Interstellar Probe Study Webinar Series

Access to the Outer Solar System

Presenters • Michael Paul • Program Manager, Interstellar Probe Study, Johns Hopkins APL • Robert Stough • Payload Utilization Manager for NASA’s SLS Rocket, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center

12:05 PM EDT Thursday, 9 July 2020

Interstellar Probe Study Website http://interstellarprobe.jhuapl.edu NOW: The Heliosphere and the Local Interstellar Medium Our Habitable Astrosphere Sol G2V Main Sequence 24 km/s Habitable Mira

BZ Camelopardalis

LL Orionis

IRC+10216 Zeta Ophiuchi

Interstellar Probe Study 9 July 2020 2 Voyager – The Accidental Interstellar Explorers Uncovering a New Regime of Space Physics

Global Topology Cosmic Ray Shielding Unexpected Field Direction

Force Balance Not Understood

Required Hydrogen Wall

Measured (Voyager)

Interstellar Probe Study 9 July 2020 3 Opportunities Across Disciplines Modest Cross-Divisional Contributions with High Return Extra-Galactic Background Light Dwarf Planets and KBOs Early galaxy and star formation Solar system formation Today Arrokoth Big Bang 13.7 Gya

First Stars & Galaxies Circum-Solar Dust Disk ~13Gya Imprint of solar system evolution

Sol 4.6 Ga HL-Tau 1 Ma!

Poppe+2019

Interstellar Probe Study 9 July 2020 4 Earth-- Sequences • Point Solutions indicated per year (capped at C3 = 312.15km2/s2)

C3 Speed Dest. 2037 2 2 Year Date (km /s ) CA_J (rJ) CA_S (rS) (AU/yr) (Lon, Lat)

2036 17 Sept 182.66 1.05 2.0 5.954 (247,0)

2038

2037 15 Oct 312.15 1.05 2.0 7.985 (230,0)

2038 14 Nov 312.15 1.05 2.0 7.563 (241,0.1)

2036 2039 2039 15 Nov 274.65 1.05 2.0 5.055 (256,0.3)

Interstellar Probe Study 9 July 2020 5 INTERSTELLAR PROBE

Robert Stough SLS /Payload Integration & Evolution (SPIE)

July 9, 2020

0760 SLS EVOLVABILITY FOUNDATION FOR A GENERATION OF DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION 322 ft. Up to 313 ft. 365 ft. 325 ft. 365 ft. 355 ft.

Universal Universal Stage Adapter Launch Abort Stage Adapter System 5m Class 8.4m Fairing 8.4m Fairing Fairing Short (Up to 63’) Long (Up to 90’) (up to 63’) Exploration Exploration Exploration Interim Upper Stage Upper Stage Upper Stage Cryogenic PropulsionLaunch Vehicle Stage Interstage Interstage Interstage Stage Adapter

Core Stage Core Stage Core Stage

Solid Solid Evolved Rocket Rocket Boosters Boosters Boosters RS-25 RS-25 Engines Engines

SLS Block 1 SLS Block 1 SLS Block 1B Crew SLS Block 1B Cargo SLS Block 2 Crew SLS Block 2 Cargo Cargo > 27 t (59.5k lbs) > 27 t (59.5k lbs) 38 t (83.7k lbs) 42 t (92.5k lbs) > 43 t (94.7k lbs) > 46 t (101.4k lbs) Payload to TLI/Moon Inaugural flight late 2020s

0760 IS THIS ROCKET REAL?

0760 SLS BLOCK 1 CONFIGURATION

Launch Abort System (LAS) P Utah, Alabama, Florida P Orion Stage Adapter, California, Alabama Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle P RL10 Engine , 5 Segment Solid Rocket , Louisiana, KSC P Florida Booster (2) Interim Cryogenic , Propulsion Stage (ICPS) P Utah, KSC /, California, Alabama

Launch Vehicle Stage Adapter Teledyne Brown Engineering, California, Alabama P

Core Stage & Avionics Boeing P Louisiana, Alabama

RS-25 Engine (4) PAerojet Rocketdyne California, Mississippi P = Completed

0760 ARTEMIS I SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERS BEGIN ASSMEBLY AT KSC

The Artemis I vehicle is being assembled!

