DOCSLIB.ORG

The Vindicators of Shakespeare

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

THE VINDICATORS OF SHAKESPEARE A REPLY TO CRITICS «8> TOGETHER WITH SOME REMARKS ON DR. WALLACE'S "NEW SHAKESPEARE DISCOVERIES." BY G. G. GREENWOOD, M.P. AUTHOR OF " THE SHAKESPEARE PROBLEM RESTATED " " are While these censors 'twould be sin to spare. " While such are critics why should I forbear ? Byron. LONDON : SWEETING and Co. 4 DYERS BUILDINGS HOLBORN BARS E.C. PRINTED BY PAGE AND THOMAS LTD. HOLBORN BARS E.C. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART I. THE VINDICATORS OF SHAKESPEARE. PAGE THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND AFTER - - 12 - - - SIR TITTLEBAT TOPLOFTY . 14 - - - THE FOLIO OF 1640 ! 15 " THE INTRODUCTION TO A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S " - - - - - DREAM ! 20 VISOR OF WINCOT - - - - - 22 AUGUSTIN NICOLAS 23 MY COURTEOUS CRITIC - - - -24 LADY SOUTHAMPTON'S ACCOUNT - - 28 " " - THE DEFAMERS OF SHAKESPEARE ! 32 " " " " GENIUS AND ENVIRONMENT - - 37 THE CASE OF BURNS - - - "38 THE CASE OF BUNYAN - - - 41 THE CASE OF PLAUTUS - - - "44 " " " " SHAKSPERE OR SHAKESPEARE - 50 THE FIRST FOLIO - - - 5 2 MANY PENS CONTRIBUTED TO THE FOLIO - 56 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE the burbages and the earl of pembroke - 59 chettle's supposed allusion - - 65 " " the meaning of quality - - 68 " " the parnassus plays - - - 70 " " imaginary stratford references - 73 shakespeare and sport 76 the two stratfordian schools - - 78 lord campbell on shakespeare's law - 80 mrs. stopes on shakspere's aunts and shak- - - spere's law - - 91 miss marie corelli on shakspere's marriage LICENCE ----- 94 CANON BEECHING - - - - * 97 THE CANON OBJECTS TO "AUTHORITY" - 100 " " SHAKSPERE'S SCRIPTS ... 102 " " INSANITARY STRATFORD - - - 104 JONSON'S ODE TO BACON - - - 106 SHAKSPERE AND RICHARD FIELD - - I08 " " PARNASSUS AGAIN .... IIX DAVIES OF HEREFORD - - - - m THE CASE OF TERENCE - - - - 115 SHAKSPERE AND LORD SOUTHAMPTON - - Il6 THE JONSONIAN RIDDLE - - - - Il8 " " WHAT IS A LIE ? - - - - 119 HENSLOWE'S DIARY .... I2 i " " SUFFLAMINANDUS ERAT - - 122 " " THE VERY LATEST OF ORTHODOX BIOGRAPHIES 125 MR. J. M. ROBERTSON ON THE LEARNING OF SHAKESPEARE .... ^2 CRITICS AND REVIEWERS - - - 143 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART II. A TYPICAL STRATFORDIAN ESSAY. PAGE THE DEER-STEALING STORY - - - 148 THE CRAB-TREE STORY - 153 CHETTLE AGAIN - - - - - 1 54 SHAKSPERE AND THE ENCLOSURE OF THE COMMON FIELDS ----- 156 " " WARWICKSHIRE WORDS AND LOCAL ALLUSIONS 1 62 THE MARRIAGE LICENCE AGAIN - - 1 69 "NON TALI AUXILIO" ... - 170 PART III. DR. WALLACE'S "NEW SHAKESPEARE DISCOVERIES" - - - - 172 " " NOTE ON THE NAME SHAKESPEARE - - I98 ADDENDUM ----- 211 PART I. THE VINDICATORS OF SHAKESPEARE A REPLY TO CRITICS <8> While these are censors 'twould be sin to spare. While such are critics why should I forbear ? —Byron. HAVE been told by an unknown adviser I in the public press, that it is very unwise to answer criticism. But, surely, the application of such a rule must depend both on the nature of the criticism, and the character of the work criticised. A poet, or a novelist, is generally very ill-advised if he attempts a reply to his critics. But where the subject matter is essentially controversial, to remain silent like a lamb before his shearer, is to leave untenable and misleading arguments unanswered, and to give a free hand to misunderstanding and mis- representation. This, in the interest of the controversy itself, and of the object in view, viz., the discovery of truth, I am unwilling to do, nor io VINDICATORS OF SHAKESPEARE am I altogether content to sit patiently in the stocks while certain of the boy-scouts of literature use me as a target for their clods of criticism. " In Jonsonian phrase, I therefore will begin." In June, 1908, I published, through Mr. John " Lane, of The Bodley Head," a book bearing title The Shakespeare Problem Restated, in which I endeavoured to set forth the arguments which seem to me to support the case of those who hold that Shakspere, the Stratford player, was not, in truth and in fact, the author of the plays and poems given to the world under the name of " Shakespeare," while leaving the question of the true authorship absolutely untouched. I pub- lished the work with some anxiety, for, as I wrote in my Preface, I had a shrewd idea of the sort of " treatment which would be meted out to it. The High Priests of Literature will treat it," I said, " with frigid and contemptuous silence. The College of Stratfordian Cardinals will at once put it on the Index. The Grand — or — Inquisitors, Inquisitress ! of the Temple by Avon's sacred stream will decree that it shall be burnt (meta- phorically, at any rate), by the common hangman, ' and The Brilliant Young Man,' who has, perhaps, bestowed half an hour to the subject, and therefore understands it in every detail, will, if he should condescend to notice it