The Challenge of Chinese Chan Meditation Toward Enlightenment

April 8, 2014 at Grand Valley State University, Michigan

Presented by Master Qiang (Q)/Prof. Victor Chiang P. O. Box 80938, San Marino, California 91118, USA

Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.ChineseBuddhistCenter.org 1 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] OUTLINE Part A : The Theory (what is it?) Part B : The Practice (How?)

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Part A : The Theory T1 : What is Meditation? T2 : What is Japanese Meditation? T3 : What is Chinese Chan Meditation? T4 : What is the of Chan Meditation? T5 : What is Awakening? Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 3 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected]

Part A: The Theory T1. What is meditation? T1.1: Religious related meditation T1.1.1:

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T1: What is Meditation?

T1.1.1: Buddhist Meditation T1.1.1.1: Purpose: Buddhists pursue meditation as part of the path toward enlightenment and

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T1: What is Meditation?

T1.1.1: Buddhist Meditation T1.1.1.2: Diversity – 1. Tradition : over 50 methods for developing and 40 for developing concentration

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T1: What is Meditation?

T1.1.1: Buddhist Meditation T1.1.1.2: Diversity – 2. Tibetan Tradition: there are thousand of visualization meditations

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T1: What is Meditation?

T1.1.1: Buddhist Meditation T1.1.1.2: Diversity – 3. Chinese() Tradition

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T1: What is Meditation?

T1.1.1: Buddhist Meditation T1.1.1.3: Methods – 1. Dhyana (Samantha): serenity: calm the mind; 2. Vipassana (Insight): explore: gain liberated wisdom.

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Part A: The Theory

T2. What is Meditation? T2.1 : Rinzai: 日本临済宗 T2.2 : Soto: 日本曹洞宗

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Part A: The Theory T2: What is Japanese Zen Meditation? T2.1: Rinzai: 日本临済宗 T2.1.1: : Myoan traveled to China around the 12th century.

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Part A: The Theory T2: What is Japanese Zen Meditation?

T2.1: Rinzai: 日本临済宗 T2.1.2: Methods: Japanese monk had to master the Chinese language and specific expressions used in Training.

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Part A: The Theory T2: What is Japanese Zen Meditation?

T2.1: Rinzai: 日本临済宗 T2.1.3: Manual: It had these features 1. A standardized Koan curriculum 2. A standardized set of answers based on stereotypical Chinese sayings 3. A standardized method of secretly guiding students through the curriculum of Koan and Answers

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Part A: The Theory T2: What is Japanese Zen Meditation?

T2.1: Rinzai: 日本临済宗 T2.1.4: Koan: by standardizing the Koan curriculum, every generation of students proceed to the same series of

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Part A: The Theory T2: What is Japanese Zen Meditation?

T2.2: Soto : 日本曹洞宗 T2.2.1: Lineage：Dogen traveled to China and became a disciple of the Caodong master in 1215

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Part A: The Theory T2: What is Japanese Zen Meditation?

T2.2: Soto : 日本曹洞宗 T2.2.2: Methods: 18 and 19 centuries: the tradition of Koan commentary became suppressed in Soto school. They tried to highlight the difference within and create a clean identity, but Dogen, the founder of the Soto school quoted 580 Koans

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Part A: The Theory T3. What is Chinese Chan Meditation? T3.1 : Origin from India T3.2 : (440-528) T3.3 : Six patriarchs T3.4 : Five schools of Chinese Chan

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Part A: The Theory T3: What is Chinese Chan Meditation?

T3.1 : Origin from India : “” by Buddha to his disciple in India. The Buddha silently held up a flower Mahakasyapa Smile. Buddha said: “I Possess the true eye, the marvelous mind of Nirvana, the true form of the formless. The subtle Dharma Gate that does not rest on words or letters but is a special transmission outside of the scriptures .Thus I entrust to Mahakasyapa.”

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Part A: The Theory T3: What is Chinese Chan Meditation?

T3.2 : Bodhidharma (440-528) : Traditionally the origin of Chinese Chan is created by the Indian master Bodhidharma (was the 28th patriarch in a line of descent from Mahakasyapa, a disciple of Shakyamuni Buddha, and the first patriarch).

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Part A: The Theory T3: What is Chinese Chan Meditation?

T3.3 : Six patriarchs: The Chinese Chan lineage was developed in the late 8th century, under 's (慧能）student Shen-Hue ( 神会), the traditional form of the Chinese Chan lineage was established: 1：Bodhidharma (達摩） （440-528） 2 : Huike (慧可）（ 487-593） 3：(僧燦）（-606） 4：Daoxin(道信) （580-651） 5：Hongren(弘忍) （601-674） 6：Huinen(慧能) （638-713）

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Part A: The Theory T3: What is Chinese Chan Meditation? T3.4 : Five schools of Chinese Chan: 1. Linji School: 临済宗 named after master Linji – Mazu. 2. : 曹洞宗Dongshan Liangjie (807 -869) and Caoshan Benji (840-901) 3. Yunnan school: 雲門宗 yunmen (died 948) 4. : 溈仰宗 Guishan lingyou (771- 854) 5. Fayan school: 法眼宗 wenyi (885-958)

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Part A: The Theory T4. What is the Linji school of Chan meditation? T.4.1 : History T4.2 : Method T4.3 : Linji's Teaching

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.1 : History - The school was named after master , It is the most important Chan school since Song Dynasty. (960- 1279)

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation? T4.2 : Method： 1. Koan 2.

