NATIONAL GRASSLANDS MANAGEMENT
)
November 1997
Eric Olson Natural Resources Division Office of the General Counsel United States Department of Agriculture TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Introduction 1
1. Size, Number and Location of National Grasslands 4
History and Origin of the National Grasslands 6
Statutory and Regulatory Authority Applicable to National Grasslands Management 13
Answers to Frequently Asked Questions About National Grasslands Management 25
Summaiy 48
Appendices
Report of the National Grasslands Management Review Team (Dec. 1995).
National Grasslands Management Review Action Plan (May 1996).
Wooten, The Land Utilization Program 1934 to 1964 -. Origin. Development, and Present Status, Agriculture Economic Report No. 85 (1964).
Hurt, The National Grasslands: Origin and Development in the Dust Bowl," in The History of Soil and Water Conservation, Agricultural History Society at 144-156 (1985).
Agency Heads et al. Delegation of Authority and Assignment of Functions, 19 Fed. Reg. 74 (Jan. 6, 1954).
Part 213 - Administration of Lands Under Title III of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act by the Forest Service. 25 Fed. Reg. 5845 (June 24. 1960). The Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act. P.L. 75-210. 50 Stat. 522.
Con. Rep. No. 1198.75th Cong.. 1Sess. (1937) 81 Cong. Rec. H6450-6489 (June 28, 1937) 81 Cong. Rec. H6533-6581 (June 29, 1937); 81 Cong. Rec. H 7133-7140 (July 13, 1937); 81 Cong. Rec. S7158-7162 (July 15, 1937); Legislative History, Public Law 210,75tI Cong.
Office of the Solicitor, United States Department of Agriculture, Legislative History of Land Utilization Provisions in the Farm Tenancy Bill."
Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act, as amended, 7 U.S.C. §1010 - 1012 (1997).
Administration of Lands Under Title III of the BJFTA by the Forest Service, 36 C.F.R. §213 et seq.(1996).
Office of the General Counsel Memorandum onDescription of Legal Relationship Between Grazing Associationsand the Forest Service (Jan. 21, 1983).
Letter from the Chief to Regional Foresters on P.L.104-19 (Oct. 4, 1995)
Secretary of Agriculture Memorandum onNational Grassland Grazing Fees (Jan. 22, 1993).
0. Office of the General Counsel Memorandumregarding Mineral Development on National Grasslands (Apr.25, 1973).
P. Comp. Gen. B-77467 (Nov. 8, 1950); Officeof the General Counsel Memorandum on Use of Fees fromNational Grasslands (Sept. 9, 1992).
11 LVTR OD (JCTIOiV
In September and October 1995. a team of Forest Service officials conducted a management review of national grasslands. The team visited several national grasslands in different states, spoke with Forest Service employees involved in the day-to-day administration of these areas, and met with representatives from Congress, state and local governments, other federal agencies, business interests, grazing perrnittees, environmental organizations. and private individuals simply interested in the management of national grasslands. In total, the team heard from more than 300 people. Some of what the team heard was positive; some was not. Some of what the team heard dealt with the administration of an individual national grassland unit; some dealt with more systemic concerns related to the administration of all national grasslands.
In December 1995, the team issued a document entitled "Report of the National
Grasslands Management Review Team' (hereafter the "Report")' and, in May 1996, the Forest
Service issued a followup National Grasslands Management Review Action Plan" (hereafter the
Action Plan").2 One of the principal findings in both the Report and the Action Plan was that the laws, regulations. and policy governing the administration of national grasslands were not well understood or accepted by the public. Perhaps more surprising, however, was the finding in the Report and Action Plan that the laws, regulations. and policy governing the administration of
A copy of the Report is included at Appendix A.
A copy of the Action Plan is included at Appendix B. national grasslands were not well understood or accepted by many Forest Service employees either. The Action Plan directed that a "white papef' be prepared to identify and interpret the
Laws and regulations applicable to the administration of the national grasslands. It was felt that such a "white paper' would assist Forest Service employees involved in the day-to-day administration of the national grasslands and improve their understanding of the laws and regulations applicable to these areas. In so doing, it would also facilitate a more consistent application of the law to similar cases arising on different national grasslands.
This is that "white paper.'Section I briefly identifies the number, size and location of the national grasslands currently administered by the Forest Service. Section II reviews the significant events which led to the establishment of national grasslands. Section III examines the current statutory and regulatory authorities applicable to national grassland management.
Section IV addresses a number of frequently asked questions about national grassland administration. Section V summarizes the most important aspects of this primer. Finally,
Section VI of this primer contains several appendices of supplementary material that may be useful for current or future reference.
A word of caution. While this primer contains the most up-to-date informationand is perhaps the most comprehensive collection of material pertaining to the administration of national grasslands. it will need to be revised and updated periodically to take into account changes in law and policy. In addition, since this primer is intended to benefit the largest possible audience. much of the analysis is necessarily somewhat generic. Whilethis primer should facilitate analysis of many problems which may arise from time to time on the national grasslands. the actual outcome in any given case may well depend on the specific facts of that case. Consequently, the Forest Service should, whenever feasible, consult with the Office of the
General Counsel for more particular advice on how to deal with a specific problem. I.SIZE. NUMBER, AND LOC4 TION OF V4 TIOi4L GRASSLA.VDS
By law, the Forest Service is responsible for the administration of the 191 million acres of federal land that comprise the National Forest System. The largest component of the National
Forest System is, by far, the national forests. There are 155 national forests which contain more than 187 million acres of federal land. This amounts to almost 98% of the total acreage in the
National Forest System.
The second largest component of the National Forest System is the national grasslands.
The Forest Service currently administers twenty national grasslands consisting of 3,842,278 acres of federal land. National grasslands are located in thirteen states. However, nine national grasslands consisting of 3,161,771 acres of federal land are in the Great Plains states of
Colorado. North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. National grasslands in these four states alone thus contain more than 82% of the total national grassland acreage.
The following table lists each national grassland, its acreage, and the state(s) in which it is located.3
3 Figures in the table are derived from the Forest Service publication, Land Areas of th National Forest System, (Jan. 1997). National Grassland Acreage State(s)
Black Kettle 31.286 OK.TX
Buffalo Gap 597.178 SD
Butte Valley 18,425 CA
Caddo 17,873 TX Cedar River 6,717 ND
Cimarron 108.175 KS
Comanche 435,359 CO Crooked River 111,348 OR Curlew 47,756 ID Fort Pierre 115.997 SD
Grand River 154.981 SD Kiowa 136,417 NM Little Missouri 1,028,045 ND Lyndon B. Johnson 20,309 TX McClellan Creek 1,449 TX Oglala 94.480 NE Pawnee 193,060 CO Rita Blanca 92.989 OK.TX Sheyenne 70.268 ND Thunder Basin 560.166 WY
5 II. HISTORYAND ORIGIN OF TUE £4 TIOtVAL GRASSLA\DS
Although national grasslands were not officially designated as such until 1960. the events
which led to their origin are generally traced back almost one hundred years earlier, to the time
of the Civil War.
In order to facilitate settlement of the Great Plains and other areas of the sparsely
populated West, Congress enacted the Homestead Act of 1862 which authorized the disposition
of 160 acre parcels of federal land to qualified individuals.4 To those who met the requirements,
the land was free except for filing fees. Following the submission of an application, a
homesteader was allowed six months to establish a residence on the land. Actual settlement and
cultivation of the land were required for five years after which a patent would be issued to the
homesteader.
While over 600 million acres of land was initially available for homesteading under the
1862 Act, relatively little of it was arable.5 In addition. because of the low average annual
precipitation in many parts of the West, it was frequently difficult to conduct an economically
viable farming operation under the 160 acre limitation imposed by the Homestead Act. Even
4 The Homestead Act, 43 U.S.C. § 161. governed the disposition of agrarian land for 114 years until it was repealed by the Federal Land and Policy Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA), 43 U.S.C. §l701 etseq.
5 By 1862, approximately 440 million acres of the most valuable land in the West was already controlled by states, railroads, and indian tribes and was therefore unavailable for homesteading.
6 when Congress enacted the Enlarged Homestead Act in 19096. doubling to 320acres the amount of land that could be homesteaded west of the00thmeridian, the farming lifestyLe was still rigorous to say the least.7
Nonetheless, the lure of free land brought people to the west in droves. By 1904, nearly
100 million acres of western land had been homesteaded into 500,000 farms. Many of these farms were on submarginal lands.8
6 43 U.S.C. §218-221. This law was also repealed by FLPMA in 1976.
7 In Jonathan Raban's book,ad Land - An American Romance, a vivid picture of the hardscrabble existence of farmers in Montana between 1917 and 1920 is chronicled.
When the thaw eventually came [in 1917], the ground was ploughed, the spring wheat planted, and, on several successive mornings, a thin drizzle, more mist than rain, coloured the soil before the sun emerged and baked it dry. In late May, the midday temperature was already in the low nineties. On the Wollaston place, the spring under the lone cottonwood tree, a quarter of a mile west of the house, dried up, and the watering hole turned white, like rutted concrete. The iron windmills that served the cattle-troughs continued to creak monotonously overhead, but produced an alarmingly feeble dribble of yellow-tinged alkali water.
In 1917, 11.96 inches of rain fell at Miles City...In 1918, 12.62 inches. In 1919, 11.24 inches. In 1920, 12.83 inches. Though the numbers fluctuate slightly, each year was worse than the last, with too little rain falling on ground already parched beyond hope. Fifteen inches of rainfall was the make-or-break rule of thumb. Much less than that, and the topsoil turned to dust, and the hopper squadrons darkened the sky round the edge of the sun.
8 As used in this primer. submarginal land" will be used to refer to lands low in productivity or otherwise ill-suited for farm crops. Such land falls below the margin of profitable private cultivation.
7 More people flocked to rural lands from cities and towns during the Great Depression of the late 1920's and early 1930's. Unfortunately, this influx of new people often exacerbated the problems of established farmers but did little, if anything, to improve the plight of the newcomers. Foreclosures multiplied, tax delinquencies increased, and farm incomes dwindled.
To complicate matters further, the economic hardships suffered by many farmers during this time were accompanied by devastating natural events like droughts, floods, insect infestations, and erosion. In retrospect, it became apparent that thousands of farm families had been living in poverty on submarginal land long before the advent of the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl.
These twin events made farming, already a difficult lifestyle, that much more challenging.For
-many, the additional challenge was simply too much.
Beginning in the 1930's, the Government launched a large scale "land utilization program" (hereafter the "LUP") to respond to many of the agricultural problems plaguing the country.9 The LUP began as a submarginal land purchase and development program. but gradually evolved and expanded into a program designed to transfer land to its most suitable use.
The LUP culminated with the passage of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act of 1937
(hereafter the "BJFTA" or the "Act").
9 Many years ago. an outstanding and detailed examination of the land utilization program was prepared by the Economic Research Service. A copy of The Land Utilization Program 1934 to 1964 - Origin. DeveLopment, and Present Status, Agricultural Economic Report No. 85 (1964), is included at Appendix C. Some of the significant events leading up to the enactment of the BJFTA in 1937 included the following:
* In 1929. Congress enacted the Agricultural Marketing Act which authorized the Federal Farm Board to investigate the utilization of land for agricultural purposes and the possibility of reducing the amount of submarginal land in cultivation.
* In 1931,a National Conference on Land Utilization was convened by the Secretary of Agriculture. The conference participants adopted a series of resolutions, many of which later became guidelines for the LUP. The conference participants also recommended the formation of a National Land Use Planning Committee.
* In 1932,a National Land Use Planning Committee was established to study problems associated with farming submarginal lands. President Hoover acknowledged the work of the Committee and stated that the broad objective of the study of land use problems was to promote the reorganization of agriculture to divert land from unprofitable use and to avoid the cultivation of land that contributed to the poverty of those who lived on it. In 1933. the Committee issued a report concerning the need for public acquisition, retention, and management of submarginal land and the need to relocate farm families to lands based upon the land's adaptability to a particular use.
* In 1934, President Roosevelt established the National Resources Board by executive I order. The Board issued a comprehensive report on the land and water resources of the United States. The report advocated, among other things, the adoption of national policies to promote land ownership and land use patterns that are in the public interest, the adoption of national policies to correct maladjustments in land use, the expansion of forest, park. and wildlife refuge landholdings by federal and state agencies, and the acquisition of 75 million acres of land.
* In 1934. the Agricultural Adjustment Administration started a submarginal land purchase program with $25,000.000 in appropriations from the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. A total of 8.7 million acres of land were acquired under this authority.
As noted above, in 1937 at the height of the New Deal. Congress enacted the
BJFTA which provided a more permanent status for the LUP. Title III of the Act authorized the
Secretary of Agriculture
to develop a program of land conservation and land utilization,including the retirement of lands which are submarginal or not primarily suitable for cultivation in orderthereby to correct maladjustments in land use...
9 Although a total of S50.000.000 was authorized by Congress for land acquisition in the
BJFTA. only $20.000.000 was ultimately appropriated. The Soil Conservation Service administered the LUP from 1938 to 1954.10
A total of 2.6 million acres of land were acquired between 1938 and 1946 when purchases under Title III ceased for all practical purposes. With the lands that had previously been acquired. the Government held 11.3 million acres in the LUP. The total cost for the land acquired for the LUP under the BJFTA and the preceding authorities was $47,500,000."
Almost immediately, intensive improvement and development activities began on the
LUP lands. New roads, buildings, transportation facilities, and fences were built, flood and erosion control strategies were adopted, grass and trees were planted, water storagefacilities were constructed. and stream channels werewidened and cleaned. The land improvements cost
$10i500000.I2 Not only did the improvement activities help to restore these badly damaged lands, but they also created more than 50,000 jobs at a time when theNation was pulling itself out of the Depression)3
10 Until it found a home in the Soil Conservation Service in1938, the LUP bounced around five different federal agencies in its first four years of existence. The agencies werethe Agricultural Adjustment Administration, The Federal Emergency ReliefAdministration, the Resettlement Administration, the Farm Security Administration, and the Bureau ofAgricultural Economics.
11 The average price per acre to acquire these lands was $4.40.
12 The average price per acre to acquire and improve these lands was$13.50.
13 Some of the projects initiated by the Soil ConservationService were examined in more detail in The History of Soil and Water Conservation, published bythe Agricultural History Society in
10 Much of the LUP land was transferred or sold. principally to other federal agencies. Of the total 11.3 million acres in the LUP. approximately 5.8 million acres were gradually transferred to the Department of the Interior to be administered by the National Park Service,
Bureau of Indian Affairs. Fish and Wildlife Service, or Bureau of Land Management.
Approximately 5.5 million acres were retained within the Department of Agriculture.
In 1954, the Secretary of Agriculture transferred the responsibility for administering the
LUP from the Soil Conservation Service to the Forest Service)4 Approximately 1.5 million acres of LUP land in the South and East wound up being incorporated into new or existing national forests. In 1960, the Secretary designated approximately 3.8 million acres of LUP land mostly in the Great Plains as national grasslands)5The remaining approximately 200,000 acres of the LUP lands administered by the Forest Service were designated for disposal or I permanent assignment.
Under its administration, the Forest Service continued and expanded upon the improvement activities that had been initiated by the Soil Conservation Service. Surveys of land.
1985. A copy of the chapter entitled "National Grasslands: Origin and Development in the Dust Bowl" is included at Appendix D.
14 19 Fed. Reg. 74 (Jan. 6, 1954). ,Appendix E. For an interesting discussion of the differences in the prevailing land management philosophies of the Soil Conservation Service and the Forest Service during this transition period. see Rowley, U.S. Forest Service Grazing and Rarigelands - A History, at pp. 224-230 (1985).
15 25 Fed. Reg. 5845 (June 24. 1960). 5, Appendix F.
11 water, forest. range. wildlife, and recreation resources were conducted, cooperative land management agreements were entered into with grazing associations and conservation districts. additional revegetation and reforestation measures were instituted, fish and wildlife habitat was improved, and additiona! recreational opportunities were provided as a resuit of the construction of new campsites, picnic areas, and reservoirs.
Since 1960. the tota! size and number of national grasslands has remained relatively constant)6 As set out in the next section. however, the laws governing the administration of these federa! lands has rapidiy evolved.
16 The most recent addition to the national grasslands occurred in 1991 when the Secretary of Agriculture redesignated the 18,425 acre Butte Valley Land Utilization Project in California as the Butte Valley Nationa! Grasslands. 56 Fed. Reg. 8279 (Feb. 28, 1991).
12 III. Sfl TUTOR YAiVD REGUL1 TORY A UTHORITY APPLICABLE TO VA TIOiVAL
GRASSLANDS MANA GEMENT
Before examining the specific statutory and regulatory milieu under which the Forest
Service administers national grasslands, it might be worthwhile to step back and review some of the fundamental constitutional and legal principles governing the administration of all federal public lands and resources.
First, the United States Constitution vests in Congress the plenary authority over all federally-owned land. The Property Clause of the Constitution, Art. IV, §3, cl. 2, specifically provides that
The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States...
The Supreme Court has consistently recognized the expansiveness of the Property Clause, stating
that "the power over the public lands thus entrusted to Congress is without limitations." Kieppe
v. New Mexico, 426 U.S. 529, 539 (1976); see also, United States v. Gardner, 107F.3d 1314 (91h
Cir. 1997).'
Second, Congress may (and routinely does) delegate its authority over federally owned
land to the executive branch through the enactment of statutes. Light v. United States, 220 U.S.
17 Indeed. Congress may, under the Property Clause, regulate conduct occurring off federalland if it affects federal land. Kieppe, supra; Duncan Energy Co. v. United States ForestService, 50 F.3d 584, 589(8th Cir. 1995).
13 523 (191 1): United States v. Grimaud, 220 U.S. 5.06 (191 1).In many instances, more than one statute will apply to the administration of the same unit of public land or to the same resource.
Congress may amend statutes from time to time to respond to changing conditions or it may repeal a statute altogether if its objectives have been accomplished or if it has otherwise become obsolete. Sierra Club v. Froelke, 816 F.2d 205 (5th Cir. 1987).
Third. agencies must administer the land under their jurisdiction in a manner that is consistent with the statute(s) by which Congress delegated them this authority. Where more than one statute applies, agencies are required. to the extent possible, to administer the land in such a way as to give effect to all of the statutes. In re Bulldog Trucking, 66 F.3d1390 (4th Cir. 1995);
Negonsett v. Samuels, 933 F.2d 818 (10th Cir. 1991); Blackfeet Indian Tribe v. Montana Power
838 F.2d 1055 (9th Cir. 1988). In other words, an agency must reconcile the requirements of all applicable law and may not pick and choose from only those which it wants to use in its administration of the land. Muller v. Lujan, 928 F.2d 207 (6th Cir.1991).18
Fourth. agencies may issue regulations to resolve an ambiguity in a statute or to provide further direction on how a statute will be implemented. Virginia v. Browner, 80 F.3d 869(4th
18 InvariabLy, there will arise on occasion situations where there is an irreconcilableconflict between the applicable statutes. The general rule in these cases is that the most recentand more specific congressional pronouncement will prevail over a prior, more generalized statute. Natural Resources Defense Council v. United States Environmental Protection Agency,824 F.2d 1258 (1St Cir. 1987).
14 Cir. 1996) Oil. Chemical, and Atomic Workers Intl Union. AFL-CIO v. National Labor
Relations Board, 46 F.3d 82 (D.C. Cir. 1995).
Fifth and finally, an agency's interpretation of the statutes that it is charged with administering is entitled to deference. However, if a court concludes that an agency's interpretation of a statute(s) isarbitrary and capricious," it will be invalidated. The
Administrative Procedures Act. 5 U.S.C. §701 et seq.; Marsh v.Oregon Natural Resources
Counci[, 490 U.S. 360 (1989).
Against this backdrop, it may be easier to understand the legal environment that applies to the Forest 5ervice's administration of national grasslands. Unfortunately, limitations of time and space do not permit an exhaustive recitation of each and every statute that applies to the I national grasslands. 5ome of the most important statutes will be discussed, however.
Clearly, this analysis starts with the BJFTA which, as was noted in the previous section, became law in 1937.'The preamble to the BJFTA stated that its purpose was
to create the Farmers' Home Co,oration. to promote more secure occupancy of farms and farm homes, to correct the economic instability resulting from some present forms of farm tenancy and for other purposes.2°
19 P.L. 75-210 (codified at 7 U.S.C. §1010-1012). The original text of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act of 1937 is contained in Appendix G.
20 In response to the oft repeated contention that the Forest Service should recognize livestock grazing as the preferred and predominant use on national grasslands because it would "promote more secure occupancy of farms and farm homes." the following should benoted. First, the
15 Congress was acutely aware of the many problems facing American agriculture in the 1930's. It believed that some of these problems were attributable to the difficulty associated with the purchase and successful operation of a farm and some were attributable to the continuation of poor or inappropriate farming practices on submarginal land.2' Thus, in enacting the BJFTA,
Congress sought to encourage and facilitate farm ownership and to remove submarginal land from cultivation.
The BJFTA contained four titles. Title I authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to make loans to farm tenants, farm laborers. sharecroppers and others for the purchase of farms of sufficient size for a family to earn a living. Title II authorized rehabilitation loans and the voluntary adjustment of indebtedness between farm debtors and their creditors. Title IV established the Farmers Home Corporation in USDA to implement and administer the Act.22
preamble of a statute is not part of the statute. ,Jurgensen v. Fairfax County. Virginia, 745 F.2d 868. 885 (4" Cir. 1984)("The preamble no doubt contributes to a general understanding of a statute, but it is not an operative part of the statute and does not enlarge or confer powers on administrative agencies or officers. Where the enacting or operative parts of a statute are unambiguous. the meaning of the statute cannot be controlled by language in the preamble. The operative provisions of statutes are those which prescribe rights and duties and otherwise declare the legislative will.") Second, to the extent that this preamble contributes to a better general understanding of the BJFTA, it must be considered in the context of the entire BJFTA, not just Title III in isolation. Third. it is not at all apparent from the BJFTA whether livestock grazing on national grasslands is even one (let alone the only) way that the secure occupancy of farms and farm homes may be promoted.
21 The conference report on the BJFTA. and relevant excerpts from the Congressional Record concerning the passage of the BJFTA are contained in Appendix H.
22 Titles I. II. and IV were repealed by Congress in the Agricultural Act of 1961. P.L. 87-128.
16 Title III. as discussed previously. resuited in the forrnai establishment of the LUP.23
Specifically. Section 3 1 of Title III authorized and directed the Secretary to
develop a program of land conservation and land utilization, including the retirement of lands which are submarginal or not primarily suitable for cultivation, in order thereby to correct makadjustments in land use, and thus assist in controlling soil erosion. reforestation, preserving natural resources, mitigating floods, preventing impairment of dams and reservoirs, conserving surface and subsurface moisture, protecting the watersheds of navigable streams, and protecting the public lands. health, safety and weifare.
Section 32 of Title III authorized the Secretary to. among other things, acquire, dispose of, and administer land as well as to promulgate regulations to prevent trespasses on the land and otherwise regulate its use and occupancy. Section 33 of Title III authorized the Secretary to pay counties 25% of the net revenues received on lands acquired under this authority. Section 34 authorized the appropriation of $50 million for land acquisition.24
23 Interestingly, Title III was included in the House bill (HR 7562 introduced by Congressman Jones). but there was no companion provision in the Senate bill (5. 106 introduced by Senator Bankhead). The conference committtee accepted the House version of Title III which was incorporated into the enacted bill. A detailed review of the legislative history of Title III was prepared by USDA's Office of the Solicitor and is attached at Appendix I.
24 As noted previously, only $20 million was ultimately appropriated for that purpose. During the floor debate over the passage of the BJFTA. Congressman Coffee observed that
Under Title III funds are authorized for the purchase by the Government of submarginal lands. This would be a continuation of the present program and in many states additional purchases are necessary to block together the purchases already made. The objective is to retire this submarginal land from unprofitable crop production and to turn it back to grass and in to grazing and forest areas. In purchasing the land, the Government will have something to show for the money it spent. It will heip to relieve crop surpluses, especially in wheat. since in good years this submarginal land helps to swell the price depressing surplus...
81 Cong. Rec. 6471 (June 28. 1937).
17 Title III has been amended several times by Congress since 1937. These amendments
included:
* In 1962. Congress deleted including the retirement of lands whichare submarginal or not primarily suitable for cultivation' from the purpose of the land conservation and land utilization program in Section 31.
* In 1962. Congress added "protecting fish and wildlife." and "but not to build industrial parks or establish private industrial or commercial enterprises to the list of goals and objectives for which LUP lands may be administered in Section 31.
* In 1962, Congress repealed the Secretary's land acquisition authority in Section 32.
* In 1962, Congress established new authority in Section 32 enabling the Secretary to award grants to assist state and local governments with their land utilization programs.25
* In 1966, Congress added "protecting recreational facilities" to the list of goals and objectives for which the LUP may be administered in Section 31 26
* In 1981, Congress added "developing energy resources" to the list of goals and objectives for which the LUP may be administered in Section 3127
Incorporating the above amendments, Section 31 today reads as follows:
The Secretary is authorized and directed to develop a program of land conservation and land utilization, in order thereby to correct maladjustments in land use, and thus assist in controlling soil erosion, reforestation, preserving natural resources. protecting fish and wildlife, developing and protecting recreational facilities, mitigating floods, preventing impairment of dams and reservoirs, developing energy resources. conserving surface and subsurface moisture, protecting the watersheds of navigable streams, and protecting the public lands, health, safety, and welfare, but not to build industrial parks or establish private industrial or commercial enterprises.28
25 All of the 1962 amendments were contained in the Food and Agriculture Act of 1962, P.L 87-703.
26 The 1966 amendment was contained in P.L. 89-796.
27 The 1981 amendment was contained in the Agriculture and Food Act of 198l P.L. 97-98.
28 7 U.S.C. § 1010. The entire text of Title III of the BJFTA as it appears in the 1997 edition of the United States Code is contained in Appendix J.
18 The BJFTA originated in response to the profound agricultural problems in the United States in the 1930's which were brought to a head by the Great Depression and Dust Bowl. Title Ill enabled the Government to acquire submarginal land and take it out of production. rehabilitate and improve the acquired land which had been ravaged by inappropriate farming practices, and manage the acquired land for a mix of different uses which were more suitable than farming.
There have been some major changes in the BJFTA in the intervening 60 years. most notably the repeal of Titles 1, II, and IV, the revision of the goals and objectives of the LUP in TitlellI, and the elimination of the Secretarys land acquisition authority in Title III. The BJFTA nonetheless continues to be one of the principal laws governing the Forest Service's administration of national grasslands. Yet it is by no means the only law governing the Forest Service's administration of these areas. I In the 1960's and 1970's Congress enacted several laws in response to the gathering momentum of the environmental movement and growingdissatisfaction with national forest management. Many of these laws apply to the administration of nationalgrasslands.
In 1969, Congress enacted the National Environmental Policy Act,42 U.S.C. §4321 seq., which generally requiresfederal agencies to evaluate the environmental impact of "major federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the humanenvironment."
In 1973. Congress enacted the Endangered Species Act, 16U.S.C. §1531 et seq., which generally requires federal agencies to ensure that their actions are notlikely to jeopardize the
19 I continued existence of any endangered species or threatened species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat of such species.
In 1974, Congress enacted the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974, P.L. 93-378 (hereafter the "RPA") which requires the Forest Service to prepare a renewable resource assessment, implement a renewable resource program. conduct a resource inventory, and develop land and resource management plans for units of the National Forest
System.29 Of particular significance for national grasslands was the definition of "National
Forest System" in Section 11 (a) of the RPA which encompassed all the lands under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service including national grasslands. Specifically, this provision stated that
Congress declares that the National Forest System consists of units of federally owned forest, range. and related lands throughout the United States and its territories, united into a nationally significant system dedicated to the long-term benefit for present and future generations. and that it is the purpose of this section to include all such areas into one integral system. The "National Forest System shall include all National Forest lands reserved or withdrawn from the public domain of the United States. all National Forest lands acquired through purchase. exchange, donation, or other means, the National Grasslands and land utilization projects administered under Title III of the. Bankhead-
29 In 1976, Congress passed the National Forest Management Act. P.L. 94-588 (codified at 16 U.S.C. §1600 et seq.) (hereafter NFMA"), which amended RPA and added more specific requirements to the Forest Service planning obligations. In particular, Section 6(e) of NFMA required that the land and resource management plans for National Forest System units
provide for multiple use and sustained yield of the products and services obtained therefrom in accordance with the Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960 (citation omitted), and, in particular. include coordination of outdoor recreation, range, timber. watershed. wildlife and fish, and wilderness.
16 U.S.C. § 1604(e).
20 Jones Farm Tenant Act (citations omined. and other lands. waters, or interests therein which are administered by the Forest Service or are designated for administration through the Forest Service as a part of the sYstem.
(codified at 16 U.S.C. §1609(a))(emphasis supplied). The Legislative history acknowledged that the lands administered by the Forest Service had diverse origins and that the purpose of incorporating in the law a definition of the 'National Forest System" was to unequivocally declare that all lands administered by the Forest Service are part of a unitary National Forest
System. S. Rep. No. 686, Comm. on Agriculture and Forestry, 93 Cong. 2Sess.
(1974)(reprinted in 1974 U.S.C.C.A.N. 4060. 4080). Thus, national grasslands, by virtue of being expressly included within the ambit of the 'National Forest System." became subject to the planning provisions of RPA and NFMA as well as to a panoply of other laws that applied generally to the Forest Service in the administration of lands under their jurisdiction. Sonic of these laws include the Organic Administration Act, 16 U.S.C. §473 et seq., the Multiple-Use
Sustained-Yield Act, 16 U.S.C. §528 et seq., the Wilderness Act, 16 U.S.C. §l 131 et seq., the
Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. 16 U.S.C. §1271 et seq., the National Trails System Act, 16 U.S.C.
§1241 et seq., the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920.30 U.S.C. §l8let seq., the Granger-Thye Act.
16 U.S.C. §580 et seq, the Knutson-Vandenberg Act, 16 U.S.C. §576 et seq., and others.3°
30 Interestingly, two statutes that apply to certain national forests butnot to the national grasslands are the grazing provisions of FLPMA. 43 U.S.C. §1751 et seq., and the Public Rangelands Improvement Act. 43 U.S.C.l9Ol et seq. (hereafter PRJA"). Subchapter IV of FLPMA specifically applies to grazing on lands within National Forests in the sixteen contiguous Western States." 43 U.S.C. § 1752(a). PRIA contains an express exemption for national grasslands. 43 U.S.C. § 1907.
21 HI In addition to the aforementioned statutory authorities, there are several regulations which apply to the Forest Service's administration of national grasslands as well. Foremost among these are the general regulations pertaining to the national grasslands set forth at 36 C.F.R. §213
(hereafter the 213 Regulations').3' Among other things. the 213 regulations direct that: the national grasslands be "permanently held" by the Department of Agriculture; the national grasslands be administered under 'sound and progressive principles of land conservation and multiple use, and to promote development of grassland agriculture and sustained-yield management of the forage, fish and wildlife, timber, water, and recreation resources..";32 the national grassland resources are managed so as to "maintain and improve soil and vegetative cover and to demonstrate sound and practical principles of land use for the areas in which they are located"; and that to the extent feasible, policies for the administration of national grasslands
"exert a favorable influence for securing sound land conservation practices on associated private lands." I
31 The 213 regulations are set forth in their entirety at Appendix K.
32 The term 'grassland agriculture" does not appear in the BJFTA nor is it defined inthe 213 regulations. At one time, Section 1034 of the Forest Service Manual contained the following definition of "grassland agriculture" as applied to national grasslands
The management and utilization of the Land resources and values within grassland biomes in harmony with nature's requirements and behavior to foster long-term economic stability and productivity of the land base and quality of life of the people and communities associated with it.
This section has since been repealed. The 2 13 regulations also specifically provide that other regulations applicable to national forests are incorporated and apply to regulate the proiection. use. occupancy, and administration of the national grasslands to the extent that ihey are not inconsistent with the provisions of the
BJFTA. Jat §213.3(a).3 Consequently, regulations governing livestock grazing at 36 C.F.R.
§222 et seq., regulations governing timber harvesting at 36 C.F.R. §223 et seq., regulations governing mining at 36 C.F.R §228 et seq., regulations governing special uses at 36 C.F.R.
§25 1 et seq., regulations governing prohibitions at 36 C.F.R. §261 et seq.,and regulations governing administrative appeals at 36 C.F.R. §2 15. 217, and 251 et seq., among others all apply to the national grasslands unless it can be demonstrated that to do so would conflict with the requirements of the BJFTA.
To summarize, the Forest Service is charged with administering the national grasslands inII conformance with all applicable federal laws and regulations. To be sure, one of the applicable laws is the BJFTA. However, there are many other laws and regulations that apply to the national grasslands as well. The Forest Service must take into account all of these laws in its decisionmaking process. Given the unusually expansive language of the BJFTA. it is difficult
33 This provision stipulates that the authority to acquire lands, to make exchanges, to grant easements, and enter into leases. permits. agreements, contracts. and memoranda of understanding involving such lands under such terms and conditions and for such consideration, fees. or rentals" shall continue to be controlled by the BJFTA.
23 I (though perhaps not impossible) to envision how its requirements might conflict with those of
another applicable statute)4
34 No lawsuit has thus far challenged the Forest Service's administration of national grasslands as a unit of the National Forest System as a violationof the BJFTA. Indeed, two recent decisions simply presumed this fact. Duncan Energy Co. v. United States Forest Service, 50 F.3d 584. 589 (8th Cir. 1995)("Under the [BJFTAI, Congress directed the Secretary of Agnculture 'to develop a program of land conservation and land utilization.The Act directs the Secretary to make rules as necessary to 'regulate the use and occupancy' ofacquired lands and to conserve and utilize' such lands. The Forest Service, acting under the Secretary's direction, manages the surface lands here as part of the National Grasslands, which are part of the National Forest System. Congress has given the Forest Service broad power to regulate Forest System land.")(citations omitted); see also, Sharps v. United States Forest Service, 28 F.3d 851,852 (8th Cir. 1994).
24 IV. ANSWERS TOFREQUENTL Y ASKED QUESTIOVS ABOUT V4 TIONA L G4SSLANDS l,L4\rA GEMENT
Over the last several years. many questions have arisen concerning the administration of national grasslands. The following answers may be of some assistance and provide preliminary guidance leading towards the resolution of some of these Longstanding issues. However, the answers are brief and, in many instances, somewhat generic. For further assistance in the resolution of specific cases or disputes. the local OGC office should be consulted.
A. 1HE BANKHEAD-JONES FARM TENANT ACT (BJFTA)
1. What was the congressional intent in enacting the BJFTA? I
Though the legislative history on the BJFTA is relatively sparse, Congress apparently sought to address what it perceived to be two major probtems plaguing American agriculture during the Great Depression years of the 1930's * the difficulty associated with securing the necessary capital to acquire and successfully operate a family farm andthe economic and environmental harms caused by farming submarginal land. Titles I, II and IV principally addressed the former problem while Title III principally addressed the latter.
2. What effect. if ajy. does the phrase in the BJFTA preamble "to promote more secure occupancy of farms and farm homes" have on Title III? I 25 Extremely limited. In the first place. the preamble is not a part of the statute.
Furthermore. to the extent it contributes to a better understanding of the statute, the preamble must be considered in the context of the entire statute, not just one part of it.
3. Does the phrase "to promote more secure occupancy of farms and farm homes" in the
BJFTA preamble req ire that Forest Service establish livestock grazing as the preferred or dominant use of national grasslands relative to other permissible uses of these lands?
No. As noted in A2 above, the preamble is not part of the BJFTA and must be considered in the context of the entire BJFTA, not just Title III. Furthermore. in order to reach this conclusion, it would necessitate a finding that the only way to promote secure occupancy of farms and farm homes was by making livestock grazing the dominant use of national grasslands.
There is simply no support in the BJFTA or its legislative history which would justify this leap of faith.
En fact, one might argue that inasmuch as Congress intended in the BJFTA to accomplish the twin objectives of facilitating farm ownership and curtailing destructive farming practices on submarginal lands, it was probably the loan provisions of Titles I, II, and IV which were the principal means by which Congress intended to "secure occupancy of farms and farm homes.'
To the extent Title III furthered the goal of securing occupancy of farms and farm homes. this was primarily accomplished through acquisition and retirement ofsubmarginal land. In other
26 words, by taking submarginal lands out of production. farmers would receive better prices for crops grown on the lands that remained in cultivation and thus would be more secure."
In summary, Congress sought to "secure occupancy of farms and farm homes' in the
BJFTA through the establishment of loan programs and the retirement of submarginal land.
While grazing was clearly envisioned as one of the uses to which the retired land could be put, we have found no support for the proposition that Congress envisioned grazing on lands acquired under Title III as one of the means (let alone the preferred means) by which the "secure occupancy of farms and farm homes" could be accomplished.
B. LIVESTOCK GRAZING ON NATIONAL GRASSLANDS
1. What is a grazing agreement and to whom may such an agreement be issued?
A grazing agreement is a type of grazing permit which authorizes eligible grazing associations organized under state law to make a specified amount of grazing use on National
Forest System lands for a period often years or less. 36 C.F.R. §222.3(c)(1). Grazing agreements include provisions for the association to issue grazing permits to their members. The association then assumes the responsibility for administering the permits it issues in conformance with the applicable law and regulations, allotment management plans. and rules of management.
27 enacted prior to the enactment of the BJFTA. Consequently, these statutes refer to purchasers of timber on t'national forest" land rather than on 'national grasslands" or "National Forest System" land. Nonetheless, we believe that after 1974 when Congress defined the term "National Forest
System" to include, among other things, national grasslands, the objective was to make the laws
applicable to national forests extend wherever practicable to all lands administered by the Forest
Service.
However, it should be pointed out that the sums collected under these two authorities may
only be used in accordance with the terms of the statute authorizing the collection. Thus, funds collected under the KV Act may be ued to cover the cost to the United States of planting,
sowing, removing undesirable trees, and protecting and improving the future productivity of the
renewable resources of the land where the timber sale is located. Under the 1916 Act, the funds
collected may only be used to cover the cost to the Forest Service associated with the disposal of
brush and other debris resulting from the timber harvest activities.
47 was previously considered in a decision by theComptroller General from 1950. B-77467 (Nov.
8. 1950). A copy of the subject Comptroller General opinion and a more recent opinion from the
Office of the Genera! Counsel on this matter is set out at Appendix P.
While the authority exists, however, we believe that there are some limitations inherent in
its use. The most important of these is that there should be some nexus between the permitted
use of the grassland and the conservation practicethat would justify a reduction in the fee
imposed for the use. The 1992 OGC memorandum on this subject addressed this matter by stating that
It is not possible to define in this memorandum the limits of the Forest Servic&s authority to allow for the off site expenditures by the permittee or lessee for conservation projects elsewhere on a national grassland. Suffice to say that the more remote the nexus or connection between the expenditure foroff site activities and the conservation objectives for the land under permit, the more likely such conditions might bedeemed void as arbitrary and capricious. An extteme case might be a requirement thatthe permittee construct and pave a road in an adjacent county in return forrights to graze cattle. In such a case, it would be highly unlikely the Forest Servicecould establish that the condition of the permit (i.e. road construction in an adjacent county)bears any relation to the management objectives for the land being permitted.
5. May the Forest Servic.çp11ect money from the purchasersof timber on national
grasslands pursuant to the Knutson-Vandenberg Act (the KV Act' andthe Act of August IL,
1916 (jhe 1916 Acfl?
Yes. The Forest Service is authorized to require timberpurchasers to deposit certain
sums into a special fund in accordancewith the KV Act, 16 U.S.C. 576 et seq., which was
enacted in 1930 and the 1916 Act, 16 U.S.C. 490. It should benoted that both of these laws were
46 No. Federal law requires that any money received by a government official or employee in the course and scope of the performance of his job must be deposited in the Treasury without deduction for any charge or claim. This would apply to fees collected from national grasslands.
Furthermore, the diversion of such funds could constitute an unauthorized augmentation of appropriations. Through the appropriations process, Congress not only provides funds to administer programs but also establishes the level at which these programs are intended to operate. Utilizing funds from a source other than Congress would enable an agency to increase its program level without congressional approval.
4. May fees due from special use permits. grazing permits. mineral leases. etc. be reduced in return for the performance of conservation practices on the national grasslands?
Yes. Though similar, there is a subtle distinction from the previous question because it does not result in funds being transferred from a permittee to the Forest Service which would normally necessitate a deposit in the Treasury. Rather it involves situations in which the Forest
Service agrees to charge a permittee a reduced rate in return for an agreement by the permittee to engage in certain specified conservation practices. The authority for this is located in Section
3 2(c) of the Act which authorizes the Secretary "[t]o sell,exchange, lease, or otherwise dispose of. with or without consideration, any property [acquired under the BJFTA].." (emphasis supplied). The highlighted language authorizes the assessment of fees for the use of national grasslands but it also authorizes the assessment of no fees if the Secretary deems it appropriate.
Obviously, within these limits, there is wide discretion to assess a reduced fee. This authority
45 §4321 et seq., the National Forest Management Act (NFMA). 16 U.S.C. §16OO et seq., and th
Endangered Species Act (ESA). 16 U.S.C. §1531 et seq., Section 4(f) of the Department of
Transportation Act of 1966.23 U.S.C. §138. and the Alaska Nationai Interest Lands
Conservation Act (ANILCA), 16 U.S.C. § 1323(a).
Finally, roads that predated the establishment of a national grassland may be deemed an outstanding right and would not require any authorization from the Forest Service provided that the activities occurring thereon were within the scope of the originai right. In the event activities were outside of the scope of the original right, authorization under FLPMA would be necessary.
Examples of activities outside scope of the right might be expanding a road from two to four lanes, paving a gravel road, or changing the road's alignment.
It should also be noted that some Great Plains states have enacted statutes which establish
section line" roads or highways. ,.g.1, N.D. Cent. Code §24-07-03;Neb. Rev. Stat. §39-
1410; S.D. Codified Laws Ann. §31-18-1 et seq. In these states, the land on either sideof a section line is burdened with an easement in favor of the pubLic for highway purposesand are generally under the jurisdiction of a local unit of government. Thoroughinvestigation of the applicable state law should be conducted with the assistance of OGC prior toengaging in any activity which could arguably interfere with a purported section line highway easement.
3. May fees collected for special use permits.razinpc.rinits. mineral leases. etc. be used to fund conservation practices on the grasslands? I 44 Generally speaking, until 1976 the BJFTA was the primary source of the Forest Service's authority to approve of the development of roads across national grasslands. Section 32(d) of the
Act authorized the Secretary to "make dedications or grants, in his discretion. for any public purpose. and to grant licenses and easements upon such terms as he deems reasonable."
In 1976, however. Congress enacted the Federal Land Policy and Management Act
(FLPMA). P.L. 94-579 (codified at 43 U.S.C. §1701 et seq.). Section 501 of FLPMA authorized the Secretary to "grant, issue, or renew rights of way over, upon, under or through
National Forest System lands for roads, trails, and highways among other things. In Section 706 of FLPMA, Congress repealed all the other federal laws (including Section 32(d) of the BJFTA)
under which rights of way could previously have been secured. FLPMA, did not, however,
terminate any rights of way which had been previously established under the repealed statutes.
Consequently, rights of way on national grasslands which had been established under the BJFTA
prior to the enactment of FLPMA in 1976 remained valid. In Title V of FLPMA are listed some
of the general terms and conditions that apply to the issuance of rights of way. -
Roads on national grasslands may also be authorized and developed in accordance with
the National Forest Road and Trail Act. 16 U.S.C. §532 et seq., and the Department of
Transportation Act, 23 U.S.C. §3 17.
Of course. any actions concerning the development of roads on national grasslands would
be subject to. among other things, the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 42 U.S.C.
43 D. MISCELLANEOUS
Are oil. gas. and coal development activities prohibited on national grasslands based on the provision in the BJFTA which reads "but not to build industrial parks or establish private
industrial or commercial enterprises?"
No. The subject clause was added to Section 31 of Title III in the Food and Agriculture
Act of1962, P.L. 87-703.In response to an inquiry in1973,the Office of the General Counsel
issued an opinion stating that this clause did not constrain development of oil, gas. and coal
resources on Title III lands provided that the activities did not involve the construction of power
plants or other commercial enterprises to consume or utilize the minerals extracted. A copy of
this OGC opinion is set out in Appendix 0.
In1981,Congress amended Section31again to expressly recognize "developing energy
resources" as one of the purposes for which Title III lands could be administered. This
amendment further buttressed the argument that oil. gas. and coal development and leasing is a
legitimate use of Title III lands.
Under what laws may the Forest Service authorize the development of roads across
national grasslands?
42 I was enacted by CQngress in 1943 as Public Law 78-120 and is commonly referred to as "PL-
1 20.' Under PL- 120. the regional forester may issue a quitclaim deed to a landowner to resolve a title dispute. PL- 120 may only be used in connection with acquired lands and only under a very limited set of circumstances where the United States' title claim appears to encroach upon an adjacent landowner's title claim. The regional forester must obtain a legal opinion from the regional attorney for OGC which acknowledges that the use of ALTA is appropriate in a particular case.
PL-120 may only be used to resolve title claim disputes which may arise if the title to the acquired land is deemed insufficient or if it was acquired as a result of error or inadvertence.
Examples of situations where the use of PL- 120 might be appropriate include the following: 1) a landowner has satisfied the adverse possession laws of the state where the property is located at the time of United States' acquisition of the land but is not identified as an owner of record; 2) a landowner and the United States hold separate deeds with overlapping land descriptions; 3) the property boundary between the landowner and the United States is inaccurate because the land was either not surveyed or was improperly surveyed; or 4) there may be an erroneous deed in which the claim of the landowner is superior to the claim of the party which sold the land to the
United States. Generally, these are the only types of title claim disputes which may be resoLved under PL-120.
41 the national grasslands must be determined by the Forest Service in accordance with the applicable statutory and regulatory authorities taking into account the condition of the grassland resources. This is reinforced by NFMA's inclusion of grasslands in the National Forest System multiple use framework. Clearly, it would be an incongruous result if the Forest Service was required to perpetuate a specific use on a parcel of land based on the manner in which it was acquired many years ago even if the resources were inadequate or if there was no longer any interest in such a use.
5. What mechanisms are available to resolve title claim disputes or encroachment problems on the national grasslands?
Most disputes concerning title to land or interests therein involving the United States areI adjudicated in federal court under the Quiet Title Act (QTA). 28 U.S.C. §2409a. Under the
QTA. suits may be brought against the United States within 12 years from the date the party knew or should have known that the United States was asserting ownership of the land or interests it purports to own. Although it may not initiate litigation under the QTA, the United
States may bring an action in federal court under various state law causes of action like trespass.
The party initiating litigation under the QTA must describe in detail the interest claimed, the basis for the claim, and the nature of the United States interest in the subject property.
Another, albeit more limited, option to resolve certain types of title disputes administratively is found in the Adjustment of Land Titles Act. 7 U.S.c. §2253. This statute
40 I transferred to another federal or state agency. the clear intention was to retain these acquired
lands in public ownership.
4. Do the public uses for which lands were acquired through condemnation under the
BJFTA and the previous authorities continue to prescribe the current legitimate uses of the
national grasslands today?
No. In order to exercise the condemnation authority delegated by Congress, the Secretary must demonstrate that the land to be acquired will be applied to a "public use." 40 U.S.C. §257,
258a. In general, the term covers a use affecting the public generally, or any part thereof, as distinguished from particular individuals. No set definition of what degree of public good will
meet the requirement of a "public use" exists since in each case it is a question of public policy
which depends on the facts and circumstances of a particular case. However, the meaning of the
term is flexible and is not confined to what may constitute a public use at any given time. The
term must be applied in the light of what the legislature seeks to accomplish and what it may
properly consider to be a public use at the time.
Thus, the fact that lands now comprising national grasslands may have been originally
purchased in order to establish a "demonstrational area for the public grazing of livestock" is
significant in that it proves that the land was acquired for a 'public use" and that the Secretary thus had the authority to acquire it through condemnation. It does not obligate the Forest
Service, however, to maintain that use in perpetuity. The appropriate mix of permissible uses of
39 authorities and agencies and only on condition that the property is used for public purposes." 7
U S.C. § 1011(c). While this provision of the BJFTA authorizes land exchanges with private individuals under certain conditions, it does not authorize outright sales of national grasslands to private parties.
However, limited authority for the sale of small parcels of national grasslands for land adjustment purposes may exist under the Small Tracts Act,16 U.S.C. §521cet seq.. In addition, if property is deemed "surplus," it may be subject to disposal pursuant to the Federal
Property and Administrative Services Act of1949. 40 U.S.C. §471et seqc. Finally, Section206 o the Federal Land and Policy Management Act (FLPMA),43 U.S.C. §1716,also provides independent authority for the exchange of National Forest System lands (including national grasslands) under certain circumstances.
3. Was the intent of BJFTA to dispose of the acquired lands after they have been stabilized?
There is no indication in the BJFTA or its legislative history to suggest that Congress intended the Secretary to dispose of the lands acquired once they had been stabilized. However. given that the BJFTA authorized the sale, exchange, or grant of acquired land only to public authorities and only on the condition that the land be used for public purposes. it is logical to presume that regardless of whether the land was retained by the Secretary of Agriculture or was I C. ACQUISITION, DISPOSAL AND OTHER CONVEYANCES OF NATIONAL
GRASSLANDS
May the Forest Service enter into land exchanges involving national grasslands under the BJFTA and, if so. what limitations apply?
Yes. Section 32(c) of Title Ill authorizes the Secretary to "sell, exchange, lease, or otherwise dispose of. with or without a consideration, any property [] acquired" under the Act. 7
U.S.C. § 1011(c). Under the BJFTA. land exchanges with public agencies may only occur if the public agency agrees to use the landfor a public purpose. Additionally, land exchanges with private individuals may only occur if the exchange does not conflict with the purposes of the Act and if the value of the property received is substantially equal to the value of the property conveyed. Ii
In addition, the exchange provisions of Section 206 of FLPMA and Section 17 of NFMA should be considered when proceeding with an exchange involving national grasstands.
May the Forest Service sell national rass!ands and. if so. what 1imittions appl.y?
Yes. Section 32(c) of Title Ill authorizes the Secretary to 'sell, exchange. lease, or otherwise dispose of. with or without a consideration, any property [] acquired' under the Act. 7
U.S.C. §1011(c). Under the BJFTA. sales, exchanges. or grants may be made only to public enhancement. However, under FLPMA. the RBF only applies "on lands in National Forests in the sixteen contiguous Western States.'43 U.S.C. §1751(b)(l). Consequently. the RBF does not extend to national grasslands. Conservation practices are an alternative to the RBF and are permissible under the BJFTA. A copy of the January 22. 1993 USDA memorandum is included at Appendix N.
15.Is the direction in a January 22. 1993 USDA memorandum (see 13 above) which
uthorizes the allocation to administrative costs of up to 6% of the 50% re uction in grazing fees associated with the implementation of conservation practices on national grasstands still i effect?
Yes. However, it is important to clarify that the 6% figure pertains only to the I administrative costs associated with the implementation of conservation practices on the national grasslands. Therefore, of the 50% reduction in grazing fees which may be authorized in return for the implementation of conservation practices. 6% of that amount may be allocated to administrative costs. This does not apply to other routine business expenses incurred by a grazing association in conjunction with its administration of the grazing permits it issues pursuant to a grazing agreement. These are referred to as administrative practices" which are different from "conservation practices" and were not covered in the subject memorandum. No. En the past. exchange of use grazing permits were utilized where private Lands were interspersed within a logical grazing allotment of National Forest System lands. Through an exchange of use permit. the landowner authorized the Forest Service to include his or her private property within the grazing allotment while the Forest Service authorized the landowner to graze on National Forest System lands elsewhere. Since such an arrangement was considered an even exchange, no fee was assessed to the landowner for grazing on the National Forest System lands.
Exchange of use permits are no longer issued by the Forest Service. As noted above, where mixed land ownership patterns exist, the Forest Service may issue only grazing agreements, on-and-off grazing permits. and private land grazing permits. The type of permit that would be issued depends upon the facts of each case and the relative amount of federal and non-federal land within the area to be grazed.
14. Is the direction in a January 22. 1993 USDA memorandum which authorizes re 0/,
national grasslands still in effect?
Yes. Conservation practices provide for the development of structural andnon-structural
improvements on the national grasslands which lessen the detrimental impacts of grazing. This
program is similar to Range Betterment Fund (RBF) underFLPMA which authorized the
establishment of a separate account in the Treasury into which50%of all grazing fees are
deposited. These monies are then returned to the forest for such activities as seedingand
reseeding, fence construction. weed control, water development, andfish and wildlife
35 May the Forest Service include private land within a national grassland as part ofan allotment to be grazed under a Forest Service grazing permit?
Yes, provided that the landowner consents to the use of his or her land for such grazing purposes subject to the terms and conditions prescribed by the Forest Service. Grazing agreements. on-and-off grazing permits, and private land grazing permits are the only instruments issued by the Forest Service which recognize and authorize grazing on commingled federal and privately owned land.
In the event that the landowner does not consent to the use of his or her land for grazing purposes, the Forest Service may not include it as part of the allotment and cannot issue a permit authorizing grazing on it. This could lead to a debate over which party - the Forest Service. I permittee, or private landowner - is responsible for ensuring that the permitted cattle do not stray from the permitted federal land onto the nearby private land which is not under permit. Though the answer may vary from state to state (or perhaps even within a state), in the West the general rule is that the state "open range' laws impose the burden on the private landowner to construct an exclosure if he or she does not want livestock to stray onto their private property.
May the Forest Service issue "exchange of uses" grazing permits to individuals who
ecattl oth-i vat- La I authorizing decision. Generally, the issuance of a grazing agreement by the Forest Service merely implements a decision authorizing grazing that has previously been made.
Must the Forest Service comp'y with NEPA when it issues a new grazing agreement to replace a previous grazing agreement that has expired even though the terms and conditions of the two instruments are the same?
Yes. See B9 above.
What if the agency is unable to complete the environmental analysis required by
NEPA before the grazing agreement expires?
Pursuant to Section 504 of the Rescission Act, P.L. 104-19. the Forest Service is required to issue a new grazing agreement to the holder of an expired or expiring grazing agreement if the only reason for not issuing the new agreement is due to the fact that the required environmental analysis has not been completed. In those instances, the agency must issue a new grazing agreement with the same terms and conditions as the expired grazing agreement. The terms and conditions may be modified by the Forest Service upon the completion of the environmental analysis. An October 4. 1995 letter from the Chief to the Regional Foresters explaining the effect of the Rescission Act on the grazing program is included at Appendix M. What process does the Forest Service use to modify the terms and conditions of grazing agreements?
Because a grazing agreement is a type of grazing permit. the Forest Service uses the same procedure to modify the terms and conditions of a grazing agreement as it does to modify the terms and conditions of a grazing permit. Grazing agreements may be modified to conform to
current situations brought about by changes in law, regulation, executive order, development or revision of allotment management plan, or for other management needs. 36 C.F.R. §222.4(a)(7).
The season of use. numbers, kind, and class of livestock, or the allotment specified in a grazing agreement may also be modified based on the permittee's request or due to resource conditions.
Iat §222.4(a)(8). However, modifications made pursuant to 36 C.F.R. §222.4(a)(8) require
one yeafs advance notice unless there is an emergency.
Must the Forest Service compty with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPM
prior to issuing a grazing agreement?
Yes. Before a decision to authorize the use and occupancy of national grasslands for
livestock grazing purposes can be made, the Forest Service must evaluate the environmental
impacts of that decision pursuant to NEPA. An allotment management plan (AMP) is prepared
based on the management direction in the decision to authorize grazing and becomes a term and
condition of the grazing agreement. The grazing agreement and the AMP must comply with the I When a member of a grazing association waives a permit back to the grazing association. allocation of the waived permitted use is governed by the associations rules ofmanagement.
Generally, a new permit would be issued by the grazing association to the party which acquires the base property from the association member who waived the permit. This is similar to Forest
Service practice for term grazing permits.
Who is responsible for ensuring that the holder of an association grazing permit issued complies with the terms and conditions therein?
It is the responsibility of the grazing association to ensure that permittee complies with the terms and conditions of the grazing permits it issues.In those instances where a permittee violates the terms and conditions of the association permit, the association may cancel or suspend the permit or take some other form of permit action.
What recourse does the Forest Service have if a grazing association fails to take action or has taken inadequate action against a permittee who has violated the terms and conditions otT his grazing permit?
The Forest Service may cancel, suspend. or modify the grazing agreement if a grazing
association fails to properly enforce the terms and conditions of the permits it issues.
31 terms and conditions of the grazing agreement which may result in cancellation. suspension. or some other form of sanction. FSM 2232.05.
4. Are there any circumstances under which a rancher can lease base property and be eligible for a grazing permit on national grasslands?
Yes. Forest Service grazing regulations state in relevant part that
Except as provided, for by the Chief, Forest Service, paid term permits will be issued to persons who own livestock to be grazed and such base property as may be required.
36 C.F.R. 222.3(c)(l)(i) (emphasis supplied). In the chapter of the Forest Services Grazing
Permit Administration Handbook dealing with grazing agreements. the Chief has expressly provided that base property may be leased and that share livestock operations may be approved
under certain conditions.' FSH 2309.13. ch. 23. These provisions were originally developed as a means to promote family ranching operations and to provide for new operators to become established in the ranching business. Today, they are most commonly employed to further one of these two objectives. It should be emphasized that this provision is discretionary and has generally been construed as a limited exception to the rule requiring that ranchers must own base property and livestock in order to be eligible for a grazing permit.
5.If a grazing association member waives a gr. inpermit. how is the permitted use allocated? the Office of the General Counsel explaining the legal relationship between grazing associations and the Forest Service in greater detail is set out at Appendix L.
Forest Service regulations at 36 C.F.R. §222.7 authorize the agency to "recognize, cooperate with, and assist" local livestock associations in the administration of grazing on
National Forest System lands. However, in order to be recognized, a grazing association must satisfy certain requirements set forth in the regulations. These regulations further specify that a grazing association must provide the means for its members to manage their permitted livestock, meet with Forest Service officials, work through the association to address their concerns and desires, share costs for handling livestock, construct and maintain range improvements, and other projects necessary for proper range management, and formulate special rules to ensure proper resource management. Many of the specifics regarding how a grazing association is to interact with its members are spelled out in the "rules of management."
3. What are rules of management?
Rules of management are a set of poiicies. procedures. and practices. including eligibility requirements, which govern the grazing use both on public lands covered by the grazing agreement and private or State Lands under the jurisdiction of the association. The association recommends rules of management which are approved by the Forest Service authorized officer.
The rules of management are incorporated into and become a term and condition of the grazing agreement. Thus, violations of the rules of management are also considered asviolations of the
29 In order to qualify for a grazing agreement. a grazing association must demonstrate to thi satisfaction of the Forest Service that: 1) it is qualified and competent to manage grazing of
livestock on lands to be placed under its controL: 2) it is a bona fide mutual benefit or cooperative organization incorporated or otherwise established ia conformity with the law of the state or
states where the lands under its control are located; 3) it is empowered under state law to engage
in activities contemplated by the grazing agreement for mutual benefit of its members or other
permittees; 4) it has authority under state law to acquire real and personal property or interests
therein by sale, lease, permit. or otherwise for the purpose of carrying out requirements of the
grazing agreement: 5) it has power to collect assessments or has other means to defray expenses ofconducting business contemplated by the grazing agreement; 6) its charter or bylaws provide
for one vote per member and prohibit voting by proxy. FSM 2232.1.
2. How are grazing associations established? What is the responsibility of a grazing
association that has been issued a grazing agreement?
A grazing association is organized under state laws of incorporation and/or cooperatives
and is considered to be a separate legal entity from its members who have limited liability for the
debts and obligations of the association. Management and control of a grazing association is
centralized in the board of directors and officers who are subject to certain fiduciary duties owed
to the association and its members. Limits on the authority of the board of directors are usually
spelled out in the articles of incorporation and bylaws. A January 21, 1983 memorandum from
28 I uppor: the ccnt.nued use and funding cf a Threatened and Endangered Spec3.es(TES) Coordinator to provide Great 21a3.xis leadersni.p to ranagement of TES.
WHO: Regional Foresterswithrationa1 grasslands WHEN: 7 / 1 / 96
Evaluate and pr.oritize inp1ementation to1s, for example habitat capability models.
WHO: Regional Foresters WHEN: 6/1/97
Provide appropriate wildlife, botanical, paleontological, range and other skills to national grasslands units.
WHO: See action item C2.. WREN: N
(9) 7. Revision of Forest Plans is coordinated across regions and forests. Standards and guidelines are consistent across administrative boundaries for similar ecological situations. Coordination will provide consistent direction. while allowing flexibility in meeting local needs.
Actions
The Rocky Mountain Forest Experiment Station, in collaborationwLthFER/WO and RGE/WO,willtake the lead in organi.zing and conduct.ng a workshop to develop an assessment of research needs associated w.th thenational grasslands. A steering committee comprised of LarryBryant, PNW; Deborah Finch and Dan tjresk, RN; Mike Lennartz, FER; a MFSfield representative and a NPS P.GE/WO representativewilldevelop a proposal for the workshop and submit it to Directors of RN STN; P.GE/WO; andPER/WO by September 30, 1996. The workshopwillbe held in FY 1997 and participantswillbe selected to represent PS management and research,other Federal agencies (e.g., NBS, NRCS, and ARS), university researchers,state agencies, livestock and oil and gas industry, tribal nations,and conservation groups. customers, and partners.
WHO: Director, P.GE; Director, RN STN; and Director,PER WHEN:September 30, 1996
Design a multiple strategy to improve monitoringefficiency and consistency, and to develop effective monitoringmethodology for the national grasslands.
WHO: National Grasslands Council and Research WHEN:6/l/97 I
Develop and implement an achievable monitoringand evaluation plan and provide annual monitoring and evaluation reports aspart of national grassland plan revisions or amendments.
WHO: Forest Supervisors WKEN:Aa Forest Plans are revised orawrtded.
Revise and/or amend Land and Resource ManagementPlans to reflect the variety of interests inherent to theNational Grasslands. Develop miigesIent direction that is specific toNational Grasslands.
WHO: Forest Supervisors W:As Plans are revised or amended.
Coordinate plaxmiig units to improveconsistency of direction across unit with similar ecological units, whileallowing flexibility to meet local needs.
WHO: Forest Supervisors WREN:Aa plans are revised.
(8) 0. RESOURCE STEWARDSHIP AND HE SCIENTIFIC BASE
Finding 1: Grasslands units currently rely on anuother of vers.t.es and on Forest Service Researcfl for the sciencerequ.red to understand and tnanage grassland ecosystems. However, there are cpportuni.ti.es toexpand cooperation and collaborati.on with tnore u.n3.versi.ties arid wi.thresearcherswithother agenc3.es.
Finding 2: although tnanagerS are using current informationand are, in most cases, working i.n close collaborationwithresearchers, some graz.ng interests are suspicious of or disagreewithForest Service techn.cal conclus.ons. (R-3)
Finding 3: Threatened, endangered and sensitive(TES) species are emerging as a critical concern on national grasslands,and additional information and morutoring are needed for effective management. used effectively to Finding 4: Monitoring and evaluation have not been determine whether our management decisions havebeen implemented or to evaluate what is or is not working. plans for the national Finding 5: Current land and resource management grasslands focus primarily on cosmiodityissues, such as grazing and huntable wildlife, and have not fully incorporated morerecent imporvit issues..
Desired Future
Forest Service Research. incollaboration with ''gsrs of thenational grasslands and western universities,develops an agenda and priorities fo research on the national grasslandsand prairie ecosystems. sites Ecological classifications arec]eted for all riparian and upland on the grasslands.
Revised Forest Plans provide acrehensiVS assesasnt of resource capabilities. d"dsa and issuesassociated with nationalgrasslands, as meeting well as scientifically crediblestandards and guidelines for resource managsw't policies andobjectives. the R.sasønable wildlife and botanicalexpertise is provided to each of grassland units. periodic. Monitoring programs are designedand imp le.*vted to provide of assests of resource conditionsand trends and the effectiveness prescribed R ag"t activities. The results ofni4tcring programs are used to adapt igsat activities tochanging or nPrticipated conditions. compreh"eiVe assesaeflt of rssource Revised Forsst Plans provide a grasslands. as capabilities. d."ds. and issuesassociated with national management well as credible standards andguidelines for macsting resource policies and objectives.
(7) leadership evaluate. budget allocationsbetween national forests andnation grasslands and directs a shift in resources where it isneeded to provide organizational or resource support to meet critical needson the national grasslands.
An interregional structure, such as a grasalaadCOUncil., BXits to: -provide leadership to national grassland management; -facilitate coordination and consistent management fornational graa.landi while at the same time providing for localflexibility; 000rdinat. decisionmaking at appropriate line officer laveli; -achieve coordinated iiaue. ra.olution and implementationof management dcci, ion, -addr.,, gra,,land policy, budget, and organizational is,u.a; -coordinate gra..land allelementi; -coordinate with other Government interest,, -sniure coordination of, and involvement in, current and futuregra..land or Great Plain, initiativea; -allure quality relource 'agea.nt of the national gra.aland,, and - increa,e organizational support (national and regional level) to the national gru.land,.
Regular National Gra..land Conference. are held to .trengthen counication, between national graa.land unit 'ager. ando give ''wger, increa,ed opporttjnitie, to work together.
National Gra,,land Centeri of Excellence are functioning toprovide a concentrated focu, on (a) quality reiource planning and management; (b) con.i.tency aczo.s unit boundarie,, and (c) efficient use of per.onnelto acccmpli,h program goal..
Act iona
Establish a charter for a National Grassland Council. The focus will be coordination, conmn.znication, and partnerships to make efficientuse of resources to achieve desired future conditions. Council wil]. include repre.entatjcn iron National Fore.t System, Research, State and Private
Forestry, and Natural Resources Conservation Service-
WHO: Forest Service Washington Office WHEN: 6/1/96
Evaluate organizational effectiveness and the equity of funding and skilL between national grassland and national forest units and implement inter/intra unit adjustments to improve m agmer't efficiency and coordination -
WHO: National Grassland Council with representation frt each Region. WHEN: 6/97
(6) evelcp aechan.srn.n ccordinat.onwi.thother ageric.es and nat.ve amerca.n coordinators for collaboratingwithtr.bal governzttents across admin.strat.ve ooundar.es.
W}O: aticnal Grassland Counc.1. WHEN: 1.2/1/96 Host an annual rational grasslands tour for interest groups and agencies to. promote understanding of on-the-ground management and to encourage format.on of coxrunon ground partnerships.
WHO:National Grassland Council WHEN:Suner 1997 Develop and implement a. coswtunications plan that insures that all interests and other agencies are given the opportunity to be involved in the Northern Great Plain. Plan revision process including data collection, interpretation and use. WHO: National Grassland Council WHEN:Ongoing Expand the use, beyond the Northern Great Plain., of an i'nteragency working group to coordinate collection, sharing and interpretation of resource data in the Great Plains. WHO: National Grassland Council WHEN:6/15/97 Each national grassland identify local Resource Conservation and Dev.lop'ii.tt projects to strengthen ties and improve efficiency an%o'g Natural Resource Conservation Service, national grasslands, and local ciT''ities and offer appropriate Forest Service assistance. WHO: Forest Supervisors WHEN: 1/1/97
C. EFPECTIVZ ORGANIZATIOMS Finding 1:Many people expressed the concern that nationalgrasslands are treated disparately with national forests in terms ofemphasis, human resources, skill, levels, budgets, and regionalassistance. Finding 2:The national grasslands in the Great Plains are notcollaborating to the degree necessary to resolve current grasslandissues. Desired Futiir% 1.Grassland units are effectively collaborating andpartnering with other agencies.Cost-sharing, volunteers, and partnerships with Stateagencies provide opportunities for needed skill levels and expertise.Forest Service
(5) Written comitnent(s) are developed with appropriate Federal and State agencies and others to achieve specific outcom.8. including tim.fraee and strategies to be employed.
A management environment where all grassland interests believe that their views and concerns are considered in natural resource decisions. national grassland leadership creates a forum or process to utilize public input into grassland policies, programs, and projects. Other Federal agencies, States, local governments, and grassland interests are utilized in the development and assessment of grassland policies.
National grasslands skills are acquired from a variety of external sources including NRCS and are available at the right place and the right tim..
T3SDA agencies clearly understand each other' s missions and can articulate these missions within ths comuunity of interests. It is readily apparent to local residents that the agencies are mutually supportive and work in a compl.mentazy fashion.
Actions
Develop a coordinated stakeholder list and assign responsibility for contacts.
WHO: Forest Supervisors WMEN:l/l/97
Designate a Regional Forester to participate as part of the Great Plains Partnership of the Western Governors' Conference.
WHO: Chief When: 6/1/96
Appoint a representative to appropriate Weetern Governors' Conierence working group(s).
WHO: Chief When: 6/1/96
Develop a mechanism for coordinating work, sharingpersonnel and equipm.n with associated LTSDA and other agencies, which willirove m*nAgweTt efficiency and promote interagency und.retandirg of agencymiseiofle.
WHO: All Regional Foresters. WHEN:12/l/97
(4) National Grasslands Rangers and Forest Supervisors eec 3.rlrlually to coordinate understanding of policy, share strategies for resolvingissues, and other natters. Provide appropriate opportuzu.t:es f:r external interests to be nvolved.
WHO: National Grasslands Council WHEN:].2/]./96 and annually thereafter with periodic evaluation of the need for continuation.
Develop the criteria for an orientation package for employees on the national grasslands and a general information package fr other employees to promote understanding of laws, regulations, history, and processes.
WHO: National Grassland Council WHEN: 1 / 1 / 97
List potential areas and proects for opportunities to demonstrate sound land stewardship and ecosystem m*ngement principles for each national grassland.
WHO: Forest Supervisors WHEN: 1/1/97
Initiate a coordinated environmental, education program for national grasslands highlighting 'their origins, purposes, resources, uses, and importance to bio-diversity. IWHO: National Grassland Council WHEN:1/l/97
B. WOR7ING WTE OTUS
Determine the extent and effectiveness of jnvolvw,l.,lt of users, state and local governments, tribal governments, other partners, and the public.
Finding 1: The Forest Service needs to exert greater leadership in interagency, inter-governmental, and Tribal government collaboration.
Finding 2: The Forest Service is not as effective as it could be in bringing varied interests together, providing opportunities for input, and involving them in solutions. In same cases, our coordination and collaboration are too narrowly focused.
Finding 3: The Forest Service needs to be more active in coordinating and sharing resources with other USDA agencies and doing more to support c"on USDA goals.
Desired Future
1. The Forest Service is seen as exercising a greater level of conservation leadership in the area of tb. national grasslands.
(3) Desired Puture Creation of a coonly u.nderstood vjajon for the rational grasslandg. viaion is available for iplementation in the revision of land andreiour management plans applicable to the national graaalands. A commonly understood vjajon is used ai a foundation for making adju.tm aa needed iregulation and national, regional. and local policy. Graailands ars coniidered ahewcaui for demonstrating sound land-".gsm. practice.. Act ions
Identify legal isiuei and clarify the intent of the Banithead-JonesFarm Tenant Act (BJFA) as originally passed and with: subsequent anendmentsar related legislation, including a statement of applicability of other law. (i.e., Multipl. Uis-Suitained Yi.ld Act, Endangered Species Act, National Forest Managentent Act, and other environmental laws) to the national grasslands.Prepare a white paper to be used in gaining consistent interpretation.
WHO: Forest Service Washington Office and Office of General Counsel WHEN: 10/1/96 Develop a con national grasslanda vision. WHO: Forest Service Washington Office and National Grassland Council WHEN:03/01/97 I Articulate and ilement the vision through a cunication plan directe at gaining a clear and co" mderstanding of direction applica.ble to ti national grasslanda. WHO: Forest Service Washington Office and National Grassland Council WHEN: 03/01/97 BasedonAl. a.dA2 -- Detezrnne n.ed for updating Forest Service Manual, including Cservatio Practice guidelines. Determine whether changes are needed in Code of Federal Regulatio. bs ccnBistent with itma Al. and A2 WNO:Forest Service Washington Office and National Grassland Council WHEN: 07/01/97
(2) 04/26/96
NATIONAL GP..ASSLA2DS MANAGNT REVIEW ACTION IJ.N USDA -FOREST SERVICE APRIL 1996
INTRODUCTION: This action plan was prepared in response to a management review of the national grasslands conducted On October 30 throughNovember 7, 1995.. The review team was interdisciplinary and made up of ForestService employees from the Washington Office and the field as well as arepresentative from the Natural Resources Conservation Service. The team was led by the Associate Deputy Chief of the Forest Service for National ForestSystem.
The actions contained in the plan are those whichaffect more than one Forest Service region. Other actions, as needed, which apply tospecific units and programs will be contained in action plansprepared by individual Forest Service regions and research stations.
The findings and desired futures listed in theaction plan are taken fr the "Report of the National Grasslands ManagementReview Team, t?SDA Forest Service, October 30 - November 8, 1995." The report is dated December 26, 1995.
The review team or subsequently designatedrepresentatives will assess ov.rall progress in meeting action plansand file a report with the Forest Service Chief on or before January 1, 1997 and 1999.
Representatives from the review team will make aseries of small group visits to a cross section of national grasslands tointeract further with ealoyees and users in. a. field envirot to demonstrateincreased emphasis and citmsnt to national grasslandm*nAge%ent,and to make continual adj us''"t in management actions. A. POLICY FWOX national grasslands are Finding 1: Legislation and policy applicable tO the not unifomly understood or acceptedinte21ally or externally. A c and shared vision for management of thenational grasslands is lacking. related to inAging the natiolt Finding 2: Policy direction specifically grasslands needs strengthening.
Finding 3: The national grasslands need tobe used more frequently and effectively to dinstrate and influencesound and practical management of grassland ecosystems.
(1) NATIONAL GR.A.SSLANDS
MANkGP2NT REVIEW ACTION PLAN
USDA - FOREST SERVICE
APRIL 1996
Approved 1 ' Approved li/C! L/ /J cc McDougle J.rxY A.Sesce soci,te Deputy chief, NP'S Deputy chief, Research
Date Date ',/ j% APPENDIX B REVIEW TEAM MEMBERS
Janice McDougle, Associate Deputy Chief of the National Forest System. Team Leader
Bertha Gillam, Forest Service, Director of Range Management. Washington Office W0)
Deen Bce. Forest Service. Deputy Director o Range Management, WO
Tom Darden, Forest Service. Wildlife Program Leader, WO
Michael Lennartz, Forest Service, Forest Environment Research WO
Walt Schluinpf, Forest Service, Assistant Director, Minerals and Geology, WO Mary Peterson, Forest Service, Forest Supervisor, Nebraska National Forest
Rod Baumberger, Natural Resources Conservation Service, South Dakota
Informauon Manager
Rita Beard. Range Management, Fort Collins, CO
17 PLANNED FOLLOW-UP
The results of the review w U be presented to the ForestService National Leadership Team in January 1996, at their winter meeung. The review report will be sent to all applicable regions andstations in December with a request to prepare draft action plans by February 10.1996.
A mechanism will be established to coordinate the developmentof action plans between regions, stations, and the Washington Office.
The review learn or subsequently designated representativeswill assess overall progress in meeting action plans and fiie a report with the Chief on orbefore January 1, 1997 and 1998.' Representatives from the review team will make a seriesof small group visits to a cross section of national grasslands to interact further with employeesand users in field surroundings, to demonstrate increased emphasis and commitment tonational grassland management, and to make continual adjustment in management actions.
16 In addition. competing issues and values andtradeoffs have not been fully analyzed.
There is wide variauon in land andresource plans for the naLionaj grasslanth.I There is a lack o consistency m sT.andards, guidelines,and management strategies for similar issues.
Desired Future.
Forest Service Research. in coLlaborationwith managers of the national grasslands andwestern universities, develops an agenda and priorities forresearch on the nazional grasslands and prairie ecosystems.
Ecological c1atcificauors will be completed forall riparian and upland sites on the grasslands. Revised fore& plans providea comprehensive assessment of resource capabilities, demands, and issues associated with nauonal grasslands,as well as scientifically credible standards and guidelines for meeting resourcemanagement policies and objecüves. Desired Future: Habitat Conservauon Assessments, conservation plans,and recoveiy plans will be developed for TES species, particularly identified key species.
Reasonable wildlife and botanicalexpemse is provided to each of the grassland units.
Monitoring programs are designed and implementedLo provide periodic assessment of resource conditions and wends and the effectiveness ofprescnbed management activities. The results of monitoring programs aie used to adaptmanagement activities to changing or unanticipated conditions.
Revised forest plans provide a comprehensiveassessment of resource capabiliuies. demands, and issues associaLed with nationalgrasslands, as well as credible standards and guidelines for meeting resource management policies and objectives.
Revision of forest plans will be coordinatedacross regions and forests. Standards and guidelines are consistent across adminisuaüve boundariesbr similar ecological situauons. Coordination will provide consistent direction whileallowing flexibility in meeting local needs.
15 Program funding has been inadequate to support needed surveys,monitoring, and assessments for threatened. endangered. and sensitivespecies.
Remaining natural habitats and some grassland communities within the Great Plains are largely confined to ext.remely limited public lands. National grasslands will play an increasingly important role in providing critical habitat for TES species.
The geographic isolation ot many of the grassland units makes itdifficult to share expertise among units.
Of the threatened. endangered. or sensitive species or candidates inthe Great Plains. the Forest Service has worked only on the prame fnnged orchid, greaterprairie chicken, black- tailed prairie dog, black-looted ferret, swift fox, ferruginoushawk; blowout penstemon, and mountain p1overhwer than a dozen. Finding 4: Monitoring and evaluation have not been usedeffectively to determine whether our management decisions have beenimplemented or to evaluate what is or is not working.
Forest plans should be reviewed to determine if appropriatestandards and guidelines have been established for all imporiant resources and issues.
I of monitonnror monitoring reporta has diminished publiccredibility.
Finding 5: Current forest plans for the national grasslandsfocus primarily on commodity issues, such as grazing and huntable wildlife, and have notfully incorporated more recent important issues.
Management direcuon. standards, and guidelines arelwting or many significant resources. values, and issues outside ofcommodity issues.
Direction provided in torest planaasgenerally inadequate toaddress changes in resOU1'C demands and public uses of grasslands that haveoccurred since the first generation of plans.
Issues lacking adequate management direction,standards, or guidelines in many forest plans include: - Theecological role of prairie dogs. - itS species. -Desired vegetation conditions for managementobjectives other than grazing. -Recreational vehicles. -Theroleof fire. -Noxious weeds. - Woodydraws and ripartan communities.
14 Substantial effort in both research units is focused on plants and animals thatare endangered. threatened, or declining, such as prairie dogs, the black-footed ferret,the prairie fringed orchid, and neotropical migratory birds.
Managers have idenu.tied a number of major information needs whereresearch information is lacking or inadequate: -Prairie dogs, prairie chickens, sharp-tailed grouse, and other threatened, endangered. or sensitive wildlife species. - Rare plants. - Residual cover for neotropical migratory birds and other wildlife. - Controlling invasive exotic plants and restoring native plant communities. - Managing woody draws and ripanan communities. - Prescribed tire.
Finding 2: Althoughmanagers are using current information and are, in most cases, working in close collaboration with researchers,some grazing interests are suspicious of or disagree with Forest Service technical conclusions.
Allegations were made that the Forest Service relies too heavily on Forest Serviceresearch and ignores research conducted by land grant and other western universities.
One grazing association is funding a technical consultant for the expressedpurpose of discrediting Forest Service technical conclusions.
Controversy over tcchnical conclusions is due, in part, to resistance to new vegetation standardstomeet resource goals other than grazing.
Finding 3: TES species are e.nerging asa critical concern on national grasslands, and additional information and monitoring is needed for effectivemanagement.
Federal classification currently Lists 59 grassland species as threatened or endangered. and the number is increasing.
Another 728 species are listed as candidates for threatened or endangered staflis.
Grassland bird species have shown more widespread and steeper declines than any other group of birds in North America.
Informaum on distribution and abundance is backing for many TES species.
There is in.viflCient informacin to develop conservation strategies for many of the currently listed species. and the forests and disthcts are ill-equipped to comply with the requirements of the Endangered Species Act.
A threatened and endangered species coordinator position has been established for the Great Plains to coordinate assessments of threatened, endangered, and sensitive species and to establish management and research priorities.
13 expertise. Forest Service leadership evaluates budget allocar.ions between natAonal forests and national rass1ands and directs a shift in resources where it is needed to provide organizafAonalor resource support to meet cruical needs on the national grasslands.
An interreiona1 structure. such as a "grassland counciL" exiszs to: - provide leadership to national grassland management: - facilitate coordinauon and consástent management for national grasslands while at the same ume providing tor local flexibility; - coordinate decisionmaking at appropnaxe line officer leveLs; - achieve coordinated issue resolution and implementaLion ot management decisions; - address grassland policy, budget, and organizational issues; - coordinate grassland assessments; - coordmaxe with other Government mteresis; - ensure coordination of. and mvoivement in. current and future grassland or Great Plains nLtatves; - assure quality resource management of the naLional grasslands; and - increase organizational support (national and regional level) to the national grasslands. Regular National Grassland Conierences are held to suengthen communications between national grassland unit managers and to give managers increased opportunities to work together. National GrassInd Centers of Excellence are functioning to provide a concenuated focus on: (1) quality resource planning and management: (2) consistency across unit boundaries: and (31 efficient use of personnel to accomplish program goals.
Resource Stewardihip and the Sdendfie Base Determine whether the necessar research base is available and whether the right kind of activities are occurring on the ground, inciu4ing resource management and demonstration. Finding I: Grasslands units currently rely on a number of universities and on Forest Service Research for the science required to understand and manage grassland ecos stems. However, there are opportunities to expand cooperation and collaboration with more universities and with researchers with other agencies.
The Rocky Mountain Research Station is a major source of information on vegetation classification, vegetation monitonng, and the ecology of selected TES species.
The Rocky Mountain Research Station Center for Great Plains Ecosystem Research at Rapid City, SD, cooperates with 11 universities as well as other State and Federal agencies to develop research information for land managers in the northern Great Plains.
The Station's Grassland Research Unit in Albuquerque. NM, investigates ecosystems in the southern Great Plains.
The research priorities for the two wins, developed in cooperation with land managers. include ecological c1assticauon. rangeland restoration. rnonitonng, and the response of plant and animal cornmurüües to fire and grazing.
12 Finding 2: The national grasslands in the Great PlaiM are not collaborating to the degree necessary to resolve current grassland issues.
Communications. coUaborauon. and cooperation among grassland units of the Great Plains are not occurring to a level that permits increased efficiency or effectiveness.
Currently, the 20 natio lan&under Forest Service stewardship are managed by 7 different regions or the Forest Service and 10 different national forests.
Most grassland rangers are isoLated from each other. They generally do not have much interaction with their national forest ranger counterparts.
The Forest Service has been underrepresented in liaison with the Great Plains Partnership or other multistate, multiagency efforts in the Great Plains.
Management of TES species between regions of the Forest Service could be improved within the Great Plains.
Coordination among grassland units and between grassland units and research units is not as frequent or as effective as it could be.
. Great Plains national grasslands share many of the same constiWents and maybe duplicating or missing opportunities to effectively coordinate with these constituents. I
Similar issues on national grasslands are dealt with differently on individual units (e. g., grazing association rules, prairie dog management,, mountain plover management.and so forth), creating confusion with users and interests.
Ecosystem-Level assessmentsneed to be coordinated between the four regions within the GFãains. -
threragency coordination within the Great Plains is occurring, but there is not asmuch. interregional coordination of these efforts as there should be.
There is a lack of inventory information and consistent processes forcompleting ecological or social assessthenrs between regions Within the GreatPlains.
in emphasisJLgrassland Ii.nd ad urnn between regions of the
D.sir,d. FuWw'
I.Grassland units are effectively collaborating and partnering with otheragencies. Cost-sharing, volunteers, and partnerships with State agencies provide opportunities forneeded skill levels and
11 Desired Future
The Forest Service is seen is exercising a greater level of conservation leadership in the area of the nauonal grasslands. Written commitment(s) are developed with appropriate Federal and State agencies and others to achieve specific outcomes, incLuding umeframes and strategies to be employed.
A management environment where all grassland interests believe that their views and concerns will be considered in natural resource decisions. National grassland leadership creates a forum or process to utilize public input into grassland policies, programs. and projects. Other Federal agencies, States. local governments, and grassland interests are utilized in the development and assessment or grassland policies. National grasslands skills are acquired from a variety of external sources. including NRCS and are available at the right place and the right time. USDA agencies clearly understand each other's missions and can articulate these missions within the community of interests. It is readily apparent to local residents that the agencies are mutually supportive and work in a complementary tashion.
Effecdve Organizations Determine to what extent we have the people and resources in place, todeliver sound programs within the mission and objectives. -'
Finding 1:Many people expressed the concern that nationalgrasslands are treated disparately with national forests in terms of emphasis. human resources,skill levels, budgets. and regional assistance.
Some national grasslands Lack sufficient staff expertise toaccomplish our multiple-use mission and to carry out the intent of laws and regulations in anefficient and effective manner.
Some believe there is an inequity in funding between nationalforest and national grassland units. Particular areas or concern are recreation, range, wildlife,threatened and endangered species. fisheries, and hentage resources.
Grassland units and their associated national forest headquartersdo not have all the necessary expertise and skills to adequately addressthe issues and management needs of the national grasslands.
There is a need for additional selected skills available atthe grassland level, particularlyin rangeland ecology; wildlife management; TES species management;botany; archeology; and paleontology.
Grassland managers realize that as budgets decline, itwill be more difficult to obtain the necessary skills for the Localitield level ofthe organization. There will be a greaterneed to collaborate and partner with other agencies to obtain someexpertise.
10 Some grazing a.ssociauons and perrrnuees expressed interest in an information network from which they could become better informed about natural resource issues affecting them.
In its long-range planning and environmernal education etfons, the Forest Service needs to portray the 'interdependence relationship" between public andprivate land more effectively. Some believe that too little recognition is given to natural resource conthbut.ions of private grazing lands, such as for gainebird or big game habitat. Finding 2: The Forest Service is not as effective as it could be in bringing varied interesu together, providing opportunities for input and involving them in solutions. In some cases, our coordination and collaboration are too narrowly focuseS
There is a perceived lack o Forest Service emphasis on local working relationships with new land users, grazing associations, and other groups.
Concern was expressed that in requesting involvement in our issues, the Forest Service has too little regard for ranching time conscrairns, such as duringlivestock marketing.
Some perceive that environmental groups can influence managementissues on the national grasslands by 1.aLking generalities," while the Forest Service requiresthe rancher to always talk specifically in terms of animal wins.
Grazing associations beLieve that the Forest Service does not give perrnitteesenough credit for good range management and flexibility in grazing management
ooperaüve efforts, such as watershed planning and wildlife habitat managemenLshould include more agencies and groups that could make valid conuibutions.
The South Dakota Suu Deparunent of Resource Conservation andForestry and the North and South Dakota Natural Resource Conservation Service offered tobecome involved in resolving Forest Service landownership adjustment and use issues.
Finding 3: The Forest Service needs to be more active in coordinatingand sharing resources with other USDA agencies and doing more to supportcommon USDA goals.
Active relauonships with U.S. Department of the Lntenor andState agencies appear to be more common than with USDA agencies.
TheForest Service does not routinel include the NRCS in ranailounent p1JDg between-the agency an e razin associations an o er': . e 'CS could and grassland agriculture. / assist.0groups with inventory, engineering, planning,
9 A commonly understood vision wi(1 be used as a foundation for making adjustments as needed in regulation and national. regional, and local poLicy.
Grasslands will be considered showcases br demonstrating sound land management practices.
Working WIth.Others
Determine the extent and effectiveness of involvement by users, State and local governments, Tribal governments, other parmers. and the public.
Finding 1: The Forest Service needs to exert greater leadership in interagency, intergovernmental, and Tribal government collaboration.. Following are examples of potential opportunities for betier naLural resource management. While these items are specific to the northern Great Plains, they are believed to be indicative 01 the kinds of opportunnies that exist in and around the national grasslands generally.
The Forest Service does not have a line officer with the delegated authority to be pan of the Great Plains Partnership o' the Western Governors Conferencea different person shows up for each meeting.
The BLM and others in North Dakota strongly encouraged the Forest Service toparucipale with them in meetings of their resource advisory councils.
The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) in both North and South Dakota expressed strong support for so-called "seamless nawrai resource management," and a willingness to be used more than they currently are in cooperative conservation efforts.
!i Wyoming, the BLM took a positive view of a possible regional reassessmentof the Forest ServicelBLM interchange proposal. In North Dakota. the BLM expressed a willingness to move ahead with land interchange or outhght shift of surfaceresponsibilities to the Forest Service where ieasible.
Opportunities for beuer natural resource management exist at the Stale level aswelL For example. the Abandoned Mine Land Fund in Wyoming ($16-18 millionannually) managed by the Stale Department of Environmental Quality, currently funds avariety of public works projects. Yet there is still mine reclamation work to be done, includingprojects on FederaL land. One element that appears to be lacking is a coordinazedapproach by the Federal land management agencies.
The National Park Service indicaied an interest in interpretive signing andbeuer public accommodations on nauonai grasslands in the vicinity oi Badlands NationalPark. This could both lessen recreation pressure in the park and increase nationalgrassland prominence at the same time.
8 Finding 2: Polkv direction specifically related to managing the nanonal grasslandsneeds strengthening,
Conservation and wildlife mterests have a common perception that the interests oL livestock operaiors are overemphasi.zed.
In the mid-1980's. a Forest Servicewide effortwas implemented to condense policy clirecüon for all resources. During this time, some of the manual direction specificto the national grasslands was deleted.
For the last 15 years. grazing interests have been urging the Forest Service to develop separate regulations and policy for the national grasslands.
Existing dizecüon for the national grasslands was developed dunng an era when theiwere fewer multiple-use demands than now.
New information indicates the growing importance of grassland ecosystems to biodiversity.
Finding 3: The national grasslands need to be used more frequently and effectively to demonsrnue and influence sound and pracncai management of grassland ecosys:emc.
A variety of interests advocated a stronger leadership role for the Forest Service in demonstrating sound land management.
National grasslands form a significant portion of the public land base on the Great Plains. but their existence or purpose is not Neil understood by broad segments of the public.
National grasslands and inLerrelaled private lands have demonsuated a significant conservation success story since the Dust Bowl era.
National grasslands offer substantial opportunities to demonstrate livestock grazing management, minerals development, threatened and endangered species conservation. wildlife management and shared management between Federal and State agencies. organizations, and individuals.
The multiple-use mandate applicable to the national grasslands provides flexibility to demonstraxe a broad array of management approaches in an ecosystem management context.
DesiredFuture
1. Creazion of a commonly undeisiood vision for the naüona} grassland.the vision will be available for iniplemencanon in the revision of land and resource management plans applicable to the national grasslands.
7 FINDINGS AND DESIRER FUTURES Introduction Findings of the review team are grouped under each of the lout major objectives oI the review. The objectives are interrelated, as are the tindmgs. Desired futures are designed as urgets for the agency to aim at when designing management actions. They are wñuen to provide a substaniial degree of management flexibility to meet local siniaüons. while at. the same time addressing nauonai interests. One coordinated action plan will be developed that includes all of the affected regions and the Washington Office. Actions can address more than one finding and desired future. They can also be adjusted astime passes to meet changing conditions. Follow-up will be scheduled to monitor progress on action planned during meetings.
Policy Framework Examine the missions. goals. and direction of the grasslands. particularlyin relation to today 's issues and climate. Finding I: Legislation and pollcv applicable to the nanonal grasslands are not uniformly understood or accepted internally or externally. A common and shared visionfor management of the nanonal grasslands is lacking.
GrasJand interests otfered widely varying views of what existinglegislaflon and regulauons mean in tothy's economic and social environment.
Ranching interests frequcruiy cite the preamble of theBankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act, which states in part to promote more secure occupancyof farms and farm homes...' as providing a basic direcuon that gives livestock grazing preference overother uses.
Current legislative attempts are directed. in part. at reinforcrng theemphasis on grazing and ranching stability within the national grasslands. They further attempt to removethe grasslands from planning and other procedural requirements common toNFS lands today.
NaLionai grasslands are perceived by many as being managedfor grazing as a dominant use. Conversely, the perception exists,particularly by grazmg permittees. that other interests such as wildlife. recreauon, and conservaüon oibiological diversity dominale management decisions.
Many ranching interests teel that the Forest Service hasmoved away from the intent of the BankheadJones Farm Tenant Act.
6 Lyndon B. Johnson, Caddo. Black Kettle. McClellan Creek, Kiowa, and Rita BlancaNational Grasslands. Crooked River. Curlew, and Butte ValleyNational Grasslands submitted comments. written
The team spoke with employees: individual permiuees: grazing associations; Congressionalstaffs; governor's representatives; local mayors: bankers: Chamberot Commerce members; rural development representatives: environmentalorganizations: sportsmen; outfitters and guides; oil, gas. and coal interests: the National Park Service; the Bureauof Land Management BLM); the Fish and Wildlife Service; the Natural ResourcesConservation Service (NRCS); State fishand game departrnerns; county comrnLssioners: paleontologicalinterests: heritage resources; and other partners and interests. In all, the team hada dialogue with over 300 people.
HIGHLIGHTS OF SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMSWhATIS WORKING WELL
The overall dedication, spirit and professionalismof Forest Service employees on the national grasslands is very high.
National grassland grazing perrniuees should berecognized for their devotion to and care of rangelands.
-The process for revising the land andresource management plans for the northern Great Pbin in the Northern and Rocky Mountain Regions isa good example of boundarviess collaboration between units.
Mineral development and reclamation isa demonstration of sound land use practices.
Model community involvement and economic developmentprocesses on some units have contributed to local economic diversification.
Formal collaborative research between the Rocky MountainResearch Station Center for Great Plains ecosystem research at Rapid City, SD. and several ForestService units demonstrates sound ties between the NFS and Research.
Local relationships with congressional staffswere strong on most ranger districts.
The National Grasslands Visitor Center at Wall, SD, is servingas a model for education and interpretation of the national grasslands and grasslands in general.
State agencies consistently complimented Forest Service stewardshipand improvements in range conditions. They noted that Forest Service management has favorably influenced management on neighboring lands.
Some grassland districts are developing seedsources of native prairie plants to use in revegetating oil and mineral development sites. Seeding with locally adapted native species flakes a positive conthbuuon to maintaining the biodiversity of grasslandecosystems.
5 The naüona grasslands are beginning to experience simiIai changes in resourcedemands and values that have been occurring on naüonai forests over the last decade.Long-standing uses such as livestock grazing, mineral development, andhunting have to be managed within an environment of increasing demands for wildlife viewing, photography, rock hunting, andother diverse interests. One or the most important emerging issues is the crucialrole of the nationai grasslands tor maintaining biological diversity within the Great Plains prairie ecosystems.
The largest vegetative province in North America is the native prairie. Some stateshave had declines in zaligrass paine of 99.9 percent. It is estimated that less than 34 percentof true mixed grass prairie and less than 23 percent otT true shorigrass prainestill exist in nañve vegetation. This loss of native vegetation is due pñmarily to conversion to normative crops;damming of major river systems for flood control and irrigation; and draining of wetlandsfor crop production. Overgrazing by livestock, suppression ot fire, invasion of exotic plants. andfragmentation of native grasslands continue to have negative impacts on the remaining naiivegrassland ecosystems. There are currently 59 listed threatened or endangered species in thePlains, with another 728 candidates for listing. Of the 435 bird species that breed in theUnited Staxes. 330 have been documented to breed in the Great Plains. Most of these species showdeclines of 14-91 percent due to losses of habitat critical for nescing and wintering. Prairiedog populations cuirently exist in less than 5 percent of their historic range. Species associated withthe prairie dog are declining, and many are listed as threatened. endangered. orsensitive species. As the Forest Service recognizes and responds to these newdemands on the national grasslands, some changes in management will result.TraiuonaL users are becoming concerned thatmeeting demands for these multiple uses and values will be at the expenseof moze txaditional uses and dependent livelihoods. These potentially conflicting interestshave resulted in polarization of users of the grasslands. Inadequate communicailons between theseinterests and divergent demands for management of the national grasslands have furtherincreased the level of concern and lack of UUSL in Forest Service management. Livestock grazers areconcerned that grazing will be further resthcted on the national grasslands as competing in:restssuch as Midlife and recreation become more vocal. There is substanual opportunity for fuwre mana2ement onthe national grasslands to forge new partnerships with State and Federal agencies. Tribal governments,the academic community, organizations, and individuals. They can well serve as a modelfor enhancing ecosystem management. a base for demonstrating sound land usepractices. and a catalyst br improvingthe efficiency of government.
Review Approach
The team examined stewardship achievements and theunique charactenSuCs of thenational grasslands. They gained a sense o the scope of issuesand current activities, andimproved agency understanding of the significance of national grasslandswithin the NFS and relationshipswith stakeholders. The national grasslands units that were visitedinclude: the Buffalo Gap and FLPierre Nacional Grasslands and Nanonal Grasslands Visitor Center onthe Nebraska National Forest(SD); the Little Missouri National Grassland on the CusterNational Forest (ND), the ThunderBasin Nañonal Grassland on the Medicine Bow-Rouu NationalForest (WY); and the Comanche Forest (CO). The team also metwith Forest NaUonal Grassland on the Pike-San Isabel National Cimarron. Service, other agency. and public representativesfrom the Sheyenne. Og1aIa Pawnee.
4 The Setting
The nat.ionat arasslands had their origin in the dust bowlyears of the1930's.Basic legislation leading to establishment of the nationalgrasslands was the Bankhead-Jones Farm TenantAct of 1937(BJFTA). BJFTA was An act to create the Farmers' HomeCorporation, to promotemore secure occupancy of farms and farm homes, to correct economic instabilityresulting from some present forms of farm tenancy, and for other purposes." Title 111of the act authorized the federal government to purchase or otherwise acquire submarginal farmlands. Thepurchased areas were designated Land Utilization Projects (LUP's).
In1954the Forest Service assumed administration of about 3.85million acres of LIJP's from the Soil Conservation Service (now Natural Resources Conservation Service). The remainder of the originar3.85 million acres was transferred to otheragencies such as the National Park Service, the BureaLd Management, and the Fish and WildlifeService. The lands administered by the Forest Service were designatedas national grasslands in 1960 by the Secretary of Agriculture.
There are many characteristics that togethermake management of the nai.ional grasslands unique within the National Forest System (NFS).
The national grasslands, for the mostpart, were acquired under the purchase authority of the BankheadJones Farm Tenant Act o1937(BJFFA).
The BJFTA directs the Secretary of Agricultureto "...develop a program of land conservation and land utilizaTion, in order thereby tocorrect maladjustment in land use..."
By regulation, he national grasslands havea mission "...to demonstrate sound and practical principles of land used for the areas in which theyare located..."
The national grasslands comprise 3.85 millionsacres or about 2 percent of the land base managed by the Forest Service.
There are 20 national grasslands scattered in 12 different States and7regions or the Forest Service. Seventeen grasslands are Located in the Great Plains.
The agricultural sector is important to local economies.
Substantial energy and other mineral development isoccurring on the grasslands returning about $150 million annually to the Federal treasury.
Highly intermingled landownership patternsare the norm.
Grassland ecosystems dominate.
Management by grazing associations is a foundation for implementing grazing practiceson a majority of national grasslands acreage. BACKGROUND
Introduction
The National GrassjdsManagement Review Reportcovers broad policy issues that influence effectiveness o naüonaj grasslands the managemenl The report assesses the current situaüonwith an eye to meeting needs of the future.The findings and desired futures action. are a foundation br future
The review team did not try to address specific operational issuesor provide a long list of suggested actions. They ConcenLrated on what they telt to be the most importantISsues. It is important that the USDA ForestService field organizaüon, inconcert with its partners, have substanthi latitude to design acuons that fit local conditions. At the same time, theseactions need to conthbute to a broad ecosystemapproach to management
Reasons for the Review
The 1995 National GrasslandsManagement Review was conducted fora number oi reasons, including:
Increajed inrernaj and external debateabout the current mission and direcüon for grasslands. national
Questions about whether the nauonalgrasslands are organized to best meet today's Challenges.
Increased efforts by avariety of agencies and orgni72üons to address issues the Great Plains. characr.erisuc of
Proposed naüonat legislation specificto the naüonal grasslands.
Substantial rime has passed sincethe last review in 1982.
Review Objectives
The Policy Fra,newor/c: Examineihe missions, goals. and direction of the grasslands, particularly in relation to the issues andclimaLe 01 today.
Working WithOthers:Determine the extent and effecciveness of involvementby users, state and local governments, Tribalgovernments, other partners, and the public.
Effective Organizanons: Determine to whatextent the Forest Service has the people and resources in place to deliver soundprograms within the mission and objecuves.
Resource Stewardship, the ScientificBase,andEffective Implemen:wion of Pro grams: Deterrniie if the necessazy researchbase is available and whether the right kind of activitiesare occurnng on the ground, includjn2resource management and demonstration.
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Background p.2 Introduction p.2 Reasons for the Review p.2 Review Objectives p.2 The Setting p.3 Review Approach p.4
Highlights of Successful ProgramsWhat Is Working Well p.5
Findings and Desired Futures p.6 Policy Framework p.6 Working With Others. p.8 Effective Organizations p.10 Resource Stewardship and the ScientificBase p.12
Planned Follow-up p.16
Review Team Member p.17 12126/95
REPORT of THE NATIONALGRASSLANDS MANAGEMENT REVIEW TEAM USDA Forest Service October 3(l)November 8, 1995 APPENDIX A VI. APPENDICES The second myth is that the BJFTA established livestock grazing as the preferredor dominant use of the national grasslands. This too is pLainly incorrect. There is simply nothingin the BJFTA, its preamble or legislative history to corroborate such an assertion. Grazing has been and will continue to be an important use of the national grasslands. But it is just one of many recognized uses and it is within the discretion of the Forest Service to determine through the planning process how those uses should be managed and where they should occur.
Fortunately, the combination of events which led to the enactment of the BJFTA are not likely to be repeated and the lands acquired under Title III in the 1930's and 1940's have made a remarkable recovery. In large part, the recovery of the land was due to the concerted and cooperative efforts of many people from different backgrounds working together towards a common goal. While the national grasslands have, for the most part, been restored, challenges remain for the Forest Service in its administration of these areas.
Today, the challenges are different. The Forest Service must be able to identify, consider, and harmonize all the applicable laws, not just the BJFTA, in its administration of the national grasslands. The Forest Service must educate the public about national grasslands, solicit their input and consider their views as part of the decisionmaking process. And ultimately, the Forest
Service must make management decisions which are in compliance with the law and which provide for the wise use and sustained productivity of the grassland resources. This process takes time and can often be frustrating. But it is what the law requires. And it is what the public has a right to expect.
49 V SUMMARY
The Forest Service currently administers 3.8 million acres of nationalgrasslands as part of the 191 million acre National Forest System. These lands were originallyacquired under the
authority of Title III of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act of 1937 and wereassigned to the
Forest Service for administration in 1954. In the Forest and RangelandRenewable Resources
Planning Act of 1974, Congress specifically included national grasslands as aunit of the
"National Forest System." National grasslands therefore are subject notjust to the requirements of the BJFTA but also to the requirements of other laws generallyapplicable to the rest of the
National Forest System. Although the revelation that national grasslands aresubject to the
BJFTA and other laws applicable to the National Forest System may not seemespecially startling, it should help to dispel certain myths that have beenperpetuated over the years aboutI which laws apply to national grasslands and how those lawsshould be interpreted.
The first myth is that the only law which the Forest Serviceshould consider in its
administration of national grasslands is the BJFTA. This isplainly incorrect. The Forest Service
must consider the BJFTA but it must equallyconsider other laws applicable to units of the
National Forest System. Until there is a conflict betweenthe requirements of the BJFTA and one
or more of these other laws, the ForestService is obliged to manage thenational grasslands in
conformance with all of the applicable laws. To date, nosuch conflict has manifested itself.