at all, see in it VINDICATORS OF SHAKESPEARE n a grand opportunity for once more convulsing the world with his side-splitting original joke about ' gammon of Bacon,' or his famous paradox that ' " There is no Learning but Ignorance.' l I might have added that every Demetrius the silversmith, who makes images for the shrine at Stratford (and their name is Legion), would be ready to " raise the cry, as of old time, our craft is in " danger to be set at naught ! Nevertheless I have been agreeably surprised. The book has met with more success than I had ventured to anticipate, both in this country and the United States. It has received the abuse of those whose abuse I value, and, what is still better, the praise of those whose praise I estimate even more highly than that stimulating abuse. Financially, too, it has done well, and I am happy to be able to ' ' assure those good-natured critics, (if indeed there were more than one), who thought it seemly to prophecy grievous loss to the author, that the work has not only paid its way, but has earned, and is still earning, considerable profit. All which is not a little encouraging to those of the unorthodox faith. " 1 As to The Brilliant Young Man," so conspicuous at the present day, —for truly he does not hide his light under a bushel, —I would refer the reader to an article under this title in the Westminster Gazette, of January 16th, 1904, and in The West- " minster Budget, of January 29th, 1904, signed Digamma." 12 VINDICATORS OF SHAKESPEARE The book has, however, been naturally subjected to much criticism, some of it not a little severe. It is true that the leviathans of literature have, as I anticipated, not condescended to take much notice of it, but have left the battle to the small fry. The Dreadnoughts have remained at their moorings, while the submarines have been despatched to the attack. But the torpedoes which have been launched have proved to be of " " the soft-nosed variety, and, although the hull may have been slightly damaged in places, the threatened ship still rides the waves of controversy. And now, dropping metaphor, I will deal fairly and squarely with that criticism which has mainly prompted this rejoinder. "The Nineteenth Century and After" The Nineteenth Century (March and April, 1909), published two long articles from the pen of Sir " Edward Sullivan, under the title of The Defamers of Shakespeare," directed partly against the late Judge Webb, but in the main, and, indeed, almost entirely, against my humble self, as the author of The Shakespeare Problem Re- stated. Thereupon I tendered a request to the Editor for a like amount of space for a reply. This was not granted to me, but I was graciously allowed one article wherein to answer Sir Edward's VINDICATORS OF SHAKESPEARE. 13 double-barrelled onslaught, and, knowing that the doubter of the Stratfordian faith meets in " " orthodox quarters with rather worse treat- ment than that which was accorded to the religious heretic of old, I trust I was properly thankful for such a concession. This article was given a place in the June number of the Review, under the " title of The Vindicators of Shakespeare." And here, I fondly thought, was an end of the matter so far as the Nineteenth Century was concerned ; but, lo! in the August number there appeared " ' two more Shakespearean articles, one on " " Francis Bacon as a Poet," again by Sir Edward " Sullivan, Bart.," the other A Last Word to Mr. George Greenwood, by the Rev. Canon Beeching." Sir Edward's article, like the scorpion, carried its sting (a very venomous one) in the tail, while the nature of the Canon's paper may be gathered from its title. Now, as this was the first time that the reverend controver- sialist had done me the honour to attack me in The Nineteenth Century, and as, moreover, my " " assailant of the bloody hand had taken the " " opportunity of his article on Francis Bacon to make a vicious stab at me, I humbly conceived it would only be just and in accordance with the ordinary rules of fair-play, in the observance of which British journalism is so honourably distin- 14 VINDICATORS OF SHAKESPEARE guished, that I should be permitted to publish a brief article in self-defence. This, however, the Editor declined to allow. I forbear to comment. I only ask the reader to be so kind as to give his attention to what follows, and to judge for himself. I will deal first with Sir Edward Sullivan. Sir Edward, for some reason which I have so far been unable to appreciate, apparently thinks himself entitled to write in a very superior, " " didactic, de hant en has, or Pomponius Ego style. It is, it would seem, an act of immense condescension on his part to criticise my work at all, and I trust I am duly sensible of the honour done me, though I fear the irreverent have not always taken him quite so seriously as his manner would seem to require.
Recommended publications
  • The History, Printing, and Editing of the Returne from Pernassus

