The Challenge of Chinese Chan Meditation Toward Enlightenment April 8, 2014 at Grand Valley State University, Michigan Presented by Master Qiang (Q)/Prof. Victor Chiang P. O. Box 80938, San Marino, California 91118, USA Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.ChineseBuddhistCenter.org 1 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] OUTLINE Part A : The Theory (what is it?) Part B : The Practice (How?) Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 2 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A : The Theory T1 : What is Meditation? T2 : What is Japanese Zen Meditation? T3 : What is Chinese Chan Meditation? T4 : What is the Linji School of Chan Meditation? T5 : What is Awakening? Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 3 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T1. What is meditation? T1.1: Religious related meditation T1.1.1: Buddhist Meditation Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 4 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] T1: What is Meditation? T1.1.1: Buddhist Meditation T1.1.1.1: Purpose: Buddhists pursue meditation as part of the path toward enlightenment and nirvana Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 5 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] T1: What is Meditation? T1.1.1: Buddhist Meditation T1.1.1.2: Diversity – 1. Theravada Tradition : over 50 methods for developing mindfulness and 40 for developing concentration Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 6 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] T1: What is Meditation? T1.1.1: Buddhist Meditation T1.1.1.2: Diversity – 2. Tibetan Tradition: there are thousand of visualization meditations Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 7 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] T1: What is Meditation? T1.1.1: Buddhist Meditation T1.1.1.2: Diversity – 3. Chinese(Mahayana) Tradition Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 8 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] T1: What is Meditation? T1.1.1: Buddhist Meditation T1.1.1.3: Methods – 1. Dhyana (Samantha): serenity: calm the mind; 2. Vipassana (Insight): explore: gain liberated wisdom. Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 9 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T2. What is Japanese Zen Meditation? T2.1 : Rinzai: 日本临済宗 T2.2 : Soto: 日本曹洞宗 Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 10 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T2: What is Japanese Zen Meditation? T2.1: Rinzai: 日本临済宗 T2.1.1: Lineage: Myoan Eisai traveled to China around the 12th century. Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 11 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T2: What is Japanese Zen Meditation? T2.1: Rinzai: 日本临済宗 T2.1.2: Methods: Japanese monk had to master the Chinese language and specific expressions used in Koan Training. Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 12 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T2: What is Japanese Zen Meditation? T2.1: Rinzai: 日本临済宗 T2.1.3: Manual: It had these features 1. A standardized Koan curriculum 2. A standardized set of answers based on stereotypical Chinese sayings 3. A standardized method of secretly guiding students through the curriculum of Koan and Answers Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 13 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T2: What is Japanese Zen Meditation? T2.1: Rinzai: 日本临済宗 T2.1.4: Koan: by standardizing the Koan curriculum, every generation of students proceed to the same series of Koans Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 14 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] om Part A: The Theory T2: What is Japanese Zen Meditation? T2.2: Soto : 日本曹洞宗 T2.2.1: Lineage：Dogen traveled to China and became a disciple of the Caodong master in 1215 Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 15 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T2: What is Japanese Zen Meditation? T2.2: Soto : 日本曹洞宗 T2.2.2: Methods: 18 and 19 centuries: the tradition of Koan commentary became suppressed in Soto school. They tried to highlight the difference within Rinzai School and create a clean identity, but Dogen, the founder of the Soto school quoted 580 Koans Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 16 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T3. What is Chinese Chan Meditation? T3.1 : Origin from India T3.2 : Bodhidharma (440-528) T3.3 : Six patriarchs T3.4 : Five schools of Chinese Chan Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 17 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T3: What is Chinese Chan Meditation? T3.1 : Origin from India : “Flower Sermon” by Buddha to his disciple in India. The Buddha silently held up a flower Mahakasyapa Smile. Buddha said: “I Possess the true Dharma eye, the marvelous mind of Nirvana, the true form of the formless. The subtle Dharma Gate that does not rest on words or letters but is a special transmission outside of the scriptures .Thus I entrust to Mahakasyapa.” Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 18 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T3: What is Chinese Chan Meditation? T3.2 : Bodhidharma (440-528) : Traditionally the origin of Chinese Chan is created by the Indian master Bodhidharma (was the 28th patriarch in a line of descent from Mahakasyapa, a disciple of Shakyamuni Buddha, and the first patriarch). Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 19 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T3: What is Chinese Chan Meditation? T3.3 : Six patriarchs: The Chinese Chan lineage was developed in the late 8th century, under Huineng's (慧能）student Shen-Hue ( 神会), the traditional form of the Chinese Chan lineage was established: 1：Bodhidharma (達摩） （440-528） 2 : Huike (慧可）（ 487-593） 3：Sengcan(僧燦）（-606） 4：Daoxin(道信) （580-651） 5：Hongren(弘忍) （601-674） 6：Huinen(慧能) （638-713） Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 20 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T3: What is Chinese Chan Meditation? T3.4 : Five schools of Chinese Chan: 1. Linji School: 临済宗 named after master Linji – Mazu. 2. Caodong School: 曹洞宗Dongshan Liangjie (807 -869) and Caoshan Benji (840-901) 3. Yunnan school: 雲門宗 yunmen (died 948) 4. Guiyang school: 溈仰宗 Guishan lingyou (771- 854) 5. Fayan school: 法眼宗 wenyi (885-958) Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 21 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T4. What is the Linji school of Chan meditation? T.4.1 : History T4.2 : Method T4.3 : Linji's Teaching Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 22 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation? T4.1 : History - The school was named after master Linji Yixuan, It is the most important Chan school since Song Dynasty. (960- 1279) Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 23 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation? T4.2 : Method： 1. Koan 2. Hua Tou Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 24 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation? T4.3 : Linji's Teaching T4.3.1 : Four Judgments (四料简) T4.3.2 : Four kinds of Shouting (四喝) T4.3.3 : Eight kinds of Beating by stick ( 八棒) T4.3.4 : 汾阳十八问 Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 25 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation? T4.3.1 : Four Judgments (四料简) 1.奪人不奪境：attack “selfish” but not attack “phenomenon” 2.奪境不奪人：attack “phenomenon” or “conscious”, not attack “self” Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 26 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation? T4.3.1 : Four Judgments (四料简) 3. 人境兩俱奪：attack both “phenomenon” and “conscious” 4. 人境俱不奪：not attack “phenomenon” nor “conscious” Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 27 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation? T4.3.2 : Four kinds of Shouting (四喝) 1. Shout like a diamond sword to cut off the wondering thought (有时一喝，如金刚宝剑) 2. Shout like a lion from the ground to shout out the confused discussion. (有时一喝，如距 地狮子) Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 28 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory T4: What is the Linji school of Chan meditation? T4.3.2 : Four kinds of Shouting (四喝) 3. Shout like testing probe, to find out the situation (有时一喝，如探竿影草) 4. Shout like non-shout, to serve other purpose. (有时一喝，不做一喝用) Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 29 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory/T4.3/Examples 1. Shout like a diamond sword to cut off the wondering thought (有时一喝，如金刚宝剑) Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 30 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory/T4.3/Examples 2. Shout like a lion from the ground to shout out the confused discussion. (有时一喝，如距地 狮子) Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 31 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory/T4.3/Examples 3. Shout like testing probe, to find out the situation (有时一喝，如探竿影草) Copyrights 2014 By Victor www.Worldbtf.org 32 Chiang / Master Qiang (Q) [email protected] Part A: The Theory/T4.3/Examples 4.