DOCSLIB.ORG

Some Considerations on the Making and Use of Colours in Etruria During the Middle Orientalising Period Francesco Napolitano

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Some Considerations on the Making and Use of Colours in Etruria During the Middle Orientalising Period Francesco Napolitano Etruscan Studies Journal of the Etruscan Foundation Volume 10 Article 2 2007 Some Considerations on the Making and Use of Colours in Etruria During the Middle Orientalising Period Francesco Napolitano Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/etruscan_studies Recommended Citation Napolitano, Francesco (2007) "Some Considerations on the Making and Use of Colours in Etruria During the Middle Orientalising Period," Etruscan Studies: Vol. 10 , Article 2. Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/etruscan_studies/vol10/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Etruscan Studies by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Some Considerations on the Making and Use of Colours in Etruria During the Middle Orientalising Period * by Francesco Napolitano 1. EVIDENCE FROM FUNERARY BUILDINGS n Etruria the earLiest evidence for decorating the interiors of funeraL chambers with coLour dates bacK to the middLe OrientaLising period (680-630 B.C.). This tradition con - Icerns a Limited number of tombs owned by famiLies of the dominant sociaL cLass. The decoration (in some cases found onLy in certain parts of the room ,1 in other cases adorning aLL the waLLs and ceiLings 2) distinguishes these tombs from others of the same ranK 3. 1.1. Colours and materials The coLours empLoyed for tomb waLL decoration, as shown in tabLe 1, are mostLy yeLLow and red. As chemicaL anaLyses have reveaLed, these two coLours come from hydroxide and iron oxide (yeLLow and red ochre) ,4 extracted respectiveLy from Limonite and hematite. The use of bLacK is more Limited: it is used to trace the outLine of the drawing ,5 or it is used as a base to intensify red and yeLLow tones .6 White was introduced haLf way through the 7th century, and it was made of KaoLin 7 thinned with spring water. UnLiKe the other coLours, bLacK has a vegetaL origin 8. Observation of the painted chamber waLLs shows that the bLacK pigment distributes itseLf in a homogeneous way on the irreguLarities of the tufaceous surface. This evidence suggests that the bLacK was not appLied dry, but as a fLuid substance. These characteristics (the vegetaL origin and the Liq - uid consistency), and the tone of the coLour itseLf, enabLe one to identify the bLacK of these tombs with the so caLLed “nero di vite” (‘vine-bLacK’): i.e. a Kind of bLacK obtained by coL - Lecting vine branches during the pruning period and carbonising them in seaLed vases. Such a pigment, today soLd as an oiL coLour, has been recommended, particuLarLy for the fresco technique , in painting treatises, from the MiddLe Ages to 1920 .9 – 11 – –––––––––––––––––––--––––––– Making and Use of Colours in Etruria ––––––-----––––––--––––––––– TABLE 1 ETRUSCAN PAINTED TOMBS DATING TO THE MIDDLE ORIENTALISING PERIOD Chronology 10 Places Evidences Colours 680-670 Veii Tomba deLLe Anatre yeLLow, red 11 , bLacK 675-660 Veii Tomba 5 di Monte MicheLe red 675-650 Caere Monte d’Oro: TumuLo red, yeLLow monumentaLe 675-650 Caere Tomba deLLa Nave 1 red, bLacK, white 675-650 Caere Tomba MengareLLi red, bLacK 12 , yeLLow about 650 Caere Tomba Maroi 1 red, bLacK 650-625 13 Caere Tomba deL Sorbo 1 yeLLow, red, bLacK 640-630 Veii TumuLo di Vaccareccia yeLLow, red 650-625 Caere Tomba degLi AnimaLi Dipinti red, bLacK, white 650-625 Caere Tomba dei Leoni Dipinti red, bLacK, white 630-620 Caere Tomba dei Denti di Lupo yeLLow, red, bLacK 650-625 Caere Tomba