October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26111 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS HOW TO SUPPORT THE ments that challenge totalitarian and au­ certainly prefer democratic regimes to anti­ DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION thoritarian regimes. Not only should this be democratic ones, we should by now also our objective, in a sense it must be our ob­ have learned that many of the world's worst jective, for without this organizing principle tyrants NEWT GINGRICH and central theme, even the most brilliantly the mantle of democracy, while some of OF GEORGIA conceived Realpolitik will fail. those we have viewed as hopelessly repres­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Such is the power of our own traditions sive have actually paved their countries' Thursday, October 3, 1985 and of our commitment to the universal way from dictatorship toward democracy value of democracy that Americans will not, . All too often body considers the policies toward such na­ with a repressive dictatorship; our basic alli­ in the recent past, moreover, we have seen tions as Chile and South Mrica, this recent ances must be with democratic countries, or dictators friendly to the United States re­ advice by Michael Ledeen supplies some with countries that are seen to be moving placed by hostile totalitarians, to the bene­ very good advice for us. It should be read toward greater democracy. There is an im­ fit of our enemies and the detriment of our carefully by every Member: portant corollary to this axiom: except in own interests and those of our allies. extraordinary circumstances, the American Some American policy-makers and intel­ How To SUPPORT THE DEMOCRATIC people will not long give their approval to a lectuals have concluded from this circum­ REVOLUTION foreign policy based purely or even primari­ stance that forthright, universal support for ly on abstract considerations of the balance the democratic revolution is in fact a dan­ The streets and campuses of our cities of power. gerous and counterproductive policy, one once again resound with the voices of dem­ Some decry this American characteristic, that will bring us into conflict with some of onstrators calling for the United States to arguing that it makes it impossible to con­ our most important allies, in areas vital to "get tough" with its allies. Whether de­ duct a (presumably more effective> foreign our national security. The objection is a se­ manding that we sever all economic ties policy, one based on a traditional conception rious one. How can we continue to maintain with the Union of South Africa, or that we of the national interest. Such criticism, close friendships with foreign leaders when pressure Philippine strongman Ferdinand however, is misguided, for the spread of de­ we are simultaneously intruding into their Marcos to share power with his opponents, mocracy is the most basic of our geostrate­ internal affairs, trying to get them to dilute many Americans are clearly unhappy with gic interests. If the democratic revolution their authority and significantly change the close embrace between their country should succeed, our security will be greatly their political system? More ominously, if and such regimes. In short order we can enhanced; if the democratic revolution is de­ we start demanding that South Africa end expect similar calls concerning our relation­ feated and rolled back, our security will be apartheid or that Marcos share power with ship with General Pinochet's dictatorial diminished. his opponents, are we not inviting a reprise regime in Chile. These principles are often less well under­ of the North Vietnamese takeover of the Such protests are by now a standard fea­ stood by ourselves than by our enemies, who South and the replacement of the Shah of ture of public life in this country, but the recognize only too clearly that the existence Iran by the Ayatollah Khomeini, two cases issues raised by the protestors-which have of free societies threatens them. The vitali­ in which a mildly repressive soon came to dominate the scene? about the basic purposes of American for­ shackling free people and insisting upon a Yet our having failed in the past does not eign policy, above and beyond the latest tac­ single "truth." The most aggressive of our mean that we must continue the pattern in tical wrinkle <"Nixon Doctrine," "Reagan enemies, the Communist totalitarians, aim the future. Our various errors of judgment Plan," or whatever>, suggests that we have to remove democracy from the earth, in and omission should not lead us to abandon yet to come to terms with the requirements order that they may finally feel completely a policy essential to our interests and of a for America's proper role in the world. secure. This point was driven home by the piece with our national traditions. In part, What, then, are those requirements? Central American leaders interviewed by the Vietnamese and Iranian disasters oc­ In recent years we have seen a remarkable the Kissinger commission. Every head of curred precisely because we lacked the cour­ series of transformations from dictatorship government testified that so long as the age and wisdom to fight for those traditions. to democracy, in countries ranging from Sandinistas were in power in Nicaragua, all Our failure to support the Shah during the Turkey and Spain and Portugal to Argenti­ chance for democracy in the area would be crisis of 1979 was criminal, but we could and na and Honduras. There is no question that mortally jeopardized. should have acted in such a way over the these examples encourage other countries, The implication is clear enough: if we are preceding quarter-century as to have made especially those with a Spanish or Portu­ serious about the democratic revolution in the crisis unnecessary. That would have re­ guese tradition, to move in the same direc­ Central America, we must challenge Nicara­ quired years of steady tion totali­ pressure on the Shah to undertake a gradu­ instances>. In addition, there is the encour­ tarianism there; if we are serious about the al liberalization of his regime, to share aging story of Grenada, where armed Amer­ democratic revolution in general, we must power with the emerging new middle class ican intervention overthrew a Marxist dicta­ challenge Communist totalitarianism in . and to torship and returned the country to democ­ general. Indeed, our struggle with Commu­ limit his own authority. In this sense intelli­ racy, representing the first time that the nist totalitarianism-like our previous war gent American "meddling" in the internal Brezhnev Doctrine has been actively challenged. And, unavoidable, a matter of political principle democratic, it is in order to make their own in Eastern Europe, there is the most ambig­ which is simultaneously a strategic national governments more stable and our alliances uous but perhaps ultimately no less hopeful interest. It is not the other side of the coin, more durable. case of Poland, where, despite all efforts to it is the same coin as our support of the That having been said, one must add im­ suppress it, Solidarity lives on. democratic revolution. mediately the qualification that it is exceed­ If there is one central theme and organiz­ Needless to say, however, solid unflinch­ ingly difficult, if not impossible, to achieve a ing principle of our foreign policy, it should ing support for the democratic revolution successful transition from dictatorship to be to support this movement-which some does not mean the abando1UJ1ent of good democracy in the midst of a violent crisis. observers have called a democratic revolu­ sense. American policy-makers cannot be de­ When one of our undemocratic allies is tion-around the world. Our task is actively prived of such essential tools as the choice under attack from anti-democratic forces to encourage non-democratic governments of the lesser of two evils, the strategic that are also hostile to us, our first obliga­ to democratize, and to aid democratic move- pause, and the wait-and-see. Although we tion is to support the ally, and only then to

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member of the Senate on the floor. Boldface type indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. 26112 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 address the question of greater democracy. the Ayatollah's "revolution," which at the had fallen prey to a violent wave of terror­ In Vietnam, we often acted as if its leaders time was mistaken for a movement of the ism, but urged the generals to restore power could be changed without undermin­ war in Lebanon, to cite another example, Once the terrorist threat was quelled, this is ing the high morale necessary to sustain the the systematic terror visited by the PLO exactly what the generals did. war effort in the South. In Iran, having upon southern Lebanon over the previous In the Philippines, what the future holds failed over the years to nudge the Shah seven years was hardly ever mentioned in is uncertain. We have, currently, given Fer­ toward liberalization, we then conspicuously the liberal press. the New York Times, but port him, but there is a limit to our pa­ crisis. only after the first wave of fighting was tience. This tacit threat has real credibility There are of course factors inhibiting the over.> It is not as if the Cambodian and Vi­ in the Philippines, where we have consider­ successful prosecution of a long-term policy etnamese Communists, or the Iranian Shi'­ able economic and political leverage, and of critical support for undemocratic allies. ites, had neglected to provide detailed de­ where we can also contemplate without One of them has to do with the way the scriptions of what they were planning to do alarm the possibility that Marcos might be Left and the Right in domestic American once they came to power, or as if the PLO's replaced by his most outspoken opponents. politics line up on the issue of repressive activities in Lebanon were a secret. The Left Over time, the Philippines will either evolve governments. The Left condemns out of simply declined to believe what was there to toward greater democracy or undergo vio­ hand governments ranging from South be seen; it thereby contributed its own deci­ lent internal conflict. The country will not Africa to Honduras to the Philippines while sive share to the American policy fiascos of put up with Marcos forever, and neither tending to tum a blind eye to left-wing dic­ the recent past. should we: if Marcos is unwilling to reform, tatorships and/or actively to support Marx­ If our support of the democratic revolu­ we should seriously contemplate organizing ist-Leninist guerrilla movement like the tion is to have any chance of success, then, the opposition and supporting it against FMLN in El Salvador or SWAPO in Na­ the first thing we must learn to do is to him, provided the opposition is democratic mibia. Moreover, this support often contin­ assess, realistically, the difference between and its leaders are talented and mature ues even after the guerrilla movements seize our friends and our enemies. The second enough to see the country through the diffi­ power and establish single-party dictator­ thing we must learn, or relearn, is the dif­ cult transition. If these qualities are lacking, ships. As for the Right, it denounces Com­ ference between authoritarian and totalitar­ then we will be faced with the unpleasant munist regimes while tending to take a ian dictatorships. As it happens, most of our but unavoidable task of selecting among sev­ benign view of even such extreme dictator­ undemocratic allies fall into the former cat­ eral poor alternatives. ships of the Right as Pinochet's Chile, egory, most of our enemies into the latter. South Africa is a different matter alto­ Stroessner's Paraguay, and Argentina under As it also happens, the prospects for achiev­ gether, because we are morally opposed to the generals who preceded Alfonsin. ing democratization are much brighter in the very basis of South African society. No Both the Right and the Left are wrong. the former than they are in the latter. American government can long refrain from The error of the Right is to confuse alli­ The reason is a simple one. In authoritari­ outspoken criticism of apartheid, and over ances of convenience with principled, dura­ an dictatorships, the repressive power of the the long term, barring a major crisis, if ble rapport. We may indeed sometimes be regime generally rests with a single individ­ there is no evidence of evolution toward de­ forced into close working relations with un­ ual or ruling group, and if that individual or mocracy the American people will make it democratic or even anti-democratic coun­ group passes from the scene, then meaning­ impossible for an administration to work tries, but as a practical matter we have to be ful change becomes possible. In authoritari­ closely with Pretoria. But there is also no able to show either that our ally is moving an Spain, once Franco died, the system gain saying the fact that we are in almost toward greater internal democracy or that evolved in a very few years into a full­ complete agreement with Pretoria in inter­ there is a crisis so grave as to require our fledged Western democracy. In totalitarian national affairs, and there are good reasons holding firm. If the crisis is of insufficient dictatorships, by contrast, it is the system to fear that a drastic change in South proportions, or if the democratic credentials itself that performs the evil work, generally Africa might prove so destabilizing that we, of the society fail to pass muster, the Ameri­ through the instrumentality of institution­ and the entire West, would pay an enor­ can public will not long remain convinced of alized terror. Nor does the perpetuation of mous strategic price for it. the necessity of the alliance and it will be the system depend upon any single individ­ Had Robert Mugabe's Zimbabwe turned broken by the winds of political storms. ual: in the Soviet Union, with the death of out to be more democratic and more toler­ Marcos and Pinochet, as well as their Lenin, Stalin stepped forward, and after ant of its white and black political oppo­ friends in the United States, should have re­ him there have been others, while the nents, one might be more sanguine about alized long ago that without movement system has remained fundamentally un­ demanding one man/one vote in South toward greater democracy, America's sup­ changed. Africa; but as things stand today. the port would eventually be called into ques­ The capacity of authoritarian regimes to United States can hardly urge South Africa tion. change does not even depend upon the to follow the example of what was once But if the Right frequently misunder­ death or removal of their leaders; in Central Rhodesia. Then again, had we the capacity stands the role of the democratic ethos in America, the military regimes of El Salva­ for real covert action, we might secretly sup­ our foreign policy, the Left all too often per­ dor, Honduras, and Guatemala have shown port the democratic element of the South forms the more damaging role of rendering themselves quite able to provide for a African opposition while openly supporting that policy impotent, by devising abstractly smooth transition from dictatorship to de­ the Pretoria government; but this strategy moralistic standards of democracy that no mocracy. The Salvadoran army has been a is not available to us. because we can no country can possibly live up to. This ex­ driving force behind the successful democra­ longer keep such actions secret. The prob­ tremely dangerous tendency was at work tization of the country. In Honduras, the lem, in short, is probably the most agonizing during the fall of the Shah of Iran, when army stepped aside in favor of a freely elect­ one we face in our foreign policy. the Carter administration-egged on by ele­ ed civilian government, while in Guatemala Yet with regard to the regime in Pretoria, ments of the media and the universities­ free elections have been promised and a new as well as similar, less hateful regimes else­ contributed to the paralysis of one of our constitution is being drafted, under the eyes where, it cannot be emphasized too strongly most important allies. In the opinion of of the current military dictatorship. Farther that whatever influence we do have will be many in the Carter administration, the to the south, Uruguay and Brazil are follow­ frittered away entirely unless our allies can record of the Shah in human rights justi­ ing suit. be confident that we will not abandon them. fied cutting off support in his hour of need. Not only is the democratic revolution That is why today, the great touchstone of They held to this opinion even though, in more likely to succeed in authoritarian American credibility is Central America. It the context of the Middle East, Iran was a counties than in totalitarian ones, where is there that the democratic revolution has remarkably decent place, and even though transitions of this kind are not possible, but the brightest prospects, and there that our there was every prospect that a change in our own best chance at helping to bring commitment to the democratic revolution is regime would make things far worse. about the necessary transformation is in being most severely tested. The challenge is At the same time that the Left holds our countries friendly to us-provided that we all the more dramatic because it is taking allies to impossible standards, it tends to are perceived by them as steadfast allies place close enough to our borders to consti­ exempt our left-wing opponents altogether, who, while calling for change, nonetheless tute an issue of national security. taking their every encouraging word at face respect and are willing to defend their integ­ We have quite vocally stated in Central value and even urging patience and under­ rity against our common enemies. That America that we will not tolerate any fur­ standing in the face of barbarisms commit­ such a strategy can work is demonstrated by ther expansion of Soviet/Cuban/Nicara­ ted by self-proclaimed "revolutionary" re­ the example of Turkey, where we recog­ guan power. Yet we have not acted in ac­ gimes. The cases of Cambodia and Commu­ nized the legitimacy of a military dictator­ cordance with that declaration. Despite the nist Vietnam leap to mind, as does that of ship that was installed because the country near-universal recognition that Nicaragua is October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26113 heading internally toward Communist total­ studies for the priesthood at St. Bernard about selling the land? I'd cut down the itarianism, that it represents a major Soviet Seminary in Rochester, NY, and later re­ apricot trees and plant walnuts. You don't beachhead in our hemisphere, and that it is ceived an M.S. in education from need to pick walnuts; you can shake them indispensable to the guerrilla war conducted Marywood College. down." by the FMLN in El Salvador and by other The story, told by a student of immigra­ like-minded groups in Honduras and Guate­ Father Maloney was ordained on May 26, tion law, tells something about how West­ mala, Congress has decreed that we may not 1934, in St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton ern growers last week shook down the challenge the Sandinista regime in Mana­ by Bishop Thomas C. O'Reilly. He has Senate, in a blazing example of special-in­ gua. Nor has the Reagan administration served at St. Matthew's in Stroudsburg, St. terest politics. The Senate finally passed im­ fought hard enough to retain financial sup­ Gabriel's in Hazleton, St. Mary's Help of migration reform, but only after nearly port for the contras. Christians in Pittston, St. Bernadette's in giving away the farm. The net result is that it is now an open Canadensis, and St. John the Evangelist in The damage need not be mortal. It was question whether the United States will Wilkes-Barre. Father Maloney has served contained by a later amendment and can be bring any meaningful pressure to bear on mitigated in the House. In any case, farm our Cuban and Nicaraguan enemies, or as pastor of St. Francis of Assisi Church in Nanticoke since December 9, 1975. workers account for only about 15 percent whether we will leave them free to set the of illegal entrants. Controlling the illegal level of conflict in El Salvador and the America became a great nation from the flow remains worthy of support from all timing of their attacks throughout the strength of faith of its people. We have all those, right and left, who have spoken for it hemisphere. If the latter should tum out to benefited from the selfless devotion of men so forcefully. What most needs to be heard be the case, then we will have sent another and women like Father Maloney, who have now is the voice of the President. depressing message to those around the given the most any individual can give-the world who contemplate taking up the strug­ The heart of the reform bill is the correc­ gle for the democratic revolution and who service of a lifetime for a higher goal. It is tion of a glaring wrong in present law, one have looked to us as its ultimate defender. easy to forget the sacrifices that our spirit­ that encourages hundreds of thousands of We will have told them that Vietnam and ual guides have endured to bring God's illegal migrants: It is illegal for them to Iran are the enduring models of American message of love and peace to the world. In work in this country but it is not illegal to policy, and that Grenada was simply a mo­ our times of trouble we depend upon the hire them. Under the legislation, sponsored mentary aberration. strength and wisdom of people like Father this year by Senator Alan Simpson, Wyo­ ming Republican, and Representative Peter If we fail in Central America, regimes Maloney, and it is only fitting that we from Manila to Pretoria will be the more Rodino, New Jersey Democrat, the Govern­ share a moment of joy in the commemora­ ment could finally go after the employers, likely to reject our suggestions for change, tion of Father Maloney's lifetime of labor reasoning that they have only themselves to too. depend upon in the face of their enemies. and love. "Hardship!" insist the growers of perish­ The same goes for southern Asia, where the Mr. Speaker, it is a pleasure and a privi­ able fruits and vegetables "We need special government of Pakistan must decide how lege to be able to honor Father Maloney's treatment!" Sometimes, truly, they do. much support to give to the freedom fight­ distinguished service to his God, to his sometimes they cannot find enough domes­ ers of Afghanistan; after all, if the United church, and to his community. tic workers for the harvest. Without access States cannot protect a nearby ally against to experienced foreign workers, crops would Nicaragua, can it be expected to shelter a rot. Yet at other times, it is easy to believe distant friend against the Soviet Union IMMIGRATION REFORM VERSUS that the growers are really clamoring for itself? And the same goes too for northern SPECIAL INTERESTS something else, not labor that is experi­ Africa where the foes of Libya's Muammar enced but labor that is cheap. al-Qaddafi may be tempted in desperation Senator Simpson's bill responds to the to seek an accommodation if Libya should HON. ROBERT GARCIA plea of hardship. It would make importing offer it. OF NEW YORK foreign workers easier under present law. The list can be extended, from Solidarity IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The bill also offers special treatment. All in Poland to the refuseniks in the Soviet Thursday, October 3, 1985 other businesses would have to stop hiring Union, from the opposition to Castro in illegals immediately. Growers would get Cuba to the democratic foes of Pinochet in Mr. GARCIA. Mr. Speaker, the Septem­ three years to comply gradually. Chile. It is only by remaining true to our ber 22 edition of the New York Times con­ What did the growers say to all this? Not principles-which in Central America means tained an editorial on S. 1200, the Senate good enough. They launched a costly cam­ supporting the democratic revolution in El immigration reform bill. While I do not paign for treatment that is even more spe­ Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala, while agree with everything the Times has to cial. Last week they got it, in the form of exerting our utmost effort to thwart and ul­ say-on immigration reform-they support what might be called the Wilson Workers. timately reverse the totalitarian advance­ Senator Pete Wilson, California Republican, that we can confidently expect to find employer sanctions, I do not-I, nonethe­ persuaded his colleagues to create, just for others willing to take their own risks for less, believe that they are right on target growers, an astonishingly large army of sea­ freedom and democracy. regarding their opposition to the expansive sonal farm workers, up to 350,000 at a time. Guest Worker Program (read: bracero) All a worker need do to get a nine-month contairied in S. 1200. visa is apply for it. Monitoring all those FATHER MALONEY RETIRES In addition, this past week the Washing­ workers to see that they go home after nine AFTER 51 YEARS OF SERVICE ton Post ran an article on the administra­ months would not, however, be so simple. tion's support for such a program. That ar­ What's a torpedo like that doing in a bill HON. PAULE. KANJORSKI ticle also points out that the administration intended to give the nation more control of its borders? The motive was not need, Sena­ OF PENNSYLVANIA representative offering support for the tor Simpson said, but greed. Such thoughts IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 'Guest Worker' Program was Deputy Agri­ must have occurred to· many senators after Thursaday, October 3, 1985 cultural Secretary John Norton, a grower they voted to create wave after wave of of perishable crops, whose farming camps Wilson Workers. The next day, they limited Mr. KANJORSKI. Mr. Speaker, it is my have been criticized for their substandard the program to three years. great pleasure to inform you and my fell ow conditions. The Senate's passage of the whole bill Members of the House of Representatives I commend both articles to my col­ leaves two hurdles. The House passed it of a special dinner that was held on Sep­ leagues, and ask that they carefully consid­ with difficulty last year, before it died in tember 29, 1985, to honor the retirement of er this aspect of immigration reform. conference. With Chairman Rodino's lead. it may pass more easily this year. In the Father Andrew P. Maloney. [From the New York Times, Sept. 22, 19851 Father Maloney has devoted a lifetime of process, the House could insist on sharply service to God and to his community GIVING IMMIGRATION THE BUSINESS reducing the Wilson Workers. through his spiritual guidance and leader­ Once, walking through this apricot or­ The final hurdle is the President. Attor­ chard, a California grower was asked what ney General Meese professes strong Admin­ ship. Born on June 1, 1908, in Archbald, would happen if congress reformed immi­ istration support for the legislation. But the PA, Andrew Maloney was educated in gration law, sharply curtailing illegal farm bill has been attacked by White House guer­ Archbald schools and graduated from St. workers. "I'd go out of business the next rillas before. This is a fine time for a strong Thomas High School in Scranton and the day," he said. In that case, how much could word from President Reagan, espcially con­ University of Scranton. He completed his he sell his land for? "Who said anything sidering that Senator Wilson, the grand

51-059 0-86-19 the Washington Post, Oct. 1, 19851 to-day management decisions in his farming zinc roofing, cement and other essential GUEST WORKER OPTION OFFERED-ADMINIS­ operations since he joined Agriculture last building materials. TRATION WOULD LET FOREIGNERS HARVEST May. Peace Corps Director Loret Miller Ruppe PERISHABLE CROPS A spokesman for Norton said that housing notes that "$500 is about the total yearly and food for the workers at the Salinas let­ income of one Liberian, and will therefore The Reagan administration, pushing for tuce operation are provided by a contractor, be quite significant." - an overhaul of the nation's immigration not by his company. He said that rent is not The Liberians will provide their Minneso­ laws, yesterday outlined a compromise charged and that meals cost about $8 per ta sponsors with periodic updates on the "guest worker" proposal to allow an unspec­ day. progress of their school and information ified number of foreign workers to enter the Huerta also brought up violations by Nor­ about day to day life with their community, United States temporarily to harvest perish­ ton's company of California agricultural thereby maintaining the cross-cultural shar­ able crops. labor laws, mostly dealing with reprisals ing which is one of the goals of the Peace The administration plan, introduced at a against workers involved in union activities. Corps. House Judiciary subcommittee hearing The same issue came up in his nomination In the last 20 years, the Peace Corps Part­ would: hearing and was not considered important nership Program has helped the American Set up a temporary farmworker program · enough to threaten his confirmation. private sector provide more than $3 million for growers of "truly perishable" crops and for 2,000 self-help projects in 90 developing would allow workers to move from grower to nations around the globe. Individuals, grower during the harvest season. STUDENTS HELPING STUDENTS: school groups, corporations and foundations Require the Justice Department to deter­ A UNITED STATES-LIBERIAN may make tax deductible contributions. For mine that domestic workers are not avail­ CONNECTION further information on becoming a partner, able for the jobs. write: Peace Corps Partnership Program, Give foreign workers legal protections in 806 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington, the areas of housing standards, wages and HON. BARNEY FRANK D.C. 20526. Or call, toll-free: <800> 424-8580, labor organizing rights. OF MASSACHUSETI'S ext. 227. Create a special commission to decide how IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES many temporary workers should be admit­ ted. The commission would set a cap on ad­ Thursday, October 3, 1985 INTRODUCTION OF THE STRA­ missions after two years and make annual Mr. FRANK. Mr. Speaker, we spend a lot TEGIC CAPITAL RESERVE ACT reductions of 5 percent to 20 percent a year of time in this body debating the U.S. for­ OF 1985 afterward. eign assistance program in terms of overall Under heavy pressure from lobbyists for funding levels for each country and pro­ major growers, the Senate last month HON. STAN LUNDINE passed an amendment to admit 350,000 for­ gram and in the process we often lose sight OF NEW YORK of the important role played by the many eign workers at any one time for periods of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES up to nine months to harvest perishable devoted individuals who have given their crops. Opponents added language to end the time and energy to aid the developing na­ Thursday, October 3, 1985 program after three years unless Congress tions of the Third World. The Peace Corps Mr. LUNDINE. Mr. Speaker, last week, reauthorized it. is a model of this volunteer spirit, and for the fint time in 5 years, the Reagan ad­ Until yesterday, the administration had thousands of people have given years of not taken a position on the guest-worker ministration acknowledged that the value program. "This issue must be dealt with in a their lives to this effort. Michael Quinn, a of the U.S. dollar on international currency pragmatic, reasonable manner ... to avoid constituent of mine who is serving as a markets is excessively high and a threat to potential efforts to bring this legislation Peace Corps volunteer in Liberia, is coordi­ U.S. economic prosperity. The dramatic down," said Immigration and Naturalization nating a school construction project which meeting and dollar communique issued by Service Commissioner Alan C. Nelson, testi­ is being partly financed by donations from the leading five industrialized nations of fying before the subcommittee. American high school students. I want to the world is a major breakthrough in the Growers of perishable crops, most of them commend Mr. Quinn and the students of struggle to moderate and stabilize the value in the West, say domestic workers do not Coon Rapids High School for their good want the harvesting jobs. Organized labor of the dollar on international currency argues that domestic workers are available, work. I ask that a Peace Corps press re­ markets. But that communique is only one but growers fire them and discourage union­ lease discussing this project in greater of the important steps in what must be pro­ ization so they can use cheap foreign labor. detail be reprinted here. tracted process to achieve the goal of a Dolores Huerta, first vice president of the WASHINGTON-Students at a Minnesota lower, fairer, and more stable value for the United Farmworkers of America, charged high school have shown their concern for U.S. dollar. This is clear when we observe that there are unemployed Americans and the well being of their fellow students in a that after daily gyrations, the value of the legal aliens who would like the jobs but are rural community in Liberia, Africa, by rais­ dollar today remains at about the level not willing to work for the wages of as little ing some of the funds necessary to build a when the communique action was taken. as $2 per hour that the illegal workers re­ new school there. ceive. The members of the # 1 Key Club of Coon Today, I am introducing the first of two Meanwhile, the hearing deteriorated into Rapids High School, at the suggestion of ad­ bills to provide a sustained short- and long­ a partisan shouting match after Huerta visor Lewis Peterson, will donate $500 to­ term· program to lower and stabilize at a charged that Deputy Agriculture Secretary wards construction of a local elementary more competitive rate the value of the John R. Norton III, who had testified earli­ school for the rural community of Yila dollar on foreign exchange markets. The er on the administration proposal, kept Camp in Liberia. The assistance will be co­ proposal I am introducing today, the Stra­ workers in inhumane living conditions and ordinated by the Peace Corps Partnership tegic Capital Reserve Act of 1985, has been Program, through Volunteer Michael Quinn had been found in violation of California's introduced in the Senate by BILL BRADLEY. Agricultural Labor Relations Law. of Westport Point, Mass. "Knowing that I would be testifying Quinn made the request after finding that The purpose of this bill is to provide some today, Mr. Norton's employes asked that I the village in which he was serving was six powerful tools to help achieve short-term tell the committee that in the Salinas let­ miles from the nearest elementary school. progress toward dollar moderation. The tuce labor camp t hey live in, they are not " This distance makes it difficult to com- purpose of a second bill I will introduce October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26115 next week will be to achieve fundamental value of the dollar at a more acceptable approach to the economy, to federal interac­ long-term structural reform of the interna­ level. Clearly, for example, the U.S. Federal tion with the states and to tax policy. The tional monetary system. budget deficit remains a major impediment familiar Reagan themes of reliance on local The U.S. dollar remains 30 to 40 percent initiatives, private-sector solutions to social to bringing down interest rates and the problems and encouragement from federal inflated in terms of the underlying com­ value of the dollar. Likewise, the sluggish tax incentives are as much trademarks of petitive position of the United States. This growth present in the economies of many this President as his jellybeans. means that U.S. exporters carry a 30- to 40- of our industrialized trading partners is Yet enterprise zones have never become percent tax when they try to sell their also a major impediment. federal law. Compared with many of the goods abroad, while foreign firms enjoy Multilateral coordination is going to be compromises the Administration has struck what amounts to a 30- to 40-percent subsi­ necessary to achieve the kind of macroeco­ with Congress-MX missiles, budget cuts, dy on their exports to the United States. nomic policy adjustments both here and Contra aid-a zone bill should have been Economists estimate that over 50 percent abroad needed to reassert stability in the easy. The original congressional sponsors, of the $150 billion U.S. trade deficit is Republican Rep. Jack Kemp and Democrat­ international monetary system. The bill I ic Rep. Robert Garcia, both of New York, owing to the misalignment of the dollar am introducing today makes an important are still chagrined that their bipartisan in­ against other major international curren­ first step in this process. It requires the tentions became mired in controversy. cies. President to establish a 1-year internation­ "We expected in the beginning that more The longer the dollar hovers at such ex­ al commission involving the major indus­ Democrats like myself who don't buy the traordinarily high levels, the more irrep­ trialized countries to develop a strategy for whole Reagan agenda would recognize zones arable the damage done to our domestic achieving macroeconomic adjustments in as a unique chance for accommodation with economy. Because it is cheaper to produce their respective economies. Such a commis­ Republicans and the White House," says abroad with a dollar valued as it is today, Garcia. sion could keep the important start which Zones as shibboleth of Reaganism bother U.S. firms are making irreversible decisions began just 1 week ago moving forward some Democrats much more than zones as to move production offshore. The move­ toward productive cooperation between urban policy. The federal proposal's close ment of U.S. production abroad, the inabil­ major industrialized countries. association with Kemp also has hampered ity of U.S. firms to export., and the handi­ I urge you to join with me to make clear the bill's progress in the House. It has capping of U.S. firms competing against the U.S. intention to act to lower the value passed the Senate twice. foreign imports is threatening to deindus­ of the dollar. The provisions of the Strate­ To many, the proposal is a symbol of con­ trialize our economy. servatives' determination to cut urban gic Capital Reserve Act will help sustain a spending. Over the past five years, zones I am convinced that we need both a workable short-term program to bring the short-term and long-term program to lower have faced sometimes stiff opposition from dollar in line. Legislation I will introduce representatives of the very districts that and stabilize the value of the dollar at an next week will establish the framework for would receive federal designations. Rep. acceptable level. The Strategic Capital Re­ a longer-term program for reforming the Charles Rangel, a Harlem Democrat, has serve Act, which I am introducing today, international monetary system which I be­ likened the Administration's proposal to would provide important immediate tools lieve is also necessary to prevent a reocur­ giving aspirin to a cancer patient. Yet even to help establish a sustained program to rence of the present difficulties with the he has worked behind the scenes to formu­ drive down the value of the dollar and sta­ dollar in future years. late a compromise bill. bilize it at an acceptable level. Rangel, along with those who are more The bill requires the Federal Reserve to critical, object to the leading proposal's em­ ENTERPRISE ZONES PROVING phasis on tax relief to attract business to purchase at least $3 billion in foreign ex­ the inner cities. France. Under the provisions of this bill, ·state and locally sponsored enterprise entrepreneurs. the purchase of these foreign currencies zones are proving to be a substantial, posi­ Slightly more charitable critics, such as would not be offset domestically through tive step toward relieving the unemploy­ House Budget Chairman William Gray of the sale of Government securities. Because ment and economic stagnation of inner Pennsylvania, concede that at least zones this type of currency purchase will increase cities and other depressed areas across the would provide "another arrow in the the availability of dollars in the overall country. By encouraging investment and quiver." During the 1984 Presidential cam­ monetary system, it will help drive down providing jobs for underprivileged zone paign debates, even Walter Mondale seemed residents, these programs have begun to re­ to be sending a signal to his fellow Demo­ the value of the dollar or moderate its rise. crats when he said, "I don't mind those en­ Under the provisions of this bill, the for­ build depressed communities and raise the terprise zones-let's try them." eign exchange which is purchased by the standards of living of their inhabitants. Proponents admit that the enterprise­ Federal Reserve would be placed in a stra­ I would like to share with my colleagues zone approach is a fundamental departure tegic capital reE·'?rve in the U.S. Treasury. this informative article from the September from direct programmatic assistance to busi­ These reserves then would be available to 23, 1985 edition of Barron's concerning the ness. But they defend the federal incentives help counteract precipitous falls in the success of State sponsored enterprise zone as potentially powerful calling cards for value of the dollar which could prove as programs. As the article points out, the re­ companies to locate in older and riskier sults of these programs provide Congress neighborhoods. destabilizing to our domestic economy as Increasingly, they point to the 19 states the rises we have experienced since 1980. with a unique opportunity to study the im­ that have established zones in more than The strategic capital reserve would thus pacts of such programs prior to initiating 450 communities as indicators of results become an important tool for stabilizing one at the Federal level. Based upon their that could be expected from a federal the dollar at an appropriate level over time. widespread success, I urge my colleagues to policy. Says Lee Verstandig, Undersecretary In the final analysis, however, interven­ pass enterprise zone legislation at the Fed­ of Housing and Urban Development: "While tion in the international currency markets eral level this year. Congress has dragged its feet, the states can only play a very limited role in bring­ The article follows: have continued to move forward with the concept. The states have demonstrated the ing down the value of the dollar for any NOT CRYING UNCLE-STATES ARE TAKING THE incentives and the scoreboard reflects new protracted period of time. More fundamen­ INITIATIVE ON ENTERPRISE ZONES jobs and opportunities. But the question tal adjustments in the economies of the still remains how much more successful and major industrialized countries are neces­ Enterprise zones are one of President Rea­ effective could it be with enactment of fed­ sary to achieve a lasting decline in the gan's favorite causes. They characterize his eral legislation. 26116 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 HUD lists 26 states as having some form for example, has been the benificiary of fed­ rehabilitate a 28-acre abandoned barrel­ of zone policy ; at least one state has enacted 'Seventies, long before its 1982 zone designa­ zone. a zone bill during each year since 1982. At tion. Local redevelopment officials diplo­ Ron Lewis, the firm's executive vice presi­ least eight states have worked on new zone matically explain that they see no conflict dent, says there's no doubt that the enter­ legislation this year, and others are holding in targeting such funds in ways that comple­ prise-zone program tipped the decision in interim hearings in preparation for action ment the zones' tax incentives. favor of the inner-city property. The compa­ in 1986. New zones are being established vir­ Despite claims that zones wouldn't ny, which has invested about $3 million in tually every month. Long-run prospects for "work," most zones can at least be said to the site, saved 5% on its leases and equip­ some level of federal participation may be have helped. HUD's latest estimate identi­ ment purchases through the zone's sales-tax improving simply because of the growing fies about 50,000 Jobs created and $2 billion abatement. Police and fire agencies consult­ number of congressmen with zones in their invested in state-designated zones since ed with the company on increasing security districts. 