    The History, Printing, and Editing of the Returne from Pernassus

    W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1-2009 The History, Printing, and Editing of The Returne from Pernassus Christopher A. Adams College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Recommended Citation Adams, Christopher A., "The History, Printing, and Editing of The Returne from Pernassus" (2009). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 237. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/237 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The History, Printing, and Editing of The Returne from Pernassus A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in English from The College of William and Mary by Christopher A. Adams Accepted for____________________________ (Honors, High Honors, Highest Honors ) _________________________ ___________________________ Paula Blank , Director Monica Potkay , Committee Chair English Department English Department _________________________ ___________________________ Erin Minear George Greenia English Department Modern Language Department Williamsburg, VA December, 2008 1 The History, Printing, and Editing of The Returne from Pernassus 2 Dominus illuminatio mea -ceiling panels of Duke Humfrey’s Library, Oxford 3 Acknowledgments I am deeply indebted to my former adviser, Dr. R. Carter Hailey, for starting me on this pilgrimage with the Parnassus plays. He not only introduced me to the world of Parnassus , but also to the wider world of bibliography. Through his help and guidance I have discovered a fascinating field of research.
  • Summer 2007 Shakespeare Matters Page 

    Summer 2007 Shakespeare Matters Page 

    Summer 2007 Shakespeare Matters page 6:4 “Let me not to the marriage of true minds admit impediments...” Summer 2007 11th Annual Shake- speare Authorship Shakespeare—Who Studies Conference Convenes held the Pen? By Bonner Miller Cutting and Earl Showerman Insights Meets Research By Alan Stott oncordia Uni- versity hosted The man of letters is, in truth, ever writing his own biogra- Cits11th an- phy. — Anthony Trollope (1815–82). nual Shakespeare Authorship Studies The marvel of Shakespeare’s genius is that in his secular mir- Conference from ror the divine light also shines. April 12 to 15th, an — John Middleton Murry. occasion marked by many seminal very theatregoer and every reader can perceive the authentic papers, the launch voice, can sense the spirit, in and behind the work of the of the first graduate- Eworld’s leading dramatic poet, known as “William Shake- level programs in speare.” The First Folio (1623) of his collected plays, however, authorship studies, was only published years after his death. Of the actor, one Wil- and the signing of liam Shakespere (1564–1616) — the name never spelt as in the the “Declaration of First Folio — very little is known. Apparently neither manuscript Reasonable Doubt nor letter is extant. The many enigmas surrounding the whole about the Identity phenomenon comprise “the authorship question.” The identity of William Shake- of the Bard, according to Emerson (1803–1882), is “the first of speare.” While this all literary problems.” John Michell1 surveys the candidates with report will attempt a commendable fairness, outlining the history of the search for to summarize the the man who held the pen.
  • Statutes and Rules for the British Museum