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.3 : Linji's Teaching T4.3.1 : Four Judgments (四料简) T4.3.2 : Four kinds of Shouting (四喝) T4.3.3 : Eight kinds of Beating by stick ( 八棒) T4.3.4 : 汾阳十八问

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.3.1 : Four Judgments (四料简) 1.奪人不奪境：attack “selfish” but not attack “phenomenon” 2.奪境不奪人：attack “phenomenon” or “conscious”, not attack “self”

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.3.1 : Four Judgments (四料简) 3. 人境兩俱奪：attack both “phenomenon” and “conscious” 4. 人境俱不奪：not attack “phenomenon” nor “conscious”

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.3.2 : Four kinds of Shouting (四喝) 1. Shout like a diamond sword to cut off the wondering thought (有时一喝，如金刚宝剑) 2. Shout like a lion from the ground to shout out the confused discussion. (有时一喝，如距 地狮子)

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.3.2 : Four kinds of Shouting (四喝) 3. Shout like testing probe, to find out the situation (有时一喝，如探竿影草) 4. Shout like non-shout, to serve other purpose. (有时一喝，不做一喝用)

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Part A: The Theory/T4.3/Examples 1. Shout like a diamond sword to cut off the wondering thought (有时一喝，如金刚宝剑)

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Part A: The Theory/T4.3/Examples 2. Shout like a lion from the ground to shout out the confused discussion. (有时一喝，如距地 狮子)

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Part A: The Theory/T4.3/Examples 3. Shout like testing probe, to find out the situation (有时一喝，如探竿影草)

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Part A: The Theory/T4.3/Examples 4. Shout like non-shout, to serve other purpose. ( 有时一喝，不做一喝用)

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.3.3 : Eight kinds of Beating by stick (八棒) 1. 触令支玄棒：令棒：command beating, beating stick for commanding an order. 2. 接机从正棒：机棒：guide beating, beating stick for guiding the right path

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.3.3 : Eight kinds of Beating by stick (八棒) 3. 靠玄伤正棒：玄棒：break beating, beating the stick for attacking the wandering thoughts. 4. 印顺宗旨棒：赏棒：assist beating, beating the stick for assisting of breakthrough.

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.3.3 : Eight kinds of Beating by stick (八棒) 5. 取验虚实棒：验棒：test beating, beating the stick for examination of the situation. 6. 盲枷瞎棒：瞎棒：blind beating, beating the stick for non-purpose (blind).

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.3.3 : Eight kinds of Beating by stick (八棒) 7. 苦责愚痴棒：责棒：punish beating: beating the stick for blaming the non-practitioners 8. 扫除凡圣棒：正棒：right beating: beating the stick at the right time and for the right people.

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Part A: The Theory/T4.3/Examples R ight Beating

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Part A: The Theory/T4.3/Examples C ommand Beating

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Part A: The Theory/T4.3/Examples B reak Beating

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Part A: The Theory/T4.3/Examples T est Beating/Assist Beating

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.3.4 : Eighteen kinds of Issues (汾阳十八问) Linji Chan Master Shen Jau (善昭禪師) in Fenyang of Sung Dynasty classified students‟ questions into eighteen kinds of issues

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.3.4 : Eighteen kinds of Issues (汾阳十 八问) 1. 请益问：common questions, asking general questions, for example - what is meditation? 2. 呈解问： comment questions, asking for comment on your opinion Ex) Am I right? If I said Japanese “Zen”, is it the same as Chinese Chan？

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.3.4 : Eighteen kinds of Issues (汾阳十 八问) 3. 察辨问： confirm questions, asking the question to confirm certain answers Ex) Is that right? When you explain the „Huatou” as the “word head”. 4, 投机问：Follow Master‟s question Ex) Sun comes from the east

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.3.4 : Eighteen kinds of Issues (汾阳十 八问) 5. 偏僻问：use bias opinion to ask questions Ex) What happened if the sun comes from the west? 6. 心行问：Distinguish questions, asking the question to distinguish the differences Ex) How to distinguish between Zen and Chan?

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.3.4 : Eighteen kinds of Issues (汾阳十 八问) 7. 探拔问：searching questions, asking how to conduct meditation Ex) Which is the best practice for meditation? 8. 不会问： layman questions, asking new things Ex) How to practice meditation?