1982. and fire protection. The way enterprise zones have come into A small minority of zones have recorded The state manpower-services office inter­ being-first as a federal proposal, then as little or no improvement, but even failures viewed the hundreds of applicants who ap­ state initiatives unaided by Washington­ aren't costly to sponsoring governments be­ plied for Lanham's 40 new Jobs. Not only has offered Congress a rare opportunity to cause tax abatements apply only if compa­ did this screening satisfy the Kentucky evaluate a policy before supporting it. Fed­ nies invest in new or expanding operations. law's requirement that at least 25% of the eral housing officials acknowledge that the The states and cities indicate that revenues new employees live in the zone or qualify as states have already provided most of the they forgo to attract businesses aren't disadvantaged, it got the lumber company necessary field testing. HUD now has a goQd missed because they often generate Jobs for the best workers in the area. . idea of how zones with federal incentives people drawing on state relief programs. In March Lanham leased part of its site to would perform and has considered alterna­ States that have completed cost-benefit another woodworking business. The com­ tives to its three-year old plan to designate studies of the zones report positive ratios of bined payroll of the two firms is about $1.5 75 experimental zones. new payroll taxes to uncollected revenues. million ~early, which Lewis proudly notes Rather than waiting for House Ways and The reality of the state-designated zones has had a tangible effect on the neighbor­ Means Chairman Dan Rostenkowski to has been that they provide gradual but real hood. "We see people painting and improv­ change his mind and schedule a mark-up for improvement in the business climate of ing their houses around here. We see people the bill, some proponents in Congress and inner-city area-not grand transformations, wearing newer clothes. We see new cars in the Administration are seeking to quietly but not boondoggles either. our parking lot. When we started up, there build upon the states' zones. In June Repub­ None of the early dire predictions about were only two cars parked here. Now about lican Rep. Steve Bartlett of Texas offered the policy have come true in the state zones. half of our employees drive to work." an amendment to the housing appropria­ For example, critics have warned that de­ Since New Jersey began designating zones tions bill that would have directed the HUD regulation provisions would lead to sub­ late in 1984, companies have made commit­ imd the Farmers Home Administration to standard buildings and food poisonings in ments to create more than 6,800 Jobs. Each give priority to applications for projects in uninspected restaurants. In practice, states of the first two zones, in Camden and existing zones. The measure failed 20-18, have specifically avoided tampering with Newark, has received pledges for about with all but four of 23 Democrats on the safety standards, while making useful Banking Committee's housing panel voting changes in obsolete zoning rules and "fast 2,500 new Jobs. One of the more notable no. tracking" permit applications. new investments is Krementz & Co., a Jewel­ In anoth,er recent development, the Bank­ Organized labor's charges that zones are ry manufacturer that had been in Newark ing Committee in July reported out that an anti-union idea have proven unfounded. since the 1870s. Krementz decided to portion of the enterprise zone bill over A number of local governments have in­ commit $6 million-$7 million to consolidate which it has Jurisdiction. If that proposal volved unions in monitoring of the program, and expand its operations on a four-acre site wins a floor vote, the Secretary of· HUD and in Louisville, City Hall has actually in Newark's zone. might actually have the power to begin des­ signed a zone-specific, no-strike agreement Says Robert S. Jones, Krementz's vice ignating zones, though without federal tax with the local building-trades council. president and general counsel: "the incen­ incentives. The move could open the door to As public awareness of the zones im­ tives were very definitely a factor in our de­ adding incentives. proves, proponents are becoming more con­ cision. The exemption from sales taxes for Another approach is a House bill from fident that they're winning the war for a building materials and new equipment had Democrat William Coyne of Pennsylvania to federal policy. Both Kemp and Garcia an impact on our construction costs.'' In ad­ create 5% set-asides in existing programs credit the state's activity with sustaining dition to this "one shot" incentive. are tax such as community-development block momentum for the congressional initiative. abatements on retail sales, which Jones sees grants and urban-development action grants "The states are clearly light years ahead as providing continuing relief. as "carrots" for local efforts to upgrade of the federal government in malting the The state also offers a $500 tax credit to a zone infrastructure and services. Since such concept of enterprise zones a reality," says company hiring anyone who lives in the mu­ provisions wouldn't involve tax incentives, Kemp, "and their successes are reinforcing nicipality sponsoring the wne and a $1,500 they could win approval without the bless­ our case for the enactment of federal legis­ credit if the new employee had been out of ings of Ways and Means. lation." work for at least 90 days or was receiving Even the tax-reform measure now being Referring to a new version of the bill, public assistance. Jones says this would marked up in the Ways and Means Commit­ which he and Kemp introduced at the be­ affect the comi;any's plans to increase the tee is being studied as a vehicle for federal ginning of September, Garcia states: "We workforce by 65-100 people. incentives. Committee members are looking have drafted a new enterprise-zone bill that Evansville, Ind., knew it was in trouble at formulas to protect poor areas from the we hope reflects the realities of other devel­ when a major appliance manufacturer de­ tax bill's assaults on industrial development opments in tax and budget policy. We will cided two years ago to end operations there. bonds, targeted Job tax credits and, possibly, again appeal to our colleagues to set aside Its impending loss figured into the city's investment tax credits. The advantage of partisan differences for the greater good of successful application to the state for enter­ this strategy: It would require no new tax helping distressed neighborhoods." prise-zone status. incentives, but would still give depressed Although Washington still regards ente­ This winter the zone paid off with an an­ neighborhoods an edge in attracting busi­ prise zones as an untried concept, at the nouncement by the Zayre Corp.'s discount­ ness. local level they are real indeed, and are clothing division that it would locate its new Most of the headlines on enterprise zones having an impact on companies' site selec­ regional distributorship in Evansville. The have been made locally rather than in the tions. Following are a few examples of zone $55 million T.J. Maxx facility will occupy a national media. But city by city, zones have initiatives that have clearly influenced com­ million square feet on 120 acres in the zone become a big story, with their very designa­ panies to locate in areas where disinvest­ and will employ more than 1,200 workers, tion often sparking interest and debate. By ment and loss of Jobs had been the pattern. with zone residents getting preference in now most cities and states with zones have In Louisville, the Lanham Lumber Co. was hiring. evaluated their performance, and so far the the first new business to apply for and re­ Diane Lupke, the Indiana Commerce De­ news has been good. ceive certification under the city's enter­ partment's enterprise-zone director, says A few zones have been so impressively suc­ prise-zone policy. Shortly after the zone's that T.J. Maxx will receive credits based on cessful, even detractors acknowledge the re­ designation in 1983, Lanham was looking for its inventory tax liability and special em­ sults but point to other programs contribut­ a production site. One prospect was outside ployee training services over and above ing to the process. The quickly reviving the area and another was in the Louisville those normally available in Indiana. "The Washington Street area in Norwalk, Conn.• suburbs, but Lanham chose to acquire and enterprise zone was critical in Zayre's selec- October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26117 tion of this site for its distribution facility," Mr. Speaker, it should be clear to anyone in its efforts to ·frustrate the law and to she states. who learns of Monsignor Madden's long retain the Mokelumne public resource and history of service that he is a man who has similar hydroelectric resources hostage of PG&E forever; and MONSIGNOR JOSEPH A. MADDEN devoted not just his life, but his full spirit Whereas, the private investor owned utili­ TO BE HONORED to the guidance and support of his church ties now seek to change the federal law to and its members. His accomplishments give their favor; and irrefutable testimony to his dedication to Whereas, although FERC promised both HON. PAUL E. KANJORSKI God and community. It is my great pleas­ Santa Clara and the Federal District Court OF PENNSYLVANIA ure to commend the Reverend Monsignor that it would hold hearings required by fed­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Joseph A. Madden to you and my col­ eral law on Santa Clara's application, the leagues at this time. new FERC has repeatedly delayed the hear­ Thursday, October 3, 1985 ing proce~ in an obvious attempt to prevent Mr. KANJORSKI. Mr. Speaker, it is my Santa Clara from obtaining the benefits of pleasure to bring to your attention and the RESOLUTION BY THE CITY its application to which it is entitled and COUNCIL OF SANTA CLARA, CA has sided with the investor owned utilities attention of my colleagues here in the in seeking to change the basic federal law; House of Representatives the accomplish­ and ments of a great man from Pennsylvania's HON. NORMAN Y. MINETA Whereas, while the new FERC stays Wyoming Valley. The Reverend Monsignor OF CALIFORNIA Santa Clara's application the Senate Energy Joseph A. Madden, PA., VF. will be hon­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and Natural Resource Committee with FERC encouragement is currently marking ored on October 6 at a special dinner com­ Thursday, October 3, 1985 memorating his enormous· contributions to up legislation which would not only elimi­ the spiritual and moral guidance of the Mr. MINETA. Mr. Speaker, the city of nate the public preference in relicensing but people of this area. Santa Clara, CA, lies within the 13th Con­ also drastically alter the procedures and cri­ gressional District, which I represent. The teria which would virtually eliminate com­ Monsignor Madden was born in Ma­ petitive applications in relicensing proceed­ hanoy City, PA, the son of John and Rose city council of that city has unanimously ings; and McGonigle Madden. He was educated in the adopted a resolution, which at the council's Whereas, the federal changes in the pro­ schools of Hanover Township, attended request I am inserting into the RECORD for posed legislation would virtually guarantee Saint Thomas College in Scranton-now my colleagues' information. PG&E a new license for the Mokelumne the University of Scranton-and Saint Ber­ This resolution addresses the important project and a complete lo~ to Santa Clara nard's Seminary in Rochester NY. Soon issue of relicensing hydroelectric projects, of its efforts and expenditures made and op­ and I urge my colleagues to consider the portunities forgone a.11 in reliance on the thereafter, he enrolled in the Collegio Brig­ federal law and federal encouragement to nole, Sale Negroni, Genoa, Italy. city of Santa Clara's views carefully. The resolution follows: take action in accordance with it, let alone At the completion of his theological stud­ the lo~ of its entitlement to the project ies he was ordained to the priesthood on RESOLUTION No. 4997-A RESOLUTION OF THE under existing law; and June 11, 1938 in Genoa, Italy by His Emi­ CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SANTA CLARA Whereas, the proposed legislation as pres­ nence Cardinal Boetto, S.J. Whereas in the 1970's the existing Moke­ ently formulated would allow existing law Upon his return to the United States, lumne hydroelectric facility license held by to govern only one of the pending public/ Monsignor Madden was appointed assistant the Pacific Gas and Electric Company private competitive relicensing proceedings, was then expiring and the federal the Merwin case which was a latter applica­ pastor at Saint Joseph's Parish, Mata­ government publicly advertised the oppor­ tion than Santa Clara's but was given a moras. Following that appointment, he tunity to obtain a new 50 year license to the preferential hearing date over Santa Clara served as assistant pastor at Saint Rocco's facility; and by FERC, and would retroactively apply the Parish in Dunmore, PA; Saint Lucy's in Whereas Santa Clara responded with in­ new standards to all other pending proceed­ Scranton; Saint Francis in Nanticoke; and terest to the federal invitation for competi­ ings, depriving Santa Clara of all redre~ Saint Peter's Cathedral in Scranton. He left tive applications with opportunity to im­ under the present law; and Saint Peter's on June 4, 1947 to assume his prove upon the public resource; and Whereas, it would not only be unfair and duties as vice chancellor of the Diocese of Whereas Santa Clara, mindful of costs prejudicial but a complete breach of faith and its duty of avoiding waste of taxpayer's and bad government at this late date to Scranton. funds, and only after encouragement from change the law retroactively to the public/ In addition to serving as vice chancellor, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission private competitive proceedings called for the Monsignor Madden has served as an in­ staff that a tie breaking public by government which are pending at FERC: structor at the University of Scranton and preference applied to Santa Clara in reli­ Now, Therefore, be it has been chaplain to both the Senior censing of existing hydroelectric facilities Resolved: That the City of Santa Clara, Catholic Daughters in Nanticoke, and the did Santa Clara file its competitive applica­ California, strongly urges Senator Cranston Knights of Columbus in Scranton. He was tion; and and Senator Wilson and the California also master of ceremonies to several bish­ Whereas after receiving a confirmation of Members of the House of Representatives ops. the preference from the FERC itself Santa and other fair minded Senators and Con­ Clara subsequently joined in support of that gre~men to take the actions nece~ary to By virtue of his outstanding contribution opinion with the FERC in expensive and ensure that changes in the Federal Power to the diocese, Monsignor Madden was prolonged litigation with private investor Act relating to hydroelectric relicensing are named chaplain to His Holiness, Pope owned utilities so as to ultimately receive not applied retroactively to any of the cur­ Pious XII, with the title of reverend monsi­ further confirmation from the United rently pending public/private competitive gnor on May 25, 1948. On October 22, 1956, States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh relicensing proceedings for which applica­ the monsignor was appointed chancellor of Circuit in the City of Bountiful case and tions have been filed in accordance with ex­ the Diocese of Scranton, and in June of from the United States Supreme Court; and isting law. Whereas, in reliance thereon, Santa Clara 1957 he was named a prelate of honor. has already spent more than $1.5 million in Monsignor Madden is chairman of the engineering fees, environmental studies, THE WAY WEST: GUAM building commission and a member of the legal fees and other costs associated with board of consultors. He was narr.ed pro­ filing its application, has changed its gen­ thonotary apostolic upon the recommenda­ eration planning losing other opportunities HON. DON YOUNG tion of His Excellency the Most Reverend because of its serious commitments to its OF ALASKA Mokelumne application, and has endured J. Carroll McCormick in May, 1968. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The monsignor was appointed pastor of the animosity, hatred and suspicion of many PG&E's customers and others resulting Thursday, October 3, 1985 Saint Mary's of the Immaculate Conception from PG&E's all out no holds attack upon Parish in Wilkes-Barre on December 15, Santa Clara's motives and application in Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, as 1971 by Bishop McCormick. And, on Octo­ which attack PG&E engendered fears the sole Representative in this Body from ber 22, 1973 he was appointed vicar general through exaggerations, misrepresentations Alaska, which embraces the increasingly of the Diocese of Scranton. and threats conducive to such sentiment all important Pacific Rim and as the ranking 26118 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 Republican on the Interior and Insular Af­ facilities, it seems inevitable that the major Air Force system provide a backup to the fairs Committee, with jurisdiction over the supporting structure for Indian Ocean naval naval fuel storage reservoir. Pacific U.S. territories, I have long been in­ forces will be in the Pacific. There are four U.S. naval communications terested in the strategic and geopolitical The Malacca Straits are the front gate to area master stations in the world, one of the Indian Ocean. The Pacific is the high· which is located on Guam. This station pro­ significance of one of our most important way from the heart of our main support vides complete coverage of the Western Pa­ U.S. family members-Guam, U.S.A. base, the continental United States, to that cific and Indian Ocean areas. The station, Guam is centrally located in the Pacific, gate. As the number of active ships in the with about 1,400 personnel currently as­ and its citizens are committed to the shared U.S. fleet grows to 600 and as the tempo of signed, has adequate capacity to handle any goals of Americans. The awareness and the operations in the Indian Ocean increases, increased activity that may be generated patriotism of the people of Guam, U.S.A., the burden on the Pacific bases will most from expanded naval force levels. are represented by their delegate to the likely increase as well. What is required of Agana Naval Air Station has the capacity House of Representatives, the Honorable either a new or expanded naval base is a to host a complete carrier air group while in good, deep water harbor, a modem ship BEN BLAZ, with whom I have the pleasure port. It is the home base for two Cplus> Navy repair facility, a medical facility, a supply patrol squadrons, and it is also used by com­ to sit on the Interior and Insular Affairs complex, ordnance and fuel storage facili­ mercial airlines. Andersen, the largest U.S. Committee. General BLAZ served with dis­ ties, a hospital, good communication and Air Force base in the world, lies north of tinction in the U.S. Marine Corps, as so personnel support facilities, and a naval air Agana, and the two air facilities are mutual­ many Guamanians have and continue to do station. Historically, the United States has ly supporting. so, and his knowledge of Pacific issues is centered its Pacific supporting structure on Three of the four Pacific Fleet combat equal only to his continuing interest in the three indispensable anchors: Hawaii, Guam, stores ships have been recently home-ported future of the area and the people he repre­ and the Philippines. More recently, Japan in Guam. Maritime Prepositioning Ship sents. has figured prominently in the support of Squadron 3, available for deployment in Seventh Fleet operations. Each of these Pa­ General BLAZ recently coauthored with September 1986, will likely be based in cific support complexes has advantages and Guam. John C. Scharfen an article in Naval Pro­ disadvantages. There is sufficient naval housing on ceedings magazine entitled "The Way West: Of all the areas available for expansion or Guam to accommodate the crews of an addi­ Guam," which details the growing strategic construction of U.S. naval bases, Guam is tional four to five large ships that could be significance of Guam to the United States the best prepared and has the greatest elas­ home-ported on the island. There is not, in the face of ongoing developments in the ticity to accommodate an increase in the however, sufficient space to house the per­ Pacific. I wish to share our colleague BEN tempo and volume of Pacific operations. sonnel influx that would be represented by BLAZ'S analysis of Guam's unique position Guam has the best harbor in the Pacific a carrier battle group; this would require with the Members of the House, and re­ between Manila Bay and Pearl Harbor. It about 2,000 new family housing units. The has 80% of the capacity of Pearl Harbor. It quest that it be entered into the RECORD in commissary and exchange facilities on is within four days' transit time to Japan, Guam are excellent. The exchange is the its entirety: the Philippines, northern Australia, and the Navy's fifth largest, while the commissary is THE WAY WEST: GUAM Malacca Straits. Units based on the West the largest outside the continental United Forward deployment in 1985 is most Coast of the United States are 19 days' States. The school system is properly ac­ meaningful in terms of the Indian and Pa­ steaming time from the same critical areas. credited with a student population of 27,000. cific oceans. Although strategic priorities do During World War II, Guam's deep waters The 425-bed naval hospital of the Navy Re­ change, these areas are likely to be a princi­ in Apra Harbor carried more tonnage than gional Medical Center is currently operating pal concern to the United States for an ex­ any other harbor except Antwerp in Bel­ well under its rated capacity. Recreation fa­ tended period. gium. During the Vietnam War, the naval cilities are superb with new, modem gymna­ The Indian Ocean area is a natural arena ship repair facility in Apra Harbor em­ siums and other sporting areas ashore aug­ for the operation of naval forces. The ocean ployed 2,500 shipyard workers. Today, it is menting the extraordinary water sports of is a vast complex of tanker routes with criti­ operating at less than half that capacity. the Pacific. The same attractions that make cal choke points through the Maldive­ The facility has the necessary equipment to Guam a mecca for tourists are available to Indian Ocean passage, the Mozambique expand rapidly to full capacity. Machinery the Navy residents. Channel, and the straits of Hormuz, Bab al and facilities are rotated or routinely exer­ Home-porting additional ships on Guam Mandeb, Malacca, Sunda, and Lombok. cised and are in excellent condition. The or merely increasing the tempo of port calls More than 90% of Japan's oil is carried over core of the experienced work force has been of major units of the Seventh Fleet have these routes. About 70% of Western Eu­ retained. Local officials estimate that there both advantages and disadvantages that are rope's and more than 40% of U.S. imported is a readily available work force of about based on sound political, economic, and mili­ oil comes from the Persian Gulf. Every day, 1,000 men to bring the ship repair facilities tary rationale. The more significant advan­ about 19 million barrels of oil transit the up to higher tempos. In a few years, the tages that accrue to an increased use of Gulf. Should these sea lines of communica­ total work force could be brought to 2,000 Guamanian facilities Cto include home-port­ tion be closed to the United States and its workers. ing) include Guam's strategic location and allies, the consequences would be serious. The requirements for a supply complex to the fact that it is the most Western exten­ The Pacific is not only strategically im­ support additional home-porting may be sion of the United States. One cannot get portant in its own right, but it is also the met by the Guam naval supply depot, which any closer to the gate of the Indian Ocean most direct approach from the center of currently services both the surface and sub­ and still be on U.S. soil. Expansion of facili­ U.S. continental power to the Indian Ocean. surface elements of the fleet and the air ties or an increase in personnel and ships' The projection of U.S. power into this area components at the naval air station. The use of existing facilities would not require requires facilities in the Indian Ocean to depot facilities were originally designed to negotiations with another country. As a base land and naval aircraft and for the serve much larger fleet units than they cur­ U.S. territory, Guam offers political stabili­ repair, refueling, and in-port relief for ships rently support. These facilities provide a ty and the advantage of operating under of deployed carrier battle groups, Marine good base for rapid, relatively inexpensive U.S. law. owned Diego Garcia. There may also be op­ home-ported force up to a carrier battle Disadvantages to an increase in the Navy portunities for the use of facilities at Si­ group. presence on Guam do exist, however. Expe­ monstown, South Africa, and Karachi, Paki­ A new naval ammunition pier in Apra rience indicates that there are both tolera­ stan. Plans have been made to extend exist­ Harbor, which will further enhance Guam's ble and dangerous military-civilian ratios in ing Indian Ocean facilities and acquire addi­ capabilities, is under construction. There Navy communities. In situations where tional ones as political and economic consid­ are large fuel storage facilities on Guam towns and cities are clearly Navy-dominat­ erations permit. that, if current plans are observed, will be ed, where a great share of the population But no matter how successful the United increased at least five times current capac­ depends upon or indirectly relies on the States is in acquiring access to Indian Ocean ities. Existing commercial storage and the Navy for its economic well-being, there ap- October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26119 pears to be a good relationship between must assume that the Filipinos, having been When a poet of Stanley Kunitz' talent military-civilian _communities most of the very hard bargainers, in exacting payments creates so many valuable works, it is diffi­ time. Norfolk, Virginia, and Jacksonville, for the use of our military bases in the past, cult to choose one that is worthy of special Florida, are examples of this extreme. At would continue to do so. Although it is not the other end of the spectrum is the situa­ our purpose to speculate on the political recognition. Nevertheless, I would like to tion where the naval facilities represent but stability of the Philippines in these pages, it read a poem which I feel is especially ap­ a small part of the economic and social must be a minus in consideration of long­ propriate given the current season in our fabric of the community. The Alameda term commitments to U.S. base expansion. Nation's Capital: Naval Air Station in the vast San Francisco Australia's West Coast, in the region of END OF SUMMER Bay area of California is such an example. Fremantle . is enticing for its access to the Indian Ocean. There is a small Aus­ An agitation of the air, In the former, Navy-dominated case, the A perturbation of the light economic interdependence of the civil-mili­ tralian naval base on Garden Island about 30 miles from Perth. The advantage to Fre­ Admonished me the unloved year tary community is manifest and promotes Would tum on its hinge that night. cooperation. In the latter, civil-dominated mantle is that ships which sortie from the case, whatever problems the military contin­ area are not required to pass through the I stood in the disenchanted field gent may represent, they are relatively Malacca Strait choke point. Constructing Amid the stubble and the stones, small and easily absorbed by the communi­ facilities to accommodate elements of the Amazed, while a small worm lisped to me ty. Seventh Fleet could be expensive, however, The song of my marrow-bones. Military-civil community problems arise for little currently exists to serve as a basic Blue poured into summer blue, when there is an ambivalence about the infrastructure for the support of fleet units. A hawk broke from his cloudless tower, merit contributions the Navy can make rela­ Notwithstanding the fact that Perth looks The roof of the silo blazed, and I knew tive to other industry. The consequences of out over the Indian Ocean, it is a long view That part of my life was over. the mix in any rapid buildup on Guam must indeed to that portion of the ocean that is Already the iron door of the north be considered. Since Guam has historically strategically important to the United Clangs open: birds, leaves, snows embraced a Navy-supported economy, there States. Perth is really as far distant from Order their populations forth, should be few problems of recognizing civil­ the Arabian Sea as is Subic and is incapable And a cruel wind blows. military relations, but they cannot be ig­ of supporting Western Pacific operations. nored. A buildup, poorly coordinated with Significantly, the logistic lines back to the The Worcester area has a long and spe­ the civil leaders, could pose significant prob­ continental United States into the Arabian cial tradition in poetry. It has been the lems and could be seen as a threat to the Sea via Perth are 2,000 nautical miles longer birthplace as well as the home of many of Guamanian tourist industry. than from the continental United States America's great poets: Elizabeth Bishop, In the near-term, then, Guam can easly through Guam, through the Malacca Charles Olson, Chris Gilbert, Mary Fell and reactivate and expand facilities and recruit Straits. of course, Stanley Kunitz. The Worcester work forces to home-port four to five logis­ Secretary of the Navy John Lehman has laid the groundwork for a 600-ship navy. County Poetry Association has over 500 tic or amphibious ships with a total crew members, and is now in its 15th year. It complement of about 2,000 men. No major The programs he has initiated will have a military construction would be required. lasting effect on the maritime strategy of sponsors readings and guest lectures by There are other possibilities of ports and the United States. His concepts are an­ both professional and amateur poets. It is bases to support U.S. naval forward deploy­ chored on an increased number of ships largely through the work of the Worcester ments in the Indian Ocean. These include committed to operations far forward from County Poetry Association that Worcester those in Japan, the Philippines, and Austra­ the United States. The concepts translate to County's poetic tradition is fostered and lia. a greater requirement for advance naval maintained. So it is with great pleasure The Japanese facilities are indispenable bases for home-porting, resupply, repair, and relief of naval forces. All available bases that today I pl'ly tribute to Stanley Kunitz, for Northwest Pacific operations. Japan's the Worcester County Poetry Association strategic location dominating the Soviet Pa­ in the area will undoubtedly require in­ cific Fleet base of Vladivostok and the creased readiness to accept larger numbers and all of the professional and amateur egress routes from the Sea of Japan is an ef­ of ships and increased tempos of activity. Of poets of the Worcester area. fective counter to the Soviet Union's free­ all the possible bases, however, Guam is par­ dom of access to the Pacific. In recognition ticularly suited to serve the new naval strat­ of the significance of Japan's position, there egy. PURITAN CONGREGATIONAL is increased interested in rebuilding the Jap­ CHURCH CELEBRATES CEN- anese fleet to provide for control of the TENNIAL Korean Strait to the south and Soya Strait IN HONOR OF STANLEY KUNITZ in the north, as well as providing for local air defense. HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE HON. PAUL E. KANJORSKI Expansion of Japanese facilities to accom­ OF MASSACHUSETTS OF PENNSYLVANIA modate the increased naval activity in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Pacific is a possibility. Yokosuka is a good IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES harbor with excellent repair facilities. It has Thursday, October 3, 1985 Thursday, October 3, 1985 a competent, large naval supply depot and Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to Mr. KANJORSKI. Mr. Speaker, it is once good deep waterfront accommodations. The again my pleasure to bring to your atten­ naval air facility at Atsugi, used jointly by pay tribute to one of America's great poets, the United States with Japan, is a plus. In a Stanley Jasspon Kunitz. On October 13 tion, and the attention of my colleagues negative sense, Yokosuka is a busy, crowded through 17, the Worcester County Poetry here in the House of Representatives, the port that has little elasticity for expansion. Association will honor this gifted man by lOOth anniversary of another house of wor­ Sasebo, in the south, is also an excellent holding the Stanley Kunitz Poetry Festival. ship in Pennsylvania's Wyoming Valley. port that served the U.S. Navy well in the Many of Mr. Kunitz' friends and colleagues On October 13, the Puritan Congregational Korean War. There are no hospital facilities will join him in Worcester to celebrate this Church in Wilkes-Barre will celebrate its at Sasebo, and no naval air facility is in the very special occasion. centennial. vicinity. Expanding Sasebo could be an ex­ Stanley Kunitz was born on July 29, The 11th Congressional District which I pensive proposition for the United States, Japan, or both. One of the biggest disadvan­ 1905, in Worcester, MA, and his poetry has represent has a long tradition of religious tages to the expansion of facilities on Japa­ been published for 57 of this 80 years. His observance and service to God. We are a di­ nese soil is that they are not American. poetry has covered a wide range of sub­ verse people, represented by the many dif­ Subic Bay in the Philippines is one of the jects, and is frequently full of intriguing ferent churches, temples, and synagogues best naval complexes in the world. Wharf­ and inspiring observations. Stanley Kunitz which dot our countryside. But our age, ship repair, supply, naval air, and on­ has been an active educator, an author of common bond is a commitment and belief base recreation facilities are excellent. Subic numerous books and from 1974 to 1976 he in the power and glory of a loving God. Bay is the closest currently operational U.S. was the Library of Congress' consultant on The Puritan Congregational Church is a base to the gateway to the Indian Ocean. One drawback to the expansion of facilities poetry. He has received many awards special part of that tradition. It was found­ to accommodate the expected surge of activ­ throughout the years, and in 1959, his work ed in 1885 by 64 members of the Welsh ity in this part of the Pacific is the lack of received its due recognition when he re­ church. The members wanted to raise their adequate Navy housing. Another is that one ceived the Pulitzer Prize. children speaking English-rather than 26120 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 their native Welsh-in their new home in in which we Salvadorans live in the coun­ through art can we get outside of ourselves America, so they decided to form a new tries where we are now refugees. and know another's view of the universe. church. There are roughly half a million displaced persons living in El Salvador. Many others On the San Francisco Peninsula, Mr. To celebrate the lOOth anniverary of this Speaker, we are fortunate indeed to have a founding, the church will hold a special have fled to Mexico, where there are an es­ timated 100,000 Salvadoran refugees, and to highly talented, highly original artist who communion service at 10 a.m. on October the United States, where some 300,000 to continues to lead us into other new and 13. This will be the fitting conclusion to a 500,000 Salvadorans have sought refuge. unique worlds through his art-Alexander celebration that is to begin with an anni­ Others have fled to Honduras and Guate­ Nepote. versary banquet on Friday, October 11. A mala. Wherever we are, we suffer from discrimi­ For the past 40 years the bay area has time capsule will be filled and sealed at this been blessed with his artistic genius. He re­ time, to be opened in 99 years-in time for nation, persecution, mistreatment at the ceived his education at the California Col­ the church's 200th anniversary celebration. hands of immigration officials and lack of education. Everywhere we live in subhuman lege of Arts and Crafts in Oakland, where l\fr. Speaker, it is a great honor to call conditions. With the exception of a few he received his B.A. Ed. in 1939. Alex also your attention to this milestone in the his­ countries, we are denied the recognition as studied at the University of California, tory of the Puritan Congregational Church. political refugees despite the granting of Berkeley, and at the Mills College Graduate I am sure that you join me in wishing all such status in 1980 by the United Nations. School in Oakland, where he received his those involved with this exciting event our The experience of living in the United States is often traumatic. We are pursued M.A. in 1942. For the last 25 years, he has sincerest and most heartfelt congratula­ lived in Millbrae. tions. by immigration officials, detained for months in what are virtually concentration Alexander Nepote's professional career camps run by the Immigration and Natural­ began when, at the age of 20, his works THE PLIGHT OF SALVADORAN ization Service, force to pay needlessly high were accepted by the jury for display by the REFUGEES bail, denied medical and other social serv­ Oakland Museum of Art's Annual Water­ ices and reported to immigration officials color Exhibition in 1934. Since that time when we seek help. HON. ROBERT GARCIA The conditions in which Salvadoran refu­ his works have been seen throughout the OF NEW YORK gees are forced to live in the United States United States and around the globe. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are abhorrent. Thousands of Salvadoran In addition to his own artistic achieve­ women work virtually as slaves. These ments, Alex also sought to share his gift Thursday, October 3, 1985 women work long hours for subminimum with others. He and I served together for Mr. GARCIA. Mr. Speaker, the New York wages simply to survive. At such low wages, many years on the faculty of San Francis­ Times ran an op-ed piece today on the Salvadorans can earn just enough money to co State University. While I concentrated plight of Salvadoran refugees in this coun­ pay the landlord and to buy our food. Usual­ on the mundane problems of international try. In that article, the author, Francisco ly we can not afford the luxury of getting sick. This is our terrifying plight. economics, he focused on the sublime Rivera, talks about the Moakley-DeConcini Are we political refugees or, as the Admin­ world of art. bill that would stop the deportation of Sal­ istration asserts, economic refugees? The Mr. Speaker, I could list at great length vadorans until GAO can investigate the ref­ answer, I believe, lies in the number of Alex's accomplishments-exhibitions, col­ ugee's situation. deaths from El Salvador's civil war-they lections, awards, and honors. The list is Mr. Rivera offers a strong argument in now surpass 55,000. It also lies in the level almost endless, and it provides only a mon­ support of Moakley-DeConcini, and I ask of military aid provided by the United ocromatic, one-dimensional record of an that my colleague's carefully consider that States to enable the Salvadoran Govern­ outstanding multifaceted and colorful argument. ment to maintain and control its so-called career. democracy. As long as the economic and REAGAN MISTREATS SALVADORAN REFUGEES military aid continues to flow, Salvadoran I do want to mention a few, however,