    Statutes and Rules for the British Museum

    (ft .-3, (*y Of A 8RI A- \ Natural History Museum Library STATUTES AND RULES BRITISH MUSEUM STATUTES AND RULES FOR THE BRITISH MUSEUM MADE BY THE TRUSTEES In Pursuance of the Act of Incorporation 26 George II., Cap. 22, § xv. r 10th Decembei , 1898. PRINTED BY ORDER OE THE TRUSTEES LONDON : MDCCCXCYIII. PRINTED BY WOODFALL AND KINDER, LONG ACRE LONDON TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I. PAGE Meetings, Functions, and Privileges of the Trustees . 7 CHAPTER II. The Director and Principal Librarian . .10 Duties as Secretary and Accountant . .12 The Director of the Natural History Departments . 14 CHAPTER III. Subordinate Officers : Keepers and Assistant Keepers 15 Superintendent of the Reading Room . .17 Assistants . 17 Chief Messengers . .18 Attendance of Officers at Meetings, etc. -19 CHAPTER IV. Admission to the British Museum : Reading Room 20 Use of the Collections 21 6 CHAPTER V, Security of the Museum : Precautions against Fire, etc. APPENDIX. Succession of Trustees and Officers . Succession of Officers in Departments 7 STATUTES AND RULES. CHAPTER I. Of the Meetings, Functions, and Privileges of the Trustees. 1. General Meetings of the Trustees shall chap. r. be held four times in the year ; on the second Meetings. Saturday in May and December at the Museum (Bloomsbury) and on the fourth Saturday in February and July at the Museum (Natural History). 2. Special General Meetings shall be sum- moned by the Director and Principal Librarian (hereinafter called the Director), upon receiving notice in writing to that effect signed by two Trustees. 3. There shall be a Standing Committee, standing . • Committee. r 1 1 t-» • 1 t> 1 consisting 01 the three Principal 1 rustees, the Trustee appointed by the Crown, and sixteen other Trustees to be annually appointed at the General Meeting held on the second Saturday in May.
  • On the Rise and Progress of Popular Disaffection,” in Es- Says, Moral and Political, 2 Vols

    On the Rise and Progress of Popular Disaffection,” in Es- Says, Moral and Political, 2 Vols

    Notes Introduction 1. Robert Southey, “On the Rise and Progress of Popular Disaffection,” in Es- says, Moral and Political, 2 vols. (1817; London: John Murray, 1832), II, 82. The identity of Junius remained a mystery, and even Edmund Burke was suspected. For an argument that he was Sir Philip Francis, see Alvar Ellegård, Who Was Junius? (The Hague, 1962). 2. Byron, “The Vision of Judgment” in Lord Byron: The Complete Poetical Works, ed. Jerome J. McGann and Barry Weller, 7 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980–92), VI, 309–45. 3. M. H. Abrams, Natural Supernaturalism: Tradition and Revolution in Ro- mantic Literature (New York: W. W. Norton, 1971), p. 13. 4. See Anne K. Mellor, English Romantic Irony (Cambridge: Harvard Univer- sity Press, 1980). 5. Jerome J. McGann, The Romantic Ideology: A Critical Investigation (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1983), pp. 23–24. 6. Jerome J. McGann, Towards a Literature of Knowledge (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989), p. 39. 7. McGann, Towards a Literature of Knowledge, p. 39. 8. McGann, “Literary Pragmatics and the Editorial Horizon,” in Devils and Angels: Textual Editing and Literary Theory, ed. Philip Cohen (Charlottesville and London: University Press of Virginia, 1991), pp. 1–21 (13). 9. Marilyn Butler, “Satire and the Images of Self in the Romantic Period: The Long Tradition of Hazlitt’s Liber Amoris,” in English Satire and the Satiric Tradition, ed. Claude Rawson (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984), 209–25 (209). 10. Stuart Curran, Poetic Form and British Romanticism (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), pp. 12–13. 11. Gary Dyer, British Satire and the Politics of Style, 1789–1832 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
  • Performance, Professionalization, and the Early Modern English Schoolmaster Michael Andrew Albright Lehigh University, Maa206@Lehigh.Edu

    Performance, Professionalization, and the Early Modern English Schoolmaster Michael Andrew Albright Lehigh University, [email protected]

