and Vizcaya, of the city councils and even of the European Parliament, not to mention the four referenda. At the regional level, the "inaugural" 1980 election opened a period of political alignment and institution-building hegemonized by the PNV (Partido Nacionalista Vasco, Basque Nationalist Party) in a context of strong anti-centralist mobilization and of maximum activity of the radical nacionalism's armed organisms at the same time as ETApm decided its disolution. The second elections of 1984 were of "passage", extending the previous situation to a term shortened by PNV's parliamentary weakening eventually leading to its early split at the time of defining the internal organization of the Basque Country with the LTH as well as its alliance-politics. -
Disposición 9135 Del BOE Núm. 124 De 2011
BOLETÍN OFICIAL DEL ESTADO Núm. 124 Miércoles 25 de mayo de 2011 Sec. TC. Pág. 94 Suplemento TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL 9135 Pleno. Sentencia 62/2011, de 5 de mayo de 2011. Recurso de amparo 2561- 2011. Promovido por la coalición electoral Bildu-Eusko Alkartasuna (EA)/ Alternatiba Eraikitzen frente a la sentencia de la Sala Especial del artículo 61 de la LOPJ del Tribunal Supremo sobre anulación de candidaturas para las elecciones locales y forales de 2011. Vulneración del derecho a acceder a los cargos representativos: falta de acreditación de que la coalición electoral continúe o suceda la actividad de un partido político declarado ilegal (STC 126/2009). Votos particulares. El Pleno del Tribunal Constitucional, compuesto por don Pascual Sala Sánchez, Presidente; don Eugeni Gay Montalvo, don Javier Delgado Barrio, doña Elisa Pérez Vera, don Ramón Rodríguez Arribas, don Manuel Aragón Reyes, don Pablo Pérez Tremps, don Francisco José Hernando Santiago, doña Adela Asua Batarrita, don Luis Ignacio Ortega Álvarez y don Francisco Pérez de los Cobos Orihuel, Magistrados, ha pronunciado EN NOMBRE DEL REY la siguiente SENTENCIA En el recurso de amparo núm. 2561-2011, promovido por la coalición electoral Bildu- Eusko Alkartasuna (EA)/Alternatiba Eraikitzen, representada por el Procurador de los Tribunales don José Guerrero Tramoyeres, y asistida por el Letrado don Carlos Ginto Monzón, frente a la Sentencia de 1 de mayo de 2011 de la Sala Especial del art. 61 de la LOPJ del Tribunal Supremo, que estima los recursos contencioso-electorales núms. 2-2011 y 4-2011, interpuestos, respectivamente, por la Abogacía del Estado y el Ministerio Fiscal. -
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Revista Latina de Comunicación Social # 66 – 2011 – pages 454 to 481 Investigación | DOI: 10.4185/RLCS-66-2011-941-454-481 | ISSN 1138-5820 | 28 pages Institutional Advertising in the Spanish Parliament Ángeles Feliu-Albaladejo, B.A. - Assistant Professor of Audiovisual Communication and Advertising - University of Alicante (UA), Spain - [email protected] Abstract: This article presents the results of a study about the legislation of institutional advertising in the Spanish Congress, which is understood as an arena for political communication. The research is focused on the analysis of the parliamentary initiatives and the corresponding parliamentary debates, with special emphasis on the legislative initiatives prior to the 2005 Law of Advertising and Institutional Communication, and its value as predecessor of other regulations. The first proposal of the law, still rejected, was taken by different political forces as the basis for subsequent regulative proposals concerning institutional advertising. The position of different groups, and their arguments, shows a clear lack of coherence in many cases. The comparison of the different initiatives in different Spanish chambers –and the debates around them- is a first step to establish the policy memory which, beyond the specific case of institutional communication, becomes a very useful instrument in the field of Political Communication. Keywords: Political communication; institutional advertising; debate; parliament; regulation. Summary: 1. The Spanish parliament as public space. 2. Institutional Advertising in the Spanish parliaments. 3. Parliamentary Initiatives in the Spanish Congress of Deputies. 4. Elements of the Parliamentary Debate. 5. Conclusions. 6. Bibliography. 7. Notes. Translation by Cruz-Alberto Martínez-Arcos, M.A. (University of London) 1.