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Testo Ambientale Che Si Voglia a Dimensio- Ne Umana I Sistema museale del lago di Bolsena (Provincia di Viterbo) Comuni di: Acquapendente, Bagnoregio, Bolsena, Cellere, Farnese, Gradoli, Grotte di Castro, Ischia di Castro, Latera, Lubriano, Montefiascone, Valentano www.simulabo.it www.culturalazio.it/sistermusei/sist_bolsena/index.php Comune capofila: Bolsena L.go San Giovanni Battista de la Salle, 3 01023 Bolsena (VT) Tel. 0761 795317 - Fax 0761 795555 e-mail: [email protected] Quaderno realizzato dal Museo Civico “F. Rittatore Vonwiller” di Farnese 01010 -I- Farnese (VT) ISBN: 978-88-95066-29-5 IMMAGINE DI COPERTINA B. Croce, Carta del Patrimonio di S. Pietro in Tuscia, Viterbo, Sala Regia del Palazzo Comunale, 1592. Autori schede: C. Casi-L. Frazzoni: n. 222; G.A. Baragliu: nn. 7, 8, 10, 13-20, 25-30, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, C. Casi-G. Vatta: nn. 148, 149, 173; 42, 46, 50, 51, 54, 57-60, 66, 68, 69, 73, 76, 78, 79, 81, 83, O. Cerasuolo-L. Frazzoni – L. Pulcinelli: nn. 75b, 146; 86, 92, 93, 96, 97, 99-104, 107, 109, 111, 114-118, 120, 121, O. Cerasuolo-L. Pulcinelli: nn. 4, 61, 63, 67, 70, 74, 77, 95, 122, 124, 126, 127, 130 133, 134, 137, 143, 144, 145, 151- 123, 135, 138, 139, 140, 142, 160, 162, 180, 213, 214, 216, 154, 156, 158, 161, 167, 168, 169, 171, 175, 176, 177, 183, 217, 228, 232, 248, 260, 261; 186, 189, 192, 194, 195, 196, 200, 202-206, 208, 212, 215, L. Frazzoni: nn. 2, 12, 75a, 94, 98, 147, 157, 172, 174, 193, 218, 223, 225, 226, 231, 234, 236, 237, 239-244, 246, 247, 197, 207, 211, 219, 258; 250-253, 255, 256, 257, 259, 262; L. Frazzoni-G. Vatta: nn. 87, 129, 199, 249; G.A. Baraliu-C. Casi: nn. 64, 113, 132, 179; G. Vatta: nn. 21, 40, 55, 80, 82, 90, 105, 106, 108, 155, 159, G.A. Baragliu-O. Cerasuolo-L. Pulcinelli: nn. 224a-b; 230; 166, 170, 187, 211.1-211.2, 221, 229, 254. G.A. Baragliu-G. Vatta: nn. 89, 238; C. Casi: nn. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 22, 23, 24, 31, 32, 35, 38, 41, Le carte di fase e la carta archeologica allegata sono state 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 52, 53, 56, 62, 65, 71, 72, 85, 91, 110, elaborate da G.A. Baragliu. 112, 119, 125, 128, 134, 141, 150, 155, 164, 165, 178, 181, Gli autori della documentazione grafica e fotografica sono 184, 185, 188, 190, 191, 198, 201, 209, 210, 220, 227, 233, indicati nelle didascalie. 235, 245; Per le abbreviazioni delle riviste si sono seguite le norme del- C. Casi-O. Cerasuolo-L. Pulcinelli: nn. 131, 163; l’Archäologische Bibliographie. II PREFAZIONI Il genere di argomento trattato in questo 15° volume dei Quaderni del Sistema museale del lago di Bolsena, patrocinato dal museo “F. Rittatore Vonwiller” di Farnese e curato dal direttore, Luciano Fraz- zoni, costituisce una novità assoluta nell’ambito della collana, di cui conferma, per il livello di ap- profondimento dei suoi contenuti, la nuova linea editoriale, già avviata a partire dalla pubblicazione del- l’undicesimo numero1. Sostenuta a livello programmatico dall’Area Servizi e Strutture Culturali dell’Assessorato alla Cul- tura della Regione Lazio e finanziata in base al III Atto integrativo dell’Accordo di Programma Quadro 1 (annualità 2006), la collana dei Quaderni accoglie ora, difatti, contributi di carattere più marcatamente specialistico, allo scopo di garantire - anche attraverso l’ulteriore approfondimento dei temi prevalenti che