    Lehigh University Lehigh Preserve Theses and Dissertations 1-1-2013 You're a teacher because you say you are: Performance, Professionalization, and the Early Modern English Schoolmaster Michael Andrew Albright Lehigh University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://preserve.lehigh.edu/etd Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Albright, Michael Andrew, "You're a teacher because you say you are: Performance, Professionalization, and the Early Modern English Schoolmaster" (2013). Theses and Dissertations. 4263. https://preserve.lehigh.edu/etd/4263 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Lehigh Preserve. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Lehigh Preserve. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “You’re a teacher because you say you are”: Performance, Professionalization, and the Early Modern English Schoolmaster by Michael Andrew Albright A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate and Research Committee of Lehigh University in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English Lehigh University May 20, 2013 © 2013 Copyright Michael A. Albright ii Approved and recommended for acceptance as a dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Michael A. Albright “You’re a teacher because you say you are”: Performance, Professionalization, and the Early Modern English Schoolmaster Dr. Barbara H. Traister Dissertation Director Approved Date Committee Members: Dr. Scott Paul Gordon Dr. Jenna Lay Dr. Edward Shapiro iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Without the unwavering support of my family, friends, and professors, this project would not have come to fruition.
  • J20 Redux.Pdf

    J20 Redux.Pdf

    JUCH (CARL WILHELM). - -- tr. See PHARMACOPOEA BORUSSICA. Pharmacopoea Borussica, oder Preussische Pharmacopoe. JUCH (HERMANN PAULUS). - -- praes. Diss. ... de empyemate, quarr ... submittit auctor J.C. Hennigk. Erfordiae (1748.) QP. 825/25. - -- resp. See STAHL (G.E.) praes. JUCHEM (CHRISTIANUS HENDRICUS VAN). - -- Diss. med de variolis, atque actione miasmatis variolosi. Lugd. Bat., 1755. QP. 1108/3. JUCHHOFF (RUDOLF). - -- Aus der Welt des Bibliothekars. Festschrift für Rudolf Juchhoff zum 65. Geburtstag. Hrsg. von K. Ohly und W. Krieg. Köln, 1961. .02(43) Juc. - -- Kölner Schule; Festgabe zum 60. Geburtstag von Rudolf Juchhoff ... Hrsg. von H. Corsten und G. Lohse. [Arb. a. d. Bibl. Lehrinst. d. Landes Nordrhein -Westfalen, Hft. 7.] Köln, 1957. .0204 Juc. - -- Sammelkatalog der biographischen und literarkritischen Werke zu englischen Schriftstellern des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts, 1830 -1958; Verzeichnis der Bestände in deutschen Bibliotheken. Unter Mitarbeit von H. Föhl zusammengestellt von R.J. Krefeld, n.d. Ref. .82016 Juc. JUCIUS (MICHAEL JAMES). - -- Personnel management. Rev. ed. 3rd pr. Chicago, 1951. 6583 .aa JUCKER (ERNST). - -- See KARRER (P.) and J. (E.) JUCKER (HANS). - -- Vom Verhältnis der Römer zur bildenden Kunst der Griechen. Frankfurt am Main [1950.] 07)1-11. 7(5q) 7C37 -3s) JUG. JUCKER- FLEETWOOD (ERIN ELVER). - -- Economic theory and policy in Finland, 1914 -1925. [Basle Centre for Econ. and Financial Res. Publ. Ser. B, No. 1.] Oxford [1958.1 .33(471) Juc. - -- Money and finance in Africa; the experience of Ghana, Morocco, Nigeria, the Rhodesias and Nyasaland, the Sudan, and Tunisia, from the establishment of their central banks until 1962. [Basle Centre for Econ. and Financial Res. Ser. B, No.
  • Romeo at the Rose in 1598

