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Acacia Nilotica Index A Algae Aberrant crypt foci (ACF), 29 cattle health and diseases, 642–643 Abrasive wound model, 546 cultures and extracts, 503 Acacia nilotica, see Babool (Acacia nilotica) Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 143 ACANIL, 106 Alkali-treated neem seed cake (ATNSC), 44 Accelerated stability test, 770–772 Alkaloids Acceptable daily intake (ADI), 802 Allium sativum, 571 Acetaminophen, 107 cancer, 607 Acetylcholine (ACh) receptors, 78 feed additive, 355 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 139 gastrointestinal (GI) conditions, 471 Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, 75 plant-derived immunomodulators, 594 Acetyl-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), 374 Allergic asthma, 16 AChE-inhibiting peptides, 405 Allergic dermatitis, 566 Acid detergent fibre (ADF), 42 Allergic reactions, see Hypersensitivity disorders Actaea racemosa L., see Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.) Allergy, 16–17 Action potential (AP), 74 Allium cepa, see Onion (Allium cepa) Active immunity, veterinary vaccines for, 245–246 Allium sativum, see Garlic (Allium sativum) Acyl-CoA synthase, 75 Allium ursinum, 571, 628 Adaptive immune system, 245 Aloe vera Adenium obesum, 485, 563 dermatitis, 564, 565 Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), 75 gastrointestinal (GI) conditions, 468 Adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK), 58, 75, 197 periodontal disease, 457–458 Adulticides, 625 wound healing, 565 Advanced periodontitis, 449 Alpha (α)-linolenic acid (ALA), 124, 403–404, 677 Adverse events (AEs), 148 α-pinene, 139, 575 Affinity, 247 Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 395, 688 Aflatoxin, 95 berberine, 74 Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), 85, 760 cannabinoids, 131 Aggression, 182 epigallocatechin-3-gallate, 196 Aging Amebiasis, 239 characteristics, 383 American Feed Industry Association (AFIA), 356, 358 Drosophila melanogaster, 687 American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, 143 external factors, 383 American Veterinary Dental College (AVDC), 447 free radical theory, 384–385 American Veterinary Medical Association, 777 immunologic theory, 385–386 Amino acids (AAs), 834 internal factors, 383 cancer, 613–614 in vivo model, 385–386 equine medicine, 653–654 mitochondrial decline theory, 385 gastrointestinal (GI) conditions, 472–473 nutrition effect, 383 inflammation, 590 quality of life, 384 2-Aminobutyric acid (2-AB), 428 scientific data, 384 Amla, antiaging, 386 signs, 384–386 Amylases, 303, 304 stochastic theory, 385 Amyloid precursor protein (APP), 74, 196 ubiquitin proteasomal system decline theory, 385 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 688 Aglycone metabolites, 114 Anandamide, 125 ‘AGMARK’ standards, 358 Anchovy (Coilia mystus), 394 Agnus castus, 485 Anchovy peptides, 405 Agricultural remedies, 846 Andrographis paniculata, 470 ® Aktivait , 408 Androstene, 106 Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 41 Anethofuran, 165 Alcohol extraction, 38 Anethole, 93 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 849 R. C. Gupta et al. (eds.), Nutraceuticals in Veterinary Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04624-8 850 Index Anethum graveolens L., 165 biosecurity Angelica archangelica, 398 animal welfare, 320 Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, 429 cleaning and disinfection, 320–321 Animal feed definition, 319 hemp in, 124–125 disease prevention, 320 neem global efforts, 320 leaves, 42 good hygiene practices and environment, 321 oil, 43 high level, 319 seed, 43 immunity, 321–322 Animal models management, 322 safety and toxicity studies, 678 nutrition, 322 cytotoxic power, 681 in pig farming, 319 foundations, 678–679 risk-based weighted, 319 problems and alternatives, 679–681 stress, 322–323 toxic actions, 677–678 essential oils, 332 unresolved issues, 681–682 immunomodulatory compounds, 337 Animal production organic acids antibacterial alternatives, in animal health and disease, 323, 325 antibacterial activity, 328 ESM for growth promotion in, 230 beneficial effects, 327 nanoparticles butyrate, 329 developmental consequences, 756–759 butyric acid, 328–329 gastrointestinal function, 754–755 dietary acids inclusion, 327 growth, 752–754 in drinking water, 327 reproduction, 755–756 in food-producing animals, 327–328 Animal welfare, 320 intestinal mucosal surface, 329 Anthelmintic activity, in fenugreek, 30 mechanism of action, 327 Anthelmintics, 352 medium-chain fatty acids, 327 Anthocyanins, 191, 469 short-chain fatty acids, 327, 328 Antiaging toll-like receptors, 329 adaptogens, 386–387 undissociated form, 328 carotenoids, 389–390 phasing out animal growth promoters impact, 317–319 coenzyme Q10, 387 phytobiotics polyphenols, 387–388 antibacterials, 334 probiotics and prebiotics, 387 antimicrobial activity, 330, 331 vitamins, 388–389 dietary phytochemicals, 330 Antibacterial activity eucalyptus oil, 333 isothiocyanates, 115 feature, 331 lactoferrin, 238–239 flavonoids, 330–331 Nigella sativa,94–95 