On September 23, 1884, the Rt. Rev. Wil­ provisions under the Tax Code generally, ~hemical weapons. Our current inventory liam O'Hara, bishop of the newly estab­ which permit the taxpayer any income tax of such weapons has maintained a long and lished diocese of Scranton, purchased a relief related to interest income and per­ excellent safety record. plot of ground for the purpose of erecting a sonal funds which are out of reach in Mr. Speaker, we in the House have a church. Father Thomas J. Rea supervised failed institutions. Under the current law, chance to salvage this $2.3 billion mistaken the construction, and in 1885 the men of taxable interest can still accrue and losses situation. The Department of Defense ap­ the parish cleared the land, built the foun­ which are often calculable, may not be de­ propriation bill will provide us with an op­ dation and were present at the laying of ducted. portunity to strike this dangerous situation the cornerstone. Early the next year the To add some sense to the tax treatment out of the Department's funds. It will be a plain rectangular structure was completed, of the depositors, I have introduced a bill rare second chance for the House to rectify and the first mass in St. Catherine's was of­ which would provide for the following a dangerous and expensive mistake. I urge fered to God in the late spring of 1886. relief provisions: my colleagues to read the following editori­ Picnics, fairs, suppers, and dances were First, interest credited on a deposit or ac­ al from the New York Times. Nerve gas held to raise funds, and within 10 years the count in a failed financial institution will and chemical weapons have been called in­ church was paid for. The determination of not be included in income during any time humane and uncivilized since their incep­ the members of the parish is inspiring; in which the interest cannot be withdrawn tion. There is no reason to think otherwise during the early years of the parish the by the depositor. today. faithful fulfilled their religious obligations Second, losses suffered by depositors on The article follows: by traveling to the various churches in the their deposits in a failed financial institu­ [From the New York Times] Wyoming Valley. Some families walked tion would be treated as ordinary losses How To GET TouGH WITH NERVE GAs barefoot down the mountain, stopped at a not subject to capital loss limitations. Nerve gas is a hideous weapon, but as long creek or spring, washed their feet, put on Third, losses suffered by depositors as Soviet troops are equipped with chemical their shoes and attended mass. In order to would also be exempted from the nonbusi­ munitions, American troops cannot be receive communion with a sodality or other ness bad debt provisions and thus would be denied an effective response. That's why the group some people walked to the churches deductible when the loss can be reasonably Defense Department's plan to build a new in Wilkes-Barre. The priests who came to estimated. generation of chemical arms-so-called Mountaintop had to walk or avail them­ I have been joined in introducing this bill "binary" weapons-is· so dismaying. Never by Mr. DUNCAN and Mr. BEREUTER, who mind their vast extra cost, their destabiliz­ selves of any passing carriage. ing effect on NATO or the initiation of a St. Catherine's Church has undergone have been instrumental in drafting many of new race in chemical arms; the new binary many changes in 100 years; it has served as the provisions. Their input and insight has weapons will be less effective. a mission church at various times through­ been invaluable in this process. Every new weapon has defects, often seri­ out its history for many churches in the It must be noted that this is not a "bail­ ous, which field test may remedy. Binary Wyoming Valley and is currently a mission out" bill for any financial institution or weapons surely have their share, but these of St. Jude's Church in Wright Township. any group of depositors. Rather, this is as-yet-unknown flaws remain undetected be­ Since September 1984 Msgr. William P. simply a measure to accord the depositors cause Congress has restricted field tests. No soldier should be asked to fight with untest­ Ward and Rev. John J. Kulavich alternate in these institutions a tax treatment which ed weapons. And the Bigeye bomb, one of serving mass with Rev. J. Duane Gavitt, is consistent with the economic realities of the proposed binary weapons, is still who was placed in charge of all its activi­ the event. The losses are very real for all plagued with manifest design flaws. ties as well as the additional ministry of concerned and there is little fair about Advocates say binary weapons will be lectors and cantors. being taxed on income which is not under safer to handle, since the nerve gas is not Religious faith has played an important your control. generated until two chemicals are mixed, in role in the development of our Nation, and Because of the importance of this issue flight, in the delivery shell. Maybe, but the the 100-year history of St. Catherine's to so many people, I would urge my col­ present shells and bombs have a long and excellent safety record, without a single se­ Church is testament to the continuing im­ leagues to consponsor this measure and to rious accident. Why fix a non-problem? Ad­ portance religion has in the lives of Ameri­ help institute more fairness in our Tax vocates of binaries contend the present cans. Mr. Speaker, I am honored to com­ Code. stockpile has sprung leaks. Yes, there are memorate the distinguished history of St. minute leaks-in 0.0006 percent of artillery Catherine's Church before my colleagues in shells. All other stockpiled shells are usable. the House of Representatives. BINARY WEAPONS CAN BE The only practical reason for moving to STOPPED-IF THE HOUSE ACTS binary weapons would be evidence that the present stockpile might later deteriorate RELIEF FOR DEPOSITORS IN HON. JAMES J. FLORIO beyond use. That's an answerable techncial question. A blue-ribbon panel appointed by FAILED FINANCIAL INSTITU- OF NEW JERSEY TIO NS the Department of Defense is conducting IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES aging tests. Why rush to start making Thursday, October 3, 1985 binary weapons, costing $2.3 billin over five HON. HAL DAUB years, when these tests may well show the OF NEBRASKA Mr. FLORIO. Mr. Speaker, on June 19 of present stockpile has a long life ahead? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this year the House of Representatives sent What truly needs fixing is not chemical a message to the Pentagon and to the offense but defense. The Pentagon has so Thursday, October 3, 1985 world. By a vote of 229 to 196 the produc­ far failed to institute advice by the Defense Mr. DAUB. Mr. Speaker, each of us has tion of binary chemical weapons was ap­ Science Board to remedy gaps in manpower, proved-with but one important caveat. training and equipment. The Army has no to have been caught unaware by the series medical products in the field for care of of financial institution failures during The weapons would not be produced until chemical casualties, no proper decontamin­ recent years. How many times has the the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ants of equipment and no antidote against newspaper run pictures of long lines in [NATO] requested that the binary weapons the standard Soviet nerve gas. Commanders front of locked closed doors? How often be stored in Europe. Many of our col­ often subvert training requirements, such as have we seen television interviews with leagues were swayed by this provision as it showing troops how to eat in a contaminat­ angry depositors who have their life sav­ was fully realized that a request from ed environment, according to the General ings at stake? The scenes are particularly NATO for the weapons to be stored in Accounting Office. Europe would hardly be forthcoming. Maintaining deficit chemical defenses, and disturbing when I think about the perilous replacing effective weapons with unproven condition of many more smaller financial This important provision was dropped in ones, is hardly the best way of deterring the institutions in farm country, U.S.A. the conference with the Senate. There is Soviet Union from first use of chemical What is truly a travesty, however, is that now no obstacle to the production of weapons. our current Tax Code adds salt to the binary chemical weapons. There is in fact a For the last three years the House has re­ wounds of these depositors. There are no license to produ~e untested and unneeded f used to allow production of binary weap- October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26123 ons. This year, under the shadow of the hi­ ment without rest. Pat has many good water issues facing this Nation. Our subcom­ jacked Americans taken hostage in Leba­ friends on Capitol Hill, and in every State mittee has jurisdiction over the Water Re­ non, it mistakenly changed position, but re­ Capitol in the West; I like to count myself sources Division of the U.S. Geological quired that production not begin until among them. Survey. Working with the division and the NATO requests that binary weapons be Pat, we wish you all the best in your re­ bureau, we intend to hold a series of hear­ stored in Europe. Since several NATO coun­ tirement. It goes without saying that we will ings on ground water problems. tries are highly unlikely to allow present miss you. PERSPECTIVES ON ISSUES stockpiles to be replaced with binaries, the ACTIVE CHAIRMAN This agenda is a full one. However, it rep­ condition is highly desirable insurance. Yet Ladies and gentlemen, for the decade I resents my personal commitment to actively it was surrendered in conference with the have served in Congress, I have had a deep Senate. work at solving complex water problems. In interest in water resource matters especially addition to my interest in addressing these The House has a chance to redress its as they affect my congressional district. problems, I bring several perspectives to the error next month as it writes the Pentagon's Contra Costa County, California-my dis­ chairmanship of this subcommittee which I appropriations bill. Binary weapons are a trict-is the heart of the Sacramento-San would like to share with you: bad buy, and there's no good reason for the Joaquin Delta. It is often described as the I have always felt that answers to water House to abandon its longstanding distrust center of the "hour glass" of water develop­ problems lie not in concrete, but in creative of them. ment in California. We are affected by every approaches to water problems. water resource decision made from the I have always had a voting record in sup­ north coast to San Diego and we are indi­ HON. GEORGE MILLER'S SPEECH port of environmental protection. In addi­ rectly affected by nearly every decision tion, I have a deep personal interest in envi­ BEFORE THE NATIONAL made in the Colorado River Basin as well. ronmental issues. I'm proud of my record WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIA­ So I look forward with great excitement and I hope to expand on it in the future. TION to chairing the Subcommittee on Water and Environmental concerns should not obstruct Power Resources. It provides me with an op­ essential projects; nor can they be ignored HON. GEORGE MILLER portunity to pursue my longstanding inter­ or minimized by water planners. ests in water resources reform nationally, I have a long-standing commitment to OF CALIFORNIA and to help meet the water resource needs water pricing reform as demonstrated in my IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of my own constituents in Contra Costa work on the Reclamation Reform Act of County, and throughout California. Thursday, October 3, 1985 1982. I believe that if water is priced at rea­ Our subcommittee will be very active. sonable levels, it will promote wiser and less Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Speaker, There is a long list of problems and projects wasteful use. on April 22, I addressed the membership of requiring our attention and I don't intend to I believe in the strict enforcement of the the National Water Resources Association duck or delay addressing these problems. Reclamation Reform Act. I spent 6 years on at their annual spring meeting in Washing­ SUBCOMMITTEE AGENDA that effort. The 1982 law was the result of ton. As many of my colleagues know, that I would like to briefly discuss some of the an agonizing and difficult political struggle. organization has for many years been a major items on the agenda of the subcom­ A compromise was reached and agreed to by potent and effective force in the shaping of mittee. all parties. The weakening of that landmark The members are very interested in a law is not on the agenda of this subcommit­ Western water resource development poli­ number of California water resources issues. tee. I intend to see that that compromise is cies. It was a real pleasure for me to have The most complex problem is, of course, the implemented, and implemented vigorously. the opportunity to share with that organi­ contamination of Kesterson Reservoir as a I believe that those who benefit from zation my perspectives on water resource result of agricultural drainage water. The water projects must pay their fair share of development issues, and to set forth my solution to this problem will be difficult, ex­ the costs. Those who assist beneficiaries in agenda for the subcommittee's work in the pensive and it will set a precedent for simi­ repaying-such as power consumers or tax­ 99th Congress. lar problems in the West. payers-should clearly understand how We're very concerned about insuring the Since I delivered those remarks almost 6 much they are repaying over what period of protection of delta water quality through a time. If the beneficiaries are not willing or months ago, the subcommittee has taken coordinated operating agreement between able to pay their fair share, then I do not action on several of the agenda items out­ the California and the Federal Government. believe the taxpayers have an obligation to lined in my remarks to the NWRA. The In addition, there are problems with exist­ construct that project, regardless of prom­ House has passed H.R. 3113, my bill to au­ ing California projects, like the San Luis ises made in the past, when economic condi­ thorize the coordinated operation of the unit, and with new projects like the mid­ tions were much different. huge State and Federal water projects in valley canal or Santa Margarita that we will Finally, because I serve on the Budget address. Committee, I have an interest in the cost of California. Also sent to the Senate is H.R. We have held hearings on the Garrison 1246, which will create a protective flood­ water resource development projects, and Commission report and a markup is sched­ how we as a nation will find the money to way on the lower Colorado River. uled for April 30 to report a bill to reformu­ build these projects. We are continuing our work on many late the project. other pressing water development prob­ The State of Nebraska and the congres­ WATER PROJECT COSTS: NEW CONCERN IN CONGRESS lems, especially the problem of contaminat­ sional delegation now support a reformula­ It is the problem of growing congressional ed and toxic agricultural drainage water tion of the O'Neill Project; we'll also markup an O'Neill bill on April 30. concern for the cost of water resource from some irrigation projects. We are an Several problems have developed at large projects that I want to address more fully active subcommittee, and I look forward to projects which the subcommittee will have this morning. tackling the issues I outlined for the to address. These include: <1 > Flood control You've all heard in past meetings from NWRA members last April. and storage features for the Central Arizo­ Congressmen and Senators who said that Mr. Speaker, the text of my remarks fol­ na Project, <2> cost ceiling and repayment finding funds to insure the timely comple­ lows: issues with the Central Utah Project, and tion of projects would be a difficult task. <3> cost ceiling problems with Auburn dam. This year, I can assure you things are dif­ HON. GEORGE MILLER'S SPEECH BEFORE THE The Small Reclamation Loan Project Act ferent. The days of expanding bureau con­ NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, authorization ceiling needs to be raised if we struction budgets are gone. APRIL 22, 1985 - are to continue this program. H.R. 2025, in­ As you all know, the President has submit­ INTRODUCTION troduced by Chairman Udall and supported ted a budget which includes a $200 million Ladies and gentlemen, I want to thank by this association, will receive hearings reduction in the bureau construction pro­ you for giving me the opportunity to be before the subcommittee. gram. This represents a 27-percent reduc­ with you this morning at your annual spring We intend to examine several bureau ac­ tion over last year. meeting. tivities that have not previously been exam­ The President's budget request represents Let me begin by saying a few words about ined by a congressional subcommittee. a reality which all of us must face. I would the upcoming retirement of Pat O'Meara, ~hese will include a review of the bureau's also caution that his request is simply the who has ably served this organization for construction contracting procedures, as well latest in a series of construction funding re­ almost 10 years. I have thoroughly enjoyed as a thorough examination of their foreign ductions over the last 10 years. my often turbulent relationship with Pat. activities. The chances of restoring the bureau's He's a strong advocate and he has champi­ Finally, ground water depletion problems budget back to a billion dollar level are near oned the cause of water resource develop- are some of the most complex and pressing zero and dropping fast. 26124 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 There is a growing consensus in the House vation, water pricing initiatives, water bank­ hanced efficiency, improved employee of Representatives that every request for ing and other methods designed to solve funds will get careful scrutiny, and especial­ today's problems at less cost. morale and favorable recognition in the ly requests for construction of public works Third, we must insure that we have repay­ . community. projects. ment methods that insure projects are This system of shared informatiOit is be­ Unless those of us on authorizing commit­ repaid on a timely basis. This is critical if coming the key which unlocks the door to tees make changes-and make them quick­ those of us from the west are to convince job opportunities for handicapped people. ly-the results are fairly predictable. other Members of the Congress to support It forces both employers and coworkers to The backlog of authorized, but unfunded water resource development projects. projects will grow steadily. Finally, we must insure that the solutions recognize that a disability is not an insur­ The time required to complete projects we seek to water resource problems are sen­ mountable obstacle. As one successful will lengthen, and in some cases, exceed sev­ sitive to environmental concerns. We woman with a disability stated recently, eral decades and cost increases alone will cannot, and should not, ignore environmen­ "There's nothing I can't do. I just do it dif­ doom many projects. tal values. Moreover, those in the water development ferently." Through JAN's information community who have legitimate and press­ CONCLUSION clearinghouse, employers get the return of ing needs, will see them go .unfunded be­ I apologize for sounding pessimistic, be­ skilled and highly productive workers for a cause large projects will take a greater cause I'm not. I didn't become subcommittee minimum investment. share of a shrinking funding pie. chairman in order to exercise jurisdiction over a dying program. I encourage my colleagues to look care­ Consider the following: One-third of the fully at the successful growth of the Job entire bureau construction budget is devot­ I'm excited about the future. There are ed to one project-the central Arizona critical water resource problems in the West Accommodation Network. It is a prime ex­ project. The central valley, central Utah, that need an active Federal involvement ample of money well spent. and Garrison projects take up another 25 through the Bureau of Reclamation and percent. U.S. Geological Survey. These agencies, and In other words, over one-half of the the Congress, can help you solve these prob­ HONORING GLORIA VARGAS RE­ budget goes to just four projects. lems. CIPENT OF THE 1985 SERVICE Let me give you another important exam­ We share a common goal: Solving water ple of the situation we find ourselves in. I resources problems. I look forward to the AWARD FROM THE LOS ANGE­ am sure that nearly everyone here has task with great excitement. LES COUNTY COMMISSION heard of the peripheral canal in California. FOR WOMEN Proponents have insisted for decades that the canal was essential to the water develop­ JOB ACCOMMODATION ment future of my State. Along with many NETWORK HON. ESTEBAN EDWARD TORRES others, I strongly oppose the canal. OF CALIFORNIA For 10 years, the canal's proponents were unwilling to compromise on the issues of en­ HON. CHARLES WILSON IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF TEXAS vironmental impacts or the canal's cost. The Thursday, October 3, 1985 result has been a stalemate over water de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES velopment. Thursday, October 3, 1985 Mr. TORRES. Mr. Speaker, I ask my col­ The same thing has occurred at the Fed­ leagues to join me in congratulating Gloria Mr. WILSON. Mr. Speaker, during de­ eral level. No new authorizations have Vargas as a recipient of the 1985 Service passed Congress in over a decade. If we are bates on Government spending and trim­ to have water development, we must recog­ ming budgets by cutting unnecessary fund­ Award from the Los Angeles County Com­ nize that environmental and cost factors ing, many of us may lose sight of those mission for Women. Gloria is an active or­ must be considered. programs that more than pull their weight ganizer and volunteer in the San Gabriel That is what our subcommittee is now in providing a service to Americans. Valley Area that I represent. She is being trying to do in the case of the Garrison and One such program could be put on the honored by the commission on October 9 O'Neill projects. We are trying to forge com­ for h~r outstanding contributions to the promises between environmentalists and block soon, because of needed streamlining project proponents, while at the same time in other departments of its parent commit­ community. putting together a package that will receive tee. Gloria is currently working for the Bas­ a majority vote in a cost conscious Congress. The Job Accommodation Network [JAN] sett Unified School District as a community WHAT TO no? is a national information and consulting relations specialist. Because of her experi­ Given these budgetary realities, what can service for employers who want to hire or ence in education she has been the featured be done? retain people with disabilities. It brings to­ speaker in conferences and seminars on First, we must eliminate some projects gether information from many sources on education. from the backlog. We must recognize that practical and cost-effective ways to make While Gloria is a native of Arizona, she every authorized bureau project will not be workplace accommodations for employees built. has spent most of her life in California. Projects designed to correct problems that with disabilities. She is a graduate of Lincoln High School existed decades ago and that no longer As a service of the President's Committee in Los Angeles and in 1974 received her exist, must be deauthorized. on Employment of the Handicapped, JAN Bachelor of Arts from California State Uni­ Projects where there are only a few dozen is available to any employer-from the versity at Los Angeles. Gloria earned her beneficiaries and where power consumers or largest corporation to the small family degree attending classes as a full-time stu­ taxpayers repay the vast bulk of the costs business-via a toll-free telephone number. dent while working full-time to support her should also be dropped. Suggestions for meeting workplace adapta­ We must insist on requirements designed family. tion needs are offered immediately. More Gloria has participated in programs for to weed out uneconomic projects. These re­ detailed infm:mation on available equip­ quirements should include up-front cost­ the United Way, Red Cross, La Puente sharing, relevant interest rates, repayment ment and design options at minimum cost is mailed within days. The only fee request­ Valley Welfare Council and the Commis­ by project beneficiaries, fewer delays in con­ sion Femenil. She has also been a volun­ struction, and construction methods which ed is that the employer add the benefits of keep costs to a minimum. his or her experience to the information teer in numerous youth development pro­ Second, we must insist on a planning proc­ bank at JAN after completing these work­ grams. ess that results in realistic solutions to con­ place accommodations. Mr. Speaker, I rise today on the floor of temporary water problems at minimal cost. Placing the most qualified person in the the House to commend Gloria Vargas for This will mean a more active non-Federal right job or retaining trained personnel is her tireless efforts in making our commu­ role in planning and efforts to share solu­ nity a better place. On behalf of the people tions among local, State and Federal agen­ always the goal of a cost-conscious employ­ cies. er in any size business. Successful place­ of the 34th Congressional District I want to This planning process should also search ment saves employers time, money, and thank her for her dedication to improving for less capital intensive solutions, such as valuable personnel resources. Participants the welfare of her fellow citizens. improved water management, water conser- in the JAN network repeatedly report en- October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26125 U.N. ANNIVERSARY of some of the best Italian restaurants in President with line-item veto authority. CELEBRATION the United States, this town is a microcosm Congress is composed of 435 separate inter­ of the values that have made American the est groups which, as legislative bodies, are HON. BILL GREEN greatest Nation on the face of the Earth. simply unable to say no; whereas the Presi­ These values of family, hard work, and dent represents a national constituency and OF NEW YORK fiscal responsibility have enabled Mamaro­ is in a far better position to place national IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES neck to survive through its first 325 years priorities above parochial interests. Thursday, October 3, 1985 and will no doubt allow them to survive in I would urge my colleagues to read Mr. GREEN. Mr. Speaker, I would like to the next 325 years. Emmett Tyrrell's words, while keeping in take this opportunity to recognize the The opportunity to deliver this statement mind the serious economic consequences of Southern New York State Division of the of praise and congratulations to my neigh­ an expanding national deficit. United Nations Association-USA, and its bors in Mamaroneck is truly an honor and BUDGETARY CHAOS for that, Mr. Speaker, I thank you. celebration of the 40th anniversary of the Jimmy Carter, and it grew at the same rate HON. JOSEPH J. DioGUARDI forces in France. during the first term of the heartless During the Great Depression, Paderewski Ronald Reagan. OF NEW YORK repeatedly contributed the receipts from The budget grows because Congress IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES his concerts to help veterans groups and spends. It underfunds new programs as well Thursday, October 3, 1985 the unemployed living in the United States. as old programs. Then as the year passes He was named an honorary member of the and the money runs out, it quietly approves Mr. DIOGUARDI. Mr. Speaker, I am American Legion, the only foreign civilian a budget-busting supplemental appropria­ pleased to have this opportunity to note the tion. It lumps pork barrel in with the neces­ ever to receive that distinction. sities of government and hopes that the 325th anniversary of the founding of the I ask my colleagues to please join me in town of Mamaroneck, in Westchester President will accept the bad with the good. commemorating this champion of liberty It solemnly passes low-priority bills early in County, in New York State. who spent his life selflessly dedicated to the I am honored to represent Mamaroneck its session and holds high-priority bills for enrichment of humankind. later when pressure has built to pass them town in Congress. On the Sound Shore, this whether or not they are in breach of budg­ municipality is joined together by the his­ etary resolutions. toric Boston Post Road and includes the THE CASE FOR A PRESIDENTIAL Some in Congress charge that deficits are villages of Larchmont and Mamaroneck LINE-ITEM VETO a consequence of Ronald Reagan's 1981 tax Village. cuts. They seem to have forgotten that the Many people think that the suburban HON. JIM COURTER following year he welcomed a tax increase counties of New York City have only been with the understanding that he would be OF NEW JERSEY getting a two dollar spending cut for every settled in recent years, yet this town has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dollar in new taxes. The cuts were not been a busy community even before the Thursday, October 3, 1985 made. Only the taxes became law. founding of New York City in 1664. Ronald Reagan's 1981 tax cuts merely From Orienta Point to Saxon Woods Mr. COURTER. Mr. Speaker, The Ameri­ brought federal taxes down to the level of a Park, this community of 30,000 is noted for can Spectator recently ran an important decade ago, 19 percent of the Gross Nation­ its incredible diversity. From the country column by R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr., which al Product. In those days, federal spending clubs in the North end and the yacht clubs points out the reasons why we should seri­ was at approximately 20 percent of GNP. It on the shore to Mamaroneck Village, home ously consider legislation to provide the grew to 23 percent of GNP under Jimmy 26126 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 Carter and a colossal 25 percent under the the Government of Nicaragua? Approve the for law in the Kennedy Administration's re­ arctic Reagan Administration. Clearly creation and funding of a "contra" force to sponses. I know his devotion to the Ameri­ spending is the problem, and to get federal fight that war? Approve American direction can principle that power must answer to spending back to 20 percent of GNP Con­ of the force? Approve the use of terrorist law. gress would have to cut more than $120 bil­ methods? Approve the mining of harbors, Mrs. Kirkpatrick does not believe in that lion over and above its present promised the destruction of crops~ the shooting of principle. She thinks the end of effective ex­ cuts. Nor is this the spending of good Sa­ wedding parties? · ecutive power justifies the means. She maritans with big hearts. Rather it is the The American people did not approve thinks the duty of American lawyers is to spending of incompetents. Over the past those actions, and the Reagan Administra­ cheer what their Government does, however five years Congress has outspent its own tion knows they would not. That is why the lawlessly. She is ignorant of the part that budget resolutions by an average of $28 bil­ President and his cohorts have carried out law has played-law and independent law­ lion yearly. Even in this year of lamentation their Nicaragua policy by stealth and lies. yers-in making America strong and free. over deficits, federal spending will probably The Administration said the objective of exceed the fiscal 1985 budget resolution by the contra war was to interdict weapons more than $20 billion. What we have here is shipments to Salvadoran guerrillas, but Mr. INTRODUCTION OF SPACE a Congress abounding with Warren Gama­ Reagan himself made clear that the purpose SCIENCE RESOLUTIONS liel Hardings or worse. We are told that the was to overthrow the Government of Nica­ late Harding could not say no to the dubious ragua. The Administration pretended that schemes of his cronies. Not only can our Nicaraguans were running the show when HON. WYCHE FOWLER, JR. Hardings not say no, but into their august Americans were. A year after Congress OF GEORGIA chambers they often bring their own dubi­ barred a C.I.A. role, we learned that a Na­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ous schemes. No one ever accused Harding tional Security Council staff member was of this sort of innovativeness. supervising the covert war. Thursday, October 3, 1985 In all of Washington, the only elected of­ All that is what Jeane Kirkpatrick means Mr. FOWLER. Mr. Speaker, today, I am ficial eager and competent to oversee the by "normal democratic processes." She introducing three resolutions aimed at in­ budget is the President. He wants Congress means a political system in which the Exec­ to grant him the line-item veto, allowing utive does what it wants, unhampered by suring a strong, balanced, and affordable him to scotch specific items in bloated ap­ any duty to account for its actions. It is the American Space Science Program. propriations bills rather than accept them, model followed in many countries, but it is The first resolution presents the recom­ fat and all. Congress did give the President not what George Washington and James mendations of the National Academy of a limited version of the line-item veto in its Madison had in mind at our Constitutional Sciences' Astronomy Survey Committee for 1974 Budget Act. I suggest that all the liber­ Convention. the future course of U.S. programs in as­ als and conservatives on the hill would pros­ That the Reagan Administration wants tronomy and astrophysics. per if the President were granted this power without accountability is not news. The second resolution addresses the rec­ simple tool. Liberals could brag of their gen­ President Reagan has tried to give the erosity; conservatives could brag of their United States an Official Secrets Act by ex­ ommendations of NASA's Solar System Ex­ frugality. Meanwhile, at 1600 Pennsylvania ecutive order, without legislation. He has ploration Committee for the continued ex­ Avenue someone would be in charge: King declared "national emergencies" in order to ploration of the solar system by the United Ronald I, the natural consequence of demo­ impose economic sanctions without Con­ States. cratic leaders who will not lead. gressional approval. He has made recess ap­ These two resolutions are updated ver­ pointments to avoid the inconvenience of sions of measures I introduced in the last Senate confirmation. He resisted any re­ session of Congress. A FITTING RESPONSE straint on his rash use of troops in Lebanon. The final resolution is concerned with But Nicaragua is the most dangerous ex­ the recently issued recommendations of the ample of the authoritarian tendency. It is HON. ROBERT GARCIA also the most discouraging, for those of us National Academy of Sciences' Committee OF NEW YORK who count on Congress to rein in an over­ on Solar and Space Physics for future IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES weening Executive. American research programs in these Thursday, October 3, 1985 When Congress last summer approved fields. "humanitarian assistance" to the contras, it At this time, I would like to insert in the Mr. GARCIA. Mr. Speaker, columnist An­ appeared to exclude an American military RECORD the text of these three resolutions. thony Lewis has written a poignant article role. But while practically nobody noticed, H. CON. RES. 206 on the World Court hearings concerning it opened the back door to just such a role. A supplemental appropriations bill, now Concurrent resolution endorsing the recom­ the United States, Nicaragua, and the Con­ mendation of the Astronomy Survey Com­ tras. law, allows U.S. authorities to "exchange in­ formation" with the contras. And Repre­ mittee for astronomical and astrophysical It discusses, among other things, the rule sentative Dave Mccurdy, Democrat of Okla­ exploration and understanding during the of law and its role in the formulation of homa, succeeded in writing into the Intelli­ 1980's our foreign policy. I thought my colleagues gence Authorization for 1986 language that Whereas the United States program for might enjoy reading it. the report says would permit "provision of astronomy and astrophysics has made a sig­ The article follows: intelligence information or advice to the nificant material, cultural, and intellectual [From the New York Times, Thursday, Oct. contras." contribution to the quality of life in the 3, 1985) Edgar Chamorro, a former contra leader, United States and worldwide; told the World Court in an affidavit what Whereas the United States has been at LUST FOR POWER such "information" means. Among other the forefront of astronomy and has been things, he said, the C.I.A. advised the con­ the world leader in this field over the past BosToN.-Jeane Kirkpatrick has just per­ tras of "the precise locations of all Nicara­ twenty years, during which time important formed a valuable service for American de­ guan Government military units." That is discoveries have been made which radically mocracy. She has given us a glimpse of the what the legislation would evidently allow. changed our concepts of the origin and evo­ authoritarian mentality that lies beneath Mr. Mccurdy and his colleagues say they lution of stars, galaxies, and the Universe the genial surface of the Reagan Administra­ are against U.S. intervention while actually itelf; tion: its lust for power without accountabil­ allowing it. Whereas in the period since 1960 the ity. The example of the Chamorro affidavit United States has played a predominant In a newspaper column Mrs. Kirkpatrick shows one function of the World Court role in such astronomical discoveries as qua­ denounced Prof. Abram Chayes of the Har­ hearings: to bring out the facts of what the sars, the cosmic microwave background radi­ vard Law School for representing Nicaragua United States is doing in Nicaragua. That is ation, pulsars, neutron star binaries, super­ in its World Court suit against the United accountability-which the Reagan Adminis­ lw;ninal expansion of interstellar radio States. An American lawyer who thus op­ tration has tried to duck by running away sources, solar coronal holes, anomalous poses his own Government, Mrs. Kirkpat­ from the World Court proceeding and solar neutrino flux, a gravitational lens, and rick said, violates "a citizen's obligation to smearing the court. extrasolar planets. support decisions made through normal I should say that I am a friend of Profes­ Whereas astronomy and astrophysics democratic processes." sor Chayes. When he was Legal Adviser to make an essential contribution to the scien­ By what "normal democratic process" did the State Department during the Cuban tific and technological vigor of the United the American policy approve a war against missile crisis, I saw his insistence on respect States, and maintaining United States lead- October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26127 ership in these areas will be an increasing <8> Federal grants in support of basic as­ Cl> future X-ray observatories in space; challenge during the next decade as other tronomical research at United States univer­ <2> instruments for the detection of gravi­ nations continue to develop their scientific sities; and tational waves from astronomical objects; capabilities; <9> programs at the National Astronomy <3> long-duration spaceflights of infrared Whereas recent budgetary constraints on Centers. telescopes cooled to cryogenic temperatures: Federal support for astronomy and astro­ SEc. 4. The Congress endorses the follow­ <4> a very large telescope in space for opti­ physics have damaged United States space ing prerequisites, as set forth by the Astron­ cal, ultraviolet, and near-infrared observa­ science capabilities, particularly in the fields omy Survey Committee, which are neces­ tions; of ground-based astronomy, university re­ sary to support the gathering and analysis <5> a program of advanced interferometry search, and new technology development; of data produced by new research initiatives in the radio, infrared, and optical spectral Whereas in 1978 at the request of the Na­ and which should receive additional total regions; tional Science Foundation and the funding of up to approximately $190,000,000 <6> advanced gamma-ray experiments; and Natio.nal Aeronautics and Space Administra­ over the next ten <7> astronomical observatories on the tion . the National Academy of Sci­ years: Moon. ences created the Astronomy Survey <1 > instrumentation and detectors; Committee to develop priorities for a com­ <2> theory and data analysis; prehensive program in astronomy and astro­ <3> computational facilities; H. CON. RES. 205 physics for the next decade; <4> laboratory astrophysics; and Concurrent resolution endorsing the recom­ Whereas the two previous decennial stud­ <5> technical support at ground-based ob­ mendations of the Solar System Explora­ ies of astronomy and astrophysics conduct­ servatories. tion Committee for the continued explora­ ed by the NAS helped to identify the major SEC. 5. The Congress endorses the follow­ tion of the solar system by the United astronomical programs carried out by the ing major new programs in order of priority, States United States in the 1960's and 1970's; and as set forth by the Astronomy Survey Com­ Whereas the United States program for Whereas in 1982 the Astronomy Survey mittee, which are critically important for solar system exploration has benefited hu­ Committee ~ued its report, Astronomy and the rapid and effective progress of astro­ manity greatly in terms of new knowledge Astrophysics for the 1980's, containing its nomical research and which should receive about the Earth and its place in the Uni­ recommendations for the conduct of the total funding of up to approximately verse; United States astronomy and astrophysics $950,000,000 over Whereas the United States has been the program over the next ten years, and these the next ten years: world leader in solar system exploration, recommedations have been widely endorsed Cl> an Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Fa­ sending the first spacecraft to successfully as representing the consensus viewpoint of cility ; Saturn, and this preeminence has rewarded Now, therefore be it <2> a Very-Long-Baseline Array of the Nation immeasurably in national pride Resolved by the House of Representatives radio telescopes; and prestige; fthe Senate concurring), That it is the sense <3> a New Technology Telescope of of the Congress that- the 15-meter class operating from the Whereas in the period between 1961 and <1 > the members, working groups, panels, ground at optical and infrared wavelengths; 1977 the United States launched the and consultants of the Astronomy Survey and Ranger, Surveyor, and Lunar Orbiter mis­ Committee are to be commended for their <4> a Large Deployable Reflector CLDR> in sions to the Moon, the Mariner spacecraft contribution toward the development of a space. series to Mercury, Venus, and Mars, the Pio­ coherent and scientifically valuable pro­ SEC. 6. The Congress endorses the follow­ neer Venus series, Vikings 1 and 2 to Mars, gram for astronomical and astrophysical ex­ ing moderate cost new programs in rough Pioneers 10 and 11 to Jupter and Saturn, ploration and understanding during the order of priority, as set forth by the Astron­ and Voyagers 1 and 2 to Jupiter and Saturn; coming decade; and omy Survey Committee, which should re­ Whereas no American solar system explo­ <2> the recommendations of the Astrono­ ceive total funding of up to approximately ration spacecraft has been launched since my Survey Committee represent a responsi­ $750,000,000 over 1977, and only one new m~ion-the Galileo ble guideline for the conduct of the United the next ten years: orbiter and probe of Jupiter-was author­ States program for astronomy and astro­ Cl) an augmentation to the NASA Explor­ ized between 1977 and 1982; physics for the next ten years. er program; Whereas since the middle 1970's the de­ SEC. 2. The Congress endorses-the follow­ <2> a far-ultraviolet spectrograph in space; clining planetary science budget and the de­ ing research objectives for the astronomy <3> a space VLB interferometry antenna in mands for more sophisticated and more ex­ and astrophysics program, as set forth by low-Earth orbit; pensive ~ions has led to less frequent the Astronomy Survey Committee: <4> the construction of optical/infrared planetary ~ion starts, and the smaller <1 > the large scale structure of the Uni- telescopes in the two- to five-meter class; number of new m~ions has reduced pro­ verse; <5> an Advanced Solar Observatory in gram balance, eroded the research base, and <2> the evolution of galaxies; space; increased individual mmsion costs; <3> violent cosmic events; <6> a series of cosmic-ray experiments in Whereas in 1980, to address the problems <4> the formation of stars and planets; space; and in the United States planetary exploration <5> solar and stellar activity; <7> an astronomical Search for Extrater­ program, NASA formed the Solar System <6> extra-solar planets and extraterrestrial restrial Intelligence . Exploration Committee to devise a life and intelligence; and SEC. 7. The Congress endorses the follow­ new approach to the exploration of the <7> forces of nature and Grand Unified ing smaller cost new programs, the first of solar system which would recognize the root Theories. which is of highest priority, as set forth by causes of the problem, build upon the sci­ SEc. 3. The Congress endorses the follow­ the Astronomy Survey Committee, which ence rationale and strategies of the Space ing previously approved and continuing pro­ should receive total funding of up to ap­ Science Board and NASA working groups, grams, as set forth by the Astronomy proximately $20,000,000 over the next ten years: dations to NASA; and Cl) the Space Telescope a ground-based antenna of approxi­ Whereas the SSEC has presented a report 1986) and the associated Space Telescope mately ten-meter diameter for submilli­ to the Congress and the American people Science Institute; meter-wave observations; that seeks to identify an affordable, long­ <2> second-generation Space Telescope in­ <2> a spatial interferometer for the mid-in­ term balanced mission strategy for the ex­ strumentation; frared region of the spectrum; ploration of the solar system: Now, there­ <3> the Gamma Ray Observatory ; trometry; and Resolved by the House of Representatives <4> NASA level-of-effort observational pro­ <4> a temporary program to maintain sci­ fthe Senate concurring) That it is the sense grams, including research with balloons, air­ entific expertise at United States universi­ of the Congress that- craft, sounding rockets, Spacelab, and the ties during the 1980's through a series of <1 > the members, working groups, and Explorer Program; competitive awards to young astronomers. staff of the Solar System Exploration Com­ <5> the Solar Optical Telescope are to be commended for launched in 1991>; omy Survey Committee's recommendation their contribution toward the development <6> the Space Infrared Telescope Facility to begin study and development of programs of a coherent, affordable, and scientifically ; that appear to have exceptional promise for valuable program for the continued explora­ <7> facilities for the detection of neutrinos the 1990's and beyond. Such programs could tion of the solar system by the United from the solar interior; include the following: States; and 26128 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 <2> the recommendations of the SSEC rep­ <5> the Comet Atomized Sample Return; the discipline's science objectives during the resent a responsible, and affordable, guide­ <6> the Multiple Mainbelt Asteroid Orbit­ 1980s; line for the conduct of the United States er/Flyby; Whereas constrained budgets in the early solar system exploration program between (7) the Earth-approaching Asteroid Ren- 1980s prevented significant progress in im­ now and the year 2000. dezvous; plementing the 1980 CSSP research strate­ SEc. 2. The Congress endorses the follow­ <8> the Saturn Flyby /Probe; gy, and increased attention to solar and ing goals for the solar system exploration <9> the Uranus Flyby /Probe; space physics research by other nations fur­ program, as set forth in the SSEC report: <10> the Neptune Flyby/Probe; and ther eroded the United States leadership <1 > determination of the present state, <11> the Pluto Flyby. position in this field; origin, and evolution of the solar system; SEC. 6. The Congress endorses the follow­ Whereas in November 1983 the Space Sci­ <2> understanding of the Earth through ing augmentation program projects, as set ence Board directed the CSSP to develop a comparative planetary studies; forth in the SSEC report: priorities-based study of solar and space <3> understanding of the relationship be­ <1) the Mars Sample Return/Rover Mis­ physics, using the 1980 research strategy as tween the chemical and physical evolution sion surveying of the resources available in phere, and organic materials of Mars; ities in Solar-System Space Physics" continued evaluation of possible aug­ plan for implementing these objectives report: through the year 2000: Now, therefore, be it <1 >a balanced core program of high priori­ mentation missions to the outer planets, such as the Titan Buoyant Probe and Pene­ Resolved by the House of Representatives ty science missions of low to moderate cost fthe Senate concurring), should be implemented, with missions to trators or other on-site studies of solid satel­ the three areas of the terrestrial planets, lites; and SECTION I. EXPRESSION OF COMMENDATION TO the small bodies as part of the cost program, a Plane­ augmentation missions, including aerocap­ It is the sense of the Congress that- tary Observer program for low-cost modest­ ture, aeromaneuvering, orbital rendezvous, <1) the members, panels, and consultants ly scaled inner solar system missions, the sampling mobility, sampling handling, ro­ of the CSSP are to be commended for their Marine Mark II modular spacecraft for mis­ botics, solar electric propoulsion, nuclear contribution to the development of a coher­ sions beyond the inner solar system, and a electric propulsion, automated rendezvous, ent, affordable, and scientifically valuable Common Mission Operations System should zero-g landing techniques, and advanced program for solar and space physics re­ be developed; thermal and radiation protection. search by the United States; and <3> planetary research and analysis pro­ <2> the recommendations of the CSSP rep­ grams should be strengthened by restoring H. CON. RES. 204 resent a responsible and affordable guide­ them to the fiscal-year-1981 program levels, Concurrent resolution endorsing the recom­ line for the conduct of the United States adjusted for inflation, by 1986; mendations of the Committee on Solar solar and space physics research program C4) vigorous efforts should be made to and Space Physics for solar and space through the year 2000. seek mutually beneficial international coop­ physics research through the year 2000 SEC. 2. ENDORSEMENT OF CSSP RECOMMENDA­ eration in solar system exploration; Whereas the United States program for TIONS. <5> the core program should be augmented solar and space physics research has played (a) GOALS FOR SOLAR AND SPACE PHYSICS with technologically and scientifically chal­ a key role in the understanding of the near­ PRoaRAM.