    Romeo at the Rose in 1598

    Issues in Review 149 66 Beeston is one of six men at the Red Bull named in an order for repair of the high- ways by the theatre, dated 3 October 1622; see Bentley, The Jacobean and Caroline Stage, 1.169 n.2. As he had managed Queen Anne’s Men there, and returned there with them after the 1617 riot, it appears that he owned, and continued to own, the theatre. 67 For ‘bifold appeal’ see discussion in Rutter, Work and Play, 110. 68 Exceptions include the Red Bull Revels’ Two Merry Milkmaids, at court in 1619/20, and Gramercy Wit in 1621; see Bentley, The Jacobean and Caroline Stage, 1.173. Romeo at the Rose in 1598 In two plays of the Lord Admiral’s Men — Englishmen for My Money and The Two Angry Women of Abingdon — echoes of Romeo and Juliet appear.1 The first performances of Englishmen took place at the Rose in 1598. Two Angry Women is likely to have played at the same venue in the same year. What may these echoes tell us about the ethos and practices of the Lord Admiral’s Men, about the dramatists who wrote for them, and about the company’s place in the literary and dramatic milieu of the time? I want to argue that the presence of these echoes reveals a degree of inte- gration into urban literary fashion. And I will also suggest that some of the company’s playwrights exhibit the kind of knowing playfulness that was soon to characterize the repertory of the children’s companies and which was already shaping the satires and epigrams to reach print publication at this time.
  • Joan Plantagenet: the Fair Maid of Kent by Susan W

    Joan Plantagenet: the Fair Maid of Kent by Susan W

    RICE UNIVERSITY JOAN PLANTAGANET THE FAIR MAID OF KENT by Susan W. Powell A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts Thesis Director's Signature: Houston, Texas April, 1973 ABSTRACT Joan Plantagenet: The Fair Maid of Kent by Susan W. Powell Joan plantagenet, Known as the Fair Maid of Kent, was born in 1328. She grew to be one of the most beautiful and influential women of her age, Princess of Wales by her third marriage and mother of King Richard II. The study of her life sheds new light on the role of an intelligent woman in late fourteenth century England and may reveal some new insights into the early regnal years of her son. There are several aspects of Joan of Kent's life which are of interest. The first chapter will consist of a biographical sketch to document the known facts of a life which spanned fifty-seven years of one of the most vivid periods in English history. Joan of Kent's marital history has been the subject of historical confusion and debate. The sources of that confusion will be discussed, the facts clarified, and a hypothesis suggested as to the motivations behind the apparent actions of the personages involved. There has been speculation that it was Joan of Kent's garter for which the Order of the Garter was named. This theory was first advanced by Selden and has persisted in this century in the articles of Margaret Galway. It has been accepted by May McKisack and other modern historians.
  • Redacted Thesis (PDF, 12Mb)

    Redacted Thesis (PDF, 12Mb)

    Victorian Egyptology and the Making of a Colonial Field Science, 1850 – 1906 by Meira Gold Wolfson College Department of History and Philosophy of Science This thesis is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date of Submission: December 2019 Declaration This thesis is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. I further state that no substantial part of my thesis has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It does not exceed the prescribed word limit for the History and Philosophy of Science Degree Committee. Abstract Victorian Egyptology and the Making of a Colonial Field Science, 1850-1906 Meira Gold This dissertation provides a new account of the origins of archaeological fieldwork in the Nile Delta. It considers how practitioners from diverse disciplinary backgrounds circulated knowledge about the built environment of pharaonic ruins: monuments, architecture, burials, and soil mounds that remained in situ. I trace the development of Egyptology from an activity that could be practiced long-distance through a network of informants to one that required first-hand field experience.
  • I Never Heard Mrs Macaulay^ Was Supposed to Write Junius,S Nor Know Anything of Her Owning Those Papers

    I Never Heard Mrs Macaulay^ Was Supposed to Write Junius,S Nor Know Anything of Her Owning Those Papers

    52 To SIR EDWARD WALPOLE 28 APRIL 1769 I never heard Mrs Macaulay^ was supposed to write Junius,s nor know anything of her owning those papers. I have heard they were written by a merchant, which is not very probable. In general I think opinions are divided between Lord George Sackville,6 Will. Burke,7 not Edmund, and Mclean.8 For myself, I think both the style and matter make it most probable that the first is the author— some circumstances however are against that opinion. The attack on Westons looks like the second, as one should suppose the author well acquainted with the Secretary's office; some persons too think the style resembles that of the occasional writer three years ago, who was certainly Will. Burke: but to me Junius is a more concise and better writer. I am not acquainted with either Mclean's style or parts. In short, you see I have told you what I don't know. Yours ever H.W. 4. Catherine Sawbridge (1731-91), m. 1 been considered a strong candidate (MANN (1760) George Macaulay; m. 2 (1778) vii. 165, 188, 247-8; Namier and Brooke William Graham; the historian and re­ ii. 467-8; Letters of Junius, ed. C. W. publican, of whom Dr Johnson declared, Everett, 1927, pp. 382-7), but T. H. Bow­ 'To endeavour to make her ridiculous, is yer (op. cit. p. xix) concludes that 'the like blacking the chimney' (Boswell's identity of Junius remains unsettled.' Life of Johnson, ed. G. B. Hill and F. L.
  • A Pilgrim of Historiography: Byron and the Discourses of History in Early Nineteenth-Century Britain