Campana 1 red 650-625 Caere Via degLi Inferi: Tomba 1 red, yeLLow 650-625 San GiuLiano Tomba Cima yeLLow, red-brown, bLacK, green 14 650-625 VuLci Osteria: Tomba deL SoLe red, white, bLacK e deLLa Luna 1.2. Preparation of the colour Red and yeLLow preparations must aLso have been very simiLar to those used in ItaLy dur - ing the MiddLe Ages ,15 and down to the post WorLd War I period. The basic ingredient was ground on a miLLstone. SmaLL amounts of water were added graduaLLy during this process and the resuLting dense mixture was then coLLected with a wooden or bone spat - uLa, and deposited in containers seaLed with cLoths .16 1.3. Fixation techniques During the middLe OrientaLising period the mixture of pigment and spring water 17 was sometimes appLied directLy on the tufaceous surfaces of the tombs .18 In other cases, in order to fix it better ,19 the painter first covered the waLLs with an uneven Layer of cLay (never thicKer than 1 cm) ,20 and then appLied the desired coLours on the damp surface. Given the high absorption power of damp cLay, such a technique aLLowed for a better adherence of coLour. In at Least one tomb (Tomba Maroi 1 in Caere) the painter appLied both techniques .21 – 12 – –––––––––––––––––––--––-–––––--––--–--–-–––––-––– Francesco Napolitano ––––––-------–-–––––--––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 2. Evidence from dwellings The simiLarities between the above-mentioned preparation of tomb waLLs and those of the contemporary houses ,22 as weLL as the visibLe architecturaL connections between the hous - es of Living peopLe and those of the dead ,23 gives rise to the hypothesis that during the middLe OrientaLising period the same technique was used both in tomb decoration and aLso in the houses of the aristocracy. In addition the pieces of treLLisworK pLastered with cLay which have been found in the houses of Acquarossa, San GiuLiano and San GiovenaLe and on the waLLs of buiLdings in RuseLLae and Tarquinia , offer more precise information about this technique in the middLe OrientaLising period. 2.1. Northern Etruria: the plastered walls of Rusellae OnLy RuseLLae aLLows a compLete assessment from the pubLished data. At this Location, the stratigraphic sequences and the pottery evidence definiteLy estabLish two of the buiLdings as middLe OrientaLising: the “casa con recinto” on the north side of the forum, and the remains in “cavità A” of a buiLding, Lying beneath the “casa deLL’impLuvium .”24 There are no recog - nizabLe traces of coLour on the extensive remains of pLastered waLLs in both buiLdings .25 The same is true of the remains of the buiLding beneath the “casa a due vani” on the north-east side of the forum. The stratigraphic sequences show that it was definiteLy buiLt during the second haLf of the 7th century BC. 26 “Casa C ,” in the same area as the “casa deLL’impLuvium ,” dates bacK to the Late OrientaLising period, and its stone waLLs have no traces of pLaster .27 In contrast, fragments from the archaic house “a due vani” pre - serve the remains of coLoured pLaster. This buiLding overLies the above-mentioned remains of the buiLding on the north-east side of the forum .28 Therefore the evidence from RoseLLe shows that coLour on pLaster is not used before the beginning of the 6th century 29 , and that the pLaster couLd be obtained LocaLLy .30 LacK of chromatic traces in the remains of Late OrientaLising dweLLings near Lago d’Accesa ,31 and the fact that the earLiest decorated tombs in the Heba area date bacK to the end of the 7th century ,32 suggest that in this area of Etruria coLour began to be appLied on waLLs at about the same time as at RuseLLae. 