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.3.4 : Eighteen kinds of Issues (汾阳十 八问) 9. 擎担问： acknowledgement, asking acknowledgement to your thoughts 10. 置问问: self-question, asking oneself a question, then answer it by oneself Ex) Is Zen different from Chan? I think so

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.3.4 : Eighteen kinds of Issues (汾阳十八问) 11. 故问问：logic questions, asking the rare sample from a common theory Ex) "If all beings have Buddha Nature; how come the dog does not have Buddha nature?” 12. 借问问： asking the phenomenon and apply to the other things Ex) " How to dig out the pearls from the sea?“ (means how to achieve enlightenment from the wandering world ? "

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.3.4 : Eighteen kinds of Issues (汾阳十八问) 13. 实问问：represent questions, asking a question which represents other truth Ex) I could see Monks, but where is the Buddha‟s teaching? Or nature? 14. 假问问：asking a real question from the material Ex) I am burning the wooden Buddha, and to find the Buddha‟s nature.

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.3.4 : Eighteen kinds of Issues (汾阳十八问) 15. 審问问：debate questions, asking a question and try to debate the truth Ex) all things exist, which ones do not exist? 16. 徵问问：question‟s question, asking a doubtful fact to question its reason Ex) Why Bodhidharma came to China from the west?

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Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation?

T4.3.4 : Eighteen kinds of Issues (汾阳十八问) 17. 明问问：direct question, asking a question which is directly to the point Ex) what is meditation? 18. 默问问：silent question, answering the question by silently Ex) a person asks a master: what is ? The master adjusted a look at the sky, means it‟s nature. Another master stood up, went to the restroom then came back and sat down, means that it‟s like you need to go to the restroom to resolve your own problem.

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Part A: The Theory T5. What is Awakening? Theravada Seven Awakening 1. Mindfulness () 2. Investigation (Vicaya) 3. Energy (Viriya) 4. Joy (Piti) 5. Relaxation () 6. Concentration () 7. Equanimity (Upekkha)

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Part B : The Practice (How?)

T1 : The Purpose of the Practice T2 : The Preparation of the Practice T3 : The Methods of the Chan Practice T4 : The Ways of Breathing Practice

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Part B : The Practice (How?)

T5 : The Ways of Hua Tou Practice T6 : The Road toward Enlightenment T7 : The Practice after Enlightenment

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Part B : The Practice (How?) T1 : The Purpose of the Practice T1.1: Maintain health T1.2: Create energy T1.3: Balance temper T1.4: Stimulate wisdom T1.5: Achieve peaceful mind

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Part B : The Practice (How?)

T2 : The Preparation of the Practice T2.1: Adjust body T2.2: Adjust breath T2.3: Adjust mind T2.4: Adjust food T2.5: Adjust sleep

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Part B : The Practice (How?) T3 : The Methods of the Chan Practice T3.1: The silent illuminations T3.2: The visualization T3.3: The Koan Methods T3.4: The Hua Tou methods

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Part B : The Practice (How?)

T4 : The Ways of Breathing Practice T4.1: The methods of breathing T4.2: The methods of counting the numbers T4.3: The methods of entering Samadhi T4.4: The methods of avoiding wandering thoughts

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Part B : The Practice (How?)

T5 : The Ways of Hua Tou Practice T5.1: Select the right Hua Tou T5.2: Test the right Hua Tou T5.3: Practice the right way to hold Hua Tou T5.4: Hold the right situation T5.5: Concentrate on the Hua Tou T5.6: Break through the Hua Tou

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Part B : The Practice (How?) T6 : The Road toward Enlightenment T6.1: Build up beneficiary T6.2: Study more knowledge T6.3: Find the right master T6.4: Find the right approach T6.5: Practice at the right place

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Part B : The Practice (How?) T6 : The Road toward Enlightenment T6.1: Build up beneficiary 1. Donation: to make donations to any charitable organizations 2. Volunteer: to voluntarily get involved in any charitable activities

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Part B : The Practice (How?) T6 : The Road toward Enlightenment T6.2: Study more knowledge 1. Reading: to read the right books 2. Study: to learn the right knowledge

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Part B : The Practice (How?) T6 : The Road toward Enlightenment T6.3: Find the right master T6.4: Find the right approach T6.5: Practice at the right place

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Part B : The Practice (How?) T7 : The Practice after Enlightenment T7.1: Wisdom - To transform the conscious into wisdom T7.2: Knowledge - To enhance the knowledge by linking one to another T7.3: Visualization - To visualize all phenomena by wisdom T7.4: Equalization - To treat all beings as the same and equal T7.5: Application - To apply all wisdom in daily life

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Chan Activity Pictures

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Chan Activity Pictures

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Chan Activity Pictures

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Chan Activity Pictures

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Chan Activity Pictures

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Chan Activity Pictures

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Chan Activity Pictures

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Chan Activity Pictures

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Chan Activity Pictures

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Chan Activity Pictures

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Chan Activity Pictures

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Chan Activity Pictures

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Chan Activity Pictures

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Chan Activity Pictures

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Chan Activity Pictures

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Chan Activity Pictures

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