48 I APPENDIX C AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC REPORT NO.85
The Land Utilization Program 1934to 1964
ORIGIN, DEVELOPMENT,
AND PRESENT STATUS
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC RESEARCH SERVICE For Sale By the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, WasKington, D.C.20402. FOREWORD The proper use of our land resourcesfoundation for a land utilization program. isof great importance to the Nation andUnder the leadership of the National Re- should have a high priority in Governmentsources Planning Board, action programs policy- -local, State, and national. It is ofLased on a planned attack on all aspects great significance to the individual citizen1 of land use problems began to appear. Many nomatter where he lives1 or what hisof us who were involved in the events of occupation may be.Land1 and the re- the1930's and1940's have felt the need sources of the land both directly and in-of a look at the movement and the im- directly affect our lives and living everyportant events in it from the beginning up day. The misuse of land resources oftento date. expresses itself in poverty1 low produc- Itisfor this reason that this report tivity, unemployment, poor schools, and aon the origins and development of land generally unsatisfactory way of life. Asutilization projects is of great importance we gain a better understanding of the pro-at this time. This study is a milestone ductive possibilities and limitations of vari-in the march of progress in land utiliza- ous land classes1 we find that much landtion. The findings are clearly stated and could be used more advantageously thanevaluated. The report covers a program at present. that encompassed some Z50 projects and It was often said 50 years ago that weover 11 million acres of land, each proj- were beginning to see and u.nderstand theect serving both as a test and a demon- need for conservation and land use planning stration. The projects were well distributed but that not much would be done about itin relation to geography and the principal by Government or individuals until a na- problem areasofthe United States. A tional consciousness and a state of public question may be asked1'Well and good1 opinion were developed which would sup- but11 million acres is but a drop in the port action by Congress and State legis- bucket as far as the total national land prob- laturesin the fields of research, publiclem isconcerned; what about the large education, and action projects. The White amount of work yet to be done?" In answer House Conservation Conference in 1908to thisreasonable question1 we can say calledby President Theodore Rooseveltthat we hope each project acts as a leaven was one of the first of a series of events toinduce future planning. We can have whichstartedthe movement which hashope and confidence that we have passed gone steadily forward ever since. the pioneering phase of the work and that A number of events since World War Ithere will be an expansion of land utiliza- have been responsible for the progress made tion planning and development in the Jnited in all aspects of the land utilization prob- States under pending river basin and re- lem. In response to the depressed situa- gional development programs. tion in agriculture during the 19Z0's and 1930's, a national conference on land utili- zationwas held in1931 which laid the M. L. Wilson PREFACE The information in this report wasob- A.Steele,Mark M. Regan, Norman E. tained from many sources. Recordsof the Landgren, and Robert W. Harrison, Eco- landutilization program in thefilesof nomic Research Service; Edward G. Grest, both State and Federal agencies were con-Fred W. Grover, Howard E. Smith, John S. sulted. In addition, a number of individuals Forsman, andLawrenceS.Newcombe, who hada special interest inthe landForest Service; Claude F. Clayton,William utilization projects because of active par-A. Hartman, Elmer Starch,and Carl C. ticipation in the research, planning, ac- Taylor, Res ettlement Administrationand quisition, and management phasesof theBureau of Agricultural Economics;Glad- programprovidedvaluableinformationwin E.Young and Roy D. Hockensmith, from memory and from personal papers. Soil Conservation Service; Virgil Gilman The history of a number of land utiliza-and Phillip K. Hooker, Federal Extension tion projects was reviewed in1963 and 1964. Service; all of the Department of Agri- Twelve projects under Federaladminis- culture; and Karl A. Landstrom, Depart- tration and17projects under State ad-mentof the Interior. ministration werevisited,recordsand Valuable aid was received from Loyd reportsstudied,and personsconsultedGlover,SouthDakotaStateUniversity; who were familiar with the useof theGeorge H. Aull, Clemson College; William land and its maragernent. The visitsto T.Fullilove, Georgia State Agricultural projectsand the discussions with pro- Experiment Station; and many others asso- fessional workers and people of the proj- ciatedwiththelanduse research and ect areas gave an insight into someof the action programs of the 1930's and subse- problems, policies, and accomplishmentsquent land management and research ac- records andtivities. not fully revealed in written Especiallyusefulsourceswerethe reports. Reports and publications cover- papers, files, referencelists, and publica- ing some phases of 35 additionalprojects Agricultural differentpartsofthe country weretions of L. C. Grays Bureau of in projects Economics and Resettlement Administra- read. Several of the 60 or more tion, 19Z0-40; Carleton E. Barnes,Bureau reviewed had been observed firsthandin Resettle- theirearlystagesby thewriter, whoof Agricultural Economics and was assigned to theland utilization re- ment AdministratiOn Margaret R.Purcell, the first Bureauof Agricultural Economicsand search and appraisal staff during Economic Research Service; O E.Baker, stages of acquisition anddevelopment in Marschner, Howard Turner, the 1930's. FrancisJ. The author wishes to givespecial ac-Bureau of Agricultural Economics;and knowledgement to the followingpeople for Philip M. Glick, Solicitor's Office. their helpfulness in providingsuggestions and materials: Ernst H. Wiecking,Harry Aug3at 196
ii CONTENTS Page Summary vu Origin and development 1 Introduction 1 National Con.ference on Land Utilization 4 National Resoi.trces Board 4 Formation of the land utilization program 5 The Agricultural Adjus tment Administration 5 Transfer to Resettlement Administration 8 Projects established and land acquired, 1934-37 11 Change of status- of the program under the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act 12 Assignment to the Bureau of Agricultural Economics .. 13 Transfer to Soil Conservation Service 13 Land acquired under Title UI of the Act 13 Land utilization research 15 Background studie5 15 Research as part of project planning and development. 16 Extent and cost of land acquisition and project development 17 Land acquisition. 17 Project development ... 18 Location of projects 19 20 - Use of project land Relocation of families residing on lands acquired 20 Relocation under the Resettlement Administration ... 21 Relocation under the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act 2Z Relation of land utilization program to local governments . 23 Examples of the impact of land purchase on local farm- ing and government 23 Federal payments to local governments - 25 Management and use of the land utilization projects 25 Relationship of land management and transfers Management by the Soil Conservation Service, 1938-53 Management by the Forest Service, 1954-63 29 Management by the Bureau of Land Management 33 Management of Indian projects 33 Management by State and local agencies 34 Plans for long-range use and management 34 Appraisal of the land utilization program 35 II. Examples of land utilization projects 40 Oconee National Forest and adjacent wildlife refuges, experiment stations, and parks 40 Land use plans in the 1930's 41 Use of project resources in the 1960's 42 Income and expenditures 43 Recreation 44 Management 44 Grand River National Grassland 45 History of the South Dakota land utilization projects. . 46 Purchase and development of the project 47 Resettlement of families Later administration and use 47 Income and expenditures 48 Changes, 1955-64 49 Page
Achievements of the project 49 Comparison of the Georgia Piedmont and the Perkins- Corson land utilization projects 49 Buffalo Gap National Grassland 50 Description and justification 50 Early development 50 Families residing on land 50 Use of the project land, 1959-63 50 Fail River Ranger District 51 Use of project in 1964 52 Milk River Grazing District project 53 Cirnarron National Grassland 54 French Creek State Park 55 New York Land Utilization Project 56 Beltrami Wildlife Management Area 56 YeUowwood State Forest 58 Bladen Lakes State Forest 59 Objectives 60 Financial development 60 Personnel and organization 61 Experimental projects in progress 61 Con5truction and maintenance 61 Sandhiils Wildlife Management Area 62 Clem5on Forest 62 Historical background 62 Timber inventories, 1936-58 63 Coordination of Forest management, with reaearch, teaching and demonstration 63 Bibliography 64 Appendix A.- -Explanation of differences in reports of acreages acquired in the land utilization program 73 Appendix B.- -Chronology of the land utilization program 82 Appendix C. - - Land utilization project work units completed and in progress for selected jobs of land improvements, June 30, 1938 85
iv SUMMARY Among the critical agricultural problems arid the Ban.khead-Jones Farm Tenant Act, of the 193O's was the cultivation of a 1argeall passed in the 1930's. Parts of the 11.3 acreage of submarginal farmland- - land that million acres are now maraged by 7 Fed- could not profitably grow crops. Mortgage eral ageniciesarid Z or more State ageni- foreclosures, tax delinquencies, and per-cies in some 30 States. Up to1954, when sorial hardship were commonplace iii areasarrangements were made for permanent where large acreages of submarginal lazdland assigzments, the costs of developizg were being farmed. Severe droughts, floods, the lazd were about $1OZ.S million (about erosior, poor cultivation practices, rieg $9 azacre). So the total cost for lazd lect,and, frequertly, abandonment wereand developmert was approximately $150 causing heavy damage to the land. million. Much of the labor of developing Recognizing the magnitude of the sub- the land was done by persons who would marginal lard problem, the Secretary ofotherwise have been jobless. Agriculture summoned aNational Con- Nearly 25,000 families occupied the ac- ference on Land Utilization in 1931, toquired land. More than 8,000 needyfamilies study these problems and to make reports werehelpedtorelocate. Over16,000 and recommendations. One result was thefamilies relocated by their own efforts. In creation of the National Resources Board,some cases, families could remain in their which assembled data and prepared mapihomes and work on the development or showingsubmarginallandareas.This maintenance of projects. Board recommended in 1934 that the Fed- The land utilization projects were not eral Government purchase and develop 75uniform in nature, size, use, or manage- million acres of submarginal farmland inment; zo 2 projects were exactly alike. the various regions to serve the public andThey ranged insize from less than a relieve the distress of the occupants ofthousand acres to more than a million. the submarginal land and of nearby areai.Some 100 Federal and State projects are An Executive Order late in 1933 alreadynow in forests; about 30 are in Federal had established funds to buy land, retiregrassland pa,ture and range; about 70 are itfrom cultivation,and develop itforin parks and recreation areas; and 50 are pasture,forest, range, park, recreation, in wildlife refuges and management areas. wildliferefuge,and similaruses. TheMultiple uie 1, a practice common to aU program devised was based on research,projects. Many projects have good build- and on thecooperationof professional ings,roads, watersupplies,and other o rgani zation5,State agricultural expe ri- facilitiesfor management, fire control, ment stations, land management and re- timber processing, grazing, fish and wild- search agenciesofthe Departments oflife production and management, experi- Agriculture and Interior, and local govern-mental demonstrations of good forest and ments, grazing associations, and soil con-grassland practices, and recreational sites. servation districts. Most of the agricultural projects have Some Z50 land uttlization projects, total- been under the administration and manage- inig11.3 million acres in 45 States, were merit of the Forest Service and the Bureau acquired for $47.5 million (about $4.40 anof Land Management since 1954, and now acre exclusive of public domain land as- are in Natiozal Forests, NationalGrass- signed) between 1933 and 1946. More thanlands, and Federal grazing districts. Co- four-fifths of this total acreage- -9.5 mil- operative grazing associations have an im- lion acres--is zow used chiefly for range portaztpart in use and management of andforestsardrelatedmultiple uses,these lands. such aswildlife protection, watersheds, Comparative studies of the project land and recreation. Over one-sixth--I.S mil- in the1930's, and in the 1960's after 30 1.ton acres--is used for wildlife refuges aridyears, show much change andtmprovement. parks. Useful purposes are served by providing All sales made to the Federal Govern- rural recreational areas, wildlife refuges, rnent were voluntary. Title to the land wasand supplemental incomes to local people obtainedunder provisions of the emer-from grazing and forestry, from employ- gency relief and industrial recovery acts,ment irmaintenance and operation. and v from relate4 private enterprises. The Fed- policiesencouraging settlement and de- eral Government and the Statesreceive velopmert of lard whether or riot it was fairly substantial paymerts for use of land 3uitedtocultivatiorL. The program as a row in forest and grass, as a result ofwhole put much land to more profitable improved rnanagemerLt,restoration,and uses development. Counties where these lands Considered as a whole, much of this are located receive Z5 percent of the in-land has been developed into useful.unite come from the land for the support ofand has become an important factorix, schools arid roads. the local and regional area's life and wel- An outstandingfeatureofthese landfare. The land utilization program of the utilization projects is that they give people1930t5 bears a close resemblance to the a chance to observe good la-nd use prac- 1964planstoaid in the alleviation ol tices and efficient management of forests, rural poverty and distress. grasslands, and recreational and wildlife Case studies of12 projectsillustrate areas. The projects are proving groundsthe wide diversity of land use problems for social, economic, and educational pro- indifferent regions of the country.- -the grams. past ill-adopted use for agriculture, and The Nation was made aware that poorthe shift to use for parks, wildlife refuges1 agricultural land should not be allowed toforest, and grasslands. How better usage suffer from misuse, or to absorb the un-has been brought about is shown by de- employed duringdepressions.The landscriptionof improvement and manage- utilizatiorprogram helped reverse U.S.ment.
vi THE LAND UTILIZATION PROGRAM,1934 TO 1964 Origin, Development, and Present Status
by H. H. Woo'en, Economic Research Service Resource Development Economics Division1 I. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCTION The nationwide economic depres5ionof placed iragricultural production, thereby the late 1920's and early 193O'sawakened ceasing to be undeveloped public domain. public interest in rural landuse problems Unsettled land, even though not well adapted and policie5. Thousands ofpersons no longer to cultivation, was generaUy considereda able to find work in towns and citiestriedhindrance to full development of the Nation. to make a living by farming. This back-to-But by the 1920's, it was beginning to be the-land movement inten5 ified the problemsrecognized that efforts to develop quickly of established farmers and rarelysolved allland for agriculture without careful the problems of the unemployed fromurbanappraisal of itssuitability for such use centers. Faxm foreclosures multiplied, taxhad led to cultivation of much poor land,or delinquenciesincreased,farm incomesland unsuitable for sustained production of dwindled, and in many areas the landre-crops (2, 2, i&). sources were damaged by drought, floods, One of the most obvious problems in the erosion,poorcultivation practices, and 1920's and 1930's was the damage to natural reglect.itbecame increasingly evidentsoil and water resources from continued that thousands of farm families had longcultivation of unproductive farms, which been living in poverty onpoor land, andwere often eventuaUy abandoned (fig.1). that the depressionand weatherwere merelyIn several areas of the Southern Piedmont aggravating their problems. and Appalachian Regions, for example, the The land utilization program of the 1930's almost continuous cultivation of steep slopes was one of the methods by which the Nation in row crops had resulted in serious ero- attemptedtodeal with these problems. sion, stoppage of stream channels by sedi- This program began as a submarginal landmentation, damage to reservoirs, low crop purchase and development program, butyields, and depletion of large areas of land wasgradually expandedtoincludethe (fig.2). But despite the unsuitability of br )ader aim of transferring land toits much steep hill and mountain land for food rriost suitable use.2 and feed crops, many families remained Public policy and plans seldom springdependent on it for a living (3, 55). full-grown into being, but develop gradually Inthe drierportions of the western as the result of public support of certainGreat Plains, wind erosion damaged not programs and public rejection of others.only cultivated land but the adjoining over- So it was with the land utilizationprogram. grazed pasture, range, and other land as Until the beginning of the 20th century, thewell. Soil particles in the form of dust and sentiment of the country had been that landfinesand, blowr from cultivated fields, had little value until it became settled andfallow land, and overgrazed range during the prolonged drought of 1933-36, covered Mr. Wooten is now retired. and destroyed the crops and sod on nearby 2 Theterm "submarginal Land,as uaed here and land (figs. 3 and 4). Untended fields, held elsewhere in the agricultural field, generally refers under uncertain tenure, contributed heavily to land low in productivity, or otherwise ill-suited for farm crops, which falls below the margin of Underscored numbers in parentheses refer to profitable private culcivadon. Bibliography, p. 64.
1 SCS GA-D5-9 Figure 1.--Partly idle farmland in GreeneCounty, Ga., showing dilapidated houseson land grown to sedge and scattered pine.
-
SCS Md-495 iurc ?.--IJle farm in \Vashirton County,Md. Hftv vcars ago, thiland produced 25 bushels of vhejt per acre. When thepicture was taken, b1uerass grew naturally where srio us. erosion wasnor SCS Kan-535 Figure 3.--Typicai Morton County, Kans., homestead when it was optiond for purchase under the land utiliza-. tion program.
-- - - S - .;:. - -r,_...j - c.r ' *
- -. - -
SCS Okla-350-A Figure 4. --Part of the land utilization purchase area in Cimarron County, Okla. The family that occupied the home was relocated outside the area.
3 to the dust storms. Hereagain, economicgave a great deal of attention to pressure of crop and pasture failuresand lem of areas not clearly the prob the resulting damagesto the land, coupledfarming, generally referredadapted to use for with other influences suchas the earlyginal' or 'submarginal" to as "mar.. homestead laws and their areas had permitted application, which The Committee prepareda report in development of too-small1933 directed primarily tothe concept of farms on semiarid land,caused these con-public acquisition, retention, ditions to develop andgrow worse with the and mánage_ passing years. ment of submarginal land (145).The physica' and economicprinciples governing land The cutover lands in theLake States alsoclassification were outlined. became a center of trouble.These lands, The major ill-suitedto farming, tended to becomeproblems found in submarginalareas were tax delinquent soon after the reviewed, and adjustmentswere recor forests weremended. The need foracquisition of land removed. But the scattered familiesliving by public agencies and on these submarginal landscontinued to for relocation of need roads, schools, and rural families in accordancewith the adapt- other public serv- ability of land to varioususes was outlined. ices, thus requiring publicexpenditures of Principles upon which a public many times the amounts theycontributedprogram might be based wereacquisition in taxes. Many ruralcounties faced heavy set forth. defjcjts In a June 1932 addressat Des Moines, Iowa, President Hoovercited the work of Congress recognized thegrowing needthe National Land Use for action on theproblem of submarginaland stated that the broadPlanning Committee landandprovidedin objective of the theAgricuJturalstudy of land use problemswas to promote Marketing Act of June 15,1929, authoriza. the reorganization of tion for the FederalFarm Board to inves- land from unprofitableagriculture to divert tigãte the utilization of landfor agricultural use, and to avoid purposes and the possibility of the cultivation of land thatcontributed to the amount of marginal land inreducingthe poverty of those who livedon it. Early cultivation. in 1933, President Hooverasked Congress This was the beginningof an increasingly to serious study of the land problem implement Secretary ofAgriculture in America Hyde's recommendation thatthe Govern- and of the steps requiredto bring about ament lease submarginal farmland better adjustment betweenthe use of land and con- and the natural character vertittoother uses--aprogram that of the Nation'sHyde regarded as anemergency effort land resources. Someof the forerunnerswhich could lead to of the land utilizationprogram are de- a program of sys- scribed below. tematic land utilization.
National Conference on LandUtilization National Resources Board A National Planning Boardwas estab- Awareofmountingdistressamonglished in the Public Works farmers, Secretary ofAgriculture Arthurin July 1933. This BoardAdministration M. Hyde arrangeda National Conferenceceeded by the National was in turn suc- on Land Utilization in Chicago,in November Resources Board, 1931. The Conference created by Executive Orderof President adopted a series ofRoosevelt on June 30,1934. The latter resolutions (144), many of whichwere laterBoard took asone of its first tasks the to become the guidelinesfor a Federal landpreparation of a comprehensive program., The conferencewas attended by report on representatives of the U.S. Departments the land and waterresources of the United Agriculture and the Interior, ofStates, in cooperationwith the U.S. De- State agri-partments of Agriculture and theInterior, cultural colleges, farmorganizations, andState planning boards, others interested in landuse problems. agricultural experi- In 1932, a National ment stations, and otherinterested agencies Land Use Planningand individuals (146). Committee, made up ofrepresentatives of Federal bureaus andland-grant colleges, The report, issued by theBoard's Land was created. The organization Planning Committee inDecember 1934, of this Com- suggested that national policiesshould ac- mittee was one of theimportant results tively seek to bring about of the NationalConference on Land Utiliza- ship and land thoselandow.ner_ tion. From the timeof its organization, use patterns found to be the National LandUse Planning Committee clearly intheinterestofthegeneral public welfare, as contrastedwith purely 4 individualorgroup interests.Itinven-of land acquisition, and acquire some 75 toried land resources and estimated future million acres of land, to3upplement the landrequirementsforvarious uses;it assistance to private forestry, and erosion- identified maladjustments in land use and control work already underway. The Board recommended public policies for correcting suggested that the way to begin such a pro- them. It also recommended increasing the gram would be to acquire carefully selected areas in Federal and State forests, publicareas of submarginal land and demonstrate parks, recreation areas, Indian reserva- how it could be used to serve the public. tions, and wildlife refuges. It was recognized that it would, at the same The most significant policy recommenda- time, be necessary to relocate the occupants tion, however, concerned the marginal andor regroup them in suitable areas, taking submarginal land and its occupants. Theinto account the possibilities for employ- BoardrecommendedthattheFederalment afforded by the land utilization proj.. Government carry on a long-term policyects.
FORMATION OF THE LANDUTILIZATION PROGRAM Late in 1.933, a Speci2.l Board of Public expended with the result that the owners remain im- Works with members from several Federal poverished while working them. departments passed a resolution calling for That they shall be lands available for or suit- establishment of a submarginal land pur- able for development as forests, or as parks or chase program by the Government.In recreation spaces, or as grazing ranges, or as bird February 1934, such a program was in- or game refuges or as additions to Indian reserva- stitutedby theAgricultural Adjustment dons or such that their development through planting Administration with $25 million provided of forests and ground cover will serve as a protection from Federal Emergency Relief Adminis- against soil erosion or for other specific public works tration appropriations. This program was and benefits to the people of the United States. to include four types of projects: (1) Agri- That It shall be possible to work out a definite cultural acijustment, (2) Indian land, (3) rec- plan of resettlement or employment of the population reation, and (4) wildlife refuge. With the at present living on such lands so that they may not initial allotment of $25 miUion, supple- become stranded or transient. mented by transfers from Work Relief funds Every project accepted under this program shall to employ labor for development, it was meet the conditions specified in the five points men- proposed to acquire approximately 10 mil- tioned above. The method of operation shall be the lion acres of land located in 45 States. The following: overall purpose of the program was to carry Projects will be presented through any interested out an important land policy function not department, bureau, or section, such as the indian duplicated by any other Federal program. Service, Biological Survey, Relief Administration, or Detailsand requirements of the first otherwise. They will be examined by the several allotment of $25 million for land purchase governmental departments concerned to determine have been summarized as follows (70): whether or not they can be handled in full satisfaction of each of the five points specified above. It is the tntention to turn the land over to a Federal That the lands purchased shallbe such as in gen- Department for its operation for the purpose of which eral to fall under subsection (c) of Section 202 of the it is best adapted--forests, range or park--these in National Industrial Recovery Act in that they shall be charge of Forestry Service, Indian Office, or Park lands of the character heretofore purchased by the State Service, and so on. of New York under the program developed (1928-32) by Governor Roosevelt (President-elect in 1932) for the The Agricultural Adjustment Administration withdrawal of submarginal lands from cultivation. The administration of the agricultural ad- That they shall be lands that in total amountjustment projects, as well as the general balance against the lands, the reclamation or improve- direction of the whole land utilization pro- ment of which has been provided for under the com- gram, was the immediate responsibility of prehensive program of public works on condition that the Land Policy Section of the Agricultural counterbalancing lands be withdrawn from cultivation. Adjustment Administration. The respon- That they shall be lands which are now in culti- sibility for planning, and in specific cases, vation,producing agricultural crops at a rate offor acquiring land for other types of proj- production which the Department of Agriculture speci- ects was assigned as follows: Indian lands fies as submarginal, that is, giving a return that isprojects,theBureau of Indian Affairs, less than is to be properly expected from the labor DepartmentoftheInterior;parks, the 5 National Park Service, Department of thethat had been depleted by years of 1-crop Interior;wildlifeareas,theBureau ofcottonor tobacco farming, the projects BiologicalSurvey,Department of Agri-were intendedtorestore soil fertility, culture. Organized technical direction oftimber, and game. Scattered farms iso- the land retirement funds and programs lated in Lake States forests imposed heavy was to be the joint responsibility of Agri burdens on local governments for services culture and Interior. and facilities; these farms were to be pur- The primary interest of the Agriculturalchased and assistance given the farmers Adjustment Administration was in the orig-to resettle in developed communities. inal purpose of the land program: Retiring Agricultural adjustment projects were to submarginal land from agricultural use,comprise approximately 7 million acres of principally for demonstrational purposes,uneconomic farmland, together with adja and developing it for uses to which it wascent tracts, to be acquired for forestry, bettersuited.Toitwasallotted two-grazing, and other extensive conservational thirds of the $25 million available. Suchuses. Major problems to be attacked were allocationofpublicworks money for(1) damage of soil and water resources, farmland retirement was justified in partforest, and grass cover through erosion tooffsettheeffectof developmentof and the improper use of land; (2) waste land by reclamation projects with pub-of human resources through deperdence of lic works funds. The other agencies in.rural people upon land physically unfit for volvedinthe program were interestedagricultural production; and (3) loss ox fi- primarily in acquiring land for specialnancial resources by State and local govern- purpos es. ments through excessive costs of public L. C. Gray, Director of the Land Policyservices in submarginal areas where tax - Section, Agricultural Adjustment Adminis- returns were too meager or uncertain to tration, wrote (55, 56) that as the landcover the costs. retirement program progressed, it took on Some 1,500,000 acres of marginal farm- increasingly the aspect of a "land-use ad- land weretobe purchased for use by justment" program, because".. .areas wereIndians. Most of this land was to be used placedinpublic ownership which, evenfor grazing. Recreational projects planned though not outstandingly submarginal forunder the supervision of the National Park agriculture, were nevertheless devoted toService were to consist of some 500,000 some use other than that for which theyacres of poor farmland and other unpro- were bestsuited." Henceit was oftenductivetracts located largely within 50 difficult "to reconcile the needs of specifiedmiles of industrial centers, to be developed areas for recreation, wildlife conservation,primarily to provide recreational facilities or Indianrehabilitation withthebasicfor low-income families. These projects planning of a submarginal land retirementvaried in size from small picnic grounds program. .. .'(52). to 10,000-acre preserves. According to Dr. Gray, a project was Approximately 750,000 acres were to be considered worthwhile when it could beincluded in migratory waterfowl and other satisfactorily shown "that public acquisitionwildlife projects. They were largely areas of lands in the selected area, coupled withthat could be partly flooded and used as resettlement of the present residents onresting and breeding areas for migratory better land, will provide an effective demon- waterfowl. stration of one means whereby these prob- lems can be solved." Project Planning and Development In the Plains States, where by far the largest acreage was to be purchased, the Procedure followed in carrying out the purpose of the land program was to, seeland-acquisition program was outlined in a that semiarid land used for wheat or otherreport to the U.S. Senate from the Secretary arable farming was used for grazing in-of Agriculture (152): stead. This involved both increasing the The inidal step in the selection of a project is the size of farms and resettling low-income definition of a 'problem" area--that isan area in families where they would not be dependent which the conditions of land use demand readjustment. upon arid land unfit for cultivated agricul- To facilitate the defthition of such "problem" areas, ture. land use specialists attached to the regional offices Land purchased in the Northeast was to cooperate closely with the agricultural experiment be converted to forests, game refuges, and station in each of the States as well as with State recreational areas. In the South, on land planning boards, State conservation commissions, and
6 otheragencies concerned with land.Before final distressed rural people. But as the program decision on the development of a project Is made, the developed the emphasis changed somewhat, present economic status of the occupants of the land, and much of the acreage optioned for pur- the condition of the soil and native vegetation, In- chase included partsof large tracts and cluding forest resources, and the need of the land for landadjacentto or within farm areas, public purposes must be considered. With the ultimate which no one had ever cultivated, although use of the land In mind, It Is necessary to explore much of it was forest or had been used for its relationship to nearby towns and cities, to local grazing. To some degree, these changes opinion, and to the attitude of various State officialinobjective reflected limitations placed agencies. Special consideration Is given to the cost on the use of funds madeavailable for of the land and to the possthlllty of relieving unem-thisprogram by the Congressand the ployment by the development work on such a project. executive departments. After it Is decided to proceed, the boundaries of the Problem Land Area Classification project are carefully defined and proposals to sell land withinthepurchase area are secured. The At the outset of the program there was solicitors of the proposals are instructed as to the the need to find the extent and location of probable values of the various properties. After apoor farmland. Much information wasavail- sufficient number of proposals have been obtained to able from previous research. For 10 years Insure that the project can be completed, the individual or more, the Bureau of Agricultural Eco- tracts are appraised by expert appraisers, and thenomics and cooperating Federal and State owners are then asked to sign a formal offer to sell agencies had been studying rural land use land to the Federal government on the basis of theproblems and the means for their solution. appraised value. When a sufficient number of such In the course of their studies, they had formal offers are available, they are submitted toassembled and analyzed valuable data on the Washington office for acceptance. land uses, productivity classes, values, and It is then necessary to determine whether the title requirements. The findings were used in a is sufficiently clear to permit the transfer of the land map, "Natural Land Use Areas," byCarleton to the United States In fee simple. This process has P. Barnes and Francis J. Marschner(111. been found to require a considerable period of time. In1932, the Bureau of Chemistry and The Federal Government has never before undertaken Soils,at the suggestion of the National to acquire so large an amount of land in so short a Conference on Land Utilization, undertook period, and the volume of work involved has placeda nationwide classification ofland accord- an unusual burden on the various administrative ing to its physical adaptability for various agencies affected. Three major departments of the uses. This was the first productivityclassi- Federal Government are concerned: Namely, the De- ficationundertaken on a national scale partment of Justice, the Comptroller General, and the (144, 145). Treasury Department. The Department of Justice Each soil type, in counties for which must be satisfied that the title is free from defects. soil surveys were available, was classified The Comptroller General must be satisfied that the into10 grades. These ranged from the authority at law exists for the acquisition of each best to the poorest, as judged by the adapt- tract, that the money is being spent for a titlethat ability of the soil in its natural condition, is free from serious defects, and that the various withoutimprovementorseriousim- reservations such as mineral reservations which may poverishment, to the kinds of crops grown have been stipulated In each transaction not only are in the area. For the main crops thatcould legally justified, but also are consonant with the pur- feasibly be grown on each soil type, the pose of each project and the interests of the United soil type was rated in comparison with the States. Such requirements have naturally caused con- type physically best adapted to the given siderable periods of delay in payment. crop. The general rating for aparticular land type was obtained by combining the From the beginning of the program, landratingà for individual crops according to acquisition was based on voluntary sales.relative acreage. Eventually, the areas in Standard procedures were used in esti-each productivity class were determined. mating the value of land offered for sale, The poorer grades of land were found to optioning land, clearing titles, and closingcomprise about 22 percent of the land in sales. Experienced local and State peoplefarms. They naturally contributed propor- were assigned to this work. Condemnationtionately much less to the total production was resorted to only where necessaryfor than a corresponding acreage of goodland. title clearance and related legal purposes. In addition to the information available In its earlier stages, the land programfrom these earlier studies, a current statis- was intended as a demonstration tohelptical picture of the land in thedifferent 7 land use problemareas was needed. In 1934, TABLE 1. --Number of farns c1asSjfI as Unsuitable landplanningspecialists in each Cor amble farming, and acreage ofcroplan, State, soils technicians,geographers, and pasture, and other lard economists, working with the Bureau of Agricultural Economics and the National Acreage Percentage of U.S. Resources Board in cooperation withother Land use unsuitable State and Federal agencies, classifiedland Cor arabletota.1 for in each of the 30,000 towrshxpsor corre- fa1ng specified sponding minor civil divisions of the Nation items according to land use problemsand de- sirable adjustments. Mumber Percent In the classification, particularattention Farms was paid to the adaptability of thatpart of 454,200 7.2 thearea employed for cultivation. Soil 1,000 surveys were used for the classification acres when available; rating wason the basis of Cropland: 4.9 judgment for areas notcovered by soil Harvested 16,590 4.0 surveys. Not harvested or Data by minor civil divisions pastured 3,573 0.9 available from the 1930census were then tabulated and the poorerareas identified Tot aJ. 20,163 with the help of localpeople informed on Pasture (gra.ss1ar) 34,884 9.2 land quality and othercharacteristics. The Wood1arand other land in procedure was rough, but provideda quick farms 20,298 10.4 means of determining in a generalway the extent and geographic location ofthe poor Total area1 75,345 7.6 land used for agriculture,a basic need in planning a land use adjustment 1 program. 1re than 1/3 of the total acreagewas In the Soil survey maps and landclassificationwestern Great Plains, nre than 1/4 In the South, havesubstantiallyimprovedsince the about 1/8 in the Northeast arxt the Lake States l930's. cutover region, arthe remaining 1/4 in other A United States map (fig. 5)showing these regions of the country. land use problem area classifications was Source: (146, 147.) published in the National ResourcesBoard Land Planning CommitteeReport of De- cember 1934 (146). in the Great Plains, the Southeast,and the Estimates madeinthisbrief surveyGreat Lakes Regions. Thephysical and showed that therewere probably 454,000economic factorsthat led to unsuitable or more farms in the problemareas thatland use varied greatly fromplace to place were on land too poor to providea living for their operators through and in relative importance. Themore im- crop farming. portant of these factors in the l920'sand These farms covered about 75million acres, 1930's were: of which about Z0 millionacres were in Inadequate understanding of the char- cropland, 35 million in pastureand range, acter and productive capacity of theland; and 20 million in forest (table1). Stimulusof The total value of thesevery poor farms exceptional prices for wasestimated at about $682 million certain products at times of high demand; 1934. It was estimated in Availability of lowpriced landas a that the total valuemeans of subsistence to those withoutre- of production on these farmsin 1929 was sources, information, or inclination to live $204 million. A largeproportion of this-- elsewhere; 45 percent--was consumedon the farm, and 55 percent was sold. Shifts in comparativeadvantage These percentages,through settlement of newandmore produc.. compared with those for all farms,showed tiveareas, that the farmsin the extremely poor farm- and through development of ing areas produced fewer mechanized production; and crops for sale than Shifts in comparativeadvantage the farms ofaverage and above_average through damage of land by erosion. quality rn the countryas a whole (146). Areas where crop farmingneeded to be replaced by less intensiveuses (grazing, Transfer to ResettlementAdministration forests, recreation, andwildlife protection) were widespread, but Thus, in 1934 and 1935,a new Federal were found chieflyland use adjustmentprogram was planned,
8 AREAS IN WHICH FARM PROSLEMS APPEAR Yo WARRANT ENCOURAGEMENTOFA CHANGE FROM CROP FARMING 10 STOCK RANCHING OR1D FORESTRY OR OTHER CONSERVATIONALUSE FOR AU. THE LAND ON SOME FARMS ORON ALLTHC FARMS IN SOMELOCALITIE5 *
IIAJO USt1CPLACt CAOPFAAING ON SOMC FI.AMS OON FAAS IN SOMt t.00ALI1I(S -Stock ,.nchinp ooMr1'ziflf Stock ,wnthin. .M.rr.t.fl9. ond/Ot fo,ai'ry
Figure 5.--From National Resources Board, Supplementary Reportof the Land Planning Committee. Vol. L, Pt. 6, Sec. 1, p.1. involving the purchase of 20,552,000acres located and of such character that they mayserve to a at anestimated cost of $104 million. At maximum degree the principal centers of population, this time, negotiationswere in progress for particulariy those classes of the urban population acquisition of 9 million acres of landon which are not In a position to travel far to enjoyop- Z06 of the Z50projects that had been pro- portunities for outdoor recreation. The program em- posed. bodies an extensive process of reforestation, which Administrative responsibility for allProj wiil supplement materially the programs of the Fed- ects was not yet fixed, however.Workjng eral Forest Service, and the States. It is checkingor u.riderthePublicWorks Adminjstratjon grants,the preventing erosion on millions of acres, and providing Land Policy Section of the methods of land use which will conserve soilre- Agricultural Adjistment Administration,the sources. The program Ia allowing many thousand8 of National Park Service, the Bireauof Bio families to escape from iocations where it is impos- logical Survey, and theBureau of Indian sible to maintain a decent standard of living, and is Affairs were responsible forselecting and planning bringing relief to many thousands of other families by theprojectsand optioning the providing empioyment in the development of the lands land. The FederalEmergency Relief Ad being acquired. ministration managed financial andlega1 In December 1935, a separate matters and had theresponsibility for re of Riral Resettlement Division settling families under its was set ip in the DivisionofRura1 Resettlement Administration tocare for Rehabilitation. This separation ofre8pon families whose land was pirchased.In this sibilities, the fact that the FederalErner connection,the gency Relief Administration and the Stat Subsistence Homesteads Riral e Division of the Department of theInterior, Rehabilitation Corporationswere whose program included theresettlement falling behind in providingassistance inof families, was transferred tothe Re- relocationand employmentof familiessettlement Administration. whose land was purchased, andthe with- drawal for drought relief ofa sibstantjal portion of the funds allotted to theprogram,Resettlement Program brought on many difficulties earlyin 1935. On May 1, 1935, a changecame with the Resettlement of families was anecessary transfer of responsibility for the landutili-corollary of and supplement to landpur- zation program, including thecompletion of the 206 land utilization chase and retirement in order tohasten projects alreadyadjustments in land use and to improvethe begun, to the ResettlementAdministration,well-being of the displaced families. established by Execitive Order, andtrans-L. C. Gray put it (53), "A As ferred tothe Department of Agriculture, marginal land in December 1936. program without an associated program of resettlement would be largely futile;a pro- The Resettlement Administrationwas to gram for establishing new communitiesor complete the work begunby the Agriculturalholdings unrelated to a larplanning and Adjustment Administration and itscooper- land adjustment program would be ating agencies. For thispurpose, it was ingless.hI mean- given an initial allotment ofsome $48 mil- Most families occupying purchased lion,supplemented by $18 million fromwere obliged to resettle elsewhere. Be-land Work Relief funds to employlabor for causetheland they owned was usually development. Within theagency, all landpoor and the market value consequently purchase and land use planning workwas assumed by the Land Utilization Division. low, and because mortgage debts andtaxes Of the land utilization due had to be paid beforea sale could be program, the Re- consummated, the proceeds from saleswere settlement Administration reported (153): usually insufficient to enable the families The program of land use adjustment is themost toreestablish themselvessatisfactorily extensive one yet undertaken by the Federal Govern- without assistance. Without help,it was ment for the acquisition of lands now in private likely that they would purchasepoor land, ownership,itis the only program motivated pri-again drift into poverty, andrepeat the marily by the aim of empioylng public land acquisition cycle of ownership, debt, losses,failure, as a means of implementing a comprehensivepro- and public relief. gram of land use planning In the interests of the The selection of good landon which to generai welfare. It includes the most comprehensive resettle people was essential. Also, farm8 provision for wiiclllfe conservation that has ever before needed to be of sufficient size toprovide been made for the first adequate incomes. This phase ofthe land dme, a well-pianneci system of recreationai areasso program was of vital importance.
10 LAND UTILIZATION AND RESETTLEMENT PROJECTS
ECONOMIC RESEARCH SERVICE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NEG. ERS 33564 (II)
Ftgure 6
Projects Established and Land Acquired, TABLE 2. --Lani utilization projectsplanned and 1934-37 approved for acquisition, by type, June30, 1937 land In the 4 years ended June 30, 1937, Number Land to had been purchased or approved for pur- Type of project of be chase for 98 agricultural adjustment proj- projects purchased ects, 30 Indian land projects, 3Z migratory waterfowlprojects,aid 46 recreational 1,000 projects. Of the total of 9,149,000 acres, umber acres purchase had been completed on5,478,Z16 and prob- AgriculturaladjUstflflt.... 98 6,806 acres. Changes in project plans RecreatioflalL 1.6 1.02 len-is of title clearance were partly respon- NildlifeL 32 723 sible for the time required for completion I ndianL 30 1,21$ of purchase. Figure 6 and table Z show the 'ocation and types of the Z06 land utiliza- Total 2206 29,11.9 tion projects and the resettlement projects. major Projects transferred to jurisdictionof the The figure and table illustrate the Z Department of the Interior byExecutive Orders 1936 activities__acquisition of land and resettle- to 1938. mnent of rural families from submarginal 2Figures on final acquisitionsthrough 191.6 are 1.and. given in table 1., p. 18. Many projects initiated during this phase Source: Annual Report of AininiStrator,Resett].e- of the program were best adapted to admin- rnent Adsnjrl.istration, 1936-37 istrationby agenciesotherthanthose
II responsible for setting them up. By Septerri- Thirty-five of the projects, generally ber 1, 1937, approximately a million acres small to moderate in size, but includinga had been transferred to other agencies re- few large projects, were in the badlyerodecj, sponsible for administering parks, wildlifepoor farmland, and cutover areas of the programs, and other resource uses. southern States from Virginia to Arkansas The 98 agricultural adjustment projectsand Louisiana. Improper farm practiceá, that were started in 1934-37 may be divided cultivation of land of low productivity, land into 4 land use groups. Although differenttoo steep or too dry for production of culti.. from each other in many respects, the proj- vatedcrops, small farms, and a fairly ects within these groups had in the 1930's, dense, low-income population dependent and still have, several common problems upon the land, made adjustments in use and relating to use and occupancy of land: conservationof land and relocation and (1) Eighteen of these projects, many ofrehabilitationofpopulationdifficultto them small, were located in the northeasternachieve. States and southern portions of the Corn Twenty-six moderate to large proj Belt in hilly areas of poor soil, gradualects,formed before1938, were in the farm abandonment, stranded families, andNortherr Plains and the Southwest, and 9 burdensome public costs for maintenanceprojects were in the Central Mountain and of roads, schools,andother public services. Pacific States. Insufficient rainfall, lowpro- (Z) Ten oftheprojects,generally ofduction, and small private holdings--gen- moderate size, were located in the isolated erally too small for either cropsor live- andthinlysettled areas of the cutover stock farming and interspersed with public regions of the Lake States. The poor soilslands--were common problems in these and isolation contributed to low incomes,projects. A basic problem in many areas low standardsof living, and inadequate was the need to adjust the use of rangeland public services, often at high costs, for theto its grazirg capacity, and to provide for scattered rural residents. its restoration and conservation.
CHANGE OF STATUS OF THE PROGRAMUNDER THE BANKBEAD-JONES FARM TENANT ACT A more permanent status for the land Isolated Settler Projects: Purchase of utilization program was provided with thescattered farms on submarginal land to passage of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenantpermit the effectuation of certain economies Act in 1937. Under Title Ill, the Secretary inpublicadministration and adjustment of Agriculture was directed "to developa to some better adapted use such as forestry, program of landconservation and landgame conservation, grazing, recreation, or utilization, including the retirement of landsa combination of such uses. which are submarginal or riot primarily Water Conservation Projects: Purchase suitable for cultivation in order therebyof land and construction of water develop- to correct maladjustments in land use.'4 ments in areas where the conservation of Land to be acquired was limited to poorwater is essential to proper land use. land used in agriculture, except that inter- Under the broad powers of Title III, the vening or adjoining land could be purchased reestablishment of a large-scale Federal in order to allow efficient conservation andacquisition program was possible. Section use of the area as a whole.rrangements 34 provided that: had already been made for transferof To carry out the provisions of this title, there is Indian, recreational, and wildlife projects authorized to be appropriated not to exceed $10,000,000 to other agencies, and no more landwas for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1938, and not to to be acquired for these purposes. exceed $20,000,000 for each of the two fiscal years The projects authorized were defined in thereafter. 3 major groups: Actually, the funds appropriated did not Agricultural Projects: Purchase and im- equal the authorization and thus the pro- provement of land which is submarginal ingram fell short of the original intent. Ten its present use as a means of developingmillior dollars was made available for the an ecoromically sound patterr of larduse first year, but in the following years the for a maximum rumber of families. appropriatior was cut to $5 million. Approximately 80 percent of the money 4Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act,Public Law, available in the first year was allotted for No. 210, 75th Cong., 1st Sess., July 22, 1937. land purchase ir the Great Plainsarea for 12 I,
projects planned and options taken duringand Indian grazing projects had been trans- the Z preceding years, and about ZO percent ferred to cooperating Federal. agencies for was allotted for blocking in existing proj- management in these special uses (table 3). ects in other parts of the country and corn- Acquisition of sorre of this land had not been pletingprojects already started. Nearlycorrpleted, but commitments had been made all new projects were similar to the agri-for its purchase. A few of the agricultural culturaladjustmentprojects establishedadjustment projects were consolidated and prior to fiscal year 1938. some transferred to other agencies, re- In the year ending June30, 1938, theducing the number from 145 (table 3), to acquisition of,464,673 acres was com- 1Z8 (fig. 7). pleted by clearance of titles and payments for land. This brought the total actually bought and paid for since the beginning of Transfer to Soil Conservation Service the land utilization program to 7,94Z,889 acres. In addition, plans were approved In October 1938, submarginal land ac- for acquisition of Z,19Z,74Z acres at anquis ition,development,and management estimated cost of $8, 11 1,540approximatelyfunctions provided for under Title III were $3.70 an acre. By far the largest acreagetransferred by the Secretary of Agriculture planned for purchase was in the northernto the Soil Conservation Service, to be ad- and southern plains. ministered as a part of its program for conservation and improved use of agri- cultural land.6 Land use adjustment proj Assignment to the Bureau of Agricultural ectsthat in 1937 had been placed under Economics the administration of the Bureau of Agri- cultural Economics were also assigned to Secretary's Memorandum No. 733, of the Soil Conservation Service. September 1, 1937, provided for the transfer Land that had been acquired in coopera- of the land utilizationprogram,as continuedtion with other Federal agencies--Bureau and revised by Title III of the Bankhead-of Indian Affairs, National Park Service, Jones Farm Tenant Act, from the Farmand Bureau of Biological Survey (now the Security Administration5 to the Bureau ofFish and Wildlife Service)- -was virtually Agricultural Economics "as rapidly as mayall transferred to these agencies by October be administratively feasible." 1938. Transfers of a number of projects to Since the Farm Security Administrationother Federal and State agencies had already had an existing organization for land pur-been made by this date. This left the Soil chase and development, it seemed desirableConservation Service responsible for ad- to allow the transfer of the program toministration of some 7.1 million acres of take place gradually. Memoranda of under- land in 105 projects, developed mainly as standing outlined the responsibilities of the agricultural land use adjustment projects. Z agencies in conduct of the program from Approved project plans for acquisition of September 1, 1937, to July 1, 1938, including about 2 million acres, chiefly inthe Great administration and acquisition of land, andPlains States under the new authority of relocation of families on old projects andTitleIII, also were transferred. A con- assistancetofamilieson new projectssiderable number of options on land had established under Title III. already been taken. Part of this land was In this connection, the Bureau was as-for enlargement of projects started before signed administrative responsibility for3 1937. Consolidation of projects in the in- projectsinvolving an area of 8,14Z,666terest of more efficient management later acres. This included5 projects scheduled reduced the number of projects in the in- for transfer as of June 30, 1938, to otherventory of938. agencies. By June 30,1938, a total of Z,147,000 acres in recreational, wildlife, Land Acquired Under Title III of the Act The Farm Security Administration was formed September 1,1937, as successor to the Resettle- In the eastern, southern, and midwestern ment Administration, to administer TitlesI and 11 regions, the land acquisition program under and related sections of Title IV of the Act authorizing Title III of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant resettlement aid to farmers in submarginal areas, and farm loans for purchase of farms by tenant Secretary of Agricultur&s Memorandum No. 785, farmers. October 16, 1938.
13 TABLE 3 --Status of land utilization projects1anned and approved for acquisitionJune 30, 1938
Reassigned or to Remaining under Item be reassigned to program agency for Total other agencies administration
ProjectsAcreage ProjectsAcreage ProjectsAcreage Projects Established as of June 30, 1937, 1,000 1,000 under Pnergency Acts of 1933-35: 1,000 Number acres Number acres Number acres Agricultural adjustment o 0 98 6,80? 98 6,80? Indian land 23 934 7 284 30 1,218 Recreational 46 401 a 0 46 401 Vildlif'e 32 723 0 0 32 723 Total 101 2,058 105 7,091 206 9,149 Projects Established as of June 30, 1938, under Title 111:2
Agricultural and other 6 89 41 2,10.4 47 2,193 Grand total 107 2,147 146 9,195 253 11,342 25 projects, including 597,909 acres, were scheduled for transfer. Deduction ofthese projects would reduce the number of original projects under the administering agency to 80 projects acres. comprising 6,492,875 2 Title III ofthe Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act of July 17, 1937. Includes acreage in new projects and the additions to old or original projects. Therehad been 5 con- solidations of nearby projects and discontinuance of 2 projects, which reduced thenumber of projects from the total reported earlier for old and new projects.
Sources: Compiled from annual reports and records on the land utilization program by theBureau of Agricultural Economics and the Resettlement Administration, 1936 to 1938. The figures in partare approxi- mations since chronological records are not always uniform, are sometimes incomplete, andare of different annual dates.
Act was directed to a large extent towardfor which commitments were made under the completing projects established before theoriginal program after the transfer in 1938. passage of the Act. However, in the West,Acquisition had ceased by 1943, except for chiefly in the Great Plains, several largesmall areas in process of acquisition for new projects were started as well as largeblocking in existing areas. additions being made to old projects. Ownership and occupancy data on tracts The practice in the east, south, and mid- purchased under Title 111 show the follow- west was to have more and smaller projects; ing breakdown of ownership at time ofpur- farther west there was a tendency to con- chase: centrate on acquiring larger areas and enlarging established projects. One reason Percent for this was that submarginal landswere acquired in the west mainly for conserva- Individuals 76.1 tion purposes, including the restoration to Estates, trustees, or guardians io.o grassland of cropland unsuited to cultiva- Commercial banks 1.5 tion. In other areas, the acquisition pro- Federal and joint stock land banks 4.1 gram was directed more toward the estab- Insurance companies 0.9 lishmentofdemonstrational and other Other corporations 37 multiple-use areas. County and State Governments 37 Through February 1943, 2,439,511 acres were acquired under the new authorization The percentage of tracts occupied by in Title III. In all, about 2.6 millionacres,owners was14.5, and ranged from 6.7 orabout22percentofthetotal landpercent in the Southern Plains Region to utilization project acreage, were acquired35.2 percent in the Northeastern Region. under this authority. In addition, title clear- Tenants occupied 13.8 percent of all tracts, ance was completed under the Soil Con- and showed the greatest percentage in the servation Service for about a millionacres Southeastern and South Central Regions,
14 LOCATION OF AREAS WHERE LAND WAS ACQUIRED UNDER THE LAND UTILIZATIONPROGRAM
I...... ( / \\\ L: ____j I - V ,! _,.--._k .
AG1ICULTUIAI.. ADJUSTMENT P1OJECT AlIAS WNUI LAND WAS ACQUIRID FISCAL TEAlS 3$ TO 42
U. L OPATMNT O AGICULTUa N@. US 31U-U(IO)ECONOMIC ESEAaCN uavi
Figure 7 and the smallest in the Mountain and Pacific the land was located. Out-of-State owner- Regions. Squatters occupied only 0.7 percent ship was relativelylowinthe 3 of all tracts (170). easternregions,andrelatively high in Owners of 30 percent of the purchased thenorthernplains andthe south- tracts resided outside the State in which west.
LAND UTILIZATION RESEARCH
Background Studies cropland acreages and to determine the relation to acreage requirements of such Many of the basic ideas of the land utili-factors as population trends and changes zation program grew out of research workin production techniques, consumption, and in the Bureau of Agricultural Economics,foreign trade was done by 0. E. Baker (9, the Forest Service, the Bureau of Chem- 10). Similar work was done by the Forest istry and Soils, and a number of StateService in estimating prospective require- agricultural experiment stations and uni- ments for forest products. versities. The average acreage requirements for harvested crops used for domestic con- Cropland Requirements surnption and export in 1930-32, including Research in the 1920's and 1930'sto maintenance of draft animals, were esti- furnish estimates of current and prospective mated to be only about 15 million acres
15 less than the average of 352 millionre-and other Lake States quiredin a period of general (15, 66). InWisconsin prosperity; most of this there was the ruralzoning program to reduced exports. difference was duewas a foreruniier of land which the amotjjt of Measured in terms ofand a necessaryfoundationclassification, for the reduction necessaryto ab b utilization program. This land accumulated carryoversquickly, and totiate needed action. work helped i.. restore a price parity inthe early 1930's, cropland harvested inl9303was estj.. mated to greatlyexceed normal Studies of LandClassification and ments, possibly by require.. Values as much as 50 to 60 In addition to the million acres. In 193,361 million growing recognitionof of cropland acresthe existence ofsubmarginal land and were harvested. In 1933,largelyslums, therewere rural as a result of pro- significant attackson grams, the acreage ofcrops had dropped the problem of landvalues. One wasa study 30 million, to 331million acres. of sales pricesas a basis for farmland For use in planning appraisal undertaken in1922 crop_acreage..co0 land purchaseand other was a study of (60). The progras, the Land the relation ofincome Planning Committeeof the National to land value (21).These 2 studies sources Board projected Re- useful in understanding were acreage needs ofductivity, and relatedland valuation,pro- crops harvested in thefuture for domesticin the l920's and economic questions consumption arid exportsas follows (146): in land classification,l930's. Significantwork and land utilization types of farming, Million acres Northern Great Plainsanalysis was done inthe Wilson and associates,Region by M. L. 1940 351 Montana State Agri- 1950 cultural College (171). 372 Many settlers in the 1960 380 lacked the backgroundwestern Great Plains judge and experienceto theadaptabilityof land forcrop State and LocalLand Use Surveys farming or to followthe dryfarmingprac- ticesthat would workmost efficiently in Another type of the semiarid regions.In a 1923 studyof intensive qualitatjvresearch consistedofland use and local surveys toanalyze the Trianglesettlement on 550 farmsof and appraiseproblens associated area, north-centralMontana Poor-quality farmland. with (171), personsclassified as farmers Examples are the 58 farm homesteadsin a typical on economic studies inregional,State, and listed some township local areas madeby the Divisionof Lan unusual formeroccupations Economics, Bureau of d There were 2 deepsea divers, 6 musicians, nornics, in cooperationAgricultura' Eco 2butchers,2milliners, 2 drayrnen, Anong the importantwith various States wrestlers, z blacksmiths, 2 early studieswere 2 schoolteachers, those by John D.Black, University 2 physicians, and 1bartender. Minnesota; George of An out3tanding study S. Wehrwejn, University in selected of 6 communities of Wisconsin;Gladwan T. Young, counties of differentregion3 University; and Purdue was made in 1940 and David Weeks,Universityf 1941. Resultswere California published as separatebulletins in 1942 and There were also the 1943 underthe general titlesof "Con-. utilization and early studies of land temporary Culture of settlement by theDivision Rural Communities.ti of Land Economics,Bureau of AgrjcuJtr The study includedcowities representative Economics. Thesestudies had animportan1 of thelower Piedmontof Georgia and part in laying the twestern Kansas, bothof which had land use by foundation for improvedveloped great de- some 30 or more State,re- 169). Land utilizationagricultura' instability(j, gional, and localland utilization,settle.. projects were later ment, and landacquisition projects fromestablished in each of theseareas. 1919 to1939. Moremen were influential and helpfuj in the gram than can bedevelopment of thepro- space. named in a limited Research as a Part ofProject Planning The problems and Development development created by land sales and of poorly adaptedcutover The project formation farms receivedearly attention inMinnesota phase of the larrd utilization programwas carried out withthe 16 help of continuing studies of specific land Station, 1932- 34, in clas sifying and mapping use problems and the means for their solu- land use, soils, slope, erosion, and other tion. Res earch in land utilization during this physical and economic factors marked one period became less academic and of greaterof the beginning stages in land capability practical use and importance. This changedclassification. The forest land inventories emphasis brought the researchers face tomade in 1932-34 by A. R. Spillers, W. E. face with both opportunities and perils, as is Bond, and others of the Forest Service apparent from a review of the many publi- under the leadership of I. F. Eldridge like- cationson land classification, economicwise aided in the refinement of timber re- area analysis, rural development, and landsources surveys, then in the initial stages use planning that resulted (51, 118). in the southern States. In all, some 500 or more such studies Other examples of research basic to the were made in the period 1933-42. Manyprogram werethestudiesof the Lake landclassification and othereconomic State8 cutover region, in cooperation with studies made by the Bureau of Agricultural the universities and agricultural experi- Economics, the Resettlement Administra- ment stations of Michigan, Minnesota, and tion, and other Federal and State agenciesWisconsin; and various investigationsin served as a basis for developing detailedIndiana, Missouri, the Great Plains (includ- plans and proposals for projects. An ex- ing Montana)fr California, and other western ample is the land use survey conducted byStates. Among the projects resulting from the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, theprior research were those in New York, Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, and the New England, Georgia, Minnesota, Michigan, Forest Serviceincooperation with the Wisconsinfr Indiana, South Dakota, Kansas, Georgia Agricultural Experiment StationMontana, and New York. This list is only in 1932-34 (67). Data and maps assembledpartial, because complete records of project in this survey were basic to the selectionplanning and selection for all States are not and planning of 6 land utilization projects available. in Georgia in the years 1934-38--Piedmont, A few States had started buying poor, NortheastGeorgia,CoastalFlatwoods, unused, and abandoned farmland and con- Lakeland Flatwoods, North Central Georgia,vertingitto forest, recreation, wil.dlife, Limestone Valleys, and Uplands. In addi- and conservation uses. Other States had tion, data from this survey were used in theprojects for setting aside State-owned tand planning and development of 4 recreationalfor parks, wildlife refuges, and forests. and park.projects in Georgia. Among these States were New York, Indiana, Land classificationsand forest maps Ohio, Pennsylvania, California, Michigan, were made on the basis of field work for and Wisconsin. 4 counties in Georgia (Jasper, Jones, Madi- The emphasis in the program onimprov- son, and Putnam), and for sample blocksing the general pattern of land use and of and strips in other counties. Methods de- life in rural areas required determination veloped were used in the extension of suchof where and how the pattern might be im- w(rk to other areas. Soil-survey maps andproved. Here again, preliminary research air photographs were available for part ofwas required for the better orientation of the 4-county area, and were used as a base later, more intensive land use adjustment for recording field observations. work. Land use surveys, made with the The procedures developed by Glen L. cooperation of local committees and offi- Fuller, W. T. Fullilove, A. H. Hasty, andcials, aided in the selection of suitable other associates of the Bureau of Chemistryland areas for land purchase projects and andSoilsandtheGeorgia Experimentin plans for development and use.
EXTENT AND COST OF LAND ACQUISITION AND PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
Land Acquisition Slightly over 2.6 million acres were ac- quired directly under Title III of the Bank- Acreage acquired under the land utiliza- head-Jones Farm Tenant Act at a cost of tion program from 1933 to1946 totaled $11.1 million, and nearly 8.7 million acres 11,299,000 acres (table 4). This includedunder preceding authority at a cost of about over 37,000 individual properties. $36.4 million (table 5). Total cost, exclusive
17 TABLE 4. --Number of acres and percentages of land The policy of acquiring land by voltary acquired, fiscal years i935-46 sale was continued throughout the program. Friendly condemnations and court actIons Anunt2 Percentage of total were required to clear only a limited niirri- Fiscal year1 ber of land titles, and were not used as a means of forcing owners to sell. 1.000 acres Percent
1935. 368 3.2 1936 1,374 12.2 Project Development 1937 3,736 33.1 1938 2,465 21.8 1939 652 5.8 Land improvementanddevelopment 1940 1,467 13.0 included general land treatment, structural 1941 822 7.3 1942 267 2.4 improvements, provision of transportation 1943 127 1.1 facilities, control of erosion, 1ood control, 1944 15 0.1 water storage, and development for forestry, 1945 5 (4) (4) recreation,andwildlife.Buildingsand 1946 1 fences were removed; old roads no longer needed were blocked up; new roads were Total 11,299 100.0 built where needed; suitable areas were There was nearly always a lag between the year seeded to grass or planted in trees; forest that land was optioned and the year it was purchased stands were improved and protected from and the case closed. Reporting time differed in 1942 fire; gullies were stopped; terraces, stock and 1943 from that in other years. 2Limited to lari for which title clearanceas ponds, and dams were built; and stream completed az the case closed. channels were widened and cleaned. (See Acreages acquired by Federal, State, and other appendixC.)All of this work required agencies, with related information on their use and much labor and equipment. management, are shown in appendix A, which explains Virtually all of the development work differences in number az size of projects that appeared in various aimual reports on the land pro- was accomplished with labor from the gram, 1934-63. vicinity of each project; a large number ' Less than 0.1 percent. of workers were furnished by the Works ProgressAdministration.Many ofthe Sources: Annual Reports of the Chief, Soil Conser- workers had to be trained as they worked. vation Service, 1935-46. As these men acquired skills, many were able to find private employment (130, 153, of public domain and of appraising, nego- 156). Employment was provided in the first tiating,andtitleclearance, was$47.5 few years for 50,000 or more workers on million, or an average of about $4.40 perrelief, and for13,000 men whose farms acre for the land purchased. had been purchased. By June 1939, $67 Land value accounted for over three-million had been spent from relief allot- fourths of the cost and, as was to be ex-ments for land improvement and develop- pected, was the largest single cost item inment, plus about $5 million from public each region of the country. Value of im- works funds. provements accounted for less than one- Additional development costs, up to the fifth of the cost, and merchantable timbertime of transfer of all remaining projects and minerals for the remainder, or aboutto regular Federal and State public land 5 percent. Average cost per acre was high- management agencies in 1954, are estimated est in the Upper Mississippi Valley andto have been approximately $30 million, lowest in the Pacific Northwest. making a total development cost of $IOZ.5 The total acreage included about 480,000million. With the purchase cost of $47.5 acres of public domain land, which wasmillion, this brought the total cost to $150 transferredto projects for the purpose million, or about $13.50 per acre. of blocking in their areas. These transfers Field, regional, and Washington staffs were not included in calculating the averagewere employed to carry on all phases of cost per acre for the total area acquired. the program, and considerable sums were Between 1943 and 1946, 148,000 acrespaid for office rental, transportation and were acquired. This land had been optioned travel, equipment, supplies, salaries, and before 1943, but final acquisition was de-other items. These administrative costs of layed by title clearance problems and other the agencies guiding the program could not factors. be allocated among the various activities.
18 TABLE 5.- -Acreages and cost of land acquired under theland utilization program, 1935-46
Number of Total cost Type of program Acreage cases or acquired of land tracts purchased
umber 1,000 acres 1,000 dollars Original or emergency program 1935-37 27,199 8,676 36,382 4ew or Title III progran 1938-46 10,147 2,623 11,075 Total 1935-46 37,346 11,299 2 Final reports on land acquisition underthe land utilization programs in 1946 show that the total acreage acquired was 11,298,537acres. 2 Theaverage cost per acre for the total acreage acquired to1946, excluding 480,000 acres of public-domain land transferred to land utilization projects, per acre. was about $4.40 Sources: (156) ad mimeographed reportsof the Soil Conservation Service as follows: Status of Title Clearance Under the 'OldLaridUtilization Program, Dec. 31, 1942. Soil Conservation Service, Jan. 15, 1943. (Minieographed.) Status of Title Clearance Under Title III Banithead-JonesFarm Tenant Act, Feb. 28, 1943. Land Acq. Div., Soil Conservation Service, Mar.4, 1943; and Reports of June 30, and Oct. 23, 1943. (Mimeographed.) An Analysis of the Land Acquisition Program UnderTitle III of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenaxt Act. Soil Conservation Service M.P. 26, Aug. 1942 (172); and Type, Use, Pre- vious Ownership and Tenure Status of Land AcquiredUnder Title III of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act, Apr. 1942. (Mimeographed.) TABLE 6.- -Location of land acquired, by genera1. geograph.ic regions, 1.9)4-46 The portion allocable to the land utiliza- tion program could not be precisely deter- Region Acreage Percentage rruned and is not all included in the totals of total given here. !000 acres Percent Costs of land development and of shifts Northern 986 8.7 in use of land may be considered to be Southern 2,187 19.4 limited to a few iters, or may encompass Southwest 1., 681. 14.9 rany direct and indirect outlays in addition Northern P1.ains2 5,620 49.7 Central Mountain 21.2 1.9 to the actual developrrent of the land, de- Pacific pending upon the purpose for which costs 6U 5.4 are determined. Expenditures incident to Total 1.1.,299 100.0 retiring and developing submarginal, land, LNorthern Region:Northeaatern, Corn Be1.t, and relocating families, administration1super- Lake States. vision,and maintenance arecostsnot Southerr Region:Appalachian, Southeastern, end formally accounted for. Delta States. Southwest end Southern P1.ains:Arizona, New ?.xico, Oklahca, and Texas. Northern Plaizw:North ax1 South Dakota, Location of Projects Nebraska, Kaisas, Montana, Wying, and Colorado. The largest acreagesof submarginal Central Mountain Region:Idaho, Nevada, and lands acquired were in the Northern Plains, Utah. Pacific Region:California, Oregon, end Wash- Southwest, and Southern Regions (table 6). ington. These regions contained the largestareas 2It of the 1.and acquired in the Northern Plains of poor or submarginal cropland. Fifty was east of the Rocky untaina in the dryland plains portions of Colorado, Kansas,ntana, percent of the acreage acquired was in the Nebraska, North and South DHkota, ard Wyaning. NorthernPlains.The Southern Region Note:Tables in Appendix A group acreages by the ranked next with almost ZO percent, and 10 farm production regioinated of the 6 geo- the Southwest with about 15 percent. Aver- graphic regions. By using the State acreages in the age acreage per tract in the Southwest appendix tables; total.s for the geographic regions may be readi1.y assembl.ed. 19 was over650 acres, more than doublepasture andrangeland, and 2.7millj the average for the entire country. Twoacres in forest land. Much of the crop]and largetractsin New Mexico (originallywas idle, or practically so, especially in Spanish land grants), one containing 86,205 the Southeastern States. andthe other 49,940 acres, contributed At the begirming of World War U, several substantially to the large average size perlarge areas were transferred to defense tractin the Southwest. Average acreageagencies for military training and other per tract in the Northern Region was lessrelated purposes. Most of this land was than halfthe300-acre average for alllater returned tothe management of the regions. civilian agencies. The primary uses of the project land in 1961 are estimated to have been: Grazing (including Indian range), 7 million acres; Use of Project Land forest, Z.5 million acres; and special uses, Agricultural land use adjustment proj-such as parks and wildlife areas, 1.8 mil- ects made up roughly 9.5 million acres lion acres. Many recreational and wildlife of the 11.3 million acres acquired by theareas are forested, but are in a reserved Federal Government under the land utiliza- status and not used for commercial timber tion program. The remaining 1.8 millionproduction. The large areas used primarily acres were used for wildlife areas, parks,for grazing and commercial forests have recreational areas, and Indian land proj-many improved recreational sites set aside ects (161). It is estimated that at the timewithin them. Wild game preserves are used of purchase Z.5 million acres of this landextensively for seasonal hunting, fishing wereincropland, 6.1million acres inand other uses. RELOCATION OF FAMILIES RESIDING ON LANDS ACQUIRED7 Of the Z4,148 families initially residing onor resettlement homesteads created for this land purchased for the land utilization pro- purpose. The other families received help in gram, 87 percent were relocatedby Januarythe form of loans, relief grants, and advisory 1, 1942 ().Three-fourths of these familiesservice in getting reestablished on land more relocated without Government assistance.Asuitable for farming than that from which more striking fact is that only 9 percent of they moved. The situation is summarized in those relocated were resettled onthefarmsthe following tabulation: Old program, prior to Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act:
Total number initially residing on projects - 15,634 Total number relocated 13,719 By own efforts 10,497 By resettlement on farms or resettlement homesteads 1,237 With loan or rehabilitation grant only 993 Other aid and guidance 992 To remaIn 597 Life leases 134 Permanent maintenance personnel 230 Substitute occupancy privileges 33 Other 200 To be relocated 1,318 By own efforts 372 By resettlement on farms or resettlement homesteads 32 With rehabilitation loan or grant only 73 By transfer to other agencies 29 --Continued
7This section on relocation of families, and those on relation of the program to local governments (p. 23) and appraisal of the program (p. 35) are in part from an unpublished manuscript, 'Federal Rural Land Acquisition in the United States, 1930-42," by Margaret R. Purcell, Agricultural Economist, Bureau of Agricultural Eco- nomics, Dec. 1945.
20 With guidance or other aid 74 Aid nor yet determined 738 New program, after Bankheacj..JonesFarm Tenant Act: Total number of families initiallyresiding on [51 projects Total number relocated 8,514 7 296 By own efforts 5,608 By resettlement on farms orresettlement homesteads 574 With rehabilitation loan orgrant only 585 By transfer to other agencies 261 With Farm Security Administradon guidance only 189 With other aid 79 Number to remajz 275 With life leases 36 As permanent maintenancepersonnel 171 With Substitute ocCUpancy privilege ii Other 57 To be relocated 943 1Data from mimeographed annual reports no longer readily availablein libraries and files. Compensation and assistance forpersons (husband, wife, and children), of affected by real propertyacquisition has which the remained a continuous problem head was over 21 and under5Oyearsofage, in agricul- with farming experience. Thefamily had tural and otherprograms. The 88th Con- to give evidence of gress, 2nd Session, made anew study of resourcefulness and this problem in 1964, the ability to enter into communitylife, and results of which give reasonable assurance ofmeeting the are summarized in Committee PrintNo. costs of resettlement. Of the 147 families 31, House of RepresentativesCommittee on Public Works. in the central Wisconsin purchasearea, only 58 met the conditions. Farmerseligible for part-time subsistence farmswere re- Relocation Under the Resettlement quired to have the same general qualifica- Administration tions as those for full-time farmsexcept that the head could be asoldas 55. Many factors wereresponsible for thefamilies met these Eighteen small proportion of families whomoved qualifications. Aged to people unable to provide for themselves, government., sponsored res ettlementand old-age and public relifcases perma farms or homesteads. A numberof families nentlyin need of aid were eligible for from submarginal land purchaseareas usedretirement their payments from the sale homesteads.Ninefamilies of land to buyqualified. This ]eft 85 families whowere farms or homes elsewhere, andrequired no not qualified to remain in the projectarea. Government assistance in relocating.Some Many that could otherwisemeet all re- others, in areas where alternativesto farm- quirements for full-time farms ing were available, as in theNew England or sub- and Middle Atlantic States, sistence homesteads had family headsabove found jobs inthe age limit of 50 years. Others whoneeded urban areas. And throughout thecountry, retirement homesteads were not eligible some elderly people retired from farming (68, 69). altogether when bought out, andwent to imilar situations in other parts of the live in town or with relativeselsewhere. But Federal land purchase LakeStates,especiallyinthe isolated was a slowsettlements of the cutover areas (94,99), process, with final closing of the sale andin the South, and in the Great Plainssug- payment frequently long delayed. Manyof gest that resettlement qualificationsmay the displaced familieswere not assistedhave been too high. While resettlement because of delay in completing theresettle-projectsattheoutset/were planned to ment farm projects, and because ofstrictassist families moving from submarginal rules for selection of families. land, objectives of theprogram became In Wisconsin, for example, eligibilityformuch broader as time wenton. The large a full-time commercial farm in a resettle-numbers of eligible applicants competing rnent project was limited to normalfamilies for relatively few resettlement units led project managements to be selective, per- tion of farmers whose land had been zoned as haps to the detriment of former occupantsunsuitable for farming had been going far of submarginal land. ward before initiation of the Federal land Many resettlement projects in the Ap- program. The submarginal and resettlerrent palachian States were established primarilyprograms thus were desirable supplemerita to care for special groups strazided in ruralto the State programs for blocking in publicly areas by the closing of depleted mine andowned areas, and helping scattered settlera forest industries. However, large areas ofto relocate. land purchased under the land utilization It should be stressed that alargepropor.. program had not been used primarily fortion of the families onthe lands being bought farming, and their purchase for forest andfor land utilization projects had wholly in- recreational purposes displaced relativelyadequate incomes. The average gross cash few farmers. Also, many of those who wereincome of these families in 1934 was only displaced had been squatters during thede-about $300, including an average of $72 ob- pression years, and thus were not eligibletained from relief and other outside pay for resettlement farms. Others could notments. Forty-seven percent of the families qualify because of age or physical condition.were on relief. The land utilization program Although the greatest acreage of submar-was essentially a humanitarian program, ginal land acquired was in the Plains States,since one of its aims was to help families to only 15 percent of all families whose landmake transition from a hopelesslyunfavor- was bought resided there. Of these families, able environment to one offering promise only 5 percent were relocated on resettle-of a more adequate livelihood. ment farms. Some 73 percent relocated by their own efforts, and the rest received Relocation Under the Bankhead-Jones some Government assistance.' As the land Farm Tenant Act utilization program did not get underway in the Plains until 1934, after drought and dust In 1937, the farm tenant purchase pro- had already disrupted much of the region'sgram was established undertheFarmSecu- economy, it is likely that many of those re-rity Administration to handle settlement and locating by their own efforts moved out offarm tenant purchase programs authprized the Plains area entirely. Considerationwasby the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act. given to the establishment of subsistenceThis was a type of resettlement program, homestead communities in the Mississippi providingindividualtenant farmers and Delta specifically for victims of the Dustfarmers displaced by Government land ac- Bowl. Large acreages of Delta land werequisition programs with supervised credit purchased for resettlement purposes, but for buying and developing farms. Rural re- the resettlement of Great Plains farmers settlement and subsistence homestead proj- was not attempted on this land, although a ects already begun were alsoassignedtothe few did move to the Delta area. Farm Security Administration for comple- In other instances, farm operators whotion and management. For several years, had lived for years in the same neighbor- especially from 1937 to 1941, assistance was hood did not wish to break their old asso-given to families from submarginal land ciations and move to new communities, orprojects who were seeking to relocate on to take up a different type of farrning.Somefarms. of these farmers made arrangements to Since usually a year or more elapsed be- remain near their former farms, occa- tween Government purchase of submarginal sionally becoming workers on land u9e land and the relocation of families, the num- projects, or moving to nearby towns. ber of families relocated by January 1942, as Approximately 30 percent of the S8fami- show2l inthe tabulation on pp. 20-21, indicates lies bought out in California, Arizona, and satisfactory progress. However, nearly all Utah were moved to resettlement farms or data describe resettlement projects accord- homesteads. Alternative opportunities wereing to function, such as rural resettlement, apparently available for those not assisted stranded group, etc. It is difficulttopick out by the Federal Government. the data applying only to those people who It was in the 3 Lake States that the greatest came from submarginal land, especially in proportion of families resettled on Federal the earlier years (134, 138, 142). projects after selling their submarginal land The Farm Security Administration pro- to the Government. This is explained partly vided advice and such financial assistance as by the fact that rural zoning programs were budget and eligibility restriction allowed to already in operation in these States. Reloca- families displaced bythe purchase program 22 carried out by the SoilConservationService with the displacement ofa minimum number under Title Ill of the Bankhead-Jones Farm of families from the project area(30. 156). Tenant Act. In this project and other projects in Georgia. In the Northern Plains,the Farm Security a number of families whose land was bought Administration provided a full-, expe ri- were permitted to retain title or lifetime enced specialist to assist families in findingrights to the improvements, suchas build- suitable new locations. In Greene County, ings and fences, and a small amount of land Ga., the Farm Security Administration andfor subsistence purposes, thereby elimi- the Soil Conservation Service cooperated nating their need for relocation, in working out an adjustment in the pattern A study made by the Bureau of Agricul- of land use and occupancy. The Farm Secu-tural Economics indicated that families dis- rity Administration purchased land in theplaced by this phase of the land purchase project area that was suitable for continuedprogram in the Southeast were as well or farming, and the Soil Conservation Servicebetteroffthen before(134). A survey purchased the land that was unsuitable forin the Northeast led to similar conclusions cultivation. Adjustment was accomplished (42).
RELATION OF LAND UTILIZATION PROGRAM TO LOCAL GOVERNMENTS As a result of the purchase of land andwere clearly greater, the reality ofthedis- the resettlement in other areas ofmany ofadvantages,though oftenintangible and the people living on the purchased land,therefore difficult to measure, should not be many institutional adjustments were re- ignored. It should be renemberedthat most quired. The easiest of these adjustments of the problens of this period could be traced to identify were those in local governmentto the depletion of land resources.This fact financing. Information on that phase isn,ade changes inevitable. The role of the available from records, reports, and publi-Governn,ent in the land utilization program cations. was to nake these changes orderly and as In areas where road and school servicesproductive as possible, causing the leastdis- were costly because of sparse rural popula- advantage to individuals who had to rrove tion, and where during the thirties theprop-fron their land and homes. erty tax was diminishing because of tax delinquency and reversion to public owner- ship, Federal acquisition of land took away still more of the taxbase. Offsetting factors Examples of the Impact of Land Purchase were the scaling down of total costs of public on Local Farming and Government services inpurchaseareas andimprovedin.. comes of persons remaining in the area. Some of the social changes brought about In addition to these measurable and well- by the land utilization program are illus- recognized influences of submarginal landtrated by the land use shifts which took purchase and the attendant resettlement,place in the Great Plains States, where there were many intangible values involved.drought and dust storms in the 1930's had Long-established relationships of familiesaggravated longstanding land use practices to particular tracts of land were alteredand where the greatest acreage was acquired and entire communities were sometimesunder the Federal land program. In western disrupted. While most of these changes were North and South Dakota, the Federal pur- voluntary and clearly had beneficial effects,chase of several hundred thousand acres there was considerable personal loss andof land resulted in the retirement to grass social cost in the uprooting of families andof cash-crop land that was no longer suit- their movement to new and often unfamiliarable for cultivation, and in a general shift placeswhere differenthistorical back-from cash-crop farming to a combination grounds prevailed, and where the socialof livestock and feed-crop farming. The patterns were sometimes difficult to be-Governmentpurchasedlandwasmade come used to. New methods of farmingavailable to ranchers through cooperative sometimes had to be learned, both by those grazing associations, making it possible who moved and those who remained. These for the operators remaining in the area to disadvantages must be weighed against theenlarge their units to a point where more advantages in appraising the program, andadequate levels of living could be main- whiletheadvantages in most instances tained. 23 An idea of the magnitude of the land shifts long had severe financial problems. The involved and of the social adjustments re-averagetaxesannually collected in the quired can be obtained from research workCounty from 1926 to 1934 on lands pur- of Hans en, Haggerty, and Voelker in Billingschased amount to but $24,500. Approxi- County, N. Dak.,in 1939 (63). The Comrnis- mately 30 percent of each annual levy after sioners from this County proposed that the 1929 became delinquent. Upon Federal pur- FederalGovernmentpurchasecertainchase, a total of $95,000 in delinquent taxes county-owned land and tax delinquent landwas paid. in order to block in areas already in Fed- Population changes after purchase af- eral ownership. The need for developmentfected many school districts, decreasing of areas of sufficient size for effectivecosts in some, and increasing the burden grazing and livestock operations was ap-in others. Consolidation of all districts in parent from the facts that the populationPhillips County into a county unit system of the County had declined 20 percent sincewas recommended, in order toequalize 1930, and that taxable values had declinedschool burdens and facilitate improvement 66 percent since 1930. Tax delinquency hadof schools. Closing of some schools threw also grown, until in 1939 it was nearly 50an additional burden on those left open, but percent of the total levy. by closing 8 schools in 7 districts, it was At the time the above-mentioned researchestimated that annual school costs would was undertaken, the Federal Governmentbe reduced by approximately $5,000. already had under option nearly 150,000 Approximately 849,000 acres of public acres of land, and although the taxing unitsdomain land were included in grazing dis- would collect delinquent taxes at the time oftricts in the Milk River Project Area, in completion of purchase, permanent with-addition to the land purchased. In 1939, it drawal of this land from the tax rolls madewas estimated that the total grazing land it desirable that local governments be re- in the project would yield about $33,000 (at organizedtomeet the conditions which $0.20per forageacre), compared with would follow. annual tax returns on purchased land of As a result of the research into land use $24,500. adjustmentsandresultingcounty fiscal Experience in the Morton County land problems,it was recommended that theuse adjustment area in southwesernKansas Federal Government purchase 65,000 addi-was similar. There the Government pur- tional acres to round out the Billings Countychased 107,000 acres of farmland for re- adjustment area and to make possible ad- turn to grazing, its original use. The pur- justrnents in size and use of operating units, chased area represented 20 percent of the and that the County lease such tax-delinquenttotal taxable land of the county, and 9 per- land as was not acquired by Federal pur- cent of the taxable valuation of $4,653,000. chase on long-term leases, thereby assuring Valuation of land purchased was $415,000. a flow of revenue to meet local government Of the 5 townships involved, 4 had their tax needs. Following these recommendations,bases reduced by 2 to 14 percent. Forty additional land was purchased and stepspercent of the acreage purchased lay in taken for improved management and leasing Jones township where purchases amounted of Billings County, N. Dak., land. to 65 percent of the taxable acreage, and In the case of the MiLk River Project in50 percent of the tax base. Revenue losses Valley, Phillips, and Blame Counties, Mont., in 1936 to local governments as a result some 953,000 acres of low-grade farmlandof purchase were estimated at about $7,000. and grassland were purchased and 672 iso- But these losses were more than offset by lated residents resettled on 3 irrigationreduction in cost of public services (160). projects within the purchase areas.Altera- The annual sums received, even after the tions of this magnitude naturally led to manyyears of development, were regarded by local problems which required collective many local governments as inadequate. One action (62). In Phillips County, the purchase suggested plan for adjusting the matter ona of 301,500 acres led to a loss of taxableuniform basis to the satisfaction of local value of $375,628, or 7.5 percent of the units was a flat-rate annual contribution of county tax base. The importance of this loss 0.5to1 percent on the acquisition price is emphasized by the fact that the reductionof the land as a mninimurn guarantee (121, in the taxable value of 14 school districts 122). ranged from 10 to 50 percent. While the A study of the adequacy of payments on problems growing out of Governmentpur- purchased lands to local units of govern- chase cannot be minimized, this County had ment was made by the Federal Real Estate 24 Board in 1940. Efforts mate more accuratelywere made to esti- some adjustments had been the effects of landgovernment to reflect changesmade in local purchase on the abilityof local govern-from the land utilization resulting ments to supply neededservices and to pay program, more off indebtedness. were needed. Studies madeit possible to Purchase of land didnot always bringoutline these neededadjustments, to ap- praise the effects of theprogram on local reductions in costs ofcounty government. government units and services, Projects were notcoterrrijnous with county and to pro.. boundaries, areaswere not completelyvide a basis fordiscussion withcounty blocked in, and officialsof further steps thatwould be to remain insome residents were alloweddesirable. Needed project areas. Onlya fewwere matters of Stateadjustments, and however, attempts were madeto reorganize localthey were outside the local action; governmen districts to take advantageauthority. scope of Federal of possible savings.In the case of certain grazing projects, the fewremaining resident operators in the areacontinued to cause high per capita publiccosts. Federal Payments to Local The record of high Governments land purchased tax delinquencyon may be accourted for in Section 33 of Title III of part by the fact thatserious depressionJones Farm Tenant the Banlchead_ and drought hadreduced incomes inmanyall land that the FederalAct provided that, for areas before theprogram was started. Thus, Government pur. some underestimation chased for publicpurposes under thispro- over a more normalas to tax revenuegram, it must pay annually to period of yearsmay in which the land the county have been made injustifying the program.of the revenueswas located 25 Percent The requests formore adequate reimburse received for its use for ment tax loss in theyears of recoverysupport of roads and schools. were significant. Since much of thefarmland purchased As a resiJt of land under this programwas submarginal, reve- an extensive consolidationpurchase there wasnues were small in the firstfew years tricts. of school dis-after purchase, whilethe land was being The number decreasedapproxi developed for other mately 50 percent incertain instances. uses. Recreation areas The number of schools in the1930ts rarely returnedsignificant in operation in the cash profits. Income frommany poorly Great Plains decreasedthroughout areas stocked forest areas did where land was purchased,although notfor some years afternot start accruing as rapidly as schoolenroflrent decreased.placed them on improvement had Many miles of roadswere officially closed, a sustained..yield basis. and maintenance Land in grazing projectswas more readily more. was discontinued on many prepared for leasing, andregular returns were obtained fairly soon. Experience from 1935 to1940 showed land was developed for Moreover, when that adjustmentsinvolving localgovern- not only was there grazing purposes, ment and financewere needed to accom some revenue available pany changes in landuse or occupancy.for sharing with localgovernments, but Field studies during 1940 also the taxable valueof ranchers' property showed that while in the area usuallyincreased.
MANAGEMENT AND USE OF THE LAND UTILIZATIONPROJECTS Relationship of Land Managementand Transfers partment of Agriculture foradministration or custodianshipwere approximately 8.8 From 1936 to 1953, 2.5 million acres as of January2, 1954. Ap- the 11.3 million million acres ofproximately 1.3 to 1.8 millionacres were acres acquired under themanaged under long-term land utilizationprogram were transferred, agreements with chiefly to other Federal State and other agencies,leaving 7 to 7.5 agencies outsidemillion acres managed from of the Department ofAgriculture, including 1938 to 1953 the National Park Service, directlybyDepartment of Agriculture Affairs,and Fish andBureau of Indian agencies. Assigned for managementWildlife Service. An additional3.3 million acreswere within the De-transferred, granted, exchanged,or sold from January Z,1954, to May 15, 1961, custodialresponsibilityandtheUnited leaving 5.5 million acres assigned to theStates retained title to the land. Department of Agriculture, with the major For the 12 years 1942 to 1953,revenue part going to the Forest Service. A largefrom land utilization project land averaged part of the acreage transferred was as- $918,852 per year (table 8). Lumber produc.. signed to the Bureau of Land Managementtion averaged 28 million boardfeet per year. and other agencies in the Department of theAn average of nearly 1,579,000 animal..urit Interior. Sizable acreages, however, were months of grazing a year was provided local transferred or granted to State agencies.stockmen and ranchers. The majorsources Limited acreages were exchanged for otherof public income were from sales of forest land and small acreages sold to publicproducts, grazing fees, and mineral royal- agencies and private parties under specialties. rules or authorizations for such actions During the war years 1941-45, the land (table 7). utilization projects made significant con- tributionstoneeded production. During 1944, over 6.1 million acres were used for Management by the Soil Conservation grazing, furnishing 1.6 million animal-unit Service, 1938-53 months of grazing. Around Z2 million board feet of timber products were harvested in The Soil Conservation Service managed 1944 to help fill the tremendous war needs. from 7 to 7.5 million acres of land utiliza- Thisrepresented a 10-percent increase tion project land for15 years-- 1938-53over the previous years. (table8).The acreage varied somewhat In 1945, the War and Navy Departments from year to year as land was transferredused nearly 300,000 acres of land utiliza- between Federal and State agencies. tionland fortraining camps, ordnance - .By the end of 1940, most of the initial depots, and bomb, gu.nnery, rocket,andrif.Ie acquisition and development work had been ranges. More than 33 million board feet completed on all projects started beforeof timber products were harvested from passage of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenantland utilization lands in 1945, and land in Act. These projects. had reached the stageagricultural land use adjustment projects at which the problems had shifted from the supplied nearly1.7million animal-unit developmental to the managerial field. months of grazing. Seven thousand farmers Projects managed by the Soil Conserva-and ranchers made use of the land each tion Service from 1938 to 1953 uxider au- year during World War II. thority of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Timber harvested in 1946 totaled more Act were used mainly for grazing, forests,than 32 million board feet of all types. Nearly hay, recreation, wildlife, and watershed and2 million acres were classed as commercial water supply protection. During the periodforest, including both federally and State after World War U, especially, additionaladministered projects. Collections in 1946 improvement and development work waswere $728,341. This was an increase of carriedout over large areas, includingnearly one-third over 1945, due to higher building stock-water ponds, reservoirs, firereturns per acre. towers, and erosion control works; seeding In 1946, over 4 million acres of project grasslands; planting trees and forest thin- land in Montana, North and South Dakota, ning; and construction of fire-control lanes Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, and Kansas and access roads. A big job of rehabilitationwere managed cooperatively by grazing was done from 1946 to 1953 (figs. 8, 9, andassociations.Grazing associations were 10). organized in the late 1930's in Montana, During these years many bare, idle areas Wyoming, and North Dakota. Soil conserva- were planted to grass and trees. Grasslandtion districts began operations about 1940. and grazing yields increased with seedingTheir purpose was to assist in planning andgrasslandimprovement.Sustained and carrying out county and district agri forest yields also increased as time passedcultural conservation and land use pro- acid growth progressed undera managementgrams. and protection program. The districts were organized by farmers Much of the land was managed by localand ranchers and are managed by them grazing associations and soil conservationthrough elected boards of directors and districts and other State agencies under supervisors. The grazing associations, like- long-term agreements, but the Soil Con- wise, were organized and operated under servatiori Service had administrative andState laws to plan for group management
26 TLE 7. --Summary of acquisition, disposal, and administrationof land utilization project land by U.S. Department of Agriculture, by periods, 1935 to 1961
Acreage for which Transferred Administered in Period' titles were outside te Department obtained in the Department of of A,gricui.ture period Agriculture at the end oC period
Million acres Million acres Million acres 1935-38 2 2 1.7 6.2 1939-46 3.4 .3 9.3 1947-53 0 .5 8.8 1954-61 0 3.3 5.5 Total (1961) 11.3 5.8 5.5 1 Periods are from July 1 to Juzie 30, except for1947 to 1953 when the period ends Dec. 31, 1953, and for 1954 to 1961, when theperiod begins Jan. 2, 1954 and ends May 15, 1961. 2 Oijtsapproximately 350,000 acres for which optionswere accepted but for which titles were not obtained, or acquisitionof which had not been completed at the time of transfer. Includes approximately 500,000acres transferred prior to authority given by Title III of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act inJuly 1937, and 1,200,000 acres trans- ferred aCter July 1937. Sources: Agricultural Adjustnnt Administration, Land Policy Section;Resettlement Administration; and Bureau of Agricultural Economics: Annual and other 1938. reports, 1933 to Soil Conservation Service, Aniival Reportsof the Chief anSI other reports, 1938 to 1953. Forest Service: Annual Reports of the Chief and other reports, 1954to 1961. House of Representatives, 84th Cong., 1st Sess., Rpt.No. 1296, Ju.ly 20, 1955. TABLE 8. --Agricultural land utilization progran of the Soil Conservation Service under title IIIof the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act: Use and income Cf lands managed, by years, 1942-1953 Total Grazing Year area Jse fo r Lumber Recreation T0 ta.12- managed Acreage Amount crops producticn revenue
Animal-unit Acres Acres months3 Acres Board-feet Person-days Dollars 1942 7,184,O1B 6,000,191 1,229,688 35,94.'. -- -- 293,700 1943 7,143,474 5,889,056 1,447,591 38,557 -- -- 450,399 194.'. 7,141,027 6,131,710 1,553,330 36,728 -- -- 482,702 1945 7,151,810 6,237,413 1,664,373 50,388 -- -- 549,120 1946 7,178,157 6,373,449 1,672,983 29,264 32,013,000 1,136,039 728,341 1947 7,121,139 6,436,135 1,680,565 42,981 31,337,224 1,156,162 833,756 1948 7,111,683 6,454,355 1,172,43.4 45,180 26,657,864 700,959 995,793 1949 6,970,469 6,386,159 1,706,803 45,609 30,619,567 860,668 925,820 1950 6,946,761 6,336,916 1,608,690 38,005 33,088,809 714,078 1,021,430 1951 6,902,438 6,308,529 1,698,572 30,130 28,590,238 777,877 1,187,267 1952 6,912,307 6,330,075 1,751,745 25,157 22,672,147 848,221 1,752,455 1953 6,917,508 6,440,731 1,757,272 38,3.45 19,409,369 83,438 1,805,446 Average 7,C56,733 6,277,060 1,578,670 38,024 28,048,527 '878,305 918,852 Nearly 60 percent was in hay 2 1942-47,total collections; 1948-53, total collections less refunds during calendar year. Includes same revenue from scurces not shown here, such as building occupancy, sales of improvements, nunerals, and ease- inents. 1 .nonth'grazingenure on range by 1 mature cw or steer, or 5 sheep. 194t-53 average. I pp
1: .1 / ...-. .. -
.. . I l4 f #*7I I..
- - . - -. ;;:..p'ç.;:-.-. - . -- .= -4- -. -:--' ,- ;-- - . -- .,--. --.--'-:---- ;; ------
-- - - '- --;-:- -'--
SCS Ark-61-487 A & F3
I iure s.-- \t'vc, guLtv near Berrvvtllc, .\rz, before relahliLition. Below, gully leveled and filled, ready for nd(j IPC In addition to direct publicincome and use of land for State and Federalpurposes, the public and localpeople benefited from the income of workers andoperators who bought timber on the stumpand processed it for market, the incomeof farmers and stockmen who usedlarge acreages for grazing, and the employment ofmineral and oil workers andoperators who worked leases. The workmen employedin improve- ment, maintenance, andmanagement of the property also benefited, as did thosewho usedtheareas for recreation, hunting, artdfishing. AnnuaUy, therewere about 879,000 days spent by people inrecreational activities on the land utilizationareas By the end of 1953, the landresources had in- creased in value because of theimprove.. ments, growth of timber, developmentof recreation facilities, gains in wildlife, and better and more plentiful watersupplies.
Management by the Forest Service, 1954-63 As of January, 1954, atotal of 8,847000 acres in land utilization projects had been assigned by the Secretary ofAgriculture to the Forest Service. This included 6,958,000 acres assigned on this date from the Soil ConservationService, 1,O6,OOOacres earlier assigned from the SoilConserva- tionService and predecessor managing agencies, and 87,000 acres under Forest SCS Ga-LU 23-24 Service custodianship thatwere being man- Ftgure 9. --ThInning tnfexior trees for pulpwoodon a aged by State agencies underlong-term land uttlizatton project In Georgia. The remaining lease or sales contracts (table 9). trees grow faster, and the pulpwood crop earns About 1,460,000 acres have beenincorpo- Income. rated into8 National Forests, and 161,000 additional acres are managed by theForest and use of intermingled blocks of Service pending disposalorpermanent and private public assignment. In addition, 19 National Grass- grazingland.Permits andlands, comprising about 3,804,000acres, leases were obtained on public landand have been established by Secetrialorder arrangements made for cooperativeuse offor permanent retention andmanagement privaterange in the district. Directorsaspart of the National Forest System. were elected and supervisors and tech- With the exception of l6l,000acres,the rest riicians employed or assigned for planningof the assigned acreagewas transferred to and management. Project managersand other Federal and State agencies for ad- grazing associations worked togetherto ministration,except for srrll acreages allot grazing permits and to improvethe exchanged in order to block inareas, and range. limited acreages sold under special condi- The work on Title III lands was ofcon- tions as provided by law. side rableproductivevalue;educational The Forest Service has continued and value also was significant. Farmersand expanded the improvement of project lands ranchers, after observing the results ofcon.. in their custody. Surveys have been made servation practices on Government land,of the land, water, forest,range, wildlife, more readily appliedthepracticeson and recreational resources in order to keep similar land used by them. abreast of changes in theseresources, lw
tw I-
SCS LU-NC-4-17 Figure 1O.--A 4-year-old stand of loblolly pine on Singletary Lake Game Sanctuary, N.C. The road servesaa both fireguard and vehicle trail. changes in the need for their use in termspractices, timber growth has been large, of markets and incomes, and increases inresulting in a greater volume of merchant- local and regional rural and urban popula-abletimber. Income hasgenerallyin- tion. Cooperative arrangements with grazing creased, even thoughacreagesunderForest associations and conservation districts for Service management have declined because management of land, installation of mea9-of transfers to other agencies and uses. ures for revegetation and maintenance of range, and reforestation and protection ofNational Forests forest areas are active. Special attention has been given to recreational needs by Four new National Forests were formed creation and development of campsites,from 6 of the 40 land utilization projects picruc areas, and reservoir fa'cilities fora9signed to the Forest Service--the Tus- boating and swimming in sections previ-kegee in 6dabama, the Oconee in Georgia, ously lacking these amenities. Wildlife andtheTombigbeeinMississippi, and the game management also have been improvedSt. Francis in Arkansas. The remaining 34 to meet demands for hunting and preserva- or more projects were added to 24 existing tion of wildlife. forests. The largest acreages incorporated Total income from land utilization proj-into National Forests were in the southern ectstransferredtothe Forest ServiceStates,from VirginiatoArkansas and ranged from $1,610,410 in 1955 to $2,290,775 Louisiana. in 1958 (table 10). The average income for The National Forests serve many uses the5 years 1955-59 was $1,953,429. The and many people. Multiple use is a standard receipts,in order ofsize, were frompolicy and practice. Not onlydo the National grazing permits, mineral leases, and saleForest9 produce timber, but, in addition, of forest products. Rental of hay lands, they provide grazing for livestock and places sale of grass seed, and recreation permitsfor wildlife to grow, and afford hunters at brought in smaller amounts representingState-prescribed seasons the use of publicly about 5 percent of the cash receipts. owned open space for hunting. Use for Increased sales of timber, more mineralrecreation is in great demand, especially leases,andimproved grasslandshave for camp and picnic sites and for fishing, brought an upward trend in income. As a hiking, skiing, studying nature,and enjoying result of30 years of good managementbeautiful scenery.
30 TABLE 9. --Status of landutilization projects transferredto the Forest Service, placed under its custody,as of June 30, l94 or
Item Acreage
Assignment to the ForestService: 1,000 acres Transferred to the ForestService prior to 1/2/54 Transferred to the Forest Serviceon 1/2/54 1,062 Placed under the ForestService custody 6,958 827 Total assigned to theForest Service 8,847 Retainedfor permanent administration National Forests by the Forest Service: National Grass lands 1,460 3,804
5,26.4 Balance (for disposalor permanent assignment) 161 Total under dmnjstratjO of the Forest Service 5,425 Disposals to other agenciesand parties: Transferred to the Bureau ofLand Management Transferred to other Federalagencies 2,187 Granted to State, county,and city agencies 57 Sold to State, county,arid city agencies° 806 190 Exchanged for lands withinNational Forestsor research areas Placed in trt forPueblo Indians 102 Reconveyances arid sales to 78 former owners arid otherprivate parties 2 Total disposals 3,422 Source: Forest Service.
National Grasslands areas, were purchased and theoccupants resettled, and slowlyover the years the Range management ofproject land hasrange was restored to better, been improved bythe establishment oftive use. Lessons more produc- National Grasslandswhich are somewhat were being learned from similartoNational Forests (139). the hard experience ofattempting to farm The unsuitable rangeland and thenattempting National Grasslandsconsist of 24 formerto shift it back to land utilizationprojects, where the Federal grassland range. Governi-rent the States, The highest purpose oftheNational are cooperating to rebuildandtheloca]peopleGrasslands isto serve as demonstration ruins of drought_strickenrangeland on theareastoshow how lands classifiedas and misused land. unsuitable for cultivation The 19 NationalGrasslands are situated may be converted in 11westernStates.... 17 to grass for the benefit ofboth land and in the Greatpeople in the areas. Under carefulmanage- Plains, and one each inIdaho and Oregon. ment, they are being developed for The land utilizationprojects now in Na- greater tional Grasslands began sustained yields of grass, water,wildlife, partment of Agriculturelsas part of the De- and trees; they also offeropportunities for emergency re-outdoor recreation. TheNational Grass- habilitationprogramsinthe 1930ts. lands are important units Submarginal farmsand depletedrange- of a permanent lands,resulting from homesteading system of the Forest Service dedicatedto and tested and approved principles ofconserva- settlement of small farmunits in semiaridtion and land use (5, 141). 31 TABLE l0.--Federal income from land utilization projects managed by the Forest Service, fiscalyears 1955_5g Income by sources
Year Total Total Timber & Haying, acreage income Grazing Mineral cropping, forest Recreation Other products leases sale of seed
Acres --- Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars 1955 7,048,111 1,618,410 806,967 309,295 374,261 65,713 33,237 1956 6,909,847 28,937 2,204,059 823,118 455,815 799,787 50,444 29,384 45,511 19571 6,945,157 1,734,666 684,102 215,120 737,461 38,063 30,084 19582 29,836 4,640,596 2,290,775 697,315 574,825 917,654 59,347 27,327 14,307 L959 4,638,540 1,919,236 734,640 346,955 747,579 25,379 38,095 26,583 In 1957, about 6.5 million acres were grazed by more than 300,000 head oflivestock owned by almost 5,000 permittees. About 5 million acres were under grazing agreements (10years or less) with livestock grazing associations, soil conservation districts, and other local agencies. 2 In 1958,more than 2 million acres of land utilization land were transferred to the Departmentof the Interior for use In programs of the Bureau of Land Management. Theacreage for 1958 Is as of December 31. Mast of the acreeges for other years are as of June 30. Since 1960, when the land utilization land retained by the Department ofAgriculture was incorporated into National Forests and National Grasslands, income and expenses for the formerprojects are not kept separate, except where they are complete units such as ranger districts, but instead with the units of which they now are a part. the accounts are kept Source: Reports of the Chief of the Forest Service for years specified.
Use of the National Gras slands for grazingof water improvements, and fencing ofwilts more than 165,000 cattle and 47,000 sheepfor management. This allows the harvesting annually must of necessity be integratedof such forage for domestic livestockas is with the use of intermingled and nearbyconsistentwiththeLong-term program land (140). By agreement, the local people,of management. who control the other lands and who, for the Over 300,000 visits are made annually most part, are also users of the Govern- tothe National Grasslands for hunting, ment land, have accepteda large measure offishing,camping,picnicking and other responsibility in managing livestock on many recreation. Visits to the areas are usually of the areas. The local users frequentlyare short, and facilities needed to accommodate organized into grazing associations toac-the public are mostly confined to picnic complish many of the conservation objec-areasand campsites nearhunting tives in the National Grasslands andasso- and ciated areas of private and public land. fishing. Outdoor recreation will increase as the public becomes aware thatthegrass- Of the 3.8 million acres in the Nationallands are open to extensive publicuse. Grasslands, grazing on 2.7 millionacres is Small areas of the National Grasslands managed under cooperative agreements with support some tree growth of a woodland type grazing associations, and 1.1 millionacresand where these areas occur theygenerally directly by the Forest Service. Permitsarehave high esthetic recreational andwildlife issued by the Forest Service eitherto local values. Consistent with these values,some grazing associations, which in turn dis-wood products needed in the localcom- tribute grazing privileges among membersmunities are produced. according to terms of the agreements,or The National Grasslands furnish food, directly to individtial ranchers whomeet cover, and water for a wide variety of wild- simple criteria as to eligibility inareas life and fish. An estimated 27,000antelope not covered by grazing associations. Fees and 19,000 deer live all or a portion ofthe are paid on the basis of each animal-unit year on the areas. Bighorn sheep have been month ofgrazingpermitted.8 Thiscoopera- returned. Here also are found quail,prairie tive approach has resulted in goodprogress chickens, sharp-tail grouse, pheasants,wild on both public and associated private lands turkey, and other game and song birds. in the revegetation of the land, installation The proper management anduse of the National Grasslandsisa part of the big 8An animal-unit month is 1month's grazing tenure job of corserving and improving theNa- upon range by 1 cow or steer, or 5 sheep. tion's water resources and keepingsoil in 32 place. Generally, grasslandsare located inareas were analyzed in reports by theBureau of ofunstable soil and deficientAgricultural Economics in 1937 rainfall. A good vegetativecover must be and940, retained to keep runoff at near the dates of acquisition.These re- a minimum, re- ports snow the problems ofintermingled duce wind and watererosjon and enhanceprivate and public land holdings, the water storage capacityof the land. hazards of farming and the Grassland programs undercooperative scattered tracts in a grazing agreements with dryland area (j, 93). grazing associa- The land utilization land(or land acquired tions have beenstrengthened since 1960. under Title UI of the Most agreements with grazingassociations Bankhead-Jones Farm have been continued, Tenant Act) is subject tothe provisions for or renewed, with littleuse and management which willbest serve change. It has been thepolicy not to change the conservation and procedures for management that havebeen gram. The land land utilization pro- used successfully formany years. Local is used under grazing stockmen who are eligible permits by stockmen. Thegrazing regula- can apply for tionsandfeesconformto permits to graze suitableareas on a long- policies the general term basis, provided theypay the customary and procedures establishedfor grazing fees and assist in land utilizationproject land. Actual fees proper use andvary from area to area. As withall land maintenance of the land. acquired under Title III of In1963,Secretary's(ofAgriculture) the Bankhead.. Regulation of June ZO, Jones Farm TenantAct, Z5 percent of the the land utilization 1960, designating revenue received from grazingand other grazing lands as Na- usesis paid to the countiesin which the tional Grasslands, to bepart of the National land is located for road Forest System for administrationunder poses. and school pur- the Banlchead...Jones FarmTenant Act, was Transfer of land utilization amended, among other things:(1) To re- project land affirm the promotion of by lease, sale, or homesteadis not author- grassland agri- ized; however, exchangesof land and grant- cultureand sustained-yieldmanagementing of easements and of all land and waterresources in the areaspublic interest arerightsof..way in the of which the Grasslandsare a part; (Z) to permissible. The au- stressthe thorityfordisposals of land utilization demonstration of sound and project land of any type is limitedto appli- practical principles of landuse; and (3) tocation in the particularcase (158). provide that management of theFederal land At the time of exerts a favorable influenceover associated acquisition of the land in the other public and private lands.9 Milk River, Mont., landutilization project in 1937-38, it was withinFederal grazing districts set up under theTaylor Grazing Act of 1934 (61, 93, 103).The project com- Management by the Bureau of Land prised 15 percent of theacreage in the Milk Management River District, comparedwith7 percent in public domain land. In Some 18 land utilizationprojects, con- the Musselshell aining &464,000 acres, and Lower Yellowstoneprojects the per- were transferred to centage was even higher-- and 34 per- the Bureau of LandManagement, Depart- cent of the land area. A ment of the Interior, andare managed and memorandum of used primarily for grazing along understanding between theDepartments of with public Agriculture and the Interiorwas made for domain land in Federalgrazing districts.administration of these lands, More than 1.9 million acresare in Montana. October 1, This acreage was acquired 1936, including the provisionthat they be in7landutiliza_ grazed in common with otherpublic lands tion projects, of which thelargest werein the Federal grazing districts.-° Milk River, with 953,000acres, the Lower Yellowstone, with 39Z,000acres, and the Musselshell, with 268,000acresMost of this land was transferredfrom the Forest Management of Indian Projects Service to the Bureau ofLand Manage- ment by Executive Order Number 10787, More than1 million acres ofrange and November6,1958.Two Montana proj other land which,were ects,MilkRiverandBuffaloCreek, purchased for use of 10 Discussed exchange of lettersbetween the Secre- 25 Federal Register 1960,page 5845; and 28 taries of Agriculture and the Interior, Federal Register 1963, page 6268: 213.1. November 1, 1937, December 10, 1937,and February 2, 1938. 33 Indian farmers and stockmen in increasingmeans of achieving better use of problem livestockproduction and incomes, wereareas. assigned to the custodianship of the Bureau Management variesgreatly of Indian Affairs. These projects were setupon the need, public interest, anddepending avail up to aid 30 orrnoretribalgroups,and wereable funds for management and develop widely scattered. For instance, there werement. Many areas are used by largenurn.. projects at Pine Ridge, S. Dak.; Fort Peck,bers of people for recreation,campirg, Mont.; White Earth, Minn.; Seminole, Fla.; hunting, fishing, and educationalactivities and Cherokee, Okla. such as study of forestry, wildlife1and Since these projects were establishedfornatural featuresby students and you1g agricultural production, the land acquiredpeople's groups. Other land is used for was generally at least equal in quality todemonstration areas and experimental plots contiguous land. Most of the land was suit- in connection with agricultural education able for gainful use for grazing1 hay andand research. Some areas are now reaching other feed crops, or forestry. the point where, through management and development, they have sizable incomes, or are self-supporting from sale of forest Management by State and Local Agencies and other products, and from users' fees and sale of licenses. Use of State parks and Some 80 of the land utilization projects1forests is especially heavy in the Eastern totaling 1.3 million acres, were transferredand Central Regions near centers of popula- to State and local agencies. About 75per-tion where outdoor recreation areasgen- cent of this acreage was granted or solderally are small and scarce. tothe agencies by the Forest Service Among the notable examples of State- during 1954-61 (table 11). managed projects in the East and Central Nearly all the areas are managed forRegions are Bladen Lakes State Forest, multiple uses, but the 4 most importantN.C.; Clemson School Forest, S.C.; Poinsett usesarefor parks, forests, and wild-and Cheraw State Parks, S.C.; Rock Eagle life refuges, and for experiment stationsState Park, Ga.; Hard Labor Creek State tostudyanddemonstratewaysand Park, Ga.; Warm Springs State Park, Ga.; Yellowwood StateForest,md.;Zaleski TABLE II. --Grants and sales of land utili- State Forest, Ohio; Tar HollowState Forest, zation project land to State arid local Ohio; French Creek State Park, Pa.; Catoctin agencies, 1954_l96l1 State Park, Md.; and Lake of the Ozarks State Park, Mo. Region GrantsSalesTotal 1,0001,0001,000 acresacresacres Plans for Long-Range Use and Management Iortheast 149 0 149 In 1954-55, studies and hearings on pro- Lake States 79 14 93 posals for use and management of land orn Belt 53 0 53 utilization project land revealed that there 4orthern Plains had been occasional public misunderstand. 3 0 3 ing of the advantages and disadvantages ppalachian 192 14 205 that might be involved in disposing of the $outheast 294 114 409 land already in use for special purposes, t)elta States 10 46 56 especially where large tracts were involved. outhern Plains 23 0 23 Study of the proposals indicated that dis- fountain 3 0 3 position of this land should be the result of 'acific ------an objective evaluation of the individual projects and of how they could best serve Total, 48 States 806 188 994 the needs of the regions, communities, and people of the areas in which they were Record of disposition of land utiliza- located (h). tion project land to May 15, 1961, which Several public hearings were held and a was transferred to the Forest Service Jan. number of congressional bills were con- 2, 1954. Prior to Jan. 2, 1954, approxi- sidered. After study of the situation and the mately 300,000 acres were transferred to need for the land utilization project areas State and local agencies, making a total of forforests,grassland,recreation,and about 1,300,000 acres. wildlife, and for conservation of land and 34 water, the general decision was that the managed and used wider authority ofthe ]andshouldcontinuetobeheld underBankhead..Jones Farm Tenant Act of 1937 Federal and State ownership, and to beas amended. This policy has been followed.