-The Congress endorses the fol­ lenging missions, as budgetary constraints Earth space environment, and such under­ lowing goals for the solar and space physics allow; and standing has important applications for sci­ program, as set forth in the CSSP report: <6> these activities should be funded at a entific, commercial, and national security <1) Understanding the physics of the Sun, sustained annual level of approximately purposes; of the heliosphere, and of the magneto­ $300,000,000 per year . pioneer in space physics, beginning in 1958 pheres of the Earth, other planets, and SEc. 4. The Congress endorses the follow­ with the discovery of the Van Allen radi­ comets. ing core program projects, as set forth in ation belts encircling the Earth; C2) Studying the interactive processes that the SSEC report: Whereas since 1960 the United States has generate solar variations and linking these <1> the Venus Radar Mapper the Mars Observer a comet rendezvous/asteroid flyby . C4> the Titan Probe/Saturn Orbiter major missions for authorized for a 1988-1992 launch as a joint how, and in what direction, the field of detailed studies on a global scale; CB> moder­ NASA-European Space Agency mission>. space physics should proceed; and the result ate missions for specific, detailed problems; which would determine the chemical com­ was the 1978 National Academy of Sciences' CC) quick response techniques and experi­ position of Titan's atmosphere and the report "Space Plasma Physics: The Study of ments of opportunity ; and rings, moons, and magnetosphere of Saturn. continuation of space and solar physics re­ CD> facility-class instruments that will SEc. 5. The Congress endorses the SSEC's search and recommended that the Commit­ evolve toward space platforms. recommendation that subsequent core mis­ tee on Solar and Space Physics The need to reestablish a level of sions be identified for further study and de­ in this resolution referred to as the flight activity sufficient to address signifi­ velopment. Such missions could include the "CSSP") of the Space Science Board devel­ cant scientific issues. following: op a research strategy for this field; <4> A plan accommodated within a realis­ C1 > the Mars Aeronomy Orbiter; Whereas in 1980 the CSSP issued its tic budget·level that can remain stable over <2> the Venus Atmospheric Probe; report "Solar-System Space Physics in the a period of several years and allow for the C3) the Lunar Geoscience Orbiter; 1980s: A Research Strategy", which defined planning and analysis essential for a suc­ C4> the Mars Surface Probe; a research strategy for implementation of cessful research program. October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26129 5> An average annual funding level of ap­ shield for a projected new start date of 1991 Then there are the 350 Alabama teenagers proximately $400,000,000 Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite project. The Targeted Jobs Tax Credit Pro­ Solar Optical Telescope International Solar Terrestrial Physics initiated a project this past summer that Program which is problems in our community-high winter COMMEMORATION OF 84TH AN­ the highest priority unfunded ~ion in heat bills for low-income residents and NIVERSARY OF ST. JOHN MED­ the CSSP's report, and which is a multina­ ICAL CENTER tional, multispacecraft ~ion to develop a high unemployment among teenagers· from comprehensive, global understanding of the low-income families. generation and flow of energy from the The new program, called Operation HON. DOUGLAS APPLEGATE Sun, through the interplanetary medium, Assist, provided free home weatherization OF OHIO and into the Earth's space environment. for up to 20,000 low-income families IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES <4> Solar Probe Solar Polar Orbiter Enhance current Shuttle/Spacelab unemployed youth, and decreasing heating tember 1960. Since that time, St. John Med,. programs in the discipline of solar and space ical Center has developed into a major physics research, especially in the field of bills for low-income residents. active experiments/space pla.-;ma lab type This effort by Alagasco to help both community health resource by providing medical, surgical, psychiatric, and pediatric mi~ions, Spacelab/Sunlab instruments, and needy customers and youth is a continuing Spartans that make optimal use of shuttle effort by the company over the years to services, through community-centered plan­ capabilities. provide better service to customers in our ning. Today, the hospital, under the direc­ <2> Develop facility-cl~ instrumentation community. I would like to command Ala­ tion of Sister Alice Warrick, is committed for first use on the Shuttle and later evolu­ gasco for initiating this unique response to to ensuring the utmost in quality of care tion into a Solar Terrestial Observatory and community needs, and urge my colleagues rendered. an Advanced Solar Observatory on Space The Sisters of St. Francis and the board Station/Platform and develop m~ion oper­ in the House to use this outstanding ations and data analysis plans for such ob­ project as a model for action in their dis­ of trustees are dedicated to the philosophy servs.tories. tricts. that: St. John Medical Center, as a Catholic <3> Augment the solar terrestrial theory Following is an editorial that appeared in hospital, is an extension of Christ's healing program by the fiscal year 1990. the Birmingham News commending the ministry through participation in the mis­ <4> Support a computer modeling pro­ Alabama Gas Corp. for initiating Operation sion of the church. Its purpose is to pro­ gram, including acce~ to supercomputers as Assist. mote Christian community and enhance recommended by the Physics Survey Com­ the dignity of persons by providing optimal ASSISTING THE COMMUNITY mittee of the National Academy of Sciences. health care services which contribute to the <5> Strengthen the research and analysis Alabama Gas Corp. is helping a lot of program. people this summer through its new "Oper­ physical, psychological, social, intellectual, and spiritual well-being of all people (6) Maintain a stable suborbital program ation ~ist." for flexible, quick-tum-around science ob­ First there are the low-income customers served. jectives in upper atmospheric and space of the gas company_. Some 20,000 homes Mr. Speaker, I am particularly pleased to plasma physics. aero~ the state will be weatherproofed this have my colleagues be aware of this out­ <7> Continue m~ion operations and data year to cut down on gas consumption during standing medical facility because I was analysis funding for existing spacecraft, in the winter. Alabama Gas crews are caulking there to participate in the groundbreaking particular for studies of the heliosphere windows, taping plastic weatherstripping in and later, at the dedication. I hope you will . For some of these people, a $5 to $6 reduc­ ters who attehd to the well-being of their and the Sun . tion in their heating bills will make a big fell ow citizens in need. I am honored to <8> Develop the following enabling tech­ difference. The whole system will benefit if extend my utmost recognition to St. John nologies for future major m~ions: a heat le~ gas is wasted because of poor insulation. Medical Center is Steubenville in com- 26130 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 memorating the 84th anniversary of its In its golden year, the First Ward Com­ other in the role of an unchanging and un­ founding. munity Center can look back at a past rich changeable threat to basic existence and se­ in community service and look forward to curity and to abandon the pattern in which a future shining with promise and growth. each interprets every problem or tension A TRIBUTE TO THE FIRST anywhere in the world as a demonically in­ WARD COMMUNITY CENTER: I take great pride in congratulating the spired work of the other." Church and Society: Social Teachings SERVICE TO THE SAGINAW and ask my colleagues to join with me in of the Presbyterian Church, November/De­ COMMUNITY saluting the anniversary of this organiza­ cember 1984, p. 77. tion which has touched the lives of so The 1982 UPC Assembly even addressed many over the past 50 years. these themes in succession when it called HON. BOB TRAXLER first upon Presbyterians to reexamine their OF MICHIGAN 'own perceptions and attitudes regarding IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BOB WALKER'S LETTER ON the people of the Soviet Union, acknowledg­ ARMS CONTROL AND THE ing that easy acquiescence in popular rheto­ Thursday, October 3, 1985 CHURCH ric and sterotyped perceptions can result in Mr. TRAXLER. Mr. Speaker, I rise today the sins of bearing false witness and self­ J. righteousness.' Church to salute the golden anniversary of the HON. HENRY HYDE and Society: Social Teachings of the Presby­ First Ward Community Center-a dynamic OF ILLINOIS terian Church, November/December 1984, community organization which has served IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES p. 77. the city of Saginaw for the past 50 years. Thursday, October 3, 1985 The struggle for human rights and indi­ Although the First Ward Community vidual freedom around the world has been Center has grown and changed over five Mr. HYDE. Mr. Speaker, a topic of great rigorous and is ongoing. Since World War decades, the mission of the organization interest and importance is that of arms II, U.S. policy relative to human rights in has remained the same: To improve and -control. The various churches and their particular has been to promote the develop­ clergy are speaking out increasingly and ment of democratic systems and to oppose expand the opportunities of the people it the spread of international communism serves. exercising their considerable influence on public opinion. through economic, diplomatic and, as a last The First Ward Community Center began resort, military actions. We feel that the during the Great Depression when the A pointed and well reasoned response to daily oppression of human beings under Service Club of Saginaw founded the com­ recent statements emanating from the international communism speaks for itself, munity center with the purpose of improv­ Presbyterian church has been prepared by and the tragic witnesses to this form of ing "undesirable conditions in the commu­ our colleague, Representative ROBERT human degradation, from Alexander Sol­ nity." The community center started out WALKER, Republican from Pennsylvania, zhenitsyn to the boat people of Vietnam with a soup kitchen to serve the needy of which I commend to everyone's attention: and the mass starvation in Ethiopia, serve CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, as sadly eloquent reminders of the millions the Depression. By the time of the tur~u­ of persons who have been slaughtered, bru­ lent 1960's, the First Ward Community HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, talized, oppressed, displaced and torn by Center was providing a wide range of serv­ Washington, DC, August 2, 1985. Mr. JAMES E. ANDREWS, communism. The General Assembly has ices ranging from adult education to acting Stated Clerk, Office of the General Assembly, movingly, at times, spoken for those abused as a vital communication link between the Presbyterian Church, fU.S.A.J, Atlanta, persons. However, the General Assembly black and white communities. The commu­ GA. also seems to suggest that U.S.-Soviet rela­ nity center has also acted as a conduit be­ DEAR MR. ANDREWS: It is with the utmost tions should not be based on the question of tween Washington and Saginaw as initial concern and respect that we, the under­ human freedom, but rather on an apocalyp­ signed Presbyterian Members of Congress, tic view of the threat of nuclear war and the studies and surveys were made at the com­ implied need to smooth over very meaning­ munity center to prove the need for subsi­ write to you to express our observations concerning various statements and procla­ ful differences between our countries to dized housing. mations by the General Assembly of the attain an aura of peace, even as the commu­ Today, the First Ward Community Presbyterian Church relative to our nist nations of the world are at war with Center is a hub of activity providing educa­ nation's defense and foreign policy. Because their own people. tional, recreational, and cultural activities. of our moral obligation to enact policies The focus of the human rights policy of The center fulfills its commitment to edu­ which promote peace with justice, we look the General Assembly of the Presbyterian cation with a satellite campus of Delta Col­ to the guidance of the Church for direction Church seems to be on Latin Amer­ and moral sustenance. However, to be ica and South Africa, areas where we share lege a branch of the Saginaw Public Li­ grave concerns over human rights, also, al­ bra~ and preschool classes. In addition to direct when we feel that statements made by th~ General Assembly are based on mis­ though we differ with your perspective. The the educational functions, the community perceptions which have too often become statements made by the General Assembly center has responded to high unemploy­ accepted as truths, we feel compelled to ad­ suggest that the most urgent human rights ment in the community by offering job dress ourselves to those inaccuracies. concerns are those in nations which are placement and career counseling. Over the past several years, the General strategically allied with the United States, To understand the success of the First Assembly and various agencies of the Pres­ such as South Africa and El Salvador. How­ ever when the General Assembly speaks on Ward Community Center, it is important to byterian Church have repeatec;tlY witnessed to the aspects of U.S. pohcy u.s.' relations with the Soviet Union. the look at the people who have made it what emphasis is not on human rights but rather it is today. The first executive director of toward Central America, strategic deter­ rence, human rights, and U.S.-Soviet rela­ on the need for Americans to be "less an­ the community center, Edith B. Baille, tions. These are crucial issues in our time, tagonistic" toward the Soviet Union and to guided the center for its first three decades and they are certainly areas where the question the morality of our resolve to from 1935-65. Her successor, Ruben Dan­ Church should address itself. However, we defend our free, democratic nation. Such a iels has ·served as executive director for the respectfully, but strongly, differ on the con­ policy is ultimately self-defeating and is past 30 years. The community center's clusions which the General Assembly has based on the inaccurate belief that, as a nation, we can expect perfection of coun­ growth and expansion from 1965-85 is a reached in many of these areas and with the perceptions on which these conclusions tries which choose to be allies of the west­ tribute to the hard work and dedication of ern democracies, but that we are self-right­ Ruben Daniels, and his ongoing commit­ appear to be based. For that reason, we feel compelled to express our dissent in several eous and hypocritical if we denounce even ment to unity, progress, and opportunity. areas where the Church recently has the most atrocious actions of governments In addition to celebrating the 50th anniver­ spoken. who declare themselves as our enemies. sary of the First Ward Community Center, We also submit that the General Assem­ HUMAN RIGHTS AND UNITED STATES-SOVIET bly has not shown adequate concern for reli­ I would like to take time to honor Ruben RELATIONS Daniels who has seen the community gious freedom in that it has failed to speak The Assembly called upon governmental out against the manipulation of the Church center through changing times and has officials in both countries: ". . . to refrain by totalitarian governments, particularly by always met the challenges presented to from the rhetoric of implacable opposition the Soviet Union and Nicaragua. The Gen­ him. and enmity through which each casts the eral Assembly does not seem to be sensitive October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26131 to the tactics which totalitarian govern­ has occurred because we have often been THE UNITED NATIONS ments have used, and continue to use, to motivated by concern for national security subvert the Church and then use the rather than by concern for justice. on Central Thursday, October 3, 1985 Since the use of these weapons America are not cognizant of the overall constitutes a human action that would progress of democracy in Central America Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, having result in the destruction of all humanity, nor of the expanding military nature of the been appointed as an American Delegate to the act in itself would be both blasphemous international communist presence in that the U.N. General Assembly this fall, I have and idolatrous in the ultimate sense, a struggling region. We agree that economic been immersing myself in studying the his­ human abrogation of final judgment that reforms and development are essential in tory and procedures of that organization. It belongs only to God. As their actual use can Central America. For that reason we com­ therefore have no justification we must is no secret to anyone in this House that question whether their very existence is mend the Reagan Administration for its em­ public support for the United Nations has morally acceptable. . . . What deep form of phasis on economic assistance and its sup­ port for land reform in El Salvador. We fallen to an all-time low-and not without disobedience is it that causes us to express justification either. If we need to set a date our idolatry of national security in terms share the General Assembly's concern for that echo the prohibition of the Second human rights, including the termination of when the United Nations began to lose the Commandment ? all politically-inspired murders and disap­ public support it had so long enjoyed I Church and Society: Social Teachings of the pearances, judicial reform, and political en­ would suggest we consider the events of Presbyterian Church, November/December franchisement, yet the General Assembly 1975. 1984, p. 79. does not seem to recognize that,· in El Salva­ Ten years ago this week the self-pro­ Our government has an urgent moral im­ dor, the progress toward respect for those claimed Field Marshal and President of perative to defend this country. There is no rights has been dramatic during the years of conceivable way at this moment to defend the Reagan Administration, while in Nicara­ Uganda, Idi Amin, addressed the U.N. Gen­ the country other than through the exist­ gua, a democratically-based revolution has eral Assembly, in which he called-and I ence of a modem strategic nuclear deterrent been subverted and reversed by Marxist­ quote-"for the expulsion of Israel from force. That is an unpleasant reality, at best, Leninists engaged in a growing military alli­ the United Nations and the extinction of but it is a fact which would be grossly irre­ ance with the Soviet Union and CUba and Israel as a state • • •." This call for geno­ sponsible to ignore. The Strategic Defense world terrorist organization such as the Red Initiative offers us the hope of a non-nucle­ cide, as well as Idi Amin's description of ar defense, but, at this time, all sides agree Brigade. the United States as having been-quote­ that such a concept is currently not avail­ Of parallel importance to us is the grow­ "colonized by the Zionists" was answered able for use. ing practice by which agencies of the Church lobby in Washington to defeat poli­ by a standing ovation in the U.N. General We, as legislators, have a sworn duty to Assembly. And within a matter of several preserve the freedom of the American cies which provide an effective strategic de­ people and to defend this country against terrent and promote democracy in Central weeks, the U.N. General Assembly was on its enemies. One cannot possibly scan the America. We have noticed with some dismay record as having declared that-quote­ headlines of the morning newspaper and that the Presbyterian Advocates on Central "Zionism is a form of racism and racial come to the conclusion that our enemies are America, created at the 1983 general con­ discrimination • • • a racialist and impe­ created or ethereal. We respectfully submit vention of the Presbyterian Church rialist ideology." There also followed the that there is not only a moral case for deter­ Sentiment among some of Conrail's 30,000 mate on the sale of Conrail, because many ticle from the Newark Star-Ledger indicate, congressmen and local officials have fol­ there is strong sentiment that a Norfolk employes appears to be shifting in favor of a takeover of the huge, federally owned lowed labor leadership in opposing Norfolk Southern purchase will bring increased Northeast freight railroad by Norfolk Southern's bid. freight to the Conrail system, better service Southern, the Virginia/based railroad that Neither the Norfolk Southern nor the options and reduced costs to shippers, job has been seeking to buy Conrail for more Morgan Stanley plan has generated much security to Conrail's work force, and assur­ than a year. enthusiasm in Congress, and Sen. Howard ance to the region that essential rail soervice In a group interview earlier this week, 15 M. Metzenbaum CD-Ohio> said Tuesday would remain. rank-and-file Conrail workers from north­ that, through a filibuster, he would seek to Simply put, Conrail needs Norfolk South­ ern New Jersey said they believe a merger kill any attempt to sell Conrail to anyone. of their railroad with Norfolk Southern Metzenbaum said he regards the $1.2 bil­ ern to survive and many within the ranks would produce a stronger company and give of rail labor prefer this purchase option. I lion price offered by both bidders as too low them the best chance of keeping their jobs and added that Conrail is not costing the commend the following to my colleagues' over the long term. federal government money now, so there is reading. The New Jersey workers, including three no pressing need to sell it. BROTHERHOOD OF LocoMOTIVE local union officials, said such sentiment One of the New Jersey workers, a local of­ ENGINEERS, has been spreading rapidly and that they ficial with the International Brotherhood of Cleveland, OH, September 10, 1985. are planning a petition drive aimed at their Electrical Workers . said, "What has CONRAIL MEMBERS. unions' national leadership and their repre­ DEAR CONRAIL MEMBER: One of the most annoyed many Conrail employes is that the sentatives in Congress. About 2,000 Conrail union executives never asked our opinion. pressing problems facing the BLE today in­ employes work in New Jersey, where Con­ volves the position we should take on the rail provides more than 90 percent of all rail They never took a vote or a poll or even sale of Conrail. The problem is especially freight service. held a meeting to ask how we felt." pressing because whatever happens to Con­ Meanwhile, Norfolk Southern officials Congress is under the impression that rail could possibly mean job losses, lack of said yesterday they received more than 500 labor favors the Morgan Stanley proposal security and dislocations for our Conrail replies from Conrail workers in New Jersey, 100 percent because that's what the union members. Delaware, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Ohio leadership told them. But it isn't so. The only Conrail plan that would mean responding to full-page advertisements "When I asked my union for information none of the foregoing would be for Conrail placed Monday in 71 daily newspapers, in­ on the two proposals, they just sent me a to continue to be a ward of the United cluding The Star-Ledger, covering most of copy of the Morgan Stanley proposal and States government, but this does not appear Conrail's 16-state territory. blank petitions endorsing it. To my knowl­ to be in the cards. Some Pennsylvania con­ The advertisement, addressed to Conrail edge, those petitions never got any rank­ gressmen have endorsed such a solution, employes, said, "Many Conrail einployes and-file signatures in our region," said the and I have also tried to support maintaining have told us that they have been kept in the local official, who asked that he and other the status quo, but to no avail. We are dark about Norfolk Southern by Conrail members of the group not be identified greatly outnumbered by those who advocate management and some of their union repre­ until local organizing efforts are further ad­ selling the railroad. sentatives." vanced. The Norfolk Southern sale, as proposed It showed a letter from Norfolk South­ Members of the group identified them­ by the Department of Transportation and ern's chairman, Robert B. Claytor, and selves as members of the IBEW, the Inter­ endorsed by the Reagan Administration, is president, Harold H. Hall, seeking their sup­ national Association of Machinists & Aero­ stalled in Congress. Norfolk Southern has port and included a coupon for more infor­ space Workers, the International Brother­ been very honest about admitting that if mation. hood of Firemen and Oilers, the Brother­ they took over the railroad there would be Top officials of unions representing most hood of Railway Carmen and the Associa­ some layoffs and dislocations . which is or downgraded). The good aspect of a sale to public through a public stock offering. backing Norfolk Southern's bid as part of Norfolk Southern is that NS is a rich rail­ The union executives have said they fear the Reagan Administration's effort to road and could maintain the Conrail lines a merger between Conrail and Norfolk return control to the private sector. through bad economic times. This could not Southern would cost union jobs when over­ In addition, he said members of the group be guaranteed if the railroad is sold public lapping routes and duplicative yards, shops contacted Norfolk Southern directly and Cthe Morgan Stanley proposal>. and offices are closed. have received information as well as hats Under the Morgan Stanley proposal Con­ But the New Jersey workers said their pri­ bearing Norfolk Southern's logo. Several of rail would operate as an independent rail­ mary concern is not loss of jobs due to a the workers wore the hats during the after­ road, hopefully in the same dimensions as it merger. They say far more jobs, including work interview and said they also wear operates today. This would mean a mini- their own, will be jeopardized if Conrail con- them at work. 26134 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 TRIBUTE TO SAINT XAVIER cart before the horse." Unfortunately, THE CZECHOSLOVAKIAN COLLEGE SCHOOL OF NURSING that's what advocates of House Joint Reso­ BORDER INCIDENT lution 3 are doing when they direct the HON. MARTY RUSSO President to resume posthaste negotiations HON. GERALD 8.H. SOLOMON OF ILLINOIS with the Soviet Union on a CTB. Common IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sense dictates that we strive for a CTB OF NEW YORK within the broader context of deep and ver­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, October 3, 1985 ifiable arms reductions. The question of Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, today I would nuclear testing must be linked to successful Thursday, October 3, 1985 like to pay tribute and congratulate the arms reductions efforts in Geneva. In other Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, last spring Saint Xavier College School of Nursing on words, meaningful arms reductions must this House went on record condemning the the occasion of its 50th anniversary this precede rather than follow restrictions on Soviet Union for the brutal and unwarrant­ month. This outstanding facility in Chicago nuclear testing. ed murder of U.S. Army Maj. Arthur Nich­ has for five decades prepared college edu­ Prematurely prohibiting nuclear testing olson, who was on a routine patrol mission cated professional nurses. The respected would seriously jeopardize our nuclear de­ in East Germany. As that resolution was Sisters of Mercy, who have made countless terrent capability which has given America other contributions to Chicago, designed and its Western European allies 40 years of considered by the House, myself and other the program, the first nursing program in peace. Informed, expert witnesses have told colleagues pointed out that the murder of the State of Illinois to be officially accred­ Congress that without continued testing we Major Nicholson was not an isolated or un­ ited by the National League for Nursing, have no assurances that our nuclear capa­ common event-that the murder of Major and to this day both its undergraduate and bility would remain reliable. My substitute Nicholson was part and parcel of an ongo­ graduate nursing programs are fully ac­ recognizes these stark strategic realities ing effort by the Soviet Union and its East­ credited. and offers the House a viable alternative to ern European puppets to harass and intimi­ When we look back to those early days House Joint Resolution 3. date American servicemen stationed along we can reflect on the success attained by I also must take isssue with my Califor­ the Iron Curtain. this fine nursing program. In 1935 under nia colleague's contention that this admin­ Now once again we are provided with evi­ the direction of Sister Timothea Hayes, istration totally disregards the value of lim­ dence concerning the Soviet Union's hostil­ who was the first chairperson of the de­ iting Soviet military programs to enhance ity toward us. Last Saturday a Czechoslo­ partment of nursing, four women entered our security. vakian jet entered West German airspace the baccalaureate program of Saint Xavier Mr. STARK should remember that it was and fired at a U.S. Army helicopter on a College. These women subsequently were Jimmy Carter, not Ronald Reagan, who routine border surveillance mission. This the graduates of the class of 1939: Mary suspended CTB negotiations with the Sovi­ latest incident marked the 17th-let me Divine Brown McCormick (Mrs. Bernard); ets. President Carter did this for many rea­ Genevieve Garvey Madherny (Mrs. George); repeat that, the 17th-border incursion of sons, among them being the brutal Soviet West German airspace by aircraft from the June Grode Wilson (Mrs. Lesley), and Lo­ invasion of Afghanistan. Moreover, I be­ retta Lang Neufeld (Mrs. Robert). Today lieve that our negotiating team's efforts in Warsaw Pact in the 6 months since the this program has graduated over 2,200 pro­ Geneva to limit Soviet nuclear force mod­ murder of Major Nicholson. fessionally prepared nurses. ernization are being conducted with the Once again we are reminded that behind I know my colleagues join with me today utmost seriousness and that this adminis­ all of Mr. Gorbachev's smiles and expres­ in commending the School of Nursing of tration is carefully weighing the new Soviet sions of goodwill there remains a relentless Saint Xavier on the occasion of its 50th an­ proposals to reduce arms and limit nuclear hostility to the United States and to the niversary and in thanking the skilled per­ charges. human, social, and political values that we sonnel and caring people who have contrib­ Mr. STARK and others also argued that and our Western European Allies uphold. uted so much to the community through the language of House Joint Resolution 3 As the Reagan/Gorbachev summit confer­ their dedication to excellence in education. mimics the legislation passed by the Senate ence draws closer, one would think that the I extend my own personal best wishes to on June 20, 1984. In point of fact, the Soviets and their proxies would at least those who will assemble October 19 and 20 Senate did not pass exactly the same lan­ temper their hostility if for no other reason to commemorate this auspicious occasion guage as contained in House Joint Resolu­ than to manipulate public opinion. But so and to look forward to the continuing suc­ tion 3. Instead, the Senate passed an ingrained and irrational is their behavior cess of the Saint Xavier College School of amendment to the Defense authorization that even a minimal demonstration of civil­ Nursing. bill-not a separate, free-standing bill on ity on their part seems to be impossible. arms control-which expressed the sense of The timing of this latest episode is also FORTNEY'S COMPLAINT Congress that the President propose the interesting because it came on the eve of IGNORES STARK REALITY immediate resumption of negotiations the Gorbachev visit to Paris-a diplomatic toward a CTB. House Joint Resolution 3 foray that French newspapers have appro­ HON. HENRY J. HYDE contains no sense of Congress language priately christened as "Operation Seduc­ whatsoever. I also remind my colleagues OF ILLINOIS tion." It is time that the Soviet leader be that the Senate amendment never became IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES put on notice: We and our allies are not public law. Thursday, October 3, 1985 Too many responsible and knowledgeable impressed with a Soviet leader who smiles Mr. HYDE. Mr. Speaker, permit me to re­ persons have raised serious questions about and wears well-tailored suits. Nor are we spond to Representative PETE STARK'S our ability to verify compliance with any fooled by his soothing words in Time maga­ recent mischaracterization of my nuclear such treaties. In our zeal to get a treaty zine when he rhapsodized about the beauty test ban position-October 1 CONGRESSION­ ratified, ought not ordinary prudence re­ of the Swiss Alps-at a time when his own AL RECORD. quire that verification be clearly available forces are raining death and destruction If my colleague from California will only to all sides? across the mountains of Afghanistan. What read my substitute to House Joint Resolu­ Advocates of a test ban treaty-verifiable we want is concrete evidence that he is any tion 3, which in the October 1 CONGRES­ or not-fault this administration for what different from the murderous thugs that SIONAL RECORD, he will discover that I am they believe to be excessive cynicism have preceded him in the Kremlin. So far, not opposed to a verifiable comprehensive toward Soviet compliance. Our national se­ not one shred of evidence to that effect has test ban [CTB]. Indeed, I support such a curity depends on a clear-eyed assessment ever been found. long-term goal, provided certain other arms of the realities of arms control, and that re­ control objectives are met first. quires mutual, verifiable and military sig­ In listening to the debate on this issue, nificant reductions in nuclear weapons as a an old adage leaps to mind: "Don't put the condition precedent to any test ban. October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26135 BAN THE STEEL JAW LEGHOLD him, according to Smith. They ran home for mated 15 percent of all passports issued by TRAP help, and August's father, Terry, called the the State Department were to persons 65 paramedics. Smith said he and the father searched the and over, involving some &68,000 senior HON. BRUCE F. VENTO area Monday but were unable to find the citizens. Clearly, this large and ever-grow­ OF MINNESOTA trap. They did find the boy's shoe and sock. ing segment of our citizenry would greatly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "My suspicion is that somebody has been benefit from an extension of Medicare cov­ Thursday, October 3, 1985 trapping down there and probably came erage. along either Sunday morning or evening to For the benefit of my colleagues, I am in­ Mr. VENTO. Mr. Speaker, There was an check his trap and found that it had caught serting the full text of this bill into the a sneaker, a very bloody sock and perhaps article recently in the ' St. Paul Pioneer RECORD. I believe it is imperative that we Press/Dispatch that I would like to call to even some flesh," said Smith. "And I sus­ pect he realized what had happened and give all Medicare beneficiaries their bene­ the attention of my colleagues. This article, fits-at home and abroad. which I will submit for the record, gives an simply picked up the trap and left." Smith said he has been told there are many rac­ H.R.- account of a 14-year-old Minneapolis boy coons, foxes and other small animals that who was playing in an old railroad yard live in the area. He also noticed a cardboard A BILL To amend title XVIII of the Social and stumbled into a leghold animal trap. bed, an old blanket and a paperback novel Security Act to authorize the President to The boy managed to get free of the trap, together under the bridge. enter into reciprocal agreements for but not before his foot was crushed and the "I suspect it's a transient who has made it health care services furnished to medicare beneficiaries outside the United States skin was peeled off of his bones which re­ his home, but I have no reason to believe he sulted in the amputation of his toes. was the one who set the trap," Smith said. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Joggers use the area frequently, and Repesentatives of the United States of Amer­ Accidents such as these should not occur. Smith ·hopes someone may come forward ica in Congress assembled, That part C of This very unfortunate occurrence reen­ who has seen a trapper. A Minneapolis ordi­ title XVIII of the Social Security Act is forces the need to outlaw these dangerous nance outlaws animal traps within the city amended by adding at the end the following leg-hold traps. I am an original cosponsor limits, he said. new section: of a bill introduced by my colleague f:rom Smith said he believes either Burlington "INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS California, Mr. LANTOS, which would ban Northern or Hennepin County owns the land where the accident took place, and he "SEC. 1890. The President is authorized the use of the steel leghold trap. Many to enter into agreements establishing recip­ other nations have already banned this said he plans to file a lawsuit against the landowner and against whoever set the trap, rocal arrangements between the programs very dangerous trap, without dooming the assuming that person eventually is identi­ established by this title and the program of trapping industry. fied. any foreign country under which similar This trap painfully imprisons anything, services are provided directly to entitled in­ or worse, anybody that triggers it. The dividuals or under which insurance is pro­ power of the trap is devastating and it MEDICARE ABROAD: DON'T vided to meet all or part of the expenses of cannot discern between the front paw of a LEAVE HOME WITHOUT IT entitled individuals for such services. "Cb> Any agreement establishing such a coyote, the hind leg of a German shepherd, reciprocal arrangement pursuant to this sec­ or as in the case in Minnesota, the foot of a HON. MARIO BIAGGI tion shall specify- 14-year-old boy. OF NEW YORK "(1) the nature and extent of payment to I have repeatedly sought new laws to pre­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be made to or on behalf of individuals vent the use of such traps. The event dis­ Thursday, October 3, 1985 entitled to benefits under this title for serv­ cribed below simply underscores the impor­ ices covered under such title when such in­ tance of such laws. Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, today I am in­ dividuals are present in the foreign country CFrom the St. Paul Pioneer Press/Dispatch, troducing legislation to address a major and receive such services from persons who Sept. 18, 19851 health fear now burdening our Nation's el­ are authorized under the program of that derly. This legislation would, for the first foreign country to furnish them, and CB> in­ BOY BLAMES TRAP IN Loss OF TOES dividuals entitled to benefits under the pro­ time, extend Medicare coverage to elderly beneficiaries who live and travel outside of gram of that foreign country who receive A 14-year-old Minneapolis boy playing in such services in the United States from per­ an old railroad yard stumbled into a leghold the United States and become seriously ill. sons meeting such requirements or condi­ animal trap that mangled his foot and re­ Specifically, my proposal would author­ tions as are required under such title; quired the amputation Tuesday of four of ize the President to enter into agreements "(2) such limitations on the nature and his toes. with foreign countries to establish recipro­ duration of services for which payment may Doctors at Hennepin County Medical cal arrangements for health care. Realizing be made in one country to individuals enti­ Center plan to do reconstructive surgery on the considerable time it may take to negoti­ tled to benefits under the program of the the foot of August Katzung later this week. ate these matters, this legislation would other country, as the President deems ap­ "They hope they can save the foot, but also authorize the Secretary of Health and propriate, except that no agreement shall they are telling us there is a very strong authorize any individual to receive benefits chance they will have to amputate more of Human Services to enter into temporary in the United States on a reciprocal basis in the foot," said the boy's attorney, Curtis D. agreements to aid those elderly who excess of those provided for individuals enti­ Smith. become seriously ill while traveling outside tled to benefits under this title; The accident happened Saturday after­ of the United States. "(3) such limitation on entitlement of in­ noon as Katzung was playing in the old Bur­ Since 1977, we have entered into agree­ dividuals to benefits on a reciprocal basis lington Northern yards under U.S. 12 and ments with foreign countries in order to under an agreement in the United States adjacent to Bryn Mawr Meadows, Smith provide Social Security benefits to those and in the foreign country, as the President said. living abroad, yet we do not extend the deems appropriate, except that no agree­ Katzung was alone at the time and slid ment shall provide entitlement to benefits down a cement embankment right into the same coverage under Medicare. Presently. under this title in the United States for an trap, Smith said. The boy managed to get Medicare will only cover foreign emergency individual who does not meet the require­ out of it but his foot was crushed and the services in instances when travel between ments for entitlement applicable under such skin was peeled off the bones. the 48 continental United States takes a title with respect to age or medical condi­ "He lost a tremendous amount of blood," person into Canada; and, hospital services tion; said Smith. "When he was found, it was needed while a person is traveling near a "(4) the methods by which the cost of pro­ bare bones on the front of his foot." U.S. border, and a foreign hospital is the viding services to persons on a reciprocal The boy later told his father that a man nearest place for treatment. basis shall be shared equitably by the per­ with long white hair and a long white beard Senior citizens are an ever-growing seg­ sons receiving such services and by the re­ moved him from under a bridge to a spot spective programs of the United States and about 15 yards away where he could be seen ment of our population. In addition, the the foreign country; and by passersby. Then the man left. number of elderly who travel outside of "(5) such other provisions, not inconsist­ August's twin brother, Eric, and another this country greatly increases each year. ent with this section, as the President boy were out looking for August and spotted Consider for example, that in 1984 an esti- deems appropriate. 