2.1. Southern Etruria: plasters from Acquarossa and San Giovenale In southern Etruria, excavations of settLement areas have brought to Light buiLdings that date bacK to earLy and middLe OrientaLising period at Tarquinia ,33 San GiovenaLe ,34 San GiuLiano, Acquarossa ,35 and Veii ;36 however, onLy some daub pieces found in a singLe triaL trench at Acquarossa show remains of pLaster coating .37 On the evidence of the pottery, the Layer in which the pLaster fragments were found dates to the end of the earLy OrientaLising period ,38 and the pLaster fragments probabLy beLong to two buiLdings .39 The pLaster coating is Lime-based white and does not show any other coLour .40 Considering the number of buiLdings Known at Acquarossa of the earLy and mid - dLe OrientaLising periods and the scarcity of evidence, it seems that coLoured decoration on the waLLs of civiL, sacred and domestic buiLdings in this period is exceptionaL. – 13 – –––––––––––––––––––--––––––– Making and Use of Colours in Etruria ––––––-----––––––--––––––––– 3. Evidence from stone statuary In contrast to the architecturaL evidence, on stone statues coLour was appLied directLy, without any cLay Layer. In Etruria this technique is used on the two semata from CasaLe Marittimo (earLy OrientaLising), whose cLothes and beLts are embeLLished by red ochre .41 4. Evidence from painted objects The use of red ochre is evident on a smaLL group of decorated Luxury obJects beLonging to the first haLf of the 7th century BC. 4.1. The ostrich egg vases In the first quarter of the 7th century, the earLiest painted ostrich egg vases (see tabLe 2) are imported. These vesseLs are made by assembLing different materiaLs: ostrich eggs for the body, and ivory or other perishabLe materiaLs for the remaining parts .42 TABLE 2 PAINTED OSTRICH EGGS FOUND IN ETRURIA IN EARLY ORIENTALISING CONTEXTS Chronology Places Colours 700-680 VetuLonia: CircoLo deL moniLe d’argento red, yeLLow-greenish traces 700-680 VetuLonia CircoLo deL moniLe d’argento red, yeLLow-greenish traces 700-680 VetuLonia CircoLo deL moniLe d’argento red In the second quarter of the same century, we find occasionaL exampLes of this Kind of vase in Tarquinia. The deviation from tradition in the scheme of decoration of the egg sheLL from Tomba 55 at Tarquinia ,43 consisting of the sLight reduction of the unpainted surface of the body, shows that it was produced in loco or in another Etruscan centre .44 The Limited range of avaiLabLe pigments forced the artisan to use onLy two coLours i.e.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Umbria from the Iron Age to the Augustan Era
    UMBRIA FROM THE IRON AGE TO THE AUGUSTAN ERA PhD Guy Jolyon Bradley University College London BieC ILONOIK.] ProQuest Number: 10055445 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10055445 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract This thesis compares Umbria before and after the Roman conquest in order to assess the impact of the imposition of Roman control over this area of central Italy. There are four sections specifically on Umbria and two more general chapters of introduction and conclusion. The introductory chapter examines the most important issues for the history of the Italian regions in this period and the extent to which they are relevant to Umbria, given the type of evidence that survives. The chapter focuses on the concept of state formation, and the information about it provided by evidence for urbanisation, coinage, and the creation of treaties. The second chapter looks at the archaeological and other available evidence for the history of Umbria before the Roman conquest, and maps the beginnings of the formation of the state through the growth in social complexity, urbanisation and the emergence of cult places.