APPRAISAL OF THE LAND UTILIZATION PROGRAM A notable accomplishment of the landsources in the purchase areas and adjacent utilization program was that for the firstto them so people could have better oppor- time it demonstrated to the public thepoten-tunities for adequate incomes. As thesur- tialities of a definite agricultural land policyrounding farmers and ranchers observed for poor farmland, whoseuse was un- theland use practices on the projects, economic in the common types of fieldcropsimproved practices and better management and with the usual forms of cultivationandspread beyond the borders of the projects. management. Poor land and poor people dc. The land utilization lands today serve their pendent on farming were ata point where a regions well in land use planning, adjtist- program was needed to preserve landre-ments to better land use, establishment sources and to rehabilitate the peopleon that ofconservation practices,provisionof land. It was evident that submarginalland permanent sotirces of income, and ftirnish- could not provide adequate family incomes.ing of recreational areas in regions for- Some plan was needed for the futtire,and merly withotit them. some action vital for the present. The land utilization program experience As developed, the program helpedmany may be important in the future. Throtigh destitute families get off relief rolls;ittrial and error, pitfalls to be avoided were provided mtich work for themon develop- discovered and procedtires were workedout ment andconstrtiction projects, or re- which should smooth the way for ftiture pro- settled them on more prodtictive land.It grams, both throtigh redtiction in costs and helped some local governments to redticeavoidance of delays. That the program failed their debt load by payment of delinquentfully to accomplish all its objectives is also taxes. Later, many farmers and rancherstrue, although failure was a matter of de- were helped with grazing permits. Sawmillgree in many instances, and often had the and pulpwood mill operatorswere able topositive effect of teaching lessons for the buy and process timber from theprojects. ftittire. People were provided with opportunities The land retirement program was in- for hunting, fishing, and other formsofatigurated dtiring the greatest depression recreation. in the history of our country, a depression The landutilization program demon-which had severely disrtipted our national strated that public purchase could beusedeconomy. People were willing to grasp at to remove large areas of rtiral land of lowanything that gave them promise of getting productivity from submarginaluses; thatthe economy back to normal. In the 1930's, such land could be converted to beneficialdrought, dtist storms, floods, and insects public tises; that residents couldmove fromalso struck at the hearts of agricultural land of questionable prodtictivity to landregions. Under such circumstances, it was of better productivity; and that poverty-fortunate that a workable program could stricken people who moved could besuc- be put into operation on a national scale. cessfully aided in gainingmore adequateUnder intense pressures to expand oper- incomes and better homes. ations to maximize the relief of distress, Itwas also found that time must be the land program quickly outgrew its orig- allowed to work otit needed adjustments, inal demonstrational character. As Howard and that immediate results should not beTolley, then Chief of the Bureau of Agri- expected from an adjustment program. Thecultural Economics, wrote on December 3, conclusion that time and effort must be1945, in a letter to L. C. Gray, 'The sub- allowed for adjtistment is a point that mustmarginal land program marked a ttirning be emphasized.Itcotild not be asstimed pointinagriculturalpolicyrelative to that, merely because therewere too manyneeded adjustments in use of agricultural farmers with too many acres incrops, theseland and planning for the future." farmers could shift quickly to jobsor other The land utilization program was ad- locations with little effort or cost. ministered by 5 different Federal agencies An additional accomplishment of the land in the first 4 years of its existence, 1934- utilization projects was to build landre- 37. The frequent transfer of administration,
35 and the provisions for joint planning and Some largeholdingswere bought on recommendations by several agencies, con- which occupants and agriculturaloperations tributed to delays and uncertainties in thewere few, but which could be turned into essential plans and necessary actions torecreation areas, public forests, etc.,be.. be taken (70). However, the transfer ofcause of the availability of labor, althàQgh many key personnel along with the programtheirfulldevelopment forrecreational tendedto minimize the problems causeduse was premature in the 193015. Also, by shiftsof responsibility between agen-the program was used to some extentas cies. The achievements of the program ina means for other public agencies to ac- these early years were significant despitequire unIarmed land for their own special the frequent changes in organization, shiftspurposes. in plans, and ups and downs in budgets. Asthe program proceeded,attempts Previous experience in large-scale Fed- were made to answer the questions: What eral acquisition of submarginal farms andis submarginal land? How can submarginal resettlement of the occupants was limited.land be identified? A thoughtful analysis In their struggle to get started, the agenciesby John D. Black (16) began by posing the at times made mistakes, and lost the con-question of whether there is such a thing fidence of the people concerned. Enoughas "unproductive land,'or 'submargjnal people with adequate training and experienceland,'since it is hard to find land which in the work were not always available. On-does not yield some kind of product. Dr. the-job study and training were necessary.Black concluded that if net losses result The work was not always well organized,from farming, the land is nearly always andtitleclearance proved a stumblingbeing misused. Much so-called submarginal block, as it took much time and specializedland is land that is submarginally used; -personnel. Although it improved with ex- forexample, by being planted to corn, perience,procedurein many instancescotton, or wheat, when it is not well suited was slow and cumbersome (156). 11 to these crops but isbetter adapted to The chief handicaps in the efficient admin- grass or trees. istration of the program were (1) the slow QQestions were asked about the effect of legal processes involved in title clearance,the land retirement program on farmland often to the frustration of the person or fam-values and farm incomes inthe areas where ily ostensibly to be benefited; and (2) theland purchases were made. Definite and transfer of the program from one admiths-final answers to these questions could not trative agency to another, with consequentbe made. The influences that agricultural confusion as to aims and methods. To theseprograms exert on land values and incomes 2 handicaps, but mainly asacorollaryof theare very complex, and cannot be explained second, should be added the diversion ofreadily in simple terms, especially when funds available for the program and the use making a long-term projection. of program personnel for activities only Sincethe1930's, new crop varieties, remotely related to the program itself. different Land preparation and cultivation In some cases, allocated ftmds were with-practices, more timely operations with drawn for relief needs, making it necessarymechanization, and better control of plant to cancel options on land, to discontinuediseases and insects have made it possible projects, and to discharge personnel. Into farm some former marginal land with several project areas this caused muchgreater success than in earlier years. disappointment and led to public criticism. Although the Federal Government shared Because of stringent budget and legalthe income from the land with counties, restrictions on the purchase of submarginaltransfer of private land to the Government farmland, questions sometimes aroseas towas looked on as a loss by local govern- whetherthe projects contributed to thements when they realized that they could public works and relief pro gram from whichnot collect taxes or sell tax-reverted land they were financed and at the same timein Government projects. Contradictions in met the other land utilization program ob- local situations were often amazing, how. jectives. The problem of a workable defini- ever. Local units earnestly sought land con- tion of submarginal land applicable to all servation and other Federal projects involv- regions was never fully resolved. ing the purchase of real property, usually with full knowledge of their exempt status. 11Title clearance was greatly facilitatedas time Yet they protested the tax loss and often went on and more experience was gained with thewanted reimbursement for both tax loss and various procedures of land acquisition. any extra public service costs incurred.
36 Because of scattered holdings in some or National Grassand1or some other projects, the Government attimes had titlespecial purpose is involved. to land that blockedareas served by local governments, but local Programs designed toacquire land oc- governments could cupied by low-incomeor isolated families not discontinue servicesto areas underfor their jurisdictionsIn some cases wh the purpose of helpingthe families local governments ereimprove their level of living,and of con- the projects, had little part in plarming verting the land toa less-intensive type or were not fully inform,of agricu1turor to nonagricultural they questionedGovernment purchase andneed to be accompanied by uses, tax imrrninityeven though their status complementary have been improved by mayactivities. The success of theland utiliza- rerroval of poortion program dependedlargely upon the lands from theirjurisdiction. extent to which it was Purchase of land in localgovernrenta supplemented by units did not bringreduction in costs ofother programs1 including Stateand county governrent in all instances zoning to reserve land for theusefor which since the proj- it was best adapted andprograrrs to assist ects did not alwaysfollow boundariesof in the relocation and local units,some isolated settlerswere employment of dis- allowed to remain,and few attempts placed families. Thus,a threefold coopera- made to reorganize local were tiveprogramisnecessary, embracing government serv-public purchase and conversion ices to reflect thechange in landuse and of strategic populatjon.._field in which the areas of submarginal farmlands touses to Government has no authority. Federalwhich they are best adaptedand needed, Thus, it isState and county zoning oflands against probable that the savingsto local govern- occupancy for ments attributed to theland program have uses for which they are been overemphasizedin some instances. physically and economicallyunsuited, and assistancetodisplaced families inre- Federal acquisitionprograms always poselocating and obtaining the question ofpayments in lieu of taxes. employment. Experience with the land Experience from 1934 to 1964shows that the 1930's to the 1960's program fromgenerally the agricultural landutilization indicates that thisadjustment projects have question has not yet beenfully settled to served as good the satisfaction of State derronstrationsofwhat can be done in ments. and local govern- shifting submarginal farmareas to more Experience with the land extensive agriculturaluses such as forestry, cated program indi-pasture, and range, and toneeded public thatsimpleprocedures,readilyareas for wildlife and u.nderstoodandadministered,and recreation. During changed frequently not this 3O-year period muchprivate farm re- contributed to the effi- organization has occurred, with ciency of work andon the whole broughtand lease of the land purchase thebest response fromthe public and necessary for farm from the workerson the projects. In gen- enlargement. Creditprograms and pro- eral, the greater thedegree of uniformitygrams for land and waterdevelopment, and simplicity in improvement, andconservation have like- administration of public wise assisted in bringingabout desirable l'urchase and control ofpublic land use shiftsin land use. In within a State, the greaterthe ease with some Great Plains which the necessary work range areas of private land interspersed out and the can be carried withpublic land1 the entireareas have objectivesof the program been brought under betteruse and manage- achieved. ment by means of long-term A major question involvingsubmarginal agreemerts farm areas was theextent to which public or by allowing all land to be usedby co- purchase could be effectivelyused to bringoperative conservation andgrazing asso- about desirable large-scale ciations. The use of both State andFederal adjustments land was made availableto these associa.. Students of this subject havepointed out tions under cooperative that public acquisitionmust be supplemente agreements pro- by cooperative viding for good practices ofrange manage- programs between Federal,ment underaprogram supervised and State, and local agenciesif good resultscontrolled by Federal and State are to be achieved. it has beenquestioned Govern- whether itis merts. desirable for the Federal A number of theseagreements have ex- Government to undertakeextensive pur..pired, and have been renewed with chase of submarginal farmsin large blocks, similar unless establishment ofa National Park,policy arrangements. Grants andsales have National Wildlife Refuge, been made to States formany of the smaller National Forest,forest, recreation1 and wildlifeareas. The 37 bulk of the acreage in the larger projects Cleardistinction should be madebe. has been added to nearby National Forests tween relief measures taken in a tempo and Federal GrazingDistricts,or hasrary emergency, and measures taken as part been used in establishment of new Nationalof a permanent National program. If this Forests and National Grasslands. Prac-distinction is made, land policy andpro- tices, procedures, and land managementgrams from the outset can better serve a organizations for the land utilization areas useful purpose. cited have been revised as new conditions John D. Black (16), in 1945, wrote "...the and needs arose. program that gets nearest to dealing with The purchase of so large an acreage--this problem isthe land utilization pro- 5.6 million acres--of submarginal farm-gram ... This isthe program for buying landintheGreatPlains was justifiedrundown tracts of land, rehabilitating and 'argely because of the widespread misusereorganizing themintoeconomic units, of the land, resulting in rural poverty andand then leasing them back into private inadequate farm units, and the urgent needownership (or groups of operators). Ap- for increasing opportunities for employ-parently,thisprogramisconceived at ment and income in such communities.present(1945),liketheWisconsin and Here especially, the demonstrational valueNew York programs, mainly as a program of the land utilization projects was shown.for taking land out of regular farm use By exhibiting proper land use to surround- and gettingitinto special uses, such as ing farmers and rancher9 and to the public timber, grazing or meadow. Where shift generally, the improved practices and better of land, largely from one major use class management spread beyond the borders ofto another, is needed--and situations of this the projects. Although the success of thesort are not hard to find- -such procedures program as an educational process hasare indicated." never been fully measured, many people A land retirement program should be in the Great Plains and elsewhere haveparalleled by a program for finding farm stated that they gained from observationjobs. A retirement program cannot solve of and experience with the results of the the1.andproblem when occupantslack land utilization program. better opportunities elsewhere. The largest The major group action alternatives to.areas of poor land are those in need of public purchase of submarginal farm areas reforestation,regrassing,conservation in the Great Plains in the 1930ts werepractices, or drainage--all costly oper- cooperative grazing associations to leaseations which require workers. Itis not and manage large blocks of land as com- inconceivable that Federal programs could munity-type pastures, adoption of land usebe developed to reclaim poor land areas ordinances by soil conservation districts,and furnish employment should itbe needed. rural zoning, block leasing of rangelandsBut whatever means are taken to develop by individual ranchers, graduated taxationincome opportunities for families in poor in accordance with use and capability of land areas, these people should have a part the land, and county control or manage- in the program, and should wholeheartedly ment of land unsuitable for cultivation. It ap- accept the plan. The more responsibility pears that no one of these means alone would local people assume from the beginning, have been entirely satisfactory. They werethe more likely are they to cooperate later. most effective when used in combination. Another lesson learned at some cost is As was observed in land utilization proj- that with the exception of cases calling for ect areas in the 1930's by one writer, ruralimmediate evacuation, familie9 should be zoning followed by relocation will helpwithdrawn from an area gradually and over make both more successful (117). Perhaps an extended period. This procedure will in time, Federal purchase as the most ef-result in less disruption to people, local fective way of correcting abuses can be governments, and social institutions. In the replaced to some extent by moderate public end,it may even prove that all the land educationaland administrativeaids for inan area need not be purchased. By guiding land use, land and water develop-purchasing demonstration areas and using ment, and private settlement, and for super- them for public purposes, the key to sound vising credit and handling tax-delinquentland use over a wide area may be provided 'ands(as for example, under the Fulmer(j). The successful cooperation of the Act).12 Soil Conservation Service and the Farm Security Administrationin carrying out 12PubIic Law No. 395, 74th Cong. 2ndSess., 1936. such a program in some of the Georgia
38 projects has been described on pages 22 andtraining, and to alleviation of poverty. In 23. order to meettheir living expenses, farmers The land utilization program of the 1930's on submarginal land in many areas had was rural development in action. Innumer- concentrated on cash crops of cotton, wheat, ous areas of the country it assisted incorn, and tobacco, had cut over their wood- conservation and improvement of the landlands, or had overgrazed their range. Sub- and water resources, and in protecting themarginal land prevented them on the one health, safety, and welfare of the people.hand from practicing stable types of farring, Its methods of achieving better landuse while on the other hand it forced therto and conservation were directed primarilyexploitative use of land, water, trees, and ateconomic improvement,the physicalgrass. development of land and water being amajor The results of experience with the land means of bringing more jobs, larger in-utiliation program of the 1930's may pro- comes, and social advantages. vide useful guides for future policies and In almost every area where land utiliza-programs dealing with land use adjustment, tion projects were located they led toan conservation, rural development, and alle- increasein work opportunities,tojob viation of rural poverty.
39 ii. EXAMPLES OF LAND UTILIZATION PROJECTS The scopes objectives, and results of the case by itself, because of the wide dif- land utilization program of the 1930's mayference in land use problems in the various be illustrated byI widely different types regions of the country. However, enough of projects. Each of the 12 projects served similarities existed to make studies of ex- somewhat different purposes, according to periences of individual agricultural projects the land use and related problems of theuseful in understanding the program and region where it was located. its results. Casestudies of3 of the agricultural Nine other projects are cited briefly to demonstration projects are given in detailshow the great variety of land use problems, toillustratetheselectionof purchasethe chief types of projects authorized, and areas; their composition; how they weresome of the results of the program. acquired,developed,and managed; and The original names of the 12 projects, theirdisposition,use,and accomplish-and their present status, are given below: merits. Nearly every project was a special
Original land utilizadon projects, Federal and State projects formed from '934-39 land unUzation projects Projects now assigned to Federal use: Piedmont and North Central Oconee National Forest and Hitchid Ex- Georgia (Ga.-3 and 22) perimental Forest Station1 Perkins-Corson (S. Dak.-2l) Grand River National Grassland Badlands Fall River (S. Dak.- I) Buffalo Gap National Grassland Milk River (Mont.-2) Milk River Federal Grazing District Morton County (Kans.-21) Cimarron National Grassland Projects now assigned to State use French Creek (Pa.-7) French Creek State Park Bean Blossom (Ind.-4) Yellowwood State Forest Beltrami (Minn.-3) Beltrami State Wildlife Management Area Bladen Lakes (N.C.-4) Bladen Lakes State Forest Clemson (S.C.-3) Clemson College Forest Sandhills (N.C.-3) Sandhills State Wildlife Management Area New York Land (N.Y.-4) New York State Forest For details of 1960 use, see tabulation on p. 43.
OCONEE NATIONAL FOREST AND ADJACENT WILDLIFE REFUGES, EXPERIMENT STATIONS, AND PARKS Examples of the agricultural land utiliza- laterwere formed the Oconee National tion projects in the Southeastern States areForest, Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge, the Piedmont projects, situated less thanNational and State pasture and forest ex- 75 miles southeast of Atlanta and just northperiment stations, and State andlocalparks of Macon. Figure 11 gives the location ofand recreational areas. Here the purchase the Plantation Piedmont Project (GA-3) and and development of the land in hundreds of other Georgia projects established by 1935.poor, eroded, partly idle cotton farms was The Plantation Piedmont Project was one carried out to show how such land could be of the first projects to be undertaken underrestored and converted to more productive theland utilization program. The otheruses for benefit of the occupants and all Piedmont project, North Central Georgia people of the region. (GA-fl). was started in adjacent Greene The Old Cotton Belt in the 1930's, of County in1937-38. From these projects which the Piedmont projects were a parts 40 ravages of erosion caused continuous row-crop farming.by a century of LONIA LAND UTILIZATION A A 7 PROJECTS IN GEORGIA In 1934, when theprojects Were under.. '935 taken, an estimated90 percent ofthe land n the project areas hadbeen in cultivation at 5orne timein the past 100years. Thou.. sands of acreswere once cleared atgreat labor and put undercultivation for crops. Many thousands ofacres were involvedin therotation fromforest tofields, back to woodsb and then T; or a third clearing.perhaps on to asecond Much of the land,while originallyfer- tile, was not welladapted to row-crop farming because ofcortjnuous S YAU.*1 moderate to steep slopes anderosion. The landrequired either conservationpractices in cultjvaton orlong naturalrestoration pasture and forest. periodsin Acreages of croplandharvested in the counties where the purchaseprojects were located was ata peak from 1910 to 1920, but droppedmore than 50 percent by 1930, more than 80 percent by 1960.Much of the big decline from 1920to 1930 was because of the severe lossesin cotton production resulting from the heavy cotton boll weevil. Erosioninfestation of the - S 0? GIICLJLYU,( damage to the UG. LII 3117-elII) ECONOMIC SCIlSICI. %(.V,c( land also had takena heavy toll in fertility and in suitabilityof land for cultivation. Figure II Insect and erosion damages combined with the in the l90's was arid still is aregion of shifting needs economic losses be- and uses for farmland. cause of the depression inthe 1930's dis- for Changes in demandcouraged farmers from the agriculturalproducts, together withlays required for continued out- competition from new landsof the Mis sjs.. cotton farming. Failure sippi River Deltaand the newly developedto meet expenses for2to3 years left irrigated projects of many farmers, merchants,and bankers in the West, contributedthe area brokeor on the margin of bank- to the shift of landfrom cotton, first to ruptcy. terriporary idleness,then after a fewyears Pasture acreages increased to forest as treeseeds scattered and had during these time to grow. years, along with dairying andbeef cattle Growth of population beyond production.Pasture acreages, however, the capacity of theland to support it fromwere relatejy small, and agricuJturalone led to migrationfrom the occupied only farm to jobs innearby cities and to othera minor part of thecropland left out of States. cuit1vation. By far thegreater part of the The Piedmontprojects were in the Brieruncultivated croplandacreage after a few PatchCountry, yearsof weed,brier,and broomsedge madefamous by Joelgrowth returned rather Chandler Harris. When,3 generationsago, forest. A similar quickly to volunteer Harris wrote thestories told him by Uncle pattern of change inuse Remus about the ofcropland occurred insome 30 other adventures of Br'er Rabbit Lower Piedmont Georgia and Brer Fox,and other fabledoccupants counties. of the fieldsand woodlands of theBrier Patch Country ofthe Lower Piedmont, already was a fading it Land Use Plans in the l930's cotton farm system. example of the old Farms were becoming The Piedmont land Smaller because ofdivisions amongmore utilization projects People dependentupon the land, and lesswere initiated asthe result of detailed productive because of surveys which were made from L93 to depletion of soil and1934 by men from theGeorgia Agricultural
41 Experiment Station, the Bureau of Agricul- funds and changes in the purchase program tural Economics, the Bureau of Chemistry held the acreage actually acquired to 144,000 and Soils, and the Forest Service. The re- acres. This land was developed as planned. sults of these surveys were published, inSeveral hundred workers, some of them part, as research studies (67). Of particu- former occupants of the land purchased, lar interest was a land classification map ofand some of them from nearby farms and the 4 counties of the project area (fig. 12). small towns, were employed for 3 or mQre The original plans, made in cooperationyears in development work. with the people of the area, called for pur- Naturalrestocking of forest areas in chase and development of demonstrationpine trees was aided by managed practices forests,pastures,wildliferefuges, andand fire protection measures, and supple- recreational areas, totaling 150,000 acresmented by planting trees on open idle land. of marginal to submarginal cotton farm-In this manner, many thousands of acres of land.The plans included provisions forbadly eroded, rundown, hilly farmland were resettlement and employment of familiessoon wellstocked with rapidly growing occupying the land purchased. Shortage oftrees. By World War II, 10 years later, the natural forests were beginning to supply much-needed lumber, poles, and pulpwood from sustained-yield cuttings.
Use of Project Resources in the 1960's After 30 years, the public forests are successful commercial operations.Not only do they return a cash income to manage- ment agencies, timber operators, and work- men, but even more important, they serve as visible demonstrations of good forest management in a region where millions of acres of privately owned, unneeded, eroded former cotton farms have reverted to forest. These public forests are watched closely by farmers and owners and operators of forest land.to learn the best ways of forest management. Some of the most productive forest lands I(UTTL(l(NT in the region are marked by old furrows, AHAS asabandoned fields usually have better PIOfiCT AtlAS soil, are easier to prepare and plant to PIDIONT PIOJICT trees, and are more accessible than wood- lands in general. From the 2 Piedmont land utilization projects, 6 land use areas were formed. The demonstrational and recreational fea- PIEDMONT LAND UTILIZATION PROJECT tures of all6 areas are well deveIoped 1.. _I w.bI.kt and widely used. While each unit has been . n,+i set apart for a primary public purpose, all LiJ_.. w. a-"- have varied multiple uses, including forest, S DI SVvEMY OF ACtICULTUSE NEC. It; flIS-U ill 1C0N04C uEtt&UCU %I..4C, wildlife,pasture,recreation,watershed protection, conservation demonstration, and Figure 12 education.
42 Listed below are the major useareasCentral Georgia Land UtilizationProjects formedfromthePiedmont and North (GA-3 and GA-U):
Major Use Assignments, 1961 Administering Agency Acres1 Oconee National Forest Forest Service Uncle Remus Ranger District (GA-3) 67,933 Redlands Ranger District (GA-22) 28,133
Total Oconee National Forest 96,066
Hltchiti Experimental Forest (GA-3) 4,592
Total, Forest Service 100,658
Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge (GA-3) Fish & Wildlife Serv. 27,614 Georgia State Experiment Station (Pasture & Forest) (GA-3) Ga. State Expt. Sta. 14,315 Rock Eagle State Park & 4-H Club camp Ga. State Park Serv. & and center (GA-3) State University 1,452 Jones County Recreational Area (GA-3) County Board of Commissioners 199
Total (GA-3) 116,105 Total (GA-22) 28,133
Grand total 144,238 1From adminlsterthg agency records and reports, 1961. Income and Expenditures for personal and contract services, sup- plies, and materials used for maintenance, Timber Sales protection of the area, and improvements such as access roads and development of Timber sales from the Oconee Nationalrecreational areas. E Forest for the 9 years 1955-63 averaged The lease under which the project was 12,963 thousand feet board measure, andoperated by the soil conservation districts were valued at $354,064. Timber sales in-expired at the end of 1961. Beginning with clude sales of pulpwood, fuel wood, and 1962, the land has been managed directly poles, as well as lumber. All timber sales bytheNational Forest Supervisorfor have been converted to thousand feet boardGeorgia, according to regulations govern- measure for the sake of summarizing totaling the administration of National Forests. volurrte and value. Accordingtothe auditor's report, $298,639.38 was expended in1961 from accumulated receipts from sale of project The Uncle Remus Ranger District products from the land, for improvement of the land in the Uncle Remus Ranger As an illustration of the income from District. The improvements included con- project lands, a summary of receipts andstruction of 19.7 miles of road to serve the disbursements is presented here for thecommercial forestareasatacost of Uncle Remus Ranger District of the Oconee $172,261.07, development of 2 new recrea- National Forest. The 1960 auditor's report tionareas, Hillsboro Lake and Sinclair showedreceiptsof$388,294,ofwhich Lake Recreation Areas, at a cost of $360,904 was from the sale of forest prod-$120,590.43, and construction of a water ucts.Total disbursements for 1960 weresystem and well at project headquarters $322,910. Most of the disbursementswere at a cost of $5,787.88.
43 Recreation Management The recreation area improvements con- Since 1943, the adminjtering agencj3 sisted of paved access roads; cleared andfor areas now in the Oconee National Forest graded campsites, picnic grounds, parkingand the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge lots, and trails; buildings such as bathhousesprojects have had a cooperative wildlife and rest arid dressing rooms; water andprogram with the Georgia Game and Fish sewer systems; and grills,picnic tables,Commission. The wildlife management area boat docks, swimming facilities, garbagecontains about 43,000 acres of private and and trash cans, arid other essential equip-Government land, managed for deer, wild ment. The roads in the forest were builtturkey, and other wildlife. Three managed chiefly to provide access to commercial for-deer hunts have been held in recent years est areas for maintenance work, protection (1959-63) with some 1,000 or more hunters from fire, cutting arid handling timber, andparticipating. use by rangers, game wardens,and hunters. The remainder of the project area is Additionalrecreational facilities wereopen seasonally for small-game hunting. beingdevelopedin the Oconee NationalAs a result of the management area pro- Forest in 1963 and 1964. One roadside parkgram, deer have increased and spread to has been completed and picnic areas de-adjoining areas to such an extent that a veloped at Z lakes, plus Z wayside parks in 15-day open season before the managed the western part of the area. Facilities arehunts is possible on both the project and available for boating at 2 areas, and swim-county lands outside of the management ming at one. Two camping sites have beenarea. There is close cooperation with the completed recently and several other camp- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service program on ing sites are also planned in different areas.the adjoining Piedmont National Wildlife The visitors to recreation areas in the Refuge, formerly a part of the land utiliza- Oconee National Forest averaged 45,700tion project area. per year from 1959 to 1963. The number The Piedmont land utilization projects increased to more than 75,000 annually inhave cooperated in and helped support a 1963 and 1964. fire-control agreement with the Georgia Recreation is one of the major uses ofForestry Commission, the Fish and Wild- the Piedmont project areas. In addition to lifeService, the Hitchiti Experimental HillsboroLake andSinclair Lake, newForest, the Forest Service, andthe Georgia recreational areas in the Oconee NationalAgricultural Experiment Station project. Forest, there are 2 older sites. One ofThis cooperative program is closely re- these recreation sites, the Rock Eagle Parklated to the operations of a local pulp mill development, is centered around a famous and lumber company holdings adjoining the Indianrock mound- -a prehistoric effigyarea. that has been restored, in Putnam County, The area is particularly suited for con- near Eatonton. The 100-acre lake provides tinuedmultiple - useadministrationand facilities for picnics, bathing, boating, andmanagement. It has a definite relationship fishing. It first was leased, then transferred to the watershed needs and benefits of the by grant, to the 4-H Club Group Camp andlocal community. It lies within the water- Center. The public has access to bathing,shed of the large Georgia Power Company boating, and picnic facilities on one side SinclairLake development, immediately of the lake. Other historical sites in the southofthe project, and iswithin the area are the ruins of one of the earliestwatershedof the proposed Green Brier cotton mills in Georgia, built about 1812 inCreek Flood Prevention Project. the Scull's Shoal area, and two large pre- Multiple-use management for forests, historic Indian mounds about one-half mile wildlife,pastures,hunting,fishing, and southof thissite. Another recreationalrecreation, and demonstrations of develop- unit, which has been in use for severalment, conservation, and use of land and years at Miller Creek Lake inJones County water are practiced throughout the 144,238- near Gray, consists of a 25-acre lake thatacre project area, thus insuring use of all provides facilities for picnicking, bathing,resources to good advantage. The concept boating, and fishing. It was transferred by ofmultiple useis,of course, modified grant to the Board of Commissioners forwhere needed for recognition of paramount Jones County. rights and responsibilities.
44 GRAND RIVER NATIONAL GRASSLAND3 After painstaking study from 1954to 1960 Land utiLization projectsorganized in South by the Forest Service ofthe best use arid Dakota, and one of the Last managerrent procedures for the land utiliza projects initiated tion projects in the Great in the Nation. As a resj1t,it profited from Plains, several experience gained in otherareas. Figure 13 agricultural projects inSouth Dakota were shows the location of the established as National GrasslandsIn 1960, Perkins_Corson the Perkins -Corson project and other projects in SouthDakota. was established One reason for management ofgrazing as the Grand River National Grassland. on National Grasslands by grazing ThePerkjns...Corson LandUtilization ciations is that it furnishes a readyasso.. Project representeda completely different means situation from that in ofextendingu.niforrnland use controls Piedmont Georgia.beyond the boundaries ofpurchased land, Here, land used for drylandfarming withand thus assists in better exceptionally low wheat yieldswas acquired ue and mainte- and converted intoa grazing area, andnance of the entire area than if undertaken farmers and ranchers tract by tract. The land in the GrandRiver on land purchasedNational Grassland is managed withasso- were aided in relocating on betterland. The ciated private and public landby a State- projectcontains155,428acres, locatedauthorized grazing association along the Grand Riverin Perkins and Cor- undera son Counties. The project grazing agreement with the ForestService. was the last of 5Livestock are grazedon the land under a
LU50 31-5 PONT SULLY
octo.c1.13. LAND lJTLIZAT,ON POJCCS
SOUTH DAKOTA
U S 01.40.1*, 0' Sc., tG0* Ofl luwisu flICVLTIt ICOOMICS Figure13.--South Dakotaland utilization projects.
3 References used in preparing this section are bibliographyreferences (5, 46,, and 133), and a paper presented at a ranger-manager meeting, Custer NationalForest, March 1955, by D. A. Dyson, entitledPhilos- ophy and General Policies of Land Utilization--HowIt Was Accepted by the User. 45 counties common permit systemby farmers andturn, often became bankrupt. The ranchers who have anadequate feed basetook some land by tax deed, and the State to support their livestockduring the timeforeclosed on some which hadbeen financed controlled land. uider the South Dakota Rural Credit Pro- they are not on association gram. County and StateGovernments and credit agencies tried to keep the land in Land operation, and to avoid taking title to large History of the South Dakota numbers of tracts where there appeared to- Utilization Projects be any hope of payment of taxes and mort- refused to take Thelandutilizationproject areas ingage loans. They frequently western South Dakota consistof some ofa deed to land for debtsunless they had a for cultivatedpurchaser in sight. There was considerable the poorest land in the State public feeling against State, county,and crops.Beforethe homesteader reached these areas, ranchers were usingthis landcredit agency foreclosures. without permit. Land near water washeavily grazed, while many areas withoutwaterSuitability of the Land for nearby were not used at all. DuringthatCultivated Crops period, access to water was a key to con- A hard fact of life about the GrandRiver trolofsurroundingland.Becausethe areaisthe low and uncertain rainfall, rancher was often withost legalcontrol ofaveraging only14 inches per year from sufficient range for efficient ranch opera- 1907 to 1937, with many dry yearsand few tions, he concentrated on controlof accesswet years. In the areas with better soils to water as a means of controllingland to and topography, successful production of which he had no valid claims toownership. wheat and roughage is possible ifcombined But the homestead acts upset thislimitedwith stockraising. But most of the area, degree of control, as the potentialfarmerbecause of limited moisture andrugged settler was allowed to homestead any un- terrain, is suitable only for grazing. reservedportionofthe public domain. Homestead laws required that a house beSettlement Patterns and People built on the land and that a certain acreage of land be cultivated. The firsthomesteads Because of the unsuitability for farming, were 160 acres. Later, in1909, 320 acres thepatternofsettlement on smallto were allowed, and in1916, it became pos- medium-sized farms, established as a re- sibleto homestead 640 acres, butthese sult of the homestead laws, was bound in changed rules came too late, formuch oftime to have some unfortunate consequences in 160- in crop failures, low incomes, farmfore- this area had already been settled people acre farms. closures, and tax delinquency. The In the1920's, the combined effectsof who flocked to this area from 1907 to 1912 limited rainfall, drought, small farms,low were, in great part, thosewho had little prices,hightaxes,anddecliningcropexperience in the dryland farming that is yields began to be felt. Propertyvalues required in the Western Great Plains Re- declined, crops failed, tax delinquencybe- gion. Those who had farmed were largely came commonplace, andpeople began tofrom the North Central States and other move away. But thesituation deterioratedregions where moisture was moreabundant so generally and so graduallythat it attractedand more certain. Moreover, they settled little public attention. However, in thefol- in numbers too great for theland. Pericins lowing decade of the 1930's, theprolonged County in 1912 had morethanl3,000 people. drought, the depression, and the changes inIn 1960 it had fewer than 6,000 people. systems of farming combined toaggravate In1937, 506 farms, largely in Pericins the situation. As a result, the whole NationCounty, were studied by landeconomists became more aware of the need for someand farm management experts. Morethan remedial ps.blic action. 25 percent of the farms wereunoccupied, Many crop farmers in western Southand 35 percent of the cropland was idle or Dakota found themselves stranded on un- abandoned. Due to the drought of the 1930's, economic farms, heavily in debt, and with the average number of cattle haddropped no reserve of capital or credit tocontinue from 18,000 to 4,000 and of sheep, from or to expand their operations toefficient44,000 to 25)000. Nearly 25 percent of the size. Many tracts of land were left idle, orfarms had been taken over by mortgage abandoned entirely; some were foreclosedforeclosures by creditors, and by counties by loan companies and banks, which) infor tax delinquencies. Someof this was 46 because of severe droughts and the greatand roads and the building depres sionof thel930's, but much wasthe grazing of firebreajcs by because ofthe normal uncertaintyof cropsavings to localassociation governments resulted insome farming onsmall to medium-sized dryland farms in anarea unsuitable for farming. Resettlement of Families Purchase and Developmentof the Project After acquisition ofthe land, one ofthe Some observerssuggested that the wayfirst problems wasrelocation of families to solve the problem inthe poor areaswas whose homes werepurchased. This prob- to let the pattern ofland use and ownershiplem was largely confinedto those who had readjust itself. Butexperience in the Greatinsufficient means to rentor buy land, or Plains and otherregions as well had shownwho lacked skills for otherjobs. Resettle- that the problem oflow income andcropment aid was given to thosemost in need failure is not subjectto quick adjustment,of help in finding homesand jobs. Many with indjvidnals, firms,and State and localothers were given employmenton the project agencies bearing the costs.As an alterna- removing unneeded buildingsand fences; tive, a Federal landutilization purchasebuilding dams andrecreation areas; and program was established, toacquire andmaking land improvements,including re- improve for grazing 155,000acres offarm-seeding cropland areas tograss, erosion land as an aid tolivestock farmers and tocontrol, and water conservationmeasures. the con-imwütyas a whole. The land acquiredconsisted of scattered tracts within a designatedproject area, Later Administration andUse usually in a pattern suitedto grouping into community pastures. Tracts whichappeared Grazing to be satisfactoryranch headquartersgen- The project was administered erally were not purchased.The small farms, by the rough lands, and dry tracts Soil Conservation Serviceor held under its needed for con-custodianship during the period of trol of access andwater appear to havetion and the stages of acquisi. made up most of thepurchases. In some development from cases of isolated tracts, adjacent 1938 to1954. Administrationwas trans- and State land county ferred from the Soil ConservationService was purchased or publicto the Forest Service in1954. At present, domain, land wastransferred to the projectit is administered under to block in an area. Ofthe approximately a lO-year agree- 500,000 acres, 30 ment with the Grand RiverCooperative percent was purchased.... Grazing Association, signed a smaller proportion than insome other in 1961. South Dakota projects. Most The agreement between theForest Serv- of the landpur ice and the grazingassociation contains chased from privateowners had improve- specifications for use and ments, and a Part had beenplowedfor crops. maintenance of By August 1943, 19,000 the land and improvements.The primary acres had beenrestriction is that the land be usedonly for seeded, 33 dams and dugoutsfor holding grazing and that grazing be water constructed, and Z10miles of new limited to the fences built around number of animal units it is determinedthe community pastures.range can carry for a certainnumber of Further work has been donesince thatsummer and fall months. A Forest Service time. From 1943 to 1959,much was done by the grazing association ranger supervises overall administration in improvementof the ranger district andassists in devel- and maintenance of landand waterre- opment and recommendations for sources through use of a portion ofthe fees use. A chargedforgrazing permits, as directtotal of 182,129 acresare managed by the Federal payments for these association,including155,428 acresof creased. purposes de- landutilizationproject land and Z6,701 acresof privately owned and State and The removal of 162 farmoperating units county owned land. in the project area affectedseveral schools, and some were closed The grazing associationtsmaintenance others in the coimties.or consoljated withsupervisor and his assistants distribute tracts The grouping ofsalt, maintain the stock oilers,repair the into community_typepastures andapproximately 385 miles of boundary fence, the removal of otherland from farmingand do the required maintenance made it possible to closeroads or to reduce on springs, road maintenance. The wells, dugouts, andreservoirs. Most of the closing of schoolsdevelopments for watering the stockhave 47 been financed by the grazing association.projects have been completed to protect Maintenance of the 231 miles of fireguards existing habitats for this species and de- is by the grazing association. velop new ones. Hungarian partridge occur The grazing association owns and main- throughout the area, but the population is not tains a rural firetruck that is stationed ingreat. Chinese pheasant are found alongthe Lemmon and is operated by the city fire river and on cropland near the brushy draws. department. Fire detection has not been There are approximately 4miles of too great a problem, because most ranches shoreline under Forest Service jurisdiction and farms have telephones. Fire suppres- along Shadehill Reservoir. There are plans sion in practically all cases has been byfor a boat ramp and sanitary facilities on the local fire departments from Lemmon,one of the points, if demand warrants it. Bison, Hettinger, Glad Valley, or Lodgepole, The Grizzly Campground, completed in 1962, with assistance from ranchers and farmers. isappreciated and used by many people. The local fire departments have radio con- About three-fourths mile of access road tact with the State Highway Department; thewas constructed in 1963 from the camp- Game, Fish, and Parks Department; the ground to a State Game, Fish, and Park road. Highway Patrol; the game warden; and the local police. There are 21 community pastures in the Income and Expenditures Grand River Grassland, ranging from 1,280 acres up to more than 18,000 acres, and The average Federal income received 48 private allotments. Range condition map-per year, 1954 to 1962, for the use of the ping has been completed. Allotment plans 155,OCO acres of Federal land in the Grand are completed for only a few of the allot-River National Grassland was $43,106. ments. Grazing permits issued to an average of 138 ranchers during the 6 years 1959 to Recreation 1964 ranged from 58,240 animal-unit months Deer and antelope are plentiful and useof grazing in 1959 to 50,700 in 1964. This the entire area. There are some areasrepresented 6 months' grazing for 7,526 where deer are somewhat concentrated,head of cattle and 4,620 sheep in 1964. but it is not uncommon to find mule deer Because of drought, the stocking rates have anywhere in the area. White-tailed deervaried from year to year. are found along the Grand River and its Average annual receipts, expenses for brush-lined tributaries. local management and maintenance, and Sharptail grouse are fairly numerous but capital expenditures for development 1959- their habitats are becoming sparse. Several 62, are listed below: - Average annual income Item Average number or expenditures Income from-- Grazing. 1954-62 58,244 anImal-unit months1 $24,735 Mineral leaseg, 1954-62 109 mineral leases 13,571 Land use, 1954-62 706 acres in hay and other crops2 4,800 Recreation, 1962 50,800 visits Wildlife, 1962 inventory 3,400 antelope 900 white-tailed deer 2,000 mule deer Total 43,106 Expenditures for-- Local management, oper- ation and maintenance, 1959- 62 31,456 Development and capital improvements, 1960-62. 3,178 1 month's grazing tenure by 1 mature cow or steer, or 5 sheep. 2Includes sale of crested wheat grass seed when there was a good seed crop. Source: Summarized from tables prepared by the project management field office of the Forest Service. January 1964. 48 Changes, 1955-64 tional and physical landproblems which led There were several to abusive use of croplandwere different significant changes tnthe ? cases. The contrastsare interest- in the character of the project from1955 to ing and significant. Possibly 1964. The first andmost important has to even the cri- do with the size of teriaforevaluating thesuccess of the each ranch u-nit. In 1955, program in each case need to bedifferent. the private ranchunits associated with the In studying the projects project appeared to be smallerthanaveragemade togetanswerstoquestj05.attempts were for the community,with many units relying (1) What entirely on project lands for was the economic effect of thepurchase summer pas-programs on the agriculture of thecornmu.. ture. Now almost alloperators have addi-nities?(Z) How has the development tional private pasture,and the average size and of their permits adjustment of agriculture differedwithin is no indication of theand outside of the projectareas? These Z scale of their operations. questions are of course clo5ely The grazing feesare based on a Govern- related, and ment charge, and also include very difficult to answer, unless theeffects grazing association. costs ofof the program happen to bevery great. In operations, and some thesecases,nopositive answers were additional charge for developmentand main- available, since agriculture has tenance. The Grand River GrazingAssocia. changed tion, incorporated in greatly in the 30-year periodsince initia- 1940, has strengthened tion of the projects becauseof improved and improved its leadershipin developmentpractices, mechanization, and shifts and maintenance ofpublic and private land. in type t of farming and landuse. However, there were some judgments by individualsthat the projects were beneficial and byotherg Achievements of the Project that they were not of great effectin changing Public objectives, the type of agriculture. as described in part I, In the Georgia Piedmont projectarea, p. 12, for the land use program in the Greatthe number of farms and amount of Plains, weremore completely achieved in land in the Perkjns_Corsonproject than in somerow crops has declined to less than Z5per- other cent of the peak production period.The projects. There are a numberof change was large prior to the 1930's, reasons for this. First, the landwas pur- be- chased in fairly solid blocks. cause of boll weevil infestation, erosion, Second, the low productivity, and decliningcotton yields. grazing association itselfpurchased many Shiftsto of the isolated tracts thatremained in the generalized livestock farming, project area Third, the grazing dairying, and forestry already hadstarted associationinthe l920's, together with heavyout- was able to provide leadership inthe de-migration velopment and administration of of farm people. The Georgia area. For these reasons, the projectPiedmont projects were a demonstrationof commlinitypas_ what could be done to stabilizeconditions tures in the project have beenrelativelyand to change and improve landuse and successful and the relationship ofthe graz-development. ing association and Federaladministrators In the Grand River National Grassland h.been generally harmonious. area, formerly the Perkins-Corson Land Utilization Project, there likewiseare spec- ulations by observersas to effects and Comparison of the Georgia Piedmontand changes. It is difficult to separate the effects the Perkjns-Corson Land Utilization of the project from theeffects of many Projects other factors that promoted change between the1930's and the1960's. The general While the same generalprogram objec- opinionsexpressed are that the project tives were pursued in boththe Georgia andhas been useful to thearea. In making South Dakota landutilization projects, thecomparisons between land utilization proj- origin of the problem ineach case wasects, it is well, to remember that significant different. The HomesteadAct, leading tocontrastsexistbetween projects in the l60-acre farms ina poor dryland area, GreatPlainsas well as between those was a factor in South Dakota,but not inprojects and projects in other regions. Georgia. A century of intensiverow-crop In summary, no meaningful comparisons cultivation of erodible1 slopingland under can be made among land utilization projects a share tenancy systemwas a chief factorwithout balancing many factors. Thesuc- in Georgia. In fact,nearly all the institu-cess of a project should be measured in 49 terms of the location andcondition of the development,improvement, and majnte- land when purchased; the amountof land riance; the effect of transfers of admnjnjs- purchased; the time and money neededfor trative responsibility; and so on.
BUFFALO GAP NATIONAL GRASSLAND'4 The Buffalo Gap National Grassland, or- Early Development ganized from the Badlands-Fall River Land Utilization Project (SD1-South Dakota), is This land, where well managed, produced located in Custer, Jackson, and Penningtonfair native pasture. Restoration of the grass Countiesinsouthwestern South Dakota.cover was accomplished between 1935 and Work here was initiated in 1934, with project 1941 and the area was devoted to grazing headquartersatHotSpringsand Wall,under controlled conditions. Erosion con- S. Dak. Following acquisition and develop- trol measures were instafled and pasture ment, the project was administered by thewas improved by planting grass, construct- Department of Agriculture in cooperationing dams to conserve water and create with local grazing associations. watering places for stock, building check dams, developing springs, and eradicating harmful rodents. Fences and auto passes Description and Justification (cattle guards, or special entrances for vehicles only) were built. Two game sanc- The 550,000 acres in the project aretuaries were established to protect wildlife. characterized by wide expanses of gently Completion of the project placed the grazing rollingprairiegrasslandwith rougher industry of the area on a more stable basis terrain and badland formations along theand provided a demonstration of reclama- White and Cheyenne Rivers. At the time oftion and better land use methods applicable purchase, 86 percent of the land was into millions of acres of similar land in the pasture, 13 percent in cropland, and 1 per-northern Great Plains. cent in wasteland. Cropland was of reason- During the 54 weeks of operation prior ably good-quality clay soils, but because of toJanuary 1,1937, an average of 269 the lack of rainfall, grain yields were Z tomen were employed on thisproject 4 bushels an acre. Farms averaged Z45 weekly. acres in size, too small for economic crop production under the semiarid conditions and types of farming pursued. Rangeland Families Residing on Land was badly overgrazed, leaving little vegeta- tion to retard the flow of spring rains and Three-hundred and thirty-seven familie9 afford protection from driving winds. Con- lived in the project area in 1934-35. Nearly sequently, wind and water erosion causedall these families moved from the project great damage. Living conditions here inarea;120required assistance in relo- the 1930's varied from fairly good to ex- cating. tremely poor. Of 706 families studied, 412 were dependent on relief. Inadequate hous- ing, lack of medical care, and scarcity of drinking water and food were prevalent. Use of the Project Land, 1959-63 Many children suffered from undernourish- ment and ill health. The half-million acres of range furnished There were no organized recreationalforage for an annual average of 20Z,318 facilities. Seventy-six small country schoolsanimal-unit months of grazing in the 5 years with an average of less than 7 pupils per1959-63. Average Federal income and ex- school were scattered throughout the area.penditures during these years are listed There was a high rate of tax delinquency. on the following page. '4Buffalo Gap National Grassland records. Forest Service records, 1954-64, and unpublished notes of Loyd Glover. S. Dak. State Univ. and Expt. Sta., and Norman Landgren, Econ. Res.Serv., were used in preparing this section.
50 I tern Average annual Average number Income or expenditures 1959-63 income from-- Grazing 202,318 anlmaJ..ut months1 $92,410 Mineral leases 151 leases Hay and other crops 21.912 177 acres 255 Total $114,577 Recreadon Wildlife inventory 44,490 visIts 1.600 antelope 83 whlte..tajled deer Watershej 720 mule deer AU areas are useful ror watershj purposes Expenditures for localmanagement, opera- don, and development. i 962-64 $69,397 1 month's grazing by 1mature cow or steer, or 5 sheep.
There are 4 improvedrecreational areas for camping andpicnicking. Hunting, fish- Ran e Improvements Inventory ing, hiking, riding,sightseeing, and nature study are importantactivities of the visi- Including those made priorto 1954, range tors. Plans have beenmade for additionalimprovements in the FallRiver Ranger recreational facilities. District consist of 446stockwater dams In addition to thedeer and antelope listedand dugout water holesor ponds, 18 wells, in the wildlife inventory,there are numerous 1 spring, 382 miles of fence,21 cattle guards, and 1 small game animalsand game birds, includ- barn,at a total cost of ing wild turkeys. $685,390. Improvementsare financed in part by Federal agenciesand in part by per- mittees, with permittees doingsome of the Fall River Ranger work according toagreement. Plans for District developmentandmaintenance originate TheFallRiver RangerDistrict, theprincipally with the ForestService. largest of the 2 districtsin the grassland,Special- Use Permits contains310,000 acres ofusable range from the land utilizationproject area. The number of cattle The most numerousspecial-use permits permitted was 12,283, andto authorize accessare found in connection the number of sheep 5,634,for an averagewith uranium mining grazing season of slightlyover 6 months. claims, oil andgas The number oflivestock was just aboutleases, and rightsof..wayfor power, pipe- equal to the appraisedcarrying capacity.lines, ditches, and fences.These access permits are, of course, distinctfrom those Nearly two-thirds of theanimal-unit months legal instruments which of grazingpermitted were on National to grant access rights Grassland and one-thirdon private land minerals. Mining inrangeland areas fenced and used with often increases damage,by dumping waste the Grassland. Theand by creating erosionas earth is dug and average permit on theGrassland was for moved. 67 animalunits, and on the Grasslandand the enclosed privateland combined was for Range Management 105 animal units.Direct perrriitteesnum- bered 110 and grazingdistrict perrnittees 90.Nearly alloperators had additional The National Grasslandsare allotted to Summer pasture. ranchers as individualsor groups for graz- ing specified numbersof livestock. Size of
51 allotment isbased on amount of former Use of Project in 1964 use as well as on weatherand range con- ditions. One of the aims of the land use purchase. Range analysis field work has been com- program was to extend good land use beyond pleted on the 16Z National Grassland grazingthe boundaries of the land purchased. Ii allotments to ranchers. Maps are finishedthe Great Plains this was accomplished by for 1 17 allotments. Management plans have forming grazing as sociations and putting all been or are being written on 29 allotments.the land these associations controlled under Itwill be necessary to review the rangea Federal grazing associationpartnership analysis on about 10 percent of the allot-type of management. In the Buffalo Gap ments to make corrections and improveGrassland,64percent of the permitted thedata. Management plans need to begrazing is on the Federal land and 36.per- written for 133 allotments. cent is on private fenced land withinor near Sixindividual allotments to ranchers, the grassland. It was originally assumed that including a total of 34,407 acres, are underthe grazing associations would add to their intensive management. Two allotments have grazing land by leasing the county tax deed established systems of rest rotation, and 4land, but the counties chose to sell this allotmentsareunder deferred rotation.land and thus put it back on the tax roll. TheShirttailallotmentismanaged Management problems have been critical underasystemofdeferredrotation,at time,s in recent years, because of drought which isa part of the revegetation pro-and consequent variations in carrying gram. capacity of range from year to year. Re- Grazing agreements were in effectin curring periods of low and high rainfall and 1964 with 2 cooperative grazing districts,accompanying changes in forage production the Pioneer and Indian Districts. The Pio- necessitate yearly consideration of adjust- neerDistrict includes 101,935 acres andments in stocking rates. It is not a routine has 67 members. The Indian District in-matter or a simple operation to issue graz- cludes 49,050 acres, with 23 rancher mem- ing permits or to adjust them to changes in bers. The Cottonwood District, for which acarrying capacity. Ranchers, grazing asso- cooperative agreement was being developedciation representatives, and ranger8 must in1964, contains 53,355 acres of projectwork cooperatively to maintain a beneficial land. working relationship. The needed contacts Wildlife developments consist of 2 water- to obtain this relationship require time and ing places for wild turkey and 6 fencednumerous ranch and field visits and much habitat areas which have been developedoffice work by rangers. Rangers are said over a period of years. Trees and shrubsto need more time than they now have for have been planted in the habitat areas. grazing association and permittee contacts Browse and berry-producing shrubs haveon the ground to work out grazing use been planted within fenced areas surround- arrangements and problems satisfactorily ing 4 developed springs. Three big-gamefrom both the private and public standpoint. and browse production and utilization areas In the Buffalo Gap National Grassland are being maintained. more land is grazed under individual allot- In1964, 8 stockwater dams and dugoutments than in the Grand River National ponds or water holes were constructed onGrassland. Only a limited number of com- National Grassland allotments by permit-munity pastures are possible because of tees. The Forest Service shared one-halfthe widely scattered acreage interspersed the cost by allowing grazing fee credits.with other public and private holdings. The Surveys and plans were made by the Forest Federal agency administering the land has Service range technician. In addition, thehad to provide the leadership for develop- range technician surveyed and preparedment of the land. In a few cases there have cooperativea g r e e me nt sfor4 damsbeen differences over policy which required andaspringthat were constructed bytime to adjust satisfactorily. As a result, permittees at no cost to the Forest Serv-development of this land has not been as ice. fully achieved as in some other areas.
52 MILK RIVER GRAZING DISTRICTPROJECT15 Characteristic ofthe land work in theGreat Plains isdevelopment This projectwas the second 953,000-acre Milk that of thethe Nation.It consisted largest in in Phillips, River Project(LtJ-MT-Z)from private of land acquired Valley, and BlameCounties in owners, intermingledwith Montana(fig.14).The objective public domainland. Private developmentwas to convert of theland wasacquired and dryfarming pasture and overgrazedgrazing area, converted intoa abandoned farmlandsinto pro- while theimpoverished dry- ductive,permanent, andstabilized land wheatfarmers were aided Grass wasrestored on the range. onto bettertracts. The area in moving giving it a land both byinto State grazing was organized period of rest inwhich to natu- association districtsand rally reseed,and by artificially used undersuitable conservational where destructionof grass reseedinglations. regu- ous. Improvement was most seri- In northern of water Montana, thereasons for land played animportant part.facilities alsopurchase were of check A large number Dakotas and similar to thosein the dams and stockponds were built Wyoming. First,hundreds of to conservesmall amounts families hadbecome dependent snowfall andto distributeof rainfall andrelief, seed loans, upon public Fences water for cattle.cause of the inabilityor other subsidies,be- were changed toconform tonew of their land topro- patterns ofuse, and buildings duce graincropsexcept in wet needed were no longerSecond, thousands years. areas also wereremoved. Somerecreationalwere seriously of acresofrangeland developed, includingpicnic depleted by winderosion and campsites. and overgrazing.Thousands ofacres of rangeland had beenhomesteaded in public
..* cOST
. MTl LAAE SOw00 kLAT4 (a flANt)
OLD POPAM IOJICTI (rUN1(00*!?? LeNIN! 10*1 ..oJccTs NOW P*0I*LN PN0(CT0 - III? TO TVPEI - .T!LT(0 0*01* TITLI ION PIOPOSED P0OJ(CTCOT[RNIWOUS 001ICULTURAL AOJUSTM(NT LA WITH 01.0 PNOLCT MIaCATOAT WATEOTOWI. LI APPIOVID COTSRMINOUIPIOJOCT INOIAN LI &PPSOVLO NOW PIOJ(CT
Figure 14.--Montana landutilization projects. 15 BibUographyreferences used in preparing this sectionwere(26, 77, 111,and [26). 53 brought greater secu- domain areas arid plowed upfor grain cul- feed crops, and wheat natural grass cover. rity by lessening thedependence on income tivation, destroying the from a single crop orenterprise. Perhaps 10 or 20 yearswould have to elapse The grazixig associationpaid fees to the before xiatural reseedixigreplacedthe grassGovernment according to thecarrying Ca- cover. pacity of the land. Theassociation provide'd The Milk River GrazingProject would range riders andmanaged the operation never have beenundertaken if the problem including numbers oflivestock permitted. had been approached fromthe viewpoint ofdistribution of water, andgrazing relations how to acquire the bestavailable grazing to help residentand maintenance. Eachmember was allotted land.It was undertaken the number of livestockthat cou]dbe grazed families obtain more adequateincomes by amount of feed which relocating on better farmland,and to re- in accordance with the poorly adaptedhe could produce onhis farm and in accord- store to range land which was ancewiththecarrying capacity of the to cultivation. effort torangeland in his area. Thegrazing fee per The Milk River project was an head per month variedwith the prices of reorganize the use of landand water re-beef and mutton. The fees wereused to sources on an areabasis. It not only re- of land poorly manage the land,maintain and improve it, stored nearly a million acres and pay the rental underthe agreement with adapted for farming to grazing,but en- Twenty-five couraged relocation of people inthe irri-the Federal custodial agency. irrigated land forpercent of the Federalincome was paid to gated areas to develop the counties where theland was located. intensified production of feed crops.The the form of0 grazing Milk River is a source of waterfora ratherArea management in district irrigated land. Extendingassociations and soil conservation narrow strip of of plans and programsmodified the manage- back on eitherside are many miles ment and use of manyfarms and ranches grassland interspersed withbenches of in maintenance of dryfarming. As the projectprogressed in the region and aided dryfarm areas grad- the land in a manlierthat gave a more many families in the reliable income. ually congregated in theirrigated areas, utilization project where homes, roads, schools,and other The Milk River land efficiently main- was administeredby the Soil Conservation facilities could be more Service from 1940 to 1953,andbythe Forest tained. The rangelands to eitherside wereService from 1954 to1958. In 1958, the available for grazing. to the Bureau The land utilization projectlands wereproject land was transferred 1940 toof Land Management ofthe Department of leased and operated from about the Lnterior formanagement in Federal 1958 under the management oflocal graz- grazing districts alongwith adjacent and ing associations. The livestock waspas- land. Ranchers tured under plans and rules set upcoop- intermingled public domain and the and farmers use the grazingland by payment eratively by the grazing association of fees for their livestockunder the animal- Federal custodial agency. Someoperators permit system for landutilization had wheatland which theydryfarmed fromunit grazing dis- their homes in the irrigated areas.Diver- project land in the Federal sification of enterprises amonglivestock, tricts.
CIMARRON NATIONALGRASSLAND In 1954, the project wastransferred to The Cimarron NationalGrasslandof administration, and Morton County, Kans., was started in1936 the Forest Service for utilization unds in1960wasestablished as a National on land purchased with land forgrazing,recreation,and (fig.15).Overa3-year period, aboutGrassland 107,000 acres along the Cimarron Riverwildlife. 1938, the area Forage is the principal use,but a sec- were acquired. In November ondary objectiveis soil stabilization and was placed under the administrativecontrolthe prevention of erosion.This is being of the Soil Conservation Service, and anaccomplished by reseeding, balancingthe active program of reseeding grasses was16 number of livestock with theavailable for- started and has continued to the present. age, axid otherrangeimprOving practices. The Cir-riarronNational Grasslaxid or- 16 SoIlSurvey Report,U.S. Dept.Ar.. Morton with wi1d1ie County, Kans., 1963. ganizationiscooperating 54 big-game hunting; Several game birds are plentiful. seriesof waterfowl aridfishing ponds wereconstructed along the River by the State Cirnarron Fish and GameDepart- ment. The use of thearea by sportsmenis increasing.itisplanned to increasethe amount of game byimproving qualityand quantity of food andcover. A tabulation follows, showingaverage use and income during 1953-62:
Item Average Average Federal number Income
Animal-unit months of grazing1 16,025 $15,365 Mineral leases ii 53,674 OCTOS(U Recreation visits 3,465 LAUD UTILSZAFjOI, PUOJLC13 Other2 101 14,648 Total KANSAS 83,687 Figure 15.-.. Kansas landutilization project. October 11 month's grazingtenure by 1 mature cow or steer, 1938. or 5 sheep. management agencies byproviding the best 2lncludes cropping, haying,and miscellaneous other possible habitat forgame birds and animals, land uses, such astransmission and pipeline ease.. and by controllingrodents and predators. men ts. There are limitedresources for fishing and Source: National Grasslandrecords, Forest Service.
FRENCH CREEK STATE PARK Fifty miles west ofdowntown Philadelphia to travel even further lies what was firstnamed French Creekfor scenj out into the country Recreational Area, and later,French Creek outdoor recreational facilities. StatePark.Itis admirably adapted On these grounds,the project was approved recreational use, having interesting to as an exceptionalcase, and work was and scenerystarted in 1934_35 to beautjfil streams andlakes. Roadsacres develop the 6,000 and railroads bringit within easy reach of woodland, fields,and pastures of several million into an attractiveoutdoor playground. The a SO-mile radius. Manypeople who live withinFrench Creek project people had longthe problems was an example of wished to acquirethis tract forrecrea encountered in justifyingpur- tional purposes,as the area did not havechase and retirementof farmland suitable adequate recreationalfacilities. for conversion torecreational and other It was not entirely Special purposeuses. this land as justifiable to purchase The area was transferred part of the land utilizationwealth of Pennsylvama to the Common- program, for not onlywas its price rela- a State Park. Three in 1947 for use as tively high at the time,but the amount of lakes are within the cropland it containedwas not large, andpark; the largest,Hopewell Lake, covers the farmlandwas not fully submarginal68 acres. Facilitiesinclude picnic areas, when moderatelywell managed. Yet campsites,bathingbeaches,hiking and rnonsense com- bridle trails, placesfor fishing and boat- indicatedtheurgent need ofing, and food and reserving this area for publicuse before refreshment concessions. private developmentforced people in theHorseshoe Trail, a historictrail extending region, especially those with from Valley Forgeto Battling Run Gap low incomes, near Hershey,passes through the Park.
55 NEW YORK LAND UTILIZATIONPROJECT17 The 15,000 acres purchasedin the Newthemselves during the long period of wait- York Land Utilization Project(NY- LU 4) in ing for action on their applications. the south-central region ofthe State near Seventy-two of the displaced families had Ithaca were gradually beingabandoned in the some equityin their farms and so were middle 1930ts. Five of theland purchaseusually ableto find places and relocate areas were in Tompkins County.One, the without assistance. Fifty purchased other Hector Unit, was in Schuyler County.Of farms; 22 did not continue farming,but the 193 tracts purchased in 1935-37only became day workers or retired becauseof 133, or less than half, were occupied. Un-age. favorable soil and topography were gen- Later, 10 families were assistedby the erally accepted causes for the abandonmentFarm Security Administration inobtaining of farming. permanent farm locations. Forty percent According to the records, 118 familiesof the families found new places andmoved moved as a direct result of the purchase tothem without Government assistance. program. and 5 were given life leases onSome families received small loans toaid their homes and permitted to live in thewith relocation and operation of farms in purchase area. Of the families who moved, new locations. 90 percent were farmers. Many families In the1940's, a survey was made by were able to find new homes without as- Cornell University and the Bureau of Agri- sistance. Some purchasedother farms.cultural Economics to find how families Others went to live in nearby villages andfrom the purchase area succeeded inad- towns, frequently near or with relatives.justing torelocation (a). Of 92 families Some families needed help in relocation. interviewed, 69 (75 percent) said they were A listof ZOO farms for sale was pre-better off as a result of selling theirland pared, and farmers whose land was pur- and resettling in a new location. The other chased were told of these opportunities,Z9 families said theirsituation had not and in some cases were shown a numberimproved. of farms. At the time the project land was It seems reasonable to concludefrom purchased, a survey was made of the fami- these answers that the relocation program lies who applied for assistance, with thewas about 75 percent successful. Thefarn- intention of helping them obtain work andilies who were most successful in reloca- places to live on resettlement projects.'8tion and readjustment were the youngfarni- Although a few families were accepted forlies where husband and wife werebetween resettlement projects in the first 3 years21 and 40 years of age, had completed8 after the project land was purchased, thegrades of school or more, were in good majority were found ineligible, or withdrewhealth, and continued as .farm owners and theirapplicationsasthey found placesoperators.
BELTRAMI WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT AREA'9 A different approach to the problem ofvolved in maintaining schools for children acquisitionoflandforlandutilizationliving on isolated farms and in keeping projectsisillustrated by the Beltramiroads open to the scattered homes. The IslandprojectinnorthernMinnesota purchased farms were at first included in (fig. 16). Here the purchase of about 80,000 apublic forest, but thisland wasless acres in poor, scattered farms in largevaluable than other land that might have forest areas was carried out chiefly tobeen selectedif commercial forests had relieve individual distress, and to relievebeen the single objective. The project con- tained considerable areas of burned-over the counties of the heavy expenditures in-land, on which restocking of timber trees was a serious problem. But there waslittle 17Bibliography references used in preparing the question from the viewpoint of social and section are (2) and (42). economic welfare that the lands should be 18 Survey by the Rural Resettlement Division of the put in public ownership. Manyof the coun- Federal Emergency Relief Administration and the tiesin the region bordering the western Resettlement Administration. Great Lakes were on the brink of financial '9 Bibliography reference (99) was used in prepar- difficulty unless changes were made in the ing this section. scattered type of settlement, which required
56 Pine Island
Figure ló.-Mlnnesota land utilizadonprojects, October 1938. heavy costsfor publicservices. The Beltrami Islandproject did much to Under a long-termagreement made in stratein practical terms demon.. 1940, the Minnesota rreans of the ways and Department of Con- carrying out thisallimportant servation managed the landas a part of the Process. The aid whichthe project Beltrami State Forest.Later, because of to thesettlers themselves provided the suitability ofthe land for big was ofgreat socialanimals, wild birds, game for they were helpedto move and fur-bearingani- from isolatedunproductive farms inside mals, major emphasiswas placed on wild- rrensewoodlandatb irn- life managementand the project to markets, closernamed the Beltrarrti was re- schools roads,and rural corn.. Wildlife Management ITUnjtjes in which Area. Recreationand forestry are important their interestscentered. secondary uses of the land. 57 YELLOWWOOD STATE 20 The 21,500-acreBean Blossom Landa living under these conditions in the Bean UtilizationProject, now the YellowwoodBlossom project area alone. Yet the value State Forest, was initiated in 1935 in theof the land in the area as a playground scenic hills of Brown County, md., 8 milesand recreational site, as a scenic attraction, west of Nashville, md. (fig. 17). and for forests had already been proven by Farming in the area was mostly limitedthe 16,000-acre Brown County State Park to small, hilly patches of land not suited toand Game Preserve near Nashville. cultivation. Timber had been overcut1 re- The immediate objective of the project ducing this source of income. Wildlife waswas to take the land out of unprofitable use rapidly diminishing. Relief costs were high, and to show how it could be used economi- and many families were in need. Support ofcally for more desirable purposes. By 1938, schools and roads was a heavy burden.development of the Bean Blossom Project There was widespread tax delinquency.had laid the foundation for a better rural Return of families to the land during de-economy based on sound use of natural pression years and absence of outside em- resources. An extensive forest had been ployment had added to the problem. Someimproved and enlarged. A 147-acre lake 180 families were struggling vainly to earnand 2 lakes of 20 acres each had been made, and roads, trails, campsites, and picnic areas improved and developed. The Bean Blossom Project was managed by the Indiana Conservation Department under a long-term agreement as a State Forest from 1938 to1956, when itwas granted to the State and became Yellowwood State Forest. The forest may be reached by Indiana State Roads 45 and 46, near Belmont. The three lakes- -Ault Lake, Bear Lake, and Yellowwood Lake- -all are well stocked for excellent fishing. Hunting is permitted dur- ingtheopen season for several game species. Visitors to Yellowwood State Forest will find pleasure in a number of things: The abundance of wildflowers and wildlife, the magnificent trees, the beautiful lakes, the inspirational scenery. But the hiking trails have become the feature attraction. The popularity of those at Yellowwood is attrib- utable to their length, to their ruggedness, to the challenges they present, and to their unspoiled natural beauty. Two trails have been marked through the forest.The 22-mile Tulip Tree Trace, opened in1958, commences at the south end of the picnic area at Yellowwood Lake and terminates in Morgan-Monroe State Forest which lies north and west of Yellow- wood. Eighteen milesofthe Trace are through dense forest, following old Indian, pioneer, and stagecoach trails. The secondtrail,Ten O'Clock Line, opened in February 1959, extends from a pointacross fromthesouthcamping Figure 1 7..-Indiana land utilization projects, October ground at Yellowwood Lake to the fire tower 1938. on Weed Patch Hill in Brown County State 20Bibliography references (131 and (176) were used in preparing this section. 58 Park which lies to thesoutheast. This 16- tors, other than rugged hiking mile hike is a roughone across a series enthusiasts, of ridges and valleys. just come for a dayor weekend of leisurely loafingandpicnicking.To insure their These trails have becomeso popular that enjoyment of the forest, picnic thousands of hikers fromIndiana and other been enlarged and playgroundareas have parts of the countrytraverse their routes.erected for children. Many equipment Boy Scoutsuse the trails for nature studyjust to drive the miles people come and other outdoor Scoutingactivities. roads. of scenic forest To meet the increasingpublic use of this forest for outdoorrecreation, many im- Yellowwood Forest is perhapsthe best provements example in the State for study inaction of have been made. Twonewcorrect forest management. Study campgrounds have been cleared,one pri-to be found throughout plots are marily for Boy Scouts andone for the public, and the results of doubling the general forest managementare clearly evidenced camping area. Campingby several thousandacres of reclaimed is permitted only wheredesignated. fields which Other improvementsinclude were planted to fast-growing system and sanitary awater pine; some of the trees,now 24 years old, are facilities. Many visi several inches in diameterand 40 feet tall.
BLADEN LAKES STATEFOREST2' The Bladen LakesState Forest of North Carolina was formed stores from the largestands of longleaf Salter Lakes Land from the Jones andpine then in thearea. Later, production of 18). Utilization Project (fig. cotton became important.An increase in The land in thisproject was pur-the population beyond chased during theperiod 1936-42 under the the capacity of the authority of Title III landtosupportitcame from 2 of the Bankhead...Jones sources: Those who moved into chief Farm Tenant Actand antecedentemer- the area gency acts. The 35,875acres cost an aver- as laborers in the turpentineand lumbering age of $4.51 per acre. industries, and those whowere influenced In 1936, thearea was occupied by by the unwisepromotion of cotton produc- stranded population. First a tion. the late colonjal settled during By 1935 low price,poor soil, and the period, it had a historyofboll weevil had made poverty. For a hundredyears after theasa cash crop unprofitable.production of cotton arrival of the firstsettlers, farmersprac- The naval ticed subsistence farming stores and timberwhich had provideda lowlands and creek along the riverlarge part of thepopulation with a source bottoms, and sold naval of livelihood formany years was practically
'3 Figure 18.--North Carolina landuttlizauon projects, April 1939. 21ThIs Section,prepared with the aid of the Forest of (22). Supervisor of Bladen Lakes State Forest,is a summary
59 exhausted. Without the means of moving to As a secondary objective, the full expa. an area of greater productivity, and withsion of the recreational use of natural lakes no way of supporting themselves on theirand surrounding areas has been of high submarginal lands, the people had, by 1935.,priority. In 1947, the continued development become trulystranded in the economicof these recreational facilities was turned sense. over to the Division of State Parks, The delinquent tax problem was of grave In recent years, the use of the State importance. The majority of farms whichForest as a demonstrational area in all had not passed from the hands of the orig-phases of forest management and opera- inal owners to corporations, commercialtional t cc hn i q u e s has been emphasized, banks, land banks, etc., had a number ofSeveral hundred persons visit the forest years of back taxes owing. each year to observe plarting, control-burn- Such was the general situation facing the ing,road construction, logging, sawmill initial planners for the land utilization pro-operation, grafting and other silvicultural gram in this area. techniques, charcoal manufacturing, fence- Several months were spent in determiningpost treatment, and other general forest economic conditions, attitudes of local resi-management practices. Teachers, private dentsandcounty officials,land values,landowners, businessmen, county agents, and land boundaries, and in securing op-farm boys, college students, foreign for- tionsto purchase the land. Agriculturalesters, and Federal and State Forest Serv- land was also purchased for the resettle- ice personnel are represented among the ment of farm families desiring such re-visitors. Cost analyses are prepared and settlement. published forall the operations, and are During the period 1936-1939, throughusehelpful aids when lectures are presented to of Civilian Conservation Corps labor andvisitors.Many interested persons avail local residents, many miles of truck trailsthemselves of these analyses. were constructed, game refuges were es- tablished, and the Jones Lake and Singletary Lake recreational centers were developed. Financial Development Hundreds of acres of pine plantations were established on all available open fields. A very trying time was experienced in Many other projects basic to the develop-attempting to start operations on the State ment and management of this area wereForest. On occasion, difficulty was encoun- begun or completed during these years. tered in securing sufficient funds to pay By 1938 the majority of the area whichfor labor. The purchase of adequate equip- forms the present Bladen Lakes State Forestment was a process requiring many years. was optioned or purchased, tinder a coop- During the early days of development, em- erative agreement, the property was turnedployment was vital to the progress and over to the Forestry Division of the Northwelfare of local residents. As the forest Carolina Department of Conservation andprogressed and as labor costs increased, Development on July 1, 1939, for adminis- it became necessary to mechanize opera- tration and operation. Since that time, withtions as muchas possible. Atpresent, amuch the exception of the first 2 criticalyears,greater volume of work is done with a small Bladen Lakes State Forest has been operatednumber of men using modern rriachinerythan anddevelopedonacompletelyself-was done by larger crews in earlier days. sustaining basis. On October 19, 1954, the Receipts for 25 years, July 1939 to June entire area was transferred tothe State of 1 964,are summarizedin the following North Carolina by the Federal Government in fee simple. tabulation: Sawed lumber 25,558,885board feet $1,227,339 Logs 12,803,452board feet 300,190 Objectives Pulpwood 56, 969cords 391,017 Treated posts 346,947posts 169,341 The primary objectives in themanage- Other merit of the forest area are to buildup the 152,913 growing stock of timber on the overcut and 2,240,800 badly burned areas; to utilize allresources, While the State Forest has been self- including game; and to demonstrate thatsupporting almost since its inception, large such an area can more than pay itsown way sums of money and a great amount of effort under sound forestry operations. have gone into the project. The 35,875acres 60 of land cost the Federal Goverr.ment a totalducted on the State Forest. Nearlyall long.. of $165,466.90 in1939. Since this initialleaf ridges are now on a2-to 3-year purchase of property, the capitalized valueburning rotation. These controlled burns of the State Forest has tremendouslyin-have greatly reduced the general threat of creased. Below is a summary of the valua- forest fires on the State Forest, and have tion of the State Forest fromaBladeriaided in the suppression of several poten- County report prepared for taxpurposestially disastrous fires. The controlled burns in October 1957: have also served to release longleaf pine seedlings from the grass stage in heavy Total value of forested lands $1,301,570.00 wiregrass cover, to eliminate brown spot Taxable valuation(35 percent of from innumerable areas of severe infesta above) 454,549.50 tion, and to prepare seedbeds receptive to (Tax race@$1.35 per $100) to the regeneration of many acres of long. Tax paid to Bladen County on State leaf pine in openings throughout the forest Forest 6,136.42 area. No uncontrolled forest fire of any conse- This valuation does not include buildings, quence has burned on Bladen Lakes State houses, sawmill, and equipment. Itrepre-Forest since April 1955. sents an estimate of the valuation of the Forest as compared to other forested lands in the county. Construction and Maintenance Initially, only such headquarters buildings were constructed as were necessary-.. Personnel and Organization office, garage, and supervisor's residence. The State Forest directly employs 30Several of the better homes of local resi- persons listed as foresters, rangers, fore-dents were salvaged for use by State Forest men, equipment operators, post plant oper- employees. Since the early years, many ators, forestry worlcers, etc. In addition to improvements and additions have been made these persons directly employed. 12 to 16on all of the original buildings and several are engaged in contractual work, such as structures have been added. preparing fenceposts and cutting pulpwood. There are approximately 150 persons de- Truck Trails pendent upon wage earners working on the During the first years of its operations, Forest. the State constructed 44.6 miles of forest roads. Heavy emphasis has been placed on new road and trail construction work during Experimental Projects in Progress the past few years, and approximately 45 As stated before, a principal objective ofmiles of new roads have been added to the the administration of the State Forest is its State Forest network, making a total of continued development as a demonstrational89.6 miles. These represent only roads area for all interested persons. In further-maintained by State Forest personnel. They ance of thisobjective, joint studies aredo not include the 40 or 50 miles of the undertaken with cooperating State and Fed-State highway system of graded and paved eral agencies. roads passing through the Forest or the Each year, an extensive fire preventioninnumerable miles of access trails con- campaign is waged in the general area ofstructed and maintained. the State Forest. Fire prevention exhibits are mounted in local store windows and Game Management such exhibits attract a considerable amount No hunting is permitted on Bladen Lakes of favorable attention. During periods ofState Forest. It is a game preserve, and extreme danger, heavy motor patrols aregame wardens employed by the North Caro- started and personal contact work with alllina Wildlife Resources Commission heavily persons living around the Forest is inten-patrol the area to insure that all wildlife sified. A year-round duty roster of allis protected. persons employed by the forest is main- Of course, innumerable private parties of tained, and during critical periods all per- deer hunters regularly hunt on private lands sons are subject to standby duty. around the State Forest arid harvest the For the past S to 10 years, large-scale excess'crop" of deer raised on its pro- control burning operations have been con- tected areas.
61 SANDHILLS WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREA22 The Sandhills Project(LU-NC-3) in Northsources of water for many fish breediig Carolina illustrates developments under-pools, fishing sites, and other water needs taken in the naturally forested eastern partin the area was completed at an early stage of the Uthted States. of project development. Lakes on the project For the most part, the 113,000acrespur- are now available for public fishing. chased in the Sandhills area was unsuited Game raised on the game farms was to successful cultivated crop production and released on the designated game refuges, more adapted to upland game on the hillsand surplus game distributed to other public and fish in the streams, ponds, and lakes.projects, including forest, recreatioral, and Forest stand improvement at first was awildlife areas. Public hunting is allowed leading job. Because of the need for forest- under supervision and control. The overflow tree stock to restore this sandy area toof deer from nearby public forests and forest cover, a forest-tree nursery wasprivate areas in uplands and swamps served one of the first things to be developed onto establish an increase in the supply of the Sandhills project. During the year 1937,deer on the project. Hunting and fishing 13 million forest-tree seedlings were pro-privileges are in demand, since the Sand- duced and used on the project and otherhills Region is an attractive fall and winter nearby projects where similar conditionsresort area near centers of considerable prevailed. population. Wildlife development also received high The purchase and development of land priority on the Sandhills project. A fishunsuited to farming gave the owners and hatchery was established to provide fish for operators an opportunity to dispose of sub- restocking streams, lakes, anci ponds inthemarginal farms and to move to better land, project area and in other projects in theand has kept the submarginal land from Southeast. Protective cover for upland game being used for farming. The practical for- and food crops for game birds were planted.estry development by fire protection, tree Recreational facilities on this project in- plantings and management; wildlife produc- cluded development of an artificial lake,tion and conservation; and development of and the building of cabins, trails, campingfishing, hunting, and recreatioi,al facilities areas, and picnic grounds for the use of thehas served to demonstrate ways to use poor large number of visitors. farm lands in the Sandhills Region for wild Game farms were developed for produc-game and recreation, to the greater benefit tion of quail, turkey, and small game ani- of the people of nearby States and of the rnals. Construction of impounding darns as public generally.
CLEMSON FOREST23 the direction of President Robert F. Poole, Historical Background and in 1946 and 1947 two foresters, N. B. The land in Clemson Forest (ClemsonGoebel and Dr. K. Lehotsky, were employed University Land Utilization Project, Southto manage the forest and to establisha basic Carolina (SC-3)) was acquired during thecurriculum in forestry. period 1934-39. The purchase included 206 Two notable events have occurred since separate tracts varying in size from 9.8 then:(1) The land use area, comprising to1,054 acres. During the preceding 17527,469 acres, was deeded to the university years or so, the land was in private owner- in 1954 and (Z) the Hartwell Darn, thatwould ship and used in varying degrees of inten-take 7,667 acres of college land for its sity by 1,000 or more farm families thatreservoir, including 5,626 acres in forest, occupied the land in regular and irregularwas begun in 1956. University timber sal- succession. vage operations began in the basin in May Clemson Uaiversity began supervising the 1956. land in December 1939, undera cooperative Records on the timber harvest from the agreement with the Federal Government.forest show that 33.3 million board feet of Administration of the land was sex up under timber were harvested and sold in the 15
22Btbltography reference (1O) was used in preparing this section. 23Bibllography refrences used in preparing thts section are(L9, 92,and 131). 62 years 1944_59 Included inthisharvest were 16.1 million board feetcut from the 5,626 Coordination of ForestManagement acres absorbed by theHartwell Reservoir. with Research,Teaching, and Timbersales 1959-62 averaged$50,000 Demonstration annually. ApproximatelyImillion board It is the objective of feet of sawtjmberand 5,000 cords of pulp the forestmanage- wood were cut eachyear. ment staff to socoordjte themanagement activities that they willserve the needs of teaching, research, anddemonstration Ac- cordingly, the following Timber Inventories, 1936-58 suggestions were offered by the foresterin a report in1959: In 1936 the U.S. Proceed with theprogram of stand Government made a cruise delineation, and prepare of the timber in theland utilization project for the trouble prescriptions area. The area clasaedas forestland in this spots,i.e., aalvage cruise totalled 17,644acres. The cruise and sanitation areas,etc. gave a total of 37,368,000 board Review the plan ofoperations for the feet, or an forest with acommittee of five rep average of 2,118 board feetper acre. resenting To obtain more recentdata regarding the teaching,research, and condition of the ClemsonForest as a guide demonstration. to management, asystematic reconnais.. Operate the forest asrecommended sance inventory was made during by the committee andapproved by the sam- the Head, Department ofForestry. mer of 1958, in which 232point samples Budget the timber sale were taken. The followingtabulation com- carry on the developmentreceipts of to pares the inventories: forest. the Date of It is estimated that Total forest Av. volume through salvage and tnventory Total volume sanitation cuttings therecan be an annual acreage per acre cutting budget of around feet during the first 1,500,000 board Acres Board ft. cutting cycle. This Board ft. would result in an annualincome of $30 000 1936 The pine and hardwood 17,644 37,368,00o 2,115 pulpwood market 1958 would take 5,000 cords, 50percent of which 16,000 72,000,00o 4,500 would be pine. This would On the basis of these amount to $15,000. In round figures, theinventory showed estimates, an annual 127,000 cordsof pine pulpwood, 77,000income of around $45,000would be realized cords of hardwoods, 30 from timber sales. of pine sawtimber, million board feet Through the coordinatedefforts of the and 42 million boardcommittee, as proposed in items 2 feet of hardwoodsawtimber. This gives aabove, a forest can be and 3 total growing stock of204,000 cords of developed that will - wood plus 72 million board meet the needs of research,teaching, and timber. feet of saw-demonstration and incidentallyprovide the income to finance themajor operationa.
63 BIBLIOGRAPHY Aandahl, Andrew A. 1960. Output Potentials in the Great Plains. Farm Policy Forum 13 (4): 20-22. Iowa State Univ., Ames. Adkinson, Leslie B. 1945. Community Use of Pastures on Hill Lands--The Hector Land Use Adjust- ment Project in Southern New York.Site III.(NY-LA/4), U.S. Dept. Agr., in coop. with N.Y. (Cornell)Agr.Expt.Sta., Sept. (Mimeographed.) Alexander, W. W. 1940. Overcrowded Farms. U.S. Dept. Agr. Yearboolc (Farmers in a Changing World), 1940: 870-886. Allaband, William A. 1939. The Rehabilitation of Families in Maintenance Worker's Units on the Pensacola Land-Use Project. Soil Conserv. Mag., Vol. 5, No. 5, Nov. Argow, Keith A. 1962. Our National Grasslands: Dustland to Grassland. Amer. Forests, p. 89. Jan. Arnold, Adlai F., and Hottel, James B. 1963. Economic Study of Land Use Adjustment Potentials of Areas Adjacent to the Ozark National Forest. Univ. Aric., Fayetteville,112 pp., July. (Report for U.S. Forest Serv.) (Mimeographed.) Auten, John T. 1945. How to Restore Forest Wealth? In An Ohio Hill County Nature Leaves a Clue That May Reverse the Process of Soil and Forest Decadence. Amer. Forest Mag., Vol. 51, No. 2, Feb. Baker, Gladys L., Rasmussen, Wayne D., Wiser, Vivian, and Porter, Jane M. 1963. Beginnings of Soil Conservation and Better Land Use. Century of Service-- The First 100 Years of The United States Department of Agriculture, pp. 138-139. Baker, 0. E. 1931. The Outlook for Land Utilization in the United States. Jour. Farm Econ. 13 (2): 203-230, Apr. (Reprint). Also published as U.S. Dept. Agr. Ext. Serv. Circ. 168, July. Baker, 0. E., Bradshaw, Nettie P., Marschner, F. J., Stauber, B. R., and others. 1934. Agricultural Land Requirements and Resources. Report of Land Planning Corn., Natl. Resources Bd., Pt. 2, Sec. 2, pp. 108-134, Dec. Barnes, C. P., and Marschner, F. J. 1933. Natural Land Use Areas of the United States.U.S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Agr. Econ. (Map.) Bell, Earl H. 1942. Culture of a Contemporary Rural Community, Sublette, Kansas. U.S. Dept. Agr. Rural Life Studies 2, 113 pp., Sept. Bennett, H. H., and Chapline, W. R. 1928.Soil Erosion: A National Menace. U.S. Dept. Agr. Cir. 33, 36 pp., Apr. Bercaw, Louise 0. 1940. Relocation of Farm Families. Dept. Agr. Bur. Agr. Econ. List 16. Sept. Black, J. D., and Gray, L. C. 1925. Land Settlement and Colonization in the Great Lakes States. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bu.1. 1295, 88 pp., March. Black, John D. 1945. Notes on "Poor Land," andSubmarginal Land.' Jour. Farm Econ.: 27 (2): 345-374, May. Bogue, Allan G., Coles, Harry L., Jr., Cole, Arthur H., and others. 1963. Comment, Criticism and Concern with Consequences. The Public Lands: Studies in the History of the Public Domain, Pt. 3. Univ. Wis. Press, Madison. Bogue, Margaret Beattie. 1951. The Swamp Land Act and Wet Land Utilization in Illinois, 1850-1890. Agr. Hist. 25 (4): 169-180. Washington, D.C. 64 (19)Bruner, M. H., and Shearjn, A.T. 196. Annual Reports ofForest Management for the Clemson 1959-60; 1960-61; and 1961-62. (Rev.) School Forest for Col. Dept. Forestry, ClemsonAgr. (Z0)Carstensen, Vernon ed. 1963. The Public Lands: Studies inthe History of the Public Domain. of 60 Journal Articles with notes of (Collection Press Madison. other authors.) 5Z2 pp. Univ. Wis. (il)Chai-nbers Clyde R. 1924. Relation of Income to LandValue. U.S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bul. 1224, June. 132 pp, (22)Charnblee Graham V. 1958. Bladen LakesState Forest. Div. Forestry, N.C. Dept. Devlprnt. 41 pp. Rev. Nov. Conserv. and (23)Christensen, R. P., and Ames, R. 0. 1962. Economic Effects ofAcreage Control Programs in the l950's.U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Econ. Rpt. 18, 51pp., Oct. (24)Clawson, Marion. 1963. Land for Americans. (25) p. 141 ff. Rand McNally Co. Chicago. (Reprint.) 1963. Problems of Protectionand Management. In The Public Lands--Studies in the History of the Public DomainsPt. 4.Univ. Wis. Press, Madison. (26) , Saunderson, M. H., and Johnson, Neil W. 1940. Farm Adjustments in Montana. (27)Clarke Noble. Mont. State Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 377. Jan. 1932. What Chance Hasa City Man on a Wisconsin Farm? Ext. Serv. Univ. of Wis. in coop. with U.S. Dept. Agr.,Radio Cir., 16 pp.. Nov. (28)Clayton C. F. 1938. Public Purchase of Land.U.S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook, (Soils and Water) 1938: 234-240. (29) 1940. Land Utilization and theNational Welfare. U.S. Dept. Agr. Soil Conserv. Mag. 5 (8): 20l-204 Feb. Conner, M. C., Hendrix, W. E., Sayre,C. R., and Fullilove, W. T. 1942. Farm Adjustment Opportunitiesin Greene County, Georgia. Ga. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 221, 74pp., Oct. Ga. Expt. Sta. in coop. with U.S. Dept. Ag r. Craig, George H., and Loomer, CharlesW. 1943. Collective Tenureon Grazing Land in Montana. Mont. State Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 406. Feb., Bozeman. Cunningham, R. N. 1935. Land to Space...A ConservationProblem in the Lake States.U.S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook, 1935: 238-241. Davidson R. D. 1952. Federal and State Rural Lands,1950-- With Special Reference to Grazing. U.S. Dept. Agr. Cjr. 909. 100pp., illus. May. Dickeys Harold P. Swafford W. R. andMarkley, Q. L. 1963.Soil Survey of Morton County, Kansas.U.S. Dept. Agr. Soil Survey Ser. 1960, No. 8, 51 pp.i1lus.Dec. U.S. Dept. Agr. in coop, with Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta. Edwards, A. D. 1939. Influence of Drought and Depressionon a Rural Community--A Case Study In Haskell County Kansas. U.S. Dept. Agr.Farm Security Admin. and Bur. Agr. Econ. Social Res. Rpt. No. VII, 116pp., illus., Jan. Edwards, Everett E. 1940. American Agriculture The First300 Years. U.S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook (Farmers in a Changing World), 1940: 17 1-276. (37) 1940. Land and Water Policies of theDepartment of Agriculture, U.S. Dept. Agr.. 46 pp., Jan. (Mimeographed.) 6s Elliott, F. F. 1937. Agricultural Conservation Program. Jour. Farm Econ. 19 (1): 13-27, Feb. Ely, Richard T., and Wehrwein, George S. 1940. Land Economics--Agricultural Land and Conservation and Social Control over Land- -A Summary. (Chapters 6 and 14.) The MacMillan Company, New York City. Fellows, Irving F., Johnson, Hugh A., Rush, Donald R., and Lockhart, Charles R. 1943.Woodland Opportunities in Farm Organization in Otsego County, New York. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Agr. Econ. in coop. with Forest Serv., 77 pp., Mar. Fisher, Joseph L. 1960. Noteson theValue of Research on the Wilderness Part of Wildiand. Resources for the Future, Inc., Reprint 23, Nov. Washington, D.C. Foote, Nelson, Anderson, W. G., and McKain, Walter C., Jr. 1944. Families Displaced in a Federal Sub-Marginal Land Purchase Program. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bul. 11, 33 pp., Jan. N.Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta. in coop. with U.S. Dept. Agr. (Mimeographed.) Gaddis, P. L. 1935. Appraisal Methods of Federal Land Banks. Jour. Farm Econ.17 (3): 448-469, Aug. Gilcrest, Roy M. 1938. Land Use Problems in Minnesota. (Address to annual meeting, Amer. Econ. Assoc., Detroit.6 p., Dec. (Mimeographed) Glick, Philip M. 1934. Memorandum Discussing Agencies in the Federal Government Engaged in Land Acquisition, Land Administration, and Land Planning. U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Adjust. Admin., 91 p., Dec. (Mimeographed.) Glover, Loyd. 1957. The Future of Federal Land Use Purchase Projects in South Dakota. S. Dak. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. No. 464, 35 pp., Aug. 1955. Experience with Federal Land Purchases as a Means of Land Use Adjust- ment.S. Dak. Agr. Expt. Sta. Pam. 65, Aug. (Ph.D. thesis.) Gray, L. C. 1936. Land Planning. Pub. Policy Pam. 19.37 pp., Feb. 1931. The Responsibility of Overproduction for Agricultural Depression. Acad. Polit. Sci. 14 (3): 48-68, Apr. New York. 1932. Land Utilization Problem, Intensified by Depression, Demands National Policy. U.S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook, 1932: 457-460. 1934. Research Relating to Policies for Submarginal Areas. Jour. Farm Econ. 16 (2): 298-303, Apr. (Reprint.) 1936. The Social and Economic Implication of the National Land Program. Jour. Farm Econ.18 (2): 257-280, May. 1936. Land Policies and National Progress. (Address to Assoc. Land-Grant Col. and Univ., Nov. 17, Houston, Tex. (Mimeographed.) 1940. Our Major Agricultural Land Use Problems and SuggestedLines of Action. U.S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook (Farmers in a Changing World), 1940: 398- 415. 1939. Evolution of the Land Program of the United States Department of Agri- culture. (Address to Bur. Agr. Econ. Corif. Agr. Planning, Washington, D.C.) 17 pp, Mar. (Mimeographed.) 1939. Federal Purchases and Administration of Submarginal Land in the Great Plains. Jour. Farm Econ.l (1): 123-131, Feb.(Reprint.) 66 Gray, L. C., Baker, 0. E., MarschnerF. J., and others. 19Z3. TheUtilization ofour Lands for Crops, Agr. Yearbook, Pasture, and Forests.u.s. Dept. Grest, Edward G. 19Z3: 415-506. 1940. Managementof Lands Held Under Tenant Act. 5oil Title 111 of theBankhead..Jones Farm Conserv. Mag. 5(8): Z04-Z06,215-ZZ0, Feb. 195Z. The Range5tory of the Land Vol. 6, No. 6, Feb. Utilization Projects.Jour. Farm Haas, G. C. (Reprint.) Econ., 1922. Sale Pricesas a Basis for Farm Tech, Bul. 9, 31pp., Nov. Land Appraisal.Minn. Agr. Expt.Sta. Haggerty, JohnJ. 1937. Public Finance Aspects ofthe Milk River MT-2), PhillipsCounty, Montana. Land AcquisitionProject (LA- Pub. 18-a, 96 u.s. Dept. Agr. LandUse Planiiing Hammar, Conad pp., Apr. H., and Muntzel,James H. 1935. Intensityof Land Useand the Resettlement Farm Econ. 17 (3):409-422, Aug. (Reprint.)Problem in Missouri.Jour. Hansen, P. L., Haggerty,J. J., and Voelker, 1939. Land UseAdjustment and the S. North Dakota. U.S. County FiscalProblem, BillingsCounty, graphed.) Dept. Agr. Bur.Agr. Econ., 34pp., June. (Mimeo- Harris, R. N. S.,.Tolley, G. S., and 1963. Cropland Couter, A. J. Reversion in theSouth. N.C. Agr. 88 pp., May. Expt. Sta. A. E. In!.Ser. 100, Hartman, WilliamA. 1935. Land..UseStudy Lays Basis book, 1935: 241-244, for PurchaseProject. U.S. Dept.Agr. Year.. Hartman, W. A., andBlack, J. D. 1931. Economic Aspects of LandSettlement in the Lakes States. U.S.Dept. Agr. Cir. 160,Cut-Over Region of theGreat coop, with Minn., Wjs.,Mich. Agr. Expt.85 pp., Apr. U.s.Dept. Agr. in , and Wooten, H. H. Stas. 1935. GeorgiaLand Use Problems. Agr. in coop, with U.S. Dept. Agr.Bui. 191, 195p. U.S. Dept. Hill, George W., Ga. Agr. Expt. Sta. Slocum, Walter,and Hill, Ruth 0. 1938. Man-LandAdjustment.._ Study of Family Land Retirementin the Central and Izter..FamilyAspects of Agr. Expt. Sta, Res. Wisconsin Land PurchaseArea. Wis. , and 5mith, Ronald A.Bul. No. 134, 80pp., Feb. 1941. Man in the"CutOver"_A 5tudy WisconsinWjs. Agr. Expt. of Family FarmResources in Northern Sta. in coop, with Sta, Res, Bul. 139,Apr. Wis. Agr. Expt. Hooker, P. K. Works ProjectsAdmjn. 1941. A Chronologyof the Land Utilization Soil Conserv.Serv. Program, 1933-40. U.S.Dept Agr., Hudelson, Robert R. 100PP. (Unpublished ms,) 1935. Agricu.lturaCollege Courses for 17 (3): 501-512, Rural Appraisers.Jour. Farm Econ. Hyde, Arthur M. Aug. 1930. Land Utilization u.s. Dept. Agr.Yearbook, 1930, 36-44. Land Planningand Conservation Jesness, Oscar B.,and Nowell, u.s. Dept. Agr.Yearbook, 1933: 52-59. 1935. A Program Reynolds, T. for Land Usein Northern Minnesota Univ. Minn, Press,Minneapolis 338 pp. (Chapter 10.) Johnson, Charless., Embree, EdwinR., and Alexander, 1935. Collapseof Cotton w. W. Tenancy__summary ofField Studies, 1933-1935, 81 pp. Univ. N.C.Press. Chapel Hill. 67 Johnson, Hugh A. 1946. Changes in Farming in the Lake States Cut-Over Region During the War. 29pp.,31rAe.Mirin. Agr.Expt.Sta.in coop.rith US. Dept. Agr. (Mimeographed.) Johnson, Neil W. 1940. Farm Adjustments in Montana--Graphic Supplement. Mont. Agr. Expt. Sta. FM Bul.8,55 pp., illus.,July. Mont. Agr. Expt. Sta. in coop. with U.S. Dept. Agr. Johnson, 0. M., and Turner, Howard A. 1930. The Old Plantation Piedmont Cotton Belt. U.S.Dept. Agr. Bur. Agr. Econ., 3Z pp., May. (Mimeographed.) Johnson, Sherman E. 1937. Land Use Readjustments in the Northern Great Plains. Jour. Land and Pub. Util. Econ. XIII (2): 153-16z. May. Inman, Buis T., and Southern, John H. 1960. Opportunities for Economic Development in Low-Production Farm Areas. U.S. Dept. Agr. Inform. Bul. 234, 37 pp., Nov. Klingebiel, A. A., and Montgomery, P. H. 1961. Land-Capability Classification. U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 210, 21pp., Sept. Kirkendall, Richard S. 1963. L. C. Gray and the Supply of Agricultural Land. Agr. Hist. Jour. 37 (4): 206-214, Oct. Kohlmeyer, J. B. 1940. Major Land Use Problems in Martin County, Indiana, With Suggestions for Programs and Policies. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bul. 453, 34pp., Oct. U.S. Dept. Agr. in coop. with Univ. Lnd. Agr. Expt. Sta. Kraenzel, C. F. 194Z. New Frontiers of the Great Plains. Jour. Farm. Econ. Z4 (3): 571-588, Aug. 1955. The Great Plains in Transition. 428pp. Univ. of Okla. Press. Landis, Paul H. 1935. Probable Social Effects of Purchasing Submarginal Land in the Great Plains. Jour. Farm Econ. 17 (3): 513-521, Aug. LaMont, T. E., and Tyler, H. S. Land Utilization and Classification in New York State. N.Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. AE-119. Lane, Charles N. 1935. Submarginal Farm Lands in New York State. 56pp. (A rpt. to N.Y. State Planning Bd., Mimeographed.) Leffelman, L. J. 1943. War Comes tothe Briar Patch- -Piedmont Land Adjustment Project. Soil Conserv. Mag., Feb. Long, David D., Maxon, E. T., Kirk, N. M., and others. 19Z2. Soil Survey of Oconee, Morgan, Greene, and Putnam Counties, Georgia. U.S. Dept. Agr., Bureau of Soils. 61 pp. and map. (Unnumbered report.) Lord, Russell, and Johnstone, Paul H. 1942. A Place on Earth. A Critical Appraisal of Subsistence Homesteads. U.S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Agr. Econ., 202pp., Apr. (Mimeographed.) 92)Malphus, Lewis D. 1938. The Resettlement Project of Approximately 25,000 Acresin the Vicinity of Clemson College. Clemson College, S.C. (Unpublished thesisin partial fulfillment of M.S. degree.) Marshall, James H., and Voelker, Stanley. 1940. Land Use Adjustments in the Bu.ffalo Creek Grazing District,Yellowstone County, Montana. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur.Agr.Econ.,59pp,, Aug. (Mimeo- graphed.) Mason, John E. 1940. Isolated Settlement in Koochiching County,Minnesota.U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Agr. Econ., 49 pp., Nov. (Mimeographed.)
68 McArdle, Richard E. 1960. The Sixties__Decadeof Decision. Amer. Paper 10 p., Feb. New York. arid PLLIp ASSOC. Rpt., McCall, Hugh R. 1940. Land UtilizationDevelopment. Soil Conserv. Mag. Moe, Edward 0., and Taylor,Carl C. 5 (5): 170-174, Jan. 1942. Culture ofa Contemporary Rural Community. Agr. Bur. Agr. Econ. Union, Iowa.U.S. Dept. graphed.) Rural Life Studies No. 5, 93pp., Dec. (Mimeo.. Moore, H. E., and Lloyd,0. G. 1936. The BackTo..The_Land Movementin Southern Indiana. md.Agr. Expt, Sta. Bul, No. 409, 28pp., Apr. Murchie, R. W., and Wasson,C. R. 1937. Beltranj Island,Minnesota Resettlement Bul, No. 334, 48pp., Dec. Project. Minn, Agr. Expt. Sta. Murray, William G. 1935. Researchon Rural Appraisal Problems. 500, Aug. Jour. Farm Econ. 17 (3): 491- Nichols, Ralph R., and King,Morton B., Jr. 1943. Social Effectsof Government Land 55 pp., June. U.S. Dept. Purchase. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bul. 390, Nowell, R. I. Agr. in coop, with Miss.State Col. 1937. ResettlementAdmjnstratjon Experience. 206-220, Feb. Jour. Farm Econ.19(1): Penny, J. Russell, andClawson, Marion. 1953. Administrationof Grazing Districts. Feb. Jour. Land Econ. Vol. XXIX,No. 1, Peterson, William. 1932. Land Utilizationin the Western Range Proc: 38-47, Country. Natl. ConI. LandUtil. Pick, Lewis A. 1952. Flood Control.Mil. Engin. 44 (301): Pine, Wilfred, H. p. 323, Sept.-Oct, 1960. Land Problems in the Great Plains. (Chapter27.) In Modern Land Policy. 359pp. Univ. of Ill. Press. Powell, David P., and Gay,Charles B. 1941. Physical LandConditions in Greene County, Soil Cons cry. Serv. Phys. Georgia. U.S. Dept. Agr. Proctor, Roy E. Land Survey No. 23, 53pp. 1957. Type of FarmingAreas of Georgia. Ga. Agr. Dec. Expt. Sta. Bul. N.S. 48, (:09)Purcell, Margaret R. 1945. A Quarter Centuryof Land Economics in the 1919-44. U.S. Dept. Agr. Department of Agriculture, Regan, Mark M. Bur, Agr. Econ.46pp,,oct,(Mimeographed.) 1960. Implementing LandResources Policy. (Chapter 359 pp. Univ. Ill. Press. 19.) Modern Land Policy. Renne, Roland R. 1936. Montana Land Ownership.._Analysis of theOwnership Pattern and Its Significance in Land Use Planning,U.S. Dept. Agr. Bul. 32, 58 June. U.S. Dept. Agr. incoop, with Mont. Agr, Expt. Sta. pp., 1936. Probable Effectsof Federal Land P'rchaseon Local Government. Natl. Mimic. Rev., Vol. XXV, No. 7,July. 1950. Range LandProblems and Policies. Chapter7, In Land Problems and Policies. Iowa State Col. Press,Ames. 1958. Social Control ofLanded Property andAgricultural Land. Chapters 16 and 19, Land Economics__Ed.2, rev. Harper and Bros., NewYork. 69 Reuss, L. A., and McCracken, 0. 0. 1947. Federal Rural Lands. U.S.Dept. Agr., Bur. Agr. Econ., 73 pp.,June. (Mimeographed.) Robbins, Roy M. 1939. The Public Domain inthe Era of Exploration, 1861-1901. Agr.I-iist. 13 (2): 97-108, Apr. Rowlands, W. A. 1936.Possibilities of Rural Resettlement in Wisconsin. Agr. Engin. 17 (6): 251-253, June.(Reprint.) Salter, Leonard A. 1948. A Critical Review of Research inLand Economics. 258 pp. Univ. Minn. Press, Minneapolis. Senzel, Irving. 1962. New Facts About Our AgriculturalLand Laws. Our Public Lands, Vol. 12, No. 1, July. Saunderson, M. H., Haight, R. B., Peterson, E. M., and Willard, Rex E. 1937. An Approach to Area Land Use Planning. Mont. Agr. Expt. Sta. Land Use Planning Pub. No. 16, Mar. Mont. Agr. Expt. Sta. in coop, with U.S. Dept. Agr. Schwartz, Hugo C. 1939. Governmental Tax Immunity, I--The Problem. Land Policy Rev.. 2 (1): 30., Jan.-Feb. 1939. Governmental Tax Immunity. 11--What To Do. Land Policy Rev. 2 (1): 30, May-June. Snyder, John I. 1946. TVA's Land Buying Program. Term. Val. Authority, Dept. Property and Supply, 44 pp., Feb. (Mimeographed.) Spector, Albert B. 1937. Legislative History of Land Utilization Provisions in the Farm Tenancy Bill. U.S. Dept. Agr. Pub. No. 210, 47 pp., Nov. (Mimeographed.) Spurlock, R. L., and Lingo, S. M. 1939. Land Use AdjustmentintheSpring Creek Area, Campbell County, Wyoming. U.S. Dept. Agr. Soil Cons cry. Serv., 15 pp., illus. Unnum- bered rpt. Starch,. A. 1939. Type of Farming Modification Needed in the Great Plains. Jour. Farm Econ., Vol. 21, No. 1, Feb. Stauber, B. R. 1932. Average Value Per Acre of Farm Real Estate in United States Was $48.52 in 1930. U.S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook, 1932: 474-478. Steele, Harry A., Solberg, Erling D., and Hill, Howard L. 1958. Measures to Facilitate Land Use Adjustments in the Great Plains. Paper for the Great Plains Agricultural Council, July. (Mimeographed.) , and Landgren,Norman E. 1962. Demands for Land for Agriculture-- Past, Present, and Future. Home- stead Centennial Symposium (Lincoln, Nebr.) Proc. U.S. Dept. Agr. Econ. Res. Serv., 25 pp., June (Reprint.) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Economics, Bureau of. 1938. Report of the Chief, 1938, 36 pp. , Agricultural Economics, Bureauof. 1938. Clemson College Land Utilization Project. Mar. , Agricultural Economics, Bureauof. 1938. The Bean Blossom Land Utilization Project. , Agricultural Economics, Bureau of. 1938. The Land Utilization Program for the Northern Great Plains.15 pp. (Unnumbered pamphlet.) , Agricultural Economics, Bureau of. 1939-41. Reports of the Chief.1939-40-41.