26136 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 " The Secretary shall make rules and needed to process legitimate requests for the courthouse to seek an injunction regulations and establish procedures which such information filed by private citizens, against disclosure. In such a case, called a are reasonable and necessary to implement the press, and public interest groups. and administer any agreement which has. "Reverse-FOIA" action, the court is faced been entered into in accordance with this Truckloads of information are submitted with the complicated question of what section. annually to Federal Government agencies standard of review to apply to the case "(d) Pending the conclusion of an agree­ by business concerns for regulatory, licens­ since the case does not arise under the ment under this section with a foreign coun­ ing, procurement, and statistical purposes. FOIA but rather chapter 7 of the Adminis­ try, the Secretary is authorized to enter into Once submitted to the Government, that in­ trative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. et seq). interim arrangements with any hopsital in formation becomes agency records and A recent U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals that country which is accredited by the thereby subject to requests for disclosure decision illustrates the unfortunate state of Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hos­ made pursuant to the Freedom of Informa­ the law on that question. On May 25, 1984, pitals, or such other hospitals as the Secre­ tion Act. tary finds meet health and safety standards the District of Columbia circuit issued an equivalent to those required under this title The Freedom of Information Act is prop­ opinion in National Organization of Women for hospitals in the United States and which erly weighted toward disclosure of informa­ v. Social Security Administration, 736 F.2d are accredited in the foreign country con­ tion. The general rule is that agency 727 (CADC, 1984), on the issue of whether cerned, under which payment may be made records must be disclosed unless the infor­ the district court erred in granting a pre­ for inpatient hospital services, as defined in mation contained therein falls within I of 9 liminary injunction against disclosure of section 1861, to or on behalf of an individual exemptions. Records exempted from disclo­ who is entitled to such benefits under part equal employment opportunity reports sure include national security information, based upon de novo review of the agency's A of this title. For purposes of making pay­ law enforcement investigatory records, action. In order to reach the decision, the ment under such an interim arrangement, agencies' deliberative documents and infor­ court had to decide whether the fact-find­ the Secretary shall use whichever of the mation specifically exempted from disclo­ methods provided for in section 1814(f) he ing procedures of the agency were ade­ finds appropriate, except that any pay­ sure by other statutes. One of those exemp­ tions covers confidential business records quate. In the end, the three circuit judges ments made under part A of this title to the agreed that the preliminary injunction was individual or to the hospital shall be re­ whose disclosure would cause substantial duced to the extent that the individual has competitive harm to the business concern proper, but they disagreed over whether the no legal obligation to pay for any items or which submitted them. Those exemptions agency's fact-finding procedures were ade­ services furnished to such individual by authorize-they do not require-agencies quate and thus over whether it was proper reason of the laws of the foreign country in to withhold agency records from the public. for the district court to have reviewed the which the hospital is located or such indi­ If the agency decides to withhold the agency's action de novo, citing several vidual's membership in an insurance plan records, the requester may go to court and other cases in support of their different that provides for payment for such items or conclusions on this issue. services.". get de novo review of the agency's decision, rather than simply a determination of The legislation I am introducing today, whether the agency's decision was arbi­ then, would require agencies to provide THE INTRODUCTION OF AMEND­ trary, capricious, or an abuse of discretion. timely notice to submitters who designate MENTS OF THE FREEDOM OF In that litigation, the agency bears the information claimed to be exempt from dis­ INFORMATION ACT burden of proving that the records with­ closure; would give the submitter 18 work­ held do fall within the asserted exemption. ing days to provide its objections to disclo­ HON. THOMAS N. KINDNESS And, if the requester substantially prevails, sure to the agency; and would provide for de novo judicial review of the submitter's OF OHIO the court may award reasonable attorney objections to disclosure. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fees and other litigation costs incurred by the requester. The bill makes no change in the coverage Thursday, October 3, 1985 Placing the burden on the agency to jus­ of the business records exemption nor does Mr. KINDNESS. Mr. Speaker, today I am tify withholding pursuant to the act's ex­ it unduly lengthen the agency process for introducing legislation which would amend emptions is proper as in most cases the jus­ handling requests for business records. the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. tification for asserting a particular exemp­ And, if the submitter seeks judicial review, 552) to provide separate statutory proce­ tion is clearly within the knowledge of the the submitter bears the burden of justifying dures for the handling of requests for agency to assert. However, that is not nec­ the claim of exemption. public disclosure of information submitted essarily so in the case of information sub­ The majority of cases do not go to court. to Government agencies by business con­ mitted by business concerns to the agency. The ones that do confront the court with a cerns. Whether disclosure of that information will garden-variety of agency procedures which This legislation is similar to, but differs cause substantial competitive harm to the lengthens the litigation process while the in important respects from, bills pending in business concern which submitted it will litigators argue over what process the court both Houses which would make a number require the agency to draw upon the should follow in determining whether the of other changes in the Freedom of Infor­ knowledge of the submitter and possibly agencies process was adequate. Some mation Act CFOIA]. I am pleased that sev­ outside sources as well in order to make a standard operating procedures at the eral of my colleagues on the Government proper determination. agency can only improve the processes Operations Subcommittee on Government To their credit, a number of Federal there where most FOIA disputes are re­ Information, which has jurisdiction over agencies have recognized these limitations solved. FOIA, have joined me today as cosponsors and have, by agency rule, provided notice This legislation represents a good faith of this bill. to submitters of business information when effort to balance the legitimate claims of One aim of the bill is to discourage the a request is made for disclosure of that in­ the business community with the policy of use of the Freedom of Information Act by formation The submitter is then afforded disclosure embodied in the Freedom of In­ business concerns who burden the limited an opportunity to provide reasons why formation Act. Unlike most Government in­ resources of Federal agencies by filing these records should be withheld, if the formation, most business records submitted FOIA requests for information submitted submitter believes there is cause for with­ to Government agencies are generated out­ to those agencies by their competitors. An­ holding. side of Government. The submitter thus re­ other aim of the bill is to provide addition­ Unfortunately, the time limits for agency tains an interest in the information sup­ al safeguards against ill-considered or in­ response under FOIA limit the opportunity plied to Government agencies. Likewise, advertant disclosure of information which for the submitter to prepare and provide a the public has a legitimate interest in would cause substantial competitive harm suitable justification to the agency for whether those agencies are properly fulfill­ to the business concern which submitted withholding, and they limit the opportunity ing their responsibilities which require the the information. And last, but certainly not for the agency to give careful consideration collection of such information. I believe least, the bill attempts to achieve these to the competing claims of submitter and that this bill strikes the proper balance be­ aims without adding unduly to the time requester. Ofttimes, submitters will race to tween these legitimate interests. October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26137 Some have argued that this legislation is I will submit, however, that we may be in confrooting those threats, that is, our strat­ not necessary because of the dearth of danger of missing the forest for the trees. egy. horror stories of improper and damaging Even if we completely eliminated every last But all too often other considerations disclosures and because some agencies are one of the horrific overpricings exposed in come to the fore. I will cite just three: in­ already, by rule, providing notice and an recent years, we might still have a wasteful terest groups within the services; the desire opportunity for submitters to object to dis­ defense budget. For unless we tie our de­ of engineers to push forward the threshold closure. Like the busy street with a school fense budget-regardless of its size-to a of technology; and the pressures to main­ crossing which cries out for a traffic signal, rational defense strategy, we are fooling tain defense employment. I am not one to stand around and wait for ourselves and the public. Yes; we must There's a popular belief that greedy con­ a horror story to occur if reasonable means demand efficient management of the Penta­ tractors foist toys upon the services for can be taken to make it less likely. I have gon. But efficient management is not a de­ their own ends. But actually it is the vari­ also never been too comfortable with rely­ fense policy. ous interest groups or constituencies within ing on the good graces of agencies, utiliz­ As chairman of the Defense Policy Panel the services that commonly mandate new ing ofttimes ambiguous authority to do as within the House Armed Services Commit­ weapon systems. The Navy, for example, much or as little as they think they can get tee, I plan to start next week a series of has its air warfare, surface warfare, and away with. hearings that will try to step back from the submarine constituencies, each of which Furthermore, the state of the law on details of the annual budget debates and demands its due. It's a bit like local poli­ agency and judicial review of requests for, take a longer view of where we are going in tics; the mayor can't pave all the streets in and objections to, disclosure of business defense. one neighborhood and ignore the others­ records is chaotic. Congress should step in How can we decide if we need more or he must spread the paving money around and resolve the issues by creating separate less growth in defense spending, or where all the wards. But the Pentagon shouldn't to modernize our defense forces, or how to statutory procedures for the handling of re­ be run like city wards. The goal is not-or quests for records submitted by business make use of developments in emerging technologies, or for that matter, any of the ought not to be-to gratify the submariners concerns. This bill offers the ways in which and the surface warfare types each year the to accomplish those ends and I hope that it details of our defense policy, until we know clearly to what purpose these weapons will budget is put together. Instead, we should will receive early and favorable consider­ be positioning our forces to most success­ ation by the Congress. be used. When historians look back and record the mismanagement of American fully cope with the Soviet threat. We saw Defense, they may not refer to the $600 the ward politics approach to Pentagon LEBANON HOSTAGE CRISIS IN wrench, or the $7 ,000 coffee pot, or the budgeting just a few weeks ago when a 566TH DAY interservice rivalry that plagues our Armed Pentagon directive notified the services to Forces. It may be recorded that we failed to plan for lower funding levels over the next HON. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN develop a coherent national security policy few years-and to assume that proportion­ OF ILLINOIS and instead succumbed to a kind of Magi­ ate cuts would be taken from each service. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES not line mentality-an irrelevant policy Why proportionate? Because that is the easiest way to keep peace in the wards. But Thursday, October 3, 1985 that spelled defeat. It may also be recorded that the media it is not the way to set priorities. It is not Mr. O'BRIEN. Mr. Speaker, today is the missed one of the most important stories of the way to determine where the threat is 566th day Americans have been held hos­ our time. There has been no dearth of sto­ greatest. Yes; it keeps peace in the Penta­ tage in Lebanon. ries about cost overruns, or poorly man­ gon. But we ought to be keeping peace in William Buckley, a U.S. Foreign Service aged programs, or weapons that consumed the world. officer, was kidnaped on the streets of billions of dollars only to be canceled be­ A second problem is that posed by the de­ Beirut on March 16, 1985, 566 days ago cause they did not work. These are stories sires of engineers to push forward the today. that should have been written. thresholds of technology. We produce ex­ Father Lawrence Jenco has been held There has been no lack of articles about ceedingly sophisticated military gear. That hostage in Lebanon for 269 days. the state of arms control negotiations, and sophistication is costly. The common Terry Anderson, the Associated Press the tensions within the Western Alliance wisdom is that we need the sophistication bureau chief, was taken hostage in Leba­ over mutual defense policies. We can to offset the Soviet advantage in numbers­ non 201 days ago today. hardly be complacent about these issues our quality overcomes their quantity. Per­ Today marks the 128th day of captivity either, and it was right that the media haps. But the engineers who design our for David Jacobsen, director of the Ameri­ devote numerous op-ed columns and news equipment have a natural urge to push for can University Hospital in Beirut. stories to them. sophistication-an urge that has nothing to Thomas Sutherland, dean of the Ameri­ But the press is not unlike the Congress. do with the quality-over-quantity argument. can University School of Agriculture, was Each tends to deal with issues that are Manufacturers have an interest in quantity taken hostage in Lebanon 115 days ago. timely and a bit sexy. The hottest issues production, but weapons designers don't Today also marks the 303d day since the sell newspapers and win votes. care about the quantity, only about design. kidnaping of Peter Kilburn, the American Perhaps it is for this reason that the Should our system be geared to satisfying University librarian. press and the Congress have spent so little their urges, or our needs? There is an inter­ Mr. Speaker, the American hostage crisis time examining the fundamental questions esting story about an Army field radio in in Lebanon is now in its 566th day. It won't of national security policy. None of us Vietnam that failed repeatedly. The be over until all six remaining Americans wants to play fast and loose with national screams from the company grade officers are returned free from harm. security. But there comes a time when we could be heard all the way to the Pentagon, must stop being driven by day-to-day where the Army decreed that the next gen­ PEACE IN THE PENTAGON OR events. We must examine the enduring as eration of radio would be judged on its fail­ PEACE IN THE WORLD well as the instant, the obscured as well as ure rate. As each component was designed, the obvious. It should be clear that we it was tested and the "mean time between HON. LES ASPIN ignore the process of policy as well as the failure" improved dramatically, about dou­ OF WISCONSIN underpinnings of our policy at our own bling the time. But the engineers, mean­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES peril. while, were adding all sorts of whistles and I am concerned that the link between bells. When the radio finally emerged, it Thursday, October 3, 1985 policy and programs is tenuous at best. had something like four times as many Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, the public de­ It would seem logical that in developing components. So, while each component sur­ mands that we wring wasteful spending out new weapon systems, we would look pri­ vived twice as long, the additional number of the defense budget. So, we go out after marily at the threat posed by Soviet weap­ of components meant the radio as a unit costly coffee pots and overpriced wrenches. ons and at our theoretical framework for was failing about twice as often as its pred- 26138 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 ecessor. The entire point of the exercise­ servative split, or a Democratic-Republican could not understand, our people looked getting a more survivable radio into the split. It was a generational split. The inward. Our role as an internationalist field-had been lost as a result of the un­ younger members, spanning the political power was scaled down. fettered drive of engineers toward complex­ spectrum, have found wanting the annual Four years later, the pendulum swung ity. We satisfied their urges rather than our arguments over whether to build 45 or 48 back again, this time when United States needs. F-15 fighters, or three or four mine helicopters lay in ruins in the Iranian A third problem is the desire to keep de­ counter-measures ships. Those debates are desert after the failed rescue of the United signer, management, and worker teams to­ narrowly focused and not terribly enlight­ States hostages. Ronald Reagan correctly gether. This means that contracts will at ening. They deal not with defense policy, understood that America was again ready times be steered toward a particular con­ but with some of the impedimenta that fall to act on the proposition that if we were tractor in order to keep that firm alive and out of policy. As critics on both sides of the not the champion of peace and freedom in its team intact. This isn't a matter of con­ aisle have said, we are in danger of being the world, the ideas and ideals of peace and spiracy or corruption. Nor is it a matter of overwhelmed by minutiae. freedom would not flourish. This is a prop­ defense strategy. What is our strategy? osition that I could not agree with more. There are two problems here. How is it formulated? So where do we go from here? First, the system just doesn't operate How are foreign policy considerations in­ Caspar Weinberger had his answer. On with the right incentives. That is clear from tegrated with defense programs? the one hand, he declared that the United the examples I have outlined. The incen­ These are just a few of the questions we States had to rebuild its defenses at an tives are to satisfy constituencies; let the wish to ask. A point we must keep in mind emergency rate. He did so without fully ar­ engineers operate unfettered, and keep the is that the product is a result of the proc­ ticulating a coherent rationale for this existing industry teams relatively intact. ess. The product is defense policy. If the buildup. The result of this shopping spree But it isn't at all clear that there are product is inadequate, we must probe the is that the emerging and long-overdue enough incentives helping us prepare to process. It may be necessary to significant­ deter, and if need be, win, the next war. ly alter the process in order to improve the public consensus for a strong defense was Second, our defense community can op­ product. undercut. erate this way because too few people take I wish also to make clear that the point On the other hand, he sought to define the threat seriously. There isn't much fear of the hearings is not to say that the how this defense should fit into our overall out there. I realize this, too, goes against Reagan product is an inadequate one. Our national security policy. At the National the common wisdom, which talks about the intentions are not partisan. I suspect that Press Club on November 24, 1984, he enu­ huge proportion of the American public many of the inadequacies we uncover today merated "six major tests" to be applied that believes the world will be incinerated would be traceable to previous administra­ when we are weighing the use of combat before many more generations have been tions. We may even conclude that the forces abroad. Taken as a whole, these tests born. But I don't see that fear within the Reagan process and product are better than express such reluctance to commit the use defense community. I detect a widespread under previous administrations, even while of our forces as to suggest they would belief in the community that there will be there is much room for improvement. never be committed at all, unless the mili­ no more big wars and that someone else Certainly, these hearings do begin with tary were guaranteed of victory in advance. can organize to handle any small wars. I one indictment. It is an indictment of all of The world is too complex, our responsibil­ am not alleging any laziness or lack of pa­ us, including Congress, for having neglect­ ities too great, to husband our military in triotism. What I am alleging is that we ed the policy process and policy product this way. have gotten too laid back. I would like for too long. I do not agree with this characterization fewer school children to have nightmares What is our national security policy? of what our national security policy is. about war-and more people in the defense Part of the answer is philosophical. Rarely Nor, as polls reveal, do the American community to have them. has it been articulated in coherent detail. people. We reject the notion of those who The hearings that I will begin next week In the early days of the republic, this coun­ would have this country arm itself to the will stretch out over the next few months. try believed in little more than the defense teeth and then retreat behind fortress The first part will look back at the last 4 of the continental United States. We sought America, the isolationism of the right-just years and ask the question, "What have we to free ourselves of entangling alliances as we equally reject those who would have gotten for a trillion dollars?" We have and those "amoral" balance of power poli­ America not arm itself at all, the isolation­ spent just over $1 trillion on defense since cies of our European neighbors. Isolation­ ism of the left. Ronald Reagan took office-what have we ism was the watchword. Years later, in the I realize it is always easier to say what got for it? In what ways are we stronger wake of the Holocaust of World War II, the you are against than what you are for. It is now? The point is to pin down the strategic mood of this country was profoundly dif­ not enough to say that we should have a goals of the past 4 years and see if the ferent. It was booming and internationalist. two-and-one-half war strategy, or a one­ goals are clear, and if the budgets have We rebuilt Europe with NATO and the and-one-half war strategy, let alone that we supported those goals. Marshall plan, established treaty commit­ will defend the free world and extend its The second part of the hearings will look ments in other areas of the world, and de­ boundaries where possible. It is not enough forward at the next 4 years-when we all clared that the flag of America-the flag of to say, as President Kennedy did in his in­ expect the resources available for defense freedom, as President Woodrow Wilson augural address, that the United States will be more limited than in the Reagan ad­ once put it-be planted wherever possible. would "bear any burden, pay any price" to ministration's first term. The hearings will The American century has arrived. defend freedom. ask the question, "Will it fit?-that is, can It was a bipartisan belief around which The country is still groping for a nation­ the administration's defense goals and Republicans and Democrats-and just al security policy, both within and between weapons programs be fit into the more con­ about all Americans-rallied. parties. Neither the larger themes nor the strained resources base that we are looking This consensus was rudely shattered by smaller details are excluded from this at. the Vietnam war. "Come home America" debate. This is not a new phenomenon. The third part, to open in November, will was the slogan of my party's presidential Every administration goes through this be more philosophical, for I hope then to candidate in 1972. And three years later, a process, and the present one is no excep­ step away almost entirely from budget President from the other party did just tion. But it is a process that is too often numbers. I want to concentrate on some that. The symbol of America in the world improvised, lacking the detail and vision first questions that are too rarely asked in was no longer the American flag of free­ adequate to meeting the challenges and this institution. dom, but Americans clinging to helicopter promise that await this country. In the 1970s, large numbers of younger skids, as the U.S. Embassy in Saigon was I suggest at this time that we rise to meet members arrived in this body and ques­ beseiged. It was not simply a vision of this challenge. To do so, we must do more tioned the way we went about dealing with American retreat; gripped by the long twi­ than look solely at the boondoggles of the defense issues. This wasn't a liberal-con- light struggle of a war many Americans defense process, important as this may be. October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26139 We must undertake the systematic work of can ever be experienced by inhabitants of Just as important, people should respect deciding what our national security policy Communist countries. Thus, the most their responsibility to vote in the elections. is-inadequately formulated as it is-and secure method to guarantee these rights for It should be a universal concern to get the examine what it ought to be. Only then can ourselves, is to protect them for our fellow most knowledgeable as well as responsible citizens. Theodore Roosevelt once said that, we start giving shape to a security estab­ person into office. Since these are the "The first requisite of a good citizen in this people who set forth the laws and represent lishment that does justice not only to the republic of ours is that he shall be able and their constituents, we owe it to ourselves. concerns of an efficient defense in the pur­ willing to pull his own weight; that he shall Americanism is a vital part in the success suit of enduring peace, but to a foreign not be a mere passenger . . . " This is the of our nation. As a citizen I must join forces policy suitable to the moral vision of our most accurate statement of my ideal Ameri­ with others to uphold that which is set country. canism. My citizenship is an honor, and my forth by the United States. Citizens should duty to this great privilege can someday realize that Americans are uniquely privi­ hope to secure the goal of unity in our leged with the various freedoms that have WHAT AMERICANISM MEANS TO nation. been bestowed upon them and realize that ME I am not attempting to state that Amer­ not very many nations are so lucky. In order ica, or even American ideals, are an earthly to secure the bonds which hold our nation paradise, or the proverbial "Garden of together we should exercise our American­ HON. DONALD J. PEASE Eden". America does not attempt to perpe­ ism and thank God for allowing us to be so OF OHIO trate a false image. Moreover. the imperfec­ fortunate. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions of this nation strengthen my devotion to her. The fact that through our persever­ Thursday, October 3, 1985 ence we continually strive for a more per­ WHAT AMERICANISM MEANS To ME Mr. PEASE. Mr. Speaker, again this year, fect future-one of freedom and of free though our country is one of the youngest, to be commended for the patriotism and we show the best example of freedom. We heartfelt thought that is evident in their Americanism, as defined by World Book have freedom to vote on who we choose, essays. Dictionary, is the devotion or loyalty to the United States, its customs and traditions. I pray to the God we want, and travel any­ WHAT AMERICANISM MEANS To ME feel that too often people living in the where without being questioned. We are United States take their citizenship for free to voice our opinion to each other and Imagine a nation where a freedom exists granted. The meaning of one's rights, re­ to our government. America has learned unsurpassed in finite practice. Imagine a sponsibilities, and loyalty is overlooked. through the course of history that freedom country where the most valuable resource, As an American I feel that it is my essen­ is needed to allow this great type of govern­ its people, come together from every nation tial duty to uphold the customs and stand­ ment to work. Freedom allows a person to to live and grow together in harmony under ards of my country. We are free people who be very open. This openness lets fresh ideas the same sky, pursuing the same cause. should respect our fellow man. Never should and dreams come alive. Without freedom Imagine a land where the general populus we overlook our own social problems be­ many famous Americans-President Abra­ elects the people by which it chooses to be cause if we do then how can we be expected ham Lincoln, inventor Thomas Edison, and governed and is permitted to remove these to help out those in less fortunate nations. Olympic runner Wilma Rudolph-wouldn't same people by vote-not by force or revolu­ We should support methods which intend to have had the opportunity to not only better tion-if it feels these representatives are help out those who are not as free as we themselves, but better this country by their inept. Finally, imagine the spirit of a people Americans are. An American's freedom is a accomplishments and example. Freedom, united and loyal to one flag, one nation, and vast ocean of opportunity. Thanks to our truly gives opportunity. one cause. forefathers we enjoy life in a free nation. Opportunity is the second aspect of Amer­ But the beauty of these statements lies in They spilled their blood in order for their icanism. Opportunity has given so many the fact that they are not mere fantasy or descendents to be free from the wrath of a Americans a chance for a wonderful life. supposition. The flag is the Stars and foreign monarchy. In tum they drew up the The opportunities here in America range Stripes, the nation the United States of Declaration of Independence as well as a from owning your own home or business to America, and the cause is one of mankind's Constitution to protect those who would belonging to the Olympic Team to becoming most vital, the cause of democracy. Thus, choose to reside in the new nation, the the President of the United States. our nation is the true embodiment of these United States. I'm quite lucky to have had both freedom statements and the source for countless The U.S. Constitution was set forth to and opportunity since the day I was born. more. The pride which I truly feel for my protect the freedoms bestowed upon us. The I'm sixteen now and am just beginning to country, the privilege of my citizenship, and Bill of Rights mentions just a few of the see the great advantages offered in my my duty to safeguard actively this democra­ freedoms which we are fortunate enough to country. America. It is so sad that many cy, are the true ideals of my definition of have. Some of the stated freedoms included people my age take for granted the privi­ Americanism. are those of religion, press. petition, assem­ ledge of living in America. Not only does One of the greatest enterprises of our bly. and speech. How can we be so naive as America give its priviledges to American nation is the partnership existing between to take some of these for granted while in born citizens, but allows others all over the the people and their government striving to nations, such as the Soviet Union, day to world to get these advantages through im­ uphold the numerous freedoms afforded by day life is dictated to them like a flow chart. migration. our Federal Republic and its democratic Even if such nations were granted only a America is a proud country, and I'm proud form of government. This union can only percentage of our freedoms I would bet that to be part of this magnificent country. You succeed if all citizens realize that every they would be very grateful. Yet we realize see America's pride through its outstanding right has a corresponding duty. Freedom of that we are free and our freedoms cannot symbols. Our flag stands for our fight and speech and press is worthless unless honesty easily be taken away so we expand our own victory of freedom. The beautiful Statue of and fairness in their use is the norm, with­ boundaries and often infringe upon the Liberty, a gift from France, symbolizes both out malicious gossip or libelous statements. rights of others. freedom and opportunity to all Americans. Our right to freedom of religion is valid As an aspect of Americanism, our loyalty America's patriotic poems and songs are only if we grant the same to others. If we is vital to the nation's success. To be loyal filled with the sound of pride. These sym­ utilize the right to an education at public citizens we can willingly abide to the laws bols re-enforce our pride in America. expense, we owe the public a return, the set forth by our elected officials. If we feel I will always be proud of being an Ameri­ best use of this education. And if we that a statute is out of line, then we should can-because of its great accomplishments, demand a fair trial for ourselves, an obliga­ look into getting it removed or revised. and for what is ahead in both my country tion becomes evident for us not to condemn Never should the public decide to nullify a and my future. I will never take the privi­ others. law because it is not their duty. Nor should ledge of Americanism for granted. It is the The rights which I have stated are avail­ they act against the law just because they best advantage I have in this world today. able to all American citizens. None of them feel it is wrong. God bless America. 26140 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 GRENADA: LEARNING FROM which I would put at, oh, 1,500. Moveover, The subcommission, however, specifically HISTORY the compilers tell you, in their foreword, refused to endorse and forward the report that they could have given us another docu­ to the full Human Rights Commission be­ ment of equal size and of equal significance, HON. DON Rl'ITER so abundant was the documentary quarry cause the majority of its members would OF PENNSYLVANIA that gave us memorandums, treaties, secret not accept a paragraph in the report con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES plans for expansion, the record of foreign taining a list of historical events which the activities: all the paraphernalia that go with rapporteur had defined as genocide. Thursday, October 3, 1985 the implantation of a communist revolution, The majority argued that, among others, Mr. RITI'ER. Mr. Speaker, I would like and then its extension. the Armenian example given in the para­ to bring to the attention of my House col­ The authors' summary begins with the graph was unjustified and would further leagues the foil owing article by syndicated sentence, "The revolution that overthrew fuel the acrimony that exists on this issue. the Gairy regime in Grenada in April 1979 columnist William F. Buckley that deals was designed to create a Communist society In fact, what actually happened was the with an important initiative being orga­ and to bring Grenada into the Soviet orbit." opposite of that stated by my colleagues. I nized by two of my valued friends, NEWT That is plain language, but no plainer than would ask them to check their facts more GINGRICH and IKE SKELTON. what the documents established. There is carefully in the future. I would also ask CFrom the Atlanta Journal, Oct. 2, 19851 even a comprehensive "Line of March" doc­ them to reflect on the ease with which ument that was marked confidential and events barely 1 month old can be misinter­ REMEMBER GRENADA AS TuRNING POINT FOR consecutively numbered by hand. SOVIETS preted and to consider further the likeli­ We come upon details that remind us of hood that events 70 years old also might be the modus operandi of revolutionaries. Here NEW YoRK.-Reps. Newt Gingrich, R-Ga., Comrade Bishop explains how you go about de­ a very bright idea, to which end they are taining a suspect: "We don't go and call for foraging for support from their colleagues. no votes. You get detained when I sign an PORNOGRAPHY FORFEITURE It is to ordain the week of Oct. 20-26 "The order.... Once I sign it-like it or don't like PROCEEDINGS VENUE ACT OF Lessons of Grenada Week." Already they it-it's up the hill for them." Special duties 1985 have close to 200 signatures, and during the are assigned to agents to "monitor" all ser­ next few days they hope to mobilize Con­ mons, with the view to "the controlling of HON. FRANK R. WOLF gress. all hirachy in an effort to examine the problem and develop an appropriate intergovernmental in the thought that future generations will I would urge those members who have point to Grenada as the highwater mark of response. Soviet imperialism, even as historians point not already added their support for this commemorative week to consider contact­ Legislation I am introducing will elp to Tier as the westernmost point of the Federal law enforcement agencies enforce Mongol invasion, arrested in the 13th centu­ ing Mr. GINGRICH or Mr. SKELTON for fur­ existing laws regarding the importation of ry. ther information. Also I suggest that the pornographic and obscene materials. All the more significant if we remind our­ American people ponder the message so selves of the Brezhnev Doctrine. It is the aptly put by columnist Buckley. Thanks to the efforts of this body last year, one that reads, idiomatically: Vhat is ours passage of the Child Protection Act of 1984 is permanently ours, what is yours is up for has significantly altered the nature of child grabs. By the rules of the Brezhnev Doc­ U.N. ACTION ON ARMENIAN pornography in this country. It is a felony trine, Grenada should not have been al­ GENOCIDE QUESTION to produce, distribute or possess pornogra­ lowed to happen. phy using children in the United States. That much is easy to remember. But the Unfortunately, this domestic prohibition call for a week devoted to a study of "The HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST Lessons of Granada" acknowledges that OF VIRGINIA has led to an increase of production by for­ there is much more to consider than merely IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eign pornographers. The Netherlands leads the way in this exportation with Denmark the bare historical episode. And the reason Thursday, October 3, 1985 for this is that when the Marines landed in and Sweden also sending objectionable ma­ Grenada two years ago they discovered doc­ Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, I have terials through the mails into the United uments that give us a most extraordinary, read with great interest statements for the States under false cover, concealed in mag­ detailed account of how it is that the Soviet RECORD made by several of my colleagues azines, newspapers and other publications. Union goes about colonizing a little country, in the House and Senate during the past I believe we can effectively deal with this with the aid of indigenous fellow travelers. month which allege that a subcommission Under the sponsorship of the State De­ problem through passage of my legislation. partment and the USIA, two scholars were endorsed the fact of an Armenian genocide. nature now enters the United States deputized to try to put together in managea­ These gentlemen argue that if the United through the port of New York where Cus­ ble size a cross section of those documents, Nations is satisfied that a genocide took toms and Postal Service officials are in­ their purpose being to tell us, or to remind place, the Congress should also endorse the volved in the seizure and forfeiture of ma­ us, of the kind of things the Soviets do same interpretation of history. terials under the jurisdiction of the U.S. at­ when they are engaged in colonizing. The The facts, however, are these: torney for the eastern district of New York. book that grew out of that effort is called On August 29, 1985, the U.N. Subcommis­ "Grenada Documents: An Overview and Se­ Under the current process, after seizure, lection," and is available from the Depart­ sion on the Prevention of Discrimination community standards are applied to deter­ ment of State and the Department of De­ and Protection of Minorities voted to take mine whether the material is obscene and fense for $19. note of a report on ideas for revising the indecent. Within 14 days a complaint must The pagination is not sequential, so that Genocide Convention which was prepared be filed or the material will be either for­ one can only guess at the number of pages, by the subcommissions' special rapporteur. mally seized or forwarded to the addressee. October 3, 1985 . EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26141 Objectionable pornography may under­ a disproportionate amount of enforcement <1) the date of discovery, or standably be a low priority for enforcement work. <2> the date that a complaint or indict­ and prosecution. <3> Forfeiture decisions would be brought ment is filed in the event the matter is re­ more into line with the community stand­ ferred to the United States attorney for It is with this concern in mind that I am ards of the community that would be affect­ criminal prosecution, or introducing this measure which will allow ed by the proposed importation. Under cur­ (3) the date that the United States attor­ Customs and Postal Service officials to in­ rent law, for example, it is possible for the ney declines such prosecution. vestigate incoming pornography traffic and community standards which prevail in New SEC. 5. A new subsection of section 305 hand over for · seizure and/or prosecution York to determine what may be imported of the Tariff Act of 1930 <19 U.S.C. 1305), is such items to the U.S. attorney in the into North Carolina, or for the community added to read as follows: "Upon motion of region to which such mail is addressed for standards which prevail in Atlanta to deter­ the United States, a court shall stay such mine what may be imported into New York. civil forfeiture proceedings commenced delivery. I believe this legislation will expe­ This bill would also address administrative under this section pending the completion dite the process of distributing and deliver­ problems stemming from the Supreme of any related criminal matter." ing mail which may erroneously be brought Court's decision, United States v. Thirty­ SEC. 6. This Act shall become effective on in for investigation; will give Customs and Seven f37J Photographs, 402 U.S. 363 <1971), the thirtieth day after the date of enact­ Postal Service officials greater flexibility in which held that forfeiture hearings must be ment of this Act. dealing with this imported material, and commenced within fourteen days of the sei­ zure of the materials pursuant to 19 U.S.C. will ensure that the community standards 1305. The bill would, for example, by inodi­ IN TRIBUTE TO "MR. FHA"-AL of each neighborhood, township, and com­ fying and extending the time limits, permit munity in the Nation will be observed. the government to pursue criminal investi­ NACLARIO Mr. Speaker, I am including with this gations with regard to child pornography statement a copy of the bill for my col­ without being bound by the fourteen day re­ ferral limitation. Under present circum­ HON. MARIO BIAGGI leagues' review and a section-by-section OF NEW YORK analysis. The U.S. Postal Service and the stances, the government frequently elects to investigate recipientS of imported child por­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES U.S. Customs Service have worked closely nography only to find that criminal pros­ with me in developing this measure, and ecution is · unwarranted. In that case, the Thursday, October 3, 1985 the Justice Department has shown no oppo­ government having no recourse to forfeiture Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, the Federal sition to a statutory change of this nature. proceedings under 19 U.S.C. 1305 since the fourteen day time limit has passed, is faced work force is often criticized and seldom With passage of this measure, I believe appreciated. For many Americans, the Fed­ we have an opportunity to crack down on with the untenable position of forwarding the obscene materials to the addressee. The eral Government is just one big tax collec­ the pornography which now comes in bill's provisions would allow the government tion agency, so this negative perception is across our borders and assist Federal agen­ to initiate forfeiture proceedings within somewhat understandable, though unde­ cies in the enforcement of current laws on thirty days of the date of discovery. the served. Clearly, those of us who know importation of obscene materials. I urge date that a criminal complaint or indict­ better, realize that the only reason the Gov­ my colleagues to join me in this fight to ment is filed, or the date the U.S. Attorney ernment collects taxes is so we can provide protect our families and children in Amer­ declines prosecution. The thirty day referral vital services, in many cases, life-saving ica from the threat posed by international period would also be stayed pending the completion of any related criminal matter. services. Yet, while the money that goes pornographers. into those programs is certainly important, SECTION-BY-SECTION .ANAL YSIS-PORNOGRA­ H.R. 3506 perhaps even more important are the PHY FORFEITURE PROCEEDINGS ACT OF 1985 A bill