    [Show full text]
  • Murlo 09 Biblio
    BIBLIOGRAFIA Abbreviazioni SeM = “Studi e Materiali” StS = “Studi Senesi” AA = “American Accademy” WA = “World Archaeology” AARG = “Aerial Archaeology Research Group” AAS = Archivio Arcivescovile di Siena AC = “Archeologia e Calcolatori” Fonti inedite AJA = “American Journal of Archaeology” Archivio del Distretto Minerario di Grosseto, n. 367, 368, 370, pp. 1936, AJAH = “American Journal of Ancient History” 1935, 1941. AM = “Archeologia Medievale” ASA, 1961 = Archivio Soprintendenza Archeologica, pos. 9 / Siena / 21. AR = “American Academy in Rome” ARA = “Annual Review of Anthropology” Archaeol. Prospect. = “Archaeological Prospection” Manoscritti ArchCl = “Archeologia Classica” ArchLaz = “Archeologia Laziale” BICHI = BICHI G., Notizie storiche delle città, Fortezze, Castelli e Terre della ARID = “Analecta Romana Instituti Danici” Città di Siena, ASS, Ms. D.73-79. GHERARDINI = GHERARDINI B., Visita fatta nell’anno 1676 alle Città, Torre ARRETINORUM = OXÉ A., Corpus Vasorum Arretinorum, A catalogue of the signatures, shapes and cronology of italian sigillata, in “Antiquitas”, 3-4, e Castella dello Stato della Città di Siena dall’ill.mo Sig.re Bartolomeo Ghe- Bonn, 1968. rardini Auditore Generale in Siena per l’A.S. di Cosimo de Medici, Gran- ASS = Archivio di Stato di Siena duca VI di Toscana, copia del secolo XVIII, ASS, Ms. D.82-86. AttiMGrecia = “Atti e memorie della Società Magna Grecia” MACCHI = MACCHI G., Memorie, ASS, Ms. D.107-112. BA = “Beiträge zur Assijrologie” MANOSCRITTO SLOGANE = MANOSCRITTO SLOGANE, 3524 cc. 59r-67, BA = “Bollettino d'Arte” London, British Museum . BAR = “British Archaeological Reports” MERLOTTI, 1872 = MERLOTTI G., Tavole cronologiche di tutti i Rettori an- BCI = Biblioteca Comunale di Siena tichi e moderni delle parrocchie della Diocesi ed elenco dei Vescovi e Arci- BdA = “Bollettino d'Arte” vescovi di Siena, Firenze, Arezzo, Fiesole, Sovana, Pienza e Montalcino, BSSP = “Bullettino Senese di Storia Patria” Roselle e Grosseto, Massa, Volterra e Colle, AAS, Ms.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chronological Implications of Relief Ware Bucchero at Poggio Civitate
    Etruscan Studies Journal of the Etruscan Foundation Volume 11 Article 3 2008 The hrC onological Implications of Relief Ware Bucchero at Poggio Civitate Anthony Tuck University of Massachusetts Amherst Erik O. Nielsen Franklin College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/etruscan_studies Recommended Citation Tuck, Anthony and Nielsen, Erik O. (2008) "The hrC onological Implications of Relief Ware Bucchero at Poggio Civitate," Etruscan Studies: Vol. 11 , Article 3. Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/etruscan_studies/vol11/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Etruscan Studies by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Chronological Implications of Relief Ware Bucchero at Poggio Civitate by Anthony Tuck and Erik Nielsen iano del Tesoro at Poggio Civitate Preserves evidence of the only 7th century BCE architectural comPlex known to date in Central Italy. 1 Thus far, three buildings of Pthis comPlex have been identified. These consist of OC1/Residence, an aPParent - ly aristocratic household, the furnishings of which attest to the wealth of its inhabitants, OC2/WorkshoP, a large and ornately decorated multifunctional workshoP, and OC3/TriPartite, a building whose triPartite interior division conforms to what we might exPect of a religious structure of the Etruscan seventh century. All stood together on the Plateau by the last quarter of the seventh century BCE. 2 StratigraPhic evidence suggests that the three buildings were destroyed in a sin - gle conflagration. 3 Although the sPecific causes of the fire can not be determined, evi - dence from OC2/WorkshoP suggests a sudden catastroPhe.