formano il tessuto connettivo dell’area sistemica, raccolta attorno al comune denominatore del la- go di Bolsena - il livello scientifico dell’offerta formativa elaborata e proposta dal Simulabo. Uno sco- po diretto, inoltre, a favorire lo sviluppo di quel percorso virtuoso che dovrebbe gradualmente trasfor- mare la nostra rete di musei, nata essenzialmente per ottimizzare aspetti organizzativi e gestionali, in un vero e proprio sistema culturale, in grado di offrire la più completa e articolata informazione sull’am- bito territoriale di riferimento2. Il titolo “Carta archeologica del Comune di Farnese” è affatto esplicito per quanto attiene all’ele- mento di novità che questo volume rappresenta all’interno della collana dei Quaderni, nel cui ambito mancava ancora uno studio di topografia storica, a cui, oltretutto, il curatore ha voluto dare una dimen- sione scientifica e una struttura editoriale assolutamente in linea con i volumi della Forma Italiae. Estremamente utili anche le sintesi introduttive sulle principali fasi storiche, redatte tutte da studio- si che hanno condotto in prima persona le indagini archeologiche e che si sono in varie occasioni di- mostrati profondi conoscitori del territorio; sintesi che, per quanto concerne, in particolare, Preistoria e Protostoria, sono state anche arricchite da notazioni didattiche di carattere divulgativo sulle peculiarità dei vari periodi, così da allargare i rigidi vincoli scientifici propri di una Carta archeologica stricto sen- su a più ampie schiere di fruitori. Ed è proprio dall’area circostante al lago di Bolsena che, verso la fine del XIX secolo, l’ambizioso progetto della Carta Archeologica d’Italia prese ufficialmente le mosse, sviluppando fin dall’inizio il metodo della ricognizione di superficie, che ancora oggi costituisce lo strumento principe dell’indagi- ne archeologica territoriale e grazie alla quale sono stati identificati e studiati anche la maggior parte dei siti illustrati in questo stesso volume. Fu, difatti, l’orvietano Adolfo Cozza a proporre nel 1881 al- l’allora Ministero della Istruzione Pubblica un progetto finalizzato alla ricognizione e alla catalogazio- ne dei beni archeologici della Penisola, di ogni periodo e genere, allo scopo di poterli conservare e tu- telare al meglio; il Ministero approvò, Cozza organizzò e due anni dopo, sotto la guida di Gian Fran- cesco Gamurrini e in collaborazione con Angelo Pasqui, iniziarono le ricognizioni nell’antico territorio volsiniese e nella Maremma viterbese, fino al Grossetano e all’area delle necropoli rupestri, per con- cludersi nell’agro falisco3. Queste indagini, nonostante avessero prodotto sin dall’inizio importanti sco- 1 L. MEDORI, La ceramica “white-on-red” della media Etruria interna, in Quaderni del Simulabo 11, Bolsena 2010. Sulla vecchia e sulla nuo- va linea editoriale dei Quaderni del Simulabo cfr. P. TAMBURINI, Prefazioni, in ibidem, p. III. 2 A questo proposito v. P. TAMBURINI“Il pregio dell’imperfezione” ovvero il Sistema museale del lago di Bolsena, in Nuova Museologia 16, Milano 2007, pp. 26-29; Id., Il Sistema museale del lago di Bolsena tra teoria progettuale e realtà pregresse, in G. BARTOLOZZI CASTI (a cu- ra di), La Rocca di Montefiascone e il Museo dell’architettura “Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane”, Roma 2010, pp. 99-106; Id., Proposte per una definizione condivisa sulla natura e sulle funzioni dei sistemi museali territoriali, in Museologia Scientifica - Memorie 6 (Atti del XVIII Congresso ANMS), Roma 2010 (2011), pp. 285-287; G. FORTI, F. ROSSI, M. D’AURELI, P. TAMBURINI, Un percorso verso una reale identità sistemica: il caso del Sistema museale del lago di Bolsena, in ibidem, pp. 306-312. 