70 U.S. Department of Agriculture, AgriculturalResearch Service. 1956. Effects of Acreage-Allotment Programs--ASummary Report 1954- 1955. U.S. Dept. Agr. Prod. Res. Rpt. 3, 18pp., June. , Agricultural Research Service. 1958. The Conservation Reserve Program of theSoil Bank--Effects in Selected Areas, 1957. U.S. Dept. Agr. Agr. InformS Bul. 185, 34 , Agricultural Research Service. pp. Mar. 1959. Land Ownership in the Great Plains. U.S.Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. ARS 49-93. 31 pp., June. (Preliminary report.) , Farm Security Administration 1942. Report on Move Status of FamiliesOriginally Residing on Land-Use Project kreas, April 1942. U.S. Dept. Agr.Farm Security Admin. Rpt. 21, May. (Mimeographed.) , Forest Service. 1960. The National Grasslands. U.S. Dept.Agr. Program Aide No. 607, 27 July 25. pp., , Forest Service. 1954-63. Annual Reportsof the Chief of the Forest Service, 1954-1963. , Forest Service. 1964. The National GrasslandsStory. U.S. Dept. Agr.Program Aid No. 607, 17 Pp., March. , Land Use Coordination, Office of. 1940. The Dust Bowl--Agricultural Problemaand Solutions. Ed. Ref. Ser. No. 7, July. , Land Use Coordination, Office of. 1941. Report of the Office of Land Use Coordination, forJuly 12, 1937 to June 30, 1941.100 pp., July. (Mimeographed.generalreporttothesecofAgr) , National Conference on Land Utilization. 1932. Proceedings of the National Conferenceon Land Utilization, Chicago, LU., Nov. 19-21, 1931. 251 pp.,May. , National Land-Use Planning committee. 1933. The Problems Of "Submarginal" Areas, andDesired Adjustments with Particular Reference to Public Acquisition of Land. Natl.LandUse Planning Corn. Pub. 6, 24 pp., Apr. , National Resources Board. 1934-35. National Resources Board Report 1934, andSupplementaryReport of the Land Planning Committee, Vol. 12, 1935. (Submnittedto thePresident in accordance with Executive Order No. 6777.) , National Resources Board. 1935. Maladjustments in Land Use in theUnited States.Pt. 6, 55 pp. , National Resources Board. 1940. Public Land Acquisition--Part 1:Rural Lands.Land Com. Rpt., 25 pp., June. , National Resources Board. 1942. Public Works and Rural Land Use.Land Com. Rpt., 6 pp., Sept. , Resettlement Administration. 1935. The Resettlement Administration,Resettlement Admin. Pub. 1, 27 pp., Sept. , Resettlement Administration. 1936. Interim Report of the Resettlement Administration,April. , Resettlement Administration. 1936. Sen. Res. No. 295, A Report on Objectives, Accomplishments, andEffects of the Resettlement Administration Program. Sen. Doc. 213, 74th Cong., 2nd Sess. May 12. , Res ettlemnent Administration. 1936. First Annual Report of the ResettlementAdministration, June. , Resettlement Administration. 1937. Report of the Administrator of the Res ettlement Administration, 1937, Oct. , Resettlement Administration. 1937. The What and Why of the Sandhills Project.15 pp. (Unnumbered booklet.)
71 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil ConservationService. 1939-53. Reports of the Chief, 1939-1953. U.S. Department of the Interior. 1956. Federal Land Policy. 25 pp., June.(Mimeographed.) , Bureau of Land Management. 1962. Land Acquired Under Title UI and Administered by theSecretary of the Interior. Info. Memo., June. (Mimeographed.) U.S. National Planning Association. 1942. For a Better Post-War Agriculture. Planning Pam.11, 47 pp., May. Voellcer, Stanley W. and Longmore, T. Wilson. 1939. Assessment of Dry-Farming and Grazing Lands in Weld County, Cob. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Agr. Econ., July. (Unnumbered rpt. Mimeographed.) Wager, Paul W. 1945. One Foot on the Soil--A Study ofSubsistence Homesteads in Alabama. 230 pp. Univ. Ala., Tuscaloosa. Wallace, Henry A. 1934. Permanent Control of Agricultural Production.U.S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook, 1934: 20-25. Wallace, Henry C. 1921. The Year in Agriculture--The Secretary's Report tothe President.U.S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook, 1921: 1-67. Weeks, David. 1934. Land Utilization Investigations in California.Radioaddress, San Fran- cisco.5 pp., Sept. (Mimeographed.) (166)Wehrwein, G. S. 1931. A Balanced Use of Land--for Agriculture--for Forests--for Recreation. Univ. Wis. Ext. Serv. Radio Cir., 28pp., Feb. Madison. 1937. An Appraisal of Resettlement. Jour. Farm Econ. 19 (1): 190-205, Feb. 1939. The Economic Status of Isolated5ettlers inthe Cutover Area of Wisconsin. Jour. Land and Pub. Util. Econ., May. , Hendrickson, Clarence I., Saunderson, M. H., and others. 1938. Rural Zoning. U.S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook, 1938: 241-245. Wilsie, Roger H. 1963. The Economics of Classifying Farmland Between Alternative Uses. Nebr. Agr. Expt. Sta. Res. Bu.1. 208, March. Nebr. Agr. Expt. Sta. in coop. rith U.S. Dept. Agr. Wilkins, Tivis E., and Mclntire, George B. 1942. An Analysis of the Land Acquisition Program Under Title III of the Bank- head-Jones Farm Tenant Act. U.S. Dept. Agr. SCS-MP-26. 34pp., Aug. (Mimeographed.) Wilson, M. L. 1923. Dry Farming in the North Central Montana Triangle. Mont. Expt. Sta. Ser. Bul. 66, June 1923. (172) 1937. Agricultural Conservation--An Aspect of Land Utilization. Jour. Farm Econ. 19 (1): 3-12, Feb. (173)Wooten, H. H. 1953. Major Uses of Land in the United States. U.S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bul. 1082, 100 pp., Oct. (174) 1955. Agriculture and Forestry Competition or Coexistence. Internatl. Jour. Agr. Aff. 2 (2): 169-185, June. Wynne, Wailer. 1943. Culture of a Contemporary Rural Community, Harmony, Georgia. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Agr. Econ. Rural Life Studies 6, 58pp., Jan. Young, G. E. 1933. Marginal Farmland in Southern Indiana. md. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 376. Z8 pp., March.
72 APPENDIX A.--EXPLANATION OF DIFFERENCES iN REPORTS OFACREAGES ACQUIRED IN THE LANDUTILIZATION PROGRAM2' Annual and other reports and records ofacquisition, title clearance, transfer of land bythe agencies administeringthe land utilization payment, and 11,299,000 acres of landwere acquired in the program (table program show that 353,525 acres forwhich titles had not been 12). If to this is addedthe the totajamount of land acquired under cleared prior to transferto other agencies, the program totals11,652,062 acres. There were severalinstances of transfers ofland and responsibility ance subsequent toacceptance of options and the for title clear- transfers. Forexample, the recreational land commitment of funds, butprior to title Order to theNational Park Service use projects were consignedby Executive completion of titles. and other agencieson November 14, 1936, before The total land for whichacreages for land acquiredunder the land utilization titles had been obtainedin recreational projects program include the these projects toother agencies by the prior to the transferof 127,697 acres for Executive Order. Titles hadbeen obtained for of 394,968 recreational projectson this date, out of the total acres, for which approvalsand commitments to purchase recreational areas the difference.._267,27lacres --optioned and had been made. Thus, had not beenobtained are not included approved for purchase, but forwhich titles acquired. in the total land utilizationacreage reported Payment had been made and titles cleared for713,319 acres of the total of acres of wildlife landsfor whichcommitments had been made, leaving 734,999 included in the totalacquired under the land 21,680 acres not of 971,879 utilization program. Of the totalIndian lands acres for which commitmentshad been made at time of en made and titles clearedfor 907,325 acres, making transfer, payment had included in theacreage acquired under the land a difference of 64,574 acresnot Various landholding and utilization program. administering agencies of the landutilization program in the 1930's and early 1940'sdid not keep records ofreal estate on a uniform basis. sets of figures,ostensibly pertaining to the Various or exchange, reported by same acquisition, transfer, assignment,grant, agreement, nor are they subjectdifferent agencies in thel930's frequently are not incomplete deavored to select the to verification. Thewriters of various reports haveen- given in the tables most reasonablepresentation of data. Nevertheless,overall totals sources. may be approximations subjectto variation dependingon dates and Total acreageacquisitions reported by titles had been clearedand for which the sellersyears had generally represent land forwhich cially for 1935 and 1936, been paid. For someyears, espe- dataondeliveryof checkswere not always readily available,anc the acreage underlegally accepted optionsand approvals for purchase acquired acreage. However,data for other were used as the. in the total acreage for years shows there was not a large differenc during the year, andwhich options had beenaccepted and approvals given forpurchase the final acreage for whichtitles were cleared and checkswere delivered. The landuses as of June 30, 1964,are shown in tables 13 and 14. Another source of differencein land utilization changes, grants, and salesof larger or smaller acreage reported acquired wasex- of land acquired in the acreages of private and other public land and local agencies.land utilizationprogram. Table 15 shows grants and salesto States projects. The differencesFrequently, exchanges resultedin increases in acreage of certain sometimes are explained infootnotes or in detailed records of annual operations, butare not always carried in final Trarsfers of about 500,000 or summary reports. acres in scattered tracts of publicdomain land to the land utilization program alsoaffected totalacreage and average costs per acre of land quired. Records oftransfers of tracts of public ac- utilization projectsare not always clear as to whetherdomain land within or adjacent to land totals acquired. Total the acreage was included in the acreage acquired as calculated fromreports and records may be low because ofexclusion of some public-domainland. 24 Data and calculations are based on annual reports and memoranda of the Bureau ofAgricultural Econom- ics, the Soil ConservationService, and the Resettlement U.S. Dept. Agr. Administration, and on Agricultural Statistics, 1936-53
73 TABLE 12. --ibmargina1 land acquired by U.S. Department of Agriculture, by States,1935-46
Original or New or Total emergency Title III State and region l935-46 prograxfls, program 1935_371 1938-46
1,000 acres 1.000 acres 1.000 acres
Maine 7 9 26 New Hampshire 0 0 (4) Vermont 0 0 0 Massachusetts 0 0 0 Rhode Island 13 (4) 13 Connecticut 10 2 12 New York 74 20 94 New Jersey 0 0 0 Pennsylvania 33 16 49 Delaware 4 1 5 Maryland 41 4 45 Dist. of Columbia 0 0 0
Northeast 192 52 244
Michigan 92 15 lO'7 Wisconsin 225 19 244 1Unnesota 189 15 204
Lake States 506 49 555
Ohio 36 2 38 Iriiana 49 16 65 Illinois 28 15 43 Iowa 2 0 2 Missouri 13 27 40
Corn Belt 128 60 188
North Dakota 882 263 1,145 South Dakota 742 230 9'72 Nebraska 176 25 201 Kansas 54 48 102
Northern Plains 1,854 566 2,420
Virginia 42 15 57 Vest Virginia 6 10 16 North Carolina 141 21 162 Kentuc1r 70 2 72 Teimessee 69 16 85
Appalachian 328 64 392
74 TABLE 2. --Submarginal land acquired by U.S. Departmentof Agriculture, by States, 1935-46- -Continued
Original or New or State and region emergency Title 111 Total programs, program l935-46 1935 -37' 193-45
1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 Acres South Carolina Georgia 148 7 155 Florida 181 7 259 Alabama 609 :6 625 127 5 132 Southeast 1,065 106 1,171 Mississippi I Arkansas J 110 26 136 LOUisana 254 33 287 200 2 202 Delta States 564 61 625 Oklahoma Texas 60 93 ' 153 18 114 132 Southern Plains 78 207 25 Montana Idaho 1,709 402 2,111 Wyoming 138 1 139 Colorado 273 151 424 New lxico 254 410 664 Arizona 1,042 308 1,350 Utah 0 46 46 Nevada 65 4 69 0 3 3 Junt a in 3,481 1,325 4,806 Washington Oregon 241 9 250 California 239 102 341 0 22 22 Pacific 480 133 I 6U United States 8,676 2,623 11,299 'AnnualReport of Resettlent Title Clearance Ur1er Administration, 1936, table2, pp. 127-131, Status of Old Utilization ProgramPrior to Authorization of Banithead_Jones Farm Tenant Title III of 2 Act, July 1937, SoilConserv. Serv., Dec. 31, 1942. Status of Title ClearanceUnder Title III, 1943. Reports of the Barlkhead_Jones Farm Tenant Act,Feb. 28, Chief, Soil Conserv.Serv., 1943-46. Reportscovering details of land acquisition by the SoilConservation Service, under Title 111 of theBarilthead_Jones Farm Tenant all the land in Act, prepared in 1942 and1943, do not include process of acqujsitio Consequently, the less than those in this table. acreages reported in them are ' New Hampshire, 45 acres. Rhode Island, 53acres.
75 TABLE 13. --Land utilization land in National Forests, National Grasslands, and other areas administered by the Forest Service as of June30, 19641
National National Other State and region Total:. Forests Grasslands areas
1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1.000 acres (2) Maine 0 0 (2) New Hampshire 0 0 0 0 Vermont 0 0 0 0 Massachusetts 0 0 0 0 Rhode Island 0 0 0 0 Connecticut 0 0 0 0 New York 0 0 14 14 New Jersey 0 0 0 0 Pennsylvania 0 0 0 0 Delaware 0 0 0 0 Maryland 0 0 0 0 Dist. of CoLumbia 0 0 0 0
Northe ast 0 0 14 14
Michigan 1 0 7 8 Wisconsin 15 0 1 16 Minnesota 0 0 0 0
Lake States 16 0 8 24 cI10 0 0 0 0 Indiana (2) 0 3 3 Illinois 10 0 0 10 (2) (2) Iowa 0 0 Missouri 3 0 L3 16
Corn Belt 13 0 16 29
North Dakota 0 1,105 0 1, 105 South Dakota 0 864 3 867 Nebraska 40 94 0 134 Kansas 0 107 0 107
Northern Plains 40 2,170 3 2,213
Virgiiü a 0 0 0 0 West Virginia 0 0 0 0 North Carolina 0 0 0 0 Kentucky 0 0 0 0 Tennessee 0 0 1 1
Appalachian 0 0 1 1
South Carolina 0 0 0 0 Georgia 153 0 9 162 Florida 262 0 0 262 Alabama 97 0 0 97
Southeast 512 0 9 521
See footnotes at end of table. 76 TABLE 13.--Land utilization land in National Forests,National Grasslands, and other areas administered by the Forest Service as of June 30, 19--ontinied
National National Other State and region Total Forests Grasslands areas
1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres
Mississippi 85 0 0 85 Arkansas 161 0 0 161 Louisiana 31 0 0 31
Delta States 277 0 0 277
Oklahoma 35 47 0 S2 Texas o 117 0 117
Southern Plains 35 164 0 199
ntana 0 0 0 0 Idaho 4 48 0 52 Vyaming 0 573 0 573 olorado 11 612 1 624 ew lxico 215 134 89 438 '.rizona 0 0 0 0 Jtah 43 0 0 43 levada 0 0 0 0
4untain 273 1,367 90 1,730
iashington 220 0 1 221 )regon 74 103 0 177 a1ifornia 0 0 19 19
Pacific 294 103 20 417
United States 1,460 3,804 161 5,425
Record of land utilization projects transferred to the Forest Service, or placed under its custody, based on Forest Service tables dated May 15, 1961, as subsequently corrected and adjusted to June 30, 1964. 2Maine 465 acres; Iowa 360 acres; Indiana 523 acres.
77 TABLE 14. --Federal Grazing District areas, National Parks, National Wildlife Refuges, and Indian Land units formed from land utilization projects under administration of agencies of the U.S. Departnent of the Interior
Federal National Nationl Indian Total State and region grazing dis- wildlife Parks lands2 trict areas1 refuges2 acreage
1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres
Maine 0 0 6 0 6 New Hampshire 0 0 0 0 0 Vermont 0 0 0 0 0 Massachusetts 0 0 0 0 0 Rhodelsland 0 0 0 0 0 Connecticut 0 0 0 0 0 NewYork 0 0 0 0 0 NewJersey 0 0 0 0 0 Pennzylvania 0 0 1 0 1 Delaware 0 0 0 0 0 Maryland 0 0 5 0 5 Dist. of Columbia 0 0 0 0 0
Northeast 0 0 12 0 12
Michigan 0 0 0 4 4 Wisconsin 0 97 0 39 137 Minnesota 0 82 0 29 110
Lake States 0 179 0 72 251
Ohio 0 0 0 0 0 Indiana 0 0 0 0 0 Illinois 0 32 0 0 32 Iowa 0 0 0 0 0 M1ssiri 0 0 0 0 0
Corn Belt 0 32 0 0 32
North Dakota 0 4 45 12 61 South Dakota 0 0 45 114 159 Nebraska 0 0 0 0 0 Kansas (3) 0 0 0 ()
Northern Plains (3) 4 90 126 220
Virginia 0 0 21 0 21 West Virginia 0 0 0 0 0 North Carolina 0 6 10 0 16 Kentucky 0 47 0 0 47 Tennessee 0 0 0 0 0
Appalachian 0 53 31 0 84
South Carolina 0 89 4 0 93 Georgia 0 28 0 0 28 Florida 0 23 0 27 50 Alabaitia 0 0 0 0 0
Southeast 0 140 4 27 171
See footnotes at end of table. 78 TLE 14. --FederalGrazj District areas, ationa1 Parks, National Indian Land its foed from Wildlife Refuges, f the U.S. land utilizationprojects under and Department o the Interior__Continued adinjstratj3n ofagencj5
Federal State and National region grazing dis- Wildlife t'Jational Indian Total trict areas' Parks2 refuges2 lands2 acreage
cres cres1,000 acres lOOO acres cres Mississippi 0 Arkansas 38 0 0 0 38 Louisiana 0 0 0 0 0 162 0 0 162 Delta States...... 0 200 0 0 200 Oklahoma 0 Texas 0 19 8 19 0 0 8 Southern Plains 8 0 19 27 Montana 1,925 Idaho 19 0 73 120 2,064 Wyoming 0 0 10 8 81 Colorado 0 0 38 0 10 New Mexico 0 0 233 0 38 Arizona 0 2 39 637 872 Utah 0 0 33 0 39 0 0 Nevada 0 33 3 0 0 0 3 Mountain 2,354 19 2 765 3,140 Wash irlgton 0 Oregon 28 0 95 0 28 Ca1ifornj 0 0 0 1 96 0 0 4 Pacific 32 0 1 128 United States 2,449 667 139 1,010 4,265 ' Land utilization project acreage as administered in reported in 1964 by theBureau of Land Management 2 Federal Grazing DistrictAreas. Fm reports andtables, Fish Indian Service, 1961. d Wildlife Service,National Park Service, and Kansas, 80 acres.
79 TABLE 15. --Grants and sales of land utilizationroject lands to State and local agencies, 1954-1961
Total - Grants Sales State and region acreage
1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1.000 acres
Maine 17 0 17 New Hampshire 0 0 0 Vermont 0 0 0 Massachusetts 0 0 0 Rhode Island 10 0 10 Connecticut 12 0 12 New York 19 0 19 New Jersey 0 0 0 Pennsylvania 41 0 41 Delaware 5 0 5 Maryland 45 0 45 Dist. of Columbia 0 0 0
Northeast 149 0 149
Michigan 1 0 1 Wisconsin 57 14 71 Minnesota 21 0 21
Lake States 79 14 93
Ohio 38 0 38 Indiana 14 0 14 Illinois 0 0 0 Iowa 1 0 1 Missouri 0 0 0
Corn Belt 53 0 53
North Dakota 1 0 1 South Dakota 2 0 2 Nebraska 0 0 0 Kansas (2) 0 (2)
Northern Plains 3 0 3
Virginia 40 0 40 West Virginia 15 0 15 North Carolina 35 14 49 Kentucky 27 0 27 Tennes see 75 0 75
Appalachian 192 14 206
South Carolina 56 0 56 Georgia 53 0 53 Florida 185 114 299 Alabama 0 0 0
Southeast 294 114 408
See footnotes at end of table. 80 L.BLE 15.--Grants and sales of land utilizationproject lands to State and local agencies, 1954-1961' --Continued
i'otal State and region Grants Sales a c re age
1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres MiSSissippi 8 0 8 Arkansas 2 46 48 Louisiana 0 0 0 Delta States 10 46 56 Oklahoma 19 0 19 Texas 4 0 4 Southern Plains 23 0 23 Montana 0 0 0 Idaho 0 0 0 Wyoming 0 0 0 Colorado 0 0 0 New Mexico 3 0 3 Arizona 0 0 0 Utah 0 0 0 Nevada 0 0 0 M3untain 3 0 3
Washington 0 0 0 Oregon 0 0 0 California 0 0 0
Pacific 0 0 0
United States 806 188 994
' Record of grants arid sales from Jan. 2, 1954, toMay 15, 1961, to State and local agencies from acreages transferred to theForest Service. Prior to Jan. 2, 1954, approxi- mately 300,000 acres were transferred to Stateand local agencies, making a total of almost 1,300,000 acres in 80 some projects. 2Kansas; 152 acres.
81 APPENDIX B. --CHRONOLOGY OF THE LAND UTILIZATION PROGRAM2 A. FACTORS LFAD1NG UP TO ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PROGRAM 1. Research and reports on land utilization, 1919-1934. Z. Recognition by Congress of the problem of submarginal land by specialauthoriza- tion in the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929 for the Federal Farm Board"to make investigations and reports,... including ... land utilization for agricultural purposes; reduction in acreages of unprofitable marginal lands in cultivation." 26 Recommendation of a program of land utilization by the National Conference of Land Utilization held in Chicago, November 1931.27 Recommendation for retirement of farmland unsuitable for agriculturaluse, by the Land Planning Committee of the National Resources Board in itsreport, December 1934.28 Action by the Special Board of Public Works to start a Federal Land Program including proposal to offset increased production from new reclamationprojects by purchase and retirement of submarginal farmlands, August 1933. B. FIRST FUNDS FOR SUBMARGINAL LAND PURCHASE OF $25,000,000ALLOTTED BY THE PRESIDENT TO FEDERAL SURPLUS RELIEF CORPORATION,DECEMBER 1933. C. PROGRAM UNDER FEDERAL EMERGENCY RELIEF ANDAGRICULTURALADJUST.. MENT ADMINISTRATIONS, 1934-35. Funds transferred February 1934 by Special Board of Public Works from Federal Surplus Relief Corporation to Federal Emergency Relief Administration. Policies and procedures outlined in Federal Surplus Relief Corporation Resolution of January 1934. Submarginal Land Committee representing the Federal Emergency ReliefAdmin- istration and the Departments of the Interior and Agriculture, including the Land Policy Section of Agricultural Adjustment Administration, assigned overall direc- tion of the program from February to July 1934. State Rural Rehabilitation Corporations given responsibility for resettlement of families, May 1934. Procedure and policies realigned under Director of the Land Program, appointed by Federal Emergency Relief Administration, July 1934. Special board for public works accepted program of projects outlined by the Di- rector of the Land Program, July 1934. Drought relief funds totaling $53,390,000 made available to The Land. Program, August 1934. Major part of drought relief funds allotted for land purchase and development withdrawn for relief purposes, March 1935. In certain States, withdrawal from homesteading or disposal of all public domain lands for classification, February 1935. Federal Emergency Relief Administration Administrator given authority by Presi- dent to purchase and administer certain property, March 1935. Emergency Relief Appropriation Act authorized President to acquire real property approved April 1935.
25ThIS appendix was prepared from (a)A Chronology of theLand Utilization Program1933-1940, by P.K. Hooker, a 100-page unpublished manuscript, Soil Conservation Service, 1941; and (b)records and reports fur- nished by F.W. Grover, E.G. Grest, J.E. Elliott, and others of the Forest Service, 1949-1963; andby R.W. Rogers, R.K. Wright, Dorothy Long, and others of the Soil Conservation Service, all ofthe U.S. Department of Agriculture. 26U.S. Congress, Agricultural Marketing Actof 1929. 27National Conference on Land Utilization, Chicago Ill. Proc. Nov. 1931. 28 National Resources Board Report. Dec. 1, 1934; and Supplementary Report of the Land Planning Com- mittee. Vol. 1 and 11. 1935. 12. Authoritygiven the President to to purchase and develop allot funds fromemergency relief appropriations 55, PL 320, 74th Congress.)submarginal lands for publicpurposes, August 1935. (Sec.
D. PfOGRAM UNDERRESETTLEMENT ADMINISTRATION29 1,Resettlement Adrrijmstration The land utilization established, by Executive Order,April 1935. with an jmtjal allotmentprogram transferred to theResettlement Administration, of $48 million dollarsfor land purchase and $18million dollars to employ laborfor development,April 1935. Land Utilization Divisionof Resettlement of program, April1935. Administration given immediate direction Reassigmnent of planningand acquisition of land submarginal lands from for resettlement of familieson ember 1935. Land UtilizationDivision to Resettlement Division,Nov- Withdrawal, March 1935, of$50,000,000 of land acquisjtjon.-and opened door to early funds delayed projects restarted later by criticism of program. Developmentof labor. allotment of $40,391,676for employment of relief Memorandum of Understandingwith the Department of the Lands in LU Projects,October 1935. Interior: Public Domain Memorandum of Understandingwith Office of Indian Interior: Admjmstratjonof Indian Projects (includingAffairs, Department of the such projects), October1936 to September 1939. final disposition made of Recreational demonstration ber 1936. projects transferred toNational Park Service, Novem.. Wildlife projects transferred to the Fish andWildlife Service (formerly theBio- logical Survey) priorto and after November1936. Logjam in payment ofvendors finally broken, April Resettlement Admjthstration to November 1936. 1936. transferred to Department ofAgriculture, December Bankhead_Jones Farm TenantAct e1acted by Congress,July 1937. Appropriation of $10 millionfor fiscal year ending $20 million foreach of 2 fiscal June 1938, and not to exceed Jones Farm Tenant years thereafter, was authorized bythe Bankhead_ by the Act. Act, to effectuate the landutilization program, as redirected Name of Resettlement Administration changed to FarmSecurity Administration, September 1937, withassignment of responsibility for purchase programs under resettlement and tenant Act. TitlesI, U, and IV of Bankhead_JonesFarm Tenant
E. LAND UTILIZATIONPROGRAM UNDER BUREAU September 1937. OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Transfer of land utilization program to Bureau of AgriculturalEconomics, au. thorized by Secretary ofAgriculture, September 1937. Departmental policies for landutilization Program under TitleUI of the Bankhead Jones Farm Tenant Actoutlined by Secretary, September Organization under Bureau of 1937, Lands acquired uzder Agricultural Economics, September1937. June 1938. emergency program transferred toTitle Ill Program, The Farm Security July 1938. Administrationis part inprogram from September 1937 to (a) Memorandt of Understanding betweenFarm Security Administration Bureau of AgriculturalEconomics as to and September 1937. responsibilities for land utilizations 29For addidonal information, refer to(15O151, 152, 153, 154, 155)
83 Memorandum of Agreement betweenBureau of Agricultural Economics and Farm Security Administrationfor relocation of families onland utilization projects, February 1938. Transfer of program to Bureauof Agricultural Economics completed, July 1938. Memorandum of Agreement betweenBureau of Agricultural Economics and Farm Security Administrationfor assistance to families on projectsestablished under Title III, July 1938. F. PROGRAM UNDER SOILCONSERVATION SERVICE, October1938 to December 1953. Secretary of Agriculture authorizestransfer of program to Soil Conservation Service, October 1938. Organization under Soil Conservation Servicefrom November 1938 to May 1942. Statement of objectives, policies and managementof the Soil Conservation Service. G. PROGRAM UNDER FOREST SERVICE,January 1954 to December 1964.
1.Transfer of program to Forest Serviceauthorized by Secretary of Agriculture, ef- fective January 1954. the Barikhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act: 2.Disposal of lands acquired under Title III of Assignments, sales, and transfers prior toJanuary 2, 1954. Assignments, sales, arid transfers onarid after January 2, 1954. 3. Management and use of land utilization programlands.
84 APPENDIX C. --LAND UTILIZATIONPROJECT WORK UNITS PROGRESS FOR SELECTED COMPLETED ANDIN JOBS OF LAND IMPROVEMENTSJtThtE 30, 1938
ob s I tern tJni t Completed In progress Total Structural iillprovernents: Administration buildings Barns Nuinbe r 80 25 105 do. 46 15 Bathhouses do. 61 Bridges 25 9 34 do. 902 728 1,630 Cabins do. Corrals 170 88 258 do. 212 4- Dipping vats do. 253 Dwellings 17 14 31 do. 78 24 Fences Miles 102 Garages 9,343 1,115 10,458 Number 68 Impounding dams 27 95 do. 1, 575 331 1,906 Latrines do. Lodges 254 220 474 do. 6 7 Miscellaneous buildings do. 13 Power lines 358 209 567 Miles 515 Sewerage systerns 49 564 4umbe r 117 74 191 e 1 te rs do. Water systems 285 91 376 do. 431 504 935 Transportation improvements: Park roads Miles 3,063 2,765 5,828 Road construction do. 1,657 Telephone lines 1,608 3,265 Truck trails do. 1,193 1,777 2,970 Other trails do. 1,371 2,551 3,922 do. 577 219 796 General land treatment: Clearing land Acres 76,661 25,027 101,688 Removal of farmsteads Number Seeding 933 2,720 3,653 Acres 53,269 51, 136 104,405 Erosion control: Dikes and levees Cubic yd. 117,451 94,918 212,369 Ijor check dams rluznber Terracing 234,219 16,113 250,332 Miles 1,050 1,665 2,715 Forest development: Firebreaks Miles Fire hazard reduction 3,498 3,285 6,783 Acres 176,194 93,000 269, 194 Forest stand improvement do. Lookout towers 229,414 134, l5 363, 599 Number 108 19 127 4u rse ne s do. Tree planting 33 22 55 Acres 33,372 84,772 118,644 Nildlife: Biological conditioning Acres 213, 609 Fish-rearing ponds 9, 583 223, 192 'Iumber 113 83 196 Food and cover planting Acres 18,433 Caine farms 22,428 40,861 4uznber 40 17 57 Source: Table 668, AgriculturalStatistics, 1939, U.S. Dept. Agr.
85 APPENDIX D )' I( I 'I II ) () \( ) I I \ I. )\ii II.E )I I I'\ .\\ )\ liii '1i(1\° 1.1 i \\LI', (IN \ / - 'I\ I1I I ¶Vl' ). 10(1 (I I I I (I I '1II\ !)tI(Y )t)1J'\ 1)tl' () '°!I I Tfl[J R. 1)OIJGLAS 1-IURT
THE NATIONAL GRASSLANDS: ORIGIN ANI) 1)EVELOPMENT IN TIlE I)UST BOWL
Ott 20 June 1960, the U.S. Department of Agriculture created nineteen National Grasslands from twenty-two land utilization projects in eleven western states. 'lhosc National Grasslands included tour which were located in the most severely wind-eroded area of the Great Plains known as the Dust Bowl (see Fig. 1). At that time the Mills project in New Mexico, the Morton County project in Kansas, the Cimarron project in Oklahoma, the l)allain County project in Texas, afld the Southeastern ;in(l Southern Otero projects in Colorado became respectively the Ki- owa, Cituarron, Rita Blanca, and Comanche National (;rasslaids. Each laud util iL;ition project had beeti part of the Roosevelt A(lministrations national soil conservation )rogram during the 1930s - a j)rogIam that was spe(Illcally designed to restore severely eroded lands such as those found in the Dust Bowl. [here, drought, crop failure, overgrazing, soil structure, and the prevailing winds had contributed to the most serious wind erosion problem in the nation by 1932. As wind erosion increased on the Great Pfains during the early 1930s, the interests ofthe social scientists who chartipioned the need to remove submarginal lands from cultivation, also intensified. It' the most se- vci-ely eroded lands could be removed from cultivation and restored to glass and the blowing rangeland reseeded, New Dealers argued, the soil could be stabilized, the dust storms ended, and the land returned to a glazing economy with the Federal government dictating the best con- servat ion practices. The development of the land utilization projects in the Dust Bowl would be the supreme test of the federal government to
1)i 1111 .1 AS 11(1K F IS ASM,(iate j'(liiOr uIli,,ieliiii', 01110 HlsiOriC,tl Sui-ici.( :oIumbu Of to, lrde,,l flrgistrr, 24I one I 96() H Doug Ia s 110 r. Tlit 1)0 st BoilIn .-ig' u-uliural cud So, wI H:stnry(Chicago: Nelson-hall. l9l), 33; 'National Grasslands Estahlislted,',kurd o/ hirrstry5 (August 1960): 679; Keith A. Argow. 'Out NationalGrasslands: Dustlandio ru sIa to I,'.4 mrr,ra ii hirrsi, 6 (ha Iota I1962): 50 (.RI( 1 ti t!R.I Ills 10KV Nl I NI(;R SSI.-NI)S
a iiicvc those goals in the (;reat Plains where soil ci osioti had become a and 11111)tuielitatitnh of liIi(l-tiSc policy omi t lie lk-licf fli,ip)i tcononiic .ind social pi-ohiem. I lu;utI fittut-&,l society Wi:i'e suiperioi- to those of the individui.il .Asamesuilu,so nt's. I up- ll;tiis ti remove .sul)miiginil firinliuds loon cLiltIvItion, however, reselite(l by tue fe(lerai govcu-uimueuit, had did not iegiii wit lit lie (lust stoiins. Since the early 1920s, social scien- au(il)lug;umiuuiu to ;oslst fir rn-i to use their lands wisely for the heuuclit of all. 'lhc lam nsts kid been snidyiiig land ticilizatiori in relatioii to productivity and 1101 iluui, thuur.ai have absolute owiicm-sluip ol hisproperty. Ratluet-, lu soil (oiiscrvatioli. in 1929 the Agricultural Marketing Act enabled the sli.io'al ii with san cty that wasobligaied to oversee its Federal Farm Board to analyze the suitability of removing marginal use to gtuar;umutce hit tnt- gcmi&-i.iu touts the inheritance of fertile Fields rather thaiueroded hillsides ,umiu I l,iiols fioiii cultivat loll. Two years later, delegates fromland-grant col- duusi- laden air. Ih exercise that responsil)ility,liowevei-, tue guveu iuiiieitt Ituul leges, federal agencies, and farm organizations iliet at the National the obligation oF providing gtiidel ines foi Con (erence on Land Utilization in Chicago where they urged the fed- t lie prolei tise oft lie soil, a rid if need be, it could use itscoercive power to imisuJr(- I ham I lame meg tiLt- eiil l)LircfI;ise of sLiI)Iilarginal lands. That con Ference led to theorgani- tions wou Id be ohserve(I.' /,itiuil of the Natu)liaI Land Use Planning Committee in 1932. This More t.uiigml)lc rather i luautlucoietu.ul ticvelopmiuriut of & ulillIlIttee stii&lied (anti-use probieiiis an(l also reconiinended the led- I In- Lutud- ii,,- pmogmaiiu l)1'.iiI (iii 28 J)eteiiih,em 1933, when the l'til)iR Wom &i,tl ;i&&Iuisitn)ml of stihiniigiuial Ltrmiiland to remove it IIOIII ctiltivation. ks ;dttitiiis- tration (PWA) iramuslem-red twemity-liv&' iuuilliomu dollims mua the l&uh-u ii I-uly 1933, Piesulemit lieu bert I loover, in support of the conimnittec's Eimicugemu& y RclicI Adiuuiiiistrat ion (I' FRA) fort lur pti lr,isg me( uuIIlImieii(lal nulls, sought Cortgiession,ul ajpiov.tl for a l)ldfl that would ugh surhiru,r i ginal Jlfl(iS Alier l'ehmtiim-y 1931, llowt-vei, m('spoul (Iu;ul)lc tile ledei,il goveriuiuieuut to lease stibinaigiival l,uiud thereby re- l)iml V )ifuu'sluau the pl hung and altuusitiun of snbiivai-giivai I;umIs resid&d lliuVili)4 it liotii)u)(lLuCtlVity. Flue work 01 the N;itionui Land Use PI,n- wu I Ii Ia Luil(l I1ok y Sc&tiuii ol tile Agiuctuli tii,tlAd1tist iuumul nilig ( ('iui intl ice con tiriile(l wit ii the cleat ion of the Nit ionai Resources :\u 111111u1s11ii (AAA), aitluotigli the VERA u(1imuiflmsteiedlimiimi&i1I ;uuud leg.ul umr.ulo'r Bou (11)11 I J unc 193-I. Soon t fuere;ulter, the I and Planning Committee s and handled resettlement under itsI)ivjsuoii ol Rum ;tl Rclu;ulnlit;tuururu ol the Nai ioru,iI Resources Board completed a study of the nation's land On I May 1935, Piesj(Ient Roosevelttrausferm &-d respotisil)iluu ;uii(l W,uter resources and issued a report outlining land-usc policies hat bar I lit' land utilizationloogiaw to the Resettlement Adiiiiiiist mat mu mug si iu,oui- would he in the best interests of the general public. Specifically, that line administrative responsibility. Under the Resettlemiieuui .Aduiummuum u report called toi I lie le(leral government to formulate .i long-term land- tion, the Division olLaiid LJtmlizatioii use policy t li;tt wotild provide for the ac1uisit ion and removal of as asstiiuc(I mcsl)onsml)ulut) lc.ai;nlruruir- istering the work which tIle AAA hadl)egumiItinisdit Itoh. Inus-oset, imutu Ii .us 75,000,001) ,ucies lioiu ((ultiv,ltI011 iiitiOiiWi&lC.2 again chuamiged on 1 Septeiuubei- 1937. s'luemithe miesvI i'Iitus, by the timuue the (lust began to 1)10w severely, agricultural cx- m'.it'd I-auui curity Administration assumed comiti-ol ol' time land uiiiijt.uiia0apmujeu is pens, social scientists, and government officials had developed a"Land That authority lasted until 16 October 1938. wlicui t lie Soul ( : . - Progruin" which sought to achieve economic adjustments through pu lion Service (SCS) became Iuc ownership to deal with the "agricultural maladjustments" of severely respomusible br ailinimuistem-imig Ilue Lundsuit - chase program 1111(1cm Title iii ol the ero(lc(l lands. Ihis land utilization policy would provide an "agricul- B.uziklieud-Junies l'm iiilcit;urai\i of 1937. The Soil Conser'atiomi Semvice(ontintme(l to puii(it.is(' l;umuls Li ma 11)1 tase'' to siipieiiient the 'ngimleel-i ng phase" of the federal land rut designated iui-eas tlirouigli Fcbriiimi'y I9l3,wliemilie l.tial pin i luise at icc lamiiutiomi J)mogramn. ]getlier with New Deal zeal, it also would pr gram ended except loi itimal ii((IiimsitiOmis LII block-ui i(lC the h);islS Ioi a grand soil conservation experiment ill the Dust .tmu ,ttu'.0 Bowl. Indeed, New 1)eiilem-s believed the time wits iight for the federal 'GIJ),Stag i.uI ,iruil I'.iuiuuiiuuuurliuu1d.lII,uiu',.' govermimncnt to use 1)ubiIc luilds to purchase submarginal lands. MoM nii-ti, NII WiI.ai. 5i I ''iii I gram for ulit- Federal (;ove,-ruulugni, /ouunal of han,, !,aiia,,ni,a 15 im)ortamitly, however, New Deal social scientists based the development (.-lll ii 1911)!Iu,. 2.J7, Paul II. I..iiidrs...I'ioh.ilde Sot al I.1k is iii l'uuu lu.usmgSLllHrr.ilguuhll I.,uui,liiIa' (.11.11 1ains," fiiuuu run! of harmt.aonornu s 17 (A ulgllsi 1935: 511 M. I--Wilauii_ 'Agu aIiiial 9- ((.ruy ci .ui , t uuli,anon of Our lands for (:rps. l'asiurc .uuud Forests," Y,aroh Conservation - An A spec, olI and t J t ulizai ion7 Jour na! oJ harm tana,mo'Iinn ,,u -tiru ullsuir, /923.fl5-51)6; II. II. Wooien, The land Utilization Prograu. iiI u., l'O1, lJ, 1937):9-Io. v l)ei.urtuiuiiui ol Agi ur-uilitire. Ecuinoinit- Research Service, no. 85, rid., 4-5; Richard & LC Cray. ii kcr ul u II, so ,ul Si genii gig and J-irm F'o!jgucs an the 4ge of Ron seu I-tuiei,iI I'uurgfrase u,uuI Auliuiuiiistrjtuori of Suhuruaiguruall..uuaa.Iui uhe ( li ((A di uinl uiaLiiuiversiiy gains," Juuus no! iii hirm i.aoflomw 21 ( Ft-I I I'icss. 1966), 39. IC. Gray, "I lie Soci,ul arid I.conoinuc Iiuipiicalicifls gil thc N a uua ty 1939): 126; ( ray 'So, u.n .ujktu a. Jmpiwamnorus" 26:1-264; Kur-ke,ujf,ulf, So(a(g/&'aeIutu,g,agualtar,n ,ulI.i iii Ir u igraun. Journal o/ la run !-a-ono,nuO 18 (May 19:36) 260 Marion Claw 13,tit,i'g 82, II C ii. 1ndIjgil,zog,o,u Pnaagro,iu, tO, 1:3 flia! P/u an aug ( Br Ii ruin ret ihe o hi us I lopk uris t Jo I vers it y Press, 1981), 108. - I-I. t 'It iuuiaicly only $I0,0tI0,000 welt- so-uu chases nationwide, and uuuuly $9,000,000were inst-al for .It9inisni uruls iii I lie (iw I 18 A( ;R l( :. IIJKA I. fl ISI()RY NAIloNAI.(;KASsINI)s I
I'he Iiiid purchase program in the Dust Bowl had many objectives. nally, check and deed were excIuinged,01i IIC( cssu y,I tln(kci First, the fcdera goverimenc planned to purchase the most severely bursed to satisfy outstanding debtsor licns.6 wind-eroded or "nuisance lands" known as "blow haiards." Then, fed- Although the government was prepare(Ito usc i hc powcil cmii i'i ii crI offici;ds planned to halt wind erosion, turn the land-use projects domain to ac(luire neede(l lands, itwas hot willing tu CXCFIsC ti;u ;iui- iiIt() demonstration areas where farmerscould observe the best soil Cofl- thority in the Dust Bowl. Court ordeu-ed saJes, oil'(lals realiied, would scrvit ion iechniques, and eventually return the land to grazing tinder Iiav caused adverse ptiblicity and alienjtedrtsi(Ichl(s. liistul, .tii govcii1 incnt ininageiiient. At the same time the kind purchdse program praiser inspected the lands, (:oiistiItedwit It (ttt leimi, LIi'rii(i s ijidi Ii w 111(l cn hle the federal govern ment to conslid ate t lw firins wliieli ers, and based Ins valuation on the land's Pi(l1l(ti'1tYas gI.i/iiu i.tit, )( i.tl s( teut Ists cuus(krcd too small to provide in "ildeqtlate level oF desirability, kind coIi11)auIh)hc sales. Thic I)pr.we(lviIuic ifflpivr- living.Siihmarginal lands, the social scientistirgued, prevented iiicnts (lepelided upon their condition and icpl;iccnieiitusts. Whi Liriiieis fi-oiii a Ifording the best soil conseivation procedures, suchas unortgagesexcee(led appraised land vhues, ihe AAA .iskcd ilic Ili listing, tcrricing, and strip cropping. The lairners, whose continued Laud Bank arid other lending agencksto reuegoti.uc n)ortggr sI occupancy was not "socially desirable," paiticilarIy those on easily the owneis w(Mil(l receiveat least some equity. Upon atitliw i/u ion. itu bk)wIl soils in the Dust Bowl, were to be resettled on better lands else- appraiser negotiated a selling p11cc with the uwiwi. Cin s, I1(V(I I 1w- where. Ihosc who remained would be able to expand their operations less, charged that the federalgovernilient wis aItclii1)tliig i(u(I( by leasing the restored grasslands from the goverrin1eiit. lainiei-s into heaving the region and tliital)h)r.uisri S WtiLii(iIIleIuJii With a land-use policy lorrnilated, the next step was to begin acquisi- Fe(IeIl (>11 icials argued iii tuiril thit sill sales were vhtintui y iIRI tli.ii I tioti ol stihinaiginal bnds. In order to do so, government officials first appraisers were knowledgeable and capable ol Iiaiullirig thu t,tL Rlentihedproblem" areas in the Dust Bowt where wind erosion was hand. Moreover, F appraisers deteriiiiuicdt kiteltaiii lujds it severe. Next, they coiiipleted a preliminary study of the area which de piirchse area were worth more incrops tIburu iii gr;Iss, I hr lt(let iI tailed the ccoiioinic and social characteristics of the residents, identilied eriinieuit was riot intel-eslc(l in acjtuiriuig those IaII(iS. IiistcuI,I4C!) soil types, determined the area's best agricultural use, noted loca(opin- officials preferred (i the furuiiei-s toleIilIin uii the LuiI. Itz ion alft)LIt the project, and estrnated restoration costs. The prelirninaiv pioI>leii was, ofcoui-se, thitt i)tist I()wl latidswcie wou tli Lu . diiiii h)IJ11S also designated project boundaries. Wheti the Secretary oF Agri- times of drought arid severe winderosion thi;iui iii nuic-. ul iui inif cult tire a pproved the preliminary plans, agency funds became available above iiorniil pIecir)Itatlon.I uivariably, lIIi(Rwriru-s Ilupe(1t( for land I)tIrcllase. Officials then compiled records suchas the land- 1920s 11ices rat Iiei- t haui depressed l)tist howl vilui,iin lF wIicF's iiariic, legiI (ICS(III)tiOfl ol the tract, and nu)I.tgage, tax, atid lieu (olisiderable iitiinber of tra(is weic hot ol)IIIInl,.t ,i,. iI- lIIlorInaIi()II. LI1i)loyees at the regional ofh(cs n(oInmeI1(lc(l 51)Cc1tIC iii ( iniirioui (ouItIty, ( )kliliuii;i, %vhi'ic l..LI1(I%Vbl(i 11 I h1II 1)41 tracts ui lltrchase which they then mapped and aI)l)riise(l. Negotia- higher l)iiCeS or where schiuul huh1(1swcIc IicuiIyiID)b gt4I.)I,II (bus()F purchise begai, an(I the. government took options loi the makers instiuicte(h I)1IC(t iiiaiiagcis I() suihiiit l)1a11s lt)ItiI)I( gII(IILd land. 1J1011 lc(l('ral acce1)tauI&e, the option hecairic a land purchasecon- land l)h11(li1eS I} CX)IhI(IIi1g ihiel)r(,e(t II(I. oil i(Idk hijx-d rh;, rit. 'N hen t tie Attorney Gent;L's oil ce appc ved the ti ansacnon, it tOIaLU)n could pIU(eCd wiihouit delay iswcll jsl)ltVCIIi tlir J)IOJU( I senti voucher- 10 the Treasury I)cpartment wIii(h issued a check. Fi- lcis E.ViIkiris aiitl (cngc I. I Iuirc ,\ui. iiiIy'iI ilicI.tiiil 'i, I-cdei .iI'uiIii'c til A1i inistuuon o Stu.trgiii,d I .iuil,150; C. Wilkiin grain," (iS Depariitieuu (ii Agruiilttiic, Soil (JlIscivItunI Scu vi e. %I.11i, I.,iwien&c to W M. RuseII, 29 December 1936, LU-CO-4. Niiion,iI Ahies, Record lion 26, (Augiisi l9l2), 5-7,9-12. (,i oup II 4 (her ca icr .ttI in .anusc ripi ci tI urnhire troin Soi' Coiisei v.0 ion Service, I .ind 'LII. II.ituci 10 IC (ray,9 Auil 19:35. l.t-NM-5; WiIiuiunl I Iffiulu..\ii\ji.iI Auukiium tiles, Natioui.il Archives, Record Group ll4) (;ry, Social and Economic Im- is o the LanI Acquistuion Piograni." 7-8; A 6. RI.ck, Meinor.indtini fo.he Sciei.i I plciions, 267-69 RiIph F. Wilcox to James M. Guiy. 12 Auguc 1938, I.U-OK-21; Dc- of Agriculture, 7 April 1938 I.U-OK.21; A.(; Black. Meinorndum 11)1die Seciei.ry %ekqmen Plan for Souhein Ote ro County Lind Readjtitnient Project. ii4., I .U-CO-4; of Agriculture. %I August 1938. I .U-CO-4; Wteii, The Land 1/i1w,wu P,O,,'UIO, 7. Noi Wooten. The Imud U,1iva,on Program. 6; Mills Land Use Adjiistnierit Project, New Mexic4 G. Fuller to L. C. Gray. 18 October 1937, LU-CO-4: SouthernOtcro Coiiny I and 1s Proposil A--I. Fina Plan IS Miy 1935; I.IJ-NM-5; I..C. Griy to lion. BW. (',erhirt, 20 Adjustment I'roject. 20 February 1935, I.U-CO.4; New Mexic-q SLibmaiglihilI.,iiitl iiii June 1935, LU-NM-5; C. l Clayton. "Programof the Federal ('.overnment for the Pur- chase Project Proposal A-4, 10 june 1935, LIJ-NM-5; Petition from Otero(.iJunImu dic chase and Use ofSuhniarginal Land 'Journal of Farm Economu 17(Augu%c 1935)58. Agricultural Adjustment Administration, 2 April I935. LU-C()-4. 5(1 ( ;R l( .t URAl ii isi ()RV NI being pI.iccdiii jeopardy. ilie priVate lands interspersed inthe pur- diatdy to help hase .Ire;i could bepurchased later ifowners meet I Inincial obligatioiis (lurIngtlus f funds were avi,jable changed their minds and pression years. BLireiluicratic (lLhI-Lul(.Ij, I h In the meantime,privately held lands procedures, lU)Weve, (II gdiIized into soil were to be payment tor wore than uIdlIy ff(%-:lL('(l conservation districts, so the a year. I'liis lag I1aILlrlIIyf(st(i-((j I U ripi ()ccd LII es appropriate Conserva. tion with the oui Id be applied to both publicand private lands progi am. After 1938 with theIcitlili of ne;tI-t0i ItIII within the nc;i of the Cipuation, mole fa,-i,iers antI i u laud utilization project.' ra,iuliei-s hrgaii l)olng hR I.uud pw Imcal mci-chants alsocriticized the land chase program. Fliereturn ol adequate iai,il .iIl utilization projects. They the crops to (au.sc(l the gla id feaied that any loss ofresidents would irreparably grow and portendedplolitable ret urns nesscs. Still others objected damage their busi- their lands. With OII(e lg;iiII I ii:r to the federal land puiichase new vegetation llol(Iing thesoil dii Ii iig t 1w cause it wojld rum the program be. "blow months" the ei i Jy sjn tax base. In Morton County, land purchaseprogramheci,iie less ple, the neirly 107,000 Kansas, forexam- when the "black altractRc iIi,i acres purchased blizzards" hadswept across the laul(l only represente(I 20 percent of the earliei . I t;xalilc lail iii thecounty and 9 PerceIlt of the Nevertheless, as bugas the dust blew, taxable valuation. In jii irik'iuinIR' our ol tliI'e townshil)s involved in the "blow Ihliald"irea olthe Sotithier,i (ici land-use al-ca, thetax bases iliiiiq)f)(iI ((I iR i( tlii wcIe rc(lu(cd fioiii 2to 14 percent. One township govern uncut's IalId.Llscprogram.'0 lost 65percent of is In spite of these taxible acreage and 50percent of its tax base. In 1936 problems and o[)jecIlolis, (lie l.uil-usc were appi-oxinlately $7,000. revenue losses the Dust Bowl became J)I ii Iiii Two years later, federalpurchases on the a grand experiment for thefede,l govriIInu,u Nt,Iis project in New and particularly krthe Soil Conservation Mexico reduced thetax base tor the school district Sei-vke A soiltoilwi vILioi by 17 percent.Federal economists project on sucha large scale was expected future grazingrevenues to Lillprece(lent&.(l At firsi, lewpcupl' Lover Only 50 percent of thelost taxes. The land-use were certain about how bestto restore the wind-c, O(lc(1 LuI ( reduced the riced for pubhc projects, however, Both corrective and services and helpedconsolidate schools preventive soil erosionpIoceduI(. tk;i, I and close roads, thicrebyoftsetting some of the needed, but 110one was certai ii which techi the local tax losses incurred by While sonic soil I i(pies Wail hI wt uk I governments. Moreover, tax delinquencies conservdt ionlsts l)ellevc(l thelands shoI,l( I hc iluwcol l)LII(h.lsc areas that the were so high in the reseed naturally, t, irnmediaje Lax losswas not great. Eventually, no one knew how long theprocess would t,ikt'. li POIiLylflakers hoped, incomefrom the reestablished mates langed fiotwenty_five 10 torty woIl(l hriiig the grazing areas time the land had years depeiidiiig on tiic kiigiiit C(flIflhIs more revenue thami had been beemi cu It ivatedor grazed, i nnna I collected when the Proximity of Piccil )it IL lull.II taxes were pJi(l. lii 1937 theproblem of tax losses seed giasslauids all(lblowing fielil. ?li litle Ill o the BaIIkhlea(I_Jo,les was lessened when eve,; was needed, and time I, Farm l'enant Actrequii'ed the federal Soil ConservationSclv(e uuiiwsI II ili((I goveininent to retiir,i 25percent of the revenues technical prograiii10 stabihzc hlowing liils.'' lands 10 Ihe earned on project At first, the SCS listed cml,It,es for the nIaintelia,ice of the 'blow la,ids"SO tihil (I('cl) ltiij l)rovisoil iesened schools and roads. This catch as much soil opposition to the land and hold as muchnlojst(iIe as governmenty purchase program from local planted drought ossIl)Ie. l'hic S( :s tls resistant covercrops, suchs bla(k ltflI)eI c;iric ;iiul Some Dust Bowl sudan grass, to reducewind velodty landowners objectedto the land-useprogram, be- at ground levd lII(l thwrdy cause land sale payrnenls that moving soil. Usually,the SCS fiind that ll they had beenpromised were slow in it tice(Ic(l to list atI J)LIiitWI iul - arriving. Invariably, those eroded croplamidstwo or three times before who optioned landswa,ited payment imme- time soil stoppedtiio with the wind. Duringihis time, th (. BI.0 k, t'k:uoI,j,l(I(wI SCS hoped ihiatweeds Wtfll (I (ari F Iurmii lorthe SccretIyI AgIi "kiirc,7 April 193H, Ii.J.OK.21; quickly cover the land.IIl(ked, t lie key to C. I. Clayion IOjcine I93, ios tabihizing i lie .oiiIv;st Cray, 12 August 193$. I.tI-TX-23 R;alph E Wikoxin James L it with vegetit I.U.()K-21A. W. K. lo LC. Gray, n.d. ion of some solt. IiiI lie ahegicc of tht best Nlemorandtinl br the SecrelalyofAgriculiurc 1.U-CO.4 A.G, Black, ihc 31 August I93, l.U-CO-4. SCS utilized weeds,such as the Russian Cry, Social and Economic thistle to hokl the soillal htti lmpIIcaLlons," 266.272; Wooen. TheLand Utdjujtjo., h grain 23-25. ConiI(IenhIJI ReporiioM. M. Keisoon Effeciof1jgj ocal I'uil,Iic Fiiian Projeci I.U-NM-5,o e, Togeiher wu}i Analysis ol Local '°Gray, 'SOLIJI and htoii01111I Inplpca( uni,'' 264 -65; April I 93H. I U. NM .5, Seniirne,ii Perlaining Fhereio,8 Hauier, 5 Otiober I935 I) R W WIgIle, -Sn it iiI I I I CIyoii, "Program of ihe Ie(kIaI(overIlInerfl br i he Purchase I.U-NM.5; AIbiiirqJoruai8 Ociuher I9; io Re, .1 iul I w of Si1 In ii i g in.i I I .a,id,'62; Southern OLe NewP.fcx,(())24 A1m1 I'J3t1 Hunfli, fluc 'd (R. is i I ro Cou rity l.. ml Use A Ij i,si incru PrG. Bo/ 118; So,iit,1-, ()it,(.otlII I 1.11 Ir .i I A-3, I Jinu.i ry 1935, I Adjust men, Iroj 21) Fehriii y I 9:5, I - L -C( )-- I, New Mcx iciSiibmi rginal 193$, I'UX-2:I. .L -CO-4 ( ;Ic.ii 8rlgs in ( ( JlW PI(((I I'tO)thJJA-i,JO 1935, It .NM_r I liiiII,.- I),t HI) 152 A( ;R i( ui 1URA I. II 151 ORY NAI'l( )NAI. ( ;kAssl.A NI)S I 5) periiianentrarythaii stabilizationto let it staI)ilizatioul remain took barren time. by andplanting The exposed SCS native did to grasses thenot wind.give on majorStill, project even attention lands tempo- un- to reseedingatelyground covered levei met fromwithhod dida a (lisk drill not harrowptube. i'o(l LiceAlthough grew a tinnearly i forml)loa(jcasi plain seeds, ii as well as drilled seed, this sEa in I. No test iiiuiio-di- loi newtneiitstil the fences, earlysuch as1940s. lai(l fences cattle SCS and guards, employees, buildings and builtfrom however, farmthe acquired ponds. also removed Duringlands and the improve- erectedcourse thickenwere grazed and dcveIop hekte threeSCS grasslandyears to allow experts stitiicieiir applied limet hue for knowledge the grass gai lo I it'd I loin i I i'i i i of tleWorksproject Ill ftinds12 Progress development, Administration, ownersWhile the andPublic SCS relief Works worked workers Administration, to stabilize were lured the and soil,with Ti- it also began exl)criiulents endSCShadplots of 1941 beenenl1)loye('s to field Planted scale seeded onreseeding, the 2,500 Mmtoii acres, but Couuniy that but work proieui, proceeded l)uiriug slowly lIlt By , nearly t Ii ree years after reseeding hega ti, otul y P'isusteiil seed slmu i.Ig('s lOt- I .200 .0 it's next e,un,i lit' (tleu1tly,h&'(lareas.to (leterulline pi withliicparat the the beginning, theion aid metbest of statehods grass the experiment wereagency varieties most (lid suitable for stationsHOt reseeding know for the t which lieSCS the l)tist seedslandcommenced Bowl. i)urchase or Cunse- seed Elkhart,tuiednuahhy.veiute(l to theraise Kalh meetlisas.agency several its This seedfrom grass met iueeiuilgneeds hod, varieties however,toi its the alongiesee(ling Morton proved the Cotuiiryrailroad goal of righi-of-w;iyl0,00() t o slow, a in I )iOjt'i ;ucies i itsul II in'.tr (Ill- ;s thoses( ieiitists expellinents, i'ialexperimented they with learned seeding that bothsorghums, san(ly andmowed hard at lands.dant a height i iigsFrom atof selected sites to (heternhlne t lie best ted in iqiies. Soil cieiitpie,plies, niolstuul'e the the MortotiSCS prevented sottghi Cotuiuty grass stuC(essftll h)li)jet seed wherever received haivests. possible. blue Bc(a,is' lii 1911of hiiilji('(l gr;uin;u ,uiul , for 'x;u:ii Ituil I sup lb blue(overseedpendedtwelve grama, crops varieties. inches upon for sand newly germination,with loveTest seededthe grass,plots clippings ongrasses.side-oats natural the leftMorton reseeding,The grama,on theamount County ground,little planting of bltiestem,project seed provided methods, neededindicated and the sand de- best andthat obtainedacquiredgtassesseed supply fiont90,0001)1 Lie iioilliwest problem, potindsgranta Kansasfrom ofhowever, bhtue central aiid gr;uina was Kansas.eastern not from solved (oloiado.[hethe Mortonl5l;uiitview, until iwo1946, Coiuii yc;uis win-it l;iiei, tilt Sf it ;s 1 c,us ii eui y pit )je( I bluestemshortagesside-oats were grama, of the little most andl)ltiestein, suitablebuffalo sand grassvarieties bluesteni, were for bestsandy and for areas.side-oats hard Bluelands. grarna gi-ama, Serious dic- grasses,Thewittumn, SCS hi westeisuch that ail(h asis, nthe wheatcreste(lgrasses state glass wheatexl)eliment whtidt plovilug grass, extend tuestations western mostthe glazing heat-ialsowhat, see(le(l y.'' aseason n(I ( a "((0)1 it;uiiiio I rho' a5('.lslfll" wilt au- I i san(l(;alleta,I)ustbott,ite(l, loveIi Bowl. sandyhowever, forgrasses. Blueexaill1)he, and thatglaina, ha (;riss r(lmore were soilscrestedvarieties, than thebe composedwheat75best however, percent varieties grass, of ofdiffered western blue thehr eastern seeding graina, even wheat New withinburilixtures grass, flab, Mexico. the and andfor owneisuhatiouus.wotuldVi(lLi;il or be faimei-s i-esi(leiut le(htuiu-e(l Individual and fiimnersauu(h Tuetocattleuiieut abideapplicants SCS by intended SCS or hotoiaiicheis esi;uh)Iishe(l glazingglazing eveiittiahly whit) associations. ia owiit'(l ngeto lease utt.0 lIlt Itile &'.ts&'huldeuhivesm1 resuored k h)ermnirs were to he loud gi ,ussl,iiuds iu lot uuageillc'mhl ieL- (Ole ItO l ;rain drills with doul)lc (lisk furrow.cl gt' S AissOpeners tioti, planted the seeds about deep. Sonic grass see(ls were broadcast; c hat is, dropped at I Iistt,i y (d the (iiiiai i out N,ui ioii,tI ( ;Iassiaild ( IJupoldislued noun- theprovi(he(fwhich au-ca they Fedeualthte intended nteinhei-s officials, to were gra/ein constultat eiig.iged (;i-ti ioniii iall(-hliilgor wit it the gra/imhg h;uiiuiuug OF ass(lCi;utiouls ;ulsu tutuhul .uppbs ;isso(laiu)mis, iii ui uc.un RangeNewos 19-12):rupi Mexfto Managementiii the 16 possessionRanges,' Edward 6 6 (FebruaryNew Grest, ol the Mexico "Theaudio,, 1953): RangeAgricultural 1962), 45; StoryD. 6 A. -7;J.O. Savage,ofExperiment the Bridges, Land "Grass Ulihization Station "Reseeding Culture Bulletin PiOjecls,"Journalof and Practices Range 29! (April liii.for grazedwould on chetei-itii project nelands, t"Atwood hue l'hose type "Ilistui awhmo ml y nimot theleased tither Cimarrun ofthe livestock grasslandsNational whichCrassljuu(ls," (ouI(l 7 -. 10, 12 13; (OiliSu iuhges. Id bc ion NM.5;(urotla, C. 49! E (FebruaryCiayion, Memorandum 1939). 4-5; f. of H. FrankJ. Hauler Ilopkiiis,in W.W. 10Alexander, December 3OJune 1938, l.U-KA-2l1937, LU. in the Ceniral and Souihei-n Greai Plains," U.S Depariment of Agriculture, "ReseedingRange Improvement," Practicesonsei vation br New 6.ol SoilII, Mexico 13. Mo See st Ranges,"uure also lilt MM. he 22,Great Hoover, 27, i'lain 29; "Nativeand Savage, Westem and "Grass Adaptiven Stiocs,'' Culuuie (I(;ras's S. andI )ep.0 l,ur ututi (110 - - Iju'((.It base hi,ISrigsi Plans mn.uiu ke1oesi, iol)usisum, Norman u (I- Mills (:l.uyut>ri, 19:Th- Fuillei; land 19-il t)e 2lb April AprilAdjustment 1938, 1939, Ain;urillo ltJ.KA-21 I'tojcci, Regional OIl ice Rcuwds of the Pro. Conservation t.and Acquisition Project Addiiional Pur- I October 1937, l.t J-NM.5; Alan F. Ranges,"lureAgriculi and iii R.uuuge9-1. e, !'.i,-,,u'u 30 luuuptovt'uiieoi,"''Atutood, 31$:''Ihusiuly oh ilut' (,uuui,irouuu Naiio,i,uI (u;usshuuutl'' 11-17, S.it.ugu'. '( flu/It-I,,, !1s12 (frI mutual y 1939) IStidges, ''Reseeding l'taui,tt's liii- New M,u, o .u,,s ( iii A( .k i(.t II. It JRAII I 1311 )kV NAIION-; (;kssI.,Nl)s ci cct corrals or limit the grazingareas by placilig salt iiear serv,itmoll pi.ictices possible aiid w.itci holes. Individual livestockinen llelp (JiscoLli;mge'sI)c tll.ilIvc ltI,si,' ol or grazing associations also were the land by nonresi(lents' icsl)oulsiI)le for the maintenance of fences and ponds.By 1943 the Mor- The greatest problem, hlowe'em; of the land- use ;idjtisl iiielit put tp' toil ( oumlty project, br example, had sufficientpi-ecipitation and new the Dust Bowl involved I iii gi iss to eiiabk the SCS to giant local cattlemen permits. the resett lenientpmogrammi. ()rigiii;mlly, poJt( The following makers had intended - ycam-, the Morton Cotirity Grazing Association to relocate lanimlies elsewhereiii was organized to rent the homestead corn munitmes," 5uiI)sist(-uuit- grasslan(ls lou ii portion of the I .andow tierson tl ie Mom-to, (oLiil I) year. Some federal officials hoped that in 1)1 - for example, wereto be mesettle(l on the Mississjj)1)i 'l line I hew lC,IsCs would pay for theproiects. i'Jiey estiiiiated that the (lelma. Millspu opt i lam-wet-s wet-c to berelocated on Ilie Storm ie Mills i)ilt(t 5'01i1(l h SelflUtii(latiiIgin loilliccil yciIs. while lands in pmoje I iu&-;im- las 'tg.i, N-- Mexico, or omm the N-hm(l(lleRio Cm aii(le Commt'm-v;uiut (ourity on t lie Sotit lieastern Coloradoproject would u'eturn a Gramlde Valley. Later y Pm iii il,- R,, IHol iiill ten to filteemi years! plans (alle(l for theirmesettjeii,(.rlt Oiu stilt- Ii)tl near Los Lunas or in the Fom-t Iiii etios1>ect, the federal land-use adjustment Stiinmler I ruigat ion Dist rittin New ltxu pmojects iii tile Dust Frequent hanges in Bowl (11(1 not involve the l)rocednre, lack of (learly (li-imed objcct j yes, tk-!.t permanent removal of land from agriculture. in optionmng amid Rat lici; tile projects fostered paying fom- laud, amidiil;m(le(1tilte fuimids amid a change or readjustment in agricultureon reset tlenilent plagued tile ;tit-,is ho resctt lemmlenmt pi-ograin. Ad lit those lands fromcrop prodtiction and exploitative grazing ion;mlly, t 'I lIe to controlled were willing to sell their lands I awl to resem the wheni hey thu Ilvestock-raisingand sound rangemanagement practices. Certainly, the where t hey wotmld be sin, kiu 'w sent or how their relocationworm Id he I tiia lh(- I federal government never intendedto remove all Dust Bowl land from resLmlt, Few I)tmsi Bowl . ILl Itivatmomi. hmrmners chose toresett he on ol hem- fr1&-i ;il Lu 1 hat task would have been imnpm-acticalgiven tile Iegiomm's set- instead used their ut l .uu ticilient and climatic and soil characteristics, and mmloney eithmem- to mml()ve to mmc;mm-bylOWlis oi ii) i (('t.il,Iuhu because the thieniselveson Lmrmmls of tlleirowml chmoosimlg Asa llmiii);jm)ji;), i;izi piogu temoval of larger land blocks would have beena Financial impossibility. desigmied to isis, inmprove the stan(lard of livingaimmomlg those who sold iI-ss ILiri(hing was always less than had beenre1Llested or needed, and projects lamids by melocimling diem omm better Lmmimis,the mesl-ttl(-iuk-iil iisti.illy were ms-dtired inscope due to monetary shortages. Reseeding pumuuosi 1 ul- land Iitihmzatmomlpmogm-aiii was a lmilLmm C'7 sollict lilies stopped altogether as Rindswere exhausted. In addition, (IC- Nevem-thieless the l,lilrimeof the l(-sctthemji(m), vClol)iilcrlt work coiitmntiahly tagged because p0fi.isis ii.ssin payments lomol)tione(l lands qnciltmal for tile Dust Bowl.Most ol tIme ownems who took t line to pm ocss. heqtientlyoptions expired and aLithiorities did not solih then l.iun IsIces e not mesi(lemlt tam-mllem-sstmrmgglirig to gmow liive the power to lemlew them. Moreover, cm-ops Oil too l(-w .51('5 the emergency mehief legislation, dnoLmgllt- stricken l;mml(l. Iii .1 winch financed the lmi(lec(l. fmmml J;mmmiiam-y1938 Ihilnuighi Jniic prior to the Bankhead-Jones FarmTenant tile fèdemal Pill, govem-nmemit l)Lmrchased only I,827 I racts totaling 58l Act, mandated hiring the unemployed.The SCS, however, intended acres in the sotmtllem-ml Great ,6ll, to Plains, nmost of wli id emll)loy resident operators bothto speed the work and also to streamline Those lailds mncludetl i were im it lie I )u isi hi iwl 249,268 acm-esmu cmoplail(l and 331.128 the bureaucracy involved. Landownershad thleirown teams, tractors, and .0 cs ill rangeland br 42.9 and 57.1per(:emit of the total area grain (frills; relief workers did not. This necessitatedthe ac1tmisition of m eshft-cm ilt-ly ( )uI. exl)emlsive e(ILiII)mllemlt from other sources. PWA funds, liowevei; the Icdt'i.uI l'iiit lost' antIiluiii could be auiu0 ,il SIllnht.iIgJliI I .iiids --l Cr.my,"So(-ljI anti Econonum(-lnIplI(.iisi)ns" 26-4 -65; Niiiiisii spew only br heavy eiipinemit or br theconstruct iom m of dams. In addi- 25 May 1939, Ama, Ito ( liilk-i to Alit, Ilii kegitin.il kt-( (ti ds iiihit- I'rolt-i-iI'Liiit) tmomi, the administrative transfer of responsibility isioii, 1911,- I'I II - among five agencies RM. H ttt lion Jolsis A. Martin,31 January 936. lU-CO. lmiiidei-ed l)rt)je(t development. At best, tess Re1,oi-i, Mills Liis(l tJsc- I, Seiiii-\1.iiilily ilull-It l'IO4 the federal government hoped AtIjijsmiii&',ii Ii-ojecr 30 1936 I C Fuller io Alaim i-l'liiin,,mi t -NM- \,,.,,, lie land - use projects would show farmersand catt lenten t lie best soil l2Jiihi(' 1939, Amai ill,, Regional()ll,,- kt-i,,i ii', 1,1 con- Ject Mamis L)ivisio11,1936-1941; (;Ien Brulgesti)c. II lit- Ii,i Claymon, Maid lCi, 193$, It-tN-2l ''Wooten The Lan,-j L'i,1w4,,o,iProgran,, 22; New Mex 'kaiigc- iiI.IlI.igclllenm Man, Southern Otero Project,12 August l9'37. t.U- CO-4; Pro- Projecm Proposal A-4, lOjanuary co Sii liiiia i gitmal I a iid l'itu lii I)OSC(I Regulaitons In, the Administration of the Grading 1935, 11J.NM_5; FhoniasR Borland in C F (Ia1hIlt Lands Under Control of the May1936, t.U-NM.S; NormanC. t"ullermo PV. Cam-don, II Mill, I and Piujeci, Ca. AplIl, 1937, 1.U-NM-5Aiwood, Hisw:y of the Ciniarron Na- The Probitble Social Effects 23 April 1935, I.I,J.CO- 1; I.iii,iis mioiial (;rassIancI, ot Purchasing Submarginal 3-4 -35; Mills, Land Use Adjustment Project CoiidiiionsJustifying the 24.148 lam hI it-s who sold their land," 516 Only 1$t Iout 9111 si I inn i,l die la id Ia iids tiat Ionw idewere resettled no Ie(lerJl 1.1111 Is dl 1(1 mIte Execiii ii,ii of the Develo1)menL l'ru1,osal, IS Se1)teniber for that purpose. See Wiinten, The Iji,,,! (Itthazuu, I"ugicuu, jSiilil)Ieiiiciil Soot I tea stern Ci,loradc, I aiid Ut that ion and I an(I Consei-s-aijon Pro- resettleineisi problems for mum-- Mills 20-2) - F,r ;i hi idJ .1 J. ( I)roie(-t Lsrint-rs, see I'aiLI.Biflit;fht-I1l Colorado). 17 March I 9'3, I U-CO.22 (Albuqtiei qoc: tJnh%em-smmy of iI u-I New Mexico Pu ess, 1979),151)-SI I 56 r ;iiI( : it LJRAI II IS1ORY NAF)ONAI. (;RAssINI)s cllase(I8:3.1abapeli_C1IL29 ild(nIc(I." acreage,percent wcrc unoccupied. Rcsidciual)all(li)lle(lwhile enauts owners iuidClearly. occupied 21.7 occupied percentthe 10SCS percent onlycLissif did not6.7 lcIclIIicdol forcepercentthe us oltracts"purtiaIIy a iliose host of leaving the LiiI(l5of i(lle land-ptIr- or were iii tise at the [line ol 1)uicIlasC, while 19 CSIin"mtultipk widIikaddition Seivicc refuges,Use'' to was grazing of 10 thesotiices ciisiiit laud. lands. a olAs mineralAbove a icstili, all,wealth, ihc N;iiional sIIsIauIlc(I yield and 1iihIi UI III( (;I,II.jIJ(j., (U( .1',gi iw u-uIc.Itiun .iu.i lI $3.12amount,puichasedow ners per offcn)j)Iands acre. theirby mid-1941 With farms. were subsurface Moreover, va'uedhad been rightsat the $3.44 appraised 581,696 included, per acre acres atthe and$1,892,251. uppraisedwhich grazug the SCSvaluekinds Of hadthat av-aL statenotlands planningalways in the grecri Dustand nor soil Bowl the conservation sky always blLlc.20 (luring serve as a landmark to a gIc;it CXpCrIInCIII howcvei the NtiiaI (i a i iine wlicii the grass III i eraged1)are(lI)iis IveIage(ligc$3.72 10Bowl assess((l pertdll(lowllers 113 acre. value per Akhough icle per wele belowacre. the the On onlythe price the a1)praised ones other per to acre land receive vaIueK waslILiiuLat lowuuiorc IOUwhen than projetts, Corn- the aver-l)1CeS 'iliiatioiis based on use (hiring tunes ol iior,iial I)ieCuI)itatR)fl, ageucyiug,Id 1940s.urn lurrowing, were ol iiearEven instru stripimriiial so, uneinal thecropping, prcclpitatiollworkUhiiii;iicly, in helping olthe and artiFicialSCStothe (luringstabilize Soil was Conservationresee(Iuuug theiiriorLau1t. the late most 1930s severely Iheactivities Service listing, a n(l wind- ofachievedeii-ly terrac- the Success with ihe erodedato iid condu( pI areas. 1)erworkcntially experiments Moreover, hazardous associated governmentfree sands wi fronu[he iind-(lsc offered the ownership host soill)rjects of conservationistsagreements, of were wind-eroded riot ilieregulations, thepanacea or p0-opportunity capable of solving all of i private landow nersh ip. windtoI)eilthe programthe iegional,social erosion efloris s( iii economic, ollentandilie ilie I)ust isisrestoiing SCS hadRowl, social, and hoped. a however, othersound and As governmentaleroSiOi agriculniral part (he ol land-use a broad base agencies projectssoil iu theconservation in southerncontributed haiLing l)iol)Iems that many New L (loll(iou ziiid laud-use;ic.It Haiiis. on loth Iii a(I(litioll, lèderal theand land-use privateol landsprolecLs, Soil coulservationIUowing together the with(lustricts, the crea- helped to ensure the best conserva- e- coilselvatcai-ly(ii in )950s, ol iou iioriiia work when I)rccip1t1t1on oii jurisdiction t lie [)ustEic Bowl tobr SCS tthe lie laud I)lcouitinued ust utilization Bowl. its projects reseeding, until grazing the management, iiid oilier lects once again cia nged. On 2 tokrredNoveuiiber the theForest land 1953. Service. utilization Lzra Effective Tall projects 1enson, 4 Jmntiamy Irom Secretary. the 1954, Soil theConservut ol Agriculture,mandate ion of Servicethe trans- For- iizeOffice, Ironi Soil Chile (oiisc to rtl4erI.mrn(IIIIII vatlontime hecaue Sc ivice. (>1ol Washington. kind the Sectexchangc eai I )( biween lilt y ut Aguictilitit . No 1:420, 2 Nu CIIIl)(T [lie Nit U Iii I C 1.1 ss I i I53. I Iii. I ti 1 fl luiiIW ttk I'I,iii ins di SLIthuIi ul OieioCotuiiy I..tiid AI1usiileIi(i. Ihe i rit aver.tge(l 318.39 acie. 1c t uui e, "A ri A i.iysis ot the I ..tud A,ii ui I' JIll) 2:4. i9:5, t.LJ.CO--l. igi Suit." 20. 21 -26, the418,887;Cimarrontemberprivate Naijonal 1983, owiirsS-31, h>rest the to 108,337; System, acreagesIaciliia,e .isKiowa blocking brol Scptenibeihe 136,412;ancj Dust aIl(I Bowlrange 30, 19W2.' RitaNuional mri.igerncni Blanca , .i, 15,51-52 US I)c,.iri Inent UI Ai (ILk ti rasijndsiInpl(!HHflI92,989. were: Sec"LjJ A UI 30 Arc.is iiikkr.iI guu (1 I IIriJlI .111(1 APPENDIX E 1.7 73 ,4needag, January 6, 1954 .... FEDERAL RGISTER .:2t9 the CoS3tOU ltae for C mInoroJiCt1 hetalledtrOS daff.nfta potat or potnon the ptosct Is' e)ActlOfl 0". Thi3e wstet-vhtI CalmcIly of 100 bOTSCP0WST oe bo1fldar7 whieb polt Of potAts ore be ldee- scup the pp lIon 1o1 iris. smeP. 011421.Aed se hIbIt K. Show- Uffed on the !tOUng. to establisbSd CODCTS ithin thiY days slIt'. it tsniect. such 0g the porttoo 01 the enSrn de..topee. the01 thJ pUbI&C 1a4 aur,ry or to a &DPIIC&t100 sh,J.1 be deeaed to have beenl0cIf4O p?OjtC% WOfkJ t6&I. rnonueDt or oitor oea reeogistb1S ob)sc lfl HPa if tbe lied I& tn*'eyed reacrvouu. v..--. ------_-- - a. deriled. ecce,. roeda.---- and tranimiliton linis). and (4)If the ptojsct affects unew'eeyed Go.. 0- ..i..a tO rhanfe "euadrupiicate" In .rka sa nnt lands, the pc$ff Of tobtp ------_. - -" - _,.;Sealu C and seCtiOS Unis thakL be eown; SUCh WO- of f4t ParaffraPh to 1. tm)t.d by a pro).ct boundary, .d indiCat-tractiohi. wbece'el a.silable. to be thbe 't- Mao deleto the sentenceresd-inZ 1,Stste.County mvflGLSa.township. ahall be certified In accordancerange. iedUOO end the eWttIC$1 legal lOb.recognIzed by the g.ncy o tbSTZllliSd &.W$ rEst oavie 'as 131.4 dirIsion or numbered lot or tract Wi copies" tOihafl thosE the owersfliP. wo.ther Go?- (5) Theap shall bear the following C*?'- on In 1 460 dmnge three efmvot or prie1e. for each puce! of land tlffcete . read'fl'COPl'- anected by the project.'rhe map shall also"ThIS map 15 a part of th. sppucatiea tee In4.'ZO cbsnge "quadruplicate" IAdICCtC Whether or riot the affected 00.-a Uoens. mzdt by ue undersIgnedthI. the hrat sx&graph to read"teatupte' eroment isOd Is IAclgdSd Its anyrc1Cr?tt0l% - O.ay of s such as a o.sttOOal foteat. Indian t'r'atloS1. reid "sextuple". And change 'the Corn- (ejn. of splicant) tO '.*&dthiS Ezhtbt K spiall conform tti the follo.tnt missions TUIU spcclGcstaofli arid shall show to. following 11. Ia 9 131.10 delet. the parenUtet- ded 6. In 9 131.2 delete tIlepSl'enthetlCsl lea! instruction indicats* the number InstructiOnndtcatlnC the number ofintermauon' of coroes to be filed.Change the pseert. t 5. Charsife Item 9 in the (I) Thw eehlbtt sh41 be art Ik drawing on Uce tsnOlCS to be filed. - linen, notsailcr Uan C inchet DytheUcal instruction jnøld*d In IItU% I tru!n-'------tea set out in the section to rests as 10.4Inebti. sccompsAed by fourç,VtfltC of - the - lot-rn set out in the scctsOfl 10110W5 thereof drawn to in approprIate ICSIC OS read: thLS ToeproposedInIttilenduttsmateinch tq'seie not more tralO 1,000 feet. (Rere live a cOnciSeetierS1 dCacrIpIi' schemC of devrloPmcnt for Ite p:oiect 11 at 12i the pf'OleCt boundary tIiI.i1 DO 'stated if (or each raclLty and hOsE0 ott theof the project ma toe proposed scheme stO fOIlOWa (See41'J (hI I The :umter of (ret on pich .10. ofdevelopment lucludilig ian estimate ol 'P i'sata,led pocitI iu4 the average enr ted '7 hi 1 131 3 delete the parer.thetc3 tbc i,'ssveG c:,ter n:ie" of 'Illo'tdUit5. om- indicating the number o ruid. potettlioUw unit. tSifzsce aj'dtraits-output I ji'ssts'uctiOfl Tho copies to be flied LIIStbalil t ieiit 10 foot 12a10 I 131 20 change the WO' 131 5 delete the paer.thctcald,iI.,.cet of tiproloct no'tneiiy from 1.e ortli S In not DC IdOritica.! oil"authorized the giving of' in item' t. Instruction zdiCat!0! the number(it:ut%'cy center met eli of the form to read "give ChngC item 3 in theboth tidel ci (ha center lints 01 tbc sIfuc. in item ;tlOn tobefiled t.:eo ,,ir too pnits vi the projeCt md. IDChan2e the woi'u.s" approval of" rortu act out in the section toread ?I'se vIcliitY of the pc.wetb011e. they ahail be'7) of the form to read "approval to'. The transrrilaalQfl lintiit Ctrr7 phout .i?Ie "W(tb to 5.1105't least 10 f.:et on tichIn footnOte 5 to this 'ectiOfl change the ';of kwh of liydrolertfiL eOVy i' .,, ,,,,j,- v,,weroou to iaCltiOC..11 second sentence to read: sycrage water Yit f'i'tC1 - trcmpIurte!lSlltprojc'.tsu.otu:CS. Uccuat lie pointf Or chaflhlS In ofl,et.'s with pvirtti of ithe Comi5,tofl acts facofably unon tne source of Supply, to offot trethe appltc3ti'fl". it will 15505 to thCappll- the deliveryand kelt Of ;tGn.ptue'tch5ns tfsould be dctlflittIY dctersbtd oA transfer of Ui. energy in the sametbc OtP-ttdirac' me rro,ect I,ouzidizy 1nctDCifl'(tieciirttt an iwdOr approvuig the cxa3- The pij.ct energy so.! be ustu lotdam .liiU reier"olr thould I,. a so lInelicCilso. 'owe'. tion. wr.icb Ito. the following purpores. . i4 In the ,ame footnote S deletefrom tober thaIt be 1101 iSis than O ett liori.Qflt&L In131 6 delete the third sentencemeaauremOflt !ro the cOOS sod irom to.the filth sentence, begsnxurg with the word "TJiileao" in the axis ott th. 40WT%stfe*X0 side of the dam 500 pro- latiOfl$ ipao.y- isedto NOTICES Tantect bYth DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Act. 1$ Treasury decisions. eoUectors ofcUstOnIS DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURYahall prohibit. under theprovinons of O!ce of the S.attary 5 (hI secUon 307. TarIff Act of1930. the In's- Act. as Bureauf Cu,toms pott&tlOfl of furflltUZe wholly or IDchief AhAlasea 711 0. IT. 0. 534051 value of wood manufactured Inthe Stats *smaTAhSCEpag,riesaEtOW SWI subtt penitentialy at Ciudad Victoria. Tamsu- XiZs.1STT& CO,(TAea Wash- Pparrvsa nov CloneD YlcIoslA. CtI?ITWAVOR OF GOUI'&' TA1'A0t3tA3. MzC0 lipas.MeitIco.unhiCatheimporter ge eaOCCXZ LIlA IanuarY establlSbe.' by aUsfCtO'.Y evidence. as ientslB covIcr hAlOS G0 PUYSUISII to theuth0ti delegated ots pro- prov'sdSd for In 9912.42 to 12.46. Inclusive.to me by the AdmU1)StctOrof the Fed. Upon evidenbe presented to me. I tad.of the Customs RegulatiOns,that the tr$ttOfl (1$ t In th Pusluant to the prOVIfftO0* of 9 12.42 of teat Civil Dekoae Adpurposes of see- the Custome RegulatIOns (19 CFR 12.42).merchandise was not manufacturedF. R 4609) and foe th ou wtU whoUy or in part by convictlabor. thin 2 (d) of PublicLaW 38, 8111 Con- a before Promulgated u's accordance with the au- gress. as amendedby public Law 115, .dments. thoTity contained In sectIon 307. TarIff (sass) C. A. *ZCL fOUo'Wifl8 1AdlUon*1 t' 834 cougrees. the be tIed Act of 1930 (19 U. 6. C. 1307). that con- Acting CoinmihsiOflff? of Customs. CoufltieS are determineds of Deoem- "Ct labor s used wh011y or in pert. in approved: December 28. 1953. be'. 16. 1953. to be in the areaaffected the manufacture of furniture whoUY or OCCaSlOfled by 'pg. " li chIef value of wood inthé tate pent- H. CEePsAN Ro. by the malOr dimete? Prtdffflt on etarV. t103557 st Cludad Victoria, Tamaull- Acezng Secretary of the Trcasiill(.drutight determined bY the -. 125.1. Mezico. November' 26, 1933. parsuantto Public h (c) a.$ R. Doe. b4-49.Piled. Jan.1.18S :. AeOOTethgly, on and after the date of L Law 81. alit Congress: 'k&tiOfl of thIs nndiflg In the WttkIY 5.49 a. m.3 ro'r(4L P.02 FEDERAL REGISTER 2954 responsibiUty undersuch poll. cd,e.sday,Januarg 6, j. The as may - Commissioners on anyjoint commission-des,princlples,"and procedures,with ths--- Government ofMexico set up in cooperation The followingresearch programs:for-with the be established Service forconduct- utilization (except under suchProgrant. appor-SoilConservation and fcc. production and research requests for and investigations -- research.Including Approval of out-ing surveys undet I estry) Research andMar- for emergency carrying outpreventive measures 1 of the seq.);tiopment of reserves diseases. demonstration pie- under Titleof 1946 (7 U.S. C. 427 et breaks of insectpests and plant the smallwatershed Protection In - keting Act costs, land eco- Determination ofemergencies in for Watershed management and pro- of footgram (item of AgricultureApple- $ farm agricultural finance; connection withthe eradication the Department national nomics, and labor, ordinarily disease and othercontagiouspriatlon Act,1954) on all aspects of farm prob-and mouth and poultry. other landsIn the desig- ductiOn farm management diseases of animals Officer.forests and administered bythe 9ssociated conservation,with exceptthe na- to the Judicial watersheds adjacent to lems; soil and controlof b. Reservations pursuant tonated range areas survey; grass, Fusal action Inproceedings -Forest Service, such waterah tional soil rangemanagementsections 7 and8 of theAdministrativethe nationalforests In semis undesirable plants; in this except ordersin rule- inconjunction with (except asotherwise assigned Procedure Act, under theHogand used other forestlands within ginning and process-making proceedings Marketingforests, and document)section cotton 7' (b) ofthe Strategic and Virus watersheds. jog; under Piling ActCholera Serum such Reserva- and CriticalMaterials StockHousing ActAgreement Act. &zc. 301.ReservatIonsa,(1) Theauthur. (SO U. S. C.9Sf); under the FORZST SsRvlce tions to theSecretary.regulations relat- (42 U.S.C.1471 et seq.). rules and of 1949 inspec- ASS1GNT OFFU1ICTIONS ity to issuenational forestsand other The research,investigations, functions.ing to the national forest experimentations,demonstrations. Assignment of administered for under tions. work, serviceand regula- Szc. 300. assignment offunctionslands lands administered development eradicationThe following purposes, to Pares and control and and made to theForest Service: Title Ill oftheBanithead-Jonesunder tory work,plant andanimal pests Is hereby leadership inforest and and to theprograms of insects, heading Over-all development.,Tenant Act,the FederalHighway Act. diseases providedfor under the forest rangeconservation, and else- section 23 of of the Administration' (As used here The authorityas a member Agricultural ResearchAgriculture Ap-and utilization.Document theterm "for- ReservationCommIon in theDepartment of forestwhere in this and brush cov-National Forest propriation Actof 1954 (except includeoocilands. areas.)(16 U. S.C.513). diseases andresearch on off-est" in mountainous The makingofrecommendatIonsthe pests and transportation andstor-ered wild lands management and President withrespect to farm handling, products, including The protection, foreststo the to the proi'I- agrcu1tura1 ofadministration ofthe national transfer oflands pursuant 33 of age of insect infestations acquired for orbeing adnain- subsection (C)of sectionFares investigations ofproducts), andinspec-and lands national for-sions of Bankhead-Jouea off-farm stored and stand- istez'ed inconnection with Title 111of the 1011 (a)). certification service, Tenant Act(7 U. S. C. tion andincidental thereto,for foodsest purposes.following researchprograms: The makingofrecommenditicissof ardization carnivora. c, The rangemanagement President forthe establishing for dogs,cats, and otherthe FederalIn- forest management; integratedto the thereof under Administration of ranges andadjacent, or parts of . - and RodenticideAc on forest forest fire control;for-national forestsof section 9of the Act 1 secticide. Fungicide nonforest lands; watershedthe provisions 655). 135-135k). and utilization; June 7, 1924(43 Stat.- (7 U. S. C. of paymentsto States,eat productionother forestand forest Final approvalof regulations The program under theprotection and forest resources - (5) Soil Consers'stlofl, Puerto Rico influences; and under section4 of the (16 U. S. C.. Territories, andMarch 2, 1887and supple-range Ailotment Act Hatch Act of and economics, in the- andDomestic stores. related acts, andpayments The programsof cooperation to navalsubmission to' .7. mental and under sec- conservation.590d) relatingapproval and Experiment Stations protection,development, forest (6) FInal results ofprelimi- a- to State of theAgricultural Market- utilization of of the reports 1.. tion 204 (b) (b)). management and otherwiseassignedthe Congress and survey ingActof 1946(7U. S.C. 1623 resources,except as naryexaminations Act of 1921,as - I.t- adioation offoot-and-mouth and document. Flood Control fl-s p.nlmp.Is andIn this and pestresearch,under the supplemented. other contagiousdiseases of Forest disease amended andof-requests forappor- eradication. the. ('1) Approval Forest ;ia: " poultry. Serum and VirusMar- control, and section 23 of reservesunder the Hog Cholera C, 851- Programs underAct (23 U.S.C.23, 23a),tionment of .&u- Act (7 U. S. 'ederal Highway Act. any keting Agreement conservation programPest Control EzavaCa the Naval stores the Soil Son. CO1!5Z*VAflOIS tion 855).Ainh1nitration ofTitle flI of authorized bysections 7-17-of ent Marketing Act (7U. S. C.' DomesticAllotment ASSIGSflaNT 01FVNCflO$$ Researth and Conservation and Iuacfloe& Uect I Act (16 U.S.C.590g-590q).management and Assignment of -ded 1628-1629), functions on be- The protection. - Sec. 400. assignment offunctions this L AUadministrativerelating to the under TitleIII of theThe following 8011 Conservation pent hail of the Secretaryadminl4ratiozi of patent'administrationFarm TenantAct (7Is herebymade to the acquisition and Bankhead-Jones the freg- 1010-1012), oflands under Service:responsibilitY ofacting as the the rights. U. 8. C. thisDepartment in- The agency Inthe field of Reserva-administration of lands undertechnical service flood 1- Sec.201.Reservationsa. actioncluding thecustodianshIp of conservation and tions to the Secretary.(1) Final and localagencies. soil andwater under the HogCholeraloan to States such poli-prevention. the programsfor on regulations Agreement 1. Theresponsibility under as may Administration of Serum and VirusMarketing of the and procedures conservation.Including requiring approval cies, principles,in cooperationwith thesoil andwater 1938 (18 U.5, Act, previously be established Service for themakingthe Act ofApril 21, President. amendment, tez'ml-Soil Conservation sur- except asotherwise The issuance, examinations and 590a,-f)national soil survey. of anymarketingofpreliminary works of im-and the responsibility for a natioei or suspension provisionveys, theinstallation of Control Act agreement ororder or any the Flood GeneralFlood ControlAct of 1 provement underamended andsupplemented,tration of the supplemented, and thereof. members of advis-of 1936 as data, necessarytoas amendedand Designation of of theand thecollection of river.administration ofactivities in ory committeesunder Title III of comprehensive river basininvestigat1 Marketing Act(7 U.S. C.the preparationall nationalforests andtion with with Research and basin reports, on watershed orbasinpreparation ofrepucta thereon, h activi- 1628-1629), to the measureother landsIn the Service,recognition oftherespoemlbliltles " the Forest - - 2in DeterminatIon as withadnilnistered by .. all such oL cooperation adjacent tothe nationalwise assigned. the acts and character- and MouthDiseaserange areaswatershed orbasin and dAdmlnlstt$tlOU of mplated, Mexico In the Foot of the actforests in the with suchforests, conservatIon and eta or neram Pursuantto section- - 1 -, ''MconjUnotion- _I.1 water-- to water - I 74 NOTICES ALABAMA Spoflsibility of each agency, to consultto the Fayette. Marion. and cooperate with other Departmen ccretary In charge Lamar. Winston. ttural Credit to whom is assign.. agencies when its activities relate to, al--eral direction arid Supervisio"j Done this 31st day of December 1953.feet. or are affected by the worko these agencies and to see that its policies, agency, direct and supervise tháactivi.. (SEAL) pro-ties of the employees of his TRtTE 11 MORSE, grams, and operations are coordinatedSubject to any reservation 0futhorityagency Acting Secretary of Agriculture. with theirs, to the end that theDepart- IF.H. Doc. 64-87:FlIed, Jan. mcnt operates with maximum contained in the assignment of functions 8:51 a. m.l 5, ia; unity andto ins 1nd1vt4ul agency, OOth.j,0 effectiveness. reserved in the Administrative itguIa c. Res)onsibility for efficient opera-tions, the head of any agency is tion.Agency heads, havina broadau-delegated authority to take anyhereby thority to carry on the functions oftheirIncluding the authority to action, Acmcy HEADS ET AL. agencies, are responsible for seeing that execute any document, authorize anyexpenditure DELEGATIONS Or AurHOrry AND the work of their agencies isefficientlyand promulgate any rule, ASSIGNMENT 0? FUNCTIONS administered and that the public ob-order or instruction, required reguionby tains the fullest possible benefitfor thedeemed by him to be law u SECTION 100. Authority, The delega-funds expended. Toaccomplish these neceuaran tions in thi document are madepuisu-objectives and to insure that proper to the discharge of thefunctions the maxi- assigned to his agency.The head of an" ant to authority vested in the Secretarymum possible improvements in programssuch agency ma', consistent of Agriculture by section 161, Revisedand operations are achieved,agency with and Statutes (5 U. S. C. 22) and Reorganiza-heads should see that periodic witll due rcard to his personalresponsi. tion Plan No. 2 of 1953, as well reviewsbility for the proper dischargeof th as allare conducted as required by Executivefunctions assigned to his agency, other statutes and prior ReorganizationOrder 10072 and 5 U. S. C. 1151. dele- Plans vesting authority in theSecretary gate and provide for the redc1ega o of Agriculture with regard to the ORGANXZATION Or TIlE DEPARTINT his authority to appropriate func- employees. omcers and tions of the Department ofAgriculture. SEC. 109. Service agencies. The Reservations of authorityto Serv-the Secretary are subject tothe provi- SEC. 101. General purpose. Thepur- Ice agencies of the Department ofAgri-sions otherwise made for the pose of this document is to provide culture are grouped as follows: authority as of the Under Secretary andAssistant nearly as may be a general andconcise a. Federal-States relations: Secretaries. authority wider which the agenciesor Agricultural Researcll Service. this Department are vested withauthor- Forest Service. PRIOR AUEORI5v( ities adequate to the dischargeof their Soil ConservatIon Service. SEc. 120. Status of prior authoriza- responsibilities.As a resultor Federal Extension Service. tions and delegations. the AgriculturConservation Program Service. All delegation.. terms of Reorgas.zatjon Plan No.2 or Farmer Cooperative Service. and authorizations of the Secretaryat. 1953, the Secretary ofAgriculture is fecting the subject matter of this enabled to provide the subordinate Marketing and Foreign docu. of- Agriculture:ment or In conflict with the provision$ ficers and units of the Departmentwith Agricultuiaj Marketing Service. of Section 116 are hereby resci -. such delegatzo and assignmenas he FOreign Agriculcurnj Service. cept where reserved or othe finds are necessary or desirableIn rela- Commodity Excbange Authority. tion to the functions performed, pressiy recognized by referent document.However, any re on, AgricWtura Stabilization: order, authorization, or similar irzis. SEc. 102. Relation to Office of theSec- Commodity Stabilization Service (includ- retary. No delegationor authorization ng Commolilty Credit Corporation functionsment, heretofore Issued by theSecreta.jy prescribed In this document shallpre- sslgnedin accordance with Commodityshall remain in full force and effect,eix. clude the Secretary fromexercising any 'redit Corporation by-iawe). epting that any delegatjoor autho:i. of the powers or functions Agricultural Stabilization and Conserve..zatiorm contained therein shallbe coi Or from per-tion Committees. forming any of the dutiesConferred strued to conform to theasslgnmen herein and any such delegajoor au- Federal Crop Insurance CorporatIon. made in this document.Also, any rec thorizatjon is subject at alltimes to d. Agriculturaj Credit: u;ation, orr, auti2orization.or simil., withdrawal or amendment by the instrument including deiegatj of au. tary. Secre- Farmers Rome Administration. thority heretofore issued No delegation or authorization-Rural Electrification AcImlnist.ration. pursuant to a;iy prescribed in this document shallpre- sccretarial delegation Orauthcrizatioa clude the exercise ofany delegation or SEC. 110.Staff Agencies. The Staffby any other ofücer of theDepartmr, agencies of the Department' of shall continue in full forceand effect authorization otherwise provided tothe ure are as follows: Agricul-unless and until withdrawn Under Secretary. AssistantSecretaries, or supersecicci Administrative Assistant Secretary,or Office of the Solicitor. pursuant to authority granted Inthis Assistant to the Secretary for Administrative Agencies: document. Nothing In tnlsdocument Agricul- shall be construed to disturb tural Credit, or to theStaff agencies as Office of Budget and Finance. other reg- provided in section 112 hereof. Office of Rearing Examiners. ulations or instructionsgoverning the Office of Information, SEC. 103. Responszbjlzties general conduct of officers rd :'tov- of Agency Library. ees of the Department or providing'for !kads__.a. Responsibility tothe Secre- Office of Personnel. the orderly handling ofcorrespondence tary. The delegationscontained in this Office of Plant and Operations. and comsnunlcntjo Gocument are made subject to thegen- Sw. 111. The functions of theStaff eral responsibility ofthe Secretary toagencies are prescribed Particularly FEDERAL.STA RELATIONS: AGIIICUL. the President andto the Congre th in TYRAL RESEARCH SERVECE the administration for e Departfllent's Administrative Regu- of the Departmentlation. and otherwise. ASSIGNMEr 0? FDIICTIONS The head of eachagency (1) will main- tain close workingrelationships with the SEC. 112. Delegatio and authoriza-. SEC. 200. Assignment of functions. Oflicer to whom he 3ons to Service agenc es shall be subjectThe following assignment of' him advised withreports, (2) will keeptc, functions respect to major prob- such delegatioand authorizationsIs hereby made. to thAgrlcujturRe- lcms and developmentsand (3) will dis-asare granted to Staff agencies by thesearch Service: cus. with han Adniirijstrative Regulatloor otherwise. major policyproposed actions involving a. Coordination of all research activi- questio or other impor- GENERAl. DELZGAION OF AUTHORITY ties of the Department,, including tant Conjjderatlonsor questio, includ ex- Ing matrs SEC. 116. Delegatj of authority toanimation and analysis ofallsuch Other agencje5involving of relationships withagencyheajj, The head activitiescurrent, and conte this Department, otherag ofeach Fecicral agenCl or other governmen ency shall, under the general directionreview and approval of all pp or Private and supervision of the Secretaryof Ag- proposals prior to Initiation, ad b. Reponslj,zljtyorganfzaj or groups. i'iulture and the Under Secretary, for coordination0/ andconsultation on planning with he POZici, and the Assistant Secretary, the Admini.stra..agencies, and reports and recommenda- operationsit is the re-tive Assistant, Secretary, or the Assistant -p tions to- the Secretary. ' APPENDIX F S chasedtitletaxesorrevolvers, aud retailers' free (see the of seefollowingH tax, or 11.101 manufacturers'*are 11.102-li sold andsections) to 11.102 individualsof this pur-excise of title) this narilythementtax,originally beFederal the will payable price acquiredinclude excise to upon be antax paidthe a amountwhich saleproperty to theof would similar equalGovern- free ordi- toof ministrationadministeredinterest.promote oreffective otherwise and serve(C) economical The the National.public ad- Grasslands shall be for outdoor recreation. ized§ 213.2 to group the nationalThe Chief,grasslands Forest into Service, Grassland..ice,is author- toAuthority group forand (isief, isaisse Forest Serv- National §Unitedor 1011.2101 used States. for other than the use of the ceived. Di.positon of' funds re- Government.property by a vendor(SEAL] other Directorthan the 01 Administrative Services. Colonel. U.S. Air Force, J. L. Tana, herebyandrange,ister fish thetimber,directedpurposes. renewable watershed, to develop resources(d) andThe of wildlifeadmin-chief the Na.of the Forest Service is foreconomicalspecificadministrativenecessary public designations and administrationand unitsocia1 desirable and thereforreference to forprovide thereof as effective thereto.he suchfinds and and werethefinance contractor originally omcer purchased andfrom1011.2100 furnishDeposit whom by the the fundswith nameGovern-articles local collected of accounting pursuant and to jF.R. Doc. 60-5791; Filed, June 23, 1960; 8:45 a.us.l ministrationservicestainedpracticabletional Grasslandsyield obtained offor the multiple therefrom. several Nationalto the use fullestproducts Grasslands, and extent sus- and In the ad- plicable§ 213.3 to the national forests as set administration. The rules and regulations Protection, occupancy, use and ap- fromwhetherknown,amountment. the If theofthe contractingthe the salescontractor's information contract omcer officer. involved namewiU ascertain and are thenot is available Chapter lIForestTitle 36PARKS, Service, Depart. FORESTS, AND MEMORIALS in particularpromoteproveberelativedue managed consideration soil values theareas. and developmentso ofvegetative as the shall to various maintain be coverof given resourcesgrassland and and to Im-the to The resources shall amended,231,lations,forthpromulgated 241.in TitleChapter 251 36, and as CodeII, the261, Parts rules of or Federal211, as and hereinafter 212, regulations Regu- 221, hereby are adopted and ertytransfersnot§ 1011.2102 applicablepurchased of Government-owned toby the the following SectionsGovernment 1011.2100types prop- free of and 1011.2101owned property. are Transfer, of Government. PART 2 1 3 - ADMINISTRATIONLANDS UNDERPART OF 21TITLE 1-.-.-ADMINISTRATION ment of Agriculture Ill OF THE referredprojectsNationalagriculture tohenceforthGrasslands as in 'National the areasshall areIc) Grasslands": abe Theofpart. named which following andthe land utilization Jonesprovisionsisteredandregulateto prevent administration Farmby the thetrespassesof protection, TitleTenant Forest m of of Service Actonthe use,the and landsinsofar Bankhead- occupancy, underotherwise admin- as the Is Government-ownedof (excepttax: gasoline), contractoras defined inventoryin the Fed- All sales of surplus property and ACTBANKHEAD-JONES DY THE FOREST SERVICE FARM TENANT National Grasslands Colorado: State andSoutheasternNortheast prolect nameColorado. Colorado Number('0-22('0-21 Tiara,Weld. Las Afllmas. Counthe tomayProvided,practical grant continue easements and That underconsistent Forest and delegated enterService with into saidauthority officers leases, act: property.iceseral ActProperty of 1949 and (40 Administrative U.S.C.(C) 472).Transfers Serv- to a contractor under aAll sales of scrap or of used 8cc.follows; AIn newPart Part211, 213I 211.21 is added is revoked. to read as Nebraska:Idaho:Kanae: PlusMorton Ridge,Southern County.Idaho. Otero Southeastern NKA-2tID-hCO-i B-i LasDuwea,Morton,Oueida, Anlms, 2ioux.Power.Otero. Stevens. conditionsvolvingpermits, such agreements and lands for undersuch or feessuch contracts orterms rentals and in- costperformanceproperty type contract for useof ofthe In Government-owned contract. connection with the Sales to contractor under a fixed 213.2213.1 xuthorltyDesIgnation, for Chief,administration, Forestlands.tovelopment group Bervlce, and and ofde- natne National National Ora.ulanda. Grass- New Meelco: exceptUnioni,lhilsoh the that CountyWhite part Rivor.south N M-1 Cohtat,Union. Raiding, More. agreements,theas theypurposes determine ofcontracts said wilt Title bestand UT. memorandaaccomplish Existing valid leases, permits, priceperformanceproperty contract for useof of 1011.2103.)Government-owned In connection with the the contract. (See 213.4213.3 ProteCtion,PrIor rules occupancy, and regulationsseded.ministration. use, and super. ad- North Dakota:Western8heyemseCedar River North 1) ND-24NNM-D D-60-25 Billings,Ransom,Chant. Slour. (lolden Rich. land. withlongshallof understanding ashecontinue theyterms remain inthereof. full affecting validforce in and theseaccordance effect lands so positionGovernment, to the includingFederal Supply transfer Service. for dis- Transfers to other agencies of the 50 §8iat' 213.1 525. Designation,as amendedAutHoaIl'r; admini,tration, II 213.1 toand 213.4 issued under '1 U.8.C. 1010-1012. Oregon:Oktahozna: Central OragonRogerCinsurron Mills kota. 0R-2OK-21 Jelferson.Clusarron.Roger Mliii. xie,Valley. Slope. McKen § 213.4 The rules and regulationsperseded. heretofore Prior rules and regulations su- orbia,visIonof theinstrumentalities when Uthereof, iited original States, or salesthe are Districtor totax political such exempt. of agencies Colum- subdi- Transfer to any State, Territory tureministered desIgnated by Department In paragraph of (e) Agricul- of this development of NationalThe land ,Graaaland.. utilization projects ad- South Dakota: Perkins]adlandx'FeU Corson River SD-21SD-i Custer,('orson, Fall Perkins,River,Ztebach.Jackson,nington. Pen. areissuedprojects hereby foz' administered thesuperseded land utilization by as the to Forest allprojects such Serv- § 1011.2103 As indicated In t 1011.2102(d),ilireclor underprop- a fixed-price contract. Sale of property to aeon. aferredsection part ofto hereafter theas "Nationalnational-forest shall beGrasslands". named system and and re- The National Grasslands shall be 'Texas: DallamCroesSouth Timbers Central Ccunty SouthDakota. TX-nSD-2 Fannie.Dullest.Montague,Jones, Lyman, Wise.Stanley. dayministeredice, ofbut June not by1960. as other to such agencies. Doneproject at lands Washington, ad- D.C., thIs 20th ertytax,price is soldas contract, such, to a needcontractor the notamount be under collected. of the a fixed- Federal Since .jicultureprovisionspermanently for administrailonof heldTitle by III theof the Department under Bankhead- the of Wyoming: NortheasternWyomIng.NortheastLdonia Texas TX-7wy-alTX-V Campbell,Fannin. Con.vane,Niobrsrs, Crook, [SIALI Acting Secretary o/ .4rkUitUre. Taut D. Moass, 1 fita contractor from the shouldfact that not the derive Government any bene- exchangesJones Farm of landsTenant thereunder Act, subject as to will such :. IP.R. Dos. 00-6$25; PLild, iune 23, 3:50 a.m1 APPENDIX G [luuLic----No. 2 lO-75rH (oNoli eissj 'to create the Farittera' lluuie Corporation, to promote thom ICIEAPTCR 517-1ST III AN ACT R. 7562] SaMRIONI l een,e oéiupai.ey of beIn iledcited ,'lales its 'l'l.e of lknklivail..Jo,iespresentlanai,Be and ittorme enoeled lana ol I.oirn, Fmiriiilarici ti tothetenancy, correct'l'cciniit S'enate and the Aet". breco..omnicand other house purituace. ii.atal.iiity of li'eprese.mlali.'ea reaultitig trom ioine of the 'J'l'l'l.l l !1u',i(a in (olupesall". lfMassent 'l'EN. b/ed, 'l'liatNI' l'lf()VISIiNS Ii is A .t tony 1]icoSI toattn persons, soil in etigibli. the 'lerritories Si.to receive iiius of the theA "Secretlanka heutelits aii,I ury") ofII aisthis iv,nut titleii liorizt'tIanti to citablein Piie,t,, c 1. (a) lti, Seeret lily of A grilil it ii ic ( lit'r.'i I:u 'e .51:, itci...iiT o iiiitke buns in the tJiiited iii ft er referred title,theofjjidsuch their iv benefits the pecci)iisId iueoiiieuaSecretary Is toofivlio acu1iurefosiiithis ,,l,tnishall title. farming n,give faiiiis.(h) ni Otupreferenceultu ohwrutioiis o'uu,iitly fa iii. toly shalt,.bt.iuer.nuuiis itteil, be eligible the who luitujor are to niarrieul,receive portion tciiiiiit a, fiiriiu iii iimakiiig available the lieiielits of t his liilsuiu'us, slit. i.'.'i'ojun'rn, iiiiul ot her of tImelivestockfowhoor riowho Unitedare tug Ita ableantioperations. ccStates, dclnititeuittofuiiii iii, iiuil,leilueuitske alt fu 11111 iii il les, c) liiiiR't'eSsiIIy Noiltiwiii, whereloan shallsucteseftilly he unndu' to for LIt.' at'llliisition of any faint uiutlt's No pcioii shall be eligible who is tint a cit izeui l,uiuIu'iIt , or who are owmrs r I tract Ic, tile, to lr)uis carry oii stit u,itutswhcbfr of insuch ellicicuit tL. size fa itsfartu. the -iimaliiigeimient S:n'relary dt.'teriiiint's to be siihtit'ieiit to cot.