    [Show full text]
  • A Near Eastern Ethnic Element Among the Etruscan Elite? Jodi Magness University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
    Etruscan Studies Journal of the Etruscan Foundation Volume 8 Article 4 2001 A Near Eastern Ethnic Element Among the Etruscan Elite? Jodi Magness University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/etruscan_studies Recommended Citation Magness, Jodi (2001) "A Near Eastern Ethnic Element Among the Etruscan Elite?," Etruscan Studies: Vol. 8 , Article 4. Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/etruscan_studies/vol8/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Etruscan Studies by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Near EasTern EThnic ElemenT Among The ETruscan EliTe? by Jodi Magness INTRODUCTION:THEPROBLEMOFETRUSCANORIGINS 1 “Virtually all archaeologists now agree that the evidence is overwhelmingly in favour of the “indigenous” theory of Etruscan origins: the development of Etruscan culture has to be understood within an evolutionary sequence of social elaboration in Etruria.” 2 “The archaeological evidence now available shows no sign of any invasion, migra- Tion, or colonisaTion in The eighTh cenTury... The formaTion of ETruscan civilisaTion occurred in ITaly by a gradual process, The final sTages of which can be documenTed in The archaeo- logical record from The ninTh To The sevenTh cenTuries BC... For This reason The problem of ETruscan origins is nowadays (righTly) relegaTed To a fooTnoTe in scholarly accounTs.” 3 he origins of the Etruscans have been the subject of debate since classical antiqui- Tty. There have traditionally been three schools of thought (or “models” or “the- ories”) regarding Etruscan origins, based on a combination of textual, archaeo- logical, and linguistic evidence.4 According to the first school of thought, the Etruscans (or Tyrrhenians = Tyrsenoi, Tyrrhenoi) originated in the eastern Mediterranean.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 16 Winter 2014
    Volume 16 Winter 2014 Tomb 6423 At right, the Below is the A Digger’s View: lastra sealing chamber as The Tomb of the Hanging the chamber found at the The perspective of a field Aryballos, Tarquinia shown in situ. moment of archaeologist by Alessandro Mandolesi Above it is the opening, by Maria Rosa Lucidi another lastra on the back The University of Turin and the possibly reut- wall a little The discovery of the tomb of the Superintendency for the Archaeological ilzed spolia aryballos still “hanging aryballos" has aroused great Heritage of Southern Etruria have been interest among the public in both Italy taken from hangs on its investigating the Tumulus of the Queen and internationally. The integrity of the original nail. and the necropolis surrounding it, the the tumulus unviolated tomb is definitely one of the Doganaccia, since 2008. The excava- of the queen, (photographs reasons for the attention it has received. tions have brought forth many important which stands by Massimo The uniqueness is even more pro- and unexpected results, thanks to subse- nearby. Legni). nounced when one considers that since quent research, and the infor- the second half of the nine- mation relating to the differ- teenth century the English ent phases of its use has made traveler George Dennis it possible to clarify many blamed the inability to recov- obscure points about the great er the contexts from intact era of the monumental tumuli chamber tombs in Etruscan at Tarquinia. Tarquinia on repeated looting Archaeologists working since ancient times. The
    [Show full text]
  • Etruscan News 20
    Volume 20 20th ANNIVERSARY ISSUE Winter 2018 XXIX Conference of Etruscan and of Giacomo Devoto and Luisa Banti, Italic Studies and where he eventually became Luisa L’Etruria delle necropoli Banti’s successor as Professor of Etruscan Studies at the University of rupestri Florence. Tuscania-Viterbo For twenty years he was the October 26-28, 2017 President of the National Institute of Reviewed by Sara Costantini Etruscan and Italic Studies, with me at his side as Vice President, and for ten From 26 to 28 October, the XXIX years he was head of the historic Conference of Etruscan and Italic Etruscan Academy of Cortona as its Studies, entitled “The Etruria of the Lucumo. He had long directed, along- Rock-Cut Tombs,” took place in side Massimo Pallottino, the Course of Tuscania and Viterbo. The many schol- Etruscology and Italic Antiquities of the ars who attended the meeting were able University for Foreigners of Perugia, to take stock of the new knowledge and and was for some years President of the the problems that have arisen, 45 years Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae after the first conference dedicated to Classicae (LIMC), for which he wrote interior Etruria. The first day’s activi- more than twenty entries. ties, which took place in the Rivellino Cortona, member of the Accademia dei Giovannangelo His activity as field archaeologist Theater “Veriano Luchetti” of Tuscania, Lincei and President of the National Camporeale included the uninterrupted direction, with excellent acoustics, had as their Institute of Etruscan and Italic Studies; 1933-2017 since 1980, of the excavation of the main theme the historical and archaeo- he died on July 1 of this year.