3 Per un approfondimento v. P. TAMBURINI, La lunga vicenda della Carta archeologica e l’agro falisco, in P. TAMBURINI, C. BENOCCI, L. COZ- ZA LUZI, Adolfo Cozza (1848-1910), Perugia 2002, pp. 65-84. III perte, furono sospese anzitempo per il sopraggiungere di altri incarichi ministeriali, che distrassero a lungo e condussero altrove i protagonisti di questa fase pionieristica, i cui risultati, oltretutto, furono pubblicati postumi a quasi un secolo di distanza4. Ma il seme era stato gettato e il testimone dell’opera di Adolfo Cozza venne raccolto in un primo momento da Rodolfo Lanciani (nel 1919) e poi da Giu- seppe Lugli che, nel 1926, fondò la Forma Italiae, vale a dire la pubblicazione analitica per volumi to- pografici del nostro più antico (e maggiormente a rischio) patrimonio storico e monumentale, anch’es- sa sospesa ben presto, ma di nuovo rivitalizzata negli anni Sessanta del secolo scorso a cura di Ferdi- nando Castagnoli5 e affiancata in tempi assai più recenti da analoghi contributi realizzati nell’ambito della Facoltà di Conservazione dei Beni Culturali dell’Università della Tuscia di Viterbo6. Una Carta archeologica come quella che ho il piacere di presentare - fondata sull’integrazione dei documenti editi con i nuovi dati forniti dalle ricognizioni di superficie applicate con metodo scientifi- co e, quindi, finalizzate alla più ampia conoscenza della topografia storica del territorio - da un lato ser- ve a tracciare il percorso per l’affinamento e l’approfondimento delle ricerche successive mentre dal- l’altro fornisce (o, meglio, dovrebbe fornire) agli amministratori locali un formidabile strumento di sal- vaguardia, indispensabile tanto nella pianificazione urbanistica quanto nella scelta delle migliori (in quanto sostenibili) strategie per lo sviluppo di qualunque contesto ambientale che si voglia a dimensio- ne umana. PIETRO TAMBURINI Dottore di ricerca della Sapienza – Università di Roma Coordinatore del Simulabo 4 G.F. GAMURRINI, A. COZZA, A. PASQUI, R. MENGARELLI, Carta Archeologica d’Italia (1881-1897). Materiali per l’Etruria e la Sabina (For- ma Italiae, Serie II, Documenti 1), Firenze 1972. 5 P. TAMBURINI, art. cit a nota 3, p. 65. 6 Si deve a Piero Alfredo Gianfrotta, titolare della cattedra di Topografia antica, questa nuova iniziativa editoriale (per cui v. P.A. GIANFROT- TA, Prefazione, in A. MILIONI, Viterbo I, in Carta Archeologica d’Italia – Contributi, Viterbo 2002, pp. IX-X), di cui sono già stati pubblicati quattro volumi. IV In questi ultimi decenni Farnese e il suo territorio hanno subito una notevole opera di urbanizzazio- ne e trasformazione, che ha portato, come diretta conseguenza, a rinvenimenti archeologici spesso for- tuiti e inaspettati, che attestano la presenza umana fin da tempi molto antichi. Dalla constatazione dell’esistenza di numerosi e rilevanti siti archeologici è quindi nata l’esigenza e la necessità di realizzare una carta archeologica, che fosse non soltanto uno strumento utile per l’atti- vità di ricerca, di tutela e di valorizzazione degli stessi beni archeologici, ma anche un censimento ag- giornato e puntuale dei siti stessi.
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