-fanuil to early on successful fariiuuuug of a tyha n be successfully carried ouu iii limit ii tel to eiiiible a (lie lociility whuii'lu .111 igi'tit t I.e in shall Sec. 2. (a) Th. CoMy O'i Exoniinc applicaLios (81.4 wh th, cquiity mugetitii in tIme COVTT OOMMil!T' £D LON$ iIi1 rider seitioii 42 totitle.thenate)county, which county of or personsan with byapplication Iuueans such desiring other forof to aa loanfinanc.loan fromis theiivade. the acupiusit Secretary ion ofunder farms this inExamine and appraise farms iii the county with ecslect time Secretary tumi.y iht'sig 2 Ivi.nol ii. 315.1 3 If the comiiiittee finds that an applicant is eligible to receive immediately due and payable, and that, without the consent of the benefits of this title, that by reason of his character1 ability, aiid the Secretary ito final payment shall be accepted,or release of experience lie is likely successfully to carry out undertakings required the Secretary1s interest be imiade, less thusii fiveyears after the of him under is loan which may be made under this title and that the making of the loan. farm with respect to which the application is made is o such charuc- Except as provided iii paragraph (6) of subsection (b),no ter that there is a reasonable likelihood that the making of a loan instrument providet' ror in this section shall prohibit theprepayment with respect thereto will carry out the purposes of this title, it shall of aiiy sumdue Unc. c it. so certify to tile Secretary. The committee shall also certify to the No provision of section 75, as anuendeil, of the Act entitled Secretary the aiiiount whichthe coimimittee finds is the reasonable "An Act to establisha uniformsystem of bankruptcy throughout vulue of the farm. the United States", approved July 1, 1898 (U. 5. C., 1934 ed., title No certification nuder this section shall be made with respect 11, sec. 203; Supp. II, title ll,sec. 203), otherwise applicable in respect to any farm iii which any member of the committee or any person of any indebtedness iuicuirred tinder this title by any beileticiar) related to such ineiiibcr within the third degree of consanguinity or thereof, shall be apihicable in respect of such indebtedness until auth affinity has any property interest, direct or indirect, or in which beneficiary lies repaid at least 15 per centum thereof. they or either of them have had such interest within one year prior to the ilste of cirt iflcat on. EQUiT%iiLz DisTitifluTIoN OF LOANS No loan shall lie iliunie to any person or with respect to any SEc. 4. In making loans under this title, thesimiount which is farm uiiless cirtuhcntioii us required under this section hag been devoted to such purpose during amuy fiscal year ahahi be distributed made with ie pert to suchpersoii and such farmby the coniniittee. equitably among (lie several States and Territorieson the basia of farm populatmomu and (lie prevahemice of temuancy,as determined by the iTLiiMui OF LOANS Secretary. Sec. 3. (a) Loans inuide under this title aliallbein such amount AVOiDANcE us' Fii(iiium'iON EXPANSION (not iii excess of (lie ainouuut cerl ilied by tIme County Comiiuittee to be (lie value of the farm) as may be uuecessary to enable the borrower SEC. 5. Iii carrying out this title, the Secretary shall give(hue con- to acquire (lie faint and for necessary repairs and improvenueiita sicleratioii to the ilesiiability of avoiding theexpansion of production thereon, and shall Is, secured by a first mortgage or deed of trust for iiisrket of basic ciumintioditics where such expansionwould defeat on the farui, the policy of Coiugress as set fort Iiiii sect iou7 (a) (5 the Soil (ii) The iiistrnnuents tinder which the loan is made and security ('omiservatioii and I)omnes(ic Allotimiemit Act, as amended, andshall so given therefor shall far as practicable, assist heun'ticiarieg of theprogramtinder this title Provide for the repayment of the loan within an agreed to iuecoiuie estiih,l!slied uipiimi hiiiids now in cultivation. period of hot more than forty years from the making of the Ai'i'iioi'itiAiiiJN loan. Provide for the payment of interest on the unpaid hal. Ssx. 6. To carry outi( lie l°'isinu is oft Ii is title, there is aimi hun zed autce of the loan at the rate of 3 per centum per annum. to be appropiiateul not to exceed $10,000,000 for the fiscalyear ending Provide for the repayment of the unpaid balance of the Jumie 30, 1938, not to exceed $25,000,000 for the fiscalyear ending loan, together with interest thereon, in installments in accord- Juime 30, 1939, amid hut to exceed $50,000,000 foreachfiscal year ance with amortization schedules prescribed by the Secretary. thereafter. Not himore thmummi 5 per tent ummi of tImesulits appropriateul lie iii such form anti contain such coveiiantsasthe Secre- for any al year in piirsusiuce of this section shall be available for tary shall prescribe to secure the payment of the usnpaid balance udimminative expenses iii carrying out this title duringmdi fiscal of the loan, together with interest thereon, to protect the escuxity - and to assure that the farm will be mamt.ain4in-ieiGand TITLE II-..Ea&iiL1TAT1ON LOAIS waste anti exhaustion of the farm prevented and that emit lroIsr fairiiiing pmctsces as the Secretary alisi prescribe will be carriedit. 'AWD1l Scc. 21. (a) Ont ofthe fuhsLed. tier section 23, the Provide that the borrower ahall pay taxes and assessrneiits Secretary shall have pov (Hilie fnrrii to the proper taxing authorities, and insure amid ka ni sMgi he individuals for Py for iuusuirance on farm buildings. (lie purchase of hivetoek, farmeqoipM, lies, and for other Provide that upon the borrower's assigning, selling, or fit nh needs ( unclud imig miii muir im hum'ovemen' *uiuiom repa ms to melt I otherwise transferring the farm, or any interest therein, without liroperty), and for the reiimiauuciuig of indebtedness, and for fauuuily the eoiuseuut of (lie Secretary, or upon default in the perforni- subsistence. ann of, or upon any failure to comply with, any covenant or (b) Lucius made utinler this section shall beat interest ata rate not condition contained in such instruments, or upon involuntary in excess of 3 per cemu(uni per annuimiu, and shah have imiaturiticsnot in transfer or sale, the Secretary may declare the amount unpaid excess of five years, amid may be renewed.Such loans shall be pay. chattelagreement. mortgage, a lien on.e crops,in such and installments an amignment as the of Secretaryproceeds frommay All loans made under this tItle shall be secured by a 4 provide in the loan politicalany agency subdivision, of the United submarginal States laudor from and any land State, not primarily Territory, suit- orTo acquire by purchase, gift, or devise, or by transfer from 5 andgoing.portionthe other salu iiidividualsof of theiragricultural income who(c) products,oht*in, fromOnly farming farmor or owners, by operations,any onefarm or tenants moreand who of farm the cannot laborers,fore- sharecroppers, h0 recently obt*ined, the major propertytaryestatesable forJeteriiiines interests, cultivation, mayfor the be easeineiits,)urposea acquired will and not interests ofiiiterferesubject or this other intitle. toandencuuuibrances withany options reservatioiia,the utilization on suchwhich outstandingland. the of Secre- suchSuchTo protect, improve, develop, and administer any property so obtainadjustmentlending credit institution, on of reasonableindebtediws.s shallSm-. be terms22. eligiblebetween The from Secu-etary for farm any loans debtorsfederally undershall andhave thisincorporated their section.power creditors to assist in the voluntary iwulT ADJUSTMENT conditionsouttoacquired adapt a consideration, andit toas toits he construct niost deems any bsneficiel suchproperty will beststructures use. so accomplish acquired, thereon under theas may purposes such be necessaryterms ofTo thisand sell, exchange, lease, or otherwise dispose of, with or with- debtStsteuurucltheundertakings &djiistiueiut. Territorial, maytime cooperatewhen aiul withappropriatiouus l,xal withrespect agenciesand payto farm forthe and (lie wholedebt committees purpose adjustmentor part of of thisengaged the uncompletedsection expenses iii sin-hare of first at lie is also authorized to cofttinue cud carry nut whichsuchPresidentisauthoritiestitle, used butproperty, will for any bestother public aiid sale, togetherserve Federal,agencies purposes. exchange, the with State,purposes and the or onlyorconditions grant Territorial of on a shall laud-conservationcondition of beagenciesuse made and that adiiuinustratioo onlyto the administer and propertyto public land- 'I'he Secretary may recommend to the ofshallavailable. funds be wiavailable bout ilun to rge SEc.the to Secretary 23. (lie (a) dehtou For for (lie or loans fiscalcreditor. and year relief ending June 30, 1938, (lie balanc,.s ervices furiiished by the Secretary under this section A risiOriuiAriON n farmers, dedicationsorutilization transferredpropertY program, to or sin-hto, giants, the ageuicies.and Secretary iii thehis Presidentdiscretion, fur the purposesis for authorized any publicof this to purpose,transfertitle, to make such andWith respect to aiuy laud, or any interest therein, acquired by, aiprnpriatinuisappropriatedaspursuant 1937,ame.nded whichto Executive byto are madecarryExecutive uuuexpeuuded Order outfor therelief(b)Order Nunubered provisionsThe or Nuuuuberedon Presidentwork June 7530 reliefof80, this of1937, is7557 forl)ecemher autluorir.edtitle. any arcof February authorized tical 31, toyeuur 1936, allot 19, to beto (lie Secretary, wit of conditionssgeuiciesto grantlsndreasonable. utilization, licenses iii aiid ilevelopiuig factors and to conduct esseuuentsatlectiiug, platius(a) To forcooperatesurveys anda progisiiiupoii (lie and iiuetliodssuchwith of investigations laudFederal, terms coiiservstioiiof acconiplishiiigas State, relating Territorial, aunt to and other public lie ikeiits endingbyvidualsSecretarynecessary law prior aiideligible to desigiiatedto to July carry undercarry 1. wit 1939,thisout in such titlethethe such Exeuitive to iroiiimother receive formsof order loansthis of titledirectingas reliabilitatioii may and be tothe uuutluorized enable allotiuient. of bull- the slums as lie di.termiuues to be posesprolwitypi-eveiitiiiationiiiost effectively, ofcunceriiing trespssses acquiredthis title, the theseinby, suidpurposes order or otherwiseactivities. tiaiisferred to ofconserve thisf) regulateTo title, to,uuiske au.) andthe (lie ntilize suilitoSecretary usedis-seinimmate iiult,s aiidit or iiiid occupancyadvance for ieguuhaut the infoi- pur- (lie of ions as lie deeuiis uueeessa ry to oogrnuii of Sm.TITLElend 3i.conservation IIThe IRETIREMENT Secretary and island authorized OFuthzation, SU I3MAand including directed RGINAL the to develop LAN I) a iiuonuu.s1,i 8t.tut.,p u amended (U. S C., 1934 ed., title 18, SeC. 101).be puislied as pu-escrihieds of this title. Any violation of such iules amid reguulatiouis iii sectioii 5388 of the Revised dsnisbuguse,forictirenient cultivation, naturaland snd thus reservoirs, of resour, landsassis, in n')s*-.sereby whichmitigatingnoonssrving controlling are suib.rginalhoods, surface soil eroiion, preventing and or subsurface reforestation,not jriinarily iunpairiiieuut uuioistuire, siiit:iblc piiseiv. of correct maladjustments iii lsuu,l 4 thebySecretary the Secretarylaud Secretary is under situated shall from this ps inSr.c.title, niore 33. than As oiie count7,.e amount tu, 1w pail e pi4 (lie use of th lad 4sI*pIj such year. fk tk.1m41 ot each calendar veer, t revenuesland is heh,lreceived by ti In case Sccretsry1nibhicprotecting lands, theis anthiorized- lumultli,watershedsSec. safety, 32.of navigablesod To eIh.ctnstcwelfare. streuuins, the prograiui end protecting provided (ho for in section 31, the PoWERs UNDER LAND i'i(OORAM land.shallthorto counties arenotbe dividedbeused construedunder for equitably school this to section apply oramon road to s aiuuouuits allpurposes, he made received or oui both,. the from condition (list the respective couiiuties. This section (hue salePuiymiueui(s of 6 nil 7 APiOPiIArIOw (8) May sue and be sued in its corporate name in any court Sec 34. To carry out the provisiorof this title, there Is authorized of competent jurisdictiun, State or Federal: Provided, That the to be appropriated not to exceed $10,000,000 for the fiscal year end- prosecution and defense of all litigation to which the Corporation ing June 30, 1938, and not to exceed $20,000,000 for each of the two may be a party &h&ll be conducted under the supervision of the fica1 years thereafter. Attorney General, and the Corporation shall be represented by the United States Attorneys for the districts, respectively, in 'flTLE IV(IENEEAL PROVISIONS which such litigation may arise, or by such other attorney or attorneys as may, under the law be designated by the Attorney FARISESS' iiOM$ CORiORATiON General: And provided fureher, tl'hat no attachment, injunction, SEC. 40. (a) There is hereby created as an agency, of and within garniatunent, or other similar process, meane or final, chill be the l)epartnieiit of Agriculture, a body corporate with the name issued against the Corporation or its property; 'Fsr,iiers' Home Corporation" (in this Act called theorporotioti). May adopt amend, and repeal bylaws, rules, and regula- 'rhc principal office of the Corporation shall be located in the District tions governing time manner in which its business may be con- of Coltiiiibia, but there may be established agencies or branch offices ducted and the powers vested in it may be exercised and enjoyed; elsewhere iii the united States under rules and regulations prescribed Shall be entitled to the free use of the United States mails by the Board of Directors. in the same manner as other executive agencies of the Govern- (Ii) The Secretary shall have power to delegate to the Corporation ment; such svs and duties conferred iIOfl him under title I or title II, Shall have such powers as may be necessary or appropriate or both, and such powers under title IV as relate to the exercise of for the exercise of the powers vested in the Corporation (includ- the powers and duties so delegated, as he deems may be necessary to ing, but subject to the limitations of this Act, thepower to the efficient carrying out of the purposes of such titles and may be make contracts, and Lu purchase or lease, and to holdor dispose executed by the Corporation, and to transfer to the Corporation of, such real and personal property as it deems necessary) and suchfunds available for such purposes as he deems necessary.In all such incidental powers aim ire customary in corporations connection withand in the exercise of such powers and duties so generally.The Board shall define the authority and duties of delegated, all provisions of this Act relating to the powers and duties the officers and empoyoea of the Corporation, delegateto them of, and limitations upon, the Secretary shill apply to the Corporation such of the powers vested in the Corporation as itmay determiie, iii the same manner as to the Secretary, and the term"Secretary" and require bonds of such of them as it may designate and hix the shall he coiistrued to include "Corporation". penalties and pay the premiums of such bonds. The Corporation shall have a nominal capital stock in an Insofar as applicable, the benefits of the Act entitled "An Act aniount determined and subscribed for by the Secretary.Receipts to provide compensation for employees of the United States aulfering for payments for or on accoumit of such stock shall be issued by the injuries while in the performance of their duties, and forother pur- Corporatioii to the Secretat-y and shall be evidence of the stock owner- poses", approved September 7, 1916, as amended, sh&llextend to ship of the United States. employees of the Corporation. The imioiiagement of tIme Corporation shall be vested in a board All money of the Corporation not otherwiseemployed ma of directors (in this Act called the Board> subject to the general super- be deposited with the Treasurer of the United Statesor in ammy ban vision of the Secretary.The Board shall consist of three persons approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, subjectto withdrawal employed in the Department of Agriculture who shall be designated by the Corporation at. any time, or with thapproval of the Secre- by the Secretary. racancjes in time Board, so long as there are two tary of the Treasury may be invested in obligations of theUnited imicinbers iii office, shah not impair the powers of the Board to execute States.Subject to time approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, its fu,ictjoi,s mind two of the nieiiibers in office shall constitute a the Federal Reset-ye banks are hereby authorized amid directedto tuoruin for the trunsnctiomi of business. The directors, appointed us act poeitories, custodians, and fiscal agents for the Corporation lieieizibcfore provided, shall receive no admt.onmil compensation for iii ths of its powers. their services as such directors but ue.y be allowed travel and sub- (ft) including its franchises, its capital, reserves, smsteimee expenses when enaged in business of the Corporation outside ant I1s y shall, except as otherwise of time District of Columbia. p all taxation now or here- The Board way select subject to the approval of the Secretary, after impo.sd by the United . sse, Territory, District, an mdntimiistrator, who shalle the execulive officer of the Corporation, dependency,erI u'.Iiq with such power and authority as may be conferred upon him by the (j) Time Corporatsau shill at cli timet ni1i$sth.eomplete and Board. accurate books of account and shaM k1be Secretary The Corporation a coniplete report as to the business of this (1) Shall have succession in its corporate name; ('2) May adopt, alter, and use a corporate seal, which shell be ADMiNI5ThATIVE rowxss or sECRETARY AND PCATWN judicially noticed; Sac. 41. For the purposes of this Act, the Secretary shall have power to- 8 IFVII%OJ sa. 1104 9 area)leqilteeliiiiealmaylnhioii) Isite beshell cud (ecliuiicalnecessary. (raiiiiuig he fix a CIte 1poited (iCi soul compensationNo iii uug orpersonexperience (is iisfeiieil (excepta) of Appoint forsuch uiniler which as to(without positionsuio one regard iositsnig requiring to thethe civil-service laws and regu- uitI exl*rieuuce is available wit hi ii thie officers and employees as his Act to any posi- andunderenteredpursuant modify any into niortgmige, thepursuantto tinsterms Act, to,of lease1 mandthus(Ii) if Collectincontract, hia judgment all or claims agreement neceary and thhigatione entered and advisable, into arisingCompromise under this claims Act, and or obligations arising under, and adjust Ct, as circumstanceslesees, may require.contract., and agreement.' orwliiiiiregionalcoui(ineil(ion 'l'errioiy, iii exteuid cii iiflwit iffieto uiuiless such to iiiotuside iiiore aState State siidi thuii ilie or or lsioii District'J'erritory one,Territory hasor porions ofbeen or(lieColunibia a alt operationsportion of actual more the thereof, thanand operationsof which boita-tideoiie, or State iiiare of a to pursueAttorneysGeneral,thisProvided,may Act thç arise, shall and Thatsame for theorbe thethu byc-inductedlegal districts, such representation other respectively,under uuttorey the shall supervision or attorneysin be which by (lie of assuch Unitedthe may, Athorneylitigation under States (lie prosecutionfinal collection and defense in any of court all litigationhaviuu under jurudictioii ice).region,gariliiigiiextwhichrtsiduiit precediiig such, as of1iertods (lie tIii ollire ruseST (lie of ate is mayuppoin(iiieiit resiuleucelocated, or be,Terrhory, while for outside a oriii orperiod traiister(he region, suchFederal of to notasState such the Governmentless orcase position than Territory, may one (disie- be,serv- year oriiiIf (lie operatioiis of the ifike are confined to a Portion of a currylaw, be out designated this Act by the Aliorimey General Make suihi rules and regulations as lie deeiius necessary (o COuNTY (xnhSsrrrKE toThatareorSingle thetfroiii ictisfersresoleiis hereafter, Federal State the to preceding or ofservicesiidi wliet-ei'erTeri-itorv,such office forportioii sellteiice, shall,employiiient practicable,the exceptof Secretary al)puiii(the iii Statewith theall oriii classes appointneiitsiiior transferinching the 'rerrhoi-y L)istiict of casesoiily appoiiitiiieiits of ofexemptpersons i)ersonsUolimi- cii who Provided, ituuiheratcountyiii theeach rate committee thiscounty umf Act $ bmitiiiper Sst.ciuiiiposed which day such 42. while couiipensatmon(a)activities ofThe engaged thiiee Secretary are farmers in carried shallthe is performanceresiding imotauthorized on underbe inallowed the of(ihleand county duties Each withdirected I inieniber to aphioiiit of the couiiinittee shall be allowed compensmi(uiuii a thebeI,ia, wit liasis under hut mindof theinipii mmiiiuimg tiio'ious let ion (li) asof asrcitaii Athis cit( Act, it id wlietlieiat such appoiiitmeiits I lie thassitied civil service or o( heiwise,i lie sveiii shallamid Ibe States appiti- cud the l)ist net of Col uinbia iipoiiitt I liz volui it aiy ainl lie last precedi uig ceiisiisuiiicolim putuisated services, thetratehinberespect itllowedc,muin(y, to iuioue sin or ii on timiunts than the callfive gus of days(e) such the 'Ihe inSeermtsry other acouiunmittee month poTion niuiy as shellpiesttIme Secretaryribenieet for on iiecsau (he immay call y of the couuiuty migent iii and subsistence expenses lii addition, they tlmahl (iii(iiiii iii, veritiimv wit li iii, oi' of any State, 'l'eiiihory, or political smilimhi visioii liiiequi I coitseiitltiiieimt,t liemit limits theaiitl aguiuy iii of forniat appropriations itsmmueriic,l, toIl of auiy nmadeutilize agency (limnefor, iii the Federal lii, ,,fiiceis, iiiahie aiicotornniiltets1ulusigumateThe of theirSetretsu dutmes,furiiishm y thahl mind forms authorizeiirs'rihw and equiipiiieut aiimlrules pi governing ovimlu necessary for tIntthe couilpeiisatfor piouemliire the perforni- umimi of (lii 'Iwo iiienmluei of the ci aunt it tee shall cmiust mtiit e a quoruuui ofgoverir1ucesstui-y ic feituiti,iuieuutuumiehutise mmmd exptiiuli(iiiea elsewhere anti esi,ha() for\Viigo laisoilaliiiof smmhulil iii services im's and reiit at (lie seat of (ra ,eh uli :mtiiliit ones, subsis(viue pe1 mcutls, epensis, iimchmiihiiug coiut ract stenogicphiic report iiig stitices it iid eq(milflhieiit , law books, Ixaiks imewsliuu lucre, aiiil piess chi1t- committeeof suchul ut ius clerical s uetificiilly assistants inmpiwcd(ii) as Coiuiniitteeslie under dteiiis Cliii estiiiay Act, mihul hrfutriiibe ishmuilrequired such iiutuher otliem by auuythis diii Act es m,hiahh, in addition to (hit imuaiuitenuriuum',iitteiiuIjiIIIgsj mite itt itnieet i iug.s a mud toii fereumees ; lie seat of goveriinient und elsewhere, of niotumr- purchase, opuruti ion, uiid (lie expeiise of under iC i p Act as the Secrctaiy may require of tlieimt. 4 M!NT ruiulixerui toiiuIoilled iug (title ; find puiSsemigCI-t-iirryii4 uiecessuiry for (lie(il) PioPer Make auhumujiuist coiitracts forration servicesii of uI for aiidsuu,li piircliasee ot her fuicil of it ice ii itml services as lie nut utuid other vehicles; printing and biiid- 7OW ao tinie 7530 of as to coiitmnne to perform such of zecutive Order NimmbeiodEzecutie Order Nuun- nit-uIiugan,l(U. veil S.to is C,(lie l W34 provisions ed., titl,44, of ss°W than aee., - I) whee ' - Stea suiryLmeieulberedprojects, only71157 845, for ofruralapproved the Fe completion rurehabilitation June 29, iaa@ projects (49 fo reesUisment purjxnes 9 17, and auinistrat1on of those resettlenient 9085I, as shumill be nines- to Public Act Nuui- immiils auth s,ilyAciomintunguiuiler with titlerespect III. O' to 5the itt (lieacqiuisit Revised Statutes, as aiiueimtleul, AcquireMake pymsa lazud ia psor tu aeèt snd se$5I interest. therein itt land or interests iii land tvithouitThis regard mtiuhsect to section ion shell iiot by the General Junehavelandthepurposes:able 30,beendet'elopmeuit supervision to 11137, allottedClue Provided, Secretaryare by of authorized andClue the That SecretarylandforPresident, anysaid toutilization landbe purposes pursuantspploluriatedand held the prns., whichbalances to to are csrryof iinexpeniletl f out sai . .: 1937 CONGRESSIONALRECORDHOUSE 6167 &IGG CONGRESSIONALRECORDHOUSE JUNE 28 who writes ritablet paper or a pm*t card, from tile editorial TheGovernorcharacterized Secretory PerkIns' ouigcestlon C I 0 had announced that it would Invade Monroe.It had ness, had not the sheriffs of three counties notified Michi- writer, of tne great national dailies to tile tobscure astile exerclae oftile moot autocratIc and dIctatorIal tiire',itened to hold a dcmonstratiots in that city. gan'a Governor that the citizen, would tale the law Into weeklies, bring the word, the thought, that the right to powers ever sltempted" amid "In private lifeIt would is- On thLs Sunday I saw honest, respectable businessmen and theIr own hands. If power was not restored. kidnaping."Let us pause here, mime a little oemnmon aries'. We have come to the parting of the ways.For the mo- work is not only a right guaranteed by law bial II ha a light workei'i armed wiLil cluba, knives, pistols, shotguns, tommy demanded by necessity. and consider.Just ssomone for the moment tOot the Cr0- guns, sandlng guard to repel an invasion.That same day,ment tile broad and the easy road, pciiticaliy. may be the I cannot more accurately, clearly, and concisely state the clone bad time authority and could snd would Coil in h'i:mitler according to the newspapers, some 8,000 men from other one pointed out by the gentleman from Texas.Along that issue than to quote Governor Davey. mm! Ohio. who said: "The and Purnell. and euppone he called in lewis sncl hlrOof parts of the State and outside the Statefor Monroe is lessroad under the banner of a fighting leader with almost might to work lsacred; the right to strike Is equally valId." Ilestetismit, and he snnouricrd his, Intention of hoOting ii than a half hour's drive from Toledomet in the park Justunlimited fundi at his command, with an organization the He lays down the doctrine that those wotters who wishsmUt they agreed,Just whimt agreement couid ice torctIleuli outvote the city lmiits threatening advances on the peopie of like of which lisa never been seen in this country, march to remaIn on strike "certainly are entitled to do so, and to to make? Monroe. hundreds of thousands of grim, determIned men who have continue any and gil lawful protests", and that in equal fair- I am now waiving all questions of low, all qurvlluuil-. of I c,rnc on ny way, and Monday's papers quoted Blttner, been led to believe, who are told frequently, that they nsa., he said, "those who want to work should emsjoy that right,Here they sit around the councU table,lean 0055 one of the C. 1 0. organizers from Chicago who handled are the slaves of industry, of men aim would deprive them privilege without beIng molested." you must sign.Glrdler and Purnrll say we s'iU not oi0n. lion crowd, as saying, "If we wOnted violence, we'd go to of their Just rights. Speaking of government, be said: "It must not abdicate itsThe Governor nays sign; they sign, sign what?An sorer- Monroe today and take it", then added, "but what would we Small wonder then that they are earnest, that their sovereign powers to any who challenge it. existence." osent to bargain collecUvely.Well and good.Now. whst have if we took it?Who ever heard of Monroe unul a few actions are vigorous, that they are wiUing to sacrifice.But Here Is a declaration of principle which kseedu Justice for Is the bargain? Lewis bias so many thousand torn,lie soy,, days ago?It is a fly spot on the United States." Me tbzgat. hundreds of thousands of men have suffered and have died all, and which, if announced by either the President of the he wIll work under certain conditIons and for so mui'im p.m cued the C. 1. 0. would be back, and he saidI quote: "By because of erroneous bebef, because of false leadership. United Siateu or the Governor of Michigan In December of hour.Ghrdler and pimrncll ass,, we cannot pay it; we Will Ood, they will pay for what they did at Monroe, and payLewis is hailed as the greatest labor leader of the century, tgawhen these sit-dawn atxlkes began in the General mist pay It.Shall tIme Government say, you stmcsil p',my it, me writ." and it I. true that he has gathered millions under his Motors plants, would have avoided controversy, violence. and gardlesu of whether tIle industry can stand Ume ehicece?Iii'- Having seen the strained, drawn faces of the men at Mon- banner, but he has gathered them by the holding out of blsodoized,It Is the application of this principle as followed (ardhesu of the fact that time demand may bresk time Industry roe; having heard their expressions of anxiety, of fear; hav- false hopes, promises Impossible of performance, and by by Governor Davey, as followed by Governor Townsend. of and drive It into bankruptcy?Assume Girdlre and l'urmo'll ing sensed their dutensunatlotI to protect their city and their tsstimldstlOss and violence. Indiana; Governor florner, of Illinois; Governor Clam. of say that they cannot meet the imnjois demand for a doil.cr people; having In mind the Invasion of the plant by hun- And where has lie led them and what has he accom- Connecticut; Governor Murley. of Massachusetts, Democratsand can pay but 60 cents per hour.Lewis says, "We will dreds of armed workers from oul.side the State, knowing plished?Examine thoroughly, painstakingly, the history all, which must be adhered to If peace Is to return, not accept It."ShaU the Government say, "You ncmist stork Murphy stood back of and encouraged lawlessness and viola-of the recent strike In General Motors.Compute for your- the Increaseinwagea and Another thing which must come before we wW have laat- for 60 cents an hour?" lion at Flint, Msciv,I sympathized with these men of selffrom reliable source, log peace in industry Is the repeal or the drastic amendment These are entreme lilmistratlons.Nevertheleso, the Con- Monroe. againstit set the total pay-check iota of the workers. of time Wagner Act,That piece of legislation, no matter stantly Increasing denmands of labor for a larger obcire Cl My heart went out to them in time of stress in theirand to that lass add the amount which Lewis' organiza- what its purpose missy have been, bias proven to be the enter- the grog. .ales price. the ever-present desire of the mnanuloc- heipivooness against the army which the C. I. 0. could bringtions collected for initiation and dues. Then balance your log wedge a ouch has driven apart organised and unorganized tiller to reap a profit, are In continuous conflict sod if tier- against them.So I wired the mayor of that city and I books and note thor result.Ascertain the working eondi- labor, employer amid employee. ernment, as pointed out by Donald Riehborg, sseuomrs conirol, eisa at the same time wired my secretary in my home town Lions and the hours which prevailed before Lewis entered The mmntairrmeoa of that act, as enforced by the NaLtocial labor may In the end find it5l'if begging fur the right to si'S "to nave reliable eitioesas who are willing to go to Monroe the field. examine subsequent conditions, and determine labor Relations Board, the arbitrariness of It as applied by Its services to the highest bIdder, rather than tom a Oovreui- 10 aid in defending the city from Invasion promised by C. L what, If anything, has been gained.Apply the same meth- ods to the other Industries which have felt IsIs bllghtlng the decisions of that Board, the encouragement which it ment.-contrulled market. i) . .aer Bittner leave name, address, telephone number, gives to ambitious, self-seeking racketeers, have demonstrated Labor cannot be employed wIthout Irlulustry. slidhuhlit' list vi arms, tents, and cots at omce."For that gctton Itouch, and you will have a fair and true pIcture of what beyond all question that it add, to, rather than diminishes. cannot make a profit without labor. slid if tI1' tire ale lr:t have no apologies to make. The offer to the mayor of Mon- has happened. strife,Could those who passed II have foreseen the Inter-slone without Government eoinpuiolorm to buciguimmi collie. roe was made in good faIth.It atands. That the C. 1. 0. does not always represent the workers pretaUomi which would be given it, and the purpose for which lively, amid meet In a spirit of reasonsblmneso. thiy williii The tact which the gentlensan from TexI,i and the C. 1. 0. has been convincingly and spectacularly demonatrated at it would be enforced, and the disaster which has followed In Youngstown and also at Johnstown, where, when the workers the future, as they have in the past, find a conumii,un croiuoui crganiuers fail to grasp is that the farmers of America, the its wake, it is more than probable that it never would have where labor will have employment st a steady woO's' 01111 Small businessmen of our country, the people, women, as were assured of protection, they went back to their tasks, the reached the statute books. industry will be aisle to make a profit wiiich wuit eimoi,ic it weU as men, in the smaller communitito, will shed their mIlls were opened, and the pay cheeks are ready. We have the National Labor Relations Board telling us Lewis raises a man of to exist. biood, will give their lives, before they will be dominated, But that I, not the whole atory. that It Is the duty and the obligation of employers to aigim a Denuxmrlallonerltirismn without the suggesiisn i,fim rue:- driven from their working piaces. from their townS and cities, j'aw. a false issue, and makes the declaration that his contract with the C. tO. and it adihlalsa in various interceta edyis futUe.January 14, on tilefloor oh tin'Itoui'u',I by the C. 1. 0. or any othcr Communist-controlied group. llbht ho between the workers and the cinpioyera.All know We have tile President of the United SIatdi making the baldpointed out that "by failure to act, tile Governor vf Murlui- Another mivtstake which the gentleman and list C. 1. 0. that tillsis not true.His fight Is not only against tIle deelarnUon that employer, should sign with the C. I. 0. Ingan and the President are permitting, if not sOnctiotil Ill:. workers make is the assumption that, like the Innocent medi-employer, but Into that battle he has thrown his workers the steel atrlke now on. Hut listen to the argument, to tile mob rule." Prom thai day to time data whr'n Oovciiu,:r cine man of oid, they arc immune from the fatalities which against the unorganized and the organized workers who do promises which were made when the bill was before the From the beginning he has Davey, of Ohio, announred his policy of proleclimis' the stoic overtake others, not belong to his organization. Senate. The Senate committee III reporting It favorably, who wants to work, guaranteeing his right iou Job: tost l's,',- It is the priviicgc as weli as the right of the gentlemanconstantly altempted to drive every toiler into his organ- among other things, said: ness has contInued to increase, and time bat,le front 1mm br,'ic ization to dan on the dotted line.About this there lno from Texas lMr Muvaolcsci to go up and doivn the country- IS Sept. tOo. 53, 74th 005g. 1st ., p. ill rapIdly widenIng. side assisting the C. 1. 0. and 11.5 affiliates in organizing to dispute, so that Under whatever banner the tight may be The emosmsmttns Wbm to dl.p.t nay poechmn Iniss impression That Tile gentleman fronm 'Fenos sold lie was gitling a little lilt fight and march under the banner of Madam Perkins In herwaged, under whatever slogan the battle carried on, tile truth shim smu is designed to mmpxm 550 matmag of sgr,eassnis or Is per- tired of constantly hearing this ranting and roaring,hilly Is that the C. 1. 0. is fighting not only the employers but Omit governmental supervision at theme teems,It mSst S. .Sesnd effort to force businessmen to acknowledge the supremacy inst tiss duty to bargain OOhi.ntleeiy dam not osery with it tim. dutyIcallIsIs attentIon to page 0213 of the Covovccsie,com. of hewn.It may be his pleasure to address crowds which all other industrial workers. I or aside from to reach an sgroeement, bias.. tIle nss of oolisethvs bargaining Recoss under date of June 23, where the Ds'moorstle whip boo the mention uf the Supreme Court, as was done at Dc- Even this does not complete the story. I. 500.1 5111mev palsy shall b. free to dealda whether pe.mpsasi. slag. In the Senate samd: the workers in the industries where Lewis' efforts are con- Is It or. satisfactory. troll.They will make no impression; he will get Utile There is nut s ststeIs cot Itnlomc whIch11151 now I.mvii sympathy in his preachment of the doctrine that Americancentrated. the New York Times in an editorial of yesterday Senator Wamcemxe hiniself Wrote on November 3, 1931, thattmsevslened alUm Whst m.y bo r.hlrd . form vi rl,,Lc,i,.ci,ruto-I,.ic ritizorvv should permit their towns, their cities, theIr Indus-t*llu us: there was nothing In the law to compel an employer to sign. 'Shall vs on,rlosk 51 tOils Sloe sad coral's Iliac It WoO 1,1 i5 Elks manner thin Italy yIelded, nm-meg ho S eo,cdhmiou wnlrn i',,. trial plants, to be taken over by those whom he ell5ts under (SimSalliSo Workers inoil lb. oust mine, ill He held further and said Congress bad no authority to Im- country. in all ills iron, copper, goid, .115ev, Iesd. sad dIsc mine., easily mulled Is 5 tyrnssv slid . iorvmotdevimohlem a. .t,,I,,lm ihe banner of the C. I. 0. and the Communists. iii .11 tho qssrri.s. oh well. and gsa welis. is .11 ills iron amid stsei pose such a requirement. GettIng Saturday's paper., we find to mention l'""Herv within oi,enelsr. we 10 nearer (sl It may have given the gentleman pleasure to nay, as he mlii., ma alt in. ,mtamwbii. tautoel.s and oop.ie soap.. sac amid tail- the repeated author of the bill particularly critIcIzIng the mill Itaun-vetmon and appsn..the. .me. r,,nleoolil,g no ..rn,y .1 ecooll did at Detroit, "and Homer Martin, your leader, is absolutely reams shop., sgflouhtseai implement (actoein. ship sod toot aorta. operator, becalm.. they will not sign a contract which ha 55. islg.at nusmbsr., whstsfl from 5115 .lsm,il,vrn Or ice nloplei,.'. O K" and in nil in. metal-working isds.trie. together. OOn.titate. 50- formerly said th, law did mint requir, them to sign, which asnom.. secondary. oordieg to in. census of lab in.. than hO percent of the total 'Furs to page 0284 of the Racoso of Jimrir 24 anil(101,' But I cull attention to the fact that it wax Homer MartIn, .esmbse at gslshmily 0000pl.d prrmaa. Congress bad no authority to demand that they sign, and Sri ing under the tradorsisip of Lewis. who stilted the wheels which the commIttee said was not dealgned to compel thethere the statement on prv'oent condition, by a Ulolill- of,thi.try. who cimed time factories; who destroyed auto- And upon the remaIning 90 percent Lewis would throw the making of a contract or perseiit govarunsental supervIsion guluhed Democrat whimme loyaltyIsunquc.stlomeed.vuiio',e mniululirs in tile mskivg; who prevented the orderly eaecuUoll larger part of the Immeasurable cost of his Industrial war- of Its tcrnss. vision Is clear: of the los fut proersul's of the Court; who sent workers by fare.While the gentleman from Tisas marches eiiowd,'r Aside from the use of Pennsylvania's armed force, by We got no goren,lnenl in Wo..I,I,,yl..n .sd 0-C !i5CC il" I," tie' iliessand horn th,Ir Jobs; who deprived women and to shoulder with Lewis he should not forget thst with lewis the Governor to drive men from their work, perhasa the gmvcrvmovmit ill.mliflO 01 tic OLu,i,5. bcru,oao zocv,,o'c.'s tmis,, cli' mlnl,l.,rf ilicmivans of itvclihood; who brought anarchyand with him march Homer Martin, Frsnkensteen, the most outrageous demand ever put forth was that Governor r.nml.rsd to mob emil.. tot), net. iteuthier boys, Browder, and a host of Communists wiso sneer Davey said was made upon him by Madam Perkins, who, he It was with Use thought 01 doing something ho rrmuuetiv iii,' It woe members of an organization which acknowledges at the Supreme Court, scoff at law nnd order, and boast of says, asked hIm to call In Tom Glrdlee, of Republic Steelaltmiatlon that, on April 16, I offered hi, H 0456,TIii'i bull the leadership of homer Martin, Who turned off the power Use aId of State and Federal oeIaia in their enterprise. Cosimoratlon. and Prank Purnell, of Youngstown Sheet & provided. smone other things, for tile reglatrstiin of Lilies in the Sumginaw Valley. depriving hundreds of thousands of The issue cannot be confused,Letters pouring in from all Tube Co., and "keep them there until they sign an agree- organizatIons, for the etmforeemnent by such vrgailinitioiis elto'rns of the necessities oflife and who undoubtedly paris of the country, from the uneducated axmd the educated. mentwith their s&gel Worlezi. ofdisciplinetitiantheIrusilmiibcz.prohibited sit-dow tm avoid have kept the peopie of that valley plunged in dark- from the man who dictates isis letter to the man or woman 6it CONGRESSIONAL RECORD_HOUSE JUNE 28 '1937 aiuikes; made labor organIzation, reeponaibig for theacts CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUS1 6169 Of their ogers and their members, You have been eltUng here watching,waiting, hoping, and I know matsy of you praying, that he would attainment, that he was deceived and misled by those who That blU haa remained with the eomoiitteeever since cease In those 1 years of this relationship they thalt have tim'bm'i,m'llt of While condition, have steadily grown worse, efforts which at lust you realise will overthrowthe Govern- advised him. sound advice and wise eupccvision It was on June 21 that I oSered H. H. '7695, making ment which you love, Nothing but a lock of the knowledge of the abiding pi'in- TMy second amendment provides that lii,,' bmlmeii,',ucy 1,7 th, it a 'Ibday you know, you understand cipies of justice, of equality, of a square deal for every man, felony to transport In Interstate or foreigncommerce per- as you have never act cannot alienate this farm; thatis,ti' Cannot sellit Lono Who are engaged in going from one State to another understood before, the road which he I, foiowitig,the dcsij. in' a failure to apply that knowledge, can Iccount for the during the Seat 20 ym'acn of tbmls rm'iationshmmhi to close factories. nation toward which he is traveling. failure of the President to declare for law and order when He cannot pay off his obligation compiri.'iy tar oiI,'., .1 Each of these bills, If enacted Int.o law, woistd With aniaxetnent and almost unbelief,you saw his attack these strikes Seat came about. 20 years. go a long against the Supreme Court unfold, I ask you to read the artIcle of Ldpposann in Salw'day's Mr. ROSSION of Keritucky Way toward aiding in the Ootutlon of some ofour industrial You received his re- Will time g"mmti,'mv.,mi tm, lit? troubles and there is nothing in either that would be orgassizatlon bW and you nenued It.spurpose,You were issue of the dailies and note how he, always a friend and an Mr. BIERMANyJ.Iyield to the gcmmtim'imisri from Ken' unfair given the hour and wage law and you realized 7t.s adnitcer of the Preoldemit. has at last arrived at the osoclu. tucky to labor, or that would its any way prevent thegrowth of import, unionsIn fact, if the lame result foliowed which foUowed You law going in and out of the White HouseJohn t,, lion that the President is seeking to establish a dictatorship. Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky,As I ui,mim'istoo, Itim,cm's the enacuflent of the British labor law_and there Irwin, who publicly demanded that the PresIdentOf the All this welter of violence and of bloodshed which con-Uensami's amendment, lie cannot pay It oil in less limos 20 is no rea United States pay a politIcal debt. fronts us, which, beyond qlwation, wilt come to us. can be year.? non to believe that It would notthe enactment of thesetwo measure, would strengthen labor union,, aid Its driving You have observed the President of the UnitedStates avoided. if you men Who believe in the principles of tise Mr. BIERMANN. Yes out sitting silent and, by his alienee, giving approval to great Democrattc Party here and now insist upon (be ap- Mr. ROBSION of KentuckyWhy Is thai? racketeers and create new cOnfldence between employerand the acts union organlzatlon of t,ewls and his organizers in wrecking Indtrythroughout plication of thooe principles to the present situation. Mr. BIERMANN.I ails going to go into that the land. In deprivIng men of theIr rislit to work. The time baa come to repudiate men like Governors Earle. Mr. FI'I'ZPATISICK.Will the genUeman yield? These two bill, were followed, on the 22d day ofJune, by a resolution respectfully calling upon (he President You have heard time statement of a great Democratic of Pennsylvania; Murphy, of Michigan; and to follow men Mr. Bmp5MANN, 2 yIeld to the gentleosass frommiNm lv to de- Gov. York clare Ihat no citizen of the United States alsould ernbr of the great State of Ohio that the President'sSec- like Governors Townsend. of Indiana; Crem, of Connecticut; be de- Homer, of Illinois; and last and most unflInching of all, Mr. FITZPATRICK. Would that be mandatory? pried of (he opportunity to engage In hlu Usual andcus- retary of Labor called upon him to kidnap the heedsof Wm,lllmi toniary tuok, and further requesting that where the Industry and hold lhent until they yielded, Oovcrnor Davey, of Ohio. he have to carry out the advice 'mf Ui, IX'piirtu,i,'nt'Iii Clvii or other words, would it be mandatory? military autlioritics of a State or of a subdivision failed,for And, whatever may be time controversy between thegreat Get bark of him, declare for law and order, pass the a pci lod of 2 days. to give protection to any person desiring Governor of that State and Mme Perkins,you know that resohiUous which I introduord and see this threatened irohl. Mr. BIERMANN.I think that is uomemhlng the Seem,'- the President has not Interfered when industries have tarp ought to work out, but I believe to a large eotc.mi to work, that right should be secured to blot bythe action od been bie fade like mist before the morning son. it the armed force, of the United States. kidnaped and held to ransom. Mr. DOXEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to theought to be mandatory. Oh, 2 appeal to you Democrats of the South and We are not entering Immto a strictly business relationship, That such a resolution was necessary to dispel theIdea true gentleman Iroin Iowa I Mr. BmUigsmm I. lhat laslessness was approved by the national admlnlatra.Democrats of the North, to act before 1111 too late, Mr. BIERMANN. Mr. Chairman, lii eonaidertng this bill We are entering into a sort of pnt.t'risinl relaiiocioiuim Of tinii a matter of common knowledge, Such a declaration Do not believe that the loyalty and seif-nacriAcingservice it is well to bear clearly In mind the purpose of the legtsl*-course, it ts not sound business policy to lend ICC pvmeent ssoui,t undoubtedly. In alonat all instances, protect, withoutwhich you have given to the President wWsave you, You tion and not to lose sight of that.The purpose of thu of the value of property.It is not businesilke to leimd blooit lied, the right of men 7.0 work, will follow in the wake of that long, long list ofpatriotic legislation is to make owner-operators out of people who money at S percent. because that wUl mint pay tileco,i. That liii, Is evident in shown by the circwnatances follow- Democrats who have been kIcked out of the partyorgan. have Iseretofo,e ,iot been owner-operato,i, or who, having If we enter into euch a relatiOnship, 2 contend It is pmoper ing the delarailon of courageous Governor Davey, ization. been owner-operators, have failed in that capacity. for the lending agenmay to exercise some Oupervlslon over of Ohio. the borrower. There. iflinediklely upon being assured of protectIonthe Have you forgotten what happened to the Democrats of I expect to Oiler the following amendment, which are men returned to their work, demonstrating, as I h*ve saidMinflesota in the last eanspalgn? Have you forgotten other calculated to promote the purpose of this bill: Mr. PITZPA'I'RICK. Does the gentleman's amemicti,ir,iL loyal Democratic candidates who were sacrifled by make it mandatory? before, that they do not weds to strike; that they aredrIven the Presi- Page 6, alter line 3, insert; Into strike, by the lawless violence of a ainaU minority. dent where his organjzatio thought it politically expedient? ill Os lii curt, form, and contain such provsaionn. conditions, Mr BEERMANN, I thing It does,Yes. May I not appeal to the Democratic Members of Already the signs point to a new DensocraLic leadership and limitations so may be necessary to assume that th. borrower Mr. VOORHIS. Will the gentleman yield? thisIn the Senate and House. wis conform so coolS foi'miog pescume sad Osathisda us in. Mr. BIER1mgANN. I yield to tile geiiUeniaii from Call- House to conalder the situation a, It exists today?And Sutr.sory may proscribe in ordsr that, durisg the 51st 6 ysafa fornia, When I say Democratic Members I mean Democratic Main. Sucked dry like an orange, having no more to yield,you the loan I. in effect, the borrowers mousse1 aperatian. ma be bees; I do not mean New Dealers. will be carelessly but deUberately tossed asideinto the sufficiently prostate as .5.111. him to arty out micvs.dufly Mr. VOORRI8. Has the gentleman considered time pIn- political gutter. iii.responsibitities of oeasutip and his usnd.rtakisga siad.e .iblllty in connection with Uiis advice and counsel. Whirls Many of you oat here In the last session.You heard that (lie loan Sgreemstt. Jonah'. shipmates tossed him overboard withno moors I feet Is moat Important, of allowing tile tenant certain most eloquent Member of the House front Alabama, Mr. disregard of consequen,cea than Page 4. line 5. alter "sot", insert "iem than M floe." Iiuddteston, make his remarkable plea for what he believed will the Administration Page 4. strIke nut 110.. 24 slid 25, and an page 6 sulke nut 1155. credits against the Indebtedness ii that ade ice Is followed? In be right and just, and you remember how, because he heave you gentlemen Out to sink or swimonly youwiU flnd I to I. iflrtinive. and irs.rt: Mr. BIRMANN. No; I have not eminsidered that, that. Instead of a rescuing whale, Jim Parley and hispolItical "ldi Provide ihit the borrower shall ant eoiuoitavliy assign, sail. Mr. WADSWORTH. That would be lending nimsre tiiami dared to oppose ihese fanatic, Who were advising the Presi- machine will be on your neck. or otherwise transfer the form, Or any ilulsrsei macruin, without 100 percent of the value. dent, he went down to defeat alter years ofcourageous. tile cosms.iit of the secretory, nail pzoeide thai span isroluntary patriotic service here Why not from this dsy oh make the lIght, not only for the tr,iumnler sr mis tu,a Secretory boy declare ins amount unpaid Mr. MITCHELL of Tennessee,Will the gemittm-iumorm 11,1,1' Now. uriake no mistake and do not deceIve principles of hue democracy but for your own political sal- isirnc'diatety due amid payshie Mr. BIERMANN. I yield to the geiiUm'iii.n frnis'l'v.i- yourselves. vation?After all, In ISIS, the voters will be the once who "il' i'ri,ii,im, that open aiaiet.cllsn of (ii. horrswem'. obligation. neasee. You gentlemen who have he courage to expressyour con- cut not 1cm ttismi 50 years alter the slaking st the loan. ii. shall Mr. MrI'CItEr,t. of 'l'inni'ssee wetiotis are marked for political slaughter. Jim Parley and pass upon your fate and they wUi have in mind the Presi- 50 entities is time tejai Ire. ci any entaia or pvspsrty interest r,- My rohicugu,' it a mmmcm. dent's assault upon the Supreme Cowl. upon our forni of i,sinrd by tile Secretary to secure the .atlgactioO of alt. wbibga. her of the coosnhlitee and I knm,w he Is cuisious immsm'mm,, the sote.buylng boys will get you U you do not watch out. government his approval of the nit-down nt.rtkei and of tinn" the farmers,I do not understand the gentlemami has in You may have thought In the pant that you werea part of lawlessness. Page 5. tIn. 5, brlsre tIme pevleii. insert a comma and the 1st'mhiud he would actually keep the man fioun alienating or the national administrationNothing in further from the lowing "esoept (blat the ilaol paysarot of any corn due absit nst Irutli, The people of iho UnIted State, will not quietly submitto selling thi, farm for a period of 20 years' You have been the bole, the errand boys, for the be an.eptsd ii time effeet ot .Sch anceptosor wasjd 5. to make Mr. BIEISMANN.Yes; eacetly. li,iilonoi admninlsirationOf all the llw which have been the wrecking of their Constitution, to the aooauitupon the lneffeotive the 3O.yesr limitation provided to parsgraph (di of integrity of the Supreme Court; to the destruction of their aubecotion ibi at this sec(isn" Mr. MITCHELL of Tennonsee.Would mmmi enacted since the President was electedprobably not a form of government. liundredlh part of the thought expressed Is The Sect of these amvndmcnt, provides that for the Sent age the idea of taking advantage of a (ioil'mmmmeii( l,.,im? your thought. Lei the President, John L. Lewis. and the C. I, 0. Mr. BIER,MANN. No; I do not think so, The gentleman from Texas told how Piekett'u menmade contInue 6 years after the arrangement has been made with the bcne- their glorious charge on the hill at Gettysburg. and, in on the course which they have marked Out, and you will have Sciary of the act he shall be given the advice of the Depart- Mi'. MITCHELL of Teuinensec I think It miomihd truth civU strife throughout the Union. Mr. BIERMANN. Mr. Chairman, Iwouimllevier tInt and in fact. history record, no Instance of greaterpatriot- ment and also a certain amount of supervision by the Dv- ism, greater courage, greater loyalty to The President has gone from an open and Willful dl,re- yIeld any more, as my remaining time is shm,rt. a leader, more self' gard of all of his campaign promises to a repudiation of parimont in order inst he may not only conduct his farm in vacrificing devotion his a farmerlike manlier but that he ahuill conduct it in a busi- It baa been pointed out here again and aSahi tills Oil,,- oath of oce and his obligation, to uphold the law, and this neoolike manner, noon that this legislation Is seine to Feuds ommiy a chu,all But in another way you gentlemen of the Southhave, he ha, done in order to obtain his objective, which fraction of the potential bi.',mellclarico. at k'oct f or during the past 4 years. Shown a loyalty to now I heard or read a statement many yearn ago which I have ii 1mw to that of Plckett'o men. You have lubmcrgeyour leader equalstands diaciosed as the domination of all industry and years.We can hand pick them,I would lIke to hmiimmd mmmli your mdl. commerce and the centralization of all functions of govern- had occasion to see proved again and again; That if a the kind of people who seriously want to make him's,' l.,immmm s'tdual opinions, You have followed blindly, ment in the executive department, milan were in the position of an employee until 40 year. of O,l ooseaeringiy the command, the nuggesu005,unhesitatingly their long-time homes, and not to enter into speeiit,, mmml of the Writers like Lawrence, Sullivan. Thompson, and Waiter age and then were to become an employer that the chances Thcre arc two things that have bonn of gcect dsmag,' I,, ill,, Prez.Ldt lit. are against his making a success,It does not foreclose his fanning buainesa H the United States, lit lash, I loSe mm You have watched with doubt and apprehension Llppniaon. and a host of editorial writers from the great success, but It Issaken the chances of success against him. many of Iwo of the bisgent ttem. One in the ut,, amid downs mm the limbos Which lie liao made, dailies of the eltleo to the country weeklies, have long been The beneficiarlu-. of this act will be of two classes; Tenants him,' In your mind, you have pointing out the end to which his course will lead, and long prices of the product, of the farnms.Tile otimm'r, Will, II (l'ic'.(ioned not only (tie legality but the aoundness who never owned a farm, or former owners who for one been nearly, it not quite, so damaging, policies which he advocated, of the have they been saying that they did not believe the Preoldent cause or another lost theIr farms, las bm'in ii li'mqms wa, aware of the inevitable results of his actions. I submit to tile commit. and downs of the price of the laud Itselfit wo' Im',iim' miii, N,'verttpleM you yielded obedience; you made theOght; tee that the chances are against these people paying a 100- bill as it is, a man may buy a farm today for $5i oii nOrm' you uphe'id his handa, This attitude wa, charitable, but It wü inaccurate and percent teen unless they have the most careful nupervlslon Implied that the President wa, a roan of small ioteUeetuai and advice. md U in d months he can get ill or 075 an sii'ie Immimile This amendment provides that during time flossfarm, under the bill as it is presently written heu,iy soil 6170 CONGRESSIONAL RECORDHOUSE JUNE 28 .1937 CONGRESSIONALRECORDHOUSE 6.171 vorable pcwltion as tenants than they would be as farm MrMOPE the farm and, of course, he wifl.Instead of getting a long- Both the speculator and the farmer have made a $500 Mr. Chairman, r yield 15 minutes to (lie gm- time owner operator of the farm who looks upon this farm profIt each on tire double transaction.But what hos hap- owners. liensan from New York lOSe. CVs,asal. as lila home and as his dwelling we have a speculator. pened to tire Oovcrnment's program of aiding the tenant By requIrIng the tenant who is to be financed to make a Mr. CULKI2'J.Mr. Chairman, althoughI am ulsiakring oil We want to recoil if we pass this bill and make It law farmer In becoming an owner?Obelousiy, It has failed. down payment of is percent. the Government will be saved a related subject, I ask unanimous consent to proc cii for The tenant purchaser whomthe Government started toward millions of dollars In poseible future losses and the tuiure 10 mInutes out of order. we are going to Let the Government Into the business of aucceaa of tOils program will be greatly enhanced,It will tlniann'nngthe purchase offarnis.The Government, In home ownership no ionger has a farm.The man who now The CMABqMAN,Is ihere objection to the request of he ti ci, becomes arsoriser iarsd buyer and each added buyerowns the turin may be another speculator or an absentee encourage thrift to make loans availably only to those ten- gentleman from New York? That iso bad thing,My amend- owner. He may, of course, be an operating farmer, but ants who are better able to purchase and assume the burden There was no oblectlon. lends to raise land liners. of financial responsalblUty of operating theIr own farms. And lien twill, as far as ihe beneficiaries of the act are con- even no. he has paid $4,000 f or a farm at opeculative levels cevrred. take the land the Government finances out of thewhIch, according to normal appraised value, Is worth only furthermore, by requIring tire 50 percent payment, the Pros- pecto are greater for the purchaser to eventually pay off the Mr. CULKIN. Mr. Cirinirrnan. tire genliemair frormr N,'iv vinci' ulaiioe cioso for 29 years at least.ft will make thIs $3,000. York lMr. SszLLl last week made reference to the Sad i,iialit tine benefit of permanent home owncrs. and that Unless there Is some kind of restriction In the mortgage Indebtedness due the Federal Government. or loan contract, which will prevent such a situation from This bill will not solve (be farm-tenant problem which Is of the dairymen in the North ann Northeast:'l'l,ns pim'mure sin,oini be the main purpose of the bill. be painted was not too pessimistic.The Anierlcan daIry- Mr LUCASWill the gentleman yieid? occuring, a Government program of this type will aid irs a result, rather than cause, of an economic maladjustment. its gregtest ad- U we could make farming profitable, the farm-tenant prob- man, be It said, is making a more important contriborloir to Mr BIERMANN.I yield is the gentleman from Itiinois. bringIng about an increase in land values, the health and weflare of the American people (iran arry If we take this man out of the speculative verse effect will be at times when speculation Is rife, and lem would Oolsw itself, Mr LUCAS. I have 32 countIes in my dIstrIct, which Is entirely of another type of farmer.Ife is making air essential cmirniriinu- class, we would permit his neighbors to speculate on their hence the program will be a direct Impetus to apecujative tiOfl to the physIcal growth and develoimnrcnt of Amom'm ic.ini farms and deprive him of any profit they might make on booms. agricultural nature. The State of Nebraska depends solely upon agriculture as it baa no natural resources other than childhood and youth.It Is lmrrportant to rr'nnrrnriim nInnii i've theirs? I Here the gavel fell I dayo when we are spending hundreds of millions 01 d.nilara Under this bill we are considerIng just Mr. DOXEY.Mr. Chairman. I yield 5 minutes to the fertIle uoll and water.Of the farmers irs my district. 40.3 Mr. BIERMANti percent ace tenants,I do not believe there Isbetter class on soil consersatlon that his Is the only 13 pe 01 larnitmrg (mit vine type of farm soil t wouid rather confine spy discussion gentleman from Nebraska (Mr. Covenni. Mr. Ctiairtnan. on a more worthy class of farnr tenants In the UnIted States conserves soIl fertility,Nor Is his any scssonai jab, Ilmi to that one type. Mr. COFFEE of Nebraska. title Iof works from dawn to dark 365 days of'the yearTIne as ins' Mr. LUCAS. Would not the gentleman consider a wind- this bill provides authority for the Secretary of Agriculture than you will find In Nebraska,They are not expecting. Iselther are they asking, the Federal Government to finance ments on lois property require bum to pay 990,000.000 amnrmu- fall tax, whereby we would take the profita on all f arms to loan $10,000,000 for the firot year. $25,000,000 the second ally in taxes.The dairymen of the Normh arid Enint ins. rather than take the profito on a single farm? year, and $50,000,000 the third year to farm tenants, farm the frill purchase price of a farm for them, They realize that annie limitation must be placed on Federal expendlturea spent $250,000,000 iii perfecilrng their herds arid in irrnsrli Mr BLERMANN. Yes.f would be Its favor of any kind laborers, and sharecroppers to purchase farms. While this the sanitary productIon and nrrai keting of milk lie cdirl'at. of practIcal legislation that would prevent or lessen opecula- to a large amount of money, It will be only a drop in the and that they will be called upon as taxpayers to repay their bucket In comparison to the amount that Would be re- share of the 30 blillOns dollaeo of bonds the Federal Govern- lila worth-while child and from this group Is rccrrrined (ii' ironifsfarm land. ment now owes, not to mention any further increases that American leadership In professions, science, art, and pmmiilic:.. May I say further ilsat the amendments I propose are quired to make farm owners out of all the farm tenants In Deaplte all (isis record of oervlce to tire NaliOn, hr lv tod,,t There may be Incurred,They realize the Federal Government precisely In line with the fiurdismgs of the Farm Tenancy this country, At present there are 2,000,000 tenants, cannot maintain Ifs atabllity In continuing indefinitely to threatened with social and economic extinelionIf prevent Committee whIch the President of the United States ap- are 40,000 people beIng added to this class annually.Aa- conditionS conttnue be and his will be scattered to ihe ionic self-sustaining farm would spend more than tts revenues. They are Snore Interested ponrated to investigate this problem, not only in thIs country atoning that the average cost of in legislation that wIll maintaIn fair prices on agrlcsItural wInds,and Use professIonals, exploiters, and ecornominlc par a- but in foreign countries.They have written a report In be 05,000and it runs much more than this in the North sIteswIllbe "inthesaddle." whicit they suggest what we should do In regard to this only 2,000 tenants in the United States could be financed commodItIes. problem of farm tenancy. aerri among the things use? pro- the first year, 5.000 (lie second year, and 10,000 the third Nebraska last year suffered a loss of $290,000,000 due to year. with $50,000,000 appropriated.In other wurda, the the drought.This is more titan one-half of the total lass The conditloni ofthe corn,cottorm,arid wtnm'att,iirini'r posed are these two ideas which I have embodied in the two sustained by all of the States in the recently flooded area of amendments. $50,000,000 would only take care of about one fourth of baa, an far as (heGovernmentcan do it,bc'err aided and those dropping into the tenant ciass every year. and it the Ohio Riven,In 1934 we ouflered a drought equally aspromoted. Buton the headof the dairyman haslahienin Mr. THOM.tViil the gentlenran yneid? severe, and the 2 years were the worst droughts in over 40 Mr BYERMANN.I yield to the centleman from Ohio. would provide a farm for only one of every 266 tenants and these troublesome times all the evils of an arronmarnt amid The $10,000,000 will years.In spIte of all this, Nebraska as a Stale has main- atUPtd bureaucracy. Thy orlgrisal A. A. A. inciurtm'd dairy Mr THOM.I am lii sympathy with the general object sharecroppers In the United Staim. tained its credit and is one of the few States In the Union rought io be atiained by tire gentleman from Iowa, but let provide loans to purchase onlyI(arm for every 1.430 products as one ofthebasiccommoduiles.tInder thr'urge tenants and sharecroppers, that has no bonded lndebtcdneaa,It baa no State Income of the late Rex TugweU, now gone to sweeter curirpiog us suppose this rn.siance: fIery Is a fansiiy who locates on a tax non State salestax.Nebraska balances its budget. farm aind the husband suddenly becomes an invalid and With 3,90f counties In the Untied States having 300 or grounds, Secretary Wallace's Initial object was to haroi.mer more farms each arid regarded by tire Agriculture Depart- When we do not have the money we do not spend it.Ithe dairyman by destroyIng the solidarity gained tlnrnmugh Ca, in it coint rare tile operation of the farm. commend Nebraska's record to you In chartlng the future SIr IJIE1tMAtIrJ Tire bill covers a r.livation of that kind ment as agricultural counties, itis evident that it would cooperaUve organizations.'Uris prn,redure tailed, bot Ii left require approximately $15,000,000 to finance only one ten- finsssciai policy of the Federal Osrvertiznerrt. the daIryman exhausted and with no govcrnomtntai rr'lnnc. inorertinersect,ori My anrendtnent would riot preclude Because of the great distress in the drought area, nehablll- itint.If a mail bceormlev an Invalid or iflie dies or If ant In eachof tireoc' agricultural counties intire United dies applIed to Iris deapers,ie condition. It is clearly evident that only a very small per- tatlon loans. so provided for In Utle U of thIs bull, have been soin,..'.'nr'een milling happens, there is a remedy provided. Stales, of great assistance In rehabilitating many worthy tenants. No sooner was tIne program mit of the way thin tile S... uM. You would have to have some discretion in centage of the tenants can be bencHed under this legisla- dairyman was placed on the altar of loreigni trade by the tion and that the vast majority, who might be lcd to believe In many cases a loan of a few hundred dollars has made it itie p'.rrni Board. possible for these rehablUtation clientsto become self- present scheme of trade agreenrents.(ii these agreenn.'nts Tire following is a simple illustration that a generous Federal Government will loan them money be. was sold over the Lakes and across the seas by (he br- Mr. BIERM.ANrL. If yOU are going sustaining on rented farms at less expense to Use Federal of what may happen in thousands of caaes If the credit and to purchase a farm, will be disappointed. Government than would have resulted had they been left eign trade policy of the admInIstration.Year by year this mortgage program as now proposed in H. R. 75112 is put to treat them all alike. it would require over $04,000,000,000 foreign encroachment on the market of the daIryman, both on the relIef rolls and to work on W. P. A. projects. rncreasurngin mm effect and the purchasers are aliowed to pay their debts to finance the purchase of farnis for all the tenants and from this continent and Europe, has ireern Obviously this cannot Under title III funds are authorized for tile purchase by Last year the shlpnment of dairy products no (lie to Use Government and seil the land at any time they desire,sharecroppers in the United States. the Government of submarginal land. This would be a con- votume, Let us assume that the reasonable appraised value of the be done. tlnuatlon of the preoent program and In many States adilt-United Stales from sources where oaniiary prodnmnhioniis fanon is $3,000, and that the Secretory secures the loan by Ursder the bill as it stands, thy Secretary is authonloed to entirely unknown, amounted to $16,102,954. The foregoing Such an unsound tlonal purchases are necomary to block together the tsar- facts are now history, and I nimerely review them m that the a first mortgage on the property which is to be amontixedloan 100 percent of the purchase prirr chases already made The oblective Is to retIre this Bib- wIthin 30 years. at 3-percent interest.Under ouch circwn- loaning policy by the Federal Government, In my judgment. marginal land from unprofitable crop production and toHouse may hare a picture of these rccent ycara, stances the annual paytsiCrit would be $153, a part of whirls cannot be jisntiflcd. turn It back to grau and Into grazIng and forest areas. In would be used to reduce the amount of the loan.Within 3 The serious question inroired is. Should She Federal Gun- parchaaIng this land the Government will have something The economic vise In which ilne dslrynnniri SoiL intmimnelliv years the tenant purchaser wouid have repaid the Govern- eminent embark on an unsound program that will in future to show for the money spent.It will help to relieve crop due to the fact that he has ber'ir unable to oiiislnn a lrvliic merit approalmaiely $195 on tire principal of the $3,000 years bring demands on Congress to appropriate billions of sarpiuses, especially In wheat. since In good years this mrb- prIce for hIs product.ThIs hiss net been hue to ovn'riiro- dollars for this purpose, or oliould we approach this problem marginal land helps to swell the price-depressIng surplus. ductlon. although at tImes tireIsrodnretlomn of dslry limed. Suppose now that land values have risen and a local real- with a more practical loaning policy that would In itself limit Twenty-five percent of the net revenue received by the Sec- uets just about balances the' national dernamsd.TIne tact is the number who might apply f or the benefits of this act? estate operator knows ihat he can sell this particular farm retory from the use of the land will be paId to the respec- that this marketing of dairy productv lvInn(inn'trill ofiii fin $4,000 Obvrcrssiy, he ran make a profit If lie can buy I propose to offer an amendment at the approprIate time to tive counties for school arid road purposes.This Is quite u,,r'estrahnied savage monopoly which renichr'sI,.;, rn.. In. (hr yarns far $3,500. Since the tenant purchaser agreed to sectton 3 (ai of title I, to provide that these loans shalt i.ot essential insomuch as a great deal of the taxable propertycaily every part of continental Amerleol'hlsnr,iniimii,iin' isryire Government $3000 for thc farm, and has actuafly be in excess of 90 percent of the value of Use farm.I do not In some counties has been or will be purchased by the Cloy- lo composed of the National I)alry Prodmiels C,ieini,ra pOut only $105 on the principal, it is obvious that he also contend that tIlls will make all the ioaiis sound. list it will be ernment under this program. whIch corporation. acUng in cotiabonstion sittss Ill" lli,rnimi Slav a chance tsnake a profit by seiting for $3,500.tf tie a great improvement over (he present provisiOns amathonllil'ig I am supporting tItles II, III. and IV of this bill, and I Co. and the Plymouth Cheese Board, of Plyonoinnir, Win, fix acn'epis ihe offer made by the real-estate deaier. lie can pay 100-percent ioans.ft is a mistake to encourage tenants to urge that title I be amended to hilt the loans to 90 per- wIth Inflexible certainty the amount tiist the dairy pro- the Oavcrermm'irt the baiacrce of $2,005 and bane left $09$ aaaume the burden of ownership beforc thcy are financially cent of the value of the farm tn order that we may approach ducer shalt get for isis product.Tirrne ouihii'n iimrldmite lii r,vii, of whirls 500 is clear profit. able to do uo. A great many lannners are in a far more 15- the farm-tenant problem on a eoutsder basIs.lApplause,I dairyman In the hollow of Useln hand, and, whIle these great 6172wateredcorporarl000 stock are and paying nriiiofls high to I.hell dlt'idends omcera on andtheir lobbytata very much In CONCRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSErobbingAntitrust tire Division American against dairyman these greedyblind. monopolisis who are I suggest to the Fed- JUNE 28 membernowthe191 Ambassador last of this potentate firsts, to Rassla of the and defunct Donald NRlehbeTg, P., who was CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE A.,, is likewise a dominatesmust be shown this NaUon. that organIzed The Cungren government and the end country the lawwiti 6173 erassalaries,Ufldorproducts. they gine the dairyman starvation prices for histo be an economJctire manipaiatiOns and social factor of these in America. profeasionals,I again will soon make bold to say that the dairyman, landcUe.Leavenworthstanderal same Trade not of upon lhe,seCommioslon prison. the criminal orderor some and of parasites theirotherthe Attorneygoing, convenient brhind but General gothe Federal at bars once that doml-of theyand Whitetruster"laiddentlal to House. occupychoiceextraordinary for the the position toSupreme the dIstInguIshed of Courtchief adviservacancy occupant andsOd "brainofis 00,the I am curIous to kilo, how much the Na- Mr. Richberg is arid to be the Prwsl- situatIon,Attorneywatch wiUi General interest and and time concern Federal Tradethe performance Commission ofin tillSthe tAppfause.I rouw.r150rcy mitt, alierolcipailyto eaflthrough yOiuor loony the attention Plymouth yesi-sThe is has lirot the Cheese been phaseprice-fixing going Exchange. of Ibis on performance crisninoiat Plymouth, monopoly which Wis.. prin..to which I wish I call the ofstroylltgdid these not enumerat, theparticipants dairysnats. moreMy in rcmarksthis In criminaldetail on the Ibis conspiracy, outfits questIon which would are mis. be Inconclusive if Let me briefly call the roll on sonic weregonearidtional foe Intocharacteristic what, 300Dairy communities Jmi'oducls of theThe lushand Corporationfact bydays Is Oppressive the of National thepays Stand.rd thisWethoda, Dairy firm Oil of Products which Co.,lawyers Corporation has fingercolleaguegenticmass on thisfrom didiculty Newfront (OregonMr. and Mr.PIERCE, eoloialned lMr. DOXEY, Ptxscxl. wiry Mr. wcChairman, have loins I yield 5 Diirote, I, Mr. YorkChairman, city congratsiatiorro to err lMr CoLIsj.i lIe toss put Is Docamegttnors.meetsConrrnorsmocs No.weekly OS. and made is Aprilmade up entirely of dealers and procew-The dontinaling influences on the boardof the are Rouse the Na- to the report of the Federal Trade tt appears that this Plymouth Exchange 30. 1926. and printed as Public nowtheyArxnour, showedtheyspin, andale but profitSengaged othersevenFirst, duringwell of in theirup thee,a the frontalinto ilk. lean aretime attack theyears hundred so-called on of titethe mllliotss, butterdepression "packer mar- kings", Swift and They tod not, neither do Just tlomsslProductsmadeIsbnbroke eternally bydown production, any Corporation the jury, in price a amid vise.a., structure appears onlythe statement use to front suchthe thisdairyusess thata percentagereport, the NaUonai wouldmd so of seemholds Dunisa- This Itsferencg of mine would be WaaswoasHl,the thistenancy.always Conimlltee. eloquent The real fromWe genttem*nreason havethe Speaker heardfor farm from eloquent oftenancy Newthis speechesllo,tse. York taos cor-sri from ft, the Ciosirtto.or of Mr. dayagreeof"packertional these a Darryonmeeting kings", Outfitsa price Producto Swiftof meetof the cheese & Corporation, board beforeCo., forand is the heldArmour followingallegedthe and Borden 0 the Co.market week. fiction TheCo.. The daysatellitesand of next bidsandthe speak,hadoleomargarIneket by their exploiting propaxamla in placetheTill manufactureon of your life-giving desks and butter. and sole Snow of syntheticwhereof I 000,ul,t caLmeD OH. TAtlosol, Dolly PloDeC'fl COaPOxaTsON You have all tOils10 come outfit, from the Up,Rind of andthe politicalhind with lawyers Use National who represent Dairy Products Corpo- Tim. loans naVy logwhichrectly his staled hechapter calls by onthe Mr. agrIculture, Rise Cutalmi,I hope of American youhe says: are Civiltatien.all familiar with Charles Bc-mci's id,1,,,y I, op. to rhee..epriceprIceoiostsiswrth thus nooffor and factoriesfixed cheese deliveriestheir the for yrrik 140 thefiordthroughout atis 000following goneasthe dairyI cheesehave through the weekfarmers stated. Unitedfactory bywith. whotOme States busedThe are criminal price deliveringottreceive the of monop- cheesgweckly a milk Dairyucts.istionsnow Products inThey controlwhich reach Corporation, haveof, IntoandPerhaps to every hasdo which withacquired nookthe the wasmost and marketrng by born colossalcorner purchase, in 2923, of ofoutfIt the dairy230 arid land, in organl. thisprod-is and fIeld Ia the National Slateafilliatesthisputties ISrationcompany foreign States, in of goonevery this Import., isas company. active.the wellbranch Borden asend Canada, ofI'hseyt theCo., dairya.z. whichinglaud, used, industry, 00w amid of controlscourse, lweden, to200 Inalit- whichown- I gall attention asahi to the foreign break down the price structure There ire UponSTOOPofit. mustlass lbs devalad prlmniur.at rosy man thathas to farm, finance, siwsysdxrlses tboraWhenlet barns ..nyeonsmsres,Ii. has lultensorosour se, dOvys.lwsys Speakerand .i4o'ared andI, Iron.every inds.rry,this nglrcattucr I.ella.if .,00,J] ternoon wheco so oiltilr.niisn vloqucntty han troiri Ioa'.5 nsf lth trrrtie ,,irr.oe'loen ,,'o,.,.i, I'milk000th, piants Wit.,in the is l,lnited atnThere large the States,Chicagoare factor 100.000 and ntitkshed the faemeru price at leasttheydelivering 20,000receive milk dairy toi evaporated farmerson a forinoia are in which the price of cheese at Ply- duringtrIes.foreignProductsIflefor The 1935 goodSpeakercompetition, report 45measure,Corporation omcers ofof thethe they housesoFederal and received havethey executives on mayTradeplants September in give excess Cmnnsiiblon.in of theeight the of30.American National$15,000foreign 1036. filcd shows noun- dairymaneach,Dairy with andthat spreadespeciallythurto morethe between W. concentrateddairyman. Milbuns, than erhat a osililonreceIves theThe in producer Dogsurface dollars $95,000 metropolitan gets miarlesa year, aamid year. ofareas,the this farmer whereoutfit gets amountthe Is The presIdent. Ar- This company Is knownthe lollthosetheCavaliers, wonderfactconditIons people that thewhy followingwho inbest they Aiabantaare blood hadthe the descendants 1051Revolutionary ofand America. theirdescribed heritage vf I tim.,couldWoe lime ituguenots thr r'otrdlilnrnot to,' it, .1ii, sod It Is 5 silt f .3riirerrng9cneraiiybyconsiderationthey the are m,ia"packer paidthere for for Staidthe arekit,0s" their 2,000.000price purposes andnmriic of theircheese additionalon in associates.thea formula at city Plymouth, dairymen of Chicago,which whose Wia,takea and fixed ceo- into In the Nation annually,salaryannually.The thataverage of the $206,000;andThe local salaryI... president A. salaries Von ofJ. theseL. Boniel. of Krait,of this ntenthis ofancompany grs,up camethe offIcer, SimeSeld toamounted received morereceIved Farms,than Ia in $75,000 $26,000 01,129000.annual a sub- ruptIlitually.thisthebttle Federalcompanyamid abort The oppressIve, of Trade methods murderous.is acting Commission OfIn violationthis The company correspondenceestablished of lOse are atttitruat con-Iusivelynotoriously printed act con- cor-thatby They maint,aln lavish suItes at Use theirdidbyincreasedMirsisslppistrIp thethe oflands? acquisitionlanddescendants Riverby on the earth and Louisianaof wasofTexasfront these from the and PurchaseCaoatirrs Lakesthe tIre AIit'gherrmes grratto thesnd irid Northwest. Guif, ltagu,'rorti,entei,d,'d wcmt met, ru'atdtoWhy triertoe the country.itpricencrnic affects of Itfe either isthe threatened wholebutter,The pricecheese, byprice this structure of brazenor milk fluid producl.s procedurC. milkin cocci is beaten Ispart Interdependent, ofdown. the When the It affects the well-being and security of every an annmsaiItbonusesappearedaldisry is safe of salary andto ontire say paper, fromNational of that $60,000. other butthey Dairydoubtless sources disburse These Products amounted thewere annuaily amount Corporation,the salaries tofor tisey as lobbyists much received which received more. and in history.thumb.istvarious pointed capitals out andto Theyou, you foregoing canHe usuallyalways is treehave sticks of tOte the Up BordenNaUotrgi like a lobby-sore Dairy Products Cor- Last year the Borden profits were the best in II,, bycoinsrierce. thetheiesiiy gentleman group describedon and that Industry Irons livesFarm accounl New onwho.tenancy the York. today, offarm Isthe a hsoe as groupxynsptom. described borne dev,,,.d rI,00v,r It Isso to, not fltvr000r'.uio,,, the riasrave For tire very ri-anon ilsat Board so g,'oi,h- 'tog torro lip A ton Otmastlsoidingecu-beingesiatudairyman at complete thisPiymooth.in of time greata great Natrots.serfdom. armyWiu, mass aof criminalof dairy our people,producers coflspri'acy which in against ais, state in fact, the of And so I chargeThe today Federal that Tyudethere Commission goingandtheyersentertainment common over depressionmis highthe i,tock. hillas $5,000,000.in tothey thisvarious the paidat poorhouse. a Statetimeliberal wisers capitals dividends time and dairymanon for their political preferred was law- All through the years and through This quasi criminal slon.offerredfore,poration. Messrs. Their slack Lest Davis nethad yearprofit, been andI theirhave deducted,alter#.,era Income great charges of the amountedConfidence was Federal and higher dividends to Trade $13.000,35236,ifs than the Co,nmls- everon IntegrIty pre- be- and high ablilt,, respectceuae.pain,lookedweeks he to put moeagofarm me Iover, hadtenancy. on an a acutetable, prmimi cut me let open, my side. found our tire removed It, and liethis did is 1101 what give we meshould medicine do tooth a) ktli urn Wirat has caused it? 'l'ite pioyi,tn permitchargeexecutivehas made this of enforcingbranch repeaiedeconomic of the ourfindings homicide AzrUtruslGooernment on to this goAd on question,doand withoutnot those function. and hindrance.oflictais yet They the in otherInoutfit direct hasdistributors coitusiona strangichoid in withfixIngI charge onBorden. the the price milksiseda that Ihe paIdthe "packer National to of the the kings",producer. country. Dairy andProduct., Corporation is tnt runcTIoT OP till flD5lsL vsoai 0000lssson ampeople,bannereraldelighted calling Trade for when toCommission,real the thelaw Stlention President eniorcensgnt for at I theappointedbiew country in they the themwould interestsamid to thecarry the ofCom- Fed- the Ttsey were formerI have Members not lost myof Use confidence House. in these mers, I wasBut I underCsmmltteedescribed,thing that ConsideratIon our of colleague the ftWhole' surely Is from no Rouse cure IsNew not forYork tonecessary the the itmas farnr fact so lrrsiolenithat gr,mpi,re;riiyto callthis 5ththe atientioti of the Tire t'.'ty rnoftwutuitFederal retterales 11501the cheese, Piyssiuuth. Trade milk former to whichConrnriroion. dairymen, Wis,I isrelerflndtngs, also Cheese wasthe the made Membersfloedbasisand Exchange in statesbyofSeptember detercriiningthe ol gatesbythat the a usbsidlary the1936.offersHouse the price where madeprice to ofof the report of the Slatesbody?regardTradeUes Com,nis.sion engineersfo, of thethis Federaloutfit, In in Iheirtire ITrade have various loyally beenCotnmisolon muiksheds sod carefuiiy devotion asisthrough ato tofact-findIng the the theactivi- pub- findmngs of the FederalI have been inclined to dlss them with the United May I say that I have always had a high tImedoingIsmulksh.dsmission Concerned country. that th, Iforegoingwhere speak wtll oothe for longerfacts Nationalth, dairymenand be hope perfunctoryDairy thatof Prn4ucts my investIgatIons districtor casuji. Cpogjon and of Not long sInce the pemimient of the Dairy- In reachingmustmoregesture,wlU be. than net actionmet aevenThe 5154century quite farm scratch Solved unilkc problemand the by oura some half surface,emergencyIs a In seriousmubslantlorl the This flaking legislation, one farm which but ishas a bintIre s,ud Snot. II for.'n.e It ucuiiydocsgryCorpnraiion,Swift of not&flOe arises Co.. hate 'Anlmour a jurisdictionassubsidiarysabsidlary to Co. whether 00crof of the the orthis Borden notNational question, they Co. Dairycatted andthe queryaProduct,, Itoribsidi- to nat-the If the Federal Tpade Commission missIon,liveitsreading conclusions ticup aeroice. totheIr the report. highare of traditions ten mere ofsurface the Federal findIngs. Trade Corn. Reading between the linesBut it IIi confess apparent a feelingto me of dlsappointnsent In In some respects It is haphazard, and ft does not Sexauergendatheman's 11151attenttoms League to knew forc,dealers in whereoffarmersof New theaspect, Yorkdailymen lieto theoughSt&ts.protect of Mr. Nwcoercion,dealers' Fred York A. Stat.Interests,threat,,Sweatier, to themod called fact props. spoke. There is a new milk la, Mr. problemscommerce,equIvalentincomedustryAteylcan or for he faritserconfronting labor to FinnwIll thaI sink amidtenants'7must which to theInvestment reallypeasantry. ismen is Ihe benot and rewardput evenand By women on "parity",resultant onea in parity Industry whoof theI mm,eots productsw,ti..rc urujor pro-sed In- CommissionirllenitaflIand makr set Of bold lire has /ltiorney to Kong caii upon toOcnerai'a the the well Federal 0111cc.on this Tradeand made Commission findings, to n March 2, cir.rst'.this year. which the only promised further investigation. onrnsiUlon gent out a Three times this reportBordentry,that andmonopoly that arethe these inNitlonal command,exists outfits DairyinIt mostappears,have Products ofdivided the too, milkaiiedo CorporatIon upfrom the the various of eoresitormdence the and coun-nolk- tile set forth in lIre Coosaslasioninvitedeavortheviouslyin New National that itYorkto Is tabssituation lOseDaIry 8tate. and the intention askProducts lawboris to that theIn of theirtheyof attentionCorporationSiltation these goown into monopolistic bands.and of action andthe distrust, BordessaFederal On it, outfits and Trade toob- likeen. I particularly tenants.withoutacresuponducing whichof the landcost, food Industry were to and the gIven fiber ancestorsthrives, uponby the which Qosenrmnerot. of many America of theis practto'oiiyliving. precrttt snd CocidiUons that made tenants of them, lnivsd MiUlorns upon millIons cf playSings"pursue the I alt nd this power the inquIry other 01 lawtorobber Its enforcement logical batons, conclusion who against are, inandthe fact, "packerto desizoy-caU into pricesheds the ilk. dairyman capUve provincesgets for his amid product. have thus regulated the This question is. Of In conclusloo let me stat, the condltiong I have de- ew sanss lamer, bill,rgctedOX landowners, by thi5 bill, are nor still can her,. they be changed by any snriiorrTenancy conditions are very diffee,nt in sections These conditions are runi rr,r- 1 mendedInlog the one field of and the of adsarred rOost crrminsi-law essgnUai byI likewise me, enforcemeistandto turn call worth-while loose upon thethe is farm 0-mengreatly Attorney groups. OX corn- General,his Whose record ms sorT Ge nas aflossle, sZaxuaJ, ardamots,missIon.Marshaleration.course.Products infinitelyParley butWe lawyers, theCQrporauofs,aU baa storyknowmore placedare Is theimportant the rife, firstsIsIs attorneys and hand of than willDavIes. on forisotany the the down,Birslckstagpartisan National of thatKmthe consid- Coin-Rich-FieldDairy Joseph B. Davies. of this firm, is logperformance,have concernscrIbedthese their explolteogbacks arepublic The a to legalchallenge health the and esachinexy and lb. to aUwis organisedvast Is isnumber adeqisat, ouw government, rip, of for dairymagswhen who iil by reason of this mpehistIs se*$in- They Ismidstofindnanings,Our ha begasise gessnisy,a agood hose avoiding Lame theyOX peoosga, makefor tea., rent, more and The moneyinterest, assna and legislation have full cannotuse of be In my section, good farmers prefer to erie in some seclione lenancy seems It Is now hard 10 S 1937 CONGRESSIONALRECORD-HOUSE ' 6-175 6-174 CONGRESSIONALRECORD-HOUSE JUNE 28 Many of the farmers wIll be obliged to market their crop at of tIme untIl this., oblIgations become so oppressIve and the curotive In sfl silustlons, The Committee on Agriculture offit the tenanl,s into the picture.I ihink that was the height each year is so large Iii.it the Ilouse spent over 12 weeks, silting almost every day, con- of folly, especially for the West.I have no accusations to fl or 80 cents a bushel, which will leave very ansall margInannual contrIbutIon for totes' sidering practically nothing but fat-rn tenancy.It was themake and no time to state the fears espressed to me but of profit, if any,That leads me to the conclusion that thereii cannot be paId. The farmer, being th. uitlm,te cocislanvr longest discussIon of one please of the farm situation thathow easy It would be for certaIn people or companies owning must be some leiiislatiOn wiping out the speculation In grains. and low business requIring borrowed money, laIrs a position has o,.ëurred in that commiltee since I Dave been a member tracl,s of arid to make the proper showIng to certain ofilcials During the yearr of the World War I was a large producerto bear the brunt, He takes the heavy load resulting from mu. We had a get, firm market in Chicagothese interest charges above and beyond the Increase of of Ii. arid to secure from them the sair of their lands to the GOv. of wheat in Or' ernnieni. How easily the worn-out, valueless, heavily eroded at that time. fthe gamblers were not buying or selling. wealth. No Interest beyond tile Increase of wealthhuOuiid be Wink' I do not consider the problem a major one, never-land could be sold to tile Government for real money and They were not allowed to operate under the law.I took charged or collected on long-tIssue oblIgations. The one who useless, since farni tenancy increases year by year, itis a then unloaded on a poor teruusrul. eOmlsvlled to assume the chances when I planted my wheat on the quanUty of the cootrtbutes only his money and demands lOO-pereemat st-cite- nailer of concern and ohould be otudsed.It will continue, burden f or repaying his "paternal" Government, The poor crop, but I knew the price I was going to get for II whenIty and takes none of the risks of the business should juicily in spite of all the bills of this class we may pass.Major fellow might be bilked by the very Government that was pre- it was ready for the market. Those were the S moat happyreceive only the amount that would approsimate the in- problems facing agrirulLure should first be correctly solved.tending to help him.There might tuave been very Crest years of my life in the fanning IgsduaLry. The Governmentcrease of wealth which is usually calculated at about 2 luer- There are two Iheorles advanced for corrective legislation danger of fraud- or charges and slssplcion contaminating had ftaed the price at coat with a reasonable margin ofcent a year. profit,Ever since I have wondered why II such lawa can be I deeply regret the refusal of thIs admlnlstrstlon to evict on the form.tenant problem, and each was forcefully pre- every movement of such a plan for solving the tenant prob- passed and enlorced in times of war they will not serve In sented byl.a proponents whO appeared before the Committee hem.I am glad that system was not adopted. In holding the reduction of interest In the Federal lund itsink on AgricultureThe one pressed hardest was the plan by I di'eaded such resull,5 more than I feared the situation times of peace?Speculation to farm products Is the firstto 3/. percent for another year.I realize the fact th.it the which ihe Government would buy trade of land in tenant piclured by our colleague from lows, and Others, that the and major farm problem. Federal land bank has several millioUs in outstanding bu,u,do sections and resell farms to selected tenants. The originalfarm tenant, after buying a place with Government help, which are drawIng4percent and more Interest, anti nuo'.t Idea W55 10 invest 8100000,000 a year for 10 years, or a totalwould sell the land when he could snake a few dollars, We Another problem, and one that seems to grow worse with of these bonds are not yet callable.The farmers of tautly of $l,000.000,000 to is. provided by the Government for the ought not to prevent the tenant, who tsss struggled througis the years, is that of taxe.s, wlslcls are just the same whettlec ought not In pay for the governmental mistakes of yessusuduty. ooluison of this minor problem. This parallels the Russian years without any margin of profit, from realizIng a little the fanner ha. a good year or a bad sue, whether prices are I cannot see now, and never could see, any justuflesliomi in system, making Ihe Government a superlandlord.It would profit of his own.I. for one, would not blame him when ho hIgh or low.The farmer's possessIons out to plaIn sight arerequiring the borrower to Invest 5 percent of the snioiurus have been a great help to those who have found themselves can have 81.000 In the clear, or whatever Ise may think suf- tangIble and the assessor has gso dimculty In findIng them.of his loan In stock In the loaning assocIationThe soot: In possession of enormous holdings of land of little value,ficIent, If he should sell ills farm to another.I gee no harm He can see livestock and land and all the machInery that exacUon Is made from the producer who u.s obliged ho borrow I doubt if It would have helped the small fanner.This planlss allowing the farmer to be a free agent. the fanner has. The assessor iixea the value, and 115.through the Crop Production AssocIatIon.I never have conieniplated the supervision of the tenants from the bun-. ra5H pates, use? as eTssiL,00s farmer pays on a hIgher percentage of value thass any otherbeen able In obtaIn figures from the Farm Credit Aulmimi' lull of oIl sussulam on agriculture, namely, Washington. D.C. The real difficulty of tIle whole agriculiural situation will taxpayer.All government actIvities grow more espensivetstratlon as to what porlion of that 5 percent esaeied fiomuu 1i,id reaul,stions been adopted siosliar to those used in not be even remotely sifecled by the passage and cnloree- year by year.The merchant must ask a little more for 1515 borrowers Is lost through bad loans, but my ote-ers suds I,, Rrsetllrnicnt, the tenant would have been obliged to secure ment of this bill.Among the farmers' serIous problems I goods that the fanner has to buy because he, too, pays morethat the lass of thIs stock Is 100 percent to muny borrolei'rs. approval Irons the National Capitol for every Improvementwould list first the Uncertainty of price for his producls, tales.PaInters' mowers, respers, or binders coat more be- ThIs I. not the fault of the farmer but of the method Thu pluuusned intl for each building that tse wished to construct. When he plants a field of corn or an acre of wheat I he cause that merchant haS to pay the extra charges.In otherresult is that many who borrow money onarid fiosu IllS 11ue,e , Were based on the assumption that Governmentfarmer has to tske all chaliceS on weather ConditIons that words, the extra high taxes In city, county, State and Federal Government at4percent pay more than 5 pi'r.'eiit would supply, as leaders or preceptors. men of perfect judg-may ruin tile crop at any time from plantIng to harvest; Nation are passed on to the man who cannot puss themfor that money. Those who object to the reduced lists u'i'st ment and yule practical k.ruowled.ge. My observaUOn leadsand then, when the product is ready for the msrketo, he is onthu farmer, He goes ahead and does not and cannotrate never mention the b-percent forced ineestnicnt. me to suggest that men a,,d women engaged in advisingoblIged to sell It in competition with the sane product from question the price of anything, neither that which he buys I know the Farm Credit Ailnuinlsiration eouieiauuliy i.ss.sC5 olhers should first qualify themselves by successfully operat-all tIle leading Countries of the world,Especially is this true nor whst he sells.An Investigation of the trusts which newspaper releases showing tue larc sruuoumitssuftutu, ing under similar conditIons. of wheat. Somebody has sold the farmer is a gambler; In- make farm machinery has been too long delayed. Why loaned farmers through various governns.'uital agezit lea I One Idea discussed at great length, incorporated in somedeed, I know of no one who lakes bigger chances than the dues Governnlent permIt these prices to soar? have no way of composIng these figures with the ui,uouinls of the prInts of Ihe bill, was that the tenant should not bewheat fanner. with smaller opportunity to make a winning. Recently I made a study of the coal of electricity to con- lent by all agencies prior to 1559.I daresay. if flu.'ueu'su euiuilui allowed to sell the land once he entered the "service" andI can see no solution for the future escept some sort of fiord sismers, comparing Portland and Tacoma.I ascertained be secured, it would be found that the snioiirit lent iiieuiisutui made payments thereon, untIl many years had pasocd.and guaranteed price.I do not know that the country Is that the city of Portland pays about 85.000.000 a year moreIhe Production Crcdit Corporation aiid tileF,ieiusCru-dut Those also proposed this kind of treatment acted upon the ready for It; I do not know ihat it coUld be enforced even if than It would pay If It had a publIcly owned plant operated AdminIstration Is Only a small percrmuiago of tue uuiluooiuLu theory that tenantry had been brought about by the care-we enacted It Into law; but certainly from ocean to ocean like that In Tacoma. Those $5,000,000 are paid by the leanedto farmers by banks, insumance coropauuit's,amid lessness of the Ictuants; that they had not kept their land, and In every meetIng of groups where farmers' problems are citizens and businessmen of Portland. The merchants ofprIvate Individuals prior to the catasiropluc of 1929'Ilie had wasted it and what it had produced. The facts are that discussed, the question of a reasonable price foe leading agri- Portland collect them from their customers, some of whomGovernment, through Its lending agencies, has nuade rules tenentry has groan, and will continue to grow, from causes cultural products should be under discussion. The 12 weeks are the farmers, who pay much of that $5,000,000 in In- so stringent, and the demand for securilues so server,liii that cannot be Corrected by the tenani. spent on the form-tenant bill, I think, could hove been betier creased coats of what they buy, and lowered prices of what many who would like to secure farmloans have bet-ui siuiuuiui.l devoted to Consideration of the problem of prices ols leading they sell. to do so.Many a farmer who would iike Ii, mum'g,itiati- a lu,aii A substitute 1,111 was offered providing for a Governmentfarm products thaiu so many hours spent attemnptijig to get Several years ago, when Oovu'rnor of the State, I started through the Crop Production A,ssociiutlonisuiiObiu'Lu, get lose (lund for those who wanted to buy land and become the Government info the real-estate business by purcIiasis a campaign to remove all Stale tales frons real estate by It because he cannot meet the severe conditiuuuus coasted by subatituUng Income and other taxes; I met with many dIifl- landlords.This bill, now pending before this House, is alarge tracts for the purpose of settling tenants thereon. the Governnsent. Ibelieve ihe 000erflmiiemutstiujimki1150 culties,I am delighted to note that now, some 15 yeas's compromise bill and provides that 810,000.000 for the fIrst later, the goal toward whIch I sU'usgled In the years goneevery force and power aviuilabic to keep farnu iiutercsi uuIus year ins, be loaned under certain conditions to tenants The ever-normal granary Is not an idle dream; Itis down, and Ihere are plenty of powers availuuilli' if tluey sire selected by the Department of Agriculture which II given by has been reached and Oregon levies no taxes upon real Si, I name that as another cciii fusruim iii sUit-lit a uul,'!i suggestion worlhy of the most careful study,There should property for the maintenance of State governssselst.Real used. the unrestricted right to acquire the lands for the experI-be held in Uils country, at all times, sufficient products, like property should pay a reasonable tax, but much of the es-Is not even seriously considemed at slits timu', amid tiiuuuiuiiu ment. The second year $25,000,000 to be devoted to suchwhcat, to carry us over any reasonable period of crop failure. thIs bill. espendiiures. and the third year fIfty millions.There are tuense of city and county governments should come from Wheat, corn, rice, nd other products of this nature hind sources other than real estate. flasaevisvsemvs COST, 5 r.o,uuJM about 3,200 counties In the United States; It is safe to saythemaetoes easily to storage and can be Carried over from 'Fransportatlon is another evce.presruitfli tillmuiiI,,Its.: that portions of this money will be desIred by nearly 3,000year to year for a reasonable length of time.The plan Another ever-present problem on a farm is Interest.I average farmer, The wisest regions of mIte West ale siuiuject counties.This would provide one farm of $3,000 In valuewould aid materially in WipIng out the agricultural depres- to an esceaslvely hIgh toil from transportation line, whicil for some one lucky tenant who wants to become a land-sions and levelling down the high spots. When the farmers have spoken so often in the last 5 years on the floor of thismove time wheat from local warehouses to nulils and aster owner in each of the 3,000 counties, provided the money Isof the Pacific Northwest harvested their crop in the fall of House on the subject of Ituterest rates, that probably thereterminal., When the World War was on, ficight rstu'c wceo equitahly distributed.It is like tryIng to dip up the ocean1938, all Creditors immediately eonssnenevd to push hard for Is nothing new to be added.I do desire again to emphasir.eon an average of about 50 percent less tDa.0 they are today. with a bucket; it wilt not make cods an impression, it will be their money. Wheat at that time was about 60 cents a my belief that Interest, unconscionably higls interest, IsFormerly, before the war, 1 could ship a hosimel of wheat dilllcuit to admJnister such an act impartially and to thebushel at local stations.Many of the farmers, perhaps largely the cause of our dimcuities today. Our capitalIstIcfrom psy ranch to tIdewater for $ centsThose ratm'h.ioe satisfactIon of the poor farmers.Nest year there wIll bemost of them, were obliged to sell.Wheat later in the fall system, which has developed ouch a Useful, valuable, pleas- ant civIlization, Is based on Interest higher than the Increase been advanced at diflerent tinies until tod.ty it eOsis 00cr $25,000,000 to spend, that wUl be two and one-half farms and early winter went up above the dollar mark at the locuul 15 cents a bi,shel. in each county, and the third year it will be five I arms to astations,That rise of 40 to 50 cents dId many of the pro- of wealth.It is such a cancerous, deep-seated growth that county at a valuation of $3,000.The facto of the case are, the only way the present capitalistic cIvilization can survive The Interstate Commerce CommIssIon is siiiuiuOs,-iI tutu. ducers no goodtt was money made by the speculators. t'e Tfii'ycm'in to is'iu,ii-- that inmost of lie Pacific Northwest and much of the North,warehouse men, who had been able to buy of tjse distre.,scd Is occasional periods of depression In which large amountstably to adjust transportation rates. not very much of a farm can be purchased for $3,000.Still fanner and hold for the higher prices.For several weeks, of capitalization are wiped out by repudiation and coniposi- vinced that their chief duty Is to recoghuilC a elite u.u'Iuiiilul.i I believe that It Is best to pass the bill and stop the clamor flow, in the leading markets of the United States, the price Uons.Business startsup agaIn and goes on until Interest sumciemttly hIghto earn money to pay inicrest slid sun- more brought Its evilreSults,antIanotherdepres-dessds upon Inflated valuatIons,It has been esiii,aueui that for this type of legislation. has ranged around $1.10 to $1.30 a bushel, bringing to the lisaonce if the water could be squeezed out of the sleek and bonds of o.sIcrssNe to vis, anuS farmer something like 90 cents to a dollar.Should the full sIon follows.Inother words,the depressioncycle seemsto crop mature, as we now have In prospect, again there will be be a pact 01 Use economic system, for whets obligations 'traythe trgflsport5tlots lines, fretght rates could be reducvd by I am free to admit that I opposed the first bills for the one-tInted. (aos'erlainent's purchasing traCl.e of land, and then tryIng to a depression In prIces, unless some unloreagcfl event OcCurs- Interest beyond the Increas, of wealth It Is only a question 6476 CONGRESSIONALRECORD-HOUSE JUNE 28 1937 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE On October 10. 