    [Show full text]
  • Emptyscapes: Filling an 'Empty' Mediterranean Landscape At
    Emptyscapes: filling an ‘empty’ Mediterranean landscape at Rusellae, Italy ∗ Stefano Campana Research The Emptyscapes project is an interdisci- plinary programme designed to stimulate new developments in Italian landscape archaeology. It achieves this through the integration of traditional approaches with multidisciplinary studies, to which are added Rusellae the relatively new techniques of large-scale geophysical survey, airborne laser scanning Rome and geo-environmental analysis. The effec- tiveness of such an approach has been borne out by results from central Italy. These show that the underlying ‘archaeological continuum’ can be detected even in an area where archaeological evidence was previously N 0 km 200 thought to be absent. Keywords: Mediterranean, Italy, empty spaces, landscape, archaeological continuum, holistic On one matter there is universal agreement: the appearance of practically every square metre in the Mediterranean today, save a few remote fastnesses, has been altered, directly or indirectly, by the past activity of people (Broodbank 2013: 71). Introduction In Italy, archaeologists have, in the past, concentrated to a large extent on architecture and urbanism, and understandably so in light of the country’s myriad surviving Classical-period monuments. There was, however, a shift in focus towards the investigation of regional multi-period change in the 1950s, not least through the initiatives of the British School at Rome in studying the landscape of south Etruria (Ward-Perkins 1961). More recent research has involved long-term studies drawing heavily on the results of field-walking survey and aerial photography to identify, date and characterise sites, and to record the results of these ∗ Ancient Topography, Landscape Archaeology & Remote Sensing Laboratory, Department of History and Cultural Heritage, University of Siena, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy (Email: [email protected]) © Antiquity Publications Ltd, 2017 antiquity 91 359 (2017): 1223–1240 doi:10.15184/aqy.2017.139 1223 Stefano Campana on distribution maps.
    [Show full text]
  • Etruscan News 19
    Volume 19 Winter 2017 Vulci - A year of excavation New treasures from the Necropolis of Poggio Mengarelli by Carlo Casi InnovativeInnovative TechnologiesTechnologies The inheritance of power: reveal the inscription King’s sceptres and the on the Stele di Vicchio infant princes of Spoleto, by P. Gregory Warden by P. Gregory Warden Umbria The Stele di Vicchio is beginning to by Joachim Weidig and Nicola Bruni reveal its secrets. Now securely identi- fied as a sacred text, it is the third 700 BC: Spoleto was the center of longest after the Liber Linteus and the Top, the “Tomba della Truccatrice,” her cosmetics still in jars at left. an Umbrian kingdom, as suggested by Capua Tile, and the earliest of the three, Bottom, a warrior’s iron and bronze short spear with a coiled handle. the new finds from the Orientalizing securely dated to the end of the 6th cen- necropolis of Piazza d’Armi that was tury BCE. It is also the only one of the It all started in January 2016 when even the heavy stone cap of the chamber partially excavated between 2008 and three with a precise archaeological con- the guards of the park, during the usual cover. The robbers were probably dis- 2011 by the Soprintendenza text, since it was placed in the founda- inspections, noticed a new hole made by turbed during their work by the frequent Archeologia dell’Umbria. The finds tions of the late Archaic temple at the grave robbers the night before. nightly rounds of the armed park guards, were processed and analysed by a team sanctuary of Poggio Colla (Vicchio di Strangely the clandestine excavation but they did have time to violate two of German and Italian researchers that Mugello, Firenze).