to improve the enforcement of the people that run those programs. For those This bill would resolve, at.'little or no cost restrictions against imported pornography who feel more comfortable thinking of to the government, problems of administra- Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Federal programs in dollars and cents tion which have recently arisen in connec­ Representatives of the United States of terms, let it be said that an able Adminis­ tion with the enforcement of the prohibi­ America in Congress assembled, That this trator is worth millions. tions in existing law <19 U.S.C. 1305) against Act may be cited as the "Pornography For­ Today, I want to pay tribute to a man the importation of pornographic or obscene feiture Proceedings Venue Act of 1985". who fits that description better than books and materials. SEc. 2. The second paragraph of subsec­ anyone I know. His name is· Al Naclario, Currently, existing law requires the for­ tion of section 305 of the Tariff Act of feiture proceedings which the government 1930, as amended <19 U.S.C. 1305), is hereby the Director of Housing for HUD's New institutes against such articles to be redesignated as a new subsection of said York Regional Office. His job-to secure brought in the district in which the articles section 305, and encaptioned "Enforcement adequate and affordable housing for those are first identified in a customs border Procedures". who Jack it in the New York area. Obvious­ search. Since the conduct of such searches SEc. 3. The second sentence of subsection ly, meeting the basic housing needs of our tends to be concentrated in the vicinity of (b) of section 305 of the Tariff Act of 1930 Nation's most populated area is no easy the principal ports of entry for imported ar­ <19 U.S.C. 1305), as redesignated and encap­ task. But, with a special blend of enthusi­ ticles, an undue administrative burden on tioned by this Act, is revised to read as fol­ asm, compassion and vigor Al has more proceeding against such articles, wherever lows: "Upon the seizure of such book or they may be addressed for delivery within matter such customs officer shall transmit than met the challenge. the United States, is placed on the offices of information thereof to the United States at­ It should be noted that I am proud to be the United States Attorneys and the federal torney of the district in which is situated among Al's close friends. But, let me em­ district courts in a relatively few judicial either the office at which such seizure has phasize that my view of Al Naclario's work districts. taken place, or the place to which such book is not distorted by that friendship. It has The bill would give the government the or matter is addressed, who shall institute simply allowed me to see first-hand the tre­ option of transferring the venue or location proceedings in the district court for the for­ mendous energy and personal pride that Al of the forfeiture proceeding to the district feiture, confiscation, and destruction of the brings to his job. The final word does not in which the named addressee resides. The book or matter seized." advantages of such a transfer are perceived SEC. 4. A new subsection of section 305 have to come from me. Al Naclario's record to be the following: of the Tariff Act of 1930 <19 U.S.C. 1305), is of achievement and considerable distinc­ Work on pornography forfeiture pro­ added to read as follows: tion speaks for itself. ceedings could be more equitably distribut­ Notwithstanding the provisions in Affectionately known as, "Mr. FHA," Al ed throughout the nation, so that the courts paragraphs and above, whenever a has distinguished himself as the region II and prosecutors in each particular part of Customs officer discovers any obscene mate­ Director for HUD since 1983. Prior to that the country can assume their fair share of rial after such material has been imported appointment, he has a long and distin­ the responsibility for enforcing existing por­ or brought into the United States, or at­ guished record, totaling nearly 40 years, on nography laws. tempted to be imported or brought into the (2) More of the country's resources would United States he may refer the matter to behalf of Federal housing programs in the accordingly be brought to bear against a se­ the United States attorney for the institu­ New York metropolitan area. As Director rious national problem, because no one tion of forfeiture proceedings under this of Housing, he has spearheaded all housing court or prosecutor would be expected to do section within 30 days of programs and activities, including mort- 26142 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 gage insurance and direct loan programs to imitate. He has set an example for not Over a year and a half ago, Sasha was for single and multifamily dwellings. only other public officials-but also for arrested for draft evasion. Allowing himself With a staff of over 300 individuals, Al those dedicated to adequate, affordable to be conscripted would have meant 3 years Naclario has brought a creative response to housing for all as their advocate. Most im­ of military service, after which the entire the housing needs of middle- and low­ portantly, I am pleased that so many have Yakir family could be legally detained in income families in the New York City area. chosen to honor him and recognize his Russia for an additional 5 years. Instead, His energy and leadership has placed him achievements. I want to join with them in Sasha Yakir chose to serve 2 years in a in a position with responsibilities that in­ paying my own personal tribute to him labor camp, where he is today. Sasha's clude heading a task force 'designed to de­ today. His work is a matter of public pride father, Evgeny, visited his son at the labor velop Battery Park City and Roosevelt and accomplishment for those of us who camp in Liepsk in early June. Evgeny was Island. He also served as regional repre­ are privileged to also be able to call him optimistic that the upcoming summit would sentative to the cooperative city and State friend. bring hope for Sasha. ventures with the city's Mitchell-Lama I trust the President will keep refusniks housing projects. He finally was designated like Sasha Yakir in mind when he meets head of the "Hardnose Team.'' with full au­ REFUSENIK ALEXANDER Y AKIR General Secretary Gorbachev in Geneva. thority from the Assistant Secretary to And I hope he makes it clear that Soviet secure agreement on all troubled projects. HON. HARRY REID adherence to the Helsinki accords will have His expertise in housing matters was a direct bearing in prospects for improving gathered from the bottom up, starting with OF NEVADA United States-Soviet relations. his employment with the VA Home Guar­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES anty Authority Program in 1946. It was there that he utilized his experience, as a Thursday, October 3, 1985 SACRAMENTO CELEBRATES veteran and prisoner of war of World War Mr. REID. Mr. Speaker, as the upcoming ASIAN COMMUNITY NURSING II, to address the varied housing needs of summit between President Reagan and HOME WITH GROUNDBREAK­ veterans returning from the war. To his General Secretary Gorbachev nears, I wish ING AND DEDICATION CERE­ credit, he assumed roles of increasing au­ to take this opportunity to bring attention MONIES thority which allowed him to tackle i.he to Soviet human rights policy and its im­ twin problems of urban blight and housing portance in United States-Soviet relations. HON. ROBERT T. MATSUI shortages. He became directly involved in The United States and the Soviet Union OF CALIFORNIA Federal initiatives designed to address the hope to reach an arms control accord to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES needs of the underserved and underrepre­ make this world a more secure one. We sented in cities-the elderly, the poor, and Americans, before leaping into agreements Thursday, October 3, 1985 the handicapped. with the Soviets, must examine their less­ Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to The decision by Project Return to honor than-sterling record on adhering to their call to the attention of the U.S. House of Al Naclario last June with its Gold Medal­ word, before signing any strategic arms Representatives a dream that is about to lion for Distinguished Service, was but one treaties. become a reality: The establishment of an in a long series of honors and achieve­ The Soviet Union signed three interna­ Asian community nursing home in Sacra­ ments that he has garnered throughout his tional agreements in which it guaranteed mento. 40-year public career. In addition to earn­ religious freedom and the right to emigrate Although Sacramento has a number of ing the distinguished Purple Heart in for all Soviet citizens. Nonetheless, Soviet fine, high-quality nursing homes, they are World War II, he has been given numerous repression of Jews who study Hebrew and not designed to meet the special cultural, citations during his association with Feder­ Jewish culture has escalated, while Jewish dietary and language needs of the Asian al housing programs. He was named emigration has slowed to less than 2 per­ population. As a result, Asian seniors who "Housing Man of the Year" in 1982 by the. cent of its 1979 figure. are placed in these facilities may experi­ National Housing Conference. In 1980, the While Soviet emigration policies repress ence cultural misunderstandings and a Real Estate and Construction Industry also thousands, allow me to describe one case I deep sense of isolation. cited him as "Man of the Year for B'nai am particularly familiar with through my I believe the Asian community nursing B'rith Youth Services." Former HUD Sec­ wife's involvement in the Congressional home will serve an important purpose in retary Moon Landrieu awarded him a cer­ Spouse's Committee of 21. Alexander Sacramento. It will afford seniors excellent tificate of merit for exceptional leadership (Sasha) Yakir is a 29-year-old Soviet Jew health care and provide them the cultural in the multifamily housing industry for the who has tried to emigrate for 10 years. His and Bocial support they need for a healthy New York area. In addition to two quality initial emigration application was cynically life. The home will also be a center for awards as Regional Administrator and the rejected on "humanitarian grounds." The community involvement for those outside Secretary George Romney Award for Hous­ authorities claimed they could not grant the home. ing Production, Al also received the Com­ his request because they "do not split fami­ This Sunday, October 6, groundbreaking missioner of FHA award, for his outstand­ lies.'' even though Sasha's parents Evgeny and dedication ceremonies will take place ing leadership in rental housing programs. and Rimma Yakir had applied for and been at the future site of the home, 7801 Rush Al Naclario has roots in the New York refused exit visas a year earlier. In the face River Drive. The day will be of special im­ City area having attended both Manhattan of a seemingly impossible situation, Sasha portance to those in the community who College and Columbia University, where he Y akir claimed Israeli citizenship, as is the shared a dream and acted to build upon majored in real estate principles and ap­ right of Jews across the world. Twice, that vision. praisals. His wife, Nicoletta, and their three Soviet authorities "lost" the Israeli Govern­ Among those who have shared the dream children, Alphonse, Linda Marie, and Mi­ ment's documents supporting Yakir's is Yasushi "Chewy" Ito. Chewy is the presi­ chael, have made New York their home­ claim. dent of the Asian Community Center of and not only the city, but our State and Not only do the Soviets deny emigration Sacramento Valley, Inc., which is the country are the better for it. rights to their citizens; those who apply to parent corporation of the nursing home. Public service is a profession which en­ leave face the prospect of harassment Chewy has spent untiring hours raising tails long hours and often little, if any rec­ which threatens their livelihood inside the funds and rallying support for the home. ognition for dedicated individuals such as U.S.S.R. Sasha Yakir, trained as an engi­ Without his efforts the project would not Al Naclario. He has risen above the level of neer, could not find work in his field and be breaking ground Sunday. the ordinary in public life to achieve the had to take a job as an elevator operator. I would also like to acknowledge the con­ extraordinary. His parents both lost their positions as en­ tribution of Angelo Tsakopoulos. Angelo It is clear that in his career with the Fed­ gineers and only survive by translating and donated the 31/2 acres on which the home eral Government, Al Naclario has distin­ typing English technical material into Rus­ will sit. Angelo understands the importance guished himself in a way that few can hope sian. of the home to the Asian community and to October 3, -1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26143 Sacramento. Sacramento is a place where It was always unrealistic to assume that cellation clauses in all leases, requiring we help each other to improve the quality the federal government would ever agree to them to move if Westway were to go ahead. of life for everyone. fund this project. It became especially so in Rebuilding our transit system would gen­ There is still work to be done. The con­ this era of unprecedented fiscal constraint. erate at least as many jobs as the construc­ The most conservative cost estimate for tion of Westway. crete must be poured and more than Westway was $2.3 billion, more than twice Transit construction and repair is general­ $400,000 must still be raised. But Sunday is as expensive, per mile, as any other inter­ ly more labor-intensive than highway con­ a day to celebrate achievement and to feel state segment ever funded. Many experts struction, and this work is typically provid­ good about our accomplishments. have said Westway would actually cost be­ ed by local unions, which mean more jobs I commend all those whose efforts have tween $4 billion and $10 billion-an absurd for New Yorkers and minority workers. made this vital project a reality. price tag for 4.2-mile highway. With antici­ There has been strong opposition to pated revenues for the Highway Trust fund, Westway from many New Yorkers. Fifty­ which would have financed Westway, dpwn seven of the 63 public officials on record WEEP NO TEARS FOR WESTWAY by $1 billion to $2 billion, leaving the fund with the Corps of Engineers opposed · bankrupt by 1989, it is unlikely that the fed­ Westway. Seventy-five percent of the con­ eral government could have afforded to stituents responding to my most recent dis­ HON. HOWARD WOLPE finish Westway. The city or the state would trictwide questionnaire favored the trade-in OF MICHIGAN have been forced to pick up the bill or leave option over building Westway. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the project unfinished. The suggestion that the vote in Congress The ill-fated Westway proposal galvanized against Westway was motivated by anti-New Thursday, October 3, 1985 the opposition of environmental groups not York sentiment is a disservice to New York Mr. WOLPE. Mr. Speaker, on September only in New York but also around the coun­ and to Congress. Westway was defeated be­ 11 this body voted overwhelmingly to sup­ try, because it would have seriously dam­ cause it was too rich a project in a fiscally port an amendment to the Transportation aged one of the primary spawning grounds conservative climate. It joined other appropriations bill offered by my col­ of the striped bass. In spite of efforts to projects like the $4-billion Clinch River re­ trivialize this fact by Westway proponents, actor that were defeated when public opin­ leagues Mr. COUGHLIN, Mr. WEISS, and Mr. the bass is one of the East Coast's most im­ ion against extravagant projects with exor­ GUARINI. The amendment blocked funds portant commercial and sports fish. The bitant price tags caught up with them. for a landfill in New York's Hudson River highway would have harmed a $200 million Westway was part of a bygone era of grandi­ for the purpose of constructing a highway fishing industry that provides jobs, food and ose schemes when money seemed cheap and project known as Westway. recreation to the region. An 11th-hour at­ federal budget deficits were modest. History By adopting the Coughlin-Weiss-Guarini tempt by the Army Corps of Engineers to will prove that the decision to scrap amendment to stop the Westway landfill, deny this conclusion was overruled by both Westway was right. a U.S. District Court and a Federal Appeals the House displayed a commitment to both Court which called the arguments of the environmental protection and fiscal re­ corps' witnesses "Orwellian-like double­ LET'S GIVE FARMERS A CHOICE sponsibility. Not only would this project speak" that was "unworthy of belief." have constituted a waste of Federal funds, Even if Westway were completed, it would it would have necessitated the creation of have done little to relieve New York's trans­ HON. BILL SCHUEITE the huge landfill endangering a primary portation problems. Most traffic jams in the OF MICHIGAN habitat of the striped bass, one of the east city are caused at bridge and tunnel connec­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES coast's leading commercial and sports fish. tions. Westway would have attracted more Thursday, October 3, 1985 traffic and increased the line of cars and I am submitting for the record a guest congestion on the streets and at the en­ Mr. SCHUETTE. Mr. Speaker, I have column which appeared in Newsday, writ­ trance and exit ramps planned at Canal long maintained that in this time of great ten by my colleague from Manhattan, TED Street, 15th Street and 30th Street. The re­ stress and hardships for many farm fami­ WEISS, whose West Side district would have constructed West Street that has replaced lies, we should allow farmers the opportu­ contained the Westway project. The state­ the old elevated highway-with proper up­ nity to vote on the kind of farm program ment highlights the many benefits the citi­ grading-could amply satisfy . vehicular needs without the construction of an expen­ they want. That is why I have supported zens of New York can expect now that the the Bedell amendment, which provides that State of New York has agreed instead to sive major highway. Much of Westway's funds would have opportunity for farmers to vote. I do not spend the money authorized for Westway been used to construct over 200 acres of support mandatory controls; in fact, I have on badly-needed mass transit and highway landfill-composed of toxic-laden material repeatedly voted for agriculture policies improvements. I commend the article to my dredged from the Hudson River bottom. that are sensitive to world market forces. colleagues. Half of the highway would have been tun­ But at a time that problems on the farm The article follows: neled through landfill that would have ex­ are worse than they have been in 50 years, [From the Newsday, Sept. 25, 19851 tended almost two blocks into the Hudson River. It would have produced 50 acres or a I believe we can, at the very least, give WEEP No TEARS FOR WESTWAY total of 20 new residential blocks with 7,100 farmers a choice. units of new luxury waterfront housing in The long struggle to defeat the most ex­ Chelsea, Greenwich Village and Lower Man­ travagant highway ever conceived came to hattan. It would have required 10 to 15 THE 13TH ANNIVERSARY OF an end last week, when Gov. Mario Cuomo years of digging, drilling, construction noise, . THE ABM TREATY and Mayor Edward Koch agreed to trade in dirt and traffic. $1.7 billion of Westway funds. The trade-in One of the projected Westway ramps HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. decision was an important victory for New would have cut a swath across the northern OF CALIFORNIA York City residents whose overwhelming perimeter of the Gansevoort Meat Market, majority use public transportation. The city threatening a $2-billion business that em­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will now have the opportunity to rebuild a ploys 3,000 to 4,500 workers and an addition­ Thursday, October 3, 1985 much-needed but more modestly scaled al several thousand in support jobs for mi­ roadway along the West Side from the Bat­ norities. The construction of Westway Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speaker, tery to 42nd Street, with the bulk of the would have required the gutting of 47 build­ today marks the 13th anniversary of the ef­ money available for crucial subway, bus and ings, 24 piers, 10 public facilities and 110 fective date of the Anti-Ballistic Missile commuter projects. The general welfare of businesses. [ABM] Treaty. The ABM Treaty was signed the city has been better served. Westway was not needed to promote wa­ by the United States and the U.S.S.R. in The mass transit system is the lifeline of terfront development. In fact, we are likely May 1972, after some 2% years of negotia­ New York City, 85 percent of those who to see accelerated development along the tions under the Nixon administration, and travel to work use mass transit. Of an esti­ waterfront now that the threat of a huge, mated 4.1 million daily person trips to Man­ 10-year construction project has been re­ remains one of our most effective and note­ hattan, only 13 percent are by auto, of moved from the area. Developers have pro­ worthy treaties in existence. which less than half use the West Side cor­ posed using the abandoned piers for restau­ The American ABM effort began shortly ridor, according to the Westway project's rants, tennis courts, marinas and skating after the Second World War, but lan­ environmental impact statement. rinks, but were discouraged by 60-day can- guished for over a decade in the absence of 26144 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 a perceived threat. In the mid-1950's, Soviet On March 23, 1983, President Reagan [Statement by former Secretaries of De­ advances in long-range rocketry led to a gave what is now popularly known as his fense, released by the National Campaign drastically increased U.S. emphasis on star wars speech, calling on the Nation's to Save the ABM Treaty on October 3, 1985, the 13th anniversary of the Treaty] ABM research. The ABM debate of the scientists and engineers to pursue technol­ l 960's achieved momentum only when it ogies that would make the United States STATEMENT IN SUPPORT OF THE ABM TREATY impacted on individual citizens on a large safe from the threat of nuclear annihila­ On the thirteenth anniversary of the en­ scale; specifically, when the process of se­ tion. He also directed the development of tering into force of the ABM Treaty. we re­ affirm our view that this international lecting sites near several of our largest an intensive effort to begin a research and cities brought to millions of people the agreement of unlimited duration makes an development program aimed at an ultimate important contribution to American securi­ image of nuclear-tipped missiles in their goal of eliminating the threat posed by nu­ ty and to reducing the risk of nuclear war. backyards. clear ballistic missiles. As former Secretaries of Defense, we call With the completion of the ABM Treaty Since his speech, the President has upon the American and Soviet governments and the interim agreement on offensive nu­ signed a number of directives aimed at re­ both to avoid actions that would undermine clear forces in 1972, the superpowers im­ the ABM Treaty and to bring to an end any programming previous U.S. missile defense plicitly acknowleged the overwhelming prior departures from the terms of the strategic reality: however seductive in efforts and placing them within his strate­ Treaty, such as the Krasnoyarsk radar. We theory, nationwide defense against missile gic defense initiative [SDI]. Although both urge President Reagan and General Gorba­ chev to reach agreement in Geneva to nego­ attack was not feasible because the destruc­ the United States and the Soviet Union have long had active research and develop­ tiate new measures which would prevent tiveness of nuclear weapons gave offensive further erosion of the Treaty and assure its systems an insurmountable advantage. ment programs to examine ballistic missile continued viability. In addition, the deployment of large-scale defense CBMDJ, the United States effort has HAROLD BROWN, missile defenses would lessen the stability been restructured, and additional concepts CLARK M. CLIFFORD, of the strategic balance. A competition in are being examined at the President's di­ MELVIN R . LAIRD, building ABM systems would inevitably in­ rection. The SDl's main focus will be to de­ ROBERT S. McNAMARA, velop, test, and possibly build a layered ELLIOT L. RICHARDSON, stigate an uncontrolled buildup in offensive JAMES R. SCHLESINGER. nuclear forces, as each sought to insure its system designed to intercept and destroy ability to penetrate its opponent's defensive ballistic missiles throughout the flight tra­ The November summit between President shield. jectory. Reagan and Secretary General Gorbachev It was recognized that such an unregulat­ Also of concern are devices or systems provides an excellent opportunity for both ed offensive-defensive arms competition that, although ostensibly designed for other the United States and the Soviet Union to reiterate their commitment to the intent could also have adverse consequences on purposes, could be used in an ABM role. and spirit of the ABM Treaty. Such a "crisis stability," and therefore increase the Chief among these are large phased-array simple, yet extremely important, step could risk of nuclear war. Crisis stability exists radars, antitactical ballistic missiles, and prevent a needless, expensive, and destabi­ when each side is secure in the knowledge antisatellite [ASATJ systems. Well before lizing arms race in space. Mr. President, I that it possesses the capacity to threaten the United States must make a decision encourage you to follow the example of the other side with devastating retaliation whether to deploy a space-based missile de­ your Republican predecessor and do all even if struck first with nuclear weapons. fense system, the development and testing that possibly can be done to eliminate Both superpowers spend considerable funds of such a system and its components would ABM's not only from the face of the Earth, and effort to maintain this "second-strike" violate the ABM Treaty, generally regarded but from our skies as well. capability. as the cornerstone of the present arms con­ The projected cost of an unregulated of- trol regime. . fensive-defensive competition was also an We must be especially cautious of under­ AN OBSERVER'S IMPRESSION OF inducement for controls. It was well under­ mining the treaty before we know whether THE NEVADA TEST SITE stood that the dual pursuit of both nation­ it is in our interest to proceed with a defen­ wide ABM systems and new technologies sive system. Not only is it unlikely to be in for offensive systems to penetrate defenses HON. HARRY REID our interest to engage in a defensive weap­ would be prohibitively expensive. OF NEVADA ons race, but research won't tell us much Having participated at considerable IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES length in the "great ABM debate" of the for another 10 years. Caution is mandatory 1960's, I remember it well. In fact, the argu­ in light of a recent Office of Technology Thursday, October 3, 1985 ments presented for the deployment of the Assessment study which warns: Mr. REID. Mr. Speaker, the Nevada test President's strategic defense initiative are If we were to allow the ABM Treaty site, located about an hour's drive north not all that different from the arguments in regime to erode, and then find at the end of from Las Vegas, has been this country's the 1960's. our BMD research program that the new major testing facility for nuclear weapons BMD technologies did not fulfill expecta­ The ABM Treaty bans the deployment of for more than three decades. tions, we could end up with the worst of Below is the impression that one observ­ nationwide systems to defend against bal­ both worlds: no arms control to limit BMD, listic missile attack. The explicit purpose of Soviet BMD deployment, no effective U.S. er had after her tour of the Nevada test the ABM Treaty is to preclude the type of BMD and, quite possibly, augmented Soviet site. advanced nationwide missile defense offensive forces intended to overcome an an­ POINT ONE TO MINUS NINE system that President Reagan envisions ticipated U.S. BMD. and the less sophisticated one that the Despite attempts on both sides to push basic objective and explicit terms of the importantly, verifiable agreement between Balancing equations; point one to minus nine, treaty. our two nations. Yesterday, six former De­ For over a decade, the ABM Treaty has A game involving numbers for scientific fense Secretaries issued a statement calling enhanced our national security by prevent­ mind, on the United States and the Soviet Union Fevered. furrowed brows. fanatically ob­ ing a costly and dangerous arms race in sessed, antimissile weapons. Unlike most arms to "avoid actions that would undermine" the ABM Treaty. I include the text of the Our toy against their toy; a race to see control agreements which reduce or elimi­ who's best. nate outdated, obsolete weapons systems, letter by former Secretaries Harold Brown, Clark M. Clifford, Melvin R. Laird, Robert Bombs blasting on a wallsize screen. fallout the ABM Treaty not only limited existing well contained, warfare technology, but future ones as S. McNamara, Elliot L. Richardson, and Post mortem of the test is seen not once in well. James R. Schlesinger: numbers maimed, October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26145 A problem's solved-for men like this-but of the San Fernando Valley. He has also Over the objections of the bill's chief not in human terms, been active in his local Tarzana Chamber sponsor, Alan K. Simpson, Republican of For them there is not life involved, as they of Commerce and Lions Club for many Wyoming, the Senate accepted a proposal, drive back to their homes. strongly backed by the growers, for a special years. program to bring as many as 350,000 aliens Can men like this sleep well at night, dream President Reagan has recognized Art as a dreams of God and love? into the United States for seasonal farm leader in our business community by ap­ work. While nuclear waste, destruction, violence, pointing him to the Small Business Admin­ pain hover above? Opponents of the program said it under­ The hands that hold their children, hold istration's Region IX Advisory Council. mined the purpose of the bill, which was to also death to all mankind. The list of Art's membership is almost tighten the borders of the United States. Is this our future image, the best that we endless and I won't list them for the Mem­ But Senator Pete Wilson, Republican of can find? bers. But, suffice it to say, that if there has California, argued that the program would legalize the status of many foreign workers To put it on a personal note, am I to be a been an activity benefiting the people of the San Fernando Valley, Art Pfefferman and thereby protect them from exploita­ part tion. And without it, he said, crops would Of making this place I live in a nuclear has been involved in it. rot in the fields because farmers could not shopping mart? Now, he is being recognized with the hire enough Americans to do the harvest­ Am I to take a share of it, the money and highest honor that can be bestowed on a ing. the fame? San Fernando Valley resident-the Fernan­ The growers' lobby, which represents such Am I able to live with it, the destruction do Award. I know the other Members of groups as the California Grape and Tree and the shame? the House will want to join with me in sa­ Fruit League, the International Apple Insti­ I ·champion the cause of Beauty, in the luting Art, his lovely wife Sandy, and his tute, the Raisin Bargaining Association and name of God and Man, the Washington Asparagus Growers Asso­ For the truth in man's noblest achieve­ sons, Michael and Craig, on this honor that his fellow citize!ts are according him. ciation, has excellent connections with the ments, for the truth in the world of Agriculture Department. Chief among its Pan. friends is Patrick H. Quinn, who, as execu­ Beauty does not live in craters on the desert THE WILSON IMMIGRATION tive vice president of the National Council floor, AMENDMENT: A SELLOUT OF of Agricultural Employers, used to lobby for Truth does not dwell in destruction, vio­ U.S. FARMWORKERS some of the growers. lence, hate and war. Mr. Quinn is now an aide to Deputy Secre­ History will not judge us as a country brave tary of Agriculture John R. Norton 3d. In and free, HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. disputes with the Labor Department over If we march the world to doomsday in the OF MICHIGAN immigration policy, the Agriculture Depart­ name of liberty. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment almost always sides with the farmers. Freedom, God, Beauty, Truth-call it what The Wilson proposal, Mr. Quinn said, is "a you must- Thursday, October 3, 1985 prudent safety valve" to meet the farmers' Lives in each and every one of us if we live a Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, the Senate expected need for foreign workers if Con­ life that's just. recently voted to approve S. 1200, the re­ gress prohibits them from hiring illegal We ought not need more, bigger bombs to vised immigration bill. While the bill is aliens. prove our point of view, flawed in several respects, the Wilson Under the Simpson bill, employers would For no one can enslave a man with con­ be subject to civil penalties of $100 to $2,000 amendment, which permits up to 350,000 for each illegal alien they hired. The penal­ science brave and true. guestworkers into the United States at any And if we must destroy our foe by sheer ties would start six months after the bill power and force one time for seasonal farmwork, is perhaps became law. But under a special section of Perhaps we are no better than he, perhaps the most damaging provision of the bill. the legislation, farmers would have three we're even worse. Such a massive guestworker program years to stop their use of illegal aliens. The would inevitably undercut organized labor growers could use their normal complement by depressing farm wages, lowering exist­ of illegal alien workers in the first year, 67 ART PFEFFERMAN WINS ing working conditions, and eliminating percent the second year and 33 percent the FERNANDO AWARD employment opportunities for American third year. Advocates of immigration-law changes workers. said the need for new controls was high­ HON. BOBBI FIEDLER An insightful letter on the Wilson lighted last week by the disclosure that at OF CALIFORNIA amendment, written by Prof. Mark J. least 49 bodies had been found in the Arizo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Miller, of the University of Deleware, was na desert since 1982. Law-enforcement offi­ printed recently in the New York Times. cials said the victims were believed to be Thursday, October 3, 1985 Furthermore, in an article entitled "The In­ aliends who had died in the trackless waste Ms. FIEDLER. Mr. Speaker, I rise today stitutionalization of the Illegal Alien," New while seeking work in the United States. A to bring to the attention of the House an York Times staffwriter Robert Pear de­ local union said many of the Mexican work­ event of great importance in my communi­ ers, driven by economic desperation at scribes the lobbying efforts and political home, were hoping to harvest lemons and ty, the annual presentation of the Fernan­ maneuvering by the growers of fruits and grapes in this country. do Award. This award is presented annual­ vegetables in their attempt to force the ly to the one individual in the San Fernan­ Wilson amendment on the House as the MANY HURDLES AHEAD do Valley who has exemplified the qualities make-or-break provision in this legislation. The immigration bill faces many hurdles of leadership in our community. In view of the immigration legislation before it can become law. Its passage de­ In past years, I have told the House of pends, in part, on questions to which there pending before the House J udiciary's Sub­ is no clear answer at this time: Will Presi­ many of my friends who have received this committee on Immigration, Refugees, and dent Reagan campaign for the bill, as he award. But, this year, I am particularly International Law, I am inserting Profes­ has stumped for his tax proposals? Mr. pleased because the winner is one of my sor Miller's letter and Mr. Pear's article Reagan has issued numerous statements of oldest and dearest personal friends. into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. I com­ support for a comprehensive immigration Art Pfefferman is a true embodiment of mend them to my colleagues for their care­ bill, but the White House has also raised the American dream. His rags to riches ful consideration. formidable objections to any measure that story is a shining example of what makes [From the New York Times, Sept. 29, 19851 deviates from the President's specifications. America great. He is a small businessman Another question is whether representa­ THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE ILLEGAL tive Peter W. Rodino Jr., Democrat of New who started with virtually nothing and is ALIEN Jersey, will push the legislation. Mr. now one of the largest franchisers in Cali­ Rodino, the chairman of the Judiciary Com­ fornia. Washington.-When the Senate took up a mittee, is nearing the end of a long career in While he has been working at building comprehensive bill to curtail illegal immi­ Congress. He might like to have his name his own business, he has been serving his gration earlier this month, the growers of preserved in a major statute of the type community as well. Art is the past presi­ fruits and vegetables once again demon­ that Congress passes once in a generation, dent of the United Chambers of Commerce strated their considerable political power. but aides say he would fiercely resist any

fi!-Ofi9 0-86-20 lPt. !9J 26146 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 bill that violates the liberal principles for The Senate cannot expect to inaugurate a Mr. Speaker, Charles Schulz is, indeed, which he has fought. temporary-foreign-worker program unilater­ "a good man." Mr. Rodino has said, for example, that he ally. If there is need for such a program, would oppose a measure likely to increase then bilateral negotiations between the employment discrimination against legal im­ United States and possible labor-supplying WORLD FOOD DAY migrants and refugees. states are in order. Mr. Rodino also said he was "deeply disap­ We should anticipate that nations such as pointed" by the Senate's approval of a new Mexico and Jamaica will expect fair and eq­ HON.MARGEROUKEMA foreign worker program because he believed uitable treatment of their nationals recruit­ OF NEW JERSEY it could jeopardize the wages, working con­ ed to work in the United States. The history IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ditions and job opportunities of American of the bracero program and Western Euro­ farm workers. pean foreign-labor policies suggests that Thursday, October 3, 1985 Representative Charles E. Schumer, Dem­ such an expectation is unlikely to be com­ Mrs. ROUKEMA. Mr. Speaker, I am ocrat of Brooklyn, is trying to work out a pletely realized in practice. pleased again this year to be a cosponsor of The difficulties inherent in administering compromise on the agricultural provisions a House joint resolution that would call on of the bill. Those provisions, he said, "will such programs in democratic, open societies make or break" the legislation. The House do not bode well for the U.S. the President to declare October 16 "World Judiciary Committee may approve an immi­ MARK J. MILLER, Food Day." In this special commemoration, gration bill this year, but it is not expected Associate Professor our country will be joined by about 150 to reach the floor before next spring. of Political Sci­ other countries that will also observe Representative Leon E. Panetta, a Califor­ ence, University of World Food Day. nia Democrat who led the fight for the for­ Delaware, Newark, I commend Hunger Committee member eign worker program, in floor debate last DE, Sept. 22, 1985. BENJAMIN GILMAN for proposing the World year, said the bill had a 60 percent chance Food Day resolution, the more than 300 of becoming law if it reached the House "YOU'RE A GOOD MAN, floor this year. But he estimated its chances CHARLES SCHULZ" "PEANUTS" American groups and organization mem­ at only 40 percent if a vote is delayed till AT 35 bers of the National Committee for World 1985. "Once you put it into the election Food Day, and the Food and Agriculture year," he said, "all hell breaks loose." HON. EDWARD P. BOLAND Organization [FAO] of the United Nations Many former Government officials, busi­ OF MASSACHUSETTS [U.NJ, in its 40th anniversary year, for its ness executives and labor leaders have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES leading efforts toward food security for all signed letters endorsing the bill. Christo­ nations. pher J. Matthews, a spokesman for House, Thursday, October 3, 1985 This past year has seen one of the worst Speaker Thomas P. O'Neill Jr., said, howev­ Mr. BOLAND. Good grief, Mr. Speaker, famines in human history. For the third er, that the process of organizing coalitions of support had been "too antispetic," too Charlie Brown was 35 years old yesterday! year in a row, half or more of the countries dispassionate. By contrast, Hispanic oppo­ It does not seem possible that the "Pea­ of Africa have faced food emergencies. nents of the bill denounce it with passionate nuts" gang has been with us for three and Tens of millions of persons faced the threat fury because they believe it would stigma­ a half decades. How many Americans since of death by starvation and hunger-related tize them. 1950 have begun their perusal of their daily illness. newspapers by first turning to the comics Last November, as the Ranking Republi­ [From the New York Times, Sept. 30, 1985) section and reading "Peanuts"? How many can member of the Select Committee on UNWISE MOVE TO ADMIT FOREIGN FARM school days have started with a quote from Hunger, I traveled to Ethiopia and saw the WORKERS Lucy or Sunday sermons with the wisdom widescale human suffering in that country. To the Editor: of Snoopy? I doubt that any comic strip Through the efforts of members of the Inclusion of a provision for 350,000 tempo­ has developed a larger or more devoted fol­ Hunger Committee and others in the Con­ rary foreign workers in the immigration leg­ lowing than "Peanuts". It's easy to under­ gress, U.S. resources were mobilized and islation passed by the United States Senate stand why. massive food shipments were sent by our masks the declining both immediate enjoyment and food for our country and so many of its private citi­ competitiveness of labor-intensive segments thought later on. Theirs is a universal zens and organizations played in this life­ of American agriculture in global markets. appeal, as evidenced by the fact that the saving mission. Sadly, we cannot rest on Labor-intensive agriculture in the United this accomplishment and return to our ev­ States is highly profitable to a small popularity of "Peanuts" knows neither the number of corporations and family farms, boundary of language nor geography. eryday lives satisfied that we did all that but a heavy price is paid by the public. While no one with children could fail to be we could and more than any others have The potential costs of the Senate's provi­ aware of Woodstock's latest antics or the done. sion regarding temporary foreign workers consequences of Spike's most recent visit, We cannot because the crisis of food also are to be measured in terms of demo­ "Peanuts" is certainly not the sole property shortages in many countries and in house­ cratic values and our foreign relations. of the young. I would suspect that most of holds in all countries persists. The solu­ Obviously, the provision would be detri­ my colleagues have wondered, at one time tions lie in long-term efforts to increase mental to American labor. Black and His­ or another, why inflation had never raised food production in the poorest countries panic farm workers would be the most ad­ versely affected. However, most important, the price for a visit to the office of Dr. and to improve international and intrana­ such a provision would introduce an ele­ Lucy, or when Charlie Brown's baseball tional food distribution in virtually every ment of apartheid into the American body team would win a game. "Peanuts" is fun country. politic. and that is clearly the secret to its success. World Food Day is based on the impor­ The restricted status of foreign workers in I want to congratulate Charles Schulz for tant idea that the people of the world the Senate bill would vary only in degree what he has created over the past 35 years. should share in a partnership in the search from that of black migrant workers in He is a skilled artist who combines a sharp for solutions to the problems of hunger and South Africa. As it stands, the status of for­ wit with a keen insight into the human malnutrition. I hope that our national com­ eign workers envisioned in the Senate bill­ their rights and protections-does not meet condition. memoration of World Food Day will lead international norms and standards set by I hope that he will continue to make us millions of Americans to listen, read, and such organizations as the International laugh and make us think for many years to learn about hunger. More importantly, I Labor Organization. come. hope that it will encourage many to contact October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26147 domestic and international organizations grams. In fact, the bulk of these funds only scription of the use by the public of smoke­ that are working to solve the hunger prob­ go toward serving unemployed youths and less tobacco, an evaluation of the known lem, and form ongoing links to alleviate do not begin to cover the costs involved health effects of smokeless tobacco, and hunger and malnutrition in our time. with serving those unemployed individuals recommendations for legislation and ad­ over the age of 22. ministrative action. This report is similar This additional spending comes at a time to one required by the FTC in H.R. 2950. BUDGET DEFICIT STILL when Congress must take action on legisla­ REMAINS HIGH Today's legislation incorporates several tion to raise the public debt ceiling. The improvements over H.R. 2950 which were limit on the public debt presently starts at included in bills sponsored by Representa­ HON. FRED J. ECKERT $1,823.8 billion. The U.S. Department of the tive STRATTON and Representative COLLINS. OF NEW YORK Treasury said that this current limit was It includes a ban on radio and television IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES reached on September 30, 1985. The Secre­ advertisements and it contains provisions Thursday, October 3, 1985 tary of the Treasury, James Baker has said to promote public education on the health that the cash balance of the U.S. Treasury risks associated with smokeless tobacco Mr. ECKERT of New York. Mr. Speaker, will be totally exhausted on October 7, at first glance, it might appear to the use. 1985. Without Congressional approval to It also contains provisions that were not people of America that Congress is serious raise the debt limit ceiling-that is what about reducing this year's deficit and the included in any previous legislation. First, the Government borrows to pay its bills­ it allows the Federal Trade Commission to national debt. After all, the budget resolu­ the U.S. Government would begin to de­ revise the label statements to reflect the tion which Congress passed back in August fault on its obligations. current state of scientific knowledge about supposedly cuts the deficit for fiscal year Current projections indicate that Con­ 1986 by $55 billion. gress should raise this debt limit ceiling to the health consequences of smokeless to­ However, a closer scrutiny of recent ac­ over $2,078 billion just to meet the needs of bacco or to assure that the label statements tions of Congress reveals quite another Federal spending through September 30, more effectively disseminate information view. Not only is Congress continuing its 1986. With huge budget deficits and the about such consequences to the public. habit of spending more than it takes in, but threatening debt ceiling limitations facing Second, it requires that smokeless tobac­ it is also creating new budget authority for Congress, you would think that wasteful co product packages state the product in­ ways of spending money it does not have. and excessive spending that I have high­ gredients, including nicotine, pesticide resi­ For example, the President's original lighted above would be eagerly eliminated. dues, artificial flavor, color, preservatives, budget request had proposed to eliminate Not so. and other chemical additives used in the the costly and inefficient Job Corps Pro­ All of this spending adds to the national manufacturing of smokeless tobacco. gram which is being subsidized by the tax­ debt. A debt which must be raised under I believe these changes are improvements payers at an annual rate of over $600 mil­ the objection of the American people who over H.R. 2950, and I wholeheartedly en­ lion. Yet the House of Representatives has are ultimately responsible for picking up dorse this bill as a significant step toward recently passed the Labor and Health and the tab for the excessive spe.ading of Con­ educating the public on the known health Human Services appropriation bill for gress. dangers of smokeless tobacco use. fiscal year 1986 which requires continued At this point I would like to introduce in funding of the Job Corps at $640 million. the RECORD a partial summary of the med­ IT'S TIME TO LABEL SMOKELESS ical evidence of smokeless tobacco use: Remember, we are talking about a program TOBACCO which charges taxpayers over $15,000 per MEDICAL EVIDENCE ON SMOKELESS TOBACCO student per year to give basic job training USE skills to unemployed youth. This cost is HON. MIKE SYNAR Winn, Blot, Shy, et al, "Snuff dipping and more than double the annual cost for a full OF OKLAHOMA oral cancer among women in the southern year's tuition at most 4-year public univer­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES states," New England Journal of Medicine, sities. Thursday, October 3, 1985 1981.