MCFA, 333 ovotransferrin, 238–239 minimal inhibitory concentration, 331 phytogenic feed additive, 353–355 modes of action, 331 Antibacterial alternatives, in animal health and disease phytochemical medicines, 330 antibiotic use plant-based compounds, 331 “Alliance to Save our Antibiotics,” 325 plant extracts, 332 in animal production, 323, 325 possible influence, 334 antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 324 primary components, 330 EU new one health action plan, 323 principal use, 332 interventions, 324 quorum sensing, 332 “One Health approach,” 323 SCFA, 334 preventive disease strategies, 324 phytogenics, 331 reduce disease, 325 Antibacterial effects, fenugreek, 29–30 reduction, 324 Antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal signs (AAGS), 297 vaccines, 325 Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs), 266 veterinarians and farmers, 324, 325 Antibiotics, 351 antimicrobial peptides, 334–335 Antibloat compounds, feed additives, 352 bacteriophages Antibodies, 246 in broiler chicken, 337 classes, 246–247 cocktail, 336 monoclonal, 253–254 endolysins, 336 products, 250–251 lysins, 336 Y-shaped molecule, 246 phage lytic enzymes, 335 Antibody-antigen interactions, 247 PLEs, 336 Anticaking agents, 349 preparations, 335 Anticancer temperate phages, 335 Acacia nilotica, 108 therapy, 335 Drosophila melanogaster, 686–687 virulent phages, 335 isothiocyanates, 115 Index 851 Nigella sativa,95–96 lactoferrin, 239 Anticholinesterase effects, Acacia nilotica, 107 ovotransferrin, 239 Anticoccidials, 352 Antithyroid effects, of glucosinolate, 116 Anticonvulsant activity, Nigella sativa,98 Antitumor activity, resveratrol, 218–221 Anti-diabetic effects, Acacia nilotica, 107 Antiviral activity Antidiabetic effects, berberine, 76 lactoferrin, 239–241 Antifertility activity, Nigella sativa,96 ovotransferrin, 239–241 Antifungal activity resveratrol, 221–222 lactoferrin, 239 Anxiety disorders Nigella sativa,95 calming ovotransferrin, 239 dietary supplements, 420–421 Antifungal additives, 352 herbal extracts, 421–422 Antifungal effects, fenugreek, 29–30 chamomile, 164 Antihyperglycemic effects, berberine, 76 endocannabinoids, 128–129 Antihyperlipidemic effects, berberine, 75–76 herbal extracts and dietary nutrients, 418 Antihypertensive activity hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, 417, 420 Acacia nilotica, 107–108 neurotransmitters and neuropeptides food-derived immunomodulators, 597 cholecystokinin, 419 Anti-inflammatory activity dopamine, 419 Flavonoids, 195 γ-aminobutyric acid, 418 Nigella sativa,96–97 norepinephrine, 419 phytogenic feed additive, 355 oxytocin, 419 polyphenols, 195 serotonin, 418–419 Anti-inflammatory drugs, 588–589 vasopressin, 419–420 Anti-inflammatory effects pathogenesis, 417 Acacia nilotica, 104–106 Apis mellifera (honey bee), 456–457, 573–574 chamomile, 164 Apoptosis, 221, 438 glucosinolates, 115 Apple polyphenol, antiaging, 387 omega fatty acids, 176–179 Apricot, 85–87 Antimicrobial activity, 315 feed formulation, 88 Acacia nilotica, 106 nutraceuticals, mechanism of therapeutic value, 87–88 berberine, 77–78 phytomolecules, 85 flavonoids, 195–196 plant-based feed formulation, 88 isothiocyanates, 115 on poultry, 87 2-Phenylethylisothiocyanate, 115, 116 Aquaneem, 39 polyphenols, 195–196 Arachidonic acid (AA), 176, 403–404 sinigrin, 115, 116 Arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA), 125 Antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs), 266–271, 303, 315 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), 125 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), 334–335, 642 N-Arachidonoylphenolamine (AM-404), 130 Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), 315–317 Arctigenin, 617 Antimutagenic effects, Acacia nilotica, 108 Area under the curve (AUC), in homeopathy, 576 Antioxidant(s), 207–210, 348 Arthritis, 230, 365 Acacia nilotica, 104–106 Arugula (Eruca sativa), 504 biomarkers, 694–695 Ascorbic acid, 403 cardiovascular diseases, 428 Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), 422 cognitive dysfunction syndrome, 402–403 Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 41 defense mechanisms, 207–208 Aspergillus ficuum, 309 endocannabinoid system, 130–131 Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), 122, 123, enzymes, 208 467, 649, 779–780, 783, 787 flavonoids, 195 Astaxanthin, 389 of flavonoids, 193 Atazanavir, antidiabetic drugs, 96 food-derived immunomodulators, 597–598 Atherosclerosis, 181 ginger as, 56–57 Atopic dermatitis (AD), 178, 564, 566 hepatic injury, 437 Atopic eczema, chamomile, 164 hierarchy, 384, 385 Atractylodis macrocephalae Koidz., 572 mastitis, 570 Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG), 825 Nigella sativa,93–94 Australia regulatory guidelines, 783, 810 in non-neurodegenerative diseases, 207 complementary medicine, 825 phytogenic feed additive, 355 novel food, 826–827 polyphenols, 195 therapeutic goods, 823–825 resveratrol, 221 Autophagy, 221 stability test, 769 Avena sativa (oats), 795 sulforaphane, 115 Avocado (Persea americana),
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