    [Show full text]
  • Testo Ambientale Che Si Voglia a Dimensio- Ne Umana
    I Sistema museale del lago di Bolsena (Provincia di Viterbo) Comuni di: Acquapendente, Bagnoregio, Bolsena, Cellere, Farnese, Gradoli, Grotte di Castro, Ischia di Castro, Latera, Lubriano, Montefiascone, Valentano www.simulabo.it www.culturalazio.it/sistermusei/sist_bolsena/index.php Comune capofila: Bolsena L.go San Giovanni Battista de la Salle, 3 01023 Bolsena (VT) Tel. 0761 795317 - Fax 0761 795555 e-mail: [email protected] Quaderno realizzato dal Museo Civico “F. Rittatore Vonwiller” di Farnese 01010 -I- Farnese (VT) ISBN: 978-88-95066-29-5 IMMAGINE DI COPERTINA B. Croce, Carta del Patrimonio di S. Pietro in Tuscia, Viterbo, Sala Regia del Palazzo Comunale, 1592. Autori schede: C. Casi-L. Frazzoni: n. 222; G.A. Baragliu: nn. 7, 8, 10, 13-20, 25-30, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, C. Casi-G. Vatta: nn. 148, 149, 173; 42, 46, 50, 51, 54, 57-60, 66, 68, 69, 73, 76, 78, 79, 81, 83, O. Cerasuolo-L. Frazzoni – L. Pulcinelli: nn. 75b, 146; 86, 92, 93, 96, 97, 99-104, 107, 109, 111, 114-118, 120, 121, O. Cerasuolo-L. Pulcinelli: nn. 4, 61, 63, 67, 70, 74, 77, 95, 122, 124, 126, 127, 130 133, 134, 137, 143, 144, 145, 151- 123, 135, 138, 139, 140, 142, 160, 162, 180, 213, 214, 216, 154, 156, 158, 161, 167, 168, 169, 171, 175, 176, 177, 183, 217, 228, 232, 248, 260, 261; 186, 189, 192, 194, 195, 196, 200, 202-206, 208, 212, 215, L. Frazzoni: nn. 2, 12, 75a, 94, 98, 147, 157, 172, 174, 193, 218, 223, 225, 226, 231, 234, 236, 237, 239-244, 246, 247, 197, 207, 211, 219, 258; 250-253, 255, 256, 257, 259, 262; L.
    [Show full text]
  • Repertorio Delle Fonti Documentarie Edite. Bibliografia, P
    121 Repertorio delle Fonti documentarie edite Tavola delle abbreviazioni A.S.F. = Archivio di Stato di Firenze A.S.S. = Archivio di Stato di Siena A.S.I. = “Archivio di Stato Italiano” B.S.S.M. = “Bollettino della Società Storica Maremmana” B.S.S.M. = “Bollettino Senese di Storia Patria” M.S.S. = “Miscellanea Storica Senese” N.D.I. = “Nuovissimo Digesto Italiano” A.I.I. - Acta Imperii inedita, 1 e 2, E. WINKELMANN (a cura di) MDL IV/2 - Memorie e Documenti per servire all’Istoria del 1880-1885, Innsbruck (ristampa Innsbruck 1964). Ducato di Lucca, T. IV/2 a cura di D. BERTINI, Lucca 1836. A.I.S. - Acta Imperii selecta, J.F. BÖHMER (a cura di) 1870, Innsbruck (ristampa Innsbruck 1967). MDL IV, appendice - Memorie e Documenti per servire all’Isto - ria del Ducato di Lucca, Appendice a cura di D. BER- F. ANICHINI 1751-1752, Storia ecclesiastica della Città e Dio - TINI, Lucca 1836. cesi di Grosseto, A.V. Grosseto, ms n. 1723. M.D.L. V/2 - Memorie e Documenti per servire all’Istoria del C.D.A. - Codex diplomaticus amiatinus, Urkundenbuch der Ducato di Lucca, D. BARSOCCHINI (a cura di) Abtei S. Salvatore am Monteamiata von den Anfän - 1841, Lucca. gen bis zum Regierungsantritt Papst Innocenz III (736-1198), I e II,W. KURZE (a cura di) 1974, 1982, M.G.H. Script. - Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, Tübingen. T.VI, PERTZ, G. H. (a cura di), Hannover 1884. C.D.L. - Codice diplomatico longobardo, 1-2, L. SCHIAPAREL- M.G.H. Auct. Ant. - Monumenta Germaniae Historica.