    A Pilgrim of Historiography: Byron and the Discourses of History in Early Nineteenth-Century Britain

    A Pilgrim of Historiography – Ivan Pregnolato A Pilgrim of Historiography: Byron and the Discourses of History in Early Nineteenth-Century Britain Ivan Pregnolato, BA, MA Thesis Submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2015 Page 1 of 363 A Pilgrim of Historiography – Ivan Pregnolato Abstract This thesis aims to understand Byron’s œuvre in relation to the discourses of history in early nineteenth-century Britain. As a contribution to the historicist critical approaches of the past decades, my dissertation discusses the different ideas surrounding the concept of ‘history’ in the first two decades of the 1800s, a period marked by change. As shown, these discourses of history were notorious for their heterogeneity and, by analysing Byron’s poetry and letters, it becomes evident that Byron engaged with these multiple interpretations as well. Roughly, three types of discourses of history are discussed below: the classical knowledge which was perpetuated in the educational system of the time and discussed in travelogues; the whig interpretation of history and the teleological concept of ‘liberty’ through time; and the idea of powerful forces that act ‘behind’ history, such as economics and the inseparability of power embedded in creating historical narratives. This thesis concludes that is impossible to speak of a single Byronic historical narrative and, rather, argues that Byron’s texts espouse pluralistic conceptualisations of history. Page 2 of 363 A Pilgrim of Historiography – Ivan Pregnolato To my mother ‘A fila anda…’ Page 3 of 363 A Pilgrim of Historiography – Ivan Pregnolato Acknowledgements Several people have helped me in the years that it has taken to write this thesis.
  • AW. Pollard and Twentieth-Century Shakespeare Editing

    AW. Pollard and Twentieth-Century Shakespeare Editing

    Shakespeare, More or Less: A-W. Pollard and Twentieth-Century Shakespeare Editing Paul Werstine Those who have disputed Shakespeare’s authorship of the plays and poems usually attributed to him have been inclined to name the eminent Shakespeare scholars who have vilified the anti-Stratfordian cause. In the Preface to his 1908 book The Shakes­ peare Problem Restated, the urbane Sir Granville George Greenwood quoted Sidney Lee, then chair of Shakespeare’s Birthplace Trust, mocking the Baconian theory as ‘“foolish craze,’ ‘morbid psychology,’ ‘madhouse chatter”’ (vii) and John Churton Collins, chair of English Literature at the University of Birmingham, denouncing it as “‘ignorance and vanity”’ (viii). More recendy, Charlton Ogburn has listed among the detractors of the Oxfordian theory Louis B. Wright, former director of the Folger Shakespeare Library (154, 161,168); S. Schoenbaum, author of Shakespeare’s Lives, which devotes one hundred pages “to denigration of...anti-Stratfordian articles and books” (152); and Harvard Shakespeare professors G. Blakemore Evans and Harry Levin (256-57). In view of the energy and labour expended by numerous prominent scholars defending Shakespearean authorship, it is not surprising to dis­ cover that this defence has influenced reception of Shakespeare’s works and their edi­ torial reproductions. This essay deals with the very successful resistance movement against the anti-Stratfordians that was led by A.W. Pollard from 1916 to 1923, and with the peculiar influence that Pollard’s efforts have continued to exert, even upon today’s Shakespeare editors. FlorUegium 16 (1999) Like those Shakespeareans mentioned by Greenwood and Ogburn, Pollard, as an editor of the important bibliographical and editorial quarterly The Library and as Keeper of Printed Books at the British Museum, was well placed to fend off anti-Stratfordians.