-This is the most definitive study on the long-term effects of smokeless tobacco In fiscal year 1985 alone, each one of the Mr. SYNAR. Mr. Speaker, I am happy to Job Corps' 40,500 slots will cost the taxpay­ use. The study found that women who had join the distinguished chairman of the Sub­ used tobacco snuff for a long period of time er over $15,000. This cost is expected to committee on Health and the Environment, were four times more likely to develop oral continue to increase to over $800 million in Mr. WAXMAN, in introducing the Smokeless cancer than non-users. For women who used 1988. Earlier this year the Office of Man­ Tobacco Health Risk Act. This bill is the snuff more than 50 years, the risk of cancer agement and Budget reported that only result of work between Mr. WAXMAN, of the cheek and gum increased fifty-fold. one-third of Job Corps participants become myself, and members of the health commu­ The researchers estimated that nearly 90 employed within 1 year after leaving the nity to fashion a bill that will effectively percent of the tumors which they observed program. Not only is this program exces­ in the study were related to snuff use. Study warn the public on the known dangers of controlled for age, education, employment, sive in its costs, but it also duplicates other smokeless tobacco use. and dietary habits. training programs, such as the Block Grant The warning labels required by this bill Christen, Arden, "The case against smoke­ Training Program under the Job Training are identical to those contained in H.R. less tobacco: Five facts for the health pro­ Partnership Act [JTPA]. Under the Block 2950, legislation I introduced in July: fessional to consider," Journal of the Ameri­ Grant Program, the cost per participant is Warning: This Product May Cause Mouth can Dental Association, 1980.-Christen, one-third that of the Job Corps. Cancer. chairman of the Department of Preventive The overspending of this appropriation Warning: This Product May Cause Gum Dentistry at the Indiana University Dental bill does not stop there. The bill also adds Disease and Tooth Loss. School, surveyed published literature be­ $100 million to the President's request for Warning: This Product Contains Nicotine tween 1915 and 1972 and found 646 cases of and is Addictive. oral cancer directly associated with dipping summer youth employment funds. This is a and tobacco chewing. program which had already been appropri­ In addition, the bill includes the same re­ Shafer, Hine, Levy, and Tomich, A Text­ ated over $724 million for 1986. In addition quirements as H.R. 2950 for print advertise­ book of Oral Pathology.-This is the author­ to the summer youth program, the Labor/ ments. These advertisements would be re­ itative textbook on oral pathology. It states HHS appropriation bill as passed by the quired to rotate the labels stated above, and that "carcinoma of the buccal mucosa devel­ House requires funding of the Work Incen­ carry them in a distinct circle and acrow ops in the area against which a person has tive Program [WIN] which was scheduled format which the Federal Trade Commis­ habitually carried a quid of chewing tobacco for years while the opposite cheek may be for a phaseout. So what you have here is sion has found to aid in message recall. Fi­ normal, the patient having never rested the total spending of approximately $2 bil­ nally, the bill calls for an annual report by tobacco there. Although this is only pre­ lion-50 percent more than the President the Secretary of Health and Human Serv­ sumptive evidence of a cause-and-effect rela­ requested-on only three of the Federal ices on the effect of health education ef­ tion, it has been recognized so frequently Government's many labor employment pro- forts on the use of smokeless tobacco, a de- that it appears to be more than a coinciden- 26148 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 tal finding. A special form of neoplasm whole or in part, for the oral cancer that College Hill for a phenomenal 54 years. known as 'verrucuous carcinoma' occurs has been reported in habitual users of However, we not only honor the length of almost exclusively in elderly patients with a snuff." Reverend Jones' service to the church, the history of tobacco chewing." The World Health Organization has re­ Rosenfeld & Callaway, "Snuff dipper's ported more than 100,000 new cases of oral community, and Greater Cincinnati, but cancer," American Journal of Surgery, cancer in Southeast Asia every year. It esti­ the quality of that service as well. In the <1963>.-Study found that 90 percent of the mates that 90 percent of the cancers were many years the reverend has worked and women with cancer in the cheek and gums, caused by chewing tobacco. At the WHO benefited Cincinnati, his contributions of where tobacco typically was placed, used November 1984 conference, the group con­ talent, leadership, and responsibility have snuff compared to 22 percent in women cluded that enough evidence is available to fostered significant and lasting improve­ with cancer in other parts of the mouth. say that the oral use of the type of snuff ment in the community. Dr. Jan-Michael Hirsch, Journal of Oral used in North America is carcinogenic to Reverend Jones was coordinator of the Pathology.-Hirsch exposed rats to snuff, humans. and, separately and in combination with The Centers for Disease Control has West College Hill Association; a member of snuff, to herpes simplex virus type 1 . They found that "the rats exposed to smokeless tobacco is clearly harmful . . . where he served as moderator for 3 years; a snuff alone or in combination with HSV had Available evidence shows that chronic, long­ member of the Ohio Baptist General Asso­ a higher incidence of tumors or tumor-like term use of smokeless tobacco, in close con­ ciation; a member of the National Baptist conditions than the control rats or rats ex­ tact with oral tissues, produces changes in Convention of U.S.A. Inc.; a member of the posed to HSV only." these tissues that could have serious conse­ Friedman, Klatsky, and Siegelaub, Hyper­ board of directors of the Better Housing quences, including oral cancer." League; chairman of the board of West tension <1982>, and Squires, Brandon, and The American Cancer Society estimates Zinkgraf, Preventive Medicine <1984>.-Both that use of smokeless tobacco doubles the College Hill; and was dean of the Cincin­ papers found elevated blood pressure levels risk of oral cancer over that of cigarette nati Baptist Bible College. in groups that used smokeless tobacco. smokers . and esophagus." Additional health community. This is only a portion of his points higher than those of male smokers effects include "increased blood pressure and nontobacco users in the same age and heart rate, bad breath, discolored teeth, work. Under his leadership, the senior citi­ group. The average use of smokeless tobacco gum disease and early tooth loss." <1983> zens home, First Baptist Terrace, was built. was found to be from two to five years. Jack E. Henningfield, PhD. of the Nation­ Reverend Jones has received awards Greer and Poulson, <1983>.-Researchers al Institute on Drug Abuse: "Recent studies, from many organizations including the found hyperkeratotic or erythroplakic le­ using currently accepted methods of evalua­ sions of the oral mucosa, gum inflammation, Urban League and the Office of Economic ing drugs for dependence potential, reveal Opportunity. and cervical erosion of the teeth. that nicotine, itself, is a prototypic depend­ Mehta, Pindborg, Hamner, et al, "Report This long and significant career began in ence producing drug. Any form of nicotine 1932 when Reverend Jones became pastor on investigations of oral cancer and precan­ should, therefore, be considered to have the cerous conditions in Indian rural popula­ potential to produce dependence until of the First Baptish Church, with a congre­ tions, 1966-1969," <1970>.-Researchers fol­ proven otherwise." gation of only 60 members. Today, under lowed 50,000 Indians for five years. They his leadership, that congregation has grown concluded that oral cancer and oral precan­ RESEARCH ON USAGE BY CHILDREN to almost 500 members. cerous lesions occurred Study in Oklahoma found that 22 percent almost solely among those who had tobacco of all 11th graders use snuff. Reverend Jones' service to our communi­ habits of one type or another. Those who U.S. Public Health Service Professional ty indicates that we all can make a differ­ chewed tobacco had cancer at rates twice as Association study found that among rural, ence and help improve our world by care, great as any other group. southern seventh and eighth grade males, dedication, and hard work. I thank the rev­ Jayant, Balak.rishnan and Sanghvi, 59 percent had tried smokeless tobacco, 37 erend for years of unselfish time and "Quantification of the role of smoking and percent used it regularly, and 63 percent re­ effort; his contributions have a resounding chewing tobacco in oral, pharyngeal, and oe­ ported adverse physical signs from its use. effect on our community. sophageal cancers," <1977>.-The authors The last finding was confirmed by a clinical calculated the relative risk of developing examination of a small random sample. The oral cancer for tobacco users. The Indian median age of first use was 9.1 years. THIS IS NO TIME TO UNDERCUT data suggest that the relative risk of devel­ A study in Texas found that 55 percent of THE PRESIDENT AT THE oping oral cancer is 2.82 for smokers and young users start before age 13. SUMMIT 5.98 for chewers. This research is similar to St~ey of 1,119 Colorado students by the American studies which have found tobacco Colorado University School of Dentistry chewers to have a risk of oral cancer twice found that 10 percent used snuff. Among HON. WM.S.BROOMFIELD that of smokers. users, researchers found abnormal growth OF MICHIGAN Tennekoon and Bartlett, "Effec,t oi betel of cells in the mouth lining, gum inflamma­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES chewing on the oral mucosa," <1969>.-Some tion and tooth erosion. researchers have argued that Indian studies A study in Eugene, Oregon, found that 9 Thursday, October 3, 1985 are inconclusive because chewing tobacco in percent of the seventh graders, 19 percent Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, this is India is often mixed with a variety of other of the ninth graders, and 23 percent of the substances, primarily the nut of the betel 10th graders were daily users of smokeless the time for Congress to stand squarely palm, betel leaf, and slaked lime. This study tobacco. behind the President as he prepares to meet found that none of these additives appear to with Soviet leader Gorbachev. Bickering have a carcinogenic effect. about arms policy and divisiveness on this MEDICAL EXPERTS AND ORGANIZATIONS ON PASTOR GIVES CINCINNATI 54 complex Issue can only serve to create the SMOKELESS TOBACCO YEARS OF THOUGHTFUL DEDI­ impression of American weakness at the Surgeon General Everett Koop: "We've CATION bargaining table. Why would any American known for years smokeless tobacco has car­ do anything to strengthen the Soviet hand cinogens that are causative relative to oral, HON.THOMASA~LUKEN in these upcoming talks? Only the Presi­ esophageal, and laryngeal cancer." dent speaks for our country and only he Dr. William Lijinsky, a world-leading au­ OF OHIO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES voices our Nation's policy on arms control. thority on nitrosamines, testified in Massa­ We should never make America's security a chusetts that " ... the results of animal ex­ Thursday, October 3, 1985 periments in which orally administered ni­ partisan issue. We must all stand together trosamines have given rise to tumors of the Mr. LUKEN. Mr. Speaker, in a few days, with him as he prepares for the Geneva upper gastrointestinal tract and the mouth my hometown of Cincinnati will com­ meeting. Cof animals] supports the statement that ni­ memorate Rev. Edward Jones, a pastor who I am pleased to see that Congress recent­ trosamines in snuff are responsible, in has served the First Baptist Church of West ly postponed action on House Joint Resolu- October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26149 tion 3, a bill to prevent nuclear explosive first step a way might be opened which Because of serious concerns about the na­ testing. The administration has substantive could ultimately lead to effective verifica­ tional security implications of a CTB in cur­ difficulties with the proposed legislation tion of underground nuclear tests. We still rent circumstances, including problems re­ which clearly undercuts the President. The hope that the Soviet Union will respond lated to verification, compliance, and deter­ resolution calls upon our Government to positively to this far-reaching US initiative. rence, the US has not resumed the trilateral As you will readily appreciate, however, the CTB talks since they recessed in 1980. In secure the ratification of the Threshold language of H.J. Res. 3 will neither correct the existing environment, the security of Test Ban Treaty [TTBT], the Peaceful Nu­ existing flaws nor provide any incentive for the United States and our allies depends on clear Explosions Treaty [PNET], and speci­ the Soviet Union to negotiate the necessary a credible US nuclear deterrent, and nuclear fies a resumption of negotiations toward a improvement to those treaties. testing plays an important role in ensuring Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty [CTB]. A CTB continues to be a long-term objec­ this deterrent. It is well known that our Government tive, to be achieved in the context of broad, The next 60 days will be an extremely cannot verify Soviet compliance with the deep, and verifiable arms reductions, sub­ critical period in our diplomacy with the TTBT and the PNET as they now stand. stantially improved verification capabilities, Soviet Union. The third round of NST talks has resumed in Geneva. The President will Our efforts to negotiate with the U.S.S.R. expanded confidence-building measures, and the maintenance of an effective deterrent. meet soon with Soviet Foreign Minister regarding verification improvements to The first step toward this goal-and the Shevardnadze and, subsequently, with Gen­ these two treaties were, unfortunately, re­ step to which the US has given priority-is eral Secretary Gorbachev. It is a period jected by the Soviets. the pursuit of equitable and verifiable arms when full Congressional support for Admin­ There are also verification problems with reductions in the current Geneva negotia­ istration arms control policy is essential for the CTB Treaty which have serious nation­ tions on nuclear and space arms with the succes.5 in our diplomatic efforts. al security implications. Our negotiators USSR. H.J. Res. 3 however creates the very situa­ have been working with the Soviets to We are now entering a critical period in tion we wish to avoid. We believe a poten­ bring about significant reductions in these our diplomacy with the Soviet Union. The tially fractious Congres.5ional debate on this third round of the nuclear and space talks resolution at this time would be most coun­ weapons of mass destruction before a Com­ terproductive. It would project an image of prehensive Test Ban Treaty is signed. in Geneva is just getting underway, the President will meet soon with Soviet For­ internal discord on arms control matters I want to share with my colleagues in the eign Minister Shevardnadze, and subse­ and provide the Soviets an opportunity for Congress a letter from Secretary of State quently with General Secretary Gorbachev exploiting domestic political debate on im­ George Shultz and a list of key points in in Geneva. During this period, it is essential portant arms control issues. opposition to House Joint Resolution 3. As that Congress and the Administration show The Administration appreciates the sub­ our Nation approaches these difficult and unity to the maximum extent possible, de­ stantial Congres.5ional support for the US complex talks, we must project an image of nying the Soviets any opportunity for ex­ negotiating objectives in Geneva. ploiting domestic political debate on impor­ House Joint Resolution 272 embodies unity and strength, not one of national dis­ many of the Administration's long-term cord on this vital issue. tant arms control issues. In this connection, I want to express the Administration's pro­ policies concerning arms control and nation­ THE SECRETARY OF STATE, cedural and substantive concerns about the al security, including meaningful, verifiable Washington, DC, Sept. 28, 1985. proposed debate of House Joint Resolution nuclear testing limitations. Hon. William S. Broomfield, 3, "To Prevent Nuclear Explosive Testing". Deterrence is at the center of US national House of Representatives. Due to our substantive problems with H.J. security policy. H.J. Res. 272 points out the DEAR BILL: The Administration has sub­ Res. 3, the Administration cannot support real necessity of continued nuclear testing stantive problems with both major recom­ its passage. Moreover, in light of the forego­ in order to ensure the viability of the US de­ mendations of H.J. Res. 3: to secure the rati­ ing considerations, we believe a potentially terrent. It further stres.5es that any test ban fication of the Threshold Test Ben Treaty fractious debate on this resolution at this must be verifiable and must be made in the CTTB'f) and its companion Peaceful Nuclear time would be most counterproductive. It context of deep and verifiable arms reduc­ Explosions Treaty , and to realize a would project an image of internal discord tions. resumption of negotiations toward a Com­ on arms control matters and thereby We must examine arms control measures prehensive Test Ban CCTB>. With respect to weaken the President's hand on the eve of objectively and seek resolution of the three the TTBT and PNET, our experience has his meeting with Gorbachev. specific questions so critical to their suc­ shown that we cannot effectively verify We ask that Congress continue its deliber­ cess-verification, compliance and reciproci­ Soviet compliance with the treaties as they ative process in ways which maintain and ty-so as to strengthen and encourage confi­ now stand. With respect to a CTB, there are strengthen our ability to pursue our dence and movement in offensive arms re­ serious verification problems, and national common goal-deep and verifiable reduc­ ductions. We believe this necessary ap­ security implications of proceeding now to tions in nuclear arms and reduction in the proach is present in H.J. Res. 272. negotiate a CTB. risk of nuclear war-in the responsible As the President stated in his 1985 report manner which we now have underway. to the Congress on Soviet non-compliance Sincerely yours, LOUIS FARRAKHAN: MERCHANT with arms control obligations, there are GEORGE P. SHULTZ. OF VENGEANCE large verification uncertainties and ambigu­ ities with respect to the TTBT and PNET. However, for a number of tests, the totality NUCLEAR TESTING-H.J. RES. 3 HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ of evidence indicates likely Soviet violation The Administration has substantive prob­ OF NEW YORK of the TTBT's 150 kiloton threshold. In ad­ lems with both major recommendat!ons of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dition, on a number of occasions, Soviet un­ H.J. Res. 3: ratification of the TTBT and re­ derground nuclear tests have vented to the sumption of negotiations toward a CTB. Thursday, October 3, 1985 atmosphere, and radioactive debris from Our priority goal is to enhance the means Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, in a few days, these tests has been detected beyond Soviet of verification of the Threshold Test Ban Rev. Louis Farrakhan will hold a rally at borders, in violation of the Limited Test Treaty and the Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Madison Square Garden in New York City. Ban Treaty. Treaty. The President's recent invitation to Once again, a man who has rightly been In an effort to improve US ability to mon­ Soviet experts to visit the US test site to itor Soviet compliance with the 150 kiloton measure the yield of a US nuclear test aims called the most dangerous anti-Semite in threshold of the TTBT, the US has sought to set in motion a process that could in­ America will have a highly visible forum to on several occasions to engage the USSR in crease confidence and cooperation between set forth his despicable views. discussions on verification improvements to our nations regarding limitations on nuclear Under our cherished Bill of Rights, not the TTBT and PNET. Unfortunately, the weapons testing. even the most detestable bigot can be Soviets rejected all of our approaches. As a A comprehensive test ban continues to be denied such a public platform. But if our demonstration of our seriousness, the Presi­ a long-term objective of Administration democratic system offers Louis Farrakhan dent unilaterally and unconditionally invit­ arms control policy, in the context of broad, an opportunity to spread his message of in­ ed Soviet experts to measure the yield of a deep and verifiable nuclear arms reductions, US nuclear test at the Nevada test site. The substantially improved verification capabili­ tolerance, it also summons the rest of us to Soviet experts were invited to bring any in­ ties, expanded confidence-building meas­ denounce this merchant of vengeance for strumentation devices the Soviet Union ures, and the maintenance of an effective his vilifications of the Jewish people. deems necessary to measure the yield of this deterrent. The verification of a test ban, For anyone doubting Louis Farrakhan's test. It is the President's hope that with this however, remains a major problem. evil intent, the revelations this week of his 26150 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 cooperation with an individual who is the sounds quite convincing. They label the It is worthwhile for those opposed to, or former head of the Ku Klux Klan in Cali­ United States as the great evil of the world merely interested in, totalitarianism to be fornia and the current leader of the White and call themselves peace-loving people reminded from time to time of just what it People's Political Association should prove who fight for the downtrodden. In the past is the West is up against in dealing with the particularly instructive. Louis Farrakhan few years, massive Soviet involvement in Soviet variety. If now and then someone un­ familiar with the nature of Soviet thought has entered into an astonishing alliance the European peace movement is one ex­ and action acquires an awareness of them with white supremacists. What has united ample of how effective their propaganda ef­ by means such as this publication. then so this self-professed advocate of black self­ forts can be. The Soviets and their allies much the better. help with the racist fringe of white Amer­ are past masters of clever techniques I have not dealt here with the serious ica? An abiding belief, indeed an all-con­ known as "active measures." problem for the West, especially the United suming passion, for anti-Semitism. His I want to share excerpts from an inter­ States, presented by Soviet espionage. hatred of the Jewish people has driven esting publication on these techniques Soviet intelligence collection per se is not Louis Farrakhan into the arms of some of which are designed by the Soviets to sub­ within the scope of this study. Nonetheless, vert, deceive, and disinform. Active meas­ like most other things the Soviets under­ the most bitter and implacable enemies of take, intelligence is not an end in itself but black advancement, individuals who are ures are both overt and covert and can in­ contributes to the realization of important the spiritual heirs of those who were lynch­ clude control of the media, written disin­ Soviet foreign policy goals. For example, ing black people in this country not so formation, use of front organizations, clan­ the theft of technology by the Soviet Union many years ago. destine radio broadcasting, economic ac­ is a particularly serious problem for the His protestations to the contrary, Louis tivities, military operations, and terrorism. West. Science and technology in the Soviet Farrakhan's anti-Semitic ravings have not These active measures are an adjunct to Union and their maintenance by imports been wrenched out of context. What possi­ traditional Soviet diplomacy. All in all, from abroad are inte­ they are effective instruments used against gral aspects of economic warfare which, in ble context can justify mocking the turn, promotes Soviet economic, military memory of the Holocaust or labeling Juda­ the West. and political objectives. ism a "gutter religion"? Traveling from city I am certain that many of my colleagues SOVIET ACTIVE MEASURES to city, Louis Farrakhan seeks to poison have heard about and read about some of the more classic cases of Soviet active "To the danger of espionage is added the public discourse. But we can find the active measures," as President Ronald antidote for his anti-Semitism if all of us measures which have been directed against Reagan has said, "designed to subvert and take offense and then take the offensive our country and our allies. Communist deceive, to 'disinform' the public opinion against him. strategy is quite clear about their future upon which our democracies are built." Louis Farrakhan may fancy himself a plans. They aim at replacing capitalism in A number of books and articles have been one-man wrecking crew of black-Jewish re­ the world with communism. In standard published recently on Soviet active meas­ lations. But the ties between our two com­ Communist ideology, struggle with the ures. Active measures are an integral part of munities cannot be severed by a single Western World is a given, and we in the Soviet diplomatic, political, economic and free world should not be surprised about military programs in every stage. They are a bigot. There are, to be sure, differences be­ part of Soviet doctrine, strategy and day-to­ tween blacks and Jews on a number of the goals of the Soviet Union in this day operations as they are a fundamental issues, just as there are differences within regard. part of Soviet foreign policy. the black and Jewish communities them­ With these thoughts in mind, I recom­ An interagency group of the Executive selves. But from the campaign for social mend that my colleagues read the first part Branch defined active measures as follows: justice in America, to support for the sur­ of "Active Measures, Quiet War and Two 1. The Soviets use the term active meas­ vival and security of Israel, to the actions Socialist Revolutions," by Lawrence B. ures primarily in we have taken against apartheid, black and Sulc. The second and third parts of the an intelligence context. Within that con­ text, the term is used to refer to active oper­ Jewish leaders have constructed a coalition Nathan Hale Institute publication will ations intended to provide a policy effect, as of conscience for human dignity and free­ appear in tomorrow's and the following distinct from espionage and counterintelli­ dom. Together we can withstand the assault day's RECORD. gence. But the Soviets do not limit the con­ on decency from Louis Farrakhan. Togeth­ ACTIVE MEASURES, QUIET WAR AND Two cept of active measures to intelligence er we can expose and condemn his racist SOCIALIST REVOLUTIONS alone. Active measures are an unconvention­ diatribes for what they are-a diversion PREFACE al adjunct to traditional diplomacy. They from solving the real problems in our This is not a product of original research. are quintessentially an offensive instrument country and an invitation to widespread in­ It was not meant to be. It is a modest compi­ of Soviet policy. Specifically, they are in­ tended to influence the policies of foreign tolerance and racial and religious bigotry. lation of some important points from other more detailed works concerning the nature governments, disrupt relations between Long after the venomous words of Louis other nations, undermine confidence in for­ Farrakhan have faded from Madison of the war the Soviet Union is waging against the West . its objectives in that war, and some opponents. Active measures, thus, consist of together, refuting his message, reinforcing of the means it is using to achieve its objec­ a wide range of activities, both overt and our mutual respect, reaffirming our sup­ tives. Among those means is the uniquely covert, including: port for an enlightened agenda in our plu­ Soviet phenomenon, active measures, a kind Manipulation or control of the media. ralist society. of quiet war, if you will. The subject of Written or oral disinformation. active measures has only fairly recently Use of foreign Communist parties and begun to be examined in detail in unclassi­ front organizations. SOVIET ACTIVE MEASURES: A fied sources. This study contains a brief Manipulation of mass organizations. summary of active measures contained in Clandestine radio broadcasting. THREAT TO THE FREE Economic activities. WORLD-PART 1 certain recent open sOl:rces; unfortunately, however, for lack of time and space, much Military operations. good material could not be dealt with. No Other political influence operations. HON. HENRY J. HYDE offense is intended toward those whose 2. The range of activities included under OF ILLINOIS work has not been mentioned. active measures is broader than that cov­ ered by the U.S. term covert action. In IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Soviet objectives in its self-appointed struggle with the West are not new. Like American parlance, overt activities, such as Thursday, October 3, 1985 Hitler in Mein Kampf, Lenin carefully officially sponsored propaganda, actions by accredited diplomatic and official represent­ Mr. HYDE. Mr. Speaker, the Soviets are spelled out his plans for everyone to read well over half a century ago. Non-commu­ atives, and activities of friendship and cul­ expert manipulators and wizards in decep­ tural societies, are automatically excluded tion. On many occasions, I have been nists, however, are often amazed when ex­ posed to Lenin's ideas for the first time and from the range of covert action. amazed at how well they and their allies even anti-communists are often surprised at SECRET POLITICAL ACTION have mastered the fine points of the propa­ Lenin's brazen candor. This candor inciden­ The purpose of secret political action, as ganda business. All too often, their aggres­ tally, is periodically candidly reaffirmed by in the case with overt propaganda, is to per­ sive hard sell and manipulation of the news ruling Soviet leaders. suade, manipulate, mislead, and deceive. October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26151 The two activities are closely related and sphere of central government a system of not renew his client's policy for liability in­ overt propaganda themes are often promot­ dual control: an appropriate department of surance. ed by covert means. Both overt and covert the Central Committee to co-ordinate intel­ About 20 other firms would not even active measures are directly related to ligence and to brief the Politburo, and in quote Crawford a price for the coverage he Soviet foreign policy objectives. While the general to exercise tutelage, if not author­ sought. Finally, he found two firms willing Soviets engage in a variety of secret oper­ ity, over the relevant ministry or govern­ to provide coverage-but only at sharply ations, to promote their foreign policy ob­ ment agency. The emergence in 1943 of the higher premiums. Fisher Gordon now pays jectives, special emphasis is placed on inter­ Foreign Affairs Department of the Central about $15,000 for $1 million in coverage. A national front organizations, agent-of-influ­ Committee was thus fully in accord with the year ago, that coverage was available for ence operations and forgeries. To under­ established pattern of Soviet political prac­ $3,500. stand what the United States is dealing tice. Crawford's predicament is far from with, it is essential to understand how "It seems therefore beyond dispute that unique. The medical malpractice "crisis" of Soviet foreign policy is made, how active the International Department is the ele­ escalating judgments and legal costs has measures fit in, and that the same people ment in the Soviet decision-making process spread to most other professions and busi­ devise both. It is necessary, also, to under­ which gathers information on foreign nesses that need liability insurance. The list stand the International Department. policy, briefs the Politburo, and thereby ex­ runs the spectrum of risk areas: doctors, THE INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT ercises, subject to the Politburo, decisive in­ lawyers, architects, engineers, accountants, In "A Study of the Intern:J.tional Depart­ fluence on Soviet foreign policy. In fact, stockbrokers, real estate agents, insurance ment of the CPSU: Key to Soviet Policy," Ponomarev stated the position quite accu­ agents, directors of corporations, nurse-mid­ Leonard Shapiro, professor of political sci­ rately when he said: 'All the fundamental wives, fishermen and fireworks makers, ence, London School of Economics and Po­ problems of foreign policy come under the states, municipalities, transit systems and litical Science, said: scrutiny of the Central Committee of the companies that remove toxic wastes. "One is, of course, used to these theories CPSU and its leadership where they are ex­ Not only have premiums risen anywhere of conflicting groups inside the Soviet hier­ amined and comprehensive decisions are from 50 percent to 500 percent in some lines archy, pulling in different directions. Jour­ taken-in the mainstream of the Leninist of liability insurance in the last year. but nalists love them and academics are not international strategy of the CPSU'." the availability of insurance has shrunk dra­ always immune from their fatal charm. It is, A UNIFIED FOREIGN POLICY matically. A few groups are going without however, alarming to find so erroneous a protection, according to insurance execu­ Shapiro sums up by saying, "that Soviet tives. notion of how the Soviet Union conducts its foreign policy, so far from being tom by foreign policy prevailing at what appears to party-state rivalry, is a unified, co-ordinated "You've seen tremendous rate increases in be the highest government level. At the the past, but you've always seen markets whole in which, after Brezhnev, the leading staying in there," said Stephen Gerstman, basis of this misconception, which could role belongs to the International Depart­ have serious consequences if it should president of INAPRO. the professional li­ ment of the Central Committee of the ability underwriters for the Cigna Corpora­ become current among those who are re­ CPSU, which attempts to bring into line sponsible for the conduct of United States both state foreign policy and the part which tion. This time, he added, "There's not foreign policy vis-a-vis the Soviet Union, lies foreign communist parties are expected to going to be a market for eveyone to get in­ the failure to understand the role played by play in the policy as a whole." surance" the International Department of the Cen­ The reason for the crunch is two-fold. In­ tral Committee of the Communist Party of surance executives primarily blame the ex­ the Soviet Union ." THE CRISIS IN LIABILITY INSUR­ plosion of litigation, and the growing tend­ In his study, Shapiro traces the evolution ANCE IS WIDESPREAD AND ency of courts to toughen standards of li­ of the International Department from the ability in favor of victims of malpractice or Foreign Affairs Department formed in the GROWING FAST malfeasance. Central Committee after the demise in 1943 A second factor is the volatile economics of the Comintern. In 1957, the Foreign De­ HON. JAMES J. FLORIO of the property and casualty insurance busi­ ness, which suffered its worst year ever in partment was divided into three depart­ OF NEW JERSEY ments, one for Relations with Communist 1984. Underwriting losses for the industry and Workers Parties of Socialist Countries, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES amounted to $21 million, outpacing invest­ controlling the bloc; a second for Cadres Thursday, October 3, 1985 ment income for the first time since 1906, Abroad, linked to the KGB, and responsible the year of the San Francisco fire. David for instructing overseas cells of the CPSU Mr. FLORIO. Mr. Speaker, a dangerous Seifer, who follows the industry for First and maintain­ trend has taken hold in the private market Boston Corp., said the industry suffered a ing a register of members of the CPSU over­ for commercial liability insurance. Insur­ $2.7 billion loss in all lines of general liabil­ seas, the latter being virtually an intelli­ ance buyers across the country are finding ity except medical malpractice. In non-medi­ gence function; and, finally, the core of the that liability coverage is either prohibitive­ cal lines, the industry lost about $1.47 for Foreign Affairs Department, the present ly expensive or totally unavailable for cer­ every dollar received in premiums, and re­ International Department. From the begin­ sults were even worse in medical malprac­ tain risks. tice lines. Seifer said. ning to this day, this department has been The trend is growing at an uncontrolla­ headed by Boris N. Ponomarev, a former To stem the red ink, insurance companies high official of the Comintern. ble rate, and severely limiting the availabil­ have resorted to a host of defensive meas­ ity of essential services ranging from child POWER AND PRESTIGE ures-Jacking up rates, cancelling business, care to hazardous waste cleanup. refusing to write certain policies and stiffen­ The ID is powerful and prestigious and On September 19, 1985, the Subcommittee ing the terms of their coverage. clearly more important than the other more The result of these measures has been a routine, technical departments of the Cen­ on Commerce, Transportation and Tourism held a hearing, thus marking the beginning significant, across-the-board contraction of tral Committee. It has considerable re­ the liability insurance market. sources of its own and can and does draw on cf a formal investigation into the high cost INAPRO, one of the largest writers of li­ those of other departments as well and the and scarcity of liability insurance. ability insurance in the country, said the fi­ research instltutes attached to the Soviet The following article descri!Jes the nancial beating it suffered forced it to scale Academy. It is responsible for, among other breadth of the problem and the fast pace at back its coverage by about half in the last things, publishing Problems of Peace and which it is growing. year. Gerstman said the company no longer Socialism, the English language edition of CFrom the Washington Post, Aug. 8, 19851 will write insurance for obstetricians. gyne­ which is called World Marxist Review, offi­ cologists and accountants, all professions cial Soviet ideological publication for for­ LIABILITY INSURANCE SKYRGCKETS­ that have been sued in increasing numbers. eign instruction. It also controls the interna­ LITIGATION, LoSSES PuT INDUSTRY IN CRUNCH The company has raised rates so dramati­ tional Soviet front organizations. cally in other lines, in some cases quadru­ A DECISIVE INFLUENCE William Crawford is the insurance agent pling prices, that some professionals have The International Department surpasses for Fisher, Gordon Architects, a district been forced to cancel their policies. in importance and authority the Ministry of firm that will do about $5 million in work The scene is similar elsewhere: Foreign Affairs, which, according to Sha­ this year and says it has never had any legal In the last year, about a dozen companies piro, "has no muscle whatever." Shapiro problems with a client. So Crawford was have dropped out of the market for archi­ goes on to say: more than a little surprised this spring tect insurance, leaving most architectural "It may be added that it is normal Soviet when he was informed by the Insurance firms with the choice of two or three com­ practice to maintain in every