1930, the PresIdent, In a tpcech 6477 I have set forih briefly what aeem to me to be the real In Omaha, Nebr., saId: delIvered the rural areas of our country who are not able to scratch ariil peoblemsI have done thIs to explain why I think program, whIch wIll make the tenant,.' climb to owlmersj'iip the pending bUi will be of very little value. It I. a tuvther pu's of our long'iimv turns policy to attnck Out even a bare eulstence on amail and Iisferule farms and easIer and theIr security more certain. Those few who evil ad tons tenancyin this we hal.. Otreody made a good beghi.tile In area, which liar. been devastated by floods and drought receive the preferential benefits will have to struggle along ning with 1.5cr inteersi rate. and hotter prices Matsy of these tenants have once ksiown and enjoyed ilie legislation We ace prepurilig and erosion; those on the hIllsides and on the ragged edge pride of ownersisJp but, due to no fault of UlcEr own, wire Under the same handicaps now niakiiig farming difficult and in casperntlsn With farces leader.to submit to the of swamp land, far from the stream of commerce and the hazardous. COngre.a in January In help salvo tOt, problem Weeauin,t a. a forced to fall bsck Into tenancy,If our system Ia improved Nation, be cofltevi'Iii we ha.. reached the uiiistats sbjcetiv. of eyes of the world.I am not a,fm'ald that amid the conflict.. and .grlcemlture In made profitable, these ms'n slid w,,oieit I sincerely hope sonic farm legislation of real value and avery faint tae.tiiy u.-i.iug its ova iaat and bewllderments of the world In which we live that the widrvprea4 benefit can be oltered this body.When this wW again take their proper pieces In AmerIcan life,Wv bill pa,,ses and becomes a low, I hope lbal the result will be After the election, on January 0, 1937, the President deliv- Democratic Party and IL. Ieedcr.lsip will forget the destI- must, therefore, Improve and perfcct Use system under bevelti,ial I would be sorry Indeed to learn that Ibis Is ered before a joint session of the two Houses 01 Congress his tution and poverly of those who are helpless to help them. which they are to labor and give them alinther clisnce to annual mmsage. In which he ntated; eelve. In the rural srctiona of this great country, but, on the prove their real worth, We niust expand our foreign troiie uttered and pressed fur pasuaue to still the demand for real Other hand. I believe that It wIll reach out the strong arm farm legislailon,This Oct cannot justlybe calledthe There are Iar'reneiilvg peoblels, cliii with 'is tue whIch densoc. of this Government to and develop our domestic markets, and give to those Who Foriii Security Act of 1931" That Is a misnomer. The racy must gild aulusioel. if lila to cslteldci iloelt successfUl lift them from theIr submergedlabor In the field a degree of security yet Unknown,This lict covers only a very small portion of a broad field, And further bald: InsecurIty and dire destItution and take them f rum sub-must be done If we are to check the growth of tenancy and Farm nrargllsaj lands and aid them In reaching the goal of every security legislation has not yet come before this orsalon, Poe esaieiple, many rhtiiiofl., of Amertcuvi .tiii live Is habItations save those who are now fighting to hold i,vto I,hetr facto lAppiau'ie I ahich not only tail to provide the physical heneflr,a of modern, true American farmerthat of obtainIng and owning a farmhome., Many of ow' landlords are now oiiiy tenants, inort- Mr. IIOPE cIvilIzatIon but breed disease and impnie lha health of futur, borne upon whIch he and hi, family may earn a livelIhood gagois In possession, working for those who hold elmcum- Mr. Chairman. I yield such time as he may generation.., Thu menace eei.i. not snip In the alOes aces. 51 the and enjoy caine of the blessIng, of modern lIfe.ThI. ad- desire to the gentleman from Pennsylvania iMr, Ksszasj. seey larg, cities, but lv maeiy smaller cities a. welt, brances upon their farm.The plight of the AmerIcan it eslete On ministration possesses the power and the capacity for sen- farmer is a challenge to our statesmanship When our great Mr. KINZER. Mr. Chairman, I do not believe much argu- teas ad thouaaad. ad rain.. in varying degrer's, in eveey part of ina sible decision arid quick acUoms. ment is needed 10 impress ihe membership not only wiih the Country While we may not hope President poInted out that one-third of our population is Anuther essmple I. the prrvatencs ut an un.Aaserionn type of for an Immediate solutIon of the problem with which weill-clothed. III'frd. and ill-housed, surely he had In mild desirubilily but the necessity for making aome approach tciiant horningI do not .uggeas that every farm family ban thu are now dettlliig. at Iea.t, we must take this step to bring to the problem here presented, capacity to eons a satislactory living on its own fnem, But many that large group of our citizens who are poverty-stricken I am In entire agreement with Ihe gentleman from Ne- thou..nd. of tenant tars,ee.lndeeuj mOet Of thern-.WIth lam. hglp and hope to those who have In the past been forgotten, upon the forms, of our Nation.In May 1935 spprooiniately flnnnolai aal.ianes asd with aumn advice and teaming, run be WhIle the amount hereIn authorized to be appropriated 1.000,000 rural families were on relIef braskaMe. Corroot when he expressed hI, judgment wIth mad. mtf.as,ppovting on land which vail eventually belong to tans., If we asoussse that respect to the provision of the bdl provIdIng for the lending The Nation would be WI.. ho 00cc them that Chance in.t.ad ad I. wholly Inadequate. It will at least elIminate In some de. there are 5 In the average family, we have the spectacle of of Government money up to the full value of the land psi.- permitiing theist to go alung a. they du new. peae altec yen,, gree the poverty and economIc Insecurity of a vital part of 5,000,800 people from the f seat, of AmerIca forced to sccrpt with neitbee tutur. eeeuritp a. teaajsr.a sm hope of ownenrilp of our populatloy public cisasity. chased by the tenant farmer, who Is the man sought to be their homes nor espeetasioa of b.tieeing time ion of their cbudrs, benefited.I have always thought that when you lent the I am sure that no one would auggost that thi. I, a uolu- Even If we go back to 1929 there were about 398000 farm full price, It was not a loan any more, but a uale, and U we The figures In the 1935 census of agriculture show that tlon of the problem whIch today faces these destitute ruralfasnllieu In toil, country which had a total cross income of are to follow the suggestIon laId down by the Speaker, as there are approolmaf,ely 2.865,000 tenant farmer, In the people, yet at the same tIssue It Ian Important part of aleu than $250 I or a year. This Included the products which United State., weli-roded program for agriculture, Well as the gentleman from New YorkMr. Wstiawoersel. These are farmer, who rent .11 of the land It wijI do much they sold, traded, and consumed, theIr meat and bread, fruit we must realize there Is an element of thrIft, as well u.s one they operate. They represent more than 43 percent of all through the years to retard the growth of tenancy and to and vegetables, and all that they had to eatIt we assume of ability, to be consIdered by the local comnslttee, and I do the farmers In the country. In additIon to these 2.865,000 relieve a altuatlon whIch lies been accentuated by an eco-that the average sIze of the family wa. 5 people, we had not think It is wise for us to Incorporate In the bIll a provl- tenants, we have about 689.000 part owner.,Tbg.e part nomic collapse.I realize that even a gUt of fertile farm 1,880,000 people, each one of whom tied a gross income for eton to lend up to the full value, although the local commIt- owners are fanner. Who own part of the land they operate land will not In it,seU mean securIty. We must In addition the year of $50, or lent than 5 cents a day. Of course, many tee may approve a loan for lethan the value.Ii theand rent part of It.They represent 10 percent of all our stabIlIze farm Income and protect our farmers from wIldof these farm families are twice s.s large as the figure used desirable tenants hare a will to accompllafs somethIng and farmers.Hence, we are faced with lOse fact that 52 p..'- apeeulauon, and estrcme fluctuations In commodity prices and, therefore, the income of niany Individual, Would be to purchase a farm, they should have some part of the fund centmore than halfof all the farmers In lOse UnIted And land values If we are to find an adequate answer to thl. less. which lIntended t. be used, and, followIng the example of States rent all or part of the land they farm. An addi- pressIng problem. The evIl, of farms tenancy are a natIonal Cebtua figure. show 916,000 farm families with a total IAnenark, 90 percent would be the limit of the loan. tIonal I percent of our farmers are hired massager,. Con- disgrace and land speculatIon and price fluctuatIon ale the groe. Income of leo, than $400.Assuming that Ihey see As I have said, I am in entire accord with the suggestIon sequently only 47 pereent of the 6.812,000 farmers, enu- greatest foes of farm ownership, We have In the past fewfasnlhie, of S people, this means $00 annually for each merated by the census of 0835, own all of tiselr land. year, had at least ,ome degree of stability In commodity of the gentleman from Nebraska IMr. Cor,ut, and I think prices and land value, and now In a modest way we are per.oa In the faoslly, or $40 annually for members of families an amendment limiting such a loan to 90 percent oil the Realizing the magnItude of the problem, the PresIdent of 10. and thIs In not unu.ual In many sectIon, of the South. appointed a special committee headed by the Secretary seekIng to lessen the evIl, of farm tenancy and to Improve purchase price is a good one. our uystem of Isisi tenure. Even In 1838 about 47 percent of all our farmers had an I Ii in ii'it Is obsoiuteiy necessary for the Government to of Agriculture and composed of farm leaders, experts, and annual groa. Income, IncludIng the value of products groaii make a start and to grant some assIstance, although with other diatlmiguishi'd citicen., and dIrected the commIttee to A, a remedy for tIme present ills this bill is, of course, and consumed on the farm, of less than $1,000These I lO- lie amount of $10000000, when divided and spread over the make a direful study of the problem to the end that certaIn wholly Inadequate and inssfflcleiit.For IhIa reason I pre- uses Include both Iaiidlorda arud tvnants,Is this tIle true recommendations for action might be made, erred certaIn provisions which were strIcken from the orig- rsiirr Nation, will be very small for the first year.However Upon corn. picture of real American life?IIt Ihe Anierirazi olsnilsrd a begioning can be made, and, while ibis amount may not pletlng Its Investigation and study the committee filed Its inal bill but as most lr'gialatlon In the result of compromise of livIng?But, you say, Ihi. bill wIll not bring about tue buy iv:,:iy fiarnss throughout the country, It will be a start report and recommended the enactment of legislatIon at I ahall gladly support the measure a. reported by the com- stabilixatlon of an adequate farm inconse or remedy the ills and provide an experiment whIch will be helpful In ap- Ihe present session of Congress,Early In thIs session cnittee ins the hope that some progress may be made and of which I complain, No. but It is an Iniporient step which approaching a wise sotution of the farm-tenant problem. H.R. Swas Introduced by the distinguIshed chairman of some nesw'Ity may be brought to Ihone who wIll receIve must be taken without delay. Applause I the House CommIttee on AgrIculture and was referred to the benefits of time provisIons of tIll, measure, Even though I realize that there are some who will say that this is a and received the attention of lhst eommlltee.Extenoipe we may not help many, we wIll .1 least give a ray of hope Mr. DOXEY Mr Chairman, I yield 5 mInute. to tIle continuation of the Resettlement AdxiinLstration Iktiuiw hearings were held and many officials, experts, farm leaders. to those who are now helpless. that lame wIll say that the Resettiensent Ailniiiisir:at Ion Imiis geniletiian from North Carolina iMr Cootrvl. lnterebted citizens, and groups of cItizens were heard, and Mr C'OOI.EY. Mr Chairman, on September 21, 1930, the In order to Impres, upon you the Importance of the prob- spent huge sums of money, ntuch of which Isa.. burn mailed the committee had the benefit of the finding. of the cons. lem. may I call atteiition to tue fact that 2,806,155 farms While I hold no brIef for the Re,neltleins'nt AifinimiiotraiIon, President addressed a Ictier to Senator Barrxnxsp, of Ala- mittee appoInted by the President. I5 bama, suisgesting preparation of plan, to meet the farm- Several members of were operated by tenants In 183$, and to the fact that be. eztravagance and it. waste, I am unwilling to condemn its tciioiii problem, and In Use feller stated: the commIttee appelired and gave us the benefit of their tween 1825 and 1835 tenancy ha, Increased 40,255 annually,high objective, merely because those who first rmbisrbi'd opinion as to the kilsd of measure whIch should be enacted, and durIng the year, of 1830-35 Increase ha. been at theupon the program were Iil-sds'Ised and are guilty of fimuiis Thoughtful peopir everywhere llusc been gravely Concerned with In the Seventy-fourth Congress tIle House Committee on rate of 40,158 annually? ti,esieuii ply rye',. iii farm irvnvcp teem loss to i936Since the 'to further Impreba upon you the and fIIure. and foille, upon which I am nat wilbnto place earliest dais Dl tliiiriii.lory it tins aeon an ideal of the Arsserieaa AgrIculture held hearIng. on two bills, H 10. 7018 and magnItude of the problem, If we aseume that $4,000 per my stamp of spprovsl, The fleseiticnient Adminiotrntloa Iiei,pirlist cony Americas aiisuid hays anowsenhip iaiersas inS. 2307, but no action was taken at that time Isod or in bone oli,cr The bill tenant farmer is to be Invested, It would requIre, at the rate undertook many foolish, unoulmnd and cstravsCatit profects, veins of production now under consideratIon I. the outgrowth of these long and of Increase durIng the peat 5 years, an approprIatIon ofbut even so I am unwillIng to repudiate It or the loan who llrspiie thin fuiiiiamevtai obirvtiie, we hnve my. fsrns tenancye,.ten.lve hearings. .i,cfciatiie 5,) tsrm ownership denud, by freed. An eesdur- I am nure. therefore, that the memberi $160,033,000 per year merely to take care of the increased Issued the Ezecutive order which brougiit it into o'xistcnee uisiaroicuu,ijc,uiuon mast be blOtS on the Ansi fssildatisfi of the Committee on Agrieulturc who have slat through number of tenant,, to say nothing of the 2,865,155 other lam wltllssg. therefore, and anxious to vote for tilts bill oiuicIl SI iiOloeiiflhi f..rilivwiiersiulp these extensive hearIngs and protracted executive wsslofls tenants In the country. Even If we could stop the Increase Aiii i'.og.tinic uuuiproou'meiiv ar the s'rtfsreof tile Nntion osd of authorIze, lb. completion of the R,'settlt'smrimtproj cia Euro, i-'.nio i liesI mproocvin,ii vi Lii. Levascyaituatioo, are Impresoed wilh the profound itnisortanee of the basic and and approprIate the sum of $50,000,000 annually to reduce which have been undertaken to lbs.' clot that that which his 'rho l,luancp pnheuv lv tile United Stain cussni be Wived fundtamrnlal problem involved and of the absolute imecesimivy the number of tenant farmers already In existence, spendIng rriilgiit been invested may riot be toiuiliy Iuu',t hut through (viicresm.nt financing at land purchased for Its ultimate solution $4,000 on each tennlit farmer, It would requIre 230 year. to I know that there sic those present also would ilk,, 1,, 510' iii tools ci fier cesil tile,tiotably irviund and Denmark, han 5,iiOttOi laity lncry.,oed filmier ownenhip of Lana innS. This bitl seeks to denl with a grove social and vItally elimInate tenancy Ih lb. United States,It Ia, therefore, thIs bill defeated so that they could lvi, timiii' ii,iuiitl iut Ithink se lived corn e turh appro.ch it houid giv, tenant. Important economic problemwhich i. national in Its ncnpe. plaIn to see that this I. a problem of stupendous IsroportlonsprIng with the cry that this Congress had rs'piiiIiiiii'ii lilO nh, hnoe desion,lrstrd their ability to manug. land an oppoe-I am not AfraId that the membership of thIs House wIll and Is one whIch will not be solved In toils generation, yet emergency program set up by the President for the rehimblil- tsl,iuy Is buy farms vu isag.Ltm. teem, at moderate latereat cal.,.. underrate the Importance of the problem with which we al's all tair-missileil men will agree that we shsuld do aomethlng tatlon of agriculture slid the rescitlement of sonic of our now dealing,I am not afraId that we wIll forget those In to help theme who are most worthy In thi, great group of ourpoverty-,ti'lcken farm people.I cannot, In hue brucf space cItizens. We should adopt a long-tIme program, a practical t.XX-4u0 of lime allotted, discuss that which las.s Len door by tile S 6478 CONGRESSIONALRECORDHOUSE' JUNE 28 1937 CONGRESSIONALRECORDHOUSE 6179 rursl-rehabilflatiofl section of the Resettlement Adeninistra- flTIUMZNT OC flMS5OtPisL Lajea Mr. DOXEY. Mr. Chairman, I yIeld 6 minutes to the the road is compelled to pop the ri colic t.ix s.pl'o.rd hI (115 tion In bringing relief to povefty-ItrIcken farmers, nor can Title Ill aUtlsoriica and directs the Secrelaxy to develop gentleman frunr Jllinols iMr. Lucnxi. assessor in that comnuocriiy. I dhcuu., the fine service whIch IL, Land UtllluaUon DlSISIon a program of land conservation and land Utilization Includ. Mr. LUCAS. Mr. Chairnian, diess of how much money Fourth. Death of the purchaserlitre so nil liii> .1 haa rendered in reclaiming guignarginal land and correcting tog the retirement of lands which are eubnsarglnal or not might be appropriated by the Federal Oovernment for the problems from the atandynint of low. vi urn oio'of tire usi diusirnents in land use and in makIng farming more primarily suitable br cultivation andchargeshim with the purpose of curing the evil of farm tenancy, I undertake to nay tenants dies, If the Senate bill becomes tue 1mw of iho laid, proftble.Even though the Resettlement Administrationresponsibility of improving, developing, and administerIng that under present economic conditions that such would be One of the bet lawyers who came Io'forc Our comoulti ho,s marie nuns mistakes, let us nOt burn down the bouse tothe property so acquired and authorIzes him to aeU, ex- an Imp000ibie task.UntIl there is a stability of price of thegald he could not toll wheie the Fcdcral juri',dictloc slurp if gct rid of tie rats, but. rather let us proftt. by the wiutakeschange. tease, or otherwise dispose oil any auch property basic commodities and until the farmer'e dollar hal a pur- and where the State jurisdiction ended. or where lie Side which losre been made and go forwsrd with a broadsIde at- Upon ouch terms and conditloos ashedeems wUl brat chasIng power on a parity with all other industry, we are jurIu.diction began acid the Federal lori..uimcllsn Itidedlii tack ,pfln the problem of rival alum clearance. accomplish tbe purpose of the title. attempting to do something which may aggravate rather than that atatement I cocrcur.Whether lire csmliract for a rued '&L bill which we are nOW considering. 10. fl 7662, Ia a TItle UI further directs the Secretary to pay to lIsa county clarily the issue. as I see it.Nevertllelens I am for this farm would bepersonulproperty or would be coiioideroil uuiR I bill to encourage and promote the ownership of farm homesin which the land is held by the Secretary wider this title. tenancy bill as it atands at the present time. and I Olneerely the doctrine of equitable conversion is not clear. and to make the poasenslon of iueh homes more secure, to 26 percent of the net revenues received by the Secretary hope that the membership of this House will stand firm and The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman frolic Illi- provide for the general welfare of the United St.tes,tofrom the land during audi year.This Is a payment In lieu pass thIs bill as reported by the Committee on Agriculture. nois has expired. provide additional credit facilities for agrIcultural develop-oil tales. The payment so made shallbemade upon the I trust that under no clrcirscstancea will we aubcnit to the Mr. slOPE.Mr. Cholrccson, I yield the ccculiercuurc Iiooi ment, and for other purposes. The bill authorizes the Sec- condItion that It Is used for school or road purposes. terma and conditions of a hill which Is proposed at the otherIllinois 2 addillonal oiinutes. retary of Agriculture to establish In the Department of Ag- For the purposes mentIoned In title ID there is authorized end of the CapItol. Our committee studied the provisIons of Mr. LUCAS. Another matter of imyorisrici' in (Ill' Prune riculture a l°arm Security Administrationtogenial him In tobeappropriated not to exceed 910,000.000 fOr the fiscal H. It. 8 for many weeks, which is in substance what is re- bill iuvolocs tlsr question of double leop.mrdy.In oilier sail,, the exercise of the powers and dutIes conferred by this act. year endIng June 30. 1938. and not to exceed $20,080,000 ported out by the Senate at tile present time.Extensive if the tenant be charged with arson for burning hue bold The act aulborlors an appropriation of not to exceed $10,- foe each two flacal years thereafter. hearinga were held upon that bill, the result being that a on 000ernnreict property, he not only eon be pioc'coirul iii 000.000 for tie rust fIscal year ending June 30, 1939. nOt to majorIty of the committee fuvored the principles endorsed in a Federal court but he eon also be pssreuted iii Ihe Stole exceed $25,000,000 for the fIscal year ending June 30, 1939. Title TV provides for the establlslionent of the Farm the legislation before you.There are many problems in the court.If he is aeqcmllleiliiithe, Ft'lln.rai Court. ilicy e.rnu not to exceed 050,000.000 for the fIscal year ending June 30, Senate bill which are difficult of administration and should bring him to the counly where the barn Is luiu'aic'd old uro.o- Security Adininiutratlon. the appointment of personnel, and cute him agaIn for tire sante ofirlise. lust like (hey used 1940, to be administered by the Secretary through the Farm gener&l provislcam with referencetothe admInIstratIon of not be embodied in any bill which is designed in the firot SecurIty Administration In making loans to farm tenants. composed of three Instance as an experIment to meet a, national conditIon.I to do Us the prohibition days. the act, IncludIng local commIttees tobe In conclusion, Mr. Cllaurcnun. I boldly asveu I that airy hell. farm laborers, shsrecroppers, and other individuals who ob- farmers residing in the county. call attention to what seems to me glaring defects and not In tain or who recently obtained tIle major portion of their Title IV further authorizea tOte Secretary to continue keeping with the spirit of American institutIons. ant in this country who is Irogai, iiidiisti loll',, unni thu icy. Inrozne from farming operations for the purpose of purchas- Pint. The restriction of alienation is Unknown in America, the type of tenant that the Government seeks to keep iii toenable a the activities of the Resettlement Adflhlnlutratlon to the the farm-tenancy prograrcc, will never go in partnership ing eiflrtent farm management units aumclent extent that maybenecessary oniy for the completion and It Is common Us Europeon countries where dictators and mon- diligent furm fussily to carry on auccesuful farming which the adnslnlstratloo of those resettlement projects. rural- archies prevail.I undertake to say that any tIme a man haswtth Uncle Sam if he thoroughly understands the bill tin.st the Secretary deemS ran be auccessfUlly carried on to the the money to pay for his farm he ought to be able to get a has been reported out of the United States Scnale today. rehabilitation projects for resettlement purposes and land providing it should be enacted into law.I undertake to soy locality In which the farm is aituated. development, and l5nd utilization projects for which funds deed for that farm and not wait for a period of 30 or 40 years, Realizing the wisdom of decentralIzIng the functions of as originally proposed. The geivteman from Iowa tMr. Bian- that if I had tire opportuciuty of expiatilung timnit bill to tile Federal agencies, the bill provides further for the establish-have been allotted by the President. type of tenant worth while lie never would sign a conir act I desiretoremind our Republican brethren of the fact SuSHI Seeks to enforce thia restriction and bases his argu- ment of counly committees which shall be charged with thethat the Republican platform adopted in 1936 has this to ment on the fart thut speculation in land will be restrained.wilh Uncle Sam duty and responsibility of receiving applications of persona If you want to keep the question of speculation out of the It Is only the man wliorri we ccii the cooe in ihe cnoocc- gay with reference to agrIculture and with reference to the taUt, or the irresponsible tu'irucnt who never su'Os worth any' desiring to linanre the acquisition of farms by means of a farm problem now under conaldcrallon: picture, why penalize the owner of one of these Cloverss- loan from the Secretary wider the provisIons of this bill mcnt-loaned farms and permit the man next door who owns thinc 10 himself or to ills eoccumumnity or tI snyorie do, The form problem I. an e0000mie sad social, aol a partisza, who will take hold of a contract of thl. bold and atienupt and with the duty Cnd resporlalblllty of examining and ap- probless. sad w. pespins to meal it arooedlagly. land to make a profit when there is a speculative boom us praIsing the farm or f.rsn which are tobepurchased, and the country? to carry on In behalf of himself and tire Government. In general to pass upon tile elIgibIlIty of the applicunt. the AgaIn I quote front the Republican platform: Pass the windfall tao which affects all land alike, as Mr. Chalrniun, time buying Of laid by thc 0000rrluuli'm character of the farmtobe purchased, and the amount Ws propose was suggesied by the President's committee, reporting to and the resale thereof to tenants is the brgirunImig01 a which the committee finds is a reasonable value of the 'Aflatisn.liand-5$O program, including the acquisition of the House Committee on Agriculture when we held our hear-dangerous philosophy of Govm.'rnmccnt ownershIp of lull. abandoned and aonprodUetive firm land b7 volualary sale or it is estimated that withuci 40 yrsrs the 0000rnnient uvouid properly to be bought. lest.,sublecttoapproval orlbslegislotive ad erceUlive Ings. The Secretary Is authorized to loan the fun, fair, and rca- brsaeises or th. Stales ooneeeaed, sad the devotion of such Second. If you pass the Senate bill the Oos'ernmcnt will have under their control or jusrisdietloil a millIon trnismntv. aonable value of the furm for an agreed perIod of not more land to appropriate public sac, such as wfleeub.d protection sad control the has., of every harm In every community In TIle neat step wilt be to lake themoil iii us thry do under than 30 years at a loan rate of 3 percent per annum andflood preveatloa. eeforestalisa. eecre.tisa sad conservation of the powers of a dictatorship.I trust tire tirrue clay color wiidliie. America.Iii other words, the remaining tenants in thatcome when such may happed, but if lie Senate bill shouinl tomake certain other provisions for the protection of the To provide for ample fans credit at rate. is low - Shine rnloyed community arc going to compel the landlords to go along aecurity which will require Insurance, maintenance, and re-by outer industries. including ocrmlaOdlty and lineutork loans. ond with Uncle hurts, who wiltbe the Sreutest tandtord in be agreed to, I earl see the bi'giuiunine of the end of hide- pair and prevent waste and exhaustion of the farm property prelerence In land lass to the farmer acquiring or resnanclog America ill time is come.Every lease in the county will pendent and free ownership of bIrd., ill this Itu'public. and 11.5 fertility.TIle amount so appropriated ahali be dis- Carat ass borne. Mr. LAr4ZE'rrA.Mr. Chairman,cc consecUois withlie be centered around the leases which are being promul.bill, 11. R. 1562, 1 ask uosnninous convect to Include a hi'il.'r trIbuted equitably among the several States and Tenitories In this connection I desIre also to call attentiontothe gaturd by the Ooyernment. If a landlord cannot compete on the basis oXlairs population and the prevalence ofDemocratic platform of 1936 in which we find this langillsget from the Secretary of lIve Inuterior to tile chairolun (it tile with Uncle Sam he will be forced as a matter of self preser- SimIle tinsacy. sa Co Comnmittee on Agriculturei Mr. Joss Itogether with tenancy. We recognire the grsnity r,Z the evil, or farm vation to sell his land, and the Government will be the ulti- tables showinc purchases made by l'urrio Rico haul tile pledge the full cooporstisa of Lbs Government irs the refinshlcing mate purelrascr, Under tithe It of the bill the Secretary ts auttioTloed to of farm indebtedness 51 tics lowest poeelbi. rates of interest acid Third. Oil the que'.iion of taxes, the Senste bill pro-UnIted States. make loans to eligible indlvidual.i for the purcbaae of live- over, lung term of yeses. 'l'lie CHAIRMAN.Wiiiioot objm,rtioli it is so oidi'coul. vides among other things tire following: There was no objection. atock, farming equipment, auppliea, and other farm sseeds. Our hills and valleys and fertile lands are ladened with "Real proic ny. siher iirnn rent property to Which sshseei(oe and for the refinancing of indebtedness and family nub-gifts quite beyond the comprehension of man,While it Is 1.1 applies. erulirired. held, or tensed by tire csrp.ueatiss ir,riiee Vise matter rcferced to Is as Iollow', gistcnce. These loans are tobemade at the rate oX 3 per- true we have extended mw' geographical frontiers until now slit, title ebsil ec romps from los 57 any 51550, Terriiory. 'I'r,a Sri's cc use Or 'i in the stream of commerce flows into even the remotest sections se politicel .slrdivisiso Ii ' 0' III!, gil'S. ii C edit per arcorm and shall have maturities not In excess of lies Motion Jones. O years and shall be secured by a chattel mortgage, crop of our great and common country, yet we are now face to Mr. NELSON. From what bill Is the aentlemas'i reading? L'ilzlrmsn, Couu,u,lllicr Os ,Ioniriti urn. face wIth a problem of further extending the social and ri.ii.uei.y II.e.'..'i. (cu/lie, liens, and the assignment of proceeds front the sale of e.gri- Here Is a Mr. LUCASI am reading from the Senate biii that has cultural product.s. economic frontlerof modern Americ*n life, been reportedout. In other words, ifthe Oovcrnment Mr Doss Ms. JoNas My omieliuomiinn i.,','o,',,iie,i1,i Or problem and here Is a field oil human endeavor wherein the toss lIIt. 7504. 5 bill fuur511,, Farm ui,rurlu 5 Cii nut10,1,cli.!. thU definile amount is authorized tobeappropriated for acquires a farns It in exrmpt from taxatIon so long as the duceed In clue Itmmuos so done I'?153'?, ads .00,1 lull ri,uriiIi Iris purpose other than unexpended balazscee available totingling thrill and all the tremor and throb of eager' and titleremaInsIn the Federal Ooverssment.Think of such a eats.Was eeprurted sot on 4 she IS 1533. slut ru'vrrr, d io ice i',.oi. the Secretary for loans and relief to farcnera ad macIs otherearnest emotIons can be used to the greatest and grandest provision beIng Incorporated In a bill.Think of the bit- modes sf list Wissle Hassu'; and tills Iii,. 001. lo I. l,ri',roI c..!1!'. mains as the President Is authorized to allot to the Secretary advantage.While II Is true that America atanda out today terness and the rvnror that will be engendered in every com- gore not esteod to Pserto Icico. a liiniiu.guuii il,o'e lvi, mid mc as the greatest. force tnt wotId progreaa. whets we thInk of the and Alaska. red slth.isgh sir SrcsIc iii!iv mOO. Ii out of .pproprlslirlis br yellef or work relief. munity as a rrtult of this unfair discrimination.If that bIll to cm,. origmnsi bIll.Ii iS5, huir 0.1,1,1, 0./v/i n,,. olnii'miiil,l .1, The Secretary is further authorized to asslat in the volun- problem of farm tenancy we mastbeconscious of a great bill conies here upon a conference report. and our confereta as vrp..rirui Ic Site sedate old soil io'ludiu,l: iii,c,', u,oe rai,'i,,il.. tory adjustment of indebtedness between farm debtors and lack of full and complete accoinpllulwvent.In passIng this permit the innate Members to have their way, gentlemen Pserto Ricu, bill we are embracing a fundamental problem of flrst inagni- Puerss Rico alih a csipunlatl"n sow r' tlu.i.,(r,l.1 clod/ru, I. their creditors.Under the farm debt adjustment. program who vote for It may have their political future amcmewhat p,rpslation. by far cnir grru,tu'.t ci (in uirguuci..cd i'.-iolL,,,l,',, 0 which has been undertaken by this admlniutraUozi the farm- lode and stupendous proportions, yet It Is a problens which jeopardized. evprcially if the United States Government Is peopir are cmlicens sf dUe Ucrli,'d Slaiu'e Ii in gcr.,u,',nu Ill olcl,,i,cs ers of the Nation have been saved millions of dollars. Americana wlli and must seine day solve. permitted to have its lands exempted, Snd the farmer down 5.1 psnebaaes lemMa this acasUsmid .5 5,1150 is p..jiuioiiclnII 64S0 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-}JOUSE JuNE28 1937 Jnornba.rd Sac 552 000 wertb at goads from the eialnland to 1936. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-_HOUSE 6181 nrgciy farm product, lntoreted In tile problem.All my life I have operated a Ii. purcii..ee were greaser than thos, at farm, auid I am 01111 operatIng Itat leant, my fiamlly Is No other lniliictry In the world today IdIoms tOte prIce o any ocher trot In lIce Western H.lai.pber. .ncept Can.cda. and the Icrotmuet. which I think you will agcce attIc do out'i:t lotic,lit - were gtwater than those of nay country In the world, outaid. of operating It durIng my aboence,That l.the only Way I had theIr money, their lncentment, their brains titled; 'Ibis bill an it Is dcuwll and on I t'ohc,luhe ILii "ii 1,1 Canada, eanapt Great BritaIn, Prance, Germany, tad Japan. BInd to make a living untIl I came to Congreoc, and tiow I Spend their Coil, to be flacd by others.AgrlculLitre In tIme only in- kubJrct the equIty of the burrower attn tori ii sector 11,1,0,0 11141 Puerto Rico baa risen train tb. loath among world ctlntom.e. duotry that tel-mo willIng to produce and then Lake what or lbs mainland Uniird 6W1o. to atoll. pig.., Increa.isg liarat- the money I make bet. on the farm to pay for lo.set In- - for the purpose of purcilicslllg u bc ci to Ic'vy arid ode 110,1, cbs... dating that perIod from S00,e37,000 Is 1931 to $64,090,000 currvg,I am very touch llitereot.ed In this attempt tO Blake rcc'r price oonln'body will otter for theIr good,The farmers ricil pruces, for tile paylmient of dclii,,.'II iv in1mg. Rh. bu). from the mal0200d nearly ar.rythlng lb. a statS at farm OwflerSStlp.In Wlocon.in a few years ago because of lack of forenight to organlzr and control their which I have Ocade refreetice u,idvi flckr to iii oi cite ttiaL I.e I own productIon, allow a monopoly bitch a, the NaLlonala peeled of b years the equIty or Ilitri e:,t wlictii thOr 1,01100,, POe.'lo Rite. I. gioccol wholly agrlculturnl, and beta... of b we had about 12 percent renters, and now It has crept up in Dairy Cc,, wllich I, a holding company and control. every dent, population itI.pc'tuiiariy neceaaty tb.t bar land be nearly 40 percent.Certainly It Wa, not through to. fault msyhave to the Iaicd l'nrcliancci sf1.11 lint br scibic', C Co it: otlilind a. fully aicd adeantagroualy as p0.0191.With a total stew- of the majority of the I arloera Ifl that State. A majority major dairy dIstributing agency In the UnIted Staten, to ISaand hale under civil process wlticout lIlt. non of about 2.240.090 the prIces of theIr Product., coiisctct 01II,, tree..itI.estImated that aol about of the farmers are either Oei'eoan or Scandleianian cx- Secretary of Agricaltuir'there arc oilcei obJeillic.', 501,01,1 1.220.090 serf, se, scow uad.e csltjcaUon, which glee. noSy about The Unitt-d States Attorney and the Irederal Trades Cons- ..rnn.lratb. at an acre per p.r.on far in. total 1.500,000 p.opl. In traction. the type that certainly did not ,quandgr their to bc, achieved by the iilil,'ciiliicrnLsbul IIc,il Jo ISleiiii U Inland Prebepa 590,000 sore. mare con be mad. tonUsbIe. money or who are ahifUea. farmer,. They are the con- mission should have taken step, long ago to dlsoichoe thIs One, Alter 191 dia..trnu. hurrtnanna of 1929 Said 1932 many ansall farm- aervative, hard-workIng, Up-to-date farmer., who have trIed gIgantic dairy trunt that holds a strangle hold on the price I think you will agree with me st'Iit,'ce a ciac, I:'... b,','oc,ce ire, particularly noSe, tartar., an the 9111.1dm, abeoi609.d their their beat to make a Using and who, through no fault of of daIry producls. iuncts and drilled to San Juno and the other. of th. largor 05th. But the farmer, should become better organIzed no that Ooerbumdc'ned wIth debt, perhaps, ulid ho bRoil a liLa sIiiil:c:' at thn island, ncenntuating 5101, conditIon, that. and adding to their own, have drIfted Into a condiuo.s wher, they are lo,- by reason of the eatenololl of the bellelits pros'ided byiliis tbs social problanc.'rh.lr far.n.r Inod, rapidly go 9.09 to jungls log their farms by the thou,anda yearly that were operated they may some day say, "It coal, toe so much to produce legislatIon and enters upon a farm puichaurd f or Imlimi by or at, enposed to erosionIt Ia Impesatleely n.om..e7 that aId be for three or four generations by their people. these products, and unleca you pay me that price, you can- the Government of the United States and toatiotestO lli,ike eut004ed to each .01511 f asinees. to f.lnatat. them 001 hI land, to While thi. bIll doe, not go nearly far enough, and the not hape II."Ye,, producer and Consumer mUSt elimninate gome payments thereon., a. a result of which he lava the land., and to nmelinrst. aaolal oasdltlan. In tO. Island'. these unneceesary lnlddle men for the beneflt of all con- acquires cia., ma loan, and oredita contemplated by tItle. I and fl at committee admIt, It doe, not go far enough, It Is a step In an equity In the fares, we nliommld1101preliclt him 1,1 Iij: H H 7502 cOuld wail no utlilued sacS would be of groat halp far the right directIon. cerned. i Applauue, I I Here the gavel fell. I sold out wIthIn a year or two after his equitable Iimt,'l,'.L the,. pccrpo...Thorn at. also . submarginal laud. whiob We alieady have the Reeetilement AdministratIon wIth Mr. ROPE. Mr. Chairman, I yIeld 2 minutes 10 the gc'nlle. ai,,,ui,i hr 011101,1 said deenloped under 5 program luob a. that don. may hone been acquired under prorcsnc, In facor of cc, U. an 011cc and pec.sflnel In every county looking alter it- man from New York IMr. Lonnl, Itni', whose debtu may hace been enlaticig at tile little Wlic'ci tc,,,ic,c,ed is till, Ill .1 tbta bIll.Tropical product., au.h a. Mr. IOORD. Mr. Cltalnnan, acme of the provisIons of the Suc,iiia I,, .me, quinine, bamboo, sod other tropIcal plant.. a. w.11 babliltaUces loans or granta.These oral people In my 8tat, the farm was purchased for him by the GocencmentW, colt, e, can be grown on the.. MOd., product. 01 a kind wall are for the moat part rety well acquainted wIth all to. pendIng bill may be good, but there are Inany wIth which ought to gIve hIm at least 5 years in WhIch 10 slr,q:t,t,'ci declined to ci,rol ecotion on ths biflaidea, sad sot is oomph. with farmiere to_at are In dintre.o. I do not agree.I believe, WIth lii. gentleman from Ne- ncntnianciatticuilurnl product.. They co'Jol pIck tb braska out hi. affaIrs and we should prosldr thot doting 111cr b Bc:',n:i',r of lie clean, population entry 1001.1 sad governm,stal worthy of consideratIon when applications are received, and Mc, Co,e',.l, and the gentleman from Pennsyl- yearu any Interest or equIty he moy acquire Ill vaniaI Mr. KII.coe I, that the purchaser of a farm olsould lhr lacimi pn.b'.....nec,toat.d is Puerto Rico.lIes. S. a i.t.t torn, drop thus. not worthy, without creating tile expense of In- shall not be uubject Ia levy or sale under cls IIprocess. .,ntic. dnnocty ofacity suburban populatIon, 11 vestigating each applicant.I belIeve that the Secretary of have acme Snonclal Interest In It and should provide Oome I understand It I. Iflolsted by uoece Icetnbers of the Iowa wore a. denuely populated a. Puerto Rio. It would have portion of the purchaue money. roiti. acm. 20090.0110 peOpl..T.ta. would have around l30.50OO. Agriculture should use the RcoeWement cou.ity art-up, mlttee that that matter would btaken care of bytic,' Till. p1.rn a deflucite re.ponfllbillty Ott th. Sdminl.tr.tlon i.e The gentleman from New York I Mr. Culeane Icertainly To my Isind, we nerd more to purcha.e small tract. of homestead law, of the v,tloiis Slobs, That UflfoftUIcuely the neinure 00 nice.. Am erIc.. daIses firmer.Puerto Rio. ha. hit the nail on the head when he aald tisat the price-SuIng I or JO acres fcr the tenant,. Many of thsetel cailmlot oper- Is not true so far as my own Stole is concerned acid I not received Olor, than it. fair .bat. of Government honeSt, dur- ate a largr farm but could a omnll one, cli, ing th. period of the drpreuacon, In .Plt5 of the need. allelng monopolIe, have drIven the farmers of the country, e.pe- latinited It I, not true with regaicl to)lliatiy of the Sloli, ciaUy the daIry farmer,, to their present plight. What I am moot interested In and what I want to talk of the UnIon, In my State a debtc,r ctay woioe hIs 110th,. from this heacy populationRather, It ha. received Ian, on a I know obout In the brief time allotted to me Is aubtnarglnal land per.cipita basis, indeed. lea. than One-halt tho average .bat, at that this In true In other lines as well,The packers control atead rights by written Imislrtmcnent eoecnleqm f or thmtttile. the Stat., an. Territorie., .appear, from the bfl.t tabular tt,e price of the animals they buy as well as tile price of that In vcmlulne of thou.and, and thou.anth of acres arepose, encept a. to $3i0 worth of household alliS etatenlont hereto appendedDetailed Ogucea ar, boSon, your beIng t,ken from the tax roll, of this country. Moat of this kIlt'ii,',i comltcltt..Intice beaciagn an tha bill.H.ring. all theIr flnIsheq producLu. The gentleman from New York furniture, wearing app,rn'I. slId prn'jsIons; thercborc', cq5,I.'r H H 5326. pranent e..aion. before special aubaasminitl.e, Mar.stated that Iai the case of the dairy iesduotry the price of land in my distrIct In Umber land.'I'wenty-floe percent of the terms of thlu bill slid utmder tI,e laws ofmy Stilt' II. 32, 1937, socIal B. pp 09-97 and lIe.) cheese for the whole United SLates Is lIned at Plymouth, WI.. the proflt dr'rlord from these lands Is returned Ia the cows- sharecropper or tetmalmt, Icericops hea' Ily Ilivolced, who o,itt,L A. wa, .514 In Snrretsry Ickse' letter to you or May '7,1937: tit's where located, I or highways and f or .chool,, but there This I, true,It ha. gone to such an eatent, the monopoly be gIven the opportunity procicicd by this bill soil aIt::u:1 "SInce the (rest fundnioentai princIple of Amerl1,n demcucrney Ia no great, that In 1931 the Department of Agriculture, wIth will be no mni'o.srThe net rmiult wIll be that the with. I. thn equal ire.tinnnt of all chlieeae, there Se 110 dm4 to dwnll drawal of lhms land front lhe tax roll. will add Juot thatin purchase a farm, could be ,.otd oct as far as hIs lt,t,r,I upon the motnl or practIcal necessity of nooldlng economic dl.. the consent of the Governor, appointed a special committee or equIty In the farin Is coiicerl,eih at ally tone aliceii crinclnntlon. agsin.t tile cltir.n. at tOn United Stat., who may consisting of three producers chosen by the farmer. and the niuch more to the burden of the farmers In tIle districts may have been a,'qulrerj tc, satl,,fy the el;,itn 96 residing In Insular pert. of our country.' throughout my State, New York, and what applIes In New if any cri,lc:',i 1, Is aroeoliy roquated Ihnetore, that a Anmmlttr* amend- cheese producrrs, three men selected by Ihe processors, the holdilig all obligation of that kind which lie scay hcaoc.' packers, and the large cheese buyers, and the State ap.- York appllcs to all Stale,.The State of New York buy,dueed to Judgment, olnnt to thI. bIll, H R 7542, be accepted inst will eat.ndin It would be true, of course, Iliat 1 land br reforeoting at a coat of $4 an acre,It Is assessed prc,l lelone to Puerto RicoThat purpan. could be accomplIshed pointed the oeventh member to represent the State as a the Instrument Iakrn by the Government wi-reit I,,' tin loilowing changes in the pre.ent bill: whole.I happened to be the unfortunate victun that bad for whetl It costa and pays the local rate of school and high- liiit In ucctlon 1II, in line I on page 2, ntelbn out inn word "said, way taaea; and I brllcog this bIll should carry a nlmnllmtr deed, the amount of the Goserlclsent's debt osechillii the fleet word of the line, and mIen a 005lota In tins tbnreof. to act a umpir, between LOse producer that wanted all he have to be tendered or paId by ISle cri'cicltcrbill lice t.'Ii,ic tad macft In the attn. line altar inn word 'Hawaii" th. word.could get and the buyer that wanted It en cheaply as pus. provIsion, Icr lust 6 Mon as you take land out of Iaaatlon,could nevertheless be sold out Ibm u.iiler a b:cctusst'r oil,, 'ond Puerto Rico" sible. We met at Plymouth every FrIday, that beIng the take It off of the tax rolls, It adds a great deal more to the Ic. .eotion 10, In line It on mg. II. chloe silt the word "and", ta. burden the remaining land must bear. mIght be In good faIth liiectilcg all ut loin oblctalic,Iis Ii following "*150k." ant insert a 0000.11 In lieu thne,nt, and .trlkn day on which LIt. pric, of chews, is dudevery Pl'lday at Govermunent. out the perIod at inn nnd of lb. line .Itnr ins bond "HawaiI' 2 o'clock In tile afternoon there Ia a shani auctIon, and tls It Is sly Intention to otter an amendmngnt Ia correct thl, The amendment also prohibit, tIle oroigdlnclit of the lii. nod Insert "ant Puerto Rico" hIghest biddar net, the price of cheese for the United States. ahtuaticn, and I hope It may have the support of this Rouse, tere,t of tile sharecroplcer Or tena,tt not for a to'ri:oi of 21) Sincerely your., lout there Ia very neldom more tItan one bid for a certain Some of this land the Government Is buyIng cool,.as much year,, but for a period of 5 yesra after his acqilisilion ut lIce lfllcoediCetam,n. Wane, as $20 ash ann. In .on,e Instances Where there are wood- Acting Secretary of the lsleflor. type of cheese, A few of the bIg buyer. get together around property, except by consent of tIle Set'tetary of Agrlcul:iirc', a table for lunch and agree o.s who Is going to bId on the working lsm,torit's, acid factorie,, and so forth, they are dis- It does not go as far an the alnendmmtcnl wicicli has be,'n Puerto Rico' mantling the factories,,'Iid baring dciwn dwellings, and iii' Import. troec United blat.. nlnialnind. l936, cheese that I. to be auctioned off to tile blghent bIdder at pnied by the genlleocan ft om Iowa I file. tlmtiiotccms I 11,1:,,', 059, 532,090,00 2 o'clock.There never was any competItIon Unless they thl, all goes off Ihe fax roll,.It I, planned to keep lisle land Silth toni costoncer; a.oeed. any Other in for years, I suppose, ad let the timber continue however, afford ho the ohlaeecropltrr or hold WhO DImlY iii,, WresrrflHemlaphece e.cept Caned.: e.- h*ppened to have a batch of cheese they wanted to unload to grow, been accorded Ihe opportundly to buy a lot in at Irort 5 ical needed only by Groat 811mb. Canada, Japan. on acme little fellow who warn footl.h enough to overbId but during all this tlnse It wIll be out of taaatlon,It seems Prance. nnd O.'rnc.ay. to moe thin crest, an maclaIr altuatlon, and 1 aok protection from land chatU or sp,'ccililt:,rsWilt pc.'l i,y Buy, 92 Pence,it of iii ii. purchs.e. tram U.S. 111cm: but they hare taught the little fellow, a few laan,, your sup. might InveIgle hIm Into plirtlog a itluI hr icitt'i cot 0 hirlc It nilifliand no that Very .eldosn anybody dares to bid. port of the amendment I shall otter at the proper time, nlay have acquired. Population .bOot 1.506,000. oats only Shout The Stale of Wlaconein tried to break up that rIng wIth Mr. Chairman, I yIeld back the balance 01 my tIme. Mr. Chairman, I Invite the nirlmiberslhl1, illlIlt lIourr 2.2110,000. the fslr-prlce committee mentIoned, html It was ImpossIble. Mr. DOXEY. Me, ChaIrman, I yIeld 3 mInute, to Iheread the language of the anieltdulli'IiIs whuclu I lotte c..: gt'nllrman from Georgia IMr.'Fours, I, SaneSt.. all .ource, lnot 1 y.ae,, pee caplta,,. 30.01 The committee studied (is, .ltuaUon for S month,. We Mr.HOPE. discussed In detail, a. they wIll appear Ill today's lisi::ii, Flu,, trot, ret.in,d cuatooc, dutle. sod tee huWid It was a problem for tile Federal Govcrwnent, nab the Mr. ChaIrman, I yield 3 sllnutea to tIme gen- I sincerely trust timat alter you h.ioe dotcc' so and hose i:i,ii: p.r dopit. "4' States,In spIte of tile fact that WIsconsIn at that time tleman from Georgia lMr, Tanvssl, to the ssbJcct matter Ihe Mr. TARVER. Mr. Cllairmun, my only ptirpooe In usIng collnlclt'rahti,li which IboilIL Tot.t benefit 12 0'l produced 74 percent of the thea.. In the United Stale., we decent,, you muy levi jusllfled in 51115,01 tiltS ticctcu. Aorrnge brnrtlt. per c.pita all Staten and 'tar- found we could not loin. It. for they anid they would lImply this brief alloinient of time Is to elidraror to call to the 'the atnendmrctls which f hose reler,eil 10 Oct' 05 f,mhloo, nIorin, some yrnn,, .. att.elitlon of the lloune three amelidnhcnt, whIch I Intend to 5641 move their o11ces over Into another State U we trIed to lIne 16, ptu.je 3,cf ire tIle aor,I'',',,,cooit,re"11,0,., t'',,rnuy i',,. Aorrag. benedic nil oiherf.rrllatiOe, 5000 offer when this bill Is reached for consideratIon under the Sb yearn Interfere1th them or molest them at all,So I sey that reiate,i to ,ctdt mcenutcrr niil,Iu, timil,iiil:, Olge, C cc 56.13 the gentleman from New York ha, put lila Anger on Ihe 6-mlliute rule, and Which I Intend to ask unanimous consentgtlltcmty or aSoity Mr SlOPE,Mr. Ch,irmnn, I yIeld I minutes to the ten- pul.e of the evil: The monopolies Its the prIce both to the to hare printed In the Rnconb In connection With my re- PaR. t, lilt. I. nrler lIce n,,rcls ''stiell to ,e,':,,r,Iill'', eiri in,., II tlrman from Wiscotoin Mr. G.unam.ewj. marks,It Is ulanlfeauy Impossible to discuss asy of thene the rm'msinder on ilicn I ails iii,. a :,,cd t,in,':l''i,. peeduger and the 0CL.00.t. I blame the fszers, of tout.., tIm. legal title 10 tIle f,rrn cm tile S,'crec cry of ogri,-,,itnrr t.,lil .0 Mr. (JIt'IJRMANNMr. Cholro.an, I really bad not C,. for not orgsnl,lng, so as to control their own Commodity. amendments In the brIef time I have at my dloposal. us, .114 brnest ci th. Uimtted So.te.o, it, icit,'reci.ci,ny Si.i3O,r, pcctcd Ia get any lime on liii. bIll, but I am very, ve touch 'rwo of my anmcndment. construed together, have f or theIr and the soqumaitlomi on tltls no s,,, Ic far tIc cr :,t 141111. slid :i,ier,.t their inveatmt, and their labor. ther.Ia by the noerower slintl n.e nlriouiy I,, ',,cc d,,i:ce 1,1:11 objectIve the removal of a colililtlomi provided 1st thi, bill lens, at the laatnlmeat, eseoutecl inc005erilon olti, such 10.1,"11,11 6482 CONGRESSIONALRECORD-HOUSE J 28 1937 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE Page line 3, slIer thu word "payable". strike was Use p.riad behalf on this floor, igo connection with farm IegialaUon of at once how deeply Interested and how sympathetIc Is my army of othceholdees In the 3 years, theue flied, auilioel,ed and losers a colon sad ibe following proviso: various types. In my judgment, he usually gets the hot end in this IsIS would furnish $3,000 to approsiinotety 20.1)00 Provided. That the borrower shall not bra period of 5 jebes atiitode toward this legislation, slier the ioslI is granted, floe 51 any tIme until 25 perCent of lbs of the poker in legislation proposed for farm relief.I do Tile declared puipoue Is to aId the unfortunate and the farm tenants and sharecroppers of the Unlietl Slates to buy laos i5r been repaid have alt assignable lntee..t 115 the farm. not f,hJnk this bill will solve his probie,n.It is, however, a monk and lowly.There are many wonderful men and and equip farms 0:10,5 sire Orvvrinvy o,rt5hal. Such SO ililtrut tsi.tl 0t5t IDbona-fide, conscientious effort to start toward solvingit. wvumen who, because the breaks were against them, have We nmust bear in mInd, however, ihnre arenow 2 lOS GO,) nut nor shall he hsve nny equliabie or other Internet subject to and no far as I airl concerned, I shall support such a step. lii nil 1cm wn,rnln, len y and rile sunder pruieto in favor of Creditor. under the awl bt'i'n lorcm'd to di an thm'ir lives out In poverty as tenant of Ouch tenant farmers arid stn,areeroplii'r.s. of nay Slate fur eucil period Or yesre - although it may go only a lltttc way. The solution of that fnruluu'rs To my way of lhinktng, there Is nothIng that can In this year. under thIs bill,If all the mivnnney was tui iii problem is esaenUat to the welfare of our entire country. adsinso nuuchn to create and mainlaln a fine, patrIotIc citi- over for the purpose of loaning to tenant farmers and sluomc- No Member of Ihia House is more deeply Interested In Btatistics have been placed In the record showing th. xciiuhlp as for the eitizc'ns to own their own farms and croppers not less than 53.000 earh, it would only alit I oat tIlls pioposed teelslation than I ala, or will work more con-growth of farm tenancy and share cropping to a paint where homes. of every 143 tenant farmeiu and sharecro'operu of Inc iimuilv'uI silently forItspassage.wlsetlserlilyameisdtsswnts are 82 percent of the farmers of the UnIted States are fartnlng States, I shall simply otter them because I feel that According to the census reports. the total number of farms ill n.:vol. lands which In whole or in part are Owned by others. This In the Unitu'd Staten is 8,513,350.'tIne average else of the The Democrats promised the tenant fainueus uunvd siutsuc- tiiiy wilt Improve the bill.My first silnendenent relates to condition cannot continue and the agricultural population farms is 154 acres, and the average value 1w a little less than eroppems tnat they were going to do somorifiuiig suiuutsuniiul luir Ihe pro' talon in seclioni 2 in) that no county commIttee shall of the country relnaln. as it has always been, the backbone of $5,000.There are 2.865.000 tenant farmers.It can be seen them. This bill, like other promises made by them adimuimuislma- evltify fur purchase and sale to a tenant any farm In whichAmerican citizenahip.Nowhere In the pioblem of greater at once that almost half of the farmu of the United Btatev tion during their campaign. proves that their platfou ins soil any member of the rooimtltee tinS any property Interest. importance than in my own Btate and In my own congres- are being operated by tenant farmers or sharecroppers. The campaign promises are made to run on. My emendecent broadens this so as to exclude from consid- sional district. total farfn populatIon ha approximately 32 000 000,Nearly Now let us see how thIs matter wuirks 0111.Let us ass eratIon fanns owned by close relatives of the committee- The importance of tenancy In Use Seventh Congressional 16,000,000 of these are made up of the tenant farmers and In Clay County. Ky., several hundred farm lenamilu nuake men, and wIthout It a eomtnitteerrlan might have the Go,-District in Georgia Varies consIderably from county to theIr famIlies.It can be seen at once the bIgness of theapplication for a loan under thIs bill.They mnimst fIrst find ernment lake over for sale to a tenant or sharecropper a county, but It 1w relatively important throughout the area, tenant-farm problem. some fellow who Is willIng to sell his farm and get a tilie farm owned by the commItteeman's wife, brother, father. or Only about one-thIrd of tine farmers are tenants In DudS The platform of the Republican Party last year expressly bond or some otinee written obligation from the owner of Use other near relaf lie.The proprIety of so amplifying this County while almost three-fourths of them are tenaiits In declared In favor of farm-tenancy legislation, and tue Demo- land expressing the price to be paid.There wilt be a coIn- re'sirietIon Is clearly apparent. Ho commItteeman should be Bartow end Polk Counties. crats made simIlar promIses.I am supporting this measure mlttee appoInted by the authoritIes here in Washlngfon for Olioieed 10 proflleer for himself or family in carrying Out his The following table indicates the Iniportssee of tenancy because of the prInciple Involved and the policy declared, that county and every other county.The tenant farniers diii es uniter tios program. in the Seventh Congressional District ill GeorgIa.It showS LflS Tess 5 acvll take their title honda and turn them over to this county 'the two amendmentsone in line 1. page 4, and the other the number of owners arid tenants and the percentage of eomnmlttee. and then this county eomnmtttre goes out and In line I, page 5are necessary if any restriction Is to be im- tenancy by countIes f or 1935, The lhlnug that worrIes me, however. Is the meager sum authorized to be iippropeiated This bill carries no appro-examines these varIous tracts of land, and fronm all this posed upon the alieniotion of the sharecropper's or tenant's number they could not select more than one for ihe i-oni- equity In the form bought for him, either by hIs voluntary priatIon mit allit merely authorizes Congress in the future 00 to appropriate 010.000.000 for the fiscal year beginning July ing flaeal year, arid if they then approve one of lhv' applica- act icr by sati' uiuder civil procv'su.Under the bIll is drawn, T.o Jill. tionS, this is sent to tine Secretary of Agriculture gt Wash- the Idle 10 the land is to vent In the borrower, who may ins suutl 1, 1037, $20,000,000 for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1930, as Id $50,000,000 for the fiscal year begInning July 1, 1939. ington. and he Investigates tIne recommendation of the coin- suelire hIs loan by eoeruitng a mortgage "or" deed of trust mittee. and if he approves It, he wIll order an abstract of If tie euecuines only a mortgage, there can be no question of tori via es It authorIzes the appropriation In all for the neat 3 years of Csusen I. in Mi only 581.000.000. the title. the right of Judgvvieot creditors to nell his equity for the 54 This whole procedure generally reumuuires frnnmiu 0 Ivonmihs to satislantion of their debtsIf he executes a deed of trust, 5. 255 wv ()ns first thought tIlts appears 10 be a considerable sum, nlO II but If you should dIvide 905.600,000 among 18,000,000 people 2 years.It can be seen at oiler that perhaps lot vine tesuv,mit under the laws of my State, such creditors could have levy aM am farmer, and it can be naid without fear of oueeessfut roll- niade upon the lend after first payIng ar tendering the Civ vi 7_Sri go it would allow to cinch one of thrm less thin $5.50. not hurl mm a' taking aeuyihing out for overhead and the administration oftradiction, there will not be 200 lenamit farmers in the Ulfsll'ij amount due the Govervument With either Inatrument It SI States in ihe nest fiscal year that wilt have roniplcim'd liii does not appear possible for the Government to prevent vol- Marvay 1,01 Sr thn fulud, or if vms viuimuld divide It among a little less than Psnidlvg 5. iso I. 257 Ia 3,000,000 fammmu-ienouit iovuities it would give to each family transaction and be in possessIon of farimis under ihus bill untary sale by the borrower of his equity, and the only re- Yes: this bill is less tluan a grsluie.It Will be a greal Ills- striction sought to be epptied to such procedure Ia the rIghtWrit,, trio 45 lens than $30 civic u perIod of 3 yensms, or an average of less IV 1011*1,1 a as :04. al It can be amen at 011cc, to far as taking appointment to the tenant farnuers and sliureeioiij,crs of Iii, of the Seerciary in such an event to declare tne balance of tluao $10 per year. I am niupporhing it because this Is live only loll lhr '10,1 £1. Oil 5,544 Mi care of Ihus bug pioblem Is conceriied. this measure is less Nation. ihi' Iiiii Immediately due and payable, This would not in- I want muuy mali- tholi S cestuire. administration has permilied 10 clinic uiiu. tei liii on lii a traiisaction in which the purchaser of the stituents and the couuritry to know that I favor lhr halley of boil orwi a equnly might 8., able and witting to pay the bat- The following table shows Ihe pv'rcentagi' of tenancy in There are ahnyrviolnlal nip3.300elnulliiiesiiitIle Ululted Ihe entire State of Georgia: Stiitrs.If we shoUld divide Ihe 110.000,000 auitliorlred to help to the worthy lenant farmoers timid siunum iv copimrro 5th) once due ihc Governivient, and thus secure complete title. desire to improve theIr condItions. lIe' leuivpi,allun ol a borrower who had been hard pressed toe ayprinprialrd for the fiscal year b.,gliinluig July I, 1031, enlr,',,l,,n, aiinj ending Julie 30, 1038. it would gIve In the neIghborhood The Department of Agrlcullisre will odiolnuioler ihl, bill. all ol liltin' found himself In poasesolon of a farm vane aiivul..,l.'y 'e uit,n,vOuve They have adminisiered Ihe resetliememil lawThey sleEt Whici...... vii.rea.ued In value since the Government's loan of $3000 of farmteoaney relief to each rounty In the United Stales. Of course. this hilt sets up a new set of officeholders $35,000,000 to resettle 3,500 flrmlilies.This averaged 110 000 was mode to him, or in which by his own payments he had per family.If the overhead lvi admunislrrumig tIlls mlim-o.surs arquu'ed a subatantlal equity, to nell out, take a few hundred here In Waslmiilgtorl and a colnmittee consisting of threeIs as high as In admninhsterirlg ilsat, lvrartically all of ifiese 511 meulibers iii each rounty In Ihe United States,It will add dollars profIt, and rejoin the tenant class, might be over- 00 ItS funds will be swallowed up by overhead esPenscs. bloelinlng in many Instanrns,Binge the purpose of this bIll several thousand officeholders to the already overtosnulened taxpayers of the country. and If this group of oBeeholders To those who are sincerely inlerested In ihIs prsbleuulills Is to seek to bring about the eradication of tenancy, and have measure is a very grIevous disappolntmeiut the nien who work sloe farms own the farms. It certainly The increase In my Staterum 44 0 perrent in 1880 to handle these funds as oilier funds have been handled for seems to me that provision ought to be made for at least 658 percent In 1535 of farm tenancy should altrtn every the lust few years, there wIll not be mnich left of the $10.' years against alienalion of the borrower's equity, either vol- citizen who is really interested In agricultural welfare.If 000.000 for ihe comluig fiscal year wuth which to loon tenant We have pointed out 110w few farm owniers 11110 irOislial loll uiitarily or involuntarily.'flats I do not understand that we is wIth a grateful heart that I support the efforts now being farmers to buy farms, In it, present form will InakeThe 11. 0 L C. has bone liv can do unlesa the title is placed In the Government xsben the made by thIs adminIstration (ii at least make a start tswatd It Is assumed that on an average cach harm will cost not omoeraiion for a comparatively short lisle.The Govcrlllisu'ilt Government furnishes the money to buy the farm.If that the solution of thIs problem. less than $3,000If It costs as murh as $3,000. there could has already foreclosed on 90,937 homes tiiuougli loans mcdv' I.. doni', then the Government may flu by contract wIth the Mr. HOPE.Mr. Chairman, I yield10 mInutes to the not be one farm bought on an average for one tenant farmer by that Corporation.More than 26 farms oldof ciccY borrower surh restrictions as to the character of interest gentleman from Kentucky iMr. Rusnloesi. in each county, and therefore not more than one tenantIhousand ii) this country changed haods in 1936 lhirivninlh wliinti may vest in him, and when it may grow to be of a type Mr. ROISSION of Kentucky.Mr. Chaieman and colleagues. farmer In each county, durIng Ihe coming fiscal year, would foreclosures, bankruptcy, and delinquent tax s,slrslui oiiscr subject to ahienatioti, as it frets are proper. The amendment we have under consideration H. R. '1563. whIch purports to have a chance to get one of these farms financed by the Gov- words, the owners of 178,483 faemfis, involvIng oearty 25.000,- 015 page 5 will thcrelare not be offered unless the amend- encourage and pronsote the ownership of farm homes, and for ernment. That would mean one tenant farmer out of 000 acres and wuth a value of more Ihaus5960,000.01)0. lulent on page 4. providing fur the acquisItion of title by theother purposes.I ilave enjoyed and feet that I have been approximately 1.500 would have a chance 10 borrow part ofchanged honda in the year of 1936 on ulccnnuimlt of lorrclnar- ,nnniuiinvilt. Is agreed to. U that amendment in agreed to, greatly benefited by the speeches I have heard on this bill. this honey and buy and equIp a farm with it the first year, urea, tax, and bankruptcy stilesIt erie be sen illliner lois itii'w' can br no doubt as to the valIdity of the restlietionsSplendId speeches have been made by Mn. JoNas, chairman and glue second year there would be on an average lrSs than immadequate the measure ba'fon' us Ia. Under 111+5 111115'' voui:tut to be Imposed by the amendment oil page 5. of the Agriculture Committee; Mr. Horn, the ranking Re- lhirs'c farmers iii each county that would have a chance to could not make more Umalm 3.300 fnrom owners 10 ilii' con vii; nb Ink,In liv It 1*1111lie notrvl hut the amv'iudjnent on page 5 dons not publican nieniber; Mr. Bae.xeiiaa. the Sisoakrr of the Ihouse; buy and equIp a faum, and the third year ihere would notfiscal year, when, a, amustier fsci. 1111cc u nIl yncriuvir alienvilion. either voluntary or involuntary. If the Mr. WassWOsTh, of New York; Mr. LEssen., and others.All be over five farmers sIn an average to each coumity that bold through fon'closure.s, bommkcuihiv'y, and Ins talc rnnilsu'lit of the tiecei'tary can be secured.That will lnaure of these speeches have been free of parUsan appeal and have would be able 10 borrow of this fund and buy and equip a fhan 175.000 farms.It ben'sis to mime itlal hue aIr peilpee consideratIon of cases where under unusual circum- been very Infoesnlng. fai ml: slid foe i he 3 years there would be less than nIne farm- the apigot and losing at tlse i,uligiiole slnillers it iiiliiht be proper to permIt such alIenation, The polIcy declared for in this billto make farm ownees ers on an average in each counly In the United Stales that I have before mc a rsulnhss'r of iliesvv'm'kly cnnanilyIi.'ni 0- I hole tong been liiterestcd in the problem of the tenantout of tenant farmersis most appeahiiig.Inasmssurh as I would Is- aishil to borrow of tlmis fund to buy and equip a farm; plsps'rs of counties Inny dislrict.i°vu'e11111' .5:11'ISliii. ii Inouier.I have hcrctoiOre been heard many times in isle was brought up as the son 01 a tenant farmer, it will be seen on, In oilier woida, if iaone of tinla money was eaten up by an wIUs toe-sale advemtlau'mmmemita of faiuvs and humors for Sloir. 6484 CONGRESSIONALRECORD-HOUSE JUNE 28 1937 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6485 County, city, and school taxes, seswr,J hundred In each coon iy And one of the editor. comments on ihe fact that Mr. ANDRESEN of Minnesota.Mr. Chairman. Will th. farms are run by tenants, one out of every four familIes Mr Chairman, I am proud of hue district s.hiiph I repre- gm'rmitcinan yield? In any farm e'smmunity. assuming the average to hold. nut .s s.ngle owilci was present to bid in his or her farmor Mr. WEARIN. Yes. sent--the rich Tennessee Valleylit north Aluliamnum It'i moves every ' ur from farm to tarm. The result Is In- composed of seven counties along the Tentievses' River a.s Mr. ANI)RESEN of Minnesota It Of couisc mail? of these are WidowsPeople .rc becom- is ito, gcnlleman aware evttablersjn. ,wn houses, ramshackle barns, broken-down crosses Alabammiaaevemi great agrirulinrilcouunhin'st,intl iirii dIscouraged vu acrowit of the constant increase in taxes of the fact that the Federal land bank has In thepast year fences, abased soilerosion and waste 01 the worst kind, fertIle toil and high productirrmu.Sot l;iriii ttmruminyisii To' press announces that Ihc State of Kentucky said two or three thousand tarms to tenants Iii thus In this way ocr Ration Is beIng despoiled ot one of It. problem there as the following table .'riurnr'.s for Stat. and has flnanced them? country purpoocs WiU collect $10,000,000 more thIs year than it ever gmeatest natural resources. Mr. WEARIN.I am fully aware of the tact the Federal collected in any other one year In ha history.The Federal But as lead as ace the erosIon of the soil and the waste 5,00i,,,5i.,,,r.. '.,n.,.i Governmentthe States, the counties the citiex. and Lii. land bank has sold a large number of larnms toland pur- 01 the Improvemenl,s, that Is not thc worst part of it.The towns and other taxing districts continue to increase their chasers who were flnancialiy able to buy them andto make worst feature lies In the lack of community consciousness - -. -. lazes, down paynlenl... However, I want to aid the tenant.Who are and cIvIc mindeduuess In the tenant hlmselt. How can he ...... I potiiteij out the other d.sy in a speech that Unable to qualify to that extent Itnanclally.The; are the feel any pride in hia communityIn it. schools, It. churches, i,.a.io,.i is approwinsately 0 I one-thud of the mrouie of Use American people people who constitute the tenancy probtein that weace trying IL. movement. tsr con munity betterm nt?lIe cannot nor .., on the to solve.lApptauae,i average was taken in taxes.I would not have any unit can the communIty, hope br any permanence In alp worth- htnu,-,,,, The amemmdinent I propose to offer is as follows: MlS.rIl - of the Government to neglect those things thatace essential while program or stabIlity InII.. Institutions with one- .S'r; ammn.sma.tee TO Tres., is, .rc-non xi us, and necessary for the w.'ifaie of the people, but allunitS fourth 01 It. people movIng every year and a great part iii ...... , mc- of lilt Government should avoid squandering ii) Aruiairr Ill real property to the United Stain that the Fed- of the other. nuoving every 2 or 3 years. and waiting eral land halite xxi. awn oatrught wiusaat siuy rechesiptisa the peoples' tait money. rigilma Feom the farm census of 1933 We Icarfied thlist there were I submit, Indira amid gemuttm'nue.i,Iat surch slit I'. Is's ml Mr. ANDRESEN of Minnesota. aui.tasJdi.i$ in farmer owsers whirl, shs' acid h'etierai land bsnhs Will the genUenian yield? a., hereby sottiarised and directed to trao'..ler sadconvey 5a th. 3.899.000 farm owners as compared withl 2.885.000 farm ten- drcate an alarming eondutur,n lti uur so,'I.sl or,l,'r 'I ing l,,r Mr. ROIISION of KentuckyNot just now. We now S.nr.taey oh the Tr.a.uey, for Which the said r'cderaI landbank. aiml.. In the UnIted States as a Whole, or that a little more rm medial legislatlimn.And It breomp's cur's nuort' a arming trace about 100,000 foreclosures of Government loans tail sonept from the beseel.sry at the Trenaucy is caching. than 42 percent of our farmers were enants, and that In when we consider it., growth by the thrr.far Federal land Lana imk oh eqaai valorif,site asia. In 1009the carla st dat. at H 0. L. C.. and I understand that before anotheryear macncr she secretary at Agetemiltuer aiunit ureqoir. within 0 months the South, where tenancy ran hIghest, It reached 54 porcent which we have available irufoimationIhi, tr'mlauuç'y losrecirt- there wiltbe.perhaps. 160,000 farm torecloxurea by the real property agnmnts 0011cm, the }'rrtcrai input brat, at the age wan only 236. at ills adoption at this act hald at,erlit'a rertincatca time average, with the peak In MisstssIppl at 34 percent.In my Tn.tJayIt iu 42.1, Ihuuvithun., c;vcsdliy Federal land bulks and other credit agencies ofthe Oov- nicitt.. For the parposraafauch.scmia,..5 or judg- own State, wIth an average of 84.3 percent. IS countIes have Increased ha shown Os follows: errnvent, We are niakriigioatiy tire nalmir of assis tunes as many tenant rent pr.ipnrty shrill s. the ''care5 Imu'jitiuc'' a. ii aispeara on th. 15 percent or more of tenant...The percentage for Ala- Tear: P.'T,',nuiiv,ru,ur' V fuimers atid tenant home owiiers as we can posaiblymalt. boahs at the asia Pertcrni land hash, an tireInst day at the bama. county by county, Is ahowmi by the tohtowing table: 100 ...... 258 of farm aiud hommie owners under this bill.I now yield to month nest pr.v.ding the adaptias at till. art; and the Pndernl S'S 0 ihe gentleman fu oimi Minnesota laad bniuk atark shalt be iaia.sm at parTile beorelary at Agel. 1000 35 3 ctiitsre shall acqal., harLliwith all rr.i property as acqaleed by Nurl,hriNun7., 1510 Mr. ANI)RESEN of Minnesota. The argument iisn,ri 3'? 0 the gen- it,. Secretary of tim. TernmsryProt'rdeui That the roaveyanne a 1020 35I tleman lust mad, would educate that in nuanyInstances aurh real prapefly may hr m.d. uiider any prrmcsdiira adaptedby 1023 35 7 tenants are latter off than the mcii owning farms, ths Oavrrm,ar ci tis. farm Credit Artniii,iatnrtivn the Sonretars 3030 I think at A sitoea sq 43 4 Ilie gentleman is right iii, 'rreacary, slid the S.'rretaryvf Aurleultar. direct fromis. St tans 43 I Pesserai land bank, to the .sud Secretor, of Agriculturewithout a, o.i Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. The tag bun den Iabeing in- soy iiutcrnprstl:rmu, trirv.rer ttieom.46h tile Secretary irk the Trenasry. lass 5. The problem a. to the South cannot be esplalned away creased Taxes arc ilicreasing moore and inure, and perhaps The pravialan, of arctics 355 at the Rrvised statutea as amended luieu,,im a. me, Ia by the presence of the Negro, for fron, 1920 to 1933, while rvt,ting tar.atrietton. authe arqoistti.rml of land by the UnIted 'i,,lisk a, is. sq the farm owners and home owners are becomingdiscouraged Stat.. ahnii not uppi, to tI,rh tran,frrs anti conveyance., 111.0.0 3.7,7 .4 lhe number of Negro farm teiiumnts In tile Souhhiern Stairs in tlieui' efforts to hold their farms and Uirlr hoinea Th. l'.iOcOs & aw 02 Let Srsretar, at Agricaissrr aiisii ednirniater tad dispoae at uunli real 7, decreased by 902,000, the s.Iulte farm teilamita during thirr us help to make farm owners out of tenant farmer. but at property as heerinalter prrarribed Is this art i'm,-,,'- s. au .5 some Iserlod IncreaSed by 140,000. the same tune let us help those who have farms to hold LIst sq Mr. MAHON of Texas.Mr. Chairman. will the gruittrnuan farms and keep then. their Mr. DOXEy. Mi. Chaiunsan, I yield the balance 01niy a is. a Irvin becomingtenantfarmers, time to the distinguished grntli-nian ft um Alabama lMr. ri-k.. "ass St yIeld? I Applause I t,m.I a. Cia as Mr. SPAfl.eAN. Yes, SIn.,.., lit. a id 5, Mr. DOXEY Mu Ciia,u'niimn, I yield 3 minutes tothe gen- Mr. HOPE 37, Mr. MAIJON 01 Texan.I may say on that p;nivt thigh l.a ileznan from luirsa Mi WasaiNi, Mr. Ch.ilrman I yield the remainder at the i',,um.uu 5.7'S a, tIme on thIs sIde to the gentleman trom Alabama, 1 las than 2 percent of the people In mriy tlrstriot arc Np'rtroes gird Mc WEARIN. Mr. Chairman,t the time the Committee I, 81 percent of the farmers are tenants, which clearly show's on Agriculture Was discussing the subject of tenancy I sub- Mr SPARKMAN. Mr. Cliaiiniam,, for the Itrst time since (III ai this is not a Negro probleni. btcrmtng a Member of thIs House I have asked for 3. 3M '9 mnitti's,l a stati-nuctit that was included in the hearIng. tIme to the Mr. SPARKMAN.I thank ihe gentiemami for liii colitri- Later. Speak.I have done so now because the measure under Iiaa Ii I addreaaed the House at sonic length concerningpending u-lint' butlon legistatmon iti that field consideration strikes so near to the heart of the district and as I have alto discussed the questIon ha-i 01 We arc all more or Im'ss famIliar whElmI tie haul. stctron which I have the honor to reprrsu'nt and because , 550 under varioin eurcantol'anees in many paris of the country. V.. ,uu.rh.i,u , problem IlIaC vexed inland for so lung s hill.,'Wer,'',ull Ills of t,uclt hfiip:rrtance to our entIre Nation I believe that La,, I make thus statement iii explanation of my InterestIn the fit Fu...aur 'a how In h807 It led to an opm'mm revolt which, aitIIu,iimshu a matter for a lung tunic past other It'islation has had such a widespread demand, }sr.uia,,. 3, ms 07 During the recent past the press everywhere has been h'i,r,iLila 3.715 a fallu,-e. forced England to tile efIrII'tfnef.t I., 1070 of ii mud There Is ho question that the country Is expectingthis Ir.g out the need br it poInt- 1.701 law for Irish farm tenants.At that iiiurs' 93 Is-reeist cf hue Congress to pass tenancy legislatIon of sonic sort. Editors and tseeacherz. students lxi: Au I have ani teachers. form traders, Industrialists ,, 5(0 7i Irish tanners Were tenatihs and omily 3 percum,t were pruviicis. vtlrted bm'foem-, I prefer to call it land liuechsasc buslnrssnmrn_ Ccii Since the enactment of that farm-ti'miant n,,'asiure far Ire- and resale Iladers in u'vm'ty II tegislallon rglimr rIhismi tenancy legislation, walls and profcssunnsr'nslng Ilie great & 555 To I believe Uie need hair argued br It. t. -is as land there ha been a sterrujy Shilling of itlose ltgmipes IirrtIl Inyehotoglcat 'ff'ct of 11w terni Is better, The Nation-Wide demand for ju,Ir, 1.-s. 5, cii today the flgumres arc exactly cc wined, with 97 Iscrccmit l.,rrnh farm-tt'n'.iit legislation mates It ljnimcrisilse that thisCon- 3 ha Trrororruie at the appropriate time when the bittis being gress emmact it. t. iii owners aild 3 perci'nt henalits ci nil rzmnit'r tire 5-minute role I expect to uffem an amnenijnmeflt Many people fm'el amma anuniu'rnf mIll's, hun.' sun ihnuitline irryscif, winch silt involve ii principle I feel Is fundamental, us great cry for fanii-tcnaiut hi'glsiahion Is not unnat- how 3.;s,i uval. artificial, or arbitrary,tt is rite nstural outgrowth of present measure oulhines S pr,rg irrflu cmuiren'lytrilluirudi'st- tmfld which h,s been demonstrated as being such In other that It would be better ho ptin.i hone its cr'miar,ti'ra p loulilt lund-tenure ccnditlons that are apluroac'hiiimg, If not already St "is a, sum p. eounliies wheim- they tiauie attempted to dcxl with thisprob- at, the danger point, Smni.s,o a more adequate progrsni crrnihd helmnilu,itp'uI, I for our tin I think it requires no argument to Lt,mcu,mo Pt.....,r'i,,limient will incorporate in the pending billa 0, iii should have prefened iillirgr'r nulh,nri.'nuimom.iiplh a c-stun I'.. .alreim-Iiy bock up a slatt-nlent that home nwtiershlp by farmersIs ,, 3ss 57 lie Serictary of Agriculture shall receise hlglsJy desirable, 0, sic as program. But I am cunviliced ill it we uursal i,i.rkp' a an un the laod now owned by the Federal land banks Only In that way can We Obtain atabihity Si.,i.,re Thu measure l.a start iii the ruu,ht direr? inrru and shall of our social order. St,,u.m, I'urnm tm'I,;iuncy WIdespread farnm tenancy is aisrimya I, isi e.0 resell suchtmmviieely to lenant isurchoses's on a long-teem- bI..uris.,rsstr . Is a problem Ihat eniurot be worked uriS a threat--It Ia a concer that slowly but surely eata Into . a, ml. Ii, a yearne a nw Si eoniraet bosis. The aniendnient will not be long, years, nor rail It be esItil or covt'i,'d by a sips Ic Irs' e,r.pn'tu 1 be eonmpiic'.ited nor will it Ibm- vitals of a democracy and undermines itsvet? life. It Ian I.e printed on one typewritten page It in by this Congress.It Will call for a hun,: ruu,i urluctr log ma - has reached that cancerous stage in the Uiulted States hIt,, ill II lint been bi'iore this House for a long tIme, because 'Ins 75 perlmetits, changes, Onit',rdmnm'miio rat mi cc,:1:515 'nrairf I have The barns census of 1033 uhowed that of the 2.885,000 ten- Ii,urr,u,11.ir St wi itch the viii uris Meunbees upon itt leant two different It,, s-U work. ace,- ant farmers of this Nation 34 2 percent of them were bungle a. ins 7' Agaism turnlmmg to Irc'lnuid, hue dr i'.sw of 1079 ihiut uiotms u,mi the subject, anti have discussed it before the Home 3 via S not Work out the problem. As I recall, a ow inn Sri. ma 'nh uloro at leant one occasion, The peiflclple thereof I year Icnants.This xmvans that In the Slide of Misslwsippi. tli,cIi, a. Sn 50 Inc.?-Which has the highest percentage of faurn tenancy-70 per- Clot a few year. laterhOOt-slid mit-es frillouseil tIm I08u. 1000, Iutrraled in my bill II B 5239 1'.uiti...... 1gM. h898. h003, h000, and 1935- a Plug, mIi:,rlhiirrir. gr,ri,nrn,r cent--every year 24 percent of the people in the farm 'i,,ui:,i..sot 3.10. Sn I vioiply take ibis oplssrtunjty at calling theatheni ion of corn- 'i',e,i,oI.a en 07 program, but one that has pissed cht'ctiwcI to I cip' SirE muzihty move on to other fansss. aS'.uit,nu , a' ihc nii'nibi'rshup to the fart that at the appropriate In my own State of Ala- a. 1I 41 we can expert a s:tnllar dci elopisiriut imi trr'- time the barns WIth a 84 3 percent taran tenancy, 22 percent of the Si,.errri,giuo- 1.51. Li i his'ruin ci' I ano'nitmcnt wilt be placed before the House and I will W,in,s., Ileve that It Is time to Start. at- Wilson ni tu-oipi to dioeumnii It as extensIvely as tins. WUI permit farmers change farm. every year. And It means that In a. Sn sq Peraonahhy, I wish to cosureshuhato' ttrr: Ai:rii ul mar,' Cn,rul - tue S-minute rule. under Issy own county 01 Madisoesone of the greatest agaleal- Tate mci, sOs Ira. lIt 111 fillIes of thus Ilouse for rcpos hlng this bill ost. .. frir gi. its: 'utah counties In the Southeastwhere 32 percent of Ins Something to atart on.It Is fiat ali that I should wrshi, S S &186 CONGRESSIONALRECORDlOUSE JUNE 28 1937 CONGRESSIONALRECORDHOUSE 6187 should like to see under title! a proving perioda time forbecome agaIn self-respecting, self-supporting CitIzens 61 In ;b. vase of a federal stat., the piece of ehi, h to euler lvii, Mr. DOXEY. Mr. Cloalrusats, I move that tile Committee eonv.alloae on labor Ins is balmS 50 ilailLal lull,,I aall,, IiI,, truEing and leleeting the new ownerslupervlalng them to be their ComlnunitlesA carefully planned relaabibtatlon pro- do Slow rIse. Is 55. di,cretios of that government to 5,el.S.araTSel,l,iuI,ii,lli am.' that they might be capable of becoming an owner; also gram can be molt effective.In Alabama. as well as else- The motIon was agreed to. to Whith curb UmIaatlons appiy as a eenonavelIdali,lll 00010. enS I showd like to see a method of 550urtng protection from where, the fttscttleinent Administration has done a great Accordingly tile Committee rose, and the Speaker having the lI6OtbslOne Of (lila artlel. with rv,peet tO e,'e,a,l:oer,dol '.1:1 l.isd speculators and from the viclssitudm of land boom, and shall Ipply Is suds oa,o, (Arm a 141'2i. p.400, CCioali1011I.l of work lii this held, and here and now I wish to compliment resumed the Chair. Mr. Dalvgs, ChaIrman of the Committee tbl interasaloosal Labor Oegaai000ioii) depressions.But as I study this bill, aside from the part that agency for It.The following table speaks eloquently of the Whole IIouE.e on the state of the Union, reported that dealing with subaigisal lands, I believe It will do three and eomovincliigly: In accordancelth tile foregoing undtmlski,it,', tilemlvii:'' that Committee, having bad under consideration the billnamed three draft conventIons and two recoollhlt'li,iail,.I: tiiinijs that are badly needed: RayS rchabilllsllo,s'. ,Slobov,a III, It. 7582) to encourage and promote the ownership of First. It will cheek that eecr upward nwtnglng curve Of are herewith aubsmsltlaud to the Comigress wIth tile aci.01fl- farm homes anit to make possesolon Of such homes more pallying report of tIme Secretary of State and Is enelosuara. furi.i-lçiiancy Ilicrease. 115 1134 III? aecure, to provide for the general welfare of the United Second. It will encourage and enable new farm ownershIp, States, to provIde additional credit facilitIes br agricul- to which the attention of the Congress Is Inultnd. lnslliiing into such new owners a feeling of pride, a new feel- I wish particularly to cab to Ilse attentIon of clii' C11n5're',a CMtl,01 - 17.1,1 72.441 fltO tural development, and for other purposes, bad conse to no tIle draft convention (no, 511 c011cermhlng the reductIon of Ing of ownership In the soil, in the community. In the social $141II 1163 III 1115 reaoluUon thereon, order, In the Government, iai lii 5145 di lies hour, of work on public works, and recommend that action ii .4 arch, $305 $31747 $151 64835051' £5034 TIll £51515151 Of Till 0761T15 574113-"itZZlCOJl be taken by the COngress mm this diaft nonvelition at 11,5 T1ilid It will rehabilitate and give securIty to the tenant. Clash, I,,,, 01 cLaiMs cOMMIssION SlaIn l,,li5 lbs ms 11:17 earliest convenience. at Ilie same time giving protection to the landlord and to that 010 01 lilt 'File SPEAKER laid before the House the following me,- FOSIIKLIN U. RoossvLLT, piii'eless natural resourcethe soIl itself, Many a landlord. $411145.. do III UI 734 IbIS III iTt ass sage from the President of the United States which was Tilt WlUr. Honsl, Jane 28, 1937, hImself hard pressed La maintain his farm, In an effort to get do 101 aLl Ill read, and, wIth the accompanying papers, referred to the - do Sal NI 954 enough cash from the crops to support tslonselt and his ten- COmmIttee 015 Foreign Affairs: ants, seen his soil being ntrlpped. powerless to put Into effect Tolaio,hc,,sib flO.11177 15.00,15.71 asIo.sS COeeflSllICl uPOn ON 7711 SELlEr 171,1, Mr. WOODRUM. Mr. Speimknr, I ask una.nlmnoile coti'irnt a program of rotatIon and ioU building crops wIthout turn- b:,IIe.oai To tile Cospreis o/ Me 1/nil ed Siafe's; log sway isis telosnIs with no means of support. They have Total mice..., ass0e0) less, 52310 0537, l4.aOl,4a6O I transmit hcmewith a report by the Secretary of Stalethat tile Comnolttee On Approprlali000 may have u(iiil Sllld both la'Cilinethe victims of an economic condItIon from recoinesending the enactment of Irgisiation for the purposes night tonight to Ills a conference report on the relief bull. which they cannot escape by themselves. RehabIlItation wIll I cannot add to the arguments presented by the abyss described therein. Mr. 'FABER. Mr. Speaker. reservitse tile rIght to oblect. Ogures, but I do wish to call your attention to the Increase The recommendations of the Secretary Of Slate have my Is It the Intention of the gentleman to bring up Uae con- give relief to Use landlord as well as to the tenant whom be Is in net worth of each family from 82.02 to $382 In a perIod now carrying. approval, and I requnst tile cnactmsnt of legislation for ference report the flrst tlalng in the morning? Tue illogram Is not entirely untried and uncharted. Tim of 2 years, and also to the almost complete revrrsal of per- tile pui poses lomtlicats,'d. In order that tilt diliictslt.y that lIsa Mr. WOODRUM, Yes. Resettlealezst Adnilnlstrallou, during the last 3 yearn, haS centage of 1151mg using mules and those using steers from arIsen In relation to the jurisdictIon of the Special Mexican The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the requiat of Use bought and placed temianl,0 on nearly a thousand farms-.- 1035 to 1937.In 1935 only 13 percent owned maim with Claims CommIttee may be overcome. gi'ntleman from VirgInia? experimenting wIth thin same thIng and teSting the sIze andwhich to make their crops, the other 87 percent using steers. Fsssitu,fri D. ItoO There was iso objection, value of the economical faroi unIt. These experiments have In 1937 we Ond over 81 percent using mules and less than Till WIIITI llovsg, June U, 193?. CIII 1,310 530505551,1 JulIe W. elsbonosng 19 percent using steers,'File number of mIlk cow,lii- been carried on In 10 Souihern States. The table speaks for crrased from less than one to every two familie, to nearly Masses FROM Till PRzSIDINT OF Till UNITED sIaflsINII550- Mr. SMFFIf of Virginia.Mr. Speaker. I ask uIl,ilhInlouO Itself: four.0 every live families.The number having hogs In- IfoelaL 1,3105 O,GaNlZaIlON consent to proceed for I minute. creased more ihan a third; the number having brood lows The SPEARER laid before the House the following further The, SPEAKER.Is there objection to the request of the acomec Via Sm WlmpN more than doubled, while neatly every family now keeps message from tile President of the United States which was gentleman from VirginIa? Ella Calls am, poultry. read and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the There was no objection. Committee on ForeIgn Affairs: Mr. SMI'I'H of VirgInIa.Mr. Speaker, it becomes my sad Someone might be Interested to know that of the loans prIvilege and duty to announce the death of a forooi,'r Him- Ills cilia $21-- In Alabama during 1938 totaling 12,501.955.71. the amount 11 0 Iwo Is vi To tile Compress of f)Ie 1/sIted Slafes o/ America; ber of this llouse from VIrgInia, The honorable ,Iohses W, loll two ion of $1,846,887 has been collected, representing a percentage of Fishburne, of Charlottesville, Va., departed this life on (be tao tiii em a 8582 collected. 'lire Congress, by a joint resolution approved June 19. lit thiS 55111 251h Inutant.He was a Member of tile Seventy-secoild ('on- 157 clvi 5744 Under tills program the United Slates Government has 1034, authoriged one to accept membershIp for the Govern- gresa and served here with distInction.lie Is well bliolvas to $45 5711 ment of the United States In the International Labor Or- illS t155iii %ti been doing a real retsablUtatiola work aossong the farmers. many Members of tile Se'venly-Ufth Comitress 5150 sers'ed Ni tee nsiIn a way It, has been rebel, but the cheapest relief that the ganlnation.Pursuant to that authorization I accepted such psi 4,33 M with hlmn In the Bevenly-second Congress.lIe sos beloved Government could give.Far better than more relIef, how- melllbership on behalf of tile Clovernmoent of the Umuted by them, and I know they wsU aU join with mc in nlournlrig HI Iii t70 1134 ever. has been the m-v'bwlding of hunesn character, IcslUatIve, States. Isis departure. and community interest. Itepresentativcs oftills Government and of American flrrnsooN of vrMtvns A break-down of ihi' ;e experiments In the 18 countIes of In conclusIon I wish to quote from ass editorIal by Mr. employers and ASrerlean labor attended the TwentIeth Sm- alon of the InternatIonal Labor Conference, held at Geneva Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. Speaker, I 14.5k hiuileilniOus eOliseuit my own Stair where till Se farms were bought shows theJ. L Meeks. apprarthg May 27. 1937, in the 'FrI-Cities Daily to include in In extension of my relniarks certain tables re- foUowing Of Shemeld. Ala., one of the papers of which tie Is editor June 4 to 24, 19:18. That Conference adopted three draft conventIons and two ferred to thereIn, and also a very short eseerpt from an ind publisher, as follows: editorial relating to the pending bill, *v.1*5 Ovine. ma rising p.resassge ovar a period vi year. of gIrls tcnaasy recomnsendatlofls, to wit: The SPEAKER. Is there objectIon to the request of (ho ('4,11111 6iS The Draft Convention (no. 50) concerning the regulation 11714 am. surely 5.11. 