0760 CORE STAGE GREEN RUN IN PROGRESS

0760 ARTEMIS I UPPER STAGE, ADAPTERS COMPLETE

0760 LARGEST STRUCTURAL TESTING CAMPAIGN SINCE COMPLETE

0760 SLS PROGRESS TOWARD ARTEMIS II

OSA welding Core stage forward skirt tank tank

RS-25s engines complete, All Booster motor Intertank OSA diaphragm complete controllers green run segments complete 0760 THIRD FLIGHT & BLOCK 1B/2 PROGRESS

BOLE subscale Universal Stage Adapter manufacturing RL-10s complete motor test fire demonstration article

RS-25 HIP-bonded main combustion chamber EUS weld confidence, development articles Additively manufactured pogo accumulator 0760 AN INTERSTELLAR ROCKET

0760 SLS BLOCK 1B/2 CARGO CONFIGURATION

8.4m Fairing, Short (Up to 63’)

Primary Payload

Payload Adapter

Solid Rocket RL10 Engine (4) Booster (2) (EUS)

Interstage

Core Stage

RS-25 Engine (4)

0760 SLS VEHICLE AND PERFORMANCE Block 2 Block 1B Block 1B/2 evolution path: Block 1 • Initial configuration (2025) – Heritage RS-25 running at 109% RPL • Intermediate (2026-2028) – New production RS-25 engines running at 111% RPL • Final (2029-) New production RS-25 engines and enhanced performance boosters

Vehicle Predicted Performance • Vehicle mass includes mass growth allowance and manufacturing variation • Nominal performance for RS25s and (mean Isp and ) • Low performing booster • Manager’s reserve is held back SLS Block 1B/2 future upgrades further increase performance SLS quoted performance is conservative

0760 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Block 2 Block 1B Block 1 Block 1B/2 vehicle updates • EUS is now optimized for lunar destinations • Additional system mass savings, flight techniques and other propulsion system enhancements were implemented • Payload cryogenic propellant loading is currently planned for the Block 1B Mobile Launch Platform (MLP)

Block 1B Booster Obsolescence and Life Extension (BOLE) • Design Analysis Cycle 1 (DAC1) is underway • Following results reflect the updated booster design

0760 SLS C3 PERFORMANCE

Block 2 Block 1B Block 1

SLS performance is optimized for lunar destinations Additional stages are needed for higher C3 destinations

0760 ADDITIONAL STAGES FOR HIGHER C3 DESTINATIONS

• Manager’s Reserve – Allocated across all upper stages (incl. EUS) based on the stage wet mass – Approach preserves staging benefits at varying C3s • Fairing: – All 3rd and 4th stages are encapsulated under the 8.4m short Payload Fairing (PLF) – Minimizes the risk of stage requalification – Removes alternate configurations for the SLS vehicle (OML changes) • Upper stages: – Existing stages in production – Estimated Flight Performance Reserve – Solid performance nominal – 3rd Stages Assessed: • 30B (NGIS provided data) • Castor 30XL (NGIS provided data) • (Government Estimate) – 4th Stages Assessed: • BV (NGIS provided data) • Star48 GXV (NGIS provided data) • Stage adapters: – Sized with NASA MSFC sizing tool, Analysis (LVA) • 35 years of heritage – Composite Adaptor (CF +Al-HC) with interface rings – 18% MGA Using existing hardware and a low risk engineering approach

0760 UPDATED C3 PERFORMANCE

Spacecraft 4th Stage

3rd Stage

SLS EUS & Adapter

New Horizons 2 3 1

Low C3 Range High C3 Range 1) Passive Jupiter Flyby 2) Jupiter Powered Flyby 3) Solar Oberth Maneuver

0760 REPRESENTATIVE TRAJECTORY

Recall Specific Energy of the Orbit Centaur Burn ∆ ! = − = Star48BV Burn EUS Separation E

The deeper in the gravity well the maneuver Centaur Separation the greater the increase in orbital energy (Oberth Effect)

EUS Ascent Burn

EUS Parking Orbit (1rev) EUS 2nd Burn Core Stage Separation

EUS Orbit Insertion Core Stage Flight

EUS Separation

0760 SLS CAN ENABLE BREAKTHROUGH SCIENCE MISSIONS

• SLS is America’s heavy-lift vehicle for strategic human exploration and scientific missions

• Manufacturing is complete for the first flight; SLS is nearing the integration phase

• SLS has a flexible architecture and an evolvable upgrade path

• Discussions with the science community are ongoing to determine how SLS can enable breakthrough science missions, such as sending a probe to interstellar space

0760 0760 ARTEMIS I SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERS COMPLETE

0760 Question and Answer Session Interstellar Probe Study Webinar Series

Into the Unknown Local Interstellar Cloud

Presenters • Elena Provornikova • Lead Scientist for Heliophysics, Interstellar Probe Study, APL • Seth Redfield • Associate Professor of Astronomy, Wesleyan University • Rosine Lallement • Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres

12:05 PM EDT Thursday, 23 July 2020

Interstellar Probe Study Website http://interstellarprobe.jhuapl.edu Interstellar Probe Study Website http://interstellarprobe.jhuapl.edu