branch or Company of North America that it would panies, say industry officials. Peter Hawes, 26152 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 president of the Design Professional Insur­ the current problem as the insurance indus­ Yet others outside the industry say the ance Company, one of the few remaining try itself and the tremendously cyclical problem is more profound. David Austem, underwriters that insures architects, said business of providing property and casualty director of education at the American Trial that average rates have doubled in the last coverage. Lawyers Association, said the economy two years. "It is odd that the crisis seems only to last simply cannot support the interpretation of In New York, only one firm now writes li­ with the cycle," said J. Robert Hunt.er, the liability toward which the courts are head­ ability insurance for accountants, said an of­ former head of the Federal Insurance Ad­ ing. ficial with the state's Society for Certified ministration. In 1974 and 1975, when the " It is certainly the case that when you Public Accountants. A few years ago, there casualty-property industry last hit bottom, add up new individual legal entitlements. were about a half dozen. he said, there were similar cries of a "crisis" you can have a new social effect that was Premiums of the Big Eight accounting in medical malpractice insurance. But the not intended," added William Galston, the firms, which are insured by syndicates at real problem, Hunter said, lies with the former issues director for Walter Mondale, Lloyds of London, have risen an estimated "manic-depressive" nature of insurers. who now heads economics and social pro· 125 percent, while their maximum limits de­ At the top of the cycle they cut prices.... grams at the Roosevelt Center for American clined from $200 million to $150 million in Hunter testified before Congress last week. Policy Studies. the last year, said Donald J . Schneeman, an "At the bottom they cancel everyone, even "Not every victim oi everything that goes official with the American Institute of Cer­ businesses that never once had a claim, just wrong can be compensated one hundred tified Public Accountants. because of the fear they feel of any possible percent," Austern said. "There's not enough Up until a few months ago, policies for risk." Hunter now heads the National Insur­ money out there." large law firms were written by five major ance Consumer Organization. In a similar vein, Richard K. Willard, carriers. One has since withdrawn from the Industry officials don't entirely disagree acting assistant attorney general in charge market, and two have imposed rate in­ with his assessment. They acknowledge that of the Justice Department's civil division, creases of up to several hundred percent, ac­ the market is contracting following an un­ recently told the American Chamber of cording to figures compiled by the Attor­ usually long "soft" period that was ushered Commerce that the current explosion of neys' Liability Assurance Society Ltd., an in with the high interest rates of the late tort litigation in the courts threatens to se­ underwriter which soon expects to raise its 1970s. verely damage the economy. rates by about 50 percent. Sharp competition among companies "The use of new theories of liability and Five western states were recently told that drove prices down, often to imprudently low 'damage' awards unrelated to any harm the they would lose their liability coverage, as prices, according to insurance executives. In­ defendant has done to the plaintiff poses a were about two-thirds of the nation's 2,500 surers were willing to slash prices because fundamental question," Willard said in a practicing nurse-midwives. And several oper­ they expected to win back any money lost in speech delivered June 27. "Will decisions ators of local child care facilities told a con­ premiums by investing their money at high about allocation of resources be made by gressional committee last month that they interest rates. When rates fell during the past several years, however, companies did the market, with legislative corrections would close their doors this year because where there is a societal consensus? Or will their liability insurance policies were can­ not have enough money to pay the claims they be made by a largely unelected judici­ celed. that started to roll in. ary imposing its risk preferences on the rest It is now virtually impossible for any con­ "The business looks lucrative at any point of society." tractor or engineer to find insurance for in time," said Frank Patalana, vice president hazardous-waste cleanup or asbestos remov­ of CNA, a Chicago-based underwriter of li­ al. Insurance companies simply are not will­ ability insurance. But, he added, many of THE 13TH ANNIVERSARY OF ing to touch those fields until questions are the companies that jumped into the game in resolved about the extent of contractor li­ the late 1970s didn't reserve enough money THE ABM TREATY ability and the liabilities imposed by federal for future losses. Superfund legislation. The market has also dried up in certain HON.ROBERTK.DORNAN The cumulative effect of these cutbacks areas of coverage because of the risk ratios could have a deleterious effect on social wel­ that state insurance agencies require com­ OF CALIFORNIA fare, professionals say. Doctors and lawyers panies to maintain to make sure claims can IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES openly speak of turning away patients or cli­ be paid off. Thursday, October 3, 1985 ents because of the fear that they might be The rule of thumb is that the ratio of pre­ sued. Architects say that some firms will be miums written ought not to exceed a compa­ Mr. DORNAN of California. Mr. Speaker, less willing to tackle difficult projects under ny's surplus funds by more than 3 to 1. today is the 13th anniversary of the ABM the current litigious climate. With surpluses driven down by losses, Treaty. I feel it is an opportune time to dis­ As for citizens who have been harmed by however, companies are constrained in the cuss the inadequacies of the SALT process negligence or malpractice, they could have amount of premiums they are allowed to that led to the ABM Treaty, encouraged nowhere to tum for recompense if their write. Soviet noncompliance and current Soviet doctor, lawyer or architect is without insur­ Insurance executives say the ultimate so­ ance, as executives say is increasingly the lution is legislative reform of the legal proc­ strategic defense programs. case. ess that produces the costly, often crippling The ABM Treaty is hailed by the liberal The problem has even prompted congres­ lawsuits. arms control establishment as the "jewel" sional concern. Rep. James J. Florio . chairman of a House commerce and reason than the fact that the commercial sured destruction. It is this immoral theory energy subcommittee with jurisdiction over insurance industry is not going to reduce that implies "America held hostage" is the the industry, said Friday he was planning to itself to a social agency," said Albert Salva­ best way to defend against Soviet aggres­ hold hearings to investigate. He said he was tico, managing director of the insurance worried about a "pattern in which insurance brokerage firm of Marsh & McLellan Inc. sion. It is this antiquated treaty of a companies don't have an interest in insuring This kind of tough talk worries critics of bygone era that is becoming the greatest anymore." the industry, who feel that the tort system obstacle to the development of a compre­ As the insurance industry sees it, the basic has provided the last means of defense for hensive strategic defense for the United cause for the crunch is the rise of litigation citizens against professional malfeasance. States. and punitive awards in the courts. The prob­ "I don't think policy makers should The Soviet Union has never abandoned lem, executives say, is that the unpredict­ change tort law under this kind of pres­ its effort to defend against ballistic mis­ ability of the courts has made it impossible sure," said NICO's Hunter. to maintain a rate structure that is ade­ 'The guy in the least position to lobby is siles. The Kremlin leaders have used the quate to pay for future losses. the guy who's going to be the victim. Let's inter regnum between the signing of the "Because of the out-of-control-tort not deny the ultimate hammer to the little ABM Treaty in May 1972 and the present to system, insurance companies have found guy." continue to research, develop, test, and they cannot price the product," said Gerald Hunter said the first priority of lawmak­ deploy ABM systems in direct violation of Lewinsohn, an industry analyst with Merrill ers ought to be to figure out how to smooth the ratified agreement. In addition, Soviet Lynch. Jerry Thompson, an underwriting out the economic cycle in the insurance in­ efforts in anti tactical missile defense, sur­ officer at St. Paul's Fire and Marine Insur­ dustry. face-to-air missiles, antisatellite lasers and ance Company, said the insurance problem He suggested that Congress grant power is a "direct manifestation of the claims to federal agencies to offer reinsurance, an space-based lasers have circumvented the being made against the professions." approach that he said kept insurers in the original provisions and intent of the ABM But some industry analysts say the coun­ inner cities during the riots of the late Treaty. The result is that while the United try's tort system is not so much to blame for 1960s. States has scrupulously adhered to its part October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26153 of the treaty, the Soviet Union has stead­ latest national intelligence estimate [NIE] larly those regarded as most destabilizing, fastly moved forward. Unfortunately, it is an unequivocal judgment indicating a especially the huge Soviet SS-9 ICBM's. wasn't until the past few years that the dangerously worsening state of imbalance In order to achieve these goals the extent of the Soviet programs became between the strategic and tactical nuclear United States was willing to forgo strategic known. forces-offensive and defensive-of the superiority that President Kennedy swore For almost two decades the American United States and the Soviet Union with or to maintain and averred was necessary to public has been told an arms race is under­ without SALT constraints. The quest for maintain world peace. We became willing way between the United States and the Soviet military supremacy can no longer be to abandon the posture that our strategic Scviet Union. The MAD-capped arms con­ in doubt. planning had rested and accept a position trol establishment first told the American We never seriously moved to deploy an of parity with the Soviet Union. public the rationale behind the Soviet active missile defense. We dismantled our The Soviet Union has sought and contin­ buildup was to catch up to the United only operational ABM site allowed by the ues to seek military superiority. SALT has States. Then we were told they were only ABM Treaty in 1976. Research and develop­ done nothing to arrest this process, or even trying to maintain parity with the United ment allowed under the treaty was leisurely slow down Soviet strategic programs once States. President Johnson's Secretary of and without direction. To illustrate this under way. If anything the opposite is true. Defense · Robert Strange McNamara, the point, at the time the ABM Treaty was While the United States limited, curtailed, principal designer of MAD, predicted in signed over 50 percent of our national lab­ and even cut strategic programs to stay 1967 that once the Soviet leadership oratories budget was devoted to ABM re­ within our interpretation of SALT, the reached a position of parity with the search and development. Less than 1 year Soviet Union relentlessly pressed forward United States both sides would feel secure. later only 1 percent was directed toward with one new generation of systems after He directed that all modernization of our ABM. The Soviet Union, however, began to another until they not only surpassed us in strategic forces be halted at current- research, develop, test, and deploy in ear­ total aggregate numbers of deployed-and 1967-projected levels. nest as we moved in the opposite direction. just as important stockpiled-strategic sys­ The most glaring problem of MAD is that Soviet emphasis on achieving superiority tems, but in technology as well. the Soviet Union never subscribed to it. was evident even while we negotiated SALT SALT merely codified Soviet programs. After all, how mutual is a deterrence I and the ABM Treaty. Secretary of De­ theory when one side refuses to play along? There is little empirical evidence to show fense Laird, in his fiscal year 1971 report to the Soviets ever intended to go much The United States in November 1969 began Congress, stated. serious arms control negotiations with the beyond the ceilings that capped Soviet and As we reduce our defense spending and U.S. launchers. The projections of unlimit­ Soviet Union. The original goal of SALT move further into negotiations, we should was to limit offensive nuclear forces and have no illusions about the current state of ed Soviet growth in strategic weapons couple defensive arms limitations directly world affairs. I am obliged to report to you, were-and remain-Western propaganda to to limits on offensive weapons--especially for example, that the Soviet Union is not sell poor agreements. those offensive weapons with the capability making similar reductions in its defense The Soviets were fully aware that U.S. of­ of achieving a disarming first strike. budget. In fact, the Soviet Union is pulling fensive forces had been programmed years abreast of us in many areas of military before and if fact, by 1967, had attained The agreement was reached in May 1972, strength and ahead of us in others. The So­ ratified by the U.S. Senate on September programmed levels. There were no plans to viets are continuing the rapid deployment increase strategic forces and, with a recal­ 30, 1972, and entered into force on October of major strategic offensive weapons sys­ 3, 1972. SALT was hailed as the first step in tems at a rate that could, by the mid-1970's, citrant Congress, no hope to threaten any achieving a meaningful cap on nuclear place us in a second rate strategic position increase as a negotiating tool. weapons proliferation between the two su­ with regard to future security of the free By any objective standard SALT has perpowers. world. been a failure. The issue of Soviet noncom­ Since 1967 the United States has unilater­ During the SALT I debate only four Sen­ pliance with the ABM Treaty is merely the ally dismantled over one-third of its war­ ators and a handful of Representatives tip of the iceberg. The Soviet Union has a heads and half of its total megatonnage in came out against the treaty. They were not very poor record in compliance with inter­ its nuclear arsenal. We have unilaterally convinced by the administration's argu­ national agreements and treaties; they have dismantled over 1,000 medium-range, nucle­ ments, nor the euphoria of the MAD­ an excellent record with getting away with ar capable bombers, over 300 long-range capped fear merchants, that the inequality their breaches, circumventions, and out­ bombers, canceled at least two follow-on inherent in the agreements was acceptable right violations. President Reagan is not bombers and curtailed yet another bomber because the United States maintained qual­ the first U.S. President to take issue with program-the B-1. The first B-lB was only itative advantages, that it would moderate Soviet noncompliance. At least five times delivered to the Air Force on June 29, 1985. Soviet programs and lead to better and since the end of World War II, the U.S. We have not deployed a new interconti­ more equal agreements. They were correct Government has conducted a study of nental ballistic missile [ICBM] system since in their pessimism. As we have seen the Soviet violations of international agree­ the early 1970's and have retired nearly all Soviet programs continued to increase ments. In 1954, 1959, 1961, and again in 54 of our largest land-based missiles, the during the so-called era of detente; SALT II 1968 congressional studies determined over Titan II. We have removed over 2,000 war­ was an even worse strategic disaster; and, 50 such violations and over three dozen in­ heads from Europe. We have only begun to the qualitative U.S. advantages have been stances of circumventions. In 1961 and modernize our theater nuclear forces. The lost. The entire arms control process has 1963, the Kennedy administration reached process that will take until 1989 to com­ contributed to a lessening of American se­ similar conclusions. plete and will account only for 572 war­ curity, increase in U.S. vulnerability, inac­ Even if we disregard the Soviet violations heads on 224 launchers as compared to the tion, and a potential for crisis instability. of the first 50 years of communism, the 1,323 warheads on 441 SS-20 launchers de­ Rather than complement national security, seedy record of Soviet compliance during ployed today by the Soviet Union. arms control has replaced national security the SALT era corroborates, not vindicates, We have dismantled all of our Polaris in the minds of many. the Communist leaden in Moscow. The submarines, and have begun to dismantle The original United States intention and Soviet leadership negotiate treaties and our Poseidon submarines in compliance object of the SALT process was to reach agreements when the objective circum­ with a SALT II agreement that we have yet long-term agreements which would limit stances surrounding the negotiations to ratify. The new Trident submarines are strategic offensive and defensive arms in appear to them to be favorable. They do just coming on line, but will not numerical­ such a manner that would enhance strate­ not allow extraneous events to distract ly replace the Poseidons that are leaving gic stability while lessening the need for them. The tenets set forth by Lenin and the fleet. future arms programs. It was believed stra­ Stalin still hold. After 4 years of President Reagan's at­ tegic arms control would reduce future In war never tie your hands with consider­ tempt to modernize our strategic posture, threats to our deterrent while moderating ations of formality. It is ridiculous not to the situation continues to deteriorate. The the arms programs of both sides, particu- know the history of war, not to know that a 26154 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 treaty is the means of gaining strength . . . Soviets are in compliance with existing contribute to world peace, it is essential The history of war shows as clearly as clear strategic arms control treaties, the ad­ that all parties cc-mply with existing agree­ can be that the signing of a treaty after vanced technical bomber is in production defeat is a means of gaining strength.­ ments and show a willingness to comply or the original programmed 244 aircraft is with their treaty obligations. If the Soviet A diplomat's words must have no relation reached. Union truly wants a successful summit and to action-otherwise what kind of diplomacy Just prior to the outbreak of World War desires to establish better relations with the is it? Words are one thing, actions another. II, Winston Churchill declared "the worst United States then, there is absolutely Good words are a mask for the concealment crime is not to tell the public the truth." I nothing more vital to world security than of bad deeds. Sincere diplomacy is no more consider full congressional ancl public un­ ensuring compliance. Especially on this the possible than dry water or iron wood.­ derstanding of the true state of the strate­ eve of the 13th anniversary of the ABM gic imbalance an essential ingredient for Treaty-the flawed jewel of arms control. I could go on at length and quote Khru­ the long-term survival of democracy. I shchev, Brezhnev, Andropov, and even Gor­ agree with my Democratic colleague, the bachev. The result would be the same. The recently deceased, well respected Senator IN SUPPORT OF H.R. 3510, ON Soviet leadership does not believe in good from Washington, Scoop Jackson, when he THE RISKS OF SMOKELESS TO­ faith actions, or unilaterally ·giving up an described U.S. reaction to past Soviet viola­ BACCO advantage. They live by the maxim, "What tions. He said, is mine, stays mine; what is yours is nego­ To counter the dangerous shift in the HON.SAMUELS.STRAliON tiable." The agreements that they have strategic balance we require first a forth­ OF NEW YORK signed bind their opponents to specific right and unvarnished assessment of some IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wording while allowing them to exploit unpalatable military and political facts. cleverly worded loopholes which allow Caught in all the current cross fire about Thursday, October 3, 1985 them the flexibility to continue their mili­ hawks and doves to many politicians are ac­ Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker, I am de­ tary and political priorities. quiring the protection habits of the ostrich. lighted to go on record today in support of SALT has codified, not limited, Soviet If we do not avail ourselves of the infor­ H.R. 3510, the "Comprehensive Smokeless programs. The Soviets have continued their mation provided by our own intelligence Tobacco Health Risk Education Act," strategic modernization programs unfet­ sources then we are derelict in our public which incorporates my proposal to ban the tered by arms control restraints. The duty. If we continue to allow the MAD­ advertising of smokeless tobacco on televi­ United States, on the other hand, has taken capped fear merchants to dominate the sion and radio. I also want to thank Mr. no action to undercut existing arms control debate and prevent the modernizaiton of WAXMAN for his leadership in holding agreements, including the fatally flawed our strategic deterrent and the develot1- hearings on the risks of smokeless tobacco, SALT II agreement. (See the President's ment of an effective strategic defense, we as well as Mr. SYNAR and Mrs. COLLINS June 10, 1985, SALT compliance report to may forfeit on the peace and security we whose proposals on labeling and education the Congress printed below.) How could all seek for our children and our children's have also been included in this comprehen­ we? Even if the President decided it was in children. That is why I initiated a congres­ sive bill. our best national security interest to cir­ sional letter to the President's National Se­ The need for this legislation is clear. The cumvent or violate a treaty, even for a curity Adviser, Robert McFarlane, to re­ National Centers for Disease Control has short time, he would be prevented from quest the Speaker of the House, to allow estimated that as many as 22 million Amer­ doing so by his own lawyers at Defense and the administration to brief Congress on icans use smokeless tobacco. While ciga­ State. Our form of govenment has too Soviet strategic defense programs and laser rette smoking is reported to have declined many watchdogs rather than corporate developments befor€: the summit in Novem­ slightly among teenagers, the use of smoke­ counsels. ber. This briefing on Soviet strategic de­ less tobacco products more than doubled The patterns of the past have been exa­ fense programs will be presented to Con­ bet-:1een 1970 and 19'79, and is increasing cerbated during the past few years. Presi­ gress on October 10, 1985. I believe Con­ almost 10 percent per year since then. This dent Reagan has released three reports out­ gress can better support the President if we indicates a serious and costly health risk to lining the growing number of outright vio­ have a firm understanding of exactly what our population, one that is being aided and lations of existing treaties, agreements, and the Soviet Union is up to. abetted by attractive advertising by the to­ unilateral commitments made by our nego­ The euphoria surrounding the summit is bacco industry. tiating partner the Soviet Union. Looking premature. The western press is once again Unlike cigarette advertising, advertising back, with 20/20 hindsight, the Soviet enamored over a Soviet leader and afford­ of smokeless tobacco products has never Union negotiated with one eye to circum­ ing him the opportunity to spreed Soviet been prohibited. Consequently, the tobacco vention or outright break out of agree­ disinformation and seH his agenda to the industry has turned its considerable tal­ ments. They have constantly and consis­ American and European public. Gorba­ ents, resources and moneys into the un­ tantly tested the U.S. reaction to their ac­ chev's sole goal is to take the initiative, and regulated areas of smokeless tobacco, and tions. We have failed to react and respond the strategic defense initiative, away from to great advantage. From what I've seen in each and every case. The Special Con­ the President. and read, these TV ads are pretty seductive: sultative Commission, set up in SALT, to The President must reestablish the initia­ big, healthy-looking athletes or country handle questions of compliance has been a tive, and win the support of the majority of western singers, heroes to young people, dismal failure. us in Congress as well. I believe that the are extolling the virtues of chewing tobacco U.S. responses are necessary to impress first item on the summit agenda should be and snuff. The names of the products are upon the Soviet Union that we will no human rights. Jewish immigration should attractive: Copenhagen, Skoal, Red Man, longer go the extra mile to explain away be at the top of that long list. We need to even "Happy Days," which conjures up Soviet actions. If the Soviet Union truly de­ refocus attention on Soviet disregard for images of the Fonz. And they are also sires arms control agreements with the the basic rights that we have enshrined in given rather benign, even healthful-sound­ United States they will clear the air, once our Constitution. ing flavors such as "strawberry" or "mint." and for all, of the stench of noncompliance, Although there are those who would One company also used the very misleading or we will take proportionate responses to prefer the agenda to focus solely on arms slogan, "Take a pouch instead of a puff," the violations. control issues, humans rights can set the implying that smokeless tobacco is less There are a number of response we can stage for more meaningful talks on the cru­ harmful than cigarettes. In addition, free take. One such action is to continue to cial issue of per:.ce between the superpow­ samples of snuff and chewing tobacco are modernize our strategic deterrent. That is ers. Compliance, or rather Soviet noncom­ often distributed to y'lung people. This is why yesterday I introduced, into the House pliance with past treaty obligations should an e.asy way to get children "hooked" be­ of Representatives, H.R. 3490, a bill that be the very foundation and sine qua non of cause the product contains nicotine, which would prohibit the closure of the B-1 pro­ all future talks with Communists. If arms is addictive. Teenagers are very vulnerable duction line until the President certifies the reductions are to have any meaning and to all these appeals, and such powerful pro- October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26155 motion of an unhealthful product should Surveys conducted in the State of Texas The Congress must take similar action be discouraged. discovered that 88 percent of the users of with smokeless tobacco. We cannot afford The Congress, in 1970 and 1973, deter­ smokeless tobacco began before the age of to be complacent or tolerant of a product mined that the power of radio and televi­ 15. In Oklahoma 21.7 percent of fifth grad­ which has the potential of such great harm. sion was too strong to allow cigarettes to ers and 39.3 percent of 11 graders use We cannot wait 20 years and allow smoke­ be promoted on the airwaves and banned smokeless tobacco. These figures contrast less tobacco to establish itself as a deadly the advertising of cigarettes and little sharply with the significantly lower inci­ rival to cigarette smoking. If the Federal cigars on those media. I believe the same is cence of smoking among these same age Government is to exercise its responsibility true for smokeless tobacco. H.R. 3510 groups. to protect the public health, its action would extend the ban to smokeless tobacco Unlike other drugs of abuse, smokeless should be decisive and comprehensive. products. I believe it is directly in line with tobacco is freely available in most conven­ H.R. 3510 seeks to make the public aware the intent of Congress back in 1970 with ience stores and supermarkets. Often it is of the adverse health consequences of this the "Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act." sold right next to chewing gum and candy. product through education. The bill com­ In fact, it would close the final loophole in It is little surprise that increasingly large bines the display of three health warning that legislation. numbers of young people are responding to labels on smokeless tobacco packages and Therefore, in view of the alarming trend the allure of advertising and putting a advertising with the development of Feder­ toward use of smokeless tobacco, which is pinch of tobacco snuff between their cheek al and State educational activities and a encouraged by very attractive advertising and gum. prohibition on TV and radio advertising. campaigns on the powerful media of televi­ The efforts by manufacturers to promote The warning labels state the following: sion and radio, I would urge my colleagues the sale of smokeless tobacco to youth are First. WARNING: This product may to support H.R. 3510. aggressive and sophisticated. Through the cause mouth cancer. use of television, the tobacco industry has Second. WARNING: This product may HEALTH RISKS OF SMOKELESS successfully opened up our secondary cause gum disease and tooth loss. TOBACCO schools as a major growth market for Third. WARNING: This product contains smokeless tobacco products. nicotine and may be addictive. HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN Mr. Speaker, smokeless tobacco is not a The legislation further provides that the safe alternative to cigarettes. It is not an­ label statements may be periodically re­ OF CALIFORNIA vised by the Federal Trade Commission to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES other version of bubble gum. Smokeless tobacco is a dangerous prod­ reflect evolution in scientific knowledge Thursday, October 3, 1985 uct. If smokeless tobacco were classified as and to assure that the label statements ef­ Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, on behalf of a drug or a food, the FDA would not fectively disseminate this information to Mr. SYNAR, Mrs. COLLINS, Mr. WHITrA­ permit its sale. If it were classified as a the public. KER, Mr. NIELSON, Mr. STRATrON, and consumer product, the Consumer Product In addition, the legislation requires in­ myself, I am pleased to announce the intro­ Safety Commission could ban its use. If it gredients in smokeless tobacco to be dis­ closed on the package. If they know about duction of H.R. 3510, the "Comprehensive were a controlled substance, the Drug En­ ingredients like nicotine, the public could Smokelet:s Tobacco Health Risk Education forcement Administration would be bound make more informed choices about smoke­ Act." The legislation addresses a growing to place it under controls reserved for the less tobacco use. Disclosure would foster public health problem presented by a prod­ most dangerous drugs of abuse. uct known to cause oral cancer and a wide competition among manufacturers to Like cigarettes, smokeless tobacco enjoys reduce or eliminate potentially harmful ad­ range of serious mouth diseases. a unique position in our marketplace. It is Legislation is urgently needed to slow ditives or byproducts that may increase the currently exempt from the minimum Fed­ already high health risk of this product. down the number of young people who are eral health and safety safeguards to which becoming addicted to a product that will Finally, the legislation authorizes the other food, drug or consumer p.::-oducts Secretary of Health and Human Services to seriously injure their health. The legisla­ must adhere. Unlike fruits and vegetables, tion has the support of the Nation's most work closely with S~tes in the develop­ it may contain dangerous residues of pesti­ ment of educational programs and public prestigious public health organizations, in­ cides used in growing tobacco. Unlike cluding the American Cancer Society, the service announcements to complement the bacon or beer, it may contain unlimited American Dental Association, the Ameri­ new health warnings. These efforts are es­ concentrations of nitrosamines, a well es­ can Heart Association, and the American pecially critical at the primary and second­ tablished and potent cancer-causing sub­ Lung Association. ary school levels where the pressure to On July 26, 1985, the Subcommittee on stance. begin smokeless tobacco use is so strong. Health and the Environment conducted a Smokeless tobacco also contains a toxic The legislation calls upon the Secretary to hearing on the health effects of smokeless and highly addictive drug called nicotine. encourage and assist States in establishing tobacco. The hearing documented an When marketed as a pharmaceutical prod­ 21 as the minimum age for the purchase of alarming increase in the use of this product uct to help smokers quit, nicotine is avail­ smokeless tobacco. by young people. Scientists representing able only by a doctor's prescription. When Mr. Speaker, I ask that a copy of an arti­ the National Cancer Institute, the Ameri­ sold in the form of smokeless tobacco, it is cle entitled "Sean Marsee's Smokeless can Dental Association and the American available at most corner groceries or super­ Death," from the October 1985 issue of Cancer Society testified to the fact that markets. Reader's Digest, be printed in the RECORD these products can cause life-threatening A product this dangerous and addictive at this point. I urge Members to read the diseases of the mouth and oral cavity. shouldn't be advertised on television and article carefully and then join in cospon­ We also heard chilling testimony from certainly shouldn't be sold or promoted to soring this much needed legislation. the mother of a young high school track our children. The article follows: star. Betty Anne Marsee told of her son's It is no accident that the increased use of CA Reader's Digest Reprint] courageous struggle against mouth cancer smokeless tobacco among young people has closely paralleled unprecedented increases SEAN MARSEE'S SMOKELESS DEATH caused by his addiction to smokeless tobac­ co. Until Sean Marsee's cancer was diag­ in advertising-particularly on television. nosed, he, like many young people today, In 1970 the Congress recognized the pow­ advertised on television and sold without a radio advertising of "little cigars" were also The angry red spot with its hard core was health warning. banned. In 1984, the Congress required the the size of a half-dollar. It belonged, The increased use of this product in our display !)f multiple health warnings on cig­ thought Dr. Carl Hook, in the mouth of a primary and secondary schools is alarming. arette packages and advertising. 75-year-old who had been dipping snuff 26156 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1985 ·since the age of three, not on the tongue of Then, dimly, she heard him say, "Not the thing to share with young athletes "later." the high-school boy who sat across from jawbone. Don't take the Jawbone." Sean wrote two brief messages. One was a him. "I'm sorry, Sean," said the Ada, Okla., "Okay, Sean," Dr. Hook said softly. "But simple declaration of Christian faith. The throat specialist. "It doesn't look good. the rest; that's the least we should do." other was a plea: Don't dip snu.tf. We'll have to do a biopsy." On June 20 Sean underwent a second op­ Early on February 25, 1984, Sean smiled a Sean Marsee was stunned. He didn't eration, which lasted eight hours. That tired smile at his sister Marian and flashed smoke or drink. You couldn't and win 28 same month 150 students and teachers at an index finger skyward. An hour later he medals running anchor leg on the 400-meter Talihina High assembled to honor their died. relay. A tapered five-foot-five, 130 pounds, most outstanding athlete. Sean could not be Sean had always taken excellent care of his there to receive his award. TIME BOMB IN THE MOUTH body: watching his diet, lifting weights, run­ Coach Brigance and his assistant came to Last February, Betty Marsee was among ning five miles a day six months of the year. the Marsee trailer home to present him 54 witnesses who testified at a Massachu­ Now this. How could it be? True, he was with the walnut plaque. They tried not to setts Public Health Department hearing on never without a dip. He used up a can of stare at the huge scar that ran like a rail­ whether to label snuff a hazardous sub­ snuff, a type of smokeless tobacco, every road track from their star performer's ear­ stance. The Marsees had determined to tell day and a half, holding it in his mouth to lobe to his breastbone. Smiling crookedly Sean's story: "If we didn't speak out, noth­ get a nicotine jolt without smoking. It was out of the other side of his mouth, Sean ing was going to get better." ·popular among high-school athletes who thanked them. Scientists testified that the connection be­ didn't want to break training. "But I didn't LAST I.AP tween snuff and oral cancer, the nation's know snuff could be that bad for you,'' Sean Miraculously, Sean snapped back. When seventh leading cause of cancer death, said. "No warning label or anything. And all Dr. Hook saw him that August, he showed cannot be questioned. The culprit: highly those ads on TV.... " no trace of his ordeal except the white inci­ potent cancer-causing compounds called ni­ A MIND OF HIS OWN sion scar. Five weeks of radiation therapy trosamines, one of which forms in the mouth through the chemical interaction of Eighteen-year-old Sean had been secretly were behind him. Sean greeted his doctor with enthusiasm, plainly happy to be alive. saliva and tobacco. According to Stephen using "smokeless"-chewing tobacco briefly, Hecht, an organic chemist with the Ameri­ then snuff-since he was 12. His mother, He really believes his superb physical con­ Betty, a registered nurse, had hit the roof dition is going to lick it, Carl Hook thought, can Health Foundation, a dip of snuff deliv­ when she found out. Didn't he know tobac­ driving home. Let's hope he's going to win ers roughly the same amount of nicotine as co was hazardous, smoke or no smoke? this race too. a cigarette and ten times the nitrosamines. Sean refused to believe her. Would sports But in October Sean started having head­ There are now 6 million to 10 million con­ aches. A CAT scan showed twin tentacles of sumers of snuff, and sales are rising 8 per­ stars sell snuff on TV if it hurt you? Why, cent annually. "The more I dipped, the even his coach, Jim Brigance, a bear for fresh malignancy. one snaking down his conditioning, knew boys on his team dipped back, the other curling under the base of his more I liked it," said Paul Hughes, 18, a six­ brain. four football co-captain from North Easton, and didn't make a big thing of it. Mass. "Makes you feel-you know, calms Finally, Betty dropped the subject. It had Sean had his third operation in November 1983. It was the jawbone operation he had you down. When I tried to stop, I couldn't." been Sean who pulled his sister Marian out feared-and more. After ten hours on the Alan Lawrence, his co-captain of the foot­ of the lake when she fell through the ice; operating table, he had four huge drains ball team in Taunton, Mass., said, "In our Sean who was his sister Milissa's model for coming from a foot-long crescent wound, a school about three-quarters of the kids who an ideal husand; Sean who taught his breathing tube sticking out of a hole in his play sports do it. As an everyday thing." younger brothers Shannon and Jason to hunt, fish and trap; Sean who planned to throat, a feeding tube through his nose, and Added Andover dental hygienist Joan two tubes in his arm veins. Sean looked at Walsh, "Many equate it with gum chewing." join the Army Airborne as a career and to Betty as if to say, My God, Mom, I didn't Scientific witnesses for the Smokeless To­ get his college education paid for. The know it was going to hurt like this. bacco Council argued that no undisputed oldest of her five children had a mind of his The Marsees brought Sean home for scientific evidence exists proving its product own. Christmas. Even then, he remained optimis­ causes any human disease or is clinically ad-­ Besides. Betty, a single parent working tic, until the day in January when he found dictive. Nitrosamines have produced cancer the hospital night shift in Ada, had enough lumps in the left side of his neck. Later, in some laboratory animals, but have not to think about just raising the children. Betty answered when the hospital phoned been shown to cause cancer in any human Then Sean had come to her with his ugly the results of another biopsy. Sean knew being, they pointed out. sore. Betty took one look; her heart sank. the news was bad by her silent tears as she But representatives of the American And now, Dr. Hook was saying, "I'm afraid listened. When she hung up, he was in her Cancer Society, American Heart Associa­ we'll have to remove that part of your arms, and for the first time since the awful tion, American Lung Association, American tongue, Sean." nightmare started, grit-tough Sean Marsee Dental Society, the U.S. Addiction Research The high-school senior was silent. "Can I began to sob. Center and the Centers for Disease Control still run in the state track meet this week­ After several minutes, he straightened Joined researchers from the National end?" he finally asked. "And graduate next and said, "Don't worry. I'm going to be Cancer Institute in condemning the practice month?" Dr. Hook nodded. fine." Like the winning runner he was, he of dipping. Concluded Assistant Surgeon A NECESSARY MUTILATION still had faith in his finishing kick. General Robert Mecklenburg, chief dental On May 16, 1983, the operation was per­ For the last two weeks of Sean's life, his officer of the U.S. Public Health Service: formed at the Valley View Hospital in Ada. adjustable hospital bed dominated the trail­ "Why should a chemical time bomb be al­ More of Sean's tongue had to be removed er's living room. Coach Brigance visited lowed to tick without warning in the than Dr. Hook had anticipated. Worse, the often, sometimes with a check from Tali­ mouths of children?" tumor biopsy was positive. Once the swell­ hina-area residents, teachers and classmates Health scientist Elbert Glover of East ing in his mouth went down, Sean agreed to who knew how hard-pressed the Marsees Carolina University recently conducted two see a radiation therapist. must be. quit-smokeless-tobac.co clinics in which only Before therapy could begin, however, a Almost to the end Sean insisted on caring one of 41 participants was able to go for newly swollen lymph node was found in for himself, packing his wound and cleaning more than four hours without the use of Sean's neck, an ominous sign that the and reinserting his breathing tube several smokeless tobacco. "This, to me," Glover cancer had spread. Radical neck surgery times a day. says, "means that smokeless can be highly would now be needed. Gently Dr. Hook rec­ One day Sean confessed to Betty that he addictive." ommended the severest option: removing still craved snuff. "I catch myself thinking," Since the Massachusetts hearing, that the lower jaw on the right side as well as all he said, "I'll Just reach over and have a dip." state now requires warning labels on snuff lymph nodes, muscles and blood vessels Then he added that he wished he could visit cans, and eight other states have similar except the life-sustaining carotid artery. the high-school locker room to show the mandatory warnings under consideration. There might be some sinking, but the chin athletes "what you look like when you use Both the World Health Organization and would support the general planes of the it." His appearance, he knew, would be per­ U.S. Surgeon General C. Everett Koop have face. suasive. A classmate who had come to see declared that smokeless tobacco does indeed Betty Marsee began to cry. Sean was him fainted dead away. pose a cancer threat, and the Public Citizen being asked to approve his own mutilation­ One friend who didn't flinch was John Health Research Group has petitioned the Sean who was so fastidious about his ap­ O'Dell, then 29, a former football player Federal Trade Commission to order warning pearance that he'd even swallow his dip from the local fellowship of Christian Ath­ labels. The FTC, in turn, has asked the Sur­ rather than be caught spitting tobacco letes. John asked Sean, when he became geon General to conduct a comprehensive Juice. They sat in silence for ten minutes. unable to speak, if he'd like to pencil some- review of existing scientific evidence on October 3, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26157 health effects before taking action. Last of Public Health, concedes that "we don't National Cancer Institute, if you use snuff July, Rep. Henry Waxman