55 171.6 isIs Is so sudden problem.II has been grow- Cal In Intensity until today ii has Imeom. a ocr. .1511 on ths body of certain special sy.tems of reel ulting workers. gentleman from Alabama? politIc. Wa shosid have started leekivg a sOisliva 65 The Recommendation (mis. 48) concerning the progressIve There was no objection. a sia lIsa ago Ws did not.C.etainly we sousa do so now ''.Al Mr. MAHON of Texas.Mr. Speaker. I ask onsriliiious con- Ia 1,5514 17N Noel any Shadof asiailidlpeOgessawillbebelier than elimInation of reerwting, sent to extend the remarks wtilch I made lousy in doscuanilig 26 Las, UN nothing 'floe Draft Convention mo. SI) concernIng the reduction the rule on the pending bill and to tnnert us connection N tMIS N,N A 55usd. well-admInIstered program to break up the downward 56 51126 157$ of hours of work on public works, therewith certain amendments which I expect to offer to the ill tilt 74 N- tread is mares-home owa.rsnlp must bvvoei. on, of th. prin- The Drat t Comsuentlon (no. 52i concernIng annual hotiday a s.Ilnla saw cipal propel.nl. Of lb. Fedarni Oovernznevt in the near (slur, or bill when It II consIdered under (he 5.nlinUie lale a huN 1771 within a few floe. year., the pre.15l dOWiIW,rhl spirni continuing, with pay, The SPEAKER.I. tbore oblectioli to tIle relioeol 07 1110 N tusH Nil we wIil become a nation vs prinoes sad paupers sad a astIOa 07 The Itecomunendallon ins, 471 concernIng annual holidays 43 134511 La arislovenie and prasnis And lion. vi us want that to happen, gentlenoan from Tbsau? Ia ''71w Ha with pay. There was no oblc'ction N 1,57512 II,, what with tsrspeaa espertenne. tnab in our mind ol SOW be- in i,N747 9- la.. It. In becoming a member of the organieatlon and subscrlb. CONTROL £745 lRfltiCtTliiN OF Tourer 1tl.73 76 4,55492 SIN Ing to Its constltulion this Government accepted the [01. a ti,sa ala The present measure Is a start.I view It as only the be- lowIng undertaking In regard to such draft conventions and Mr. MAR'I'IN of Colorado.She. Speaker, I ask alan 1:11,11.4 57 1,71526 $26 ginnIng.1 sun happy to speak and vote I or It, feeling that consellt to proceed for 2 nlliluics In order lustI may 57 t74711 SIN as time and experience show Its good points and its defects reconuncndatlons: acquaInt the Mousse with an Insect-pest enlergeney nslsilng ii, tei,o an 475th of the melniors uvllcrtnkei that It will, Within the period we shall work ouL and develop an adequate farm-tenbot at I year al most trollS tIle cil.niolg oh lii. .1701011 07 She cOeicr.i,ee, In the West. Now, Mr Chairman, speaking very brleliy concerning Use program.lAppiause.l Sr if It is lmp.SaIllie ailing to.nrCpalOeai eirvuinatanees to 010 as The SPEAICER.In there objeclloll Is tile ri'ui:iu', I oF 1111 IHere the gavrl fell.l wilhmn aho period of Iyear, thee al Ill, earliest prevllc.hle nba- gentlemsn front Colorado? rehabilitailon leaisre, I hale seen 11515 p ogram as carried ment and is noosae later than Ia mantIs, from the vIsing of on by tile Resettlement AdxnlnlaLrat.lon at work and can The CHAIRMAN.All time baa expired.The Clerk will the tnmoinn of tile rnllfvrenne Ileg III. r.vomsse,00latlon ol draft There was no objecUon. tesilfy as to u.s ei!rctivenesa.I have seen It actually brIng read the bib for amendcnrnt, colISebIlion belore 1114 nUthorlay or authoritIes wilbiot shoes von. GRAS5I4OPPE8 PLACeS IN Till sStST new life and new hope to men whomthe depressIon years The Clerk read as foilows: peloov. lit. sloane II.., for (II. enactment vi legialatboum Or other Mr. MARTIN of Colorado. Mr Speaker, OIl Abulit 01)17, trIbe isrt IS 14051, par. 6. Oaisstitssinaa of the Inlrrsatiaaai (lao hod left floundel Ing, hrlpleso, and hopeless.I have seen Se II e,sartod. clv, That this act amy 5, sIted as 104 FIem t,alsor OrgaaIztltlos.) the l'rehloient approved a joint rci,olu(mois auillori.i118 thseno absolutely down and out, and I have t seen them Seebmity t of 5537.1 6188 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JuN 28 1937 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE aum of $2000 000 to be made available annually for the pier- gxyrstagoe oe Ic.0a.ex 8.3. Re,. 154. Joint resolution to amend Use joint resolu- 654. A communication froor lire Pr,.siduoi of ituc United poor of conLeol and eradicatIon of Insect pests. On April 27. Mr DIMOND. Mr. Speaker. I ask unanimous consent to 1937,the Presldcnt approved a joint reaoluUon, being tion establishing the Oeorge Rogers Clark Sesqulcentensslal States, transmitting draft uf a proposed prrisision iiert.i,i. House Joint Resolution 319, appropelaUng 91000.000 for extend the remarks I made today with respect to H. B. 6900. Commission, approved May 23, 1928, as amended; to theIng to an exIsting appropriation of the Nalioiirrl ('siulliui i'll lhipurpose. The SPEAK. Is there objection? Csnumittee on the LIbrary. This appropriation has been completely cx- There was no objecUon. and PlannIng Comniission for ihe fiscal ye:ii1037 H l)ri hauicd, and now I am advised by agricultural extension Mr. HOPE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to AD.YOUtNlf CUT No 2741; to ihe Committee oh Apprullriailons ageotS tI'at the grasshopper situation Is getUng out of con- Mr. DOXEY. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House do Oils. A communication from tlti' Pre.suiI,nt of iii.'lii Ill, trol in the West. extend the remarks I made tlsiu afternoon on the farm- tenancy bill and to Include certain statistical tables. now adjourn. States. transmitting deftcicmicy estimates of aspi api La us11. The Senate has added an amendment to tjse wOrkflef The SPKA. 1. there objection? The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 6 o'clock for the fIscal year 1932 rand prIor yearsiiithe :,irnirI bill, wturh included the eradication of lp,5t peat. and There was no objection, and 92 mInutes p. tnt, In accordance with the order here- 9716 61. and a auppienieiii.aj estimate of appropriation br nunor miscellaneous Work projects, but that money will b. Mr. WEARIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to tofore adopted, the House adjourned until tomorrow, 'TUes- the fiscal years 1936-38 in the sum of 985.000. smoiilrtilig ii available for labor only and not for poison mix. extend my remarks and to Include therein an amendment day. June 29, 1937, at Il O'clock a. m. all to $55,756 Si, and two drafts of propped prooi.sioiro per' To meet this situation, there being no money whateverI expect to offer tomorrow, taln.ing to existing appropriations, for the Us'l,artmcuit 01 available now, the 91.000,000 havIng been expended, as a The SPEAKER. Is there objection? COMMITTEE HEARINGS Justice (H Doc. No. 2731; to the Committee on Approliri- last resource today I Introduced a resolution appropriafing ations and ordered to be prInted. another 91.000,000 for thIn very necessary work, and I There was no objection, cOMM,TTO. oN MacHour saint a., ,Isuixamfl n- 586. A lelter from the Secretary of War. tramlsnriit liii.1 cerely hope that favorable action may immediately be had liar. or aax.aci The Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries willletter from the ChIef of toigineers, United Statu'.s Arm,. on the resolution, By onanlosous c005ent, leave of absence was granted as hold a publIc hearing In room 219, House Office Build- dated June 17.1937, aiib,nllitng a report, together lcrih In aupport of the resolution which I have just Intro- follows: Ing, Washington, D. C., Tuesday, June 29, 1937, at to a. m.,accompanying papers and iiiustrations. on a prelrniinary duced. I may cIte the fact, as stated in the Appropriation. Tu ide. Bucgs.gs of Minnesota, on account of illnesa, on H. R. 6039 and H. R. 7309, known as the "FIshery CreditexamInatIon and survey of Bayous La Loulrc. Saint MLii,i. Committee report on H. J. RaS. 319. that the aisthermsalion sioua 0 wwms ?oisoaaow Act" bills. arid Ysclmkey, La. authorior'd by the River amid Ilartuor carried in the resolution of April 6, 1937, vu based upon Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent COMM. N WILITAaV se,alas Act approved August 30. 1935 .tH. ISleNo. 2751; to lii,: the Budget estimate tberetof ore oiibvnitlsslto Congaes. that when the Home adjourn. today it adjourn to meet at The Committee on Milliary Affairs will meet at 10.30Committee on RIvers arid Harbors and orderedtobe by the President, with his approval, and Usal the sum of 11 o'clock a es. tomorrow. a. m., 'Tuesday. June 29, 1937, for the consideration of H. R. printed, wIth illustrations $2 "'70 recommended vu solelyfor the control and The SPEAKER.Is there objection? 74114, to amend the act entitled "An act to amend the act 887. A communication frurn the President of the UnrIu'd eruduation of grasshoppers. The loinl resolution as passed Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker. I reacree the right to object. entitled 'An act authorizing the conservalion, productIon.States, transmitting an estimate of appropriation br tire included Mormon crickei,s and chinch bugs, but the pointIs it contemplated that we go on with this but at that time and exploitatIon of helIum gas, a mineral resource pertain- CIvilian Conservation Corps for the Itoesi year 1938. amOunt- I make is that Use Budget estimate vu for grasshoppers or take up a eonferenoe report? Ing to tile national defense and to the development of ing to 0310.000.000 ill. Doc. No 2761; to the Commnrtiee on only and It was estImated that $2,000,000 would be required, Mr. RAYBIJRN. commercial aeronautic,, and for other purposes.'" Appropriations and ordered to be prInted. One million dollars was appropriated,I regret very much It bad been the thought to take up the conference report, and that Is the reason for asking that coMMi N Nova., area... 868, A communication from thur President of the Uiiii, d Indeed that recent developments have borne out the Budget We meet at that hour. States, transmItting a supplemental estimate ruf at,proprialioui esttmale. The etisaustion of th. 91,000,000 in 60 days speaks Open heiaring will be held before the full Committee on br ItocIf. The SPEAKE_R.is there objection to the request of the Naval Affairs at 10:30 a. m, on Tuesday, June 29, 1937. to tor the railroad retirement account. Railroad Rz'tiremeirt gentleman from Texas? eo.sslder H. R. 7216, urssignnient of officer, for duty under Board. ammounting to 999800000 1H floe. No. 2771; to the The Bureau of Entomology advises me that Arkansas, Committee on Appropriations amid ordered to be lirtnied Oklahoma, Montana. Colorado, South Dakota. and Wyoming There was no objecUon. the Dcportnmc'nt of Comnierce.Important. gxtcaslo,. or ..vauts 589. A letter from the Acting Secretary oftire tnirrlor. are badly infested and that North Dakota, Nebraska, and coMMirrer ON Time aisrosrr,u,q 0, ExEcotIv. P0P55 tranumltting a copy of legIslation passed by tire titrmuriruuu.,i Kansas and other States are in line for invasion. Mr. DOXEy. Mr. Speaker, during the course of the Tue Comniillre on the Disposition of Executive Papers Council of St. Thomas and St John, and approved by t(uit The agriculturai.extenslon agent In Colorado wIres me general debate on the bill this afternoon In Committee of will hold a public heariiig in room 246, known as the Civil Governor of the Virgin Islands. to the Corniiruttee on Imisiii,ur that 4,000 square miles in that Stale are badly Infestedthe Whole, our beloved and distInguished Speaker In the Service Comitilttt e room. In the House Office Siiilding. Affairs. and in a telegram dated June 26 he said they would takecount of his remarks referred to some atatiatic which he at 10:30 a. us . 'I'lsursday, July 1, 1937. on H. R. 7104, to 600. A letter from tire Acting Secretory of the Tieosiir c. wing in about 10 days.He says, and I quote-. expected to place In the Recoats u a portion of his remarks. provide for the disposition of certain record. 01 the United During toy discussion of the rinse bill I referred to souse trasisusitting a draft of a proposed bill to inreirri ill..' Adjuistril Tiss isu.tion Is riling nut of control bau.s of insdequuta States Gun rlsinetit. Compensation Payment Act, 1030. as amended, to the COUu- osppii.s Slid is very discouraging 10 larsra liar. 1aug01 as statIstics.7 did not have Ume to go Into the details, but rigorously and rilertIvely to dais. stated that if they were the same statistics to which the coamMiregs ON MERCI1*liT MA'ftig alma FI5HtOhE5 OUtlet on Ways and Means. Re faIrly begs for additional mixture and the Bureau ofSpeaker referred I would not ask to have mine made a 'Ilie COmtoittce oii Merchant Marine and Fishenes will Entomology says there is no money to furnish it.A farmerpart of my remarks. The statistics 1 have iii mind are a hold a public hearinc In room 219, House 010cc Building.REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON l'tJ[tLlC 1311.12 ANti who Is running a mixing station In the Infested area graphi- break-down of the tenancy problem with reference to vari- Wednesday, July 7, 1937. at hO a. m., on H. R. 7158. to ex- RESOLUTIONS cally describes the situation as follows- ous States, showing the number of faimers In each Stale, cept yachts, tugs. towboats. and unrir.ged ves,eis from cer- Uitder clause 2 of rule XIII, the number of tenants and owners. and so forth, which are tain provisions of Ilic act of June 21, 1936. as amended. Tv. 'hoppers smus thira lost 000s.Uy the ebois 1.0. of the Mr. IIIt,L of Washington: Curmnuit tic.oniii,'Pull, ..flh seems tn be moviog when they aol on ills WQVO. dIfferent from thooe which Use Spraker intend. to include COMMIrTeE on iNTrr.$Tsnt ANDO.sicu coMMesci Laflds. within his rtssarks. H. R. 3866. A bull to add crrturui(riots toiii,' And this means that they are only crawling at ass esti- Therefore I ask unantmouu consent 'I'hiere will be a meetIng of the Committee on interstate Collimbia Natlonol Forest in the Stotv of Wrishiiugtoir; whir to include in my remarks certain statistics,I understand and ForeIgn Cotonierce at 10 a. m.. Wednesday, July 7, 1937. amendment tRept. No 11131 Referred to the Coinoiliiie mated rate of 2 miles per day. When they take wing there the Speaker had in mind at*tiaucs in reference to regional ix no telling where they will go, so intereat in the campaign on hi. R. 5192 and 18. R. 69h7-texiile bIlls. of the Whole House on the state of the Union. matters. Mr. DrROUEN: Committee on tIre Public L.iuiul.'.IIIt of extermination Is by no means limited to the present in- The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of Use coaamnne on ta.mcnrmo,. on, orcoaMunlon tested area, of Which there Is more than 4,000 square miles In There will be a meeting of the CommIttee on IrrIgation 5593 A bill to provide for the addItion or adujrilomr.s of ii- gentleman from Mioslosippi? taln hinds to the Port Donelsrin Notional Military I'.rilrii uoullscustern Colorado, u agalnet 290 square miles to any There vu no objection, and Reclamation in ioom 126. House Office Building, at prior ins iislon. 10 a. rn. Wedner.d,iy, June 30. 1937. for the consideration oftIle State of Tennessee, rind for oihcr purposes; witii,,at The committee report accompanying Rouse Joint Resolu- escort an... am. joint onotu'no,. a.rxaflo 5. 2681, to autitorige tile consiruciioii of the Grand Lake.Btg ametsdoient IRept. No 11141.Referrv.j io the Conhiurrt i tion 319 stated that "the campaign contemplates the Slates Bills and a joint resolution of the Senate of the following Thompson Tramisosountain watrr'diversion project as a Fed- of the Whole Ilouxe vii the stole of itu: Ijirion affected, the survey indicatIng possibility of part, of 24tItles were taken from the Speaker', table and, under the eral reelauitation project, and H. N. 7600. to authorize appro- Mr. VOORHIS: Cointirtt trrsi tIn' PurI'lief .riiuuts It £7 plo .-. I,rig involved,"This mba the situation of the aspect rule, referred, u follows: prialions for the construction of the Arch Hurhey Con- 0685. A bill to facilitate t lie cotitrol 01 sOil crrishurir irol ft. Sri of a merely local threat, 8.3661. An act granting the consent of Congress to a servancy District In New Mexico. damage originating upon lands aitluiti the coterior touiiuid- Mr. Speaker, I have contacted In the last 2 or 3 dajicompact entered into by Use States of Maine and New aries of the Angeles National Forest in lIre State of Cali- fornia; wIth amendment iRu'pt. No. 11151. every agency of relief with the result that apparently there Hampshire for the creation of Use Maine-New Mampoblre EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. Referred tolie is no relict except the appropriation of the addlUcoal Interstate Bridge AuthorIty; to the Committee on Interstate Committee of the Whole House on tIre stoic' of tIre Un $1,000,000 recommended by the Director of the Budget, an and Foreign Commerce. Under ehauuo 2 of rule XXIV, executive communIcations Mr. DgROIJEN :Coiolnrtter Oil tire I'iibtiu' i,ourils hIii amount which, expi'ndcd at this time, may save several wire taken from the Speaker's table and referred a. follows: 7056. A bIll to direct till' Secretary of tIle Our' ci Ire tru nor r, 8.2862. An act authorixlng the Maine-New Hampshire In- A letter from the Assistant Administrator, Federal time. that amount in crop losses, not only In the infested terstate BrIdge AuthorIty to construct, maintain, and operate tile Slate of Vligiluim Itioltie Umiitcd Slumi rOissLrr,re, p1,11,,' areas but in adlaccnt sections which will shortly be Invaded Emergency Adiiuinistratiomi of Public Works, transmittIng jurlsdictiun over tise lautuls i'lrrbrnceih a itiruti tlir' Sliuiu;,rurnit a toll bridge across the Ptscataqua RIver at or near Porta- draft of a proposed bill for the relief of VirgIl D. Alden; to unless these pests are exterminated us the ground.I mouth, Slate of New Hampshire; to the Committee on Inter- National Park, and for oilier purposes,s':il iiiuuscliut strongly urge immediate and favorable consideration at my state arid Foreign Commerce. the Consmlttee on Claim., iNept. No. ihl6i,Refrrri'd to the C'ouiimiltcr ut tire Vu' lotus resolution, not on my account, but on account of th, dis- 8.3661. An act to authiorixe the constructIon of the A letter from the Acting Secretary of Commerce.House on the stste of tIle Uniu,ts. tressed farmers and communIties which have lost so mardi Colorado-Big Thompson project u a Federal reclamatIon transmItting draft of a proposed bill with reference to the Mr. DzIOOUEN: Counnsittce onlie ['ott,,' I clot, hiIt through drought the past 4 at 6 bmw. project; to lbs Committee on Irrigation alliS Reclamation, cxch,nge of two lighthouses in the Territory of HawaII; to 7411, A bill to establish the Son Join Nit,oirl $touuirio,u I. the Committee on Merchant Marine and FIsheries, P R., and br Other pupas,',, without amuu,urdiiru.'rrtr II. lit S I'('ORD-I1OUSF JUNE 29 6512 CONG1E3S1ONAL 1 1937 CONGRESSIONAL RECOIII)-JIOIJSE 6513 at n v:itri,rllirun 01 $3,000 each. Iroiclini; and subsistence expenses. The Secretary strati niean 11cr' Fur gin to ii eonnv' is Prooirtirrr; himvaills a firms amsd s isonse.I om riot fonnhlinrr Yet I hey call this a r'r-rnr'h ,rl I lo'l bill. to conmilnel tin' Post 010cr 1)-part nil lit to lIeu, CiiiIti,Isle- also pri'seiibe rules grvcinhrig tire procedure of the roirrfliit- Wrlh tire siuom ccmomnper and the tenant in souse sections of the turns Ion in muchit 000 eat,ibirsuii-d tic pci lorm- 'lime 5'cond Cong r'ssiomiirtDliii mt of liliehigari. whichI tee. furnish forms and equipment i icceasary for country, but in ny own lerritory we have Ira higher elas Mr. t..UCKEY of Nebroskua.lion- -,mteiut lire siiU':iriy? of liai-e I lIe horror to I n'pi cot lit.is dm1110 all of four ocr icultrrr;rl farmers thon a large perceartage of our farnu teniamrts, aird alice of their duties, nod provide for the cuiripensati011 Ire thIs echoIc. the number of Mr. BUt.WINKLE. If liie gn'nmllermnani 0:11 vein lire a 'I-. it "erieti cicircirl assistahrce as he deems olay be rcquoed by tire eonhrities. rrnrdiii oritiarri to I they cannot be tarrIed farnris, lire Inolmitici of liii orterror is. arid tire pt rccritage of qaestion, would ihie gild meinmuro nmrnud in-iinmrline Cinnurninir 1.-a coroiiiiitee." There can be iso scr:urhty in farm ownership unless farm- shat plain ire wmruid trnirsue? tenancy in c:u'li county areas follows: ing on tIle frimhly-suzuid farms Is profltrrumle NOW, airy (ann iennnt desiring to get iretti under this Oct Ilm'trtnd the ten- Mr. MICIISNI:l6I say fe,-irnlilytln,rtlike liii' I'll; must orate uptilicatiorl to this counily cominiliec.Tile corn- ant Question Is the pa olulem of price and tmrcminrc. The real ft 0111 North C.rrolmrn.r aird all mntircr si nidemili nillii-r','i iiii - millie oril examine and appraise the farm ttie tenant do. essenstirsl to sircccsslul agriculture Is to malrmtrsinr a fair and hirrat problem, I trove finunnd it ioip;rssnbie In del i'iilhiiierhiiii Sires to pureii.rse. arid. if ira the judgment of the comorittee, stable price for the products of the farm.Without that a posrtioe. sprcilic Slim. Itir' tcr;aiit melts tIre requrrcmelits of the act. itahail so price no famuner can long succeed.That price must be the I mto riot bmnosn just 0 inrui'inmni Id of be done, arid riorule d.c iiiii's.I woriinl onily rim, miii hi liii's cr'iii(y to the Secretary, including tile recoml000rlOtiOfl actual cost of produclion plums a rearronnbte profit, and worlta. and riot rmioki-.ho'Iics'c liiimrgs. it lou flied iii lin'iim iii- liii, ri.arrviitee as so the ansoulit lvi be liralied to purchase to rio wimlie (arm legislatIon mint recoglileg that trulh.There Is Mr. BULWINNI,E.I thonin;irt tire vi rhtienrirrir arr l,ua no disputIng time fact ihat as a generul proposition the some eonnsidecoiiouu to tirisubjcct.What plino Wu,oiiltinm apyrooed by this committee. larmer has 1mm-en operating at a lam durIng ilie last fiw years. gentlr'man bring lam? loranrs made under this act sliatt be in auch niniOulit "as may 'rise term "f,rnn tenants" Used lii the lrationai sense Is Eilnmminsate tire aubsldiv's paid by the Qos'crnmment and he Is Mr O4IC1tENIOIt.Will, time hirot thimnng I iiorrhihlii if I li-nil be necessary 10 enable tue borrower to acquire list (son"- operating at a loss today.Are there Subaidit's tin conitinunesly wnry woutrl tar io glee lIre far nih-c tIne A inn, iii is just as oarmr'd as is tie tCinl iiink m tlr;it means tOO percent of tile purchase price--and shrill be nmrest comtnrm'laelisioc.it pernmansently. and if so, In what tommyThis Qmrestion must "farm."In CalifornIa, wlir'n we talk about farmers, we I wriuld cut out tlioi.u: marIa of lime C.rnnudiurn aIim] nil .ini. secured by ltrst mortgage fioela by tilt purchaser to the 8cc- be anuwened and a deilnito policy for rrgrir:ulture niust be cnprucat trade ogreenriensto wlnrchm burl ale rsganr at possibly mean a grower of nuts or fruit. cultrvatimlg 10 aCres. establIshed before we attempt anything like iltle I of this bull. inn iii rciory of Agriculture. in Kansas we possible have to nstnu.t a wheat larmer. growing can farnmner.I sr-miulml tuass a tow muiabumng ittbnisiniiii' fur mliii Tire 1000(0cc sunt prooide for tire repayment 01 the loan Who is ihcre among troll who would advise his son to go country to grow its own sirh:or. aund mrnoleu't ull 1.000 or niore acres hf wheat.In Jrrsoa it may be a corn In dcbt 100 pererart in any tine of industry aimd be required ,rr;iin.iii In (alt willrin 30 years, with Inleresi at tire raie of 3 percent agamst ilnluorls fronnu Cumrud,r ann other cormnnrmes oh hire tIne firmer, with 200 or 300 acres of corn, while in one of tue to nuake a imvruag for Ills frmnnlly, pay taxes, tamsmrrance, annd per rriiiiuin. ..nd the payments nhsU be made "in installments cctton States we flay have tar mind several lauiidred acres cost of prontucijoim Is mmuuch hess I wootd at least nlh mIni io iii occoidaoce with amortization schedules prescribed by the in my owis section of amrnuai payments on the princrmmoi lrrdn'bledmmcss, whetu he do something 10 put the cnstnre rndu .lry on a turneurra urnS Tile purchaser Blast. in addition to Interest aridctrcratcti by sisarccropprrs. to.c,ited. knew that the Industry tar whIch he sons placIng him Wins SC,', etary." Michigan we have In mind the operators of froiir 40 to 160 I Would do noltitmig thiat would tinrt lIre failure fmrrrlhrrml hire payment on principal, pay nil taxes when due, maintain runnrnmg at a loss and that his non could not possibly nuc- red.I would shop this nruilneces.sriry r.pt'loilmi,; hurl the i.rmnt of prolrer in ur.rnee oil the buildings at all times, and s.lso keep acres of diversified farmIng, ceed unless smmmelhiqg was done to ansinke mIre IssdUstry pros. Those adoocatinO Gus blul concede thip tire figures a'rooe time Crovcnnmnum-nt and ucduc'm' liref,rrruiers'1.101', Iw'minnivl too builriiirgs arid fences in good repair. perohua?Nun; you would not do thus becituse you thimmk tons ranGe it tsuuaible tire hun Liven, as Is the possible uswmibcr of farmtcmruaits lobe tiriped much of Illat smili. to t:eI iii:,- niulurrey rat liii'mO'; '.t iou-.- lii shaking loans under this title, tile- If this reaaoaring is right, then we wruuld aibte I-ate of inti'rc.st couror ,tn'nntli-ni Ii 5011151 bii.siinn-',:, daring the first 3 years of the law, are as indicated.They do an uuibmndnress to flue tenant farmers of this couuntry even Thin' AoiaUirt whirr I. dr,olrrl to sireS lioriroce duriiig any ii.e,ri cnrnnot tell me, or'lthcr can they loll tire tartoUrgent farmers more cnmnsidcrahun,ir I (roe,tIre umumire I rumnhemnuhcn icedihi.rt ynr snail Sc diniribuicil .quimsliiy swore thin litoter.omrd If we prmuoiihu.'d all of them with sufiurmmcnt balls to permit pressiniral of nay locality, that any geurullie help Is ts be given where. eventually soamue plan wilt be ltonhm'd out aloum. lire line oftie 'TrriiiOilts oIllii.b.rnil of runtiotruintion arid in them to encage in a Iostnug tnduslry. We must strike at the cqrualizaituiins fee or lIre explin t at the most, olie farmer In au, one county in my distrICt ran di ii. -nil hire. I hunt atiin'mnr-hIis 01 LcrruUtl. so detemurrired by the brtrntarj. Ill the first fundamentals.Tine cause of Lose drsenmnc must be duscoorred pad for honest sea vree to the farmnnn-r eannirot be inririncent To curry out the proolsions of this title. Use bill authorizes burrow emroirgts money to buy a $3,000 turin. and the remedy applied. When we have succeeded in that piece, tIle farms that the rlgtrt type of tenant would want The ptuilo.sophmy rig sc'arsily and ilrm' docirnrue thrat wcstniirrinj Uie atrirroirriutron of $10,009 000 for the fIscal year cfldilsg particular, thenm we can connsciemsliously endeavor to bake pay the firmer to prcocirt Natuu mu frosu pronlui-nng I-. oh Wi onng, to purchase will cost Blare than $3,000.All Ihmsis riot pmsfllabte owners umut of worthy 10001515. Jane ill, 1938. $25,080,000 fir tue fiscal year ending June and I ann opinrejemi 10 it. Conn.si-qurh'liniy I dmn Inmillvnil 10 gin-c 30. 1939, and 050.000.000 for tire (local year coiling Julie 30.dr'nied, bul it Is insisted that the frurmers have Dccii pi-ouniseri Puacticrully every ,Lmeech nmade in ttuis debale has u'xiohled ominnellrlinit ; tlicrcf.ire. a slep mr tills dir cr:tioii strouid be tukr'lu. any more duscrelnnun to tile prrsenrl Sm ecn'l,rh y h f Agn icottnnm 1940. tIne virtues of tuonue owuierolslp ond njepimnred hue fruct timat thani irccm':.sauy, irecau',m. as all rrnnnjensl,mndhuh tire Sm'cmeia, Tire first important observation I desire to make withOome have even suggested that this Is it laboratory email- Ihere are so unrully farm tenrants in our land.It as flue Itiat is an exprnnenml of nicurt. iind is for tIle purpose of tm'slrrrg tire soundness of time ilmnsIrhliI050h'iryolprOdii,.ningless..iu,j rc(eremire to this so-catted farm-tensancy titleis that the there has trceah a great tricreasemisfarnm teusancy ovu'r a triaving more. dc' Wilt, I beiicoe in laboratories and lii experiment;, Oecrctzrey of Ageicuttore in tile final analysts makes alt plan. perIod of nnnunmy yc;rrs down to 1933. There has Ine'elm no mi- - brim the fanner lois beers niade tile guinea pig sri long that he ternhrniilions.Of course, the Secretary himself cannot do crease since that dateI)uring this period nuruny farmns hale wilt aecognize on unsounsd exiserirnent b,'forr' tIle operations bests rellnanccmi anurl payments through the A A A. and Ill shrort. Ohs tutie autimorizes I Ire Snn:iclary of Ar; I all these things. Therefore some bureaucrat In tbe Deport- tin Inake ioomms mmp to tOO percent rut DueS e,mshn saioe In,r Do most on ACriculture will in reality be Use bosS. begins. We are told ttrat this is bcr,iiininii in a atsialt any, other temporary agencIes have checked the incru'ase. Many but thaI at tile entnrraliirn of tIre 3-year period wni curs then purclaaae of livestock. (aim n'qunpouu-umt, lammnuuy soio',rslrncn' 'lire p135 cenrolrn of agriculture shows hat there are ap- It wrhl temmsnt former-s who understand the alrreullural nmlualionand so forth. io those qualified urmniler prortiiiiuicly 2.865.000 tenant farmers in the United St.rti's. like earn' of alt of lIre ti'nflnt fur micro in Itue counlry. rr'aliee that itis lmaanasslbte to buy a farm and may for it liLAcIto pmrucirnr .o take $14,000,000 000, If liiis aunts is foiiiiwcd, to buy afinn farms.Tile umrlen '51is 3 uo'eemnl, mm ohio inn 5 p.r is,nil 'lire e ai C faiorr'r a Who tent all of Lire lurid lhr'y operate. wulhout nnom u' stnmbmuiesiron in time undirstu v Againi I only lImIt Isam'cured by ctizittet anuoeng:rgn, tsr alt tIre teiraurt farmers Ill lire country.'l'llis to smmmsoimnd. smumbhtlzmrt momu I:, Ihu' urbjn'ctis'n' whIch We ruillnul sock nattier IlInrIs r'nus'euring mime u I nuriu, nil - TIny ii pri sr-nt nviic than 42 percent of oil the farans in the 'nit cin,usu'd. colon ry, laid it is interesliog to note illsshsiclr section nnf It is hrnpirssibie, snot Out of lire quu-siirmri. if the Doyle a uuuruke-iun'him've hike mInis ilniuinmnsmtioli. TIlls bill Is mmot elm It In Mississippi In to issue its bonds Is rmrrsr tIre rrrlmnr'y to ttrkr' river tireform Is Unnaomnnmd'lid huuiim'ius.inn,nhnieIn;,tim'tIlunI, it All-s the casiO ry (oral tenancy is mOst prrooieiit Oovernuumerit to blurs lhese m:rouuu.s vat simm.-, Ga 8 pr rei lit of tIre farnirers are tm'rianls. In Georgia 656 per-indcbtr'd'sesa of tIne Nation. The Fiaricr.t.errike bill was at umf rinuinneymiii least honest ons tin (see.It contr'rlrtrlated the evenlual (ruin- liveshock and cm-nsa wlnon tire lion rho re ln,r Inn eqin ii,- 0 Ii cent are teiianta. in Laruisialsa 63.1 percent are tonsanois. to ever In the hirhnprri t'I'iuc iroalli C,irotina 623 percenrt ale teirants, In Okiohoma 012 11mg of new nioney taO purchase farms for farm tn'nralits; but Closeuu,numm litnuleu-.riiyinusiui;rmu Mr. LasItE. tIme author, recognized that It would riot be soiriid agencies to care for tins grnurup nil fr n-ruin' s a mliilair .tiii no perch-litiv tenants. rind in trrkairsas 60 percent ace teliants. aotnistanru:e. I staurt to curiO millu-sleum, in Micliignrn there aleto loan tOO percent on the value of tIre farm, and when tinS h iuniit-si i . lu lineIlium. iii Ma Iii, 69 pm'icn'irt are tenants. smak- sImon of surtrsn,etirumi illiuflinus Inn.',su lurch oummiunih lniriiicrrr, the total nunstrs't of tenalstt bmnsg 11,334, bill was belimrc tIme. Cunligress toe oltered on ummni'ndmssenmt an . tin,; SSi'iirl'i fan iii. Prcsidn'amt to aihollull of mmInlrnrnpniai immuna imnuilu' fir ansakinig Ia peiecnt of the farmers tenants big the amoumut 80 sercent of the pirrchase price of tIre h rum'! Olin in This bill conlemplatea loaning time farmer 100 perccnrt.In sums us Inc unlay deter lIme ho be uiech'se;urs'lu cnn p our liro I ai:ain call aticntion to the wording of the bill requiring ins provisIons of tIre trtle aumd "10 emnuble mine si'ei-rt',r, lhe Secretary of Agriculture to "distribute eisuitabiy among other words, tire purchaser wiU have no eqully whatever 10 carry the isrm. The Government will buy it, piarcl'rane the stock. out such otiner frirnnss ofr u-uuairiluian urn hut lodru hinds i'irr- the Slates Inn the basis of I armporulation and the prevalence bie unden this 11th, tIm reer,rse loans Os niu.ry I do not want to view this matter in a eec-the machinery, art tIle tenant up in business, and thentell tim- lii ihi.nr,',-nI of teli,nncy." only by law and dcsianuaied ill hue E.oeermln en'hun henninnun- innig tirinal si'nse at allbut U Use Secretary of Agriculture Sal-him that he has a home, to go forward, and that LOse atlotment." Ine person to whom he has to answer Is the Secretaryof Agrmciil- I son nlhutwmscuj tim giving mlue Esi'r'urr ire nrmiy anidi. loins the nrnrndule of Itie law, what rebel will a State like farm eruch tional power.If tlur Congrm-.ss uhupruuimnuatu.s liii Mrr.hii;on. having lb percent of farm tenancy, get when tune, but he must. make simcient profit olt the run ,I rut his mirrtguitrIf money slaouini be used for mimi, annulI h I'ec'imiinisin, connyared with tile southr'ran bloc of States, ranging In per. )oar to sreet aS time paynienta required in not tnaye the Government Is to paovado nil lit LOse tenant fnrrmlsr'rsaimd I he anromo'y hur cla'uid1mm soehrtmi lIeu-s criitrliic uii as Irish as 696 percent? amaturaily (uP Iiunn's mrs hue nmay ilmuunk rrmlvm;ubln' to iii Vi' his farm laborers with farms and Imonies, then II imimnimn,.mmhim' Ttrere ore 3.00 Cuuflhres ill the United States, and if tile ',snd reo5mniii'il lhcy political or otlierorve. Si'crclniey were to disregard the law arid furnish tire assist.lows that the some Government wIll be sated to do likewise for tire cIty tenanl. and, if carried ho aiaticul alice oil the bards of corriilies alone lie could loan money t,sle In tiuls title tIle Secretary ot Au;nur Olin ml' to hire li'riaiit limier iii mach county Is buy a $3,000 (aria conclusion, to tire city laborer aimnl ala imthers who do not mlurn nn mum-i hnrnies as well.'lhinr philosophy nrleht be aptilierrbll' in Kill' deyeiop a program mt mIld comhsrn s'utuunn -'mid ir,uunl iii U: do cr00 t lie rr:,t i-carif otscn'al ion uniter Ihis irroPosed law, pninicilihen.TIle tilciudibmg the rctirr'non'lut a! lrnmuuls o'hurcln nuic lhiluom,ur,;uun.mi sic but It lv not In kcr'plrig witla Ansr'nican mc bec,ru',r' only $10,000,000 is made available for oot'rheird, loans Is not oirly not sUiiauule (Or cmlltmvatunsn rent year there wilt be $25,000,000 to spend. sad part of It is, however, that this legislation 'Shunsmm use 5iuruni l,iiri,'rirril eliot alllire a gesture but It Is a cruel hoax on Usetenant farmer 11110 I have muclu syunhuailny willu uriny lunW rni.uk run: hiiumm.'.niuln' 10 lirat sriiritnl orean two and one-hail tarsus to each county. reads Use oc-wspalrer lrcsdbmsrs tetlrrig hint thatthe Conhureal retire some of Ilmis lend on iSinueti i;hhmnrn'e.animmu.nn-,rnn,-r,ui 'Die Urriit year there is $50,000,000 to spend, arid that would Dunks a living' We are douosg tile i,nmrriee a lr,'Ihci unronce t9n CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 29 1937 61O CONGRESSIONAL RECORDIIOIJSE II raise revenues to carry liieir share of the socIal-securIty barrier to tIle advancement of communiSm 'flit-%rnl'rlrafl farmer Is not geitiiig his share of the flu- slid atheism this sessIon of Coripnr-ssII a direct coiiriem'iioniiithe ion- program. Couniniunturn cainirot grosr in a land ofsocial aecuulcy and Wa', sIsoW'uulImeIt P C 111,1 tioriat Income. Tune is The system of tenoncy prr'vaiiiiig ten di olmieli OUr still econonuic justice, hourly a profit of $141,000 000 titliis'dloss of tile fanner's income arid tire risein lanD A home, a well-filled granary, anda eon- of Ita fertIiiiyft is sigriltlraltt that iii lily 500111 and Mid- tented people are a part amid parcel of We are merely asking hut 10111u's mvii liii lit(ii ti'iani'ylii 1510. 53 percetit of tire gainfully employed in a democracy TInS who nieed ii, Wham wihi pay (hr lln,mrin'y li;i,k ii. ''II' lire held of aol fruit ore and reseived writ, where tile percentage of tenancy Is highest, most of great lalldholding group wIll become limecore of a soclai 111111,ut mm miiiii,,! I Ic'Nil toriwereiii analn'eoiivnuiie raeketeers Niut m,nr- aegis 51111 has iii ii i 1100 the pi'reelit- tue tarot is devoted to cr0115 iii lot 1111, iobacro, corn, arid order which Willlnot rmi,r,tn' neil, .1 iLl, 26 5 la'reelt I of I lie iiatiutl;iiticOtile lit lie subject 10 rapId alncndrni'nil (hue gerli ii' all' 01 tans leii.lili y rios 350In 1933 the iterci'nluge of wilt-at All these cups are ailoual,s 01111 hate a ca,h floe- clnanign-i. which sweep old and establIshed prIncIplesIn the nailIllsI uiumn'n,li.um(timl bet value at allr lilies 'they air iliso soil-depleting crop,, djaeaid. It wIll bold fastto Use truth gird provIde he avoided presenling an argumluehitagaiuist tIme ,iuimnnmml miii! Ui lrieeille io lIre ttatioital iticoflic had fallen to aim all- tim the argued arOuind the anmemmdnnicnt 19311 tile Ikerceillace of farm ten. Laiids devoted to these crops coittiuluoUcly require fertili- anchor 10 whurch we must adlmeie In preserving theIndivudu- and iuiliili'ij time lull 'Its' hull' w of '12wIllIe iii abily of tile citizen, restoring famIly life, chuiirmani uutlie cnnmnnilli'e dIll 001 oni;rie acalrm,l aries Isiiii' err to 424 nation In order to supply necessary plant-food eli'menty. creatIng confidence nteult, tie 'mill,ill. I irvine has been tragic in its eonse- The ienant operates a furry under all arirloai renting System and new faIth in a democracy and the opportunityfor a the cannot atlacli time auiieuslhmnmerlt iniuriy way, Thu loss of fir in and therefore Is unable 10 buIld up tile soil try a well-regu- better future, or form, The genticnlsn sayslbis hot Possible to 501,1,1 qinctici ','the cash incooleoflitanyleitaslitfattitersIs iated diversified farm prorani.His economic status wtii Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, 9 move to strike the amendimlehit at this tIme, but lie duesnil give miii Y sob- blow $100 per yearThis r'coliomic fact cyitialns why so two words out the last stanthssl reason ni.iiiy l.iiiisers and latin tenanls have deserted tire field toe not permit, hen. too, tic would not leap tiny benefit because he does not fit in a tong-rouge program for soil bulldtlrg and Mr Chalrmsmrn, I have a high regurd fnr Some of inny lreihiiie ace tenauit farmrin'rsarmii mmmii 1111, To turd' people wages of 91 50 to 912 511 pee my distinguIshed thInk tlley should gut iun'lii lie tidily conservaiiuit, Work of this r'llaractev irrduli:ed In try hIm colleague, and I wont to tray hIm a trIbute lime WI' ircuveii in In irie,slitite appeal'thus fact is illurrilluat' by aaying he Is limit o liii ii I, Week iifleicd lire landowner or to some helpful Ill connection with many mattera in Inadequate it Is a jrtke, auth every one ofymmrl krmmmw It liii- ii aseert,iinlncriuy wages In the Soulim are lower than would inure to the bm'mtr'llt of the Committee, tirt'ly innaghr'quate. trig teurant who wiiruld follow him. He is ahwaya an camneat and hard worker, You tiilk abomit helping lIvef,iirio'mill in lit her sect lime, of tile country But If the Mem- each county.You cannot buy a fmirun In the liriiti'd Stales since the The talrd to tile capital of ille 0511crCoristailt depie- bees of hhc Honise wIll stop and think for amoment, they will mu smisyinn'mit Ivy 'flit- grorslh of indusiey ft one-emil system 01111 soil realize how impractical it Is at thus lime to talk about counties (or $3500 nunless it Is a 'iarnd isalelt I he Sates has bptrui liberals coal.Naturally 11011 of 0011 fertility by use iii makIng Yi,ii 6 riiio' iii War lots cvii r rosion nirans a comnl.*itt ilcpletton of the r'apiiai shack of an aptlmolrriation of 851)0,000000 for liar cru'n'nh fiscal are not tni'Iping the ls'oplr' s'hemn Poll pass 1111', I)l'hi C lumyu. th"ei' 1100 toes a i'iiuitsuUat increase in rile proportion of for this particuisim Inrirpose, year lallon We are asking yO,l to gIve nit the involute oh lirdu ny as ri lated to the niaiional Income, tile owner, aridwiii'neoiitilllied leads front iridetiendence Why do you not do It? soumur'timiiigmmiii 1111111 to a mortgage arid froiii a mortgage to baniruuptcy and tha I am goIng to urge that the Ihouse vote down the Yoru do not 110 It bccaulsr- yi'U shy Ii Attractive wages, cotninilnily life, socIal solnaritages arid up- nienit Slim hhat reason. ammiend- cannot be dune now.Just exactly shy can it file adcancenieflt caused a migratirin from the toss of his land.TIle owner their toast jen the ever- May I say further there have been now? sun by ilium,! portun'ty the landless faiur:r-0r4 economic one or two rcguesha for estenslon of lime ho opeuuk. I should lIke to have sllurreone tell us I Applause i l.irnr tolie elly lii evc'r-isert'issuuig ritiliibers unilil lire recent increasingtribeof '(lucre INeme the gavet helm paralysis grows 0110cc. are a great many amendments to be offered, dibai Icii bu.sirues, and lirdaatry etranced ihe tuciid of the some by mem- 'i'he ChhAlRfsiAN'the lillcstlrnnIs On lIre tide toe Ihi tint tiiie Is niore Ihan 50 pears. cavil urea bers of the conirnittee and uome by those whoare not mem- simile mibumeimt bers of the comniitlug and I would hrke to have offered by the gentleman froni Wioclmnsln1Mm ili)ncdmn, I The endless cindy tiC our business and indu',trial Ille The form trnairt beIng essentially iioniadsc is unable to each Member The question was taken, and on beautify and adornIris teniporary Irotne.Itistrothis, gIven liar opgroehuniiy to explaIn bin parliexianamendment. a divisron Idl'nluanidcd Imp iffrved as infinite variety of ernployritetst Ia our p.'aple. Ihlihie thug Melnbcrw wilt not ask f or an estenslon Mr. Boln.zsn) theme wereayes 17,noes 50 Sc ns and daughters of tile wealthier Icti inees after eonitplet' lieis unable to eoirtribute in a ntaterlai manner to tha of the So the anicirdnment was rejected lIeis.itifact, a man speaking periods for that reason,Extensive speakIng nosr Ing their eulucistilirial traiiiiurg mere innniediately employed uupport of schools arid churcltcs Mm MhCHg3uight.Mm. Chairnlban I mine without a heme and under the iitiluellces of al ilsding, wIll necessriahc lance In the afternoorn cuttIngdown time, and last word ml 51cm le riot ilse by bieiriiss slid iilduatriat rOnicerils o( tile urban ei'iiters line ophuorlunuhy wIth not then be ghveni for legItimate arid conmetbisli'd llir'ir talents of r'rieegy and capacity hitr wastilrg systent he bcconrsrs air economic fatalistWhat amend- Mm. ChaIrman, it hnas been cu.sthiuniany life Was mi- is of strikcrtg iniport to me is that he loses his irattvidual. menls to be sIt i-red In reglalac order.This Is a measure of dmuning tIme last fm's scrsicc tnbusiness Gird inditsiryThus forth guest Importance in yeara for the house to give corisuderatemrn pus 'visited of sisiotr aiid ItadersluP us welt as of its best ityTo me Uiis means a lass of identity.Individuality dis- which manly Members are interested; hr escfs session, to some legislatIon st leaar omire in It cariles the spank of siritity fact, lsuapect practically all Members presunred to be of isssIsraunlcr, labor tingrolahes one' (corn the nlosa. are Inlereshed in it. to agriculture'l'lse net result, iroweeem is menially and courage which, set aflame by vialOn. dcsciopa leadershIp (ask tiara vote on tire amendmnenut Offered by thegentiemaur a tonal. Afire studylrla the causes of farm tenancy let Us brIefly from Wisconsin monlat meetIng. On these Ocu'sm,oiorusit scene no be resieiv sonic ol tile effects of like systenr. and progress. proper hung for each Member mepresenl htue We have Witilessl,'d the dr-signs iif radical leaders In at- Mr WITHROW, Mm, ChaIrman I nuove tostrike out the rig an licnis Ultumral rt.omuouie last three Words distriet to arIse ill his State. declare tempting 10 intlaine the teiianls'their economic coiidition ntlir'guaurce 10 umnm,mure,o Snip of the eionuiiiic evils attenuhailt uprin fairs tevancy Mr. JONES. Mr Chairman, lasti unanImous auaistamnce to, and espJ'cas aynlpaihhy for thatfotgolleii hue - loss of nnoicii'isliig power by reason of reduction ofstifles social and nseiital iievelopinr'tit wIld makes fertIle soil consu'nt that thIrd of Our population cons.nlloniy sire ill for esmmurrlsm and socialism.They aig too ea,nly led by all debate on this partIcular amn'ndment concludeIn S designated lii. tile haumlier cash lilionre, 121 the decrease Is land saber, wIth a ronse- lliimlules I ofttumea wonder If the good farmerunuul shallow plolosopities of goseuirnnent aird religion. Ills ssle dii mrot loss to lime individual farnicrs arid loss of revenue to The CIIAfRMAN. become dIsgusted wIth these pronniss,'sand r'sm'ri,se.0 40dm acluli eisa or tin, rruui.N Is there objectIon to the request of the total ,tiid Slate giiveriinteflts: 131ftloss or drainage of soil genlleman from Texas? 'ibIs toll Is to be knowri ai tile' Farm SavorilyAct if 11137 tciiility C.iilstii by Inipeoper farni mt'tllods and devoltng the Many of stir tenant farmer, ore esuietlent eiriz'ns who 'flicue was no objection, 'flue title is promisIng enmiughu, but thebiil lOch t tInes up ho its noose, ilmlii way 101 ci 10 cr1110 svitlt lrrioiediair easil rush k't sallies. desire 10 la.t'ome home owners but do ntis hare the finarrehrl Mu, WITSIROW. Mm, Chaummrismn let us just take Ilie bull ap,mmt 'flsei's' mcli are of elect- I offer this pro-fomma general way alud ace what it Is all sbsut ri a WI' have stim'ady ihisi'iissi'st tile 11155 of tarin iiieOflie as a nil-aria to acquire arid di'veiop land rurnendmenut for tue purpose of esrIlurg to tIne attenhurun of 'I'Iie ill lspssl'il lily rneiirrle belt character.wall 51 opec assrstuliee they could becoma Is divided lnho tlmi'ee tinics or par us ti,is'.eoftiienisi'eit1,11111 chancyThe loss of the House Ihe fact lhat whenever Itis proposed that we WIlli theIr smn'r,s m ii,,vs a drier-se of purehisirig power.This decrease of home owners and self-sustaining unil.s in society. do in a conrstllurtive and an adm,'quahe status fined we could then eolieentrcste 111011 buildIng tire way something which Tulle I phi itii',iisg piilver 01 nuore than 3i .000 000 Pl'Olitr has a sin- will realty help the tamer, the leaders of the Is pnn'surnrn-d lobes provessmmuu for Itimmiliciimgii II mills Ihouse. throse In (he piurclnase am tarnu iionurei. I Oct upon every wtIlk of lIfe and every hrlraoe of bust- shaieeropper rind pooier ii rant up to Ihe leset where he in control of nhae hr 11115 way we r'crn restore maclmluir'u'y of the hlouse,imnuerinuheby los', wild irlriusiryIt means icw,'r arId fewer tUsuries and would ix, r'iioibleliii assistance. become Inm'Iiknted with, ecoliomy poisoning. 'lithe II Is pressmn'd to pi ovumleeeisuisilutmil liunul,uuilis tim land to tile pm'iipie atrd leaven i he 11101 of eurat life. ti'nnpomary aid to hm'nant5 and dusn rlssl'nI Immr lmoe.lritmee ,,itypiy of nien'r'ssltlis for iisis vast lltrrtlon llf our In hits anirnidnient we are asking that$500,000,000 of Immmidimmis iris liriiik tleptusils shrink. inartiet values toll, slid I intrllducclt the flrr,t farm Ii nlrrltbill in the Hltilse in Tulle Ill is llecsiunied h pniuvlure ion pI,hiulsml ion (]ovemnurml.nt cledlt be eotended to desemslng debtor farm- lie Pull lla'a,'I,f'mIll-- fi 0 ciWile.' Is of industry turin iiidirect response to the Maceli 1935 II was denlleal with and a companion btll Wilh rrs, who every one 01 uo admilu are in niurginal or oihem humId5 not sumtr'dnileultivaluilir Thus bill noughl to need and Ought ,shimlmile lii err.lsc of nneiillte arId irurchauna piwn'r of tire farmer, the original Banikhe,sd farm-tenant bitt. to be beliedTheme are any number of pmecedento whIch lutilizinig of such land irmr san kilos Inuruamusn-.s mr Ihe uitrlted States decreased establiah a fund to provide financial assistance for tenant The faenu'tennani'y lirovisuoui ot tilt' bmit l"almii lucid. aiid buildinics have been established by the Congress alnicewe have been us tin-sin'nhmilst lii iaiuc iret,,m'en AprIl 1530 rtnsd January I. 103$, by appeal- farmer, of good character arrd wPo were good credit risks to halked about in tIme debahe and tileluridilutcl',ijm'mI in thrs emengeney thrat justify the adoptIon of theamend- nrost to the larnnem. Ii iltm,ltily onie-ihiimi. or (coin $47.0 l9.GJli,35a to 932.058.844.0l2. enable them to buy arid operate a finn, Ihereby changind un,'Iit In Strort. tIre bed m'hsrjriiAiyi multI 115 1100 Iuosr under eoIdeg-ation which would affordsome Psilhilil ImOnirtely tIre decline in the as'rrage satue of lands their Status irom tenanis to lanitholdci a,The trill nlil'astime of constructIve relIef, Is authorized to make loans hI tire hJIilleijSta tn's mmiii In tIle 5.213 for Owners, introduced differs somewhat fmram tire bitt ahucit I ilstl'adUcl'd Tbke the R. P. C.. for cx- Territories of Alaska amId liawcuii no hind billltlumig'. her taint S'iiS from 80.300 to omple. whiell wau an experIment In esvry sense oh theword, pees.unua elssiubh,'iiriij,'r arid fri.rn $11 110 to $3 523 toe telsanla.These facts prove but in my judgment us an excellent but and writ carry out Iii 11131 we ncscr batttd all eye before making the act to enable 11cm to acquire farulus (Tinuly larry tr'uiaiiis $3,000,000,000 farm laborers. sharecroppers, and other eiitcliissvelylist operatilrg farms by tcnatul.n deereaacs the the purpoes sought laS be attained by b-gestation of this lyle. of enedit avaIlableto industry. urlijlclaloumla wlnui umb_ Iii the solution of this prublem it is absoiutl'ly neeessaiy What happened?The lain or also reeenhly oblaurled ihe rnaJiis' vairiu' of thi' laud. emi-dlt was eohermdtsj (o the 000011 banks and thelarge In. 10111011 IIImlir'sr nIGer' sicrrtlsrig lit its frill eossi'mlilerrees lii the toss of for uome agency to finance the farnrr'rafirat. ill the pun' Income from fwrnnlng Ops'nahiumuus arer'lul'if,sie its', im dustnie, of thIs country, with the result thatwhen threre certaIn ltliintmitioiu Shmi,1ci niler'iie Iiyiii- I .ilm,iinii isuxiri iou, wiiii tile lncicuse of farm chase of land; si'commd, in buiidtng sing onx'rai org r-npvnsr's Was a kisshI was because the lange Industries fell down, the' Slerelaly hI Aglueuiuuie IS ilsu'Jules di, on tile irmscstmelit; and, third, nih'- oh the elIgibilIty I. Imaii,'y 'hut rIseiii crease of satue oh liuuidiiugs gild land. until is return is Gi'nmn ruit Down's and hIs bank in Chicago Ditheredthe 'fleas- mu 'hunt nail iif 5 years roe Pee a lies in losable prop- gusto time arid how ints-rest mutes tim rr,iurid tine olilrratililis. nIl y to the esti'iut of more Ilian 350.000,000. 'fine Sr'enelany if Au:u l,'uuli turn'Iilist iill'elt ii ii ofrein hiowev&'r, In each counib y tfl WllJti Ihihhi5uti,' mite nhalmmimiuvmnumuli'ly $l$.000000.000 We are tunable to We saLforthr-wlroiefseantcd rtmohrrnatiolm lie earl i,'mh liii ,u rumlni spite of the racketl-ering OIl the part of Mr. Dawesand 160 muttu'e composed sf Ilmlcc fanrnlu'l's r'rnhiretletsd aunt tills means ill brims of less of revenue for American ettlarn In bringing to tins great group of dl'srrs- bank and other exploiting of the R. P. C., ii' .lithnmg inii tag people arm opportunity to Improve their condition. In tlrey have shown Each comuoitteennran siloS be aiiuiam'ul $3 11111 SlIm euppuirt for schlools, roads, slid other neces- a limurfit, becauxe enemy edit of the money lentto tIre small liii11,11I, liii,' cii i y guuvernnii'rital tumictiolla In our eomplea social system, so doIng th oh nix who hose pioneered arid Iran, carried It gaged in the perfumerruanee imf Ills driluesihi,1 iimnshi,',l :1 i,, bsahika and small Indlmntrhallsto has been repaId.Au a mat- a moutOn, Ills itnialiwander, too, that pubhic-Israttlrsronk has been I orwazd feel that our efforts will not have been In vain if ter of fact, when an estsnajon of the It. P. Ill addition, he shalt bu' alIlIwl'rl'sime II.inui,uuuumts we con age a bold and stalwart focusing dais erected aa a C. was asked all as tire &cretaey of Agnieriltuce slay piimscusbc I timilir led arid that triany Status are findIng it dhlffcult to LXX2IJ-4m5 mr mmmdi S . 6516 CONGRESSIONAL RECORDHOUSE JUNE 29 193'? CONGRESSIONAL I(O11DJJoUsE G 17 The ree.nrd reads about like this: In 1880 only 25 percent of to town or to the ball game-4 very modest diet, sometimes fomnillar sc all wIth agriculture, Iha( the (enancyproblem In will not work Ihms Nih rots Is ,m big one at the presriut tirn. I coIl ai lt'mmi liii to tic (idI It.tlitlilt; tanners were tenants, In 1800 the percenlaOe had Increased to not balanced and usually devoid uf atore-bought fruit; no I think we all estaiiiishmed whiti I we malted the Siiiitpiiig lii,t,,i'li,. :1; 35 percent. and by 1935 the pervetitage ho1 increased to 42 haircuts at (lie barber shop, the father or mother or one of realize thuat probably the UnIted Statesneeds a new crop of ping Board griltitemi to Ihe mmmcm 'haitI mria,i iimiii It, I peri-ent Farm tenancy Is greatest Its (Iso South and West andthe Sons dolsug (lie family balswutUflg; no dortor mine dentist ivutudiurds iou Ihie farms of Ibis Nationas badly as anything iii,' use ut wi'nl out of egistm'tim'u, a subsidy of over $3 tOO Oitii iii,) lii New EiilsntlIn Masnocliusetta and MaIne only In many cases whgn the servIces of doctors and drntists were 1 110.1k I shah support hhils bill, but fam .00 aupport- umi. (odor we do vat hitam' any mueretitimi I trim rile I abuuL 6 percent 01 the farmers are tenants, while In Miuslu- abaolutely neceasary for time health of the family. it, Imdl, ml tuiti, a (tilIng mit u'eurl(y that tIme bill willaccont- ii till I Ii Such Is a brief description of a few of the minor hardviilpa 1mlish aIry invumim griod for 11w farm lm'nzuito of geni liniso Irtimmu Mielilgait haSrirmasumJereil iii 515111 inure thou 30 percent of the f'anners ale tenants. These the coiitrtry. l"um thi'rmuiarm.limeUmrrt, ii St,m irs (bier taiu'i,i . art' the twii extremes, but all the Soutiiein and Western States on the road that many have followed and must follow If farm 'Ohe oumly reason I do suppmint it Is becauseI atn In hopes Ihmat iii ii l)olhar Steamship Cli omi the Pacific roast.s'.i I,IIIll pre'o'nl a bad situation In regard to this question.Mr. H. A ownership Is to be achieved under present condfflogss. The eveti though we spt'iim.I 810,000000 to do It, Iheexperience 20 cents oui the ilrili:vr Turner, of the Huregu of Agricultural Economies, states that.great Champ Clerk, former Speaker of time House, once mid detived from tIle expeiidmture of that money will Tfiey barred lIlt iiitileiiiiI,'.Ii (each the buy (brine shIll:at thatnm'umrarkal,ly that hIs lIfe could be condensed Into these woods: "FUty-odd leadershIp of this Congress and teach this adnminlslratlon law liii''irritilii, a In 1930.33 percent ol all Cattail farnirrs were tenant farmers. loaned Ilk-in immaimley for 20 years' rime at Ii's ruin I Mr Sourest I yeara of unremitting IOU?' Unremitting toll and much good that thus peoblm'm cannot be met in thisway.I doubt thst Interest. I in iii My distinguished roltear,uie sometime ago you u'ouId get Congress to appropriate enumugh If that is not a subsidy I would like iii i,ii,iw suit oted outliefigures which are appliratile to my ownluck Is the prIce of farm ownership under fit. present sys- umioney to ide- It Is tem. It ha runt a matler of unremitting toil and aeif-sacrtttce quaIely deal wills (he tenancy problem in this blair of Tunasin (660 only 30 percentuif our tanners busts. country on this FUm'thermrirr,. we arenulvurdirtuiglire for a year only; It Is often prolonged for a score of yearn or I thtmtk there ho an adequate emay, and Itha a very limitliii It, c' liii wire tenants liv1900 the number had Increased to 48 simple one, a proven way, by whIch thus miagasunes of tiuls coumutry to tile tune 01 $15 0011 0011a ii.,, prrrenl, and In t93i, 53 percent of the farmers in Texas more before the goal ha attained. No one know, very much can be handled.A and the Postal DI'partumum'mit few years ago we set up under Ihe Congress I footing the sill We alt, In Teaas, about farm tenancy who dues not know by eaperlence some- what Is known lit our e tenants.In 1935, 286 000 tn infatuities is Ihe Federal HousIng Ailnhlnlstratlon through low second-claus mali rulesYour coii',iiura, nil',soil representing about 1.400000 IWOIile. were tenants thing about "the short and simple annals oh the poor." That Administration mimic have to meet that sutisldy Form ownershIp bee been ff5 Use grasp of many finn families md pnlvatg vaptta( and the credit 03 the Oovenmunent The casual ciudunl of farmtenanry might say that sluice to Not oumly that, but we luavn only to be snatched away by serIous illness, death, accident, Ivotld hirmes in (Isis Nathan,That AdIt.InIs(ratimjn baa had suhvsimti,so'd him'arn-.iti,ia,inie, 42 percent at liii' farmers of America ire tenants. It nerea-drought, flood, atorhit, or any on. oh a score of other fact an rcmu.ukalste success, IL Is Just as feasibl, to make landlords laaduot rlrs lun Ihe Atlantic coast aiud 1mmlimeI ,,I, liiiUi, ii tartly folios'thiul 53 percent of all famnicus are lund owners. beyond the control of the farmer.Those who havi no out of tenan(s under a plan sImIlar Ic the Pbd.'ral Industrial cetiterv, by a protective tarlIl, buttire pest,., live Vol am I untIdy this Is fur front ike trIll hAbout 58 percent Housing larlif dimes not work for the faroter Umiless lie has mistiv,rrg patience wIth the problems Dl Use tanner and the ferns t en- Adnulnistration, using the Government's creditand prIvate Inn of the fat menu do have legal title to their Isnd. but only capital, as it was to carry on. home-bUdding sellTheti it works ant and denounce him for bla position of economic lgsaecurtty program under 'flue slightly more titan inc-halt of these iwo their lands. treeare unfaithful to the Nation's welfare and growly Ignorant the FItder,ml Hou'uing Adjuslniatratbon, great commouuer Itrestalesmuranfiii of mnorlca1e.Thai riduiccs (lie perri'nlage of actual farm WIllIanu Jeiinringi Bryan, often tised of condItions prevaloog among 311.000,000 AmerIcan farm If Ihia bull will do what omme gcimtlemamu of theConimitl,ec lii'iiy, "Itt'siiiry ,,ui ow micra mm the United States (ii lisa Ihan 30 is'rccnt In people But, referring to (lie monument to tile memory of says It wIll dobuy ii farm for one farmer In every county farina and grass a-ill grmmw' In 11w cIty 5mev-mu',"'I'tsrs isit iii the United 1mm oilier wotds. not our fumier out of lhree the unknown farmer, I em not In havor oh approprIating the tIme Umulfed it' '(I's--and I presume it wUl,and If (hat measure that ha of tremendous lnmponlamuce not emily froutiiui Stales actually owns lumfarm These fleuren represent the puipave Is aciiintphmshauj 100 percent. what, then, have economIc standimoluut but from a sociologicaldo uiiitiiimrt average and take into rotisideration flue almost total lack of money for it Ufittl we have supplanted larm tenancy with we (isis country ever gets Into Unbie. It wholesome tartS ownership. done toward solvIng thug tenant prosletn In thisNation? youir safust tint will harm f.,rmui tenancy In sonic StalesThe figures itidicate that In Is well to point out In dlseuualng thIs aulvjmrt Wlmat would we have accomplished 1usd tlmose people who bye on tfte faruims, who havea kiisitlo;g,, tile Southcomisudemably tess than Site faro:rr not of every I think Ii we adopted thusof real values In life that the solutIon oh tile problem of farm tenancy will be a anuetmmmnient of the geumtlenman from Wisconsin a momentago four actually ouvns his farm free of dm'bl step forward In the reductIon of relief eapentlltures. for $500,000,000?Undi'r tttat you would have pitt 00 tenants Mr. ANDRESEN of MlmuuursstaMr t'tuaiirii,i,isill Ii,' In 1030 the average farmmortgage was approaltvately We have apent billions oh dollars for relief In recent yearn. on farnus that thum'y own In every county of the Untteml gentleman yIeld? ix is a wcll-ktiuwn tact that many tanners who areand tlurre Is a very dehttdte relatIonship between relief and Stales, but what thu'n would you have accopiphlshied? Mr LVCIY mrf Nebraskaf yield so-called lanD owners are worse oIl than tenants becuuae stuall support thIs bill ton another reason, becauue Mr A.NDRESE'N ofMimniresi,t,s the collapse of agrIculture, especially In the South and West. I am 'flue u,'mit lerii,uiiIi. Uiey soc mitre on their Iaitd than the land Is worth happy to fimmd thmat LIme Congress hiss finally become Michigan may have lndicaied ihut this To do nothing about firm tenancy and to conUnue to appro- con- tviv-tiv'tilt lii' It The rust cause for so much farm tenancy Ia low and priate bmiI,utma of dollars for relief lx to be lzscorflisteflt and aeioui', of he fauct thaI (smut tenancy (a a real problcmtt Inmight be a subsidy for a large imuimmiter ofitutniiiiin'ii,.is iiiii,, Inadequate farm Income.Ou, farm-tenancy problem will uulre Oiiiiifllt. tlml'r N;itlomm; bivl it as umof going to help the shtuattomuescept present time who iluight like to soIl (itt-in tsiiija lute l"ch, tii largely vanish when we have established a.syatem whlrh l( murh o( that relict tnoney had been spent In the South thcmtitlilly tu'au'hhi pnopoiieumtn of tIme plan the absolute Qoi'erummi nt Mr LIJCKEYif Ni bi.m',km will give tile farmer an adequate price (or his labur andand West on a wise tarni-ownerslslp program, it would have utnfm'.isibiiihy of Ihi'ar plan. saud lIon we might be ableto IIis sot .ssuit lilyliiit.,' products accomplished greater good, and permanent good, In putting enlist thmm,itm, bl'i'ause of iliumi'apeuirnce of failure under nian who buysIll' pays it b.ai 5 maid iir.,i iso,iis iiliitt this plauu, tolive 11wIi bustuu ' w I Washimigton to a city of many monuments.ftis being niany (arm families In a posItion to support themselves, who thmvlr support to a plan that wIth ade- ' U I' -i .jI c 1151cr proposed that lure be erected here a 03.000.000 mnonusment are now on rellcf.Much relict Is of temporary value, but mirraimly take care.; the tenant p1051cm inthin Nation; Ap'lause I amid it dun Ii.,' (lotim'. arud there is Thur CHAIRMAN to the nirmory at Thomas Jeflerson 11 we build any more money wIsely spent III Use Interest of (arm owneraktlp will mu need to breuk or bank- ' TI IIii.- 'tI IIi 1,11 I, m apt the Gmmvenuumiieiut In accsinphisliuimg IL. b ii,ir(tots Ne' alter that. I think we ought to bud one to flue memory ofbean good fruit for generatIons. k'a . PI . U mote oh the boys and girls ot the future are (strut on I collie (eolum am...,'m icultursi country amid tmuy 'district Is e. 1St 0 the fartn lamuty who has traveled use rocky and perilous Ci in, a Mr. Chili uii,s,Iai .. ni road (runt farm tenancy to (armownership during the ad- farms owned by their tathers and mothers, they will have a hue in allah time tenancy situuiion in very bad,itfatistucs opPOsition (a the pro-jam-ma amn'lid ricoh Ial,rn by tile (anti census o( 1035 showed that hetwem,tm Mr. terse conditions which have prevailed during the lout 25 better chance lii tlsc world than those who go from farm (0 Choirnumin. I wiis glad fir irear theeeuotmr ii, his iiii yeqrsI am not talking about farmers who have inherited farnm, from year to year or at trequent Intervals, but never ui.d 1)0 percent a( flue tainnus weee being operated by tenants, the genflenman frutni Teaa,s a few Itlimiole., at..,) reu;ai dutyIi, (grin lands or who have bought and putd for (anus out ot an finding a home. ft further showed that of these tenants, more thman 11sf!ot fact that this measure. amId I ec(n'r Ihteimu moved every yeimr. paeticruuariy ta liii,' 1is Independent inroille. We are spenduiig about a billion dollars per year on ave lou reality a duplucatioui o( agemicres whichmiaw enisi Army and Navy (or purpose ot natIonal defense, but gulls Think what this Ineaums.A move every other year by F6deeal Gou'eenumuent. ira uar I sm talking about real dtrt (armees who have gone on tile 63 to 00 percent of our (arnmens. land and tumid (or It out o( the sweat at their brow.Such a and ammunition are (sot the only elements to be considered They have no chance of 'flue Federal land bamik was orgar,i,ed hut sriecesx under such conditions, They cannot get acquaInted st y avg nionunient would symbolIst more acts 01 heroism, sehl.sacrl- In forming a policy of national defense. The moraletIle f or abnont the ldeuufieai purmise tiiltIlls With the soil Ihey are attempting to till,They have no i)liiuliX,alisii, ie five. and Unheralded courage on the part of thousands 01 spirit saId solidarity of the peopleIs the more Impontailt made today, but Itcre you are se'IfaurgvIa vu) cmiii, IC mIca, (athers and mothers and their children titan could be me- thingSetore a umation can fight very successfully It niteit inceuifive to improve fences or buildimuga.Why should they agency. wIth Ito headquarters In Wosliint:tniri coopemute to preserve the fertility by terracIng or doing tviilrill,,u- coi'di'd in the Appendix of time Concorsstoi.su, Hernia duringhave something to fight on and something to fight for, and a any sands of employees throughout Arini-nut'a i umtider,lumiit ettlaenry of home uwneru and farm owners Ia the most neces- of ihe Other Ihlngo that we are attempting to teachthesis liii,. the nest Several sessions.Such a monument would aim- hurler the &ilI Cotuseryatuon Senire. wIll be tin eflutrt made ho put hiiit,s,,i'timLoyeeso nitirimiii Sony bulwark Iti national defrnse. service. So as to be sure It is a fuermmitmuent haute (tie taut, that In order to become turin owners and cease .ii,'i'uai'y Oditl t,tr to be tenatiti. ttiuusaiids of (arm (aniiiies had (ollowed a Many men love their own farm lands so much they have rhls bill canmuot solve our prob(em In the Second District what purpose? To proc'o'eul In (lii' mit Oklahoma In a hundred years.We must devise a pro- way, in fliost cnperi' lot' ions' iii!,' csuesm at self-sacriitce which would read about like this: been known In hundreds of caaeo, In Uselr misguided mud uli- sly opinlomu, to dealWitirtile(anuru temperate zeal, to kill a neighbor over a boundary-line dis- grain which will give more of our tenaflls a chance. America. pri,lmteuircI Nil bathtub, no kilchrn sink, no water even piped to the Cut I am glad that we are recognloung the problem Accoedung ho the umiost eirmrsm'ruai aa'mlflgiiri'slit ii house, no eugs on tile floor, no daily newspapera; youngerpute.You wIlt recall the story of Naboth, tile Jezro'iiile and have yet been brought omit omt ihmfiui,rr (vi be stoived to deaths theough time he neceasthy for a solution.We cannot walk 011111 we it will is, chilistimn rarely having anything new, brat being required to who suflened Isimnelt imatrly $7,500 pm'r farnm faintly to :1 thuetmuiii,, I ir It machlmmathotis o( (I.e wife o( King Ahab at Simituaria rallier Iu.ivu, taken thy' hlmst step, ship ot a (anti hr,miie. si,,, wear ciothimig whO'll tIme sItter ctiiidueii had outgrown: a lot 'I hu, CHAIRMAN. Are Ill,'? ma nw oilily'ti/byItt than guve up a lIttle fmsruui which hue owned and loved,TImuutu' 'Thu i tomeottimegu'ntlenuauu (roums Ia all ailsuedhly,Tlim'y hiavi' of lir'arlvu'hes become firm' clivldrr'n eanliof dress as welt as I ikltilitima flits eapirm'ui I ilt'iilm-t tilllii I,'iii, nut peeffier graduation dresses when tile who are interested In Ike redueUots of relict espeniliti.niu thin haitI 10 ta ultimnate I'nmlueiiisl,,iu iliu',mmis lirititoirs and wv'ui m muir and thnie who are Interested iii natIonal de(ense ramifytii Hr. LUCKEY of Nr braska.Mr. Chairman.I move ho wits tvi Ii hi,,- sellout closed in (hi' nrriiffi of May, a little cobbler'i shop Sit iku' nut the iiusf two wards to supfmrt the ameuuvh,tnvt'nt an liirretusi'd Imirnu-inoriguigv' niiihr'bt mu rim's',iii A ,iieit/itt where live lanitly mould i,olui Its shoes', on ristisy days, no Viva-gooll Jivdgmvtit wttfuliold assIstance In the attack on lai ill of proammtimehy $20,og000gOoo liii' my i,i,suiIt lend from'ri'aasI Mr. Hommais I. AuJil timr$20 gitut 11001100 i.ti,. tion, tile tune (ring devoted to woikliig over the chicken tenancy. We have begun the attack amid those who love I rho to call ahiumr000nately $8,000,000 goo mires, mai fit us 'trail ii is lii lu-ant ion to the atatenim'nhn shade byniy good friend (rout u', u/itt, I1,1 - liii'use or mInIng a little wood haulitig, fence bwldazsg, or ditch InaUtutloos of (Isle country will not give up unhil success ?'Iii Inagan edneso and s'oui lua ye a fum immi I Idi ica,'i' lmld,'l,l,-,ha,, ,., tn 8 1 achieved. Mit mats i, Who sild thuat this nmcssure Is 000.000000,'liii' umrhn'nm'sf atituir Mu' diggiiigtin eadio, no automobile at all, or no new onework time tumiWrni k.mble becaiuse If Is is subsidy ho the Immnuiiemx. t'iizuurrit;rmiitt Ii,u',,,tti, all week (rUmmill to sun, and o(ten coiilinuatlon at woek on Mr. NICHOLS. Mr. Chalrmtmaiu, I else In oumpOsihiami to '131st Is to approalmumalely omim''ihfl ilmit reulmoukable. I lii' let-eli r.1-,! i't,,,,I.I lv S:ullviday afternoon while the neigtiboi'v chIldren tied goive azflendmcmit.I think everyotme agrees, surely everyone who Ia It is rl'mnankabhg that a subsidy to the (azutuutra Incoioe ot thud enilee (aim pvinduaeis o( ii ii1tiOilily 651t CONGRESSIONAL liFCORD-HOUSE JUNE29 1937 CONGUESSIONAL iECUiW-11uUSE 6515 gettIng him oof this land than tousling tiisn money to live are the people, we are (old, who will be largely eiiiirged With eati's or pres,'nits a pvihu'y which alit bird the Ami'ruran turn nvv'r thin en II, Iuun'asiiuu'lvii this Iv irii,:ll Ililtio on It ai to buy more of it the siinullllisiration of 11115 new aetup. far lies out of Iti,'ir pces'iul hoieeui'',s plight slid 1.111ev' llil'uil tli, hang (;n'lit Avis,uuuisicli 11011huh, itii0,is 5.11,1 'Flit' savers granted to tile SecreLary go toll far, however. while I believe thoroughly in ieglxlaliOn nuaking It possible again in a position of econuuuuuic indu,pcndeio'i'. tejiiuy oil tilelove list (h:icnrihiir Fulyi:es, .5,1:050.1101.11:1 to rraiily tile Secretory is aiithoriwed to do about allytliiligto return subniarginai hind 10 the Ooveflinieflt rattler than 'rue guntiriiian froini North Carolina i Mr. tiolwisivi.ri I iiiis tile 'ailil C'liilit Aituiiiiii'lu .1111111.I,,lii,.ilii: '.1oti,u:iisi, .11,,:' lie sees lit lo re;icts tile objectives For in,siance, lie Is au- conlitiue cilnLributiiig aiirivaily to the support of Use people just asked a l'ri-y (n'rtirrent questio(l, ''Wiiot will yuiu oili'r'I'' hililly dliii llo.'ultuiilii, (iOV,lluiliI'li 1,,,iii! I .,iy to,..: iluirizcii "to s.:li. exctiOhigi'.ii'ase. or otherwise dispiwe of. who are trying to eke out an existence on that isnd, at (he I will say to the cc(itie(i,a(h froni Nou tlu tjaroliila slid to tillsfrsuikly thiait lbs is Ihiu,h.sliiu':.t yi,'iiit 1,10111. iv0,1:1 xliii or wliiiiiiit conctilrriitlon, any Property so acquired widergame tune I want to eliminate a lot of ihe tiail'baked the- house that there is now pending before this body a nuean. (onelns.s aiud Iwluin ttiu:Ahiin'iiu tillhlroiite,lvii such ti'rrns and conditions as he deems wiU best accoinpilob ories of thIs new uchool of social ulliifteri which has cost ore which incorporates tIle very Iunda,micrrtai prliieiplrs of iiir abiest auilh illost lX ti' i,'lo:i'd bonds uiiaii.ibi,' Vi,,l:: i1 tile purposes of tire title'these are broad powera, and I our people so much money during tile last few years. Jeffersonian democracy and which offers a meumis and a to lay dosmi pulper I sh.s uhid r,'i,'uiliitliaiis aualsinlviiiii, do list like to give them to any depal'tnlent without more pathway by which the 6,000,000 farm famIlies of AmerIca aiud udimiunistrahiois oflids acttiu tileI"aelrl('iriS IAiIuiUo spreific liinitationl.The Secretary is even given authority We are told by rnembera of the Ag'rlctliture Con,srdttee that the 30,000.000 farm population will be graiitu,d air opportunity Istratnori. to "dlssi'nlinate lnforniatlofl concerning these nctivitlea" the consunsittee devoted II weeks to consIderation of farm to get Out of thIs wilderness of economic despair and be That agency has all i'ody tot ih ilring tb, hUh .14 y,'iiisiii Now we have had consilerabie experience during the last tenancy,The House will pals this bill and with very few of placed in a conditIon of economic Indrpu'nidrner. 3,000,000 Aoiecicunifarnuini 1. lire tulsa Ii SilO :00.1,110 ii 4 years with these itslormaiton bureaus; and, beiseve me, its Member. knowing anything about the detalla of Use pro- Why, Mr. Chairmar,, the pending bill is a farce, and you has already tuft OnIfaruihiaiuuh obout 03.000.Oiho 000. they can speiid liii, people's money and prtepagxlidiae thepossl,The bill will then go to the Senate. The Senate will know it is a farce,It 00cm no remedy for the diseased about 92,000,00hl,000 Is iiow outstofluillug. and 01 1111, countryinbehalfof any projects undertaken by UI. paso the Dankisead farm tenancy bIll, and we will find the conditIon of agrIculture, Why, the only thing it does for theland-bank loans about 01 perneuut arciii Ovid su.muidiiig.ii Secretary. real legIslatIon written In the conference commIttee, The few farmers who will receIve the so-called benefits Is totills time. I am biiierly opposed to granting a bureaucrat the right Bankhead biU provides that the Ooverrursecst go Into the place them 100 percent in debt, and tar very nest day they Herr we have an experienced shInny.III., oil ui-u It to make rules and regulations having ihe force and eflect Iand-purchaalnigbusinesa. The Governusierstwould buy are eligible to go into the bankruptcy courts of America, Is operating In all iuf the 3,059 igrsiull,ivat i'u:liiiiui'sIi11:1: of laws, where a serious penally Is attached, when there is trgcts of land In tenant sections and reueil farms to selected Mr LUCAS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentienan yield? country.Aiid in view of the dhiflcuiiy 01 thus credit iirsiili ui no notice given to the public other than the Executive order tenants. ThIS bill would be a great help to thoae Who find Mr. PETERSON of GeorgIa.I yield. I think we had better turn It over to this ageiii'y. uiii'-.iiisiif setting up the rule.In tfus title the Secretary of Agriculture themselves in possession of large holdings of land of little Mr LUCAS.Will (he gentleman explain to the House the we makes big blunderni the adhnliliuntr.mIlouu 01 it,ilvi slat call make such rules and regulations and 'any violation of value,I cannot see where it would be any help to UsenaiI niajor features vuf ills bill? brinmg down the conterhupl of the Aniinrieauu pi'oi,ie 010:11I saUl rules and regulations ahali be punished by a line of farmer In my section of the country.Tills plan contem- Mr. PETERSON of Georgia.I may state to the useiltlnmunan rxperlissent. a great stumblIng block trios be pi.ui'r'd iii tile SOY riot more lican $i0' or I year In the penlientlary, or both." plates tIle supervision of tersanta by a bureau in Washington I am sorry hr has riot been on the floor whets I have esplairhdd of a proper programfor the trIutluit fau mirs of tile coo:itey We hail cobol's of the5e rui,'s and retuiati000 under theWe have too much Washington regulation already, and any it on at least two occasions, and in the 5 minutes now aUotted in the years to conic Thrret,rrr I hope I lost thi' uiuu'iiibos'i s of recent N ftA. and Potaio Control Act, both of which were pian that maki's Use, Independent owners ofnafl farina sub' Lii inn' I wilt (suit have an iupportuniiy to explain It, but a com- Ilsu, Conrnhittu'e with lih,'let! wIth huuc lit luirnlimig avIv thi' lucille helii uiiconsl itutisciol by tile Silllrrnie Court.I do not wantject to tlar dictatca of sr,ene theorIst In Washingto(i Is just piu'le Cspbniiat of the nieisaure is available,slId I hope autusiurized 10 1* lihuproluriati'ul mi hills IOU hO 111,11 iuiiili/',l to (lass ally iiiw niiskunit it possible 11cr any Secretary of Agri- olm(ily un-American.While we have had cOrisidi'rable cx. Ls'fi,ru, lIar day is ovi'r, if I calm obtain rn'cogmiit mmlii iind get tl,imtis alreauhy st't up; (0 1111:,iisurui/.ati,rniIhitit coilii,iii cuitlii e to WI lte sonic' rule Or regulation in Washington for perienee along this line being Ike last 4 ,ean, yet we arc i' i(t 111110. to Why,' tIli' isui'unle'rshii, the essence uf the (Incas. womk iunnnuduatu'ty afin'r hue i:.invii;r' of hite bitt.ill lilt' the i'ioiaiuv,n of s,Hcii one of my farmer constituents might not coiiveutcdIf the Biinklscodbullisaccepted by (in, ure whuch Is now before tlieiii, arid if tIle gn'niuienisn has anthat those balls wtiirh cloy lie l:lade caih be tiiudc prl:ulihui ty be sCOt to the pcnitentiary. unless thatuie is eiiibisdjed Ins House and becomes a law, there is no ituistion in gnu mimI olleni mind and iS reohly interested In the welfare of hlin Annier- and on a soouid basis. a law found ill uur otatute books. but that the Federal (Iovcrnnsrnt will eveulsually own iarge irani fau nurr, I should luke f or him to iislen to what I isavv' to Mu'. CRAWFX)IdO.lh,us Ito' c:uiuteoion 015111in)' tt oo,i:lii sections of tins tcnant farm land.It will be inipossible for say on this niieasurr during tie remauider of Urn day. to tire practical probuirn Ille i":ilii Cirdit A,iiruli:islr,mi loll Silt Tills till,' provides tile machinery for carryIng out (tile, 1,flue tenant to ever casopiy with the teruis of the rrtuiistioiis. i Appiinulse. h be up agatnist. lending nloilry iv lvruner A at 3 wi ,.'i'lut vuoilu'r anvl lie will ru reabty become a peasuilit as the term Is U, unit Ill rd the first place. it Sets up aiiother bureau I lI,'ie thr gavel (.11.1 the gerntteauan's proihosal. as sit forihu iii hIlts bill sub Inilitlog Within hue Departne'nt of Agiicilttule, lo be known as the ucctptcd In foreign eoun(ricS, 'the pu o-fiui nuns iiliui'nvluuucuit w.ls Withdrawn, money to fai inure U at 312 or 4 ilrrceiul? If 42 percent of tile farmers of the country are tenants, Faruhl Olcucity Aiimilulvtration Here, again, tile Secri'tauy II The Clerk read as follows; Mr. MAHON of Tr's.mSI certainty hiaoe 'i'(ve F:irvi C'rmriut given authority to employ uncl, persons and appoint ouch and if this 43 percent is brought under the doolirhiltloli and Tines I Adnnmnhstration is doinglust linbay.The tam,ud lliiiik Cvii: cgv'uit.. as ore Ilecessary, In Ii,s judgilient, to carry out the control of a Washington bureau, then truly regImentation of missionsrr loans duaw S tO'rceuit and thy' tand-baiik loans 4 As is usual attic these new agencies, tIle agricuilure has 501cC a long way. My fuarmgrs are opposed percent. Of course, we have hod an eiihr'rgi'ney rate of 3' is 101, of the law. They want to own their own farms. 5115105I ii,) Tile sn.'crrlary of Agrtoailiire I serriuluuier ceterred &u'leIary may make political appointnients, and "withoutto regimenhalion. to ss ti,e'si'nrei:uey' iIs sasilarised to make loans iii shun Uni(rd percent for sonic tlnnieIlou Incise thuit nio one shhioulvlLau They want to regulate their own famillea. They want to wort Slows snU hI slit 'rcrriiaries 01 Ahlaks arid Hawaii 10 pelsoru niigillhs eligible for one iuf (iu,'se tenancy loans unless hue Is uuuuubtu' to record to (lie cui'il.srriice laws snd regulations." .Ini Is also to revelve Olin bn,iiesns or 111W title so tusSle 55015 persona no aeqairs given tile right 10 fix tile eoiniicnsatton of these officers and out their own problems, and all they ask is a fair show and a secure a maui nnliii'r Ihi' Frviniiu Iluilid bank ahishtile l_,:iil I believe Uiorougliiy in the civil service, arid if we square deii ill comparison wiLls all other lnduslrles. rut (snip (nruiu neiil,nla, mmii Iate,ree.. nluorerrnpio'eo. Sank Counuunussiomuer. As I said yestrdiny. a slut iiviui Ifull:,:' einpti.yec,s This d,seusi,lo(i Is ni'ei'saariiy somewhat technical because liii oilIer are cora iii set up agencies of (hr. kind, let us remove thew ,:iuioluui.e ella ri'.'eluiiy Ol,5,00u'd, Liuo uul,uioe loin assiucistion of lIve uilri'etoi s111111 ii sd h'tary 'I ri'.,s:iui:' I have attenupicd to explain jut what the bill embraces, It iii illume liii lulln 1111111 (arsuing Opr.r.riioiisniloii Sn' n'iigibmn Ia iv, rues is now operal 11iIn evi'ry imgricuilluiral county uif III'' i'oloitl as far as ins isle from all political patronage. is somewhat lengthy because I could not nay to you these in.....Our ii( iiuis suite(mu nlukiulg u,n,uiiiibir uu,r lK'lueflms of tills IIliluikhilts title gives autlioril y to the Secretory to do (uric tile Orrrrn.reynhl:iil give (lrr(reenee to perma,us who sen mivarrieii. They know how 10 cionperasr ill a bo'OKi urn such is ii,. things Irs less thor,For tlse reasons herein slated, I am un- Or isilo i,aol ,leta'ulW iii Isuliitiei, or, wuierever prociiesbie, so ierous Ill Ihus bill.I mope this aunrlidiuur'ilt will be avt::pti ii. anyllilcic he only desire and create almost unlimited expense The A new provssion. however, Is willing to be a party to the enactment of this law. shl,u ore able 10 lush ohiniLiol donti poyiiui iii, or who .rc owners The appiapm'hathoui provIded toe mi lbs bill it sosuuiuiitisu iii uongo'ctioli with Ills duties. of tineslsak end form iuuupteiluenivs neu'ro.orynunri'ersnaliy 50 carry oR 010,000,000 provided for the first year must be borrowed. very iinaln'rIaladconn(ullslinurnteuiiibe esmn.'l hid listed anlolig many other things he may do, and that is he As I said fsrluiiiigoperiish.iiiiNo Imesoil shah be eligible who is iiassruiizels fei,iiiII,:' (lily 'purchase, operate, and maintain at the seat of govern- and a large part of It will be wasted In overhead. 05 till (Jiihied BiaSes passage of this nuleasuer (Jliuli'i.1 hll:'riduOl'ists 0 01,11 II:.iv niemit and elsewhere motor-propeUed pasvenger-carrying snd In the beeinntrsg. the faros questIon Is not going to be InNo iota shoii 1w none for the se,ulliaiuioui of oiry furls auliess pruuposed, if we handle thIs procrani tiurovigis tIle Puui (ui lit solved uniLil the farmer is aisured of a parIty prieg with other ii 1,1if ssi'is site as shIv Srs'reiory deierum,iiil's 10 nut nciift, 11.111 Is Ci.li' other vehicles" for the use of the swarm of investigators and SI haLe enu emrieiit rsrnu-nisnal'e,ro' siid so ,'uisble a iIiiu.'eiil Adminisb uutiolh. we Will be able to srcuu e nourhu noire I l.uhuly agents Iliat will be put to work if this law becomes eflective,industi Its. foruui fiunilly 1.1 entry uI siiirensruui farnhiilg 01 a type wiileii stir Sno' adequale nroney to finance it.(Jhudrr hue billis diasii a tHere the gavel frII.l reiary dec'mr toni be suo'eesa(aiiy yarned oniii lIe loeshisy ill silirl, direct appropriailoli from FOr nuy part. I have felt that these agents could get about Mr. Chairman, I else lx op. the 'l'ceuisuui y is ri 'uluileul the colititry from place to place often enough by using the Mr. PETERSON of Georgia. the fssm isiituiait'd Mr. Chairman, I shomutul like In pu'csi'r:t ,soniu' i;.sal Ii: I railroads arid ocher methods of transportation, but here the position to the pro-f orma amendment, Mr. MAI(ON of 'Finns. Mr Cluiniruiuiin, I oiler au alocnd- ond udeas on, Ike slubject of faruhi I i'ulzmni'y. Ve i.hilu:u:hiuu:i:,uu. (asllayers' money may be used to purchase flying machines Mr Chairman. I have listened during the last 2 days wiLls rilent which is lit liar dcl k's desk. priatu'iy forgu't time furls of limi' l'miibteili 1110,1 lie lilieS: I ,luu .1 in asiviituoil to omoiuccais. and all this Iii the lrsteeeot of tilea great deal of Interest to the Isnmrntati000 of the great On Tile Clerk rI'imul so Iuilhicaci: 0 svtumtivtu, both sidra of the aIsle as they bemoaned the hopeless piliiiit farmer Alli.'uiuini,'nui,,ili'imahly Mr. N rim,.ei ,r Tern: OIl lviii'I.liii,'0. 'uve ilild niiu '.,'et,,ns prilbtlluhi hf Imun It r::iis'y11,1,1 oin,iii 50 of the Americsii farmer; and as theIr wails of woe have gone irOn oils "l'n,iser xi ecerriory" svd mnlerri ill lies ilii,'ueol sue allot- 1'(ilt,'sritii'mrnt Administration eapire5 on June 30, 1931, scars ago.Beglfirvnug with 13 i'ol:iuih,'s, tub , from thia Hall I have been constraIned to think of the comh- inK"l'swi'r 0, y'i.rmni iiucdit Adniiilieirauu,in Nuuti,:r, hi;, arid tl,i ullilerstiluldung is that many of the Resettlement offi- OIl 'see I. millIe slid a. Oteian 005 uSe motionIng. "The 0,'rrciory panmled hit iiltcrvais hliltli now It rnulut,ices a vlsI rrnll:ire 0:111 cials alit be given mw sobs under this act.Now, from a duct of the scribes and Phaeloees. St Agnieuihi lureI hii'rriuuufter rn:rerredilu sa hue 'Si'erelory I" simS 1.903,'33'l.000 acres Formerly thu fah rulse ulllildloller t.uioi business standpoint, many IteaetUeinent projecta have been ft ha startling to me to find that men wiso are supposed to Iflsi'rlini (icu iio,rrof tile follewunug.....tie Earns CresiIs Auhnmmn- under rise hounle,ilc'ovj ba's of Ilme Uruili'ih Slab', i,ilui,,rtiiiug a stencil in the nostrils of the aound-tilinking public.Wit- have dedic&ted long years of their lIves to the problem of A farmer who Ic'cimiuie heavIly leil,bll'il olul,Il, the American farmer and who have wltIsessed durIng Lice last l.uiuiu clii 1,1 ru's',liii' prujcrl at liu'ttociiie as an example, where homes Mr MAIION of T,'sas. Mr. Chiaurnumi,nu,tile iuunu'iiduiui'nit sln'i'u'u.Irr it to lbs crl'lhihors limuih mu, In Illlv's I 30 years the continuing depresaed condItIon of the American lii,..,. Cioliiii', reIntellto sullen thousand doilars have been ueIIis'h I i,I1,'i is 1111 iruril'uidhiul'mut wiiiuIm siiiiply till rIo ovi'r Ilie rhlslry slid llnnumeslu'adisiunit iln'rlilrlui. Ii,:t farmer are slow bringing before the Anirricais people a piece 'I'tl.'r:'sri, lily Circled to rrnt to laborers gild persona wIth low inComm. and aliliiintshration of thIs act to ilie Farm Credit Aduniruistra- nuuch bum those days to provulku, famnuu lduuuulic y bcehiitti,':i Ii,.: all thu. not of the tisspayers' money.Tile Alaakan colony of legIslatIon whIch, at its moet. can be cossaidered rlotinOi lion.Thur pie.sent bill places the gdsrinilsfestluon of lIme act land became search' II was slut luOssibie for a l,irilu,'i' I,, lilly tAppiaose.1 isiviitiieri aacnple (if 'Fugweiiian dreams.It ha true thin but a hypocritIcal pretense. In the hanoinif the Si'eretary of Agrlcuitirre. but lise See- issum:h of the Oils1 fertile Ionn land iii Al,ii'riuiu 1,11:11: to1 trW Piofu ss'or Tugweii, the head of Resettlement, Is no lunger I have studIed this measure to Use best of my ability. aiud mu'tary of Agiinuhiurr and tile buri'aua olleratinlg uiidu'r hinh edIts or a few diuliars an acre. 'the tiniu'i:f fl,.,t.iu:ii .1011 I refer in partIcular to Utle 1,1 do (sot find tirereuii 01O linelot skilli'd un the b,isiiiess of Ien,drng nnluiley to fjrunuers CoiiIii'rivoiiii the Government, but lila trainees. those wIts sy manner adno land that call be bhillght cheaply (UI;. ll;lvsu'ii11,11 si' liii.'':,ous 0901 ated with low and who are still carrying on lug policIes. sIngle idea or thought or word wblcls in on faimu land, arid rriy auuiendmrnt provides that we shall Into Ule evIl days of proim,iun,,'ed aId lid ilicioun hail,, Icii.siuty. 6531I CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 29 1937 CONGRESSIONAL Thul ihis LIt moy be cited a. tbe Former, &cioolty Art of Os the pensattes thereof The Corpneutiotl .he.ii be enttttrd to the RECORD_HOUSE 1031 free use of the United Otates motto foe II. oticial buatriese inIt. t5u3 It y.nsn,, 6535 TrOt..I -Foes re,.,. smote manner a. ttte e.ecutioe depaeUnent. of the Onverstolent "8cr 6 (51 The Corporasion shall lee Penperfy inten.t retaIned by the Under tIlt, title to persons Or ermpera(ioe, fart. aceluieed by it faction 51 ths obiIgstt,,n Coeporeitt11n tn n.e-ne. thc.,ll.. SrlrillnI i) there Is hereby eetlltllinhed a eorporistlou to be 'iii All books, records. atid account. of tIle Coeptlnation and of elileible f,,r it. benefits hlll,n IiU tile Further.' SocUrity C'lleplll .LLIIU (11cr, limiter iii Lbi. sit county committee, .haii be open for inspectiontinder ouch "(hi Fitre,, leasmed situJi be Of sill hala, su the county coot. '((i For the purletoes of LIII. moth01, lUi r,il rcld ill U. the Coepllr.11lon). wilhh I. ilereby dnril,red to he eegul.ttco, 5 the Corporution nisy preetrihs by any omeer of ill. fftittee with tile appr0053 of the Ciirlloratlon paid ohLbs .gdeed Pt110basd pri,. rIill i'Oftlplifl11g inc Sil),,llrIt lvl<..l.-y .1111 thriFt, meotltliy viI tIe UlIlled StoLes.The prin. Corporatton or sny member .rfacoui,ty cv,ntittlteiOr by Oily aumntent to conniifu te en cm-lent deterlain,, to hs tiler,'5lnil hr furmn.oinoup.ment Unit and tn ajil000ts pulti (purohant Lu, eec e)dt ( illhllIll Ii 1 11111.-;li tile cl.rpllrotlon.iloli be ivo'nlnd in tile Itiuttlet of jmrnoa Who he. aptdied for or rceelbool 050t,tnilce utldee this act. ennble tile Or more ditii.rnt Etlrm by .uch aonot,nte as ihe IlOaI'ratci1t. familIes eitl,er fndioldmlsliy Or COrp'.raI,111, tIlde are tle,','.ureepdli,Iiiflvi,I t'..rlllllilllsTile illoilfcnieflt Illi.e(JOrjlllllti101I 0111111lIe veiled '-icil'ile Co.npiroiicr Oct11 lIltlIf the Ulilted h it Ileerby eeopeentioely tocsrry on faeorll,g bUn., it for any Iiieuraner palo illII 110- tuiilotIoed med directed to nildit It ieu.t once cant goveeomentuf mittee drrm. can be succmsfrilly,, a typo whIch the cm.nty mm. 'tmSite fern, and fIle auol,lilr. lll,UllllFd of direl-tllr. Conlfc.000 of five illclubcrt1,01 ieee LIOnS eerrled on In the locality In under motion 13 wIttI respectto 11,1,1 110 of 1011l,,flft lily rifle of their .ilIOlIlltfllent. .rc tarot tell.nte fiscal year. and at e,Ieh oliterintl. ad he may pnscrilte. thy book,, ohich the fsrni I. amtmlsted eunludeg auth portion. of ainoutli,tIe farm, uul 12( tiled. sIllyIre crollorrcrllppl-rt record., and account, of Ihe Corporation penoldtng minimum etnadand.which Of givi'teensonsble indto'etlns,of chose as Ihe Cvs'por,tmoi1 PsId ullder 5 contraIl Tile director, 611011 he oppoitlLcd by Lb. I'rr.i. Such audit shall be foe health and deeeltcy for such detcrotiries arc pru.perly lie - deoL, by nod wil h the ndclr. 01111 rolltl'nt of the Senate Each tbe sole paepoae of mublfg . report to the Preeldcnt of Lbs United family or (umlime, a, estabilahed latero,t paid ileder thc eot,trnct ail11, abI,to dirrl-tllr 011.11 receloe -. IM'Y ot tIle r. tO Ill $7.. together with State, utmdthe Congress, tlrgetberwlttl such eecommeadetloas the Department of Agntcullaeby the Bureau of Noose EconomIc. fl-tWIt ill've&.11ry tral-CillIg till inutlaL.tl'llcc cnpclrees When eogigetl thereon., the Comptroller Oener.I define adrinuhie. '(riEach lflee shall be fora termOr othee 000ernzeent agencic, in "nec S The Corpoestion ,hatt hune the power. und it ahail be It. the Corporation may renew not in sorts, of 5 year., and "one a At any time dt,ring which liltbluillers of the Corporation outside of tileDintrirt of ally suet. ieu.e for a term not In I. ill rffel t a c,hi,true tllnll,'r to, 1011, Cl,illnlhit an ShIll 110111 omre for.term of S ye-ar., e.rept Lilut ii) duty, to e.tabli,h. sod to aiet Ill tIle eatablistmnlent of, fsrina of5 proc. estee. Lbs CurporetlolIwIthLII. o'lltlurlil flit y n.elnttcroppoillted to Dii and 15cm boone.. foe the puepcce of encouraging tile ownemhtp of "(dl The lose .11.11 pronide for alldupolleeconlfllvh.dti Ill 1,1tIle icy occurring prior Lu the payment, which the Corporstlon rIO.. the lnI.ermt of the poe,'tlenOrtl,e coullly coul,,LiIi, I,IlIlnil eopilaiilln of the tell, fur Which to. peccletrsso, 0-Ire oppolelted fuem homes and lmnpronlng the situatIon of form tu000ta, .Doc.. determIne, to be faIr ond reneoliable ill the feet,1 at s Intl e 01111)1 Cropper., and farm taboeera. be In eeneee of tile pesoasling and mch payetermt, shall not shall out esceed sn emot,nt 01,1, It tIe n Ilpointed for thcremnillder Ill auth Ltnn, end iaithe rermtnl, In Lion localIty In which tile 00 ohs lerm dllnhnlabcd by tIlee,IueI to tIle cliflrilinIllIrlIlorri t:'rinor office of tile membcr. first tnklng cmce atio'r the dote of "ucqnla,noot flea lsrnnoeasenr Or Poorest. farm is altuatrd as neettfieg by asul,ullt Itllpaid uild,'r 11,1111' he rilnri ment of tote act cfltii enpire a. deeii;nutecl by th. Pre.l. sons prohIbit the prepayment ofthe county CommItteeNo lease tIle 101111,1,1 'See 3 The Cocpor.tlon ahail 1111cc power, in ordee to c.rry out 'lU The tee.. ahuii Provideally sitnl duo under It 1501,50? t,oeos cm... dent at tile tlni. of appollttt.lcl.t, one at tite end IllIyese, ntt. tile purposes of section 2, to--. eequtecmen that the lessee wilt coflforfi, to Sec tO In ony cs.in whIch 101proyemen,, ut tile cod or 2 yeae.. 011e at the end of 10115. nile at the cod 'hat Acquire by puech:.Se. gift, denier. condeletnatlon, ne by as the Cnepoeatton .11011 preserlti, such acqulre.tuc,oer thbn title bane tIll lvc prl.tl,Il 014 yl.lrr, slId one et tile end ce 5 yenre after lile dote of tile property nosy be mamntntned Sn in feder List tile at whlcl, eiech properly is toldOnto no blisde by relief lo II,lrII, eflnein.ent teenafer from ally ogel,cy of the U.,ited Stute. oe from any Stale, ef tile fuem prenentemi repair, and waste slId esbuustio11 if ti,iu OctIn ill bmitting Lb. name, of ouch fillip'. Territory. oe political s,iitdlni,ion, real proimety. and option. to a, mitch Of tIme cost of sitch ialcma puerha,','n 01)00 Il,dili.l,' .11 flee. to tile Ornate foe cuotteinotton °(f) as in1101 ih. Pre.tdrnt shalt ceet.ty puro'hsse nsi property. .uit,ubls foetIesfin farmIng and tin The here .1.11 ltr,,niGe fny It. 51t1,lilnt o hi, h tile county b'llillmttte,, uI,51,,11111 that In Ill. opInion. eur.h of tutu rmllt II.. dnfloll that shy Ohiigstion theeetan&e or upon tl'nomnhttlOn upon dcfanit of cost If tttmllllle labor oliten than ltefefll,l lIeno 011ili be he furm hornetReal property mey be acquIred subteot to an aealgnment wIthout tile eon. roller iaIoi( Ills liii cccl tenery effort to improve the stato. of those Who reseenutiotis, outstaodillg raiates.interents. easement., ae Other sect 51 the Coeporetiost by LI Ic lease.of this il,10rr et qllniiry irle loon. or grant. under tile prooi.init. of thIs act and eneumlteonees which the Corporation determines will not Inter. "III ?Stn Coepor.tton .11.11 hare "OLson or rndtr,soe, is Ii. ey.opethy ultil the effort. of farm tenents. bent laborer,. fera with tha Utllintion of aueh property for the puepus tional tenna (not inconsistent wstpont to Prescribe such addI- "nrcIi -If the pllrchala.r llitderaeor1tr.1.t .1111 th.recroppers tli beeo,tie ftelon,ener.Before the Peealdetis of deem.. flee.m.sry to osrey Out the thia titlel In the team a. it 8 dIes, the tao ot tIle State 011,1111 ulld. r old: III this tiLl. - pecoisfoos of thm, title SLed sluill Iloteell on Terrlioey mu 5011011 III,' lee,ui nil liflllS the flame, Of nolitineca foe nembetohip on the board of 'ia, Construct and neerouuey "lb( Anso0ose Paid uilder anh.retinn illdetent1,1,010, Ia11111. director, of the Coepoe.tt.ln. hr .11th rnutntuin buildings and Im. nmOlim,to a. the Coeporntm 141, dlmltiiubed by such thr eIghts and be vllbiecu If tIle peeaot, a ho oIi,,ii glor I reasonable oppor. Ireonententa 010 properly acquIred u,l,ler this section.Na build. debeelnitie. se. necec_usey to LIII- lillblit 10'. undee th,' ioihllact tunity to the naiionuirepre.rntaLt,ce of the venous orgsntoattnna 101 ehali be constructed under tilts .ubuectlon untIl, the onunty It for ineue.nmo. paid on ti,yfarm and for amoilnl, pnldremnebuno aocl, per,olIi 011.11 lIe tlititletj bl,ld coiilpotEll primal Ilyof fsrm tenonu or .hneeceoppee. ao recom- eommitbea hn certIfied to the Cas'poeaiton the necessity there. motion 13 with ee,psn'n to the undee be aobject to the ,ome tiohittllr,ttieorrnlv,. tIle aumt. rlfill tosod 011011 mend pcewlll. for CoOl. positions. The Corporation shall altattally ch.ee linen of til. f Olin if ihefayen, shall be applIed to thepue- tion, at the nequms. and 01111 us the purcihet.._.n The m'tlrll,,ro. foe oDd ha. appenoed tIle type of buIlding snd tha aalolsett pee- COrI,orntloml eater, tutu a tIle c,l,toent of tIle pervo,i niahe a Illii report of Iv. aL'tioitiet to the t'.c.ldrnt of Lii. Ben.t. posed to be e.prnded foe the fun.tnlction thereof. for Otto puecb.se at the fuelo bythe loses.. contract mulled. Is sIitliOrIo,ed to tcrilili)atc uc and tilr Speaker of the house of Repeeeentntioe. Who ahall 00055 Intenent of burl, pm'r.On lIe nlbI,t,tct arid pIir,tlIlolttl, tile a-.me to h, printed I or the information of tile Caugeess "tel Improne develop, Ssfnlnildn. 0.14 bear. property acquired "t.ona,, eosrldmegrmoo ala peice n-lid1 oholi c,t under thl. snelloe, "Sec. 'S amount eqItil to the cunentsppnntleo oat,Iy cOc,'tliIll h(rile board of dIrector. aboil taLon pow,. iii to select from (al Wheeener prscticabic In tile is.lerl Op the amtluoi ui.pal,i ,fInc ftlrtfd1l111 IS lnrtoilnraachatenlan andatice cbsien,an. title, the pi'osllectlye tenet .hall be admnmnlutralion of IhIs uiruii 000l.mn sad, penoislonuunoen LIre coIilrnl't 121 to determine IditImb Is to be nlads 000hfable to hImcOneuite.J eespv'otltlg tIle facto as tile Corpoeeaobi IjIaliTb,e 11111 end illeocrihe tile nianiler in which the obligation. Led e.pente. 4 The county committee eslabiithrd under sectIon 32 and respecting Ohe cnn,temjc. carry out Ohs. scctiOu. prca.,riian io of the Coellllentlon thoU he leonard, ailoced. end pus, and (Si hI..' tion, eeama,40lmngeet.ttsln,or repaIr of any bmaiistng aa to adlIpt Curb hyluoe.nd to peotnnlgnte such role. and eegoie. "(at fleceloeupplieoliont of yrralrn. dr'tillt.g to nell erui peep. the bI No butiditig shall be 'OldIS. The ncqutnilloi1 by ike til,tiv nut lilcil,attte,lL CIII, tile peonteiostt of this art. a. may hO rely In the duality to the Corpoeutlon iOr the puepo.es of tblt donetructnl reekofeled entonded Or to caret orlt Coelnlr, Ibid III blIp (01,1 tlrcrn,ieiorcoiloei,ir.It for the proper conduct 01 the attain. of title eepaln,d by the CloflWrstmon OIl anyfarnt danlng Ihe period during OSlo pnleit,ionn ftIlls titie IrI,re, p bib CllrIl,.11llIcil or to rarty not the Pllelil,..c., of this act. "ii') Mike lttqilirlee In the euntity netat cmi prnperty WhIch which a lease tu In effect uutea Slate Temttony, or puittleei obllllmlilt01111)11 lIly with thr content of tIle lessee JuriSdIctIon In and oosr suchoubdi010ion dOIt.-. 01011 ''InTh- etllliniIflb. Coeporotion tiltil beIt, lb C Lion of muy be l.uLtllblr'n,l,i aontia.bieIlltotct couoty for purchose toe thermlt pnopnrtp On over Ir1nvntlsrrsIlirlt $511111101) Olniculocrlheti by the tinit.d Si;,ic.If Amerirn. pay. tIle Ituell000a Of tubtitle 'Sec 8 tic impaIr th, civil or politl,'si (al The Coepor,ttonl5auth01 the State, Territory on political nigl.l.eullOce ihe law of ifllIlli,;rll)llrillil.loi,eauhiecllucniltill, llnlr.lelnp:lithy "Ic I Feomifeted ulItlillire rentilrl'pel I p in the county when tiin the teentinti to,t of the lease at sny tilue not later auhisiylaiou Of such pv-nolus I (triviumIftill. Cl.rporotlnt,. rile cl,riII,ratiotl 011011 erqnl,ed hy tile I'oeiloeailollhr U lire.I. Ct to uhIctI ui,pllcatiotl the lelsee Under whIch the lee.'. to salter Into a contract With IS.....ill rile Set rl'i,lrtIlltill. Te,.o, dry reel't1,L, fe pnyn.ruil, for tO cell psy the price agreed upon hluiltanagree, to puechase the farm and 'nec. IS coo h ri-CO n'Ih-.l-r)1ll I.....nrl.icucl,rl.eelili,ollnll eo1,icfl,:e Euvept in the euue of propeei tile 'Ii ih,' r,,e,,clvicellrll'lIt,li,,'ttIlIltnily ntldh cent yir.lpeety In tii l,ucluaflce of .eetlon 6 (hI I ainoitat. appiierl to such price ywiu', rrlpr.. ito 0111.11 110 ...... Oil Illlile U lIce, 15111100 lie clillll p Ii .11',Ueil Tho term of each such Coliteedt coatcoct under sreiion 5 is illeffect, the ceoi,,'rlt uvliulre,i Tiii-rt. In ottti 111001'll ii, he IlllIe).c tIe III.lt itItrI' In rl'O,llilailie ilbeii- elomil be 40 yelr. fronl the hale Or l.sers.5 by the Conporsll,ln 1111.1 011 of the makIng of the contend Ill i.Illill'yilltile 'l're.lnueynL,toillceloi:,e lIe llOreicI'e slId h',v.e ovoid r-.teryhut uile purlot'o'e The teen, of onyslleb contract taaatlon by lay Otate, Tenruiocyunder tins Ibile 011.11 II.ft 'trIllfrolil 011111 lilt Ill ml 'in Ill 15001100 004, illrtile ll.vtul .0 1,1 11110 III te,Ii'1,10llceetifyto bile('Ill ti.etLion slidit alotti puroi,ae.ee who his nIly ho ensended In the cam of on polIliccO ttlbruoiticni lot paul the entIce anloant due Corpw.t.o.i altuil pay, Inneepe.,t ,,f arleti prollcety 1101 ttlr illtill' l.lilli.li til,,h (If il,c l:.nIrlli ionIn l,,1,ti. tell lIpil,e1,,,l,lltl,toi,icllhe c,l.nit,itrc,. 