    [Show full text]
  • Chiusi Romana Ricerche Di Prosopografia E Di Storia Socio-Economica
    Chiusi romana Ricerche di prosopografia e di storia socio-economica Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln im Fach Alte Geschichte, Historisches Institut vorgelegt von Giuliano Caracciolo aus Rom, Italien Köln, den 30. Oktober 2018 Erster Referent: Prof. Dr. Werner Eck Zweiter Referent: Prof. Dr. Gian Luca Gregori A zia Dedé 2 SOMMARIO INTRODUZIONE 5 PARTE I. IL CONTESTO STORICO 1. Etruria romana. Modalità e criteri di espansione territoriale (III-I sec. a.C.) 10 2. Il nuovo ordine politico-amministrativo dopo il bellum sociale 15 2.1. Da municipio a colonia? La questione dello status giuridico di Clusium 20 PARTE II. PROSOPOGRAFIA E SOCIETÀ 1. Elementi di continuità e integrazione culturale nel corso del I sec. a.C. 26 1.1. Genealogie chiusine nella fase di transizione 27 1.2. Mutamenti nella prassi epigrafica 40 1.3. Iscrizioni digrafe e bilingui 43 1.4. Iscrizioni latine della fase di transizione 61 2. I gruppi sociali nella città romana 74 2.1. Senatori 75 2.2. Cavalieri 79 2.3. Magistrati 81 2.4. Militari 83 2.5. Altri gruppi sociali 86 2.5.1. Donne di nascita libera 86 2.5.2. Liberti e schiavi 90 2.6. Clusium e Clusini nel resto dell’Impero 94 3. Vita religiosa. Tradizioni etrusche e culti romani in territorio chiusino 95 4. Chiusi e Roma. Dediche a senatori e tracce della “praesentia Caesaris” 107 5. Chiusi tardoantica 111 5.1. Il complesso ipogeo “misto” di S. Caterina 116 5.2. La catacomba di S. Mustiola e la comunità cristiana 118 PARTE III.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Etruscan Civilization: a Cultural History Free Ebook
    ETRUSCAN CIVILIZATION: A CULTURAL HISTORY DOWNLOAD FREE BOOK Sybille Haynes | 432 pages | 01 Sep 2005 | J. Paul Getty Trust Publications | 9780892366002 | English | United States Etruscan cities Early modern. Main article: Etruscan society: Rise of the family. In this, they were different from the surrounding Italics, who had chiefs and tribes. Introduction: A Grammar of Oscan and Umbian. Manchester University Press. Etruscan Civilization: A Cultural History by Hartmann, Thomas Michael. In Mario Torelli ed. This led the Etruscans to ally themselves with Carthagewhose interests also collided with the Greeks. Firenze: All'Insegna del Giglio. Download as PDF Printable version. The mining and commerce of metal, especially copper and ironled to an enrichment of the Etruscans and to the expansion of their influence in the Italian peninsula and the western Mediterranean sea. Populus seems to mean the people assembled in a military body, rather than the general populace. Inscription of Tinia on the Chimera's leg. Main article: Etruscan civilization. Their own name for themselves, however, is the same as that of one of their leaders, Rasenna. Few Etruscan words entered Latinbut the names of at least two of the tribes — Ramnes and Luceres — seem to be Etruscan. BevaniaMaevania. Los Angeles: Getty Trust Publications published He finds Etruscan Etruscan Civilization: A Cultural History one hand genetically related to the Rhaetic language spoken in the Alps north of Etruria, suggesting autochthonous connections, but on the other hand the Lemnian language found on the "Lemnos stele" is closely related to Etruscan, entailing either Etruscan presence in " Tyrsenian " Lemnos, or "Tyrsenian" expansion westward to Etruria.
    [Show full text]