11111., IC5 rellsonuld. the IIe.roioio,Ls foe e,,lum'a'd pmyn,rtiI. by rea.eoU of Itsed ieIy foe sdrolnlstnatioe )esl'ellt pedin II) ti.'ilill.'i.'l,..iilllllr).,edill hr oppevilill,v.d,,Iit of inylnllllcy lIce.tllkitlll 11110 cotlolltr-rII1I,,iIIlliot,;lh,eaIllthc cbs,., i.io.t In dm'fn,mit on of ,uI,.,'otion tbl If tire pun. or polilleal shlblIi,lel,,t, eI,ncer,Ienipurtloaet1 ,to tIle oLute'r.rrli,Irv it tile frcnultryllllt lllllerwlve allpruprillico.hr curl, benes,Icetwd- d...tiltyNoer'ol Ilrlltlr'rIyl.iI;Iitvlrpilel-ila..I',mbytlicctlrpoortlttl,it l'hee.teiistvit Ii, anicil cone ,ilelieny ofl,ee pronlalon or thc dnno,ellct tiun drteymolc, to be flue lIli 11011111 nI Ui1101,be Chlrp.l,a in,, lilt ill 11.1.01 vlOIr icr '01101, nil upprlIilr101illn is mode under tlthtl'i,oerbiibcd by the eouittyel,l,lniitLeein 0 lOch such reel be flrr,ricl, perIod us tIle Cor. peeperty OaseS sad netc.lr)aliie ho t lIlli tile itoeutioll oebermll,es will be ut'oolauey i ianludllrg abos-lul soIl utiiee Inore tiIu)I 1111 1111', ClIlilO vvllicnCellill 1101101.0 a. toni- 1W ilecenrney to corey yelped y I, nitUato'd. floe shunthe C'llrl,lliation fly for any t.uctt puy tile ulmloillit dud, together wIlIm to eliabie the purebaa.e to would lIt Paysbir to auth Stuto, aese-ortnethnnl vii,ii,,, pliriolte, 'Ii this alt. 011,1 lile sun.., nppreprluli.d in pier- prolleely nIt unloullt tth codedof It. Oaitie a. to eoetlGeml by Inleecot theecon at tIle este of will S lo ecel.t Pee al,nom in uouuol Itiotallltientl If audIt pnopertp weneowne,i by a Tcrnitonp,prioutd illd(Uoust on political eubdiol,lol cnalllel,f LIII, nil, hllrioni lvi, ohuli be 000lishle to the Corporation ihecouotyeolt,,oLticc NO errllflratiots Luaube n,ad.wlther' age allnilat payment mede by 11mm equal to the acre. of eulvll sn'oullt shuit be Tile PSYUII1I) fllrllleilllelolLl'ont ihli act spi'ct to 10110 In Which afy melober UI Lii. com.ulttne bee any burn, Of the 40- year donte act. duetng Lb. last tO years of tbs woof d otbers,Iee be di,e nodIIIl,de 01, bile dsy ipon which,ucbiaueo 'id I'1 lIe Cuellorlllion.lnl'ILidingIf. property. fennchlse. cap- peopeety Itlteeost. dinedor titdleect 'ib) TIle conleect .bat penolde for p0.yeble 01.1 rc'ceoes 51rpm., 11110 0111cr lurId.. hid it. iul,n, sod income. anne ng the prIce .grrml Upon, togetherpsynlent Of the unpaid bet. 'boll be ctrmilt feilnl oil tanntLllo flow or llereoft.er imposed by wtthm intrrenl thereon St the "net, 14. In tIle eupetilsllure "Sec 5 in) Only farm tenommts. tarn, lsttoeee,. ahneryropprrs, rite of I). peroent pee nllllun, In u,iden thIs title of funds for thy PvrcIi.,e. the tl,llied 5tLeei,yany Trrritney, depen.fcney, or pbs,emlon and otl,ee todiciouni, oho Oblain, or whn recently obt.lned. the 'ace wIth Ilnlform Imorttfltion annual Installments in aecocd. ille salloont wlltcbl it OcolIlell dl Inca tileicufor he any Stoic, 000nty. mnnieipnire Other itoul toning pl,eatlnfl sched,iJe. peesceibed by the One. dwlng any htcaI year ehail be 111111111 iIurlu,vc IltillIril p. rOcept 50 hrrelrlefter provided maine ftarllolt of titter lileome 1mm funliing oper.ttana.hsll be 'She colitenet shalt peonide tbstif, on ally illstalhlnent meenal Ota,es and Treetsontes espeuaed eqmuIlaiyy flailIng Mnflguges, notes. and elIgible liiolthiiunuty or cOopne.tlycly to needy. the heeeGte of hale One'fouj.th of the cash valueof the fuein peoduole peodanrd on the basis of the tie ill'rlien nnd credit illotrllnlenid ruecotrd to. Or fIeld by. the this tItle, but rIo Ouch peeeon bhali be o'ligible If hi, incesT,. Is OIl tile marIa foe aale duelug tile firm IrlIalIcy lIed farm prro.irll,ccf (IllIlIleatloll slId any nhllgulilln ieeiled or eueruted by tt nhaii be peeoloa, Insonlimeni Is Ic., thanperl,ld since thu due dote Of tbe 0500, 151 the basS. Of tticiloputatlo,, latrut 55 ltei,erllll0J b1'lIe Corpra n- d'elilr'dillldi,eld auffoicot to moifltall,tilefamIly, pay Opeeottng e.peri.e. stld the ic.taiinreti. dI,r tile atsaisbie Uu,II0'd b bIds to he ln,trurin.ntuIitie,, of the ijnitoti State,. and tn.Intatn property owned by hitu. bed dIaOhiacge nholt be peemltted to psyon oeyot,nt on sUch Inatalfn,00tpuechsarr 'ttrcn II-. ROliosli aaron celloblo The t2orjvlr.ttno. When IlrlIi:ooled for that purpose by She Sec- the l.ilee,'ut and pelnclpai payments on any lodebtrdaeeo neoaced amola,.t eqUal 10 but not teat thsn an Lou,o such farm product. Otle-founh of tbc nash Oalue of retory llf the Treasury. thnll hO 0 deponiiary of public money. by nach property.In makIng a,uliabln thn heoebtn of thle tIde. Thr conor,ct sb.Ii also peotior "Si,cto, 21 enl-ellt receipt, from cv%Tvmt. Under 011dm reg..iution. a, mop be the Corpoentioli nhsil gloe preieeettce to persons wbo Ire married mneliliment dot., otle-fOnntl 51 that If, on sny to elIgIble ittOlotdIl.11torroi,pr(Si Tile Coyponaii111i .tomfl llaoe ilrc'erlheoby told Sl-rretlley. .odnlny ale,, be employed sea or who hsoe depeodent farnilice. a,td who are must in Oecd. act., Produced On the farm for theenahosl,,eof the faeon prod. p00-ce bIlkl 11,111. flil;lil,-ini dote of ton pevolous litetnllmelitsale ulleing tire period ,luee 1100 Of the eolhilty comnlltlef Oilly Ii..fl 'lId I III 1111111110, lIgeill of the Gocervinent; and chali j.rrfnnetalt such "ibi The reonmtnendetlolie of peonpeotlo. teaser, by the entioty Is moee than the Ibatultaleatbe due equipment for tile pllrcillc_ Of l'le-bl,vk cellollluble dlii)...oe deposItary Of public nlolley and financial committee peooided foe in eertioli 32 nhail be considered In st.iev t. the p Ifobaeen tltali he pncmltbrd do.. sOpplios,aces, Iced, fcrtltlzec 101111 ilelIILIllliltC.oOl.n.l,ilett. no may be required Of It The Cur- mel,i an amount Ilot Snore lhsnto p.y in addItIon to such 111,Isll, Deeds amid fortIle relfuaor aIg of Indcblb'OlietoslId tunoiher funr,i log insect of iutld Within thot county, nnd no leuoe of loud .1100 the sluounf by Which onc-fourtt1 0011 lllll,lli,liI m.y 01011tll'll'Iilltla. on Oiilltofii,. tinned nLnLea be tlladetIs county to any meson Ulitll the county commIttee Of the cash vetue nf such for Illollip n-il IIrI-..),el'I 1010110, In the public 11,0,11, in to tile l.utyi.t nod In cal cpt Ihat, in additiot, Snfarm pueta eodctdo tudhtnetalintent (b) Los irs lvndr. ilhiden this 11:0. bad III oiipoetl.o Ity to crpl,rt Its (.pittlln With eeelleet to ton SCI Umalated delfcteochos 5l,lotiot equal to the whole or rote lIft Ille,, ens of Ic, iloli ailsil her Illlerent llrl'.n.)ilcll i.e tile Set'rrlllryIf tile Ililirlor. or by tile abilliy of arId,trout to cllrry Out altdrltakb.Igf which may be in payment by measoll of pact of t', PdrldO IiidF nI a i:llllIll,I,u,,ln,.rIll 1.111 teit illlder the pflcr'dtttg nlstarltiennlliill niLuIl,n 01111 ailuli11.111' tile ivileetl I.n,ldUtile.. ollh tilt opproc.al of relillierdIII tttel .tndi.r this title'rhe r,tutily eOnln,lttee,1.iab' n'niemiec. may be al'ccpLcdpaymeul. pee. eal'ee,5 of 5 peon. riler,,.lr,-tIIryIllLilyiiltertl,rTile Corpllrolior,. web tile c,,n. livhed 111111cr acetlo,, 32 at,aIi niukc toqlliilrn ill tIle dImLy as tI' The cvnteant shall hr hi hi audI imIsIOIiolc.,i 50 55 the Bulb l0511t 1111111 brll,11,11,,, cl-Il)Ill1010 000lo 00 the tiorpneotlait tarli foelo 01,0 O'cntoiti '11,-il alrer,rle,,t liii COdPOrn,tyml nuny pelluid,, 10lIe il,,,,ill'011il i.n.illll .lolicfnllril'l,ll,tst,fnhomtit 111 eo,e, Illulln nclde ll,idt'e tIlls 11110 ilconrccti,r lcto'ns Wits III' r'ilgihle to II clot tIle lo.onilta of ti,l, Li,,' oopaid butane, of thenIiall lireerlbe 1,1 Ardlil e tIIc o thahl.l lilorsfage a hell oil silollir ae 110111111 lie (locernrnl.ellinllyntnit lt,ieIf Of tIle tttie nod nb.Iit eel etve,ppil. hitlotl. of Ir0"Itodtloe Iceodee l peice ageeo'd uyolt trther witl.poc,l,.',,t of drlrila01,0 a,m lireIllIfllllr)v0 11111.aerl ice,tel-Oil el Iibore,, to peoteen the hlmtelr,t emeda fro,n tIle aIIm aloll'lllllelrIILl ,.illcrrr. ngrot,, nod yin. commiltec il,,d, Ihat nny peesltn is icr eil4'lbte und that such peesoll securIty and to nasare thet tIle e,01. of ttie foncgOli1gof e*'rhl-oIturId pr,ftuoo.orI, 1,11,1.....,I )ll.r,ll,l1.1 I. cr01110 vrlt tire iielloLoi001 Of tilln act. by reunli, cf tl5 character. IhIlity. utld etlterlrmlce to lIkely sucI'etO- nl,ioisin14 in repair fueni ntii be avi II';tiletill, P1.1l III, Ileeceiml..t aild wool. and n.baUstlon 51the farm iO) Only farm l,wncrn, farm teltat1i, 011,10 hove 1010cr in r,n1riny. to ito flillyto cuieylot alloeet;lkiilge ecryiloed of him,, attdeeule:cc "101 The nOutr.et ailill otlnellcr,lt,pe,lr,1 ens, arId nther 'numioldilnm,, Who - PIll iheloner, 111)11 ,tuilys of inch tif. Which lilac be t,lnde nndee till, tliie, It llllL,il ttl cent ify ma the Cot- tabe,nl,d luomlalnents peoyi, tout the puechs.en absil obtoill Ill, lvUri)t'i..Illticreeperi, Ond rnlpil,yeyn .ini Ilgeni. poentllll.No len,e of Inc mIld III tile colit.ty th,,ii lee lnsde lId-n olt th, farm to Lit propre taulitg pay the elajor ponlon of tbeir tiO'oin, onwi,lhnlle 1111 I11111 lId' II II. 111.11 1,1 fitnl iliatiro 000 pay foe be eligIble fF001 facmt,itq.' lIlltllII,ll )llll..o;lrrill .-,ury l,rbL lIly 1cluo-rn onIt Itutlr'. nontrcrrd tot, tItle tootle pettnn utIle . tcOa.m pt300u bIle beca so acrtilltd lneUr.nnn on Otto fanin bulhdm.,g.euthueltte, tIIdltiduutiyorcocIpentlie1y 1 all-IlltillCnelIl,rallilli by lit., act, to tcquiee to,lida of these and by the nounty buomsolttol, the Ctont .11511 be Ie.lgnas fifluept witb the foelosalobIllie)till1 '(ti oetisean as "Ptrsdimoag or rra,onot. noreen Upost Mttsheuon of thn urteb.Oi 515ml,rI 'inn, totiltuct ha shall I,. PtIfthIu.er'e OblIigsIIon unden the '8.0 22 The CIInuo,nnt tl,n ahnii nutmtlnd to th, farm f no, Of UInda sppnlsjrmnteo ptin,tl.l,t ht,oe ha er Illi 11101' 111111.1 Say mists or took, fun1 eqolpnsent soldLIItt,r i0OUntlltleO.fhIll,rllle suppil.,, seed, feed,frrllibrrand 6532mercedeemed S Frdrrsl lnetnimentslfty foe fuiltitating lnterStSLe com- lmprlintiig the postal sortie.. and providing for muitasy CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE sinoutittobepuldforthe"andPagePoge 4 line iiisert"nlhiertltaoftbepropnsttt."4 3. iine 3. after tile word "otitli" ntrlts out alue worth "tIle the wont "Mlnooilri" InsiSt the word "Inner - JuNE 29 Tri:stir.ib11937 .dllihililu Ihc mill Clmuha.Cm,uineli tlettlo 01 OlIn prulmeo.sl DhiilTe Milemiorl CONGRESSIONAL RECORD_HOUSE Riser bridge Sowed of psesen thIs House lu.0 oIliertrustee,1030.aaiht other briitgetold may thegoreeatosattl or ocqitleeOniohs-CounOU bridge,SeC atid purposes 3 purchase that llliitil to MissouriaddiUoa and tiierenftCr Hirer to the bridge operateposers booed gruntedany ty 5th1 .Ct including opproachnel over tile Missouri of Highway,ndFederal Nebraska. tutu. Act oaaliproprhited orelttier amended"OnePege of 5,tbetn, 6andatid after Bald .pportionedaupiiiemeiitoil. forhim brIdge etio'ttdlture may to theand underho States eonttroctedthe the ltnitt.tiohls of Peili'ii.I Iowa with the silt of oay 24. Insert fl new section as follow.: amino!ofp.uritnu'nls no covulicthumg wltiuh of the will Omali, bridgo 05it.eI;oa eltahiof Iowa hereelter slidsuch Ncbrasbs he. oucsssiidingbe sotbonteed hoods.cqnisition ItdPueollsI. The conate's,ectlon thee opera- allele oftoalleudy utulleNebrauka, been certalsu gIven The Federal factto the that fuuiuthbill the in uluc jrgjulauliouz tunic Si'iuulic In addlhlon 10 Ill' Isnuilabim' Ihi siIlIrOi'dl itt will II,' Iii'0 II liii 1 III 'IC' hiuu ll:uit Si.l:, lu1. reidfloor inlolurd withIn o,id atart 1 or intl.Cf oe.r 1130. of Furnllamthe .11 sue In ofStreet, the the manner bridge Otnailn toprooided Ni'br be conatniCtril by thia art by 1030. bridges owneden referred to and coiitruhlrdstl'uiitIoilof oorh net, of for asloll troueit ,imetided bridge, over wIthond bridges ensisilementeti,Prder.i en fond.. roti.tructed Slid rel.ting tile snd toan. operatedthe of cobs- toils byoprnnicd tile Secreury by said bonedof W.r shsllundee am the all tinueeauthority T ttb Ihhi6 flout be hivgdmme II. sublect to eegvelahion contained in the sea eseiteeebtg P005lhretdliywllifldinowtically In colnplu'trd charge of theIIn passagefund.., tluuit tedrftnciylthrough the fr'amuclluue Collk'Ii II5', npmumm us iii- ii lou 1111 bi : t obiintOrybridgesinrilrrrdnndsaid operated olt wIllof upon by raid said board board that will allbe tollso lIn.oredreernues, that alter the payingoblig.tiOlts the ciii he Diode free of toll. St the some tinie. be uniortired tnd the It beiug contemplated th.t au over ouch bridge Or It shalt be .11011tbe not uieoo be applIcableFog. toThe time0, line committee tolla 23. authurloed cb.ngs s,mcndmefltn "8cc to be 0" nhaogsd to "Secwere uodee 7' agreed to. of tillS net Shot!.atMIowa, LII separately Or julnIJim. or nbc sspseaaeiy or jolnuy, on the Oouavtlee of Ds,ugisa, ab. Stste of Nebres sad abe Slate of cifiee or Omaha saId OOtIncIl Nebe., UcalarBsesuleuoltended, matter The andIn, rociperalloul the Meumubers 01 tIle with Speaker reft'ecuiu'e I am nw't', greatly apprem'hulrd of hlle h1011au' Ia 1111', 1u2 1' uu - lluu.'illin. iiithere:i.nuriubie tile nccruiiig retirement .nd mi proper of aucit chsi itidcbteilnree gee of operatIon nod tnalnleiiaflre and - in the outstanding Iiidebii-daesn, be 5P tied the rfltc or rates of toil abuts Omisha-COiultClitent thst the bIll IS. BIulin 21581Mr MlSuoul'l McI..AIJOHLIN to amend River the BrIdge act relatingBoard of to True. the Mr. Speaher, I an UnonItnoun con- bridges,acquireki,d Pottmiwottee.ue seaIncludIng tabs approaehne.oter Iowa, Si rigbt. separately sadblue, Inciuding orand jolaaiy, loteresa any Interest in real may at any time Ia all of the anuS represcntcitizens of Concul Bluslf LuTEPIsIOl. Or flEMOOKS slid vclusthu'cot luagit IuIiCIui I beionOiii.h..oiu'infile crottitigaim tileor Nebr, entreerote any orond bridge Intorote. Ccuneii the nownow corpornta Ia orStuns, rUect tit'realter on Iowa.limits raisting nnnntructrd .haltof both bridge. nut wbtCh so long es the cities of las reduced betees nabstituted apprOved InJune lieu II,of 1930,the flouoe and forbill otherIH. It. purponen, niuuy 74051, and that out shahbridgeproperty, Booed baa limeof TCuatees, midoltertynec....ee, the Oanohma_csunnll therefae.ahenowrd..4.fldor.,.b Bluffs deliuer same by pzoper llteirhiensot of Ite legal repc..eatstltrw and assigns. Mtseouri 5Utn e The Mr.SPEAICER BEO'I'itR d Y Wf remarks In the keton, Mr Speaker Ia ihere objection? I ath Uii0tliuuiutui', Cilll',i ci l.a briilgi'e.hlliriticiysuch lie tie in outstanding coihlunction and wiih unpaId. the flnnnr To dig pay inilcbtednetsalit costhrldge of Sn, of iir Said bridgrs bard so for ,uroh.sed. the .000ttivt the bunrd of aoy may. bridge either or sops- if any oIlier bridge. therefandall alter the or the Houne vesactiotg bIll ill. cIouocB. 74051. of the isO Scfiate aittsidrd, bill bebe strichels substituted ofarddmsg ueidebtene t.bell subject of studto II.. board bonds, then dsbeniurcs Outstsndlng, 1tmerenn mpe eel b5h, h hi ii or otber Iasueumeai,eooneeyenoe;be 511 w 5a14 no lothudlug eccetied foe asp The MrThereSPEAKER MAVKRIc'K wan no objection M Is lhcrr objccliony Slur Er I n k U r I tueF,u,:issue ciintrol hIdbonds 'net nod as Said chnegep,Ocitted board rod Inshall coiieCt said operate act uucb of 1030 mcii riles of 55of thebitheroin foebridges trans.omeadnd: under oner not rrltect upon or impoir tIle rorninge of any otter gentleman from Nebraska?ThereThe SPEAK. was no objection.In there objcCtloIl to the requeut of tine lhitirrr.t "Secti f h I tc taeiu inalzoonrni nfco neyasmee shall be t tab5° tu peoe a tie see- Bent to eli Me,'fliere LAMBER'I'SON was no objeetlost Mr speaker I ask unuouun ullu', limo- I I arrotBoardbeFroiwluiclitliidbridge to eaercisedlb. dcii inofaoqalnitioa further,each 'I't'aatereuiitiibooed estentby may 'flintrout and sa hair thethe thepurchaseto powerissuedaiinersniyOmulio.Coaneil alnOatit grentedfor of to Seenaccount.nycthcr be Inpaid Blat!. hue01 bridge for such .ectlon the other.CqUlsitioa with bridge: (c- ntty outstanding bonds approvedMIssourI by thsbridge shall not Clerhaubstttatlngamendment will report: thcreIOr utcilingThe liseout SPEAKERClerk Houiucall after read bill the tile as enacting title amended, of the clause Senate which and bIll. The gentleman from Nebrauka oltera on the onanti denoald Beiulgtm1030,poom.e 55 andto cntendetl, a usepubuin real saId u.eestate the for Olnaba-Cuottoli altOcart orother OhItsn S That in sdditioa to the Bowers gianted byproperty saidIbaffs s.oqulrrd ILlseotuol for Inner puopasee by the Of Jointtherein Labor the Commulfee ntatrmentThereThe 0thSPEAKERof wan MrWages noDonald objection and I d my remarks I In there objerhioll' Ihe Re o HomarnRlehilicrg bplurc the II ci,nniriiriiunand Prou'ud,'dbinds1110110purchase heof i7of Jsrlhertin DrpuittnrltluoperuttliaSay competing each 'fist bridgethe of bridge easesthewhich .holi Stales shallofhone ciii anti of bercaltrrbeyaeiy Iowato en be andnifeetcharged be such for inlets procislon Is otherwise nude fur the payment Nrbreat.. be subject tooutstandIngaatbortsed, thereof. traneit The eforetuortltig ne.rthe octFaen.m clause entitled Street. of 'Anthe"ThatAmendmentThe .at500laedSenatn.et Clerkto the .uthoriee hiliaims read usd000thoffnred for asthe tbecompleting follows: bycoeistntttlna p,oeiuiona Mc MrLtcctti lbs of constructionof in Strike OmIt of the all btldge aflcr ths iilscrt the following: wntlua 3 certain at lInelirto,.tionimltpruloohe.coilatruetiosm huf5'7rrm':ui such, Ills nefi,r,and mete hlluluw,ys to mild be. the ale'ertamned ueludlumg pr000edlslgs thrn'to, allml therefor p.midOponestlute on oIlier prsprny operiitluo anti mumsmlin'iislire of such bridge atid on in.. BItte of boo, or any goseensneatai or reclulind foV°the lonotion, msblngsccordi,mg last corn- to Oh. Its sent ThereTheMr SPEAKER, was HILDEI3RANIYI' no obleehion Is ihere objectIon?Mr Speaker cetend nip own leol,irko in lIlt lieu F0fl55'TLNoNCy nlcL I ak luil.iiuluuuu:u, luau - 0th rccurlieiyIaregulatIOn01cr time briulgesCprroted not 01orby loltitiy.Morcli ihe Secreiat'y 23, Sacor by lOot the 4aid citir.of bnnld War 01 shallwider Om.lta at tbe all and authoritytimes 'fiat either the State of Nebrnsb. and the State of Cnaoctl Bluff., oont.Uted Potts- love. finedfurtherUnttthebetdge. eon.tructtOa that eotended and coastruettan to eetend of I other tbeha bridges beentImes beretoforecoeamenrad foeonl'r commencing the naetgsltle ted vetoes 0 '. appeoned Jun. 10. yeas from June 10, 1030 1030. .. eoieadest, Is hereby It Ia hereby reeve- complstingunder the of tile lIwuf'eulc'noi tilul Nebnuuvka, 'nrcOr elthtro d asia I brIdge say be cOimelnuclednonden,tmatloii with the or eoproilrsstionfumnds utmuprupristed of propeesy for pobluc amid arportloned toshall be thr Oaome time old of slutStats's of pun' statenolbe of theItself Uluuon 111111 forMr. the JONES further It, 75621 to eulcoulage atlul liii' Cosflllmittl'eMs of the Whuuiu 111w,, SIeh'akeu, I Illume lll,tt rhiIu'ulultluluon of Ilue bill lIe lfuin',t: lhhi III,'rr- scpdrilielyaaryIngtonewatt.ttiie. ii1,proachee. ilner or IO'uo. jiiiiittyall right ornrp000taiy and the iaciumttng couaiitin or loinUy. sayof Doug1.. intierelt may at inNcbr asiy real time. saId I.eqairc tierefor. then nailed Sad operated by said meld tItle. .nd interest in alt of the brIdges. tnctad property necen- It ehsllbelt the aatd jectopnctienlvbepronlsloas within constructed to Into 2.000of ofaphhroealabe sectIon feetsiteat .tmy of 3 ofthe the ofpoint. the said commencementcenter Wee providing.ct 55lIneDrp.ntmeoa eetrnded. of blu,sold hereby went Fsrnatrl andwid recognised.snd the Oteret,of aid id brIdge may appronai of bctdge .ub.Irre- Me. Seelun.ittoia0ieIttim thur of tollsciiuuvtlurtluuii eolitnoiul.d 01 fturthu tralislt oser bridgrn ect, aeamed le5nosp °nted miotueg brldgm with iddeeai fund., snd is,. lIlcin. fur eaPendub ore Ulidcr Lbe us coemstructel sad drbelophseeflt,Statensecure,farmill. hcusneu to prutemileprovide and and tOaddItional for blake olhu'r (lie purposes credit foe the ljenl'eol p000ensuon iii until lll,iil'., pe011iullo Ilie ubwiIifdciiltuoi ri,Iilli of for ugruc llll,uldllOeit,uut'iil lime tiuuii":l ciliaigut lie necccry to condemn or ropeopriste .505 property,tile Clm.ha-CouncIi bluff. Mtseowt Hirer bridge Board at by - etiherUmoita of the Highny Depsrteients of the States of Iowa or of Sot 7 'lIme riglut to niter, Raluctud, or rrpnal this :r halls aotbnrliued tam be The motion wau agreed to 'fl'u'lccvslidtileliiie'reattl'ttlpr:i,,,rl::uirunichltOfcotlneyanctaIi iiabciidtnbaird Iiot.scu'nt'rirgnl hut ihenilriicntnre',, rrpreerntutleessuch outotaiiding. inline euRO oryuiice he Otheraaid slioweli tnnludtngShall nutuigile. instruments he for no nisde scentedany shalldamages andloch deltnerof taken interestright, or same compcnos- thrrsoe. tndebtrdni'ta of .abjo'rttItle, to Ond evJd.it.IiprotedBasedandthin Octoperated of 'trustee, JUn. by the under50, Omnnii.,COtlavcil'law 1030, sold a.ct eotended, of 1030, Oluifs sa slId herein Mieentirt 55 olnelided, River 2all Any In accordancebrtdge eiunstruc.tehl wtib .nd or sultjeet to be eonatrttclnd to tue proelelolil or eletelldehi by loterulale Itrl,l'etuwimchh nh.ui Ihirdl'olineoaly lime. rmw.rulmi" slid passed,The sfieumulnuu'smt billand kits a motIon utujeird to Ill Sue u'u'adhi third wo,S sluiced to reculnaldertIme, was wou laId icud the set is hl'rl'by thetherof the chair,etinnumJei'atmon Whole Ihowse ofon ArrordunglyIhe lip' bIll Slate II u,f tile House chustulu'i.d Il_self II 7562, with Mu lii' 111111 limmu,uml lIuu Gun ill,'., or hIm' lilt. l)tiil LI Iii Illuliuuiflbum-i, likeVi'IO user ttittrtlnieflto periild sorb of 01property. 10 cunneyamietSoc dat. after a .hsiiwritten he notictenecutcd nf sUCb nut eet,'iimledS. 'that Sold In theoddltion Omah.-CoOnCii to the powers itiahfl gflnted MiasMirl by and dellncrrd sold not of iatratloa hOmer andcosimerce,be deemed 1030other saIdgoveenmeittal Improving a theFederal Onmsha.Cuuncli "Owthe iaatrumentallhY purpose, Postal 3 that bernIce, InBushy oddition Missouri aridfor fagliitatiagpronidlag to sIteRicer power. Brlulge grsnted by operote amlyfur milii.iyaId set of Bosbu of ott (Ito table.'lUcId my ri'markuMr.A In WEARIN, the Rncoon Mr. lit Speaker, thisOlIvI,lsr pIhInt IJluumine ant bill seas laid on the table, Unulgutmoun eoIormlt to llrnt nectloeu of the bill'Flue luauMr.'flue CHAIRMAN bu'r'n BOILEAU Clerk reumhi ersd Me the CIuairn,umu lIsle of Ihe 'I'he Ilro p.urailraaph of lIp bIll bill I Uu:uI,'r',l 'mull llh,ml mu', ill,' drc.,icitndItcrrii,Itliuii,'c'Neil graiitcdShun to r:uotu n public power ur tile unto State.ndttuthortty for pnrtof tow.,, or otiierto or acquire, coy poetiose. governmental condemn, by thsi,,r,oeee baste occupy,or ntid une i'esi estate aad other property acquired for Or of 'l'runtees. Ito legal reprntentatiers i.thtt nauiglis. nra political of saIdCnunrilnnrttomnteKiterothertruetect ,ct whichbridge ofBiUII.. 1030. itmituhiociuding or Ion'o,brIdge. It of being eiuuer all npprourhesllmnciudlnl cuatenupiatedIn orthe hoih nianner .ppetlacimrsl the souts rhtle. thatprovIded ulloti oIl of bridges Omen.,aceror by slitera sitS nay anqiiire sad purchase and thereafter tile Misuolumi obilgati.tneownedNear, .1111 Into timact nitd u.'l'lmtlrluuati fronm luWui?Mr.ThereThe WEARINSPEAKER, wOn Ito Objection In there objection to the request of the thInread titne? TheMr. CHAIRMAN An allleuumJuimem,t Is BOILEAU, I. It proiiu.t tut oiler a II Iti oiulu't UI tiuu', thumb ',lmilmluulhiu, ill .11Ill suihtililalonhodIcr1,101115n1i,'rlitor hitler hue Ciii. pr:tperiyprurccdulgn ira cod Irnilliiti lilislilietinnen thereto, theretor upon shallof loch ni.hitigbe brctgr51w jiueteosnpensattoti sonicit, snd tie Itsasuacertnhiled Inappr000he. there-nttd poid accoedlnf to the laws of sueh Stole. hereof, or any person or corporation whIch real e.tatn nay be required for 1110 tncatloa, con.tnictton. ecnilrn,catioa sad timeurredoperntedthereaiott.bieobligatorybridges ecCrhiliig by bill ciiisaid aiudbeupon he ishisrent board.uaortited msdeproper said wIll boardfec.on otinigea betlteand of so tli.touuctntidliigtolls the Onaneedif all operoltua atintel ii,ii ibe revelitiel oner seinetndeblcdflcoe th.t and suchthe atlas aCtor mslnteatuire,ulol It shOlipayIng 115he altithiuiillsbrldi'.t' mr twecnitime'nentatlncait rightwe, CouncIl of ofeunoltju'r the frani'hIno' Bluffs,utm000t (lie Iowa. for billImportance thenow and building beforeOmaha llu',ut Congreaaof NelIr the Mr. Spc'oki'r unli Mi.oubcrn of the Ilouse. a free bridgeIlouSe be.. of Repre_ It heas been cetendinig amesiduett'nt,If It Ic germane, whichThe 1 solid Mr.ClerkCICAIRMAN 10BOIL,EAU proceeded lIlt' ulu",k to rem,uorl ihe yde The Clcik will rl'toui I Chtauemau aiom'tullviu':1(I 05cr Il_c lie' .11uucmull uili II h,.ilui,mlti r51,iciulycrclprcprinllhln rearmed. of p.operty0,16Wlih 'tIc fur right thep.ubnc following to alter,piiriiuees amend.commlltee in luett or Stairrc'iucai smcndmenta: ttiia sea is iioreby 01forto the cr110105Oninhs,belowupon rchlreioelit or tie Mete. etitere.ny r.te ifbrIdge orsuch,nd mniorsie. Council mndehtrdiIcnau.n nowtlieuoraie or here.Iter inBlot!., elfect lImIts low., constructedon etatlng 0fthuhi both not bridges S. Trio rste ne rates of t,.it the present clii" which altulisbe rcduu, mcdi: llraska01 Nrbilimoa groat the unuko tmuayorn chairtmman plu'usure and ofColigirsomimali timeto ofeouiperate (haCIties puenent ulutelcated withMel brIdge Sa'lmstoe Eowuan uoomxu,sa, liv well as IhetIme Governor ci Me- board, Mr Henry It, Butnica, ItamenilatentI Oak be printedultutiilnuouu beIn tImedinpenuril eolunrhmt kcoaoMr. UOlt.EA With-_ilihill 'at tIlls U lImitis I lIhiI'ruUihirallIer lullu ill; I lie ru umlitlg I I Ill' I bet her ru',Iuuulll:Fm!: ('I Ill:- .tlId 1111 ti ii iii lii'. ''wumiiiofiri,,lli,nlili. muf tticccoirr I titleFluePitg" of naid 22, hue lint 21.3 nirlhe otter uUt the theword curia "nine?'. "at or strIke near'and nut the Insert words the Italic nI ...octilluig the welt end of saltS hr,higs It within 2,008 I he site of tile itridge to be conrtruCied lip acid linacraIny.urtmbriulgetatiy mnutehlednors bond.bridgeor shell in nonlunctti,5'a orbe prontdcd bridges outet.ndlngonduumpltld of saId ,0 inwIth puirhosed bcuirdsold tile not for flnannlng of tiletue 1030 accoUot ito Srd no55 hrretnally to pay ihie Cost of dully niayeltheiof any brIdgeeel'." 'In oilier bihi,,'r. smetidII itlrembt'r,tuelundaKtesef nuuecl'suful of obtain the and earlier Ilasalige oil coni'luslo,u, ilitc'rctted session. of till eetu'nnioluparties of Coiigrctus In bringIngof tile of which It woe my pieauure to Introduce Salle franehlne at tivlu matter to I wan a asuuendmentOh brfumre mueklutg'FlueMr. JONES, CIIAJRM,uqN Ilul' Mrthe Clvaltuuuan slneiolmument, asmd sob Ihe gu'tulll'ltiuum I reilly'htutint mlii i,,ui II. lit if umell,'r mu, 'out mu I.e0.110tiiu:ird Iiiiib ci ilie or Cities near of'orit.m Omaha. Street,pchr Nebr., 3 lIneOmabn. and IS. Councii alter Nebe., the Bluffs, 55word referred ittIowa.' "the", 01 lu3O" toinsert Is ond tho Insert word the"prs.eat. toilowlilgI '"which abuts upon or enter, late the corporate lImits of clatter Including tip- othertunerIteProtikied, controlwo, bridgeaide Itnanecd That sod55 operated willaId nborge Itinotbused whole byreflect and saIdtIleS or collect uponinbannil.opera lisra orsaoh he orby impair each ofa mIca loan ofthe whIch Ihe conarntiruuunand a grant fcmnm lila of toilthe for bridgeaulidtn Iriluihl euramnn's 01 .iIi UnderCouncil which Bluffs they and can Omaha Itproceed In very have towardtIne United Indeed the In that all groups in the two CitIes of Colvutructiostan of sgreemen( therewIthsent endthat objectlots? thethat further It be sirlImleil rc'sdlllg leuof her the alumu'umduiu': Iteeouuu Tile i:m'ulIlm'iitiitu asks 011 liullml::iu .ini. at Ilimo ui:uilul' las'uii'.l,.:.':'. II ai,,,llId ui l'iige 3, line 22. alter tbe il,:i-n::ywordlit "brIdge". a ta ioan atid Insert a grant "operatedii. from of whi, the by hUnitedaid the coa.truelioti wn. flasnued In whole or ID list nimentallty thereof:' of AmerIca, mc ynrihe'?.ln.ytamUoItetl suchh,tr Stata been Th.aesa.nt of theIssued America,so power to .dtemuely foe granted or .ecount any .ec.et .gennyin ofanie sny each oraerttoa nui,eisndislI iuIihihlsinatnSmentshity oldili other thin,.1, bridge: Prom hI:4 with netileCt 10 Ii" lIarSIia iiearerIll dye, toand a rcuallsatlonI believe that today the erection than It hasof ouch been for maerp a struCture point, of ordi'r ogainst theTheThcre altirliullbmemmt CH,AfRMAjtf wan no objection 'Flue tiCbltlt'mlluill ii 1111 'I'tS II', II 'i, , ii loget"iu'c 0,3, lInelIne 22,23, .11.0 to. ward "Slay." inunet isis aImed "bees.° S tent nut the words 'saId bossd. anittuittuuO erid psechaae aS oIly otber bridge sf015 eat its esrrtlalml lt'ferenge 10 Die pendingA.. Ins bIllalrm'ady is due bru'n to the eoplailiu'd. fact tile necenulty for hastetIat ublees WIGs It sulks nus 511 nO sectionStunehittit. 1'floe end Isiaceteueendeiiesit assondetecit Is lIes tluorem,l cdstrvtreferred 1111 by loin Mu IC'I,, ito full_iou, filth Ct, h',ece I u m.. 6538 CONCRESSIONA L RECORDHOUSE ' JUNE 29 1937 to he eorlior,iilanills eootraet provides for a deilnIte pay CONCRESSION nniiitInaoii,uiifs population and prevalence of tenancy.This Is faIr to all if nioiiry. withthe provisionhowever-' Mc, NELSON JECORDHOUSE (mat is rio year shall the farmer be oIil,ged to the States. I yield, 6539 pay mor AsI have said. condiiion,i dIffer, us do t,'rms Mr, BOILEAI) America needs home ownm'rs Iran 25 perccot of the cashvalue of tire crop produce: In Missouri lnittee'a pia The gentleman saId that underthe corn- this irs his objectIve, there If thus hilllot'; not home for sale upon his farm, So IliaC if lhere shoiijd be. for instance, I do not recall that Is. airy ialk betweenfarmers, one tenant farmer in each county Ism,o rinse.5 Why Ii on ac- of Whioai I am ogre, I have ever heard another referred taken Care of. Would be pprovcd :,hm,,mih,hin.' count of a drought or pestilence or for some other reason to as Does not the gesUenuuan Yesterday our beloved Spcaiun-r It, a "tenant." We speak of "renhers", never of "(rmiant" are going to take care of this problem, thlk that, U we one of nlmm, a very small crop, in iio one year wilt the purchaser be or we should try to cure mua( hOipre,sulve addresses evcrItrard in the ltn,i-,c quId '"sharecroppers." for at least 50 in each county, In moo, Ides, manner Imnesfrmim 'I'lsc obliged to pay more than 23 percent of the crop produced as my bill provIdes? by Edwunn Markh,-m t,t,mn Wn intineti-ne liii Salt ol'Ofl thai farm. From some of the disournions heard on (his bill,vne might Me, NELSON, I would be . This bill.I huohil' very glad it tt were possible to on,'n'iihi:,s mm gala the hmpreusion that the tcriammt, or, let ussay, tenter, take care Of more farmers, approved by bollu ilommues n,f Congress You inlay say, "Wsll, how do you know you are going to Is a man of less than ordinary ability, Incapable of Mr. BOU,EAU Presidrol the greatnst home atid tim;' .1 b:ita finally pay ott Ihis iodcblcdini'ss"The bill provides that, if succeed,, I know the gentleman feels that saver In flue histmniy of it mm-r- lag wIthout a great deal of guidance and direction the other hand, It ueerns to way; on Ica, wrhl In (loin uricanIluaf u-il. tli"se mumble lmymcnts of not to carved 25 peleent,at Thi3 me that we should go ahead the moan With a"lusi-"will (hr .'iuul of 40 years the purchaser has not paid all of may be true of some, but it in no sense applies to therank and solve this problem now, become the man W,hha "lumnru,r "I Apphuu. the and file of renters In Missouri. Some of the best Mr. NELSON, Mr. STAItNES inovey lie is Obliged Ia pay under his Contract, ati additional farmer, I look upon this as In Uie nature Mr. Chairman I wove toscm its' omillime rl viol of time wilt liv given, durIng whIch period he shall I have ever known have been renters,Its liii, claus are perisnent. of an cx- haul Word. many who a few years ago Were prosperous farm One of the most perplexing pay liie average amount that lie paid to this corporation owner,, Mr. BOILEAUI do not doubt that, national Pi'obhi'ummu ,shil,'i, ntn:nl- diirimigthe firm-ceding(0 yrars. but who because of economic condItions, especiallyduring Mr. NELSON, Insofar as Icrsgcs our inlercat and So thatit may extend ihe latter part of the Hoover admintstrtion. and posulbie the en-called egpert about a proper solutlgnour ha best the tlroughrt In anu ehhoch tim limit,.,- (hi:, period of 40 years for a fete years more. through and aorrrethnuea I feel that I farnr.lenarmt auivatiomu'i-,nm, no fault of their own, lost their farms.Afforded an oppor- ahorald ilk, to ge, this n2ucjs.-often In tIre past haa the This kill will give secuu ity to (lie farriiers who are putupon abused word atricken from the mlsl.aken Idea beers adianmyillImit tunity to again aequim'e tltese same f'armor others, they place of greatest prominenceWctlona_ix not given thefarm tenancy isa local orregional problem llne::e hindu for at least 45 or 50 yearS.During that period In this meaaurg, but moreIn its scope an is our r,iraI life. It is rio nniln,,n,,h ci tunic they c-in acquire Owncrship. will demonstrate their fitness to tar-rn ansI abilityto ,uc thohight has been gIven to We Cannot esst aiim--mn, During that period of reed under ordinary conditions.Mcii cf this type dcrerve experienc, and to the practIcal oniy of abundance In a h.susd WhereIn taste they cat-not be dispossessed if they comply withthe would add that the excessive appruxmniohnly Omun'-ln.,lf trots of their contract. the utmoat cofl,sidcration In any farm-tenancy bill.It I, Just to the comparativeb, fewuse of the Word "expert" ua (in- of our people derided to the field Dues,4 that tune they will have an not enough to put a man on a farm. who age really entItled to be of agt'temaIture am-u- tinsmit, opportunity to rehaiol,ljte themselves arid their families It Is more to keep designated, en The land us our greatest naturalresource him there. From. if: va-- 1 subnnui to you that with the growing tenancy probleni in (liner-ally opeaking, one experienced farmer rious elements we nontnce uhelter, who know, and hint's the laud Is Worth a dozen A, to title 1 of the bIll, dealing ticahuy every necessity and food, amid ririmn nL1',, this country With the increaac' of tenancy Scar after inemiperi, problem I agree that changes with the fanrm-tersasst every luxury of life unomne fionu year, enced men who mIght be taken out of the big ciugi would have been deolrable, land or the proper utiUzation I.e out hi as sue liavr seen I,. the last 25 Or 50 years, (here iu need and but as It Is, there Is mush to of tIme lurid.It follows, ihun-nn'- foe tattling this problem, not placed on farina. commend, For' Inatance yw-ia- fore, the gystem of lanriholnjing Lfl a IwotiUt way, not ifl a I do ruvt agree wIth line suggestion ttunit where bIg paymenis are provided for, Interest and hon,d use is of vim,ul deop.inthe.bui.ket say but iii the sante proportion as the mu lenununt of good crops, extra prrynientso that In "fat" years, years P1mm Operalors arm, ds'algnioted of the right type is vrlectd Itsvitl bi' necessary to provide lords and tenant,s as owmnm-es mit l,nnui. p. dunn exists in this cmnuuiley. "lean" yeses, years of poor may be made to take care of For census pumps_sea ownun'rslnipis ii;. '-iih The CIIOIIIMAN girater safeguards than arc contained inpauagrujih 4 of yIelds, which mhght follow.This so "full" or "part", a full owner The lOne of the grill-man frOmWi,- pr,,viaion If generally adopted In the being onme who onto,, illhi,' c.,n,in has expired, ri-ction 3 of the bill, "to assure that the farm will beguam- matter of farm loan,, lands hue operates while a lamed in repair stud waste and u'nhsui,stmnmn uuf the form would prevent many foreclosures. part owner owns a part andi'm.,, Me JONESMr. Chairman in the intercst of sating lime nrc- this one oherely makes provIsion U rsllku the originnut bill, a part. Other operator5 are classed 1 ani not going to tress the point of order. s'noted "11 thin right farmer is sclrcied by the cumunhy mm- for loana directly to farmer,. The 1935 farm census rrvm'ahs so nuan,ager5 mr tm-nn:,,n mm I iv.ii withdraw lb does not put the Oovernment thur nuut,,ber of fat,nm 'imn (Inc mutter of three farnucrs, as prinridi,d In tire bum, amid aftm'r don'per Into the land-buying Was U,8h3 350of this miumi.s-r 3,210224 'mint of oriler,ill uuvuglu 1 think it is very doubt ful. The buiuinnss There can be no "I'r.igwe(htowns" W,'ne full m,o minis, m-nhli'nnan fees, Ml:s,morj ih.s selectman boa been approved by hhe mItral aiithuuritins there or any auth port owners, 4g,104 managcrs I Mr. Ngi.sonl desires recognition. ad-ups, anud 20115155 Wine The Ci(AhltMo,yg is utile d'mubt limit hhnmt iue smith Succeed without honingto tenant,'Floe perccnisoe of teruant,s 'Div genliemuim from Texas withdraws fvtlow a book of inn Another thing that I like about was 421 Whmmvhsis a tic puoit of order ri-si-I-ned. mn ucliom,, on herding cspeet advice frnmun this 'ant, and It was at alight decrnaac from Umeuarceohage in 1030. Washington on rlscwhueee my suggestion that It was so drafted, first decline In tIme tsvoportior, Thin monk,tine Mr NlLSON Thug big lob I, to select the rtgt,t is that there are no of au fanmems olc'rali-d hy tennis Mr. Choirr,iiin, I rIse in opposition to theman With whomur to begun,I have every cnuruhjdu'nce that tlnus authorizatIons for vast and ismiti'oiiuoeot No Our Who knows oiy rollm-nigue from Wis- everincreaolng sums which, hike In 1880, 25.6 percent of farmopera limes went' ie,,,u,ils eon be done.ispen.kun I mr the IS coruithico of the Sn'i-nuud Thnnyoo'5 baIrlaii,ig brook, wouldgo on forever percermtagn grew (0 42.4 'Iii: consin Mr Bumti.rooi, Who has just oht,'rcd this anieiudmoent Ing alilmrmipnIoIl,unus, which Continu- percent in 1930 'mVhmile II is lime- mlii doulits his m.inceriiy or Iris real heurt interi-st In this Missouri Cvngrrsshi,n,ih (lu-tenet, which I have hue honor to begin at gimlet size anmgrow to hilghn st lunernhunge of f.mmmn tenancy is hum Ibm' Colt-in. till csuse saner appropriations are largely mmmlii Phir qiiestu,mii. as I si:e it. is not what we want but represent, I know that in cavh county Ihuere Is at leaot iiii, responsIble for Oovr'rnsneuut 11mm, Coin Ut-It, yet (liegrowlh an what we fanner-_of course, lhini'e are manywho mviii make wanle smid entrsvaganee has reached evm:ry fannu slmrm-,idiff,mt,nm1,-mimic can reasonably hope to get. a ro of ent plan Which linuitsIf the esperlrnent under thepres- oectinmn hr. Annemln-a The bill now being considered a farm ho be secured uumder the loan pravision of thIs bill. suthorhostlons to 3 years, Is mac- census mynah5 Ihe fact that farm 'lii,- 1r33 f,ui,mi and which yepeesn'uuis emsstuh, a Isture Congress will, of In tIme 18 Stales krtois'n tenancy ado illy it-m:r,'osm'nt nionlins of study on the p-irt of our eoniioiltee, ha not A word ahaniuit the county commit tv-c to pass upon tIle foirmu cow-se, make provision for an the South fronn 553 iwnem-nit a per- end the tenant. ruuulunmuing tlun program U the urn fe, t nii-asure. This committee io tnu be omaje up of firer- plan proven u failure, many 1930 to 03.5 percent In1935. It is, thiourls, much better than was the orig- miluons of dollars may be Outside ofIt,,'Sn,imfhu inal.Itis no "cure-mi." heal farmers, sluo will know the titan amid hhr laiudFor saved bccaose no further con- tenancy Increased its the other fum m Franklyitrepresent, but an Iimiulng aulhoiizathorms hove 32 Statctrout 205 tin ny-mit their services mi'nibcrs will receive $3 per day but for riot been written In,This ha good In 1930 to 30g percent In 11135 enp:'rmmcnt an vnp,'eii,o-nt Which an hope may prove sac. hnnure mhuiu 5 day,, o. any 1 mmuinnth huu,,nmueso arid conumon sense. There ace a ruunibcr of ecs:,fmut but iuiumut which wavy entertain ju.stifiuti,hc doubts Mr MItt_s reason,3 nitty turinI "ninny ti'msie Iii the b-gloam,0 It can, at brsl, benefit but tea. Mr Chairrsuami, wilt ihe t:cnntcunan yield? (tcttinnr back to the Importance creased during the rmast 50 Years. Hut it ix Mr NELSON.I yield. farmer, and in tire beglmmnh,ng if sclreihog the Habit 'Do-i, r,-'mseti, sm, sm-n: I worth a trial. there wuil be hess than arm aver- amid economIc and thn'Ic effectin not omnly social amid Mr. MILLS.110w will thicoc tune men on the coum,my age of one tor each of the but aLso political and splrutumil. s'i'omiiimoii Inn the first ptaee. tenancy Is not a disease Smut sinly eridenee 3,000 counties iiithUnited boards be opp,mintcd' States my thought Is that 'Flue foihowung are sonnme of (him. of the nllsoriln-r Wion'h Wi' arc now attackingmi the hope that, he should be gIven a deedto nooses ofI Inc cr00 ml. if after due (iumie, we shall discover a cure. Mr NElSON. My ninderstsmndingisthat they will be the land no Soon as heIs able to make proper payment farm tenancy, (I) The gn,-ganmou5 The trouble, to appointed by the Seem etary ref Aricuilture WImi it he lint demonmstreted and the better ouyhuh and iii,,,' net if lmmam,kmm,d dlsco;ntunnue tIc' Itgure of spcn-vh. ha that faeviing has not his ability to aucceed To my edunaiuon,,t adsanfo,-,.5 obti'nt'd protlmnible. been tHere tue gavel f,'ttI way of thinking, it is unfair to urban life; 131 the Ions of hnmcnnsrme by In agriculture as In any othrr business__and Mr NELSON lam live for ninny year, the purchaser to require hintthe fanner; 141 anpu'rtnmmsitii, Iou-emil t.uoong is a tnnisinrsa.__prosperity is propeily measured by Mr Chruiemisn, I ask uu050imous cmmflacmii ho on the land before he car, actually tIre growth of hndmom ry; proceed for 5 additional minules, own it and really call It his vantage of varied emimloyn,en mmml 5 tIm,'iii- flit' punehai.slng nicer of the profit,If there Is no prufit, house, To postpone deliveryof In cities Mr. WIThiflovy.Re.srrvtmu hherlehuttoobject, Mr. Ihe deed for 20 on 30 Man by nature and inahiniet ttieie von be no pnrrsan,-nt purchasing power. Makethe ant had exchanged landlordsyears would mean merely that the ten- tsgr,-girrlo,m, fo i no-c secure Chualrman, I thInk, In foirness ho line amendment, that the likes Solitude He Wants sOd sn-u-ho Clvi torn the riot of production u rid a little the one who 1usd aubstituting Uucle Sam for peers. ausmmcijlm,mnii'illiii:, moore fir what lie hia,s to sell. year after yeor. unul the farm. gentleman should direct his innurauks Iii opposition to1. 1 prevIously owned the acres. This nataam-uh Instinct tunis led thu-uk the amendment is very tntiportusnt, to a main-vim',, I f im,mmm tn'ni,mimvy in, skit-ni will lang-ely be a thing of tire past Thus far, guying Jtvt here, I dhgress Iii the Use farm to the ehly, the first 5 rssitsrrtes, the geistti'maru's only ohituOsttiofl tin liii, to title 3 of the bill, brief time remaintng to reher An landiiaeriera have nimoventfi:-ini As amit-oilier 01 timoubeovimifive which Have long study dealIng with rehabiUtathon loans, (heir turns, thry have heft llmm'nnfarms to tins its foe to this bill. 1 fully appreciate the diSeulfucs uniendment is on the gvouunmd that It ho muot what we want WhIrl, Proi'Isuon ha, In and vatlon,Thus we have a beginning mmli,. rncuiuntei'rd in but what we can get. name respect,, most Impor-r Loans and an es,mn,ple if aim. marvin,,' a nmicnisuri- that will apply with equal fairness I think, in all famnumess to thIs amend- Wader thIs section are to bear gentee landlords,In modem days we also himioi'on,OUn,., and fluent, the gentleman should dined hi, remark, to It. percent and may n-u,, for 5 Interest not In excess of 3 form of abs,'nhev hanmiowmung iti'z.irab.lity to all actions of the country. I tI,umlht years, ru the hang-n. f,nn,mis ins mn-il However, as thi, It is of smifitcter,t importance to warrant that objectionu, credit for farm owners and The object Is to provIde operatoul by com porathomts nra nirznsiire cart ylng an almprinprlution represi nilog only othcr, so that they may Then. toni, nt-nI liv I, nnifmnng a frac- The CHAIRMAN, Is there objection to (lie requeat of to carry on and not lone be able elm have acquired cxteumshoe lammulhioldlngs o ''mm - InmOst p-mrs of it,,. $iiOO 000.000 saggeyhed bymy colleague their homes. I am especIally by nn'asnaisb C inoi W,.sv,,nyi,, the gentlemamu from Mhsouui? wills Ibm, du'bt.adhootment pleased gag,' fOrenlouures and prmsoi-ssion of line mmmiii. I Mr. Rmumgguu I. cart justly be looked upon There was mo objection. In section 23, where featiai'e of this enctionas carried mni,rlF;n,i-iI I miii no ly lie an i'oio'iuuoe,it lie Cn,omio it tie felt proper that all machinery is act up for voluntary Educational opportunItIes In our unhu;mn Mr. NELSON. My lhounght Is.In It pomusible to go as fur Ju-Iment of lmsdebu.ednom ad- Cysuim'is wi-i- in. st-n twos vi sum esoilt ry vhrculd b, iuciudcd in the trial between farm debtors and Icr (harm those guloruled by rarnilschoi,la So as my colleague, for whomn I have very great re,.ps-et, wishum's rrrditors'TItle 3 dealo entirely wIth their terms, modern and wm'U_n.qumn1med Iii,, ''cs, ni'i'lien 4 equItable siustribulion of hoaris Is proeided.the us to go? the retIrement cut aub- btuihdun,gs a b, ll,'nmain,', requli cviem,t br-nina that tIne om000ts available be If not, then we must make a choice between his margInal lands.To carry out provIsIons and pmamd teaching eorps_._af had tInt-in distributed plan and the plan Which conies to mis from the commIttee. tionu 34, an Cu ahows In eec- almpe-nul for I In' aimniiimg the Slales Wud Torriiortes on the basis ui appropriation cut not to exceed Ing of chIldhood 'Fluethr'atm-r, Iar Mr. BOILEAI), Mr. Chahrnmgn, will Us. gentleinsara yield? authorized for the first fiscal $10,000,000 Is the nuos IC,tticit year and not to exceed $30,000,- gisilda, pOrk,, and reereshlonatfattimt,- 000 for eath nsf thitwo merit and an outict for 00cigh aehhvllh,-s imlfm-mn',ntiit iii'inri_ agaJ pears thereafter whln-im hint mini amIno - 10mg promise of hmapiaines. to(ho adult and youth alike JUNE 29 1931 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE C5:I6 CONGRESSIONAL RECORI)-1IOIJSE wottlnt tonne utll,ln tile enl,lliY or 1lllrl',hAll tnrmtters of rott 'Sir It my bIll dln'u not roflljlti peSo e.IIII1S reqillrlli:;I l,e I',, ' id nt for sole to nny lndlvtdllsf or ro.. roninlltiec l.ilalI l,r ell'l:I"II bc a pin..0 of I yetle, 11110It ntlotI be tile rile ('iIrJIOIlIrIoll stIllS 1100 neqllirm lIe dilpose Of nemil Or 10 do ho, 01Sf! trio per..i'nt property OslI annl,ol nlertitlg. pl(1501111l properly or ahab. any Icaile Or Ill oily hItler 0001111cr p.r I, IllUlilly111111 (rein 0.0 ('erplIrlItloti purolliUlt to the duty of RUI II lOtIltilltLl'e tell,,. year ill yOur to fIll illIOi brIlIlill 0 of 51,1.001 L'l-rryi'o,,trset for the otie of ailorcrroppetsoealdIilg witlill of Its fullclions rnlli,ln ally State or TerrItory that hun '175,' 0500,l100l100 wIll be lt,rll.'d oel'ci 0 1)8'. Ch,d I'll ''Il.: suob Of 00051118 lorulall, 100,,, toil101ta. 0110of eleoiitlgntonlllota Of the aot by proton lrg'i.lailOIl prooidrd - thr first flsl'ol yror 1.1111 ollthorh',,o IllIli 11,1,1111 19,1,1,1 .l,.i.orty 111.111 p101 Ide for the p,iyiol It ,l,ercfor wltI,lo the roullty or ilatlIll tor tIle purp1 II , ,, tl1011ll'll S 10.1001 tOd 111011111 Illntollmeote sotIle 50th other b,,sil,efi 'Is) Thnt oIl contract0 hctw,'elandlords and (Oem ten001e on Ill10 'It ooitsmltlee nnII (Or tIle trannu,'tloll of abllrnorolipene shall be In weitin3 yearn In such amollnf as bite Colhllrevo vii Iii11:11111',ii lrr,o'rlhe Oily 111111010 bol000e of the odreed properly ron,e het,Ire tIle lIleoLIlIg, earl'pt tilat atnil nlcotings tub' ('.e;,.r.11llinlOily not In teresa ft year aoihOl'oe for ihot purll000,Tile 0 n,, lee price 011011 tIed 1111e101101 niieO rUle, acqorot to tt,e yrot n,eeiIognlulirom .11011ooIleint of '30 percent of "(hi That farm tenants and elierecr,Ipper. .0.11 blase tOe flilbI bIllI'll'', 5., 0(08 brnitrrod upoli. slId rheji be 11,11010 fleeting. to rcm.Ioe tIe be cllifpennO throry that the Federal (iIlVci llrve'nlII 11,11141II l,l'llil'llt,cr0111111111. then. who are elIgible 10 poctt,1Pnte hn t. for sil tnlproore,enl. In the I/sara 1111(1 byntlIlIltel I,,oril.Ulye, 1,11 on crops. sod Sn eotlgtinleflt (el Any llerslltlOchliIs leaninlI any reel property or properly upon the termInatIon of the tense tiOn should porchave olIilaille fur,Im InrIds, UI Id dIll r I,o,iu,: ff1,111 tile elIte of agrl.'iiltiirni products. or by any 051 under co,,trocl tI purcltuoe property triotIle CorporatIon 1100cr '(c) Thot fnnln tenants an d .hnrrcropper. shalt hare the nlghl lolIg a. he em loins In to qull the leased premlan. upoa reasonable aotid. to Ihe landlord porrhaoi-d (hoot farm 10:1115, fill Cite land bark in 1,11.1 or 11,01011 tileI lIrrOlIlill' tim peoolslolln of tItle I of lIlt. act shslt so al br the 0.0101 yrur eflalllg JulIe 30038. the bat- 11,51 status he for ttie pooP000 01 deterinitlltigtoll quSlihlcstlons (dl Ouch further guonalolle. so Ihe Corporallori may determine pore and farm lefbanlo on relisOiloillnlet vhs lIver lt1hih: '0' 23fi,tlil.,.Ilsll(Ible to the Secrotury of Agrll'UltUre for re- c000ldered a Lucia ttiSlit or 500 aeci'eoocy to insure Ihe security sad deli night. of farm tenants 183'?. are author' 55 0 mealber of the coullty ooianllltco. amortization perIod. wIth inieresl at the I 0101,1 I 'bohr', tell 1,0,001 chilI Ire unlnh(ieItded on JuneSo sbsrevroflper .hnrrcnoppeea. arId form fnboenn.. I emphanlee the fOct that floe 0500 000 000 ,llllhllrl,','d 101a 1,0 spprllIlrlllted 0,10 are hereby trsnsfereed tothe Cot' from atte,,dlIlg nod psrtici- 'Sse 39 The Coepoeatbcn. IS. oounfy commIttees, snd nil other I/rd 1. ill NI, personoounty .11,111 or parioll he dinquvillird fleetIng. or Cr1110 tnernhernitiP to thn first fiscal year In In no sense of tise Word 0 11111iii to osrey out the prooletons of this sot thIs act, or paliog ill persons aoImInI.trelng this so leball at sIl lime. maIntaIn n balance 'iii,I,, n011tillOfl tool her 111105 t,,.de non lottie by commIttee by reoemla of race, rriIghoO.n.11innllly. political alhlla- belresea ethnIc groups, wIlbIn each 000017 on pariah, naoeielng ben- croppere or to farm tenants, but is merely 0 111011 0111. Il,lle- 1.11111 else, tile prorotent Is suttloriltdto allot to the Corpora- lflts hereunder is that heneglu to Iha Inemboes of say loch grouptnt rates at I I/. percent,Ti'e mott-y to(lulled film forrelief or won lion,1(81 or uniotlAny esosnrle. membership occurring prIor Ic 50 d.y. beforethe arst III!' ill tI.1,1lIltItnpprt,ltriatl1ltlfthere. tIer find. .81011 appeosimate In eslue a. fleetly so stay SI. proportion of lbs pose of rehabilitating thla ouut Ilulsibel' of 10 01111' rl'llei ion .00 0,rai (eRr. .0011 borne Sn hrOrtermltle' to be nec- nnnu.l (fleeting shall be Oiled by .pp.11nttnrnl ofqualified persons total benngh. esfended is Sorb colioly On paclels itlt.natia.d b the III ill', 21 sOd 22 and to Country who arc now workIng on fames, livhllg In in, ill bill .styI., carry out the I,ro' Isions of 0000iOtlo no' by the rernalnIlIg members of tl1eooninliltes, nelalion helpers. tha members at .nch group Is sueS county or tile('nrf.i.r.itlotlto curry hut such tither form, of lit) No p.rnotl wt,o in olherwtee eligible.hali be deprfred 01 parISh eligible to heaett. hereunder slid all peteoao tbereln .0 Who are not farm owners, and hiiolf elu OwIlel lou1,1:1,1',III enollie ellgltlie0110cr thietill. to r.CefO8 by cease,, of his cling I member of tap eligible the lend fimey till, 111101111110100 IIIli101OidlISlI deslgitStOd In the £0000' lb. bellr8ls Of this sd The bill provide' fur hile'110111,11111 1,1011100 rnOy Sr tIlt (torI/ed fly I.e sad "oenee,us on PsOts.r'c board whIch shall be the eeerohlnr bliord III (lila I'ili tile Cr0.10 olrecIltlg tile oil.,trne,tt, ImmediSlelyriflerthe yrntfleetIng, the orgSnlorr .p- 'liv 40 Nolillng In till. .ct .81.11 hr conatrued to preeelil Ihe 1111 0111.11 OSOnOL PiolluIltels 'ii) 01 the oonlenjtter ohntl consisting of five mcmbel't, and two at Icusi of tIle II I'll Ohl'lil- 'Tires III pointed by the PrcslOeIll and tile ,r,eioborn the Corpoenilon. SpphioaliOn, in resprol Of properly Soqutred or held by th, Cocpors- bern shall at the tlnmi' of thrlr atIpoinilIlenl b, ''81,01, ri SI Tile Corp,lrolleII .1,511 lIner ouCceatlonin 113 rorp..rste cecllly ihe nSIiIr. Ct sold ooutlty roitimlltte to by the Cor- 11011 under thh sd, of secllulri. 30, 48, 4'?, 48, 40, 0i. 02. and be st..lrvcrl,I,lhh't it collgreel. o,tdohsil hate p' net - Sod thereSf Ire the sslll commlllee .0.11 he reocgnleed (neisllng to centahli Offense. II, nc.pect of properly Or Ihe United or farm tenants, not Ilie majonlly 'bIll only lull III filer 11,1111,lIo,o,IleO hy lIlt tn cllrpl.r.to nsne In soy court this act aa the duly 1111111 '101 To in,' 0,10 tIC sued ill poe,.tlotI fur sll loleiltu slId purpose. lInden At Sit Sllnuoi 8t.tesi of the Crtmllisl Coolt', So SmelIded (U 8 C, 1934 .5. title Many ml'n hood wonien have dl'l'r'lOit-,l ill ti Ii'1l1,1,111. 1011:1111 Steeled oounly c.,i,1etlltceOf stir 000aly or pariah iS, eons 811, 89. lOU. 101, 103, fOb. 100, Slid 110). In of Ito sri uie.,,,i'etl'tlt Jurl.dletloil. peo,'ral or ittlite01 oeoeic.ry for tbs larolIfIle slIer Ille Otslclluilty or porioll slotting,.ucl,ceniilfcn- orgonbcatlofto Coal abilily .103 lilly t'illIito of 110111I,,I,' UI'' '151 To Ic,.,...1,11.real nuh,te as nIlly entilicd 'An act 10 drOne 11.51150. On 00.1 1.00 Of Ibm UnIted lion ohutl Sir 111.1dm by the ollOtItf coI,litlltll'e, 51,111's 511thIIIpr.uoliie 0 Ilmnalty lhI'refor". sllpiOeed fitly I. laid on this bilard,All linnle', nillot be cerililt d liv ill, in,' 118111 Ill buolill'teealo'l,lllIilIil ti,r Io'r.1 striKes and Each it,etnber of lheoouatyel,,i1mIttee5be aili,wed (U 0 C, i004 Cd, 11110 1$. soc 10301, to the Senate, and there niitst be a reeIliloIIl'lll 10111111 11.1100,,l'ccl,.tty oompenootlon at tile rote of 53 por dci while ctlgolledto the or. 111,11 ,,t,lIl,t000elI,IIlel,t ,,,Idl'i,eO'ttcre. aompe.onsllon sh.Il be thl'oe nlen have br,'nIllh,punt vet y Sl'lllibItl lId Icill purelllue 13111 ,:scIIsoIie oinupIlitea form once of duties utldel ItlIs 501. but 110 i,-rl'iI,.rtl,Io befllCoo.00,05 10o,ks.,frelecolloe, dlrectllt len. period- allowed wits, realvo I to more 11,05 (0 days in Smonth.In sddt. 'her 41 Ni ofeorm, Situlrney. or calpii.yoe of Ihe United 010len needs of form icnanio and otlarerroplitll I,II1111', vl,illll.v 1,0,1 rIlItlIltIll' 01 laO Ire Corporslloel m.y shIll, d.neriiy lIe Ilidileo'ily, be Iho bel,olicl.ry of or recelle slly fee. III oOpIlp.r'l 0,10 I,rel l'IiilPlilt°.rrl,00I slId a005ltto ooees- lion I herr sil.II hr ollolted shell antounte a. Then In each roonly there Is all rl,'et (IllE,tcl il'ihlll,lv 11,11 i,1olu,II,,1.,tl,e05PftI1rtht00hIhl0' of tneetItiga slid ran" pt'eulnille no nr0000cey trool1liIignfd.11t0,Iul,'cee5PtnUm On olhce coosldcraltoit for Or 1,1 000nealiori wilh pc''.''. St the cost Of once in each month 11110 ally Ieeoeoctllln Or huslvv.o of lIre tynlscd 0l;,le. uadrr Ihia act to the entire Ultited Slates hilts all elect 11,11al 041.111 1111 1,110itt;,illtetIflIlce. 'mi The committee sh.li mccl lit least WorkIng fnrme, a, o'hethee he b: tore,,,,.'p,lrcil.lsr, Iltierni loll. The Corporalioil ahllli 010cr 11.011 $0011 sSIary. Ice, on OIlIer cou,pnaioulion so lIe muy me- lhL' 101 lie ,IIl hIt, ill .1 g,.,nrU,tleltt0110 clef lIre itn,otor'propnllrd psssen6'er'currY- three member. shalt oonelllutt n quorum (chic from tile UnlIed OLsir. and bitIdlilE. and for sort, i,ther proscribe rules governing sll )lrorrdltre Ofthe cotninlll.et. furolib Any pnr.000 lotatlag the provlslotlealsnrecropper, or a tdlllint. 811011 hone one evil', That 0111111 hI' OK (1110 1,011cr lellIelee, 1101111 Ifl blot nocioeory torn. snd rqullrifl'at loreecliry ion tile ierformflSnce.10 thcir dn,tcn of tills sectIon abuil, uponeotivIclIoul lhcetof, be llunlshea by S coneentlon 011011 elI Ct a county collIlnIfice of Soc ineillli.'i l;lr,I,lIre 11,10 s,'rt lees Se lIe hIlly fr,,nt time to flue urotldr for the coolpenuStloa of such clerical liar III 1101 milme tIlso $1,000 on impnlaononrul for aot more 15.0 -' forlIe prIiIl('t oo,ninieirstl,,ll 01 thIS oCt. judlelully sod sI,tllllrloe slId eon,mllierCoal- I )can, or boti, presIdent. a secrnlary.trc'osu dIr. 0 vied1r1"ildl'lil. 01111 111,1 To 001,1.1 OIlS 000u corpllrole itsI 0111111 shAlt be no II dronIs 0157 In.. reI1uIrell by the Oddittonol nie,imbt.ro ,,IItlec e.lobllnho'd 0110cr lill. lIdnholI. If .ddltion to till: dutle, '1'iIrdl- III1110011 Lv,' nual .11111,1 livI..' (oroe,.lces.0,1 purrhcseeofsllpliliee cpol'Icl'ellylOil,Oeed linden till. net. 1o'rfl,rei 00011 omen $0110. Sac 42, 'rile prlioilIoIIs of this .01 ehsll enlcrld 10 Ibm Ttrrltoricsforni trnat,ts or nhareei'opimnu ulld they III' el,'rh',l h ill' 130101o,,r,lrteLslltlllhlIlltl0 01 sectIon 3100 of tIle Re.toed ulider tills a''? an lile Corp'lrotioo aity requite ofthem, oCAllltbo Olid ttl,151i, nill,.,IILfI'tIlltdIlltIll' workllig farmers of that IllsriheolarI'lhllilly'Otlo',,. 11111 I ShOlilrl'tl U S CloOt cotItle 4 I. sec Si wool, tile sggregsts have no authority to loon iiie IfOItI')', bIllho'lllmrIl II' Dl' smuu,tt l000lI'ell Is tetoI lI.1 $300 301' 33 'rllesaicl.fsny prvpefly acquired by theCorporolloil 'See 43if any PfOl 101011 of this set. or tIle oppileuf 1011 thereof Mnlle i,.11lOolIlSIlfIIlf to audll end srttletocnt bythc teen- lhrrnlii. shIll t.0 lily ilrt 'Ion or clecl,aietaltoe, ii 1104 ifll'niId, lb. relaollldor of lb. Ilorlstlon eon buy any 10101 In a rllnililllllily fir II', IllIlill "Ill pllrallutlt tIl tile Itrotali000 of tilts Sot. on USf tiltertOl it moot first hare the 1011l,rncul of 11111 .lOtIaiOil'h srI Itoh tile otlplic'allorl ol nuril prollsiol,. 10 olher pormn. Ut ole' 011111,1 5 01,1111111 lii, ersl 0,000 Itihtlg tinIer oterr,att iherria 5,111,001 il'gtlrlI tO etC hoe .0111001 10 tIle following ehoil be by c,ialolailcos 511011 oat be Secclrd lbcicby' That wIll Prevelit 1145 eoeplirothl.n I ronl blly 'ig, Aoqulto 1(11111 OtlIl (reletltlg Lorebtcic' "101 The o,lllleyuitcr ho tie c,aoe of teat property Ii'Ill oIl'.111111 11111 IllS tit Inc ill toed 810111K. asoo,rnded Ut,lttd Stoles) qItIlcImlIel deed Mn, BOILEAU, Mn, Clsalrmaii. I nob onoliImOicoic,eni. are nolur-leos. bdyiiig fnt'ins IlIum 0 boll i h,'oe :,lI,lreci 111,118. tIoll, till tIle 011lllltillOtl i,( land by the Ilfldrr,slId 'Ibi EcerpI 11101 Ileratee prntiiicd .ta hue 0 CetItle noylille or (dreices cannot rrfl:lb,lrlllte tllelltonlc's 1101111.11110 ohItiluLItillsorlslog tIl1108 tIle Online IturcIh000 In pcm:cc'd (or aa alldit)ou,al 5 mlauteu, In 011,111 1,11ill I hi t0tl,t,rolllI.e Otto e$recnlfllto r,Ilrrcd altI tIepI.rciilller shall be lI'l1lIireIi that the county committee sIll II Ct .1110 11110111 8 Itlelernllr,lfeolttrolte pnil'e 011111 tltOr tIde I. trnilltelnu'd In him. The CHAIRMAN. The acatlemali from Wisconsin nub. billIe(11111 lieu y10 1,11,10' lIllOIllInt in, 11110 let, St nirrlin,St0lllelltlOieQ0t nil felll lr11Iorty. lilt Corporation 010011 reeerte ninitd to the eorlillnlsilonlie noni,'u of ih,isei,'.,, Id OIl,, 'Ic 'lii 1S.rt,,e to ii,..l illIle,'tlflhi, 1,1 s,110oltrt. Sillte Or pelierl,l In the roseIf Il.11t.iellenet' In 511 toll, iloaninious consent to pronrcd for 10 miliuten,Lu there uI,d.;r soy oothllsct Of .,grt'eittCllt on ill bei,ulf tint ill, lhSii SI, ull,hiollleli ubjl Ctll:fl $uiiablc, those people o'ho would o,oke 00011 hod 11,1'., 111,1, l,ll.rIOl0hflIflIll'ritllStll'tIi oIl. gun codthor olltlonols In or 1111 den ouch properly. Would plobmubly be aillc' 111111 flll,.UOiIt to tillo 1,01. lucre Who all 0141 l'lI.,n to curly OlIlu l.,adhId 1111.1111 101'. md 100:111,50.00011 ClInIC Osrin OWfIero,Iftht'cl,hlil lyl'oll,vll I li'i'8,1111111'. JI TIl rsiIlblIlIl led ,,,0100i,11.,ich l,roltcll l'tie ('llrllOrlItlllll ii chIhllllrlcl'd to eonlitlrt shrine.In- Mr BOILEAIJ,Mr. Chalimnan. I bore olleyt'tf on a sob- 0 I,.' cocci ''See 34 .ini facltll' :511)10 10 a corperuflon taut (ia's nit ilil'illllie. I 1111 ill To end, lie all vlleh l,,elilPtILll 101cm ns 11100 I.e OestlgIllIiIIts. naIl ron,....oil relSLIImg to tilO e,,ndllillna vliioie tile proviamoito of a bill Which I limtroajureol conic time ill.' Still 0.1118. slid ttte iaetiinde of 000,'lI.plllhiaii most oy,olioeiy,1110 ego oa this come subject. PoIatloIt niliot of nereosity 11101,ltiolll'y 10 111111,0 liI'lli,'l', I,rullIlrOptISle 10 tIle ,-ocrylIll, 1111101 lIe powers nlid dIttll'u avalsy niteclIIiO illnoeailllolr infoea,alil..i The bill In hetoWn no 50. K 8838. 'Ill Toverrcl:eonllPrrtlliIIiuuntboth8. pollI'rs purpolee III this lot. a,,d sIlly itubilell old It dcii wlfh the collie bubject matter dealt with in the but ilsey rannot bee it to Only I,ii nIce, ull' 1.110111. II '11,11, he ,,,,,lecIrdorlolp.Iued0P0l,Ity0rliutnuoflltoodyttot pertinent 0 lbe lanloul naperta ofIi 001IoIIiea. bmll cropper who hiis not been 11101 irtlprovi'd by 11110 1,11(11 11111,' fob before LIme CoenimittecSumetime ni,o It Will be recalled mitten that Is demcvrotmcably ,-lllnlemj. CollI: revs demo's IleOeuOocy 10 'lIlIltw,,uill 1111,1101' "11111 Mnkr alIt flues 0.10 rcg,llutloau oslo 'rile CorporallOa In o1it.boric,'d in f,inrhlvh, withoutelIot, Ill;' Prrbldentu special commIttee on farm tennacy nubmltLcdnot cositrol by lb CScry OlIt thIs art "See 25 IhIa ,,lL 'epolt to this house, CoulIty ('011IlnIll 101 ii) tllIIitic(ilIlIll,,,.i si 11.0 I'rc'.11tl'vL, by pr00IoelfltlOtt.liOil yn.ttole, not 10 iterallle01111 crc I,i,tchteiL to the CorporotlIlo under I believe the bill I hove introduced tenante but It would Insuir o)'ilip,lllIel I' .IIllllillisfroiIot Ill.' 30 ciit,..2etncat sad prlsottlee I II lIre 1110,1 30 ,lsye 1.11cr tile pIluege Ill thIsact slid shhil clealgIlule techtIil,dIlaLoaoOrei1tIiiO to lard 80110 clearly follow3 cut the recoinmonmiti,ln, of the Preu- the act, 100co shill, call, cotlllLy or fiorlsh of Ihc Utllll'd OtitOnfoe It will .100 proolmlr ufisIlrIIl,e,' 00011151 0:111. b.'i':lh,.,l tile and ehorcorttpPetn Of lileiit'n opecInI coirilalttee than doen lily bill thntwaa intro- the people in the various Iorutlit!rs who arc Oillllly tootlIng of tile workiog iccaloni. tarn teilu,Il.s. 'One 30 't'tlr corporation n.y provllir for thepayment of sny duced In this eeoolon of Congress. The bIll difiera In 111119, 1,1111 audI l0I,l,iy or pncllli. A ,nnptnliy of uitl,c o-orblog furThers, form obligallOil or ilItIchIelilIe's to II tInder tItle II Intorn peiOltirt. lIr some In the alicreon of the bill Will hate a 'c-al Ill ,,lIll rlrll,ill,l - ie011tILe, slid ellster'rflhiPmrOo thin lb. county orparIsh ahslt cOnan- of ob.ololr Ievt,ect but the eubstance Is the come no the r0005rtmt'nda-bility to guide the drlltinirs 01 if no quorum is present 01 say from Ille ertelpt. iron lb. sole Ihereof. on..liareundee which S Uf- itoon dl lbs Pre.sldcat'o commIttee lb 1111118 uiII itlid in .is'..'i tb tote atl000l,mII slloh m.'nttilg oct10 corned 20 bsuls. sod mnoy pnilolde for v.rlulllS pit ya.clll. "fl in making thot Otate- COrporoi,on, tneetltlC the COIn,' Illoy hr l,ItlolIrtIeli los Icier 11.1.0 thereafter plo. ohoor Iii. nct1lilre'i puyno'ft will Ireoolieotsd in prrllOii 'II I wag It to make it eir.r that Ito member of the Prcsl- lIe OI,le otlgio01Iy art, slot toe flOe pecftlds iroymeslle lieillo NOW, the first olep In a 11000''Slitr,lrio,.n:Ill,III11111 uoys icon, sholl slipolni Sbooc.norlllSi prtntmlcticn 1,10 e.npioyrti to rr000e en'- IhiltS pedal eonimlttce hod assytloing to do with Shedraft- 11110 land to tile Ien.lIst or ulillil'l'ruptl,'c ti, 1,0111 fIll Ii tiltIr h's tllIOillIil to perott The preollienlenettilig Ihual duty It Ihe rrqittrc'd pnyoleaIIII io'rllnis of nubnoemai proilltollon ing of thIn bIll. 0101110,1 101 III V,hill'cl'r kIn cal it 'uI h ('0111118'i i.onta of lb. t.rgIaIntIoe Appropelal ba SrI, 0.051yl'Onin II I waw augloted by many men and women III to encncd 5 years. With lime provisIon 111111 Il nIt Ii lvlil)lo.liry nllsirtllsil tilercof. tins,'021 10311) (prohibillng reat,Ii. 1,1 thio country who arc vitally interested Oil itllIl,l:iI I ali,,ll lIt pee- lU S C, 1034 dIllon, IttIe 40, leo In faf In lenaney andan additional S peors can hit' glaflll-d If tliee,,l ii leo ihlIll '.115 50111 001011,5 lucmnr. iaflll 10,10110,parlrh .nd shl.renrOPper meetIng sholi be girlS sntf imfinotelneno of neatest pnl.flerlyi, ShallaOt apply 11111 tile r.hart.cropper Ioroblesn.Men and Women who have been lIt 1108 50(11jollItylIe fit.ihot isa loose.It Isa teylllg.l,ut 111001,1II rolrlollyilroro'ol IlpOn any Otbor question noapeot to ally ieotn allIds wIder Otis sot lil'llltIlOg their liven to blob problem hareanolttcd mc In ilbt' sI ii, e,,lItI,,lltOlh,llb0teiI0t1tb0, 111,4 1111$ this bill, eroliper Or tellafli nlmuros durIng 111111 pIrellI Id III,.1 ll,, Ill' 11,1108,iolintIy 'UtIle relate sOott oltetlnlf. The bill first provides for the creation Of In competent, fhot niece in IS SconeS ass slId cnIJtnsIcrnd to lik.'iilmllod 01 IllsI'fllh'jIli', 11111 '101 As ue,'d In I tlln.rli,,tl 0 '00,11111K former "Soc 37 The CoeiolrStbln is':t;I; on 0111mw lIe O mhOrlloelllon the rapltal stonE ot wIlICh nimbi 1,1, iIIl'l who liy lIlt 1111, IllIvIr wolks tilenull Oil which he live. aI,d be suloncribed IbIS Obligations then Joe raIl bes'cmt- a lulilr(l,,,cr heilki,,,l,olrsaoe OOttlputilcs,Of Olin silo punril030 sl tIny foreclosure on olhmn late,olher late hO 11111-1 by ihe Tfoouury of fhe LjiufedStates in lilt Smouflt of 0111111 11111 I ,,nll,.terIle coral 11,111, scilutre 1iropefly pledged to 50cc!. sny boa or the corporation Sees fit to nell ihe land 101 Ii,ic'lI 11111 lIlt loner' '0 their rrllrrselll otitre exceptlhSt nothing herein owing onder this act, to .oI'epl title to allyproperty eO p,lrriiIl'' 9500.000,050 That nounlls like n lot of money, acId more CllalllltleO 0111111 eel'l.Idr soy b,oio'fr,le 11,1111 tocsnt ornhnzaroPPe COrperaliOlito openSle or le.11' lIlac Is carried In bib comma tee has no j005dletloll thl cc '111111hIl',iIlltit Ill. Irn.i,eer.i'.I,:itil1r tISilt to 0118.111 11110 pacticillatu In every rapnO or acquire" In the n.mr nf Ihe deemed neOrnorl lIr.1,1' bill before the Comelittel,. but I cull eration of the program from a F't'ulc-mlll Oliiiillll,.iol'I (lii Such Ievperty for audi (mmml as may be s,d neff on 0100roll dtla'lil0,1 to list fact tllai the $500000000 willcare not only elsable te croteot Ihe inviitlilnllt theneltESoquItid aublcrt 0 III. llftc pufl-hane of land, to put lenantu can sell the 10501 to a farmer on a 40 ycol 0111111011, III .I,lllg I'll Slob rollllty or jisri'.it nieetltI$ rholl elect tty seotethslloia disp.tM of .urb property so pIeai.eeed or on, but will also odihitiOOM sertIoll 33, cr010 tori) termsIlOd IF I 5-peroent Iflterent, / They n000rtizolIe 111011 01 'I Ills lIt tire pni'allleni. se.'reiOry nod 110aullrer. ond two conditions enoioeenled II. shalt doteemine toill llroolde (or eelsobilituljo so that It wl)I not belleCalJ' to 40-year perIod, inelufllng princIpal paynitllis 01111 1111,11,0, .11 1,1 whom ohliti constitote iha County Committee' loch coauldetatloas so Ute CcrpOrStiOs ililucate money out of the relief fondfor Ilioo purpoee, and II l'llltlItl( Ot p001311provI,ied. TIlais t000rliy Of etelobere - and a defisuto amount is thrd that hoe PItt'? h,c',u'i1,11.111 lily ti,r,uIlIIlIlltne ulIslI at 511 tImes be fflm Waa015 orsZiote010pplsl, e.oaable. S 0 . 193'? CONGRESSIONALRECORI)HOUSE 6519 JIJNJO 29 6518 CONGRESSIONAL RECORDhOuSE dared in Ihe Deel;nritttutn of Independence. Is supposed to There Is not any overprodtuctluumu in hh,' tlrullt'il Slate'; of Mr COOLFY. Mr Cliatrrttafl. wilt (tie gentievtOn ylcld? islotion tti.rt wilt ts'ip to citie rIte noisy tout tItuS are tiow gti.uraniten' iuhi'. iitumtrly, amid Ihe pursait of halipittess to all it., cotton. corn, wheat, rIce,beater, or collie,amid tRite 11:11 deity. citt/,t'mts, amid I eontemuii that thins body should adopt more of bcenm. tiuere is arm uitderprodactlomt of those IhIrii;s.ltiiw - Mr. PETERSON of Georgia I yield. rotstntg oitii gr,uts'luugri itils grt'itt and itt Mr COOL.EV. Does tire gerilienian Intend to vote for Mr Ctiulruiari. Ott page 2 tntline 4, the cornintittee has sat'h im'r'IslahiOit that wiU afford the masseu an oinportwslty to ever, the fanner's of Losislarta, Tenon. Iowa, orutiillif the hivetihonid: inasmsch so that is the great cry through- Slates are gradually beIng staittped ost ttft st.tt,'to,i.ttut'y flits measure? seen lit to use tile woid "recently "Iask that the ctrm- niake tnisri t otit the latid in preferrmice of retief, are gradually hmsvmng to resort In tine W P. A. coIlsttt,sh Mr. PETERSON of (jeol-Ola.I wish to state to the gen- niittt'e strike oat tb, word ''recently" arid itt lieu lit-unto titut I do riot know how this measure will finaity thereof the two words "hits ever." Sr'ntrior (lucy P. Long ho his share-the-wealth reply to various other relIef slender, be amended, but at present I ani opposed to tIre measure. TIre purpose of the amendnrrertt is to (ttke core iii ittose Ou'ruerai .johuisouu stated: toitbecamuse thmreisartiivi'rproultuctlotu?Nit itIn tanners who hart' nioved into ttrwrts or etties but wti:r wish because the pettitlu' do tutit hate lIne tmiitmu.'y wit itOlin II I believe that the menibers t,f thin committee have brought Titam t p.el'rnmitAmrrucvttsttwtm va pererntt,fArniertu'a'. to relurn to tire [genii., aciiith. w(iiie 4 iO.'tt'ti,s own bcLaet'ut as hierveuittuna 86 hitererutol buy the timings tImer hind annulinsist eonrnsttie iftIterill' here a measure which is a travesty and an insult to tile lit. weatlnr Strut,' is a rn ittlehligeiire of the 30,000,000 farm population of America First, I wish to furnishytiu with som,' Shir'clflC facts as to live In a reasonable or respectable way, tot Mr. COOL5EY. Wvuid the gentleman be kind enough to prmently exist getieralty throughout the coumrtry on this Therefore. (he cry began throughout the land hhat the on'erproducmng, yes thlose psssr fuiu umnees sue bring luildI point out the particular section to which he so vigorously aubject First, at present we have about 6,000.000 farms di'magogue Long Is ineoernrct.Therefore, the New York Daily My coileagucs, after Ihe Nw Yttrk t.Rnllv N,'ss un1935 objects' with millions of people making a livelihood from tile soil News of April ii, 1935, lntlnumded and added that somebody umtdertook to rm'fuue thte statenu,'mtis of Senuliur I tmnty P Iitlg Mr PETERSON of Georgia I have not heard one wordout of 3.059 cowttlrs in this country, and of the total farm- ougint to 140k imnto this question and get the true figures on relative to romneeurlrisllt,n of wealth in the hi,uuuitsIf ;ntt :5 from the gentleman fromNorth CarOiiiiaI Mr COOLLY I on ers, 2.600,000 arc tenant farmers, with an increase of 40,000 AmerIca's wn,uilih In order to refute Long. The News then ar,d svas uurmssecessfut, thuts Conicress (itis d,tnut,It It this ttoor which itt arty manner showed that he was oDe,-each year.Tire appaliing eondlttomrIs an ever-increasing a.sslenrd one of its most eompn'tcrnt investigattirs, Lowr'li Limn- curIngthitutm'vih. lute are ticntuiltintlllhitnu,ulri'I huh,, Ing a measure which will place the farm families of America condition, in that 40 years ago only Iin Corey 4 were farm pus, toihe fob of dIgging up the figure,, so Ltmpus caine toIlmat foonud out thi' irntth, yet this Ctumtgrn'ss uunt,itilt'Itt',',', in s position of ec000miiic independence tenants, whereas today more than 40 pn'rrieiit of the farm Wnssirimsgtoim atid worked f or weeks here in the Library of miS ones Sane uumuilt'rtakems very little. If'aitythuifltl, .iiiitlulII::', line other (lumumt u't,'llulls Mr COOLEYlines the gentleman understand thai wepopulation are tenant farmers, Congress anti elsewhere, to rout up the true figures. with titus billIt rm'nchrtds true of lit, ale not talking now about the general farm program but t readily agree that Lire appropriation of only OtO.000.000 which to deny Senator Long. and. therefore, the resmtim.s of whit alhowed L'amarus to slur ositstdty ihe t',;m hi', wit hi ihi'iI,.g.s about a specific n rasure for relief of farm tenants? for tire fiscal year t93rl. 625,000.000 ins 1539, tund 050000,000 that research showed Senator Long had essentially the cor- Hiking hIs sore,, begging hum he crmunibs hhat fell Irom,m tile Mi PETERSON of Georgia.I ani glaitlire gentleman In 1940 Is only a miniature set-up, to aiiotv farni tenants to rect uiuiormationm. espeelaliy where the nroney power is lodged itch man's table Wltrn tamoarits died timidibm' ill h tum:nit tins imti'ritiorti'd that foci, because iii lire report of the com-purchase farms, brmt I had rather fttr this Government to in this counttry. died, amid ihe mcii man Imuoked ,uf,ur of! and saw Pttsr,ilu;nutt mm (ito beginnittg, notice, of which tiregemiticitianit, a niernbrr. he hlnsoeif nrake a success, eventhoughItis small I shall herewliii set forth Mr. Limpus' findings: wmth t.agaruis in luls bosom, the rtelt nuaus ruled unIts;nlil, admits that this bill caiiiiitt succeed unless there Is passedthan to nrrake tito ionic an appropnietion anti at the red More tliimtt on pern'mtl of tIne aoraern me sic tin,tiu'ni Outturn r,'rt'tnv "Faiher Abnuhiammm. sm'mnd t.,azau'ustiututlie un;uyni,llurwill ,:r otis,'r l,'gistatiomsiii support ofit. and I will read to the prove that such an undertaking is a foiture lent ituan 62 (tOO a year. atuivU isregarded as aamu,ieiui otity for and coot my tonigul'.''Ahraliamtt stud, ''it euntunhut b'Itulnie My friends. t hesitate on the floor of this ititase to paint baSIC iteeretity. The rich man said. ''Thtcn send I .atuurss b.tt'k tiI art InI lit geoitcoiair his attn ri'pvirt tin gtcitt Mr COOLEY'I listIs tim itositioti.II iiitik, alt of the an appalling picture as exists in certain seenit,ns of AccordIng to tire UnIted States Federal 'reatie CommIssion he mumay tell my four bro(IuersI Itere mifI hue torutirnit s wit It oi,'iitbt'rs if the coritumirltn'e eiilertain that we Iiirist hiase hind, witere there is too much lii eat, too iniucin to tvi'ar. and in 1926. Ipn.'rcemrt of the people dying did not own as mnucii which t am aflhtried that titer nmay avmtmni millstie." At,r:n. additional leglsi,irion too much of everything to supply the dentairds. fur people to an 59 percent of the wealth reported, and since that thme hamnald, "There is hot a but of use 'I'Imn'y have M,,,srs unit 'rite CIiPtIRMANThe time of the gentleman from go hungry or undernourished, poorlyclod, and without the rich have been getting riehce in proportIon and the poor the prophets; they will trot believe one w'ho it.u,srui,nnt leosi I Mi. Partosos Ihas expiied shilter.Thereloet we must come to ihe rescue of oar un- poorer, so stated Mr. Llmpus' findings; therefore, my eol- the dead and has come back to n'anlh." (ii'oigia iii.mt Cotit'reso Mr. JONES Mr Chaitmati.Iask uttaniilious conseiit fortunate members of society and shniw them ieagues, thIs inmvestlgstlon by the New York Daily News shown Tisia Congress stands here today ntt'iuiedtuiigIii acc,'pt sit that alt ijei,ittC on this section and all amentiments thereto has an interest, that ttsey alt missy cutup sittise of ttue pleastirro speemfleaiiy that Senator hiuey P. Long had underestimated many great truihs that, IfailottI,-d,uvntitd lIe,'ii grout itis close in 5 rvttiuies. and happiness that God intended for them to enjoy the wealth holders in America and that I percent owned a econonnie eondti ion Mr. MILLSMi Cht,uirinon, I obert to ttrnt,I have airan author situation f or a selected few iii in deniorrarit form great deal more than 50 percenut of gO the property,After The CHAIRMAN The qmui'sllonIs on the amtui'nsdmsnut aineiitttitrtit at thc disk. of government to enjoy the advantage', of tire itt a isrid of Mr J,impus had discussed these facts it was decided, after offered by time gentln'man front I.atiulsuanis. Mr JONES.Mr. Chatrmrtaii. I ask unanimous COnisemit tot iniuch to eat and too much to wear anti the uttfortunutra some deliberation, to publIsh thrm. inasmuch as they were The question was haken; and on a ittoisiun iitetiiouudeii by tir.O alt dr'iiotr so ttiis section nod all .inicndmircttts thereto groomr togo hungry, begging for firod, shiny ann no place to afraId by not puub(ituhlng the uneovm'red truths It would beMr. MnLLsb iluere wereayes 15mtoen 61 ateep. clottueslesa and no intoui'y to boy clothe',.Therehora closr lit It irtintites. vemy tmarmf nil mid enuse a lange inn'mrgu,c of share-our-wraith So the unmu'nnnhnnetnt was relict i'd Tire ('IIAJRMAyi.I',lucre olijcctiotr to the request of this iegistation is poitir Inc linwat d tile gri'titrst huiiramittam'tafl believers throughout the land, The CIIAII1MAN,'rite Chtiir e,'e,lu:tileesliv'' 1)1,15: I,'fiitt the gettiteitiani from Teius? muse, the grn'atcst act truSt I hose seen tilts Cortgtess bettlis 'Ftiis big newspaper of tlte titnited Status further stnierh Puerto Rico for 4 mmuliuuteo, Mr. PETERSON of GeorgiaMr Chulitnan, reserving the to undertake In my short period ol iuosoch.rtiofl, nnd t contenti, that Anutcriu'a ho, got to redmstrrbuto the weolth in the laud Mr IOt,,ESIAS,tile. Chnaurmtusut, Ilift r ott uttiu'rtdnlenh, right to object. I insist that Inasmuch as this is a measureIf niore of such irgtslatiOn was adopted, the eounhry a, a The Clerk read as ftittows wltolu' would decline in lookung dltati titus body as oruu' that one way cur thE other.Therefore, niy colleagues. this is one or tremendous ltnporianei' not only to rise farm population ofI tie safr.,t usoys. through farm tenancy amid old-age pen- Amettdnlcnuotfered Ito Mv ItO CuSSIi,, I'S: 0Ii:,' inhuuvor oftm veli'eted bvt to (hi' entire potuutlatiotivf Anicrica, the Cfiumtrinali should lt,is totoe of tin siutiwni dint rumlrtiitiott nouns, tteit titus wt'tulthu otay Inc di,trtItutn'd. tuniti I am in ouidala ''imrsoni''. nmrs.eu 'anti mit I'll,,i,, Ill.,.' firrinit (alt opportunity to discuss the tall. file.This type of tennmslatlorr alhorui.s ii greater nxrssrtiility fur the greater psi ei'itlarii' of tire nnasM's becoitiutig beth', hide- this L'uritget'ss isc'titnninig to line ruatt'.unmtIonm of the tcutlm; svd if file. IC,I.ESfi'iS.'11mm' etu,muruum;lutt'f mlii' (',,tnutiul II 'to Pttt I- Mt t,ANZEfrA Mr Chairman, ci serving the right to oh- we rio unoi adopt tine tu uthi I tori afrounl c'vt'uutuutly it wull tue ruutluu'e Iltus akm'ceil to titis ninutemulhuntetlt, stud Ii u'lisCst tlit It feet, f shrimild like to p sk the rent hr'mon ft tim Ti'sas.t hi' pi'trdvnt cittri'fls, ,'nubiimtg themto make a livelihood iri'rnnu- Fun ther. tins Iris' oh irtiusistiori is nothing nosy, as it too lair'. be voted on rh;ni nian of tue rtinrmrtlt ret',If tune wilt be allowed for the e,eurt(y My cshui'nonnes, in inset, hire language In sectlo,u B. litle I, Mr. JONES,Mr. Cliali ilIum. I lnttt' tot i.tij.',' I lilt, eiinsitht'ratiitn of rho' umettdr,ient introduced by the Cotnitils- was odvocaled by' rite early philosophers, also the pilgehtni and Put thu lonefat hers, us weih as tile Bible Itn,etf, rinds as follows: TIne CH'hTtihhAN 'l'hiemntu,'sltiiui u',ullihu,'tuulut't .iIli:,lm alotter fritur I'Urt to It iii sit,, olfrrcnl by rite th'let:att' frmiuumi'ut,' tillIll,',, Mt JONEn.Yin, rite ouic-tttltti, nt is sitltnf,lvtoiy to (ii,' I have heard ntunrlrs'rs of nuo'erhri's oui this Iltior and ovr'r Only ettrnt in'ttettneeuim intolvi're, it,vrcertlllilen,. hl.e usd10 by C000i essnt,'n ovhvoetttttui( pro atud con varitots u't'itttyttiuumnttlt'ui 1ittieltiti,,im morn iotiutttt6',St,.,ithe,'ttt(ltiieto 'tIne anurmidurtemit ass air mmiii lii rt,nifltitt(t'. nll',.inc in,nti.t,i, Itotit itti. stile Time CIIAIISMAN 'rim,' ct'mihlinti.tnli ii'iti'l, Si.: litu.l,:sm',i 't'ttt trototr tire rt'ty hrlanis of hr'Otstatronihint willeli, solve the now enisttrrg con- 'tile (2hlAtii MAN'rite trijirt Trrus is Isrn'l'ointmh,.u'li lOt 4 tullmutil a' kitE OitSnoiiolt'. toiscitt to titititdt'bitti' omr tins ttoirntd- ditiutns. bat I to'ttest'tossaift'if this bill wilt be goIng a long I suit-vu' iht' l,uuuttunagr sluotntd Inc i'ttttnecth itnuth bc :.tihltn'hr'ntlly way totvard a g'aler ii'dlstrtbut ion of wealth, in that it hal wide to alhtuw htt'Otnleti totvtil vho have nin,tm ec'cntt(y I,tt'mm'd Mr. .hONSS Mi. t'ttaitnti,ttiIri'.'Iit''t'tn:'it::iiutoIt:,' i rqurst of the gcuitienian from a tendency to tan tIm more well-ta-do and guarantee some- iiie pmIt'IIt'ge to hioniow money ho buy I.'nunnus, us iii' have ouni,cnlmnirmitolfu'red by inyt'otl:',iy,ulu'Ito' riot, mliii Is there olijeeltoti to tile ttioti'atndn of tutitillies In towns who would be Pr 00th to nnuove 'I'coOs GIbe. Itfsttos I I sht;utm' tics u u'oul'mI louti.i' Tints? tlnnng to the smaller pcopie, i",itumi Cirdit m vaStlynuts' nit tltc once,, ft tim some of (lie Mv'mbcrv of tint a tarm if ways and nmeamts could be provided for tliemn to AulmimtlstututltmmnantIIt'.ic tivlt5 Ithiti:kmliii titterOtiS no titilect ten Mynrs ummdt'r thetilt's of Iu:snit ittlill',ti it 'the t2ttAIRMANThe Choir reeoitiZes lire grnttetnan this House whenu I soy that titis Is poinitnitg toward the I ieket inutrcliase a inlaee, f ann sure sonic of you will disagree by hiotintgit too mnnatty are allowed to Cumin wc is't1t have nnr dv'rfnnl Sorb, butt nInenurmntu:uhmlu'tntu,Iu'tlttilt 1:1'. lilt from Loui.stitrruI Mr Mci SI for m,tiotes. I was elected on- tile sltare_our-weatth--ahihOugh I desire Mt , MlI.l Mr Ctiotrrnart, I otter oti onirnilinerit. atiii. tinE to give yoa to undr'rstanid where the shart'-Otir- ovei jtuiductiouu,Ni, we mitnust go fuu ther and sdoi,t ihe C fruunm the burt mew oh hI s uumutk S,'vv'totl uiit, 1 I:Imu;'iililt hitarc.our-wriullhu wtny of dn,''atuntg whImfarnnttnuuthuyirhiousinug Irt'mtmamus Itottithitto go to 111.11 u,ly:tu,uO'llll,:l 'lite Clii ii reid as follows ni u'ahihumuieturtimig was flintusn.'tl, but. mint the words,I will rr'ud f torn ihe t'ri'sunieu(t's acceptance sper'ehi tin Chicago. pure line lumnds to lay idle every sesenntli year', its taught iii mIre Ruble, Myers' n';nimuebrf,tmi'niiurt'umlmturttti,',' itl.ikiuii' Ii,'I,t t,,,:,'tm Avei,tti,st'Ost,vtrett t,.ittSin,".' P..i', 0its,' 4. ottO! viii Mv. lust unless toe w;tmmlv'd t,t u'iu;trut:c' ii oilS WOOS ...Is", lt,its. caL' rts-rt,I C' not illicit tire at,rda 'hut 388 of the prttcr.'itiivys of lIE Di'tmnocrsthe Nat tonal Coiuvemu- mmiii Ooveettn(reint guaranterlmng ho our forimiars a Iii Ice for ml i:',i tt:,li' 'il .ii, ills ttOmr of 1932, and I oni quoting [ruin Sir Roosevelt: their row puundnuets equal basIcally to tIle mafluufaetuit ing tend to Unhurt- vr'm'y mcnally mhe it, ,itohlli.'.hluiil'tllit1:1'.': I. puce,'flieeeIty nuimutsiruimon. Untlm'riiuittodntutms:,t mu tuiittIi,'utlmu .1 '.11 Mr Chairman atid colleagues,I am very Titr.,ttgttoottile!i.uii,,it, nun untO Women, forgottenin the I comntend buying powrr will be Increased Ill,' Mr Mf1.l. mn,tivicat lttrtlon(tY of It,. (iorernmeris of inc taft yearn uouta Loire anuomig tine farmIng class and a grealer ulemniand for tIme fanm obligations of ihu' F'di'raI boil It:ntsk.stm it u' ti stlto::I'h.,'Ito' htnpityto riseit tilts t mime in support of form-tenant tegis- Sire nor gotuuontinitO br ntoreeqati.ami ttpfion Sanity iotts.'e. eomnnodntirs will exist Pitt timer, as long as ma:,s pu(uchashuug must sell time obtittntillns of nbc uuutc'rtluu',tIat i't'i,'ulitIitik '.iii tsiiviiflettig a sttrrlhrrn farmer, and my msneestiy on both 55:1 I., stile:, honing bern titters of the soil for inure titan 100 years, I wamit you to iitidOistitfltl th" Id,, of the shore_Oinr-weaiih power stays down aunul eontunuuim,s to simrtmtk, there will be an finAneimug line curm'cttt credit of I itosc' ii, t:,tmiue.. itlOtls over praductivimu of buu(htimbs, ears, ruthios, anui so fttrtlr. wiuteh you ix'Ilevm' in tire systenn or tiltt,hint is tIlt hi,isisit Iml 111,111 Ifiat Ut oily(tate aeqinrr'd a syinpa( lucite interest in the pin ant wan a phrase of ijennotor Ifuey P. Long, who is now deceased, but Yet today even though he Is deceased, those we ike to thijik are elcmotnts i(due /minueu lean rtantd,rrnl of is built.Wht'n hue b,'gams, lantnl-hutuk to,iuitsss,i,''..'hlilii',its farming irtilustry of this country as a whole,Therefore, I IinIug,. ant deeply gratified that (iris Government has come to thewordn ring In the hearts of every American citizen and they tIme gO's and hi manty Inistaitera were ttol sL'lIiilg 01ill.'itu'y reatioution that the welfare of a citizenry usuot look for leg- behiese tirlo Goveinment, as origimsalhy founded, aO well de- I 6550 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 29 1937 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE are now silting above per end the farmer Is gettIng the Ma. MCCLELLAN. Mr Chalrinan, I thank tile gentleman makes tilt' pOsh provisIons of the bill applicable to the doIng Mr. PE'I'EItSON of Georgia.it.r:, dIr,: gehltlu'Iin.l roil ilium Since (hr ann ildhmlenlIs lowest bit,rcst talesflat trove ever prevailed In the Unitedfor acceptIng Ute amendment of thiilt,'u by thilu couwtittce which It is liltended by the pro. rrport amf tile sobeu,,,IIIiLLceitrho:Ccuimuio ii iii' mlii StaleslIly lowest rates that have ever pres.lkd on suchaccepted. I should like. Mr. Chalrtilan to address tiiy reniarij visions of the bIll to prceent them fromdoing There Ia a lOilidS. rs'hiich has cone iiltOhIs ,mlai icr 11cr, ezi m'Ii:iuri/ large stale anywhere In tile hIstory of the world.liii briefly to tile merits of the bIll.Yesterday In genu'ral debate provIsion here wIth reference to What emliloyel,'s may do, and Mr. COc)LEY.No, 1 have hot the time was so limited that many of us who Ore itnnlou, mstarrahils bell willadnirnistered.Questionable things I refer to seelllrn 49. Mr. I0E'l'EItSONif (aeoi jilatot tou'ti-Il theeli iii have Inert knit out ot It and only adequately secured creditto 0cc Ibis leglsliltion odopted dId not have all Isllportilnlly Mr. JONESSectIon 42. al vie ,Ilmdl'rs(.ind it, ntoku's tlii':,c what the coilditioth Is lIt Noel Ii Cat ohitia to express our views; therefore, we isust secure tiuie uildrr fails lairsicaiiiii'al 1)0 you want to Jetepardlce thut by tab- cliutity Ctimtlimlittei'sctmtphoyi:eo of lhrm l'edei il(jIIaI'rlullai'tlt Mr COOI,EYWhose bill Is it? mu a ltllia'ri'.lt IYPC of credii that one who purchased bonds. U,m' 5-mlliole rule. and, therefore, they would be subject to the penalty pro- Mr VE'ITRSIiN mif (I'll 4ua.IL Is nba.' billit its'liii orii a lao piircii;:sall liii' olallratlr,fls of the Intermediate credit Mr. Chairnian, Itb hot bi'lirae there Is amyoime in tl,is vioionu flan tromn Georgia silo is 110* spyuahullag. House who 1101 keoilCr synlhiaUly for or deeper interest lii bunk, ililk Iii feel alioaald not llavC liven Included?I do not Mr SUMNERS of Troas1 direct tile atlentihmn of the gIn- Mm: COOLEY,hid liar gl:talol'atlI t'oitm Ii,,itci.i ii .bii, tIle class of people for whose bctieflt Wi' are tinderlsklng to belly's. you do. tieman to the fact himat s'm.etlon 49 is hat a blanket proel huh ttmissaon ill 5P10 or tjm'fuure ibm: lIos'.e Cilliilli II U'eomr A :l i'll' This goes a little furtiler than thatI hope the House leginlate today thamm I Ilave.I opctsk fraus personal esperi- whIch seeks to putiish persoems who do the things iirohmb:ted timrc to eopress tie otfce smay r;onstruetivc alone .11010 uhiolii bill lotlows enee and not irs one wh,i might have read of or wllo may time Ilemallimlt11'llIl,laahioil? it ill1101OIl ept liar alllelldlni'lit because airs I was by the provisions of tills blU, I read this hurriedly. tire ii rita In thai has bien proved and tested In many other have heard about the plight of the tenant farmers. The penal provisilln lisa In do with gifts. fees. snllOIl Kim h'E'l'EItSON sf Ciroritiui Flil, I diii lilt. lint liiibill II reared the suit of a truant fanner and I know how bard the count vIes IL IS 5 sl.Irt 11W point,it Is fair and i think we forth, but not faLse certIficates.I suggest to Ihe chalmnaimn now Oclormi time Colonoitee OIl Char ISahilic tea ,iai. uit 0 Ii.. Ii 111,1 would liii better If WI' started on a moderate scale. struggle is and how dilflcult it 15 for olte In that claa under that before we conclude the bIll this bo gIven consIderation. tienileinsil train ('.i,'uo die ha ttirmvlier, isbn' Ilie binI Mr hIPS Will the gelatli'OlRn yield? preseilt econonllc conditlolls to acquire a farm of his own. Mr. JONES.I should lIke to have the help of the geti. fully belotigs'I'IIi). my frlemid,is aiustia,ii.aIland hail 'tO Mr JONES.i yield 10 the gelliletmiali front Tesos They have not the power ho give Utcisnselaes a shirt, ajsd this tieman.If the gentleman has an amnemudnlent to cugcst, Iprogrsnl, miot otle which 5 ould place tile lanucrs 01 Aiiieu,m.a not a fact that the bonds lsuued by bIll in at least the adoption of a policy whereby the Federal shall 1st pleased tlr consider It when we reach tllat polmmt.I In complete borldalte forever hApusI.musri Mr DIESiv It Government recognIzes tire tenant farmer and otTers some tile['aUnt Tl'ditAdlllllalslratlon are guaranteed by the do not iaave tIme now to go into the question, but I thamlk tue Mr. COOI,EY.'Itien, wIry dill-:, hal' ga'rhhil'tlluihiiii lull'ii: aId and assistance In his antbllion to heroine a home owner. gemmlhemnan fcmr calling nmy sttelitloms to It, Clrinanhitlme on Arrrieial(ua c tor fualhiacn io act? Federal Ctlirl'rldlil'lit? Mr. Chail'inamt. Ule comflllttet Is tIcIng criticized for mtot Mi' JONES No.TIle bonds of the land banks are not Mr. SUMNEILS of Tt'aas.I shall be glad to hlink into tile i ilta c tlae gavel fell I guaralill'cd by the Cioterlimelit. either as to prIncipal or brlulglng 10 a better biD.Certalitly this measure Is not all hatter. Mr. JONES.Mm, Clialruntrn, Ia' klila t,oliiilmScii,:.. i:t Interest: yet tire, are selling about par,if we Lack UrIs that was hoped f or.Everyone, perhaps. Would like to see The ChAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment of that all debate In tills seehicin Laid oil sa,e.idimi, ni., iiliIi on. i do not bet Ieee that etrnditlufl will continue.Governor more money appropriated, more people benefited, and more the gemillemnan from Arkansas lMr. Mm,Ct.gssaeml. close In 8 mInutes. Myers. vho!,e adrulnlsttatioei we are complimentIng, feels people aided, but unfortunately we cairnot do that at this 'VIse CIIAIIIMANlu blil'rr objI culiun hoilieichluest of Mere 10 the imptirtajlt tisIIig about this program. Wi, Thc alesendmileiit was agreed to. that it nali'ht lllatertstly Illiure the sale of titouc bonds. tone Mc. PETERSON of Georitla,Mr. ChaIrman, I isiove to the g('mmths mnati ft 0111 Tunas? ale startIng.Everybody agrees that tills to a good policy. 'there was nIl objeetlte, I here till ravel toll I No one critIcizes tine polIcy of trying to help this class of strike out Ilte last lute words. '1111' CIIAIItMANTile question Is on the amendment Mr. Clialrilsiin, tIme Cenlleiulail fromNorth Carolina a few Mr. LAMBEI1ThONMt Claaimi,iatu. I rise litOiIIio:.iLlluiI offered by lire tielltlenian Irolo TcbaS I Mr Masolml. people.As we start out I thliikItisUhiptortlillt that we to tIle pro-formna anieuidnhehit proceed cautiously In onder to niake UrIs eaperlmellt a suc- musimmules ago amjll'd a very lxrtlnrlit questIon Ill regard to Mr. Chairman, I rise at this titmle to folk a tiltle not of TIre amI tidluent was relected. cess. because. God pIty the le000t farmers of Auserhm,a It thIs sghetlier or Clot I tholight tills measure was a pIece of sepa- The Clella read as follows: rate and Indeprildeilt legislation.It is very ealdent it is not.order, wrth the permlsston oftIle Comnnitl im'r'.iclmale lIe experIment falls. We must slake It succeed, amid the only Members Cool oft eiimrugh to 110 souse sober nJamiai,Ilari oIl liac way to make it succeed Is to place It on so high a plshme U 'VIse committee in Its report, which Is now available, states Sic' 2tnt'I Ire cud.1, culflunitler.. csi.tbliaiaed under .ecllos 42 on page 3 Ilie following: shmnonmneeleseilt I am coins tti m,tke possible and luiderhakc to adntlflha5ter thc law without finals- 'l'hc subcoieiltslltr'e of tIle Cclriilimhhim: on Amabuiillir iii louis tat He.ehe oliIlluu'.iliilfl%ci1icfliisS deilrlflg to bassos (hO clal lass to the Government. 'Flit prnyra.ii lIe re cilIa (cmlliao'il hitusI lie tamiludeil Ulioll Itlel ill' wInch is llandhmng tlue ' tX'psrtnav nil of lIar ncijtllslli,ia lii curio, lii tile 000517 II) natalIe at a lashtrain tIto chIli. (tihil Iare,lng olhi be larofltsblc eoaugll to Iasakn Ilie aiajec(Incs llIli'rlu,r npairo- If those chargt'd with admnlmiittrrltig tire provisions of thIs sit tIle 11111 realiaal,ie. priathon bull Ismmteeb lug at 2 0dm klii rillisldertile134 mice ,ivii,r tills tItle law will sine precautIon in selecting tl'namiLs flout desemvlmlil Cii Evil1 tienil arlosise 15mmliililt cosidy wIth respect Above that It states amcntlmuti'nts mna(le 10 the t,tleniuur Du parllirehi Iaaima, 011110. (01 -Stillii, nhii'lleallohi tar a1,00 IiBlade amid best suited to receive Govermonelmt aid and proceed tInts tail by the Senate AllytbillIji wiiiriilIlt 1111115IiiI tue Is eligibleto liiIilii'ems dolitCe And. thatsri atlldleist under a program of this kind, In a year or two, even wIth Ncll tier (lit lI.ihsiflrd sor Out lefisnI tias blat sllmrirnt lr,eume. Interior baa sonic eollticet w.lh soil el,itsereag utah,almldsIll ri..' tic li,'lirtlts liiliii. tItle. that by reohao at hits cilllracter. this meager start, the loroceani will becln to bear Iruit. old nli,t rite loIIdlhaI.ler 1.110 SlitS faa IlLi.slInrlra liso sal Ilsil IiaOdll esters to.'IllIt lIkely500CesslUilylivcarry out 000s,'rvstlon has satne roihlact Wilh Ii money, so 1 sIll lhlu ilk' micaderi.ik.,.fsrtuluircli at 11dmolder a hiatt whIch may lie wail. we will have gained some experience and wIll belier undtr. ing on tIme sllbjeet 0111ev tile In alitIll ion to tills, It Is evident there Is now In tile mailalng o,oi.r liii, lilie1,14 (lIstiv,. tsrm OIL iircr1iertIii stand 110w to tlevelop and expand aimd eatelltl Ilils aid to The Senate eoti,Inulteehli.iltt'I'll.hi,ie,iutmlli'tI is10 tile otsiliiiiii'mlI., mule I' lit slieh chl.etleter lli.lt (litre to treasOn' larger ntllesbt'rs.When we have act up an organliatlon to a nicasure sgliielm ltrlilflses to place in a strait lOcket every It.terior t3t'pmsrhinent attmarllpr ilalmrlrl huh lii umil by 5 ml iii... cull: ilkelltl.l,oi ih;itttielfli,hlng at a liian wilhi reslreot thereto carry out the plovlslotma 01 this act and have crealed the Ilacnler of America, Just as Uais bill dries. mmmi ,,ul lilt pur1aise( oflit! (the, It 511011 hocertlly (is tIme Under tills pro. aihiendmnents Ihe alttounts Wile Iieelum'ued, 5 dm1/i'lllit Ike slrniictLliy to 1St Secretary machliicry to dral yllth this problem i'hft'i'tiveiy we con hisi ii posed legislatIon, If It is enacted Into law, time Secretary of thurri rc 'filmc.ii,i.OIlli Fvi, lii nllprlilsrtaiion and extend thin aId to largic aemmendnic,mts were Iscovmsional, hiul iynIie('r 100 atho 1,14 (lit i,mtu lill 0 Selltile colmismlttee Stilts I. tile re:maonllble talus increlne tIlt' Agmieullure calm actually prevent the fanner Irons hitchingamnendnments time Smelt, coiitlmlullem' ri'eiihullimm'uallrII Itiurr,i'u,'ll Ct liiiU mriia nutestiers oh those worthy to receive hi. shill be 5101cc wIth hIs n,ulc to the wsgon amid taking his lamIly to church on amounts and the Senate agreed to .s,t,'i, lIiIia'asl'lu'l'tit',vt is Or rioc,'rliOt.itluts 'rhits stClllts True, Mr. Chalrnmomm, we olD never be able to lilt allhi' Sunday.TILe Secrctsry Itas absolute and eoiiiplete control liiilorIs lid S ultra All? tom ,flbcr at(lii: coiiintltti't has Over a 913.000.000 Increase on tIlt'b.irc 01It.tliil uis.iy thy Ili..iierlv lalreesl. tIler, t hr indirect. ohare croppers amid tenant larmems to isisighei level amId end doininstlon over tIle farm lamlly which Ia aupposed to anrithimig about Ilue babies ha Itmoih,cla artni,,migiiu'ii.t Illr.imu.mooshall lIetroll0 lastly personae withret1teet to sliimmdard 01 living. There are those, of tulane. who would receIve these 00-called benefits, yet ymlu say thIs is platingImundreds 01 issibllons InIlIlte any litre, rintm"s eertlllrcilan OS requIted nailer lvi. icctloa lIsa to collieOut aiiiriuilhileiit laeovc,iieitliricjlect to tacIt person slid tacit fans by (55 not take ploper advamitale of this oppertunIty II It weie the AmerIcan fsrm ftmmlly in a condItion of economic Inde. Itisertmid by that Senitte glees blitil 10 a baby vIlichi 11111 l'o.l extended to them, but there arc many who will and who pentlence.The farm mortgages are wtlai got Us Into our 941.000.040 before It is tilatuied.The eouuiilmlltecis 501114 will becotne the owners of homes and farms ol ihelr 0151 grrt'sent trouble, to meet now, and the billmlriast Mr. C'Iiaarntan,Ioiler an amendment. Tine averatie farm mwtgage In America to- be passcd by tuouilrriiw MiTAltVElt and thus make better cItIe.cns by reason of this asshstalico day Is only approxImately. $3,500, but here you are gaming to nIght. We spent Its days ium hearinags, and tile cIllee Iioily wlstili 1 send to the Clerks dosk. and the ploo'ram we are launching by the enactmemmt ot opt'nt 10 hours last week a:oiasidirtmag that bill. The Clerk read as hollows: create a (arm murteage of approttlmstely $7,900. UrIs legislatIon. Mr. cOOt,EY. Dads III. gentleman oppose the grunting oh lfru c are tIme hussies of tile six lead,ntt 1110101 it V'oIlier cr5 Anl,nhlloeflr admired by Me TattOo PageS. tine td after the woes andahsarecropping haspracticaiii' "camniittee". Insert "or slip persia related II, oath Member .1(515 Tynantfarming Federal aId to lime mosl de,tltut people In Americathose on on the part of lIst Senate: Seiiat,tns llaoaes, M. IC.a.t on USC Iharti degree at euasasgstlnity cc amnity" 'doubled in my State wltisin the post half century. We cali- tIme fsrnss? Fmto.iaa vat Okhuahorna, Aansis. l305uuiras, and OMalIlisby, Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman. I have consulted with aa not close our eyes to this unhealthy condition In our 5511' Mr. PETERSON of Georgia.No; but I do propose that 'limes. athaninlstratioti Icadema IncreasedtIle utaimorlls car- cultural Industry.This trend must be checked, and the rIed tn tIle bill as it loIssl:,t lIme lloii,'ueill hOd ,'iiiiI'ImilIili'ril mliii? n,iirtbers of lIlt Cooinslttt'e on Agrlcullure 5I could 21 Ia going to take timmle.it calm' lmnslea,d 01 placuig themii Us a coilmfitlon not of tcnsmmcy bat 01 eanIsi I sod they liaae all salted this ho a good amendment. nunhi,er nteadtly reduced si,'cldonr and bondage to the lsy.callcd economIc royalists Out of the 134. and dh'areosa'at Ilte alrioaomuts mn oiiiy S iaiili'tllh. ments,I could nay sommictilimlg mt Tl,t'i'eloie. lIseie Is no obicetion to tire sniendolent,. not be done at one sessIon 01 Congress. that we ptace thcmn In a comidlthon of economIc hndepemsdence. llIiitilich,sl sOItme i ln'se Tlit' quentlon Is on the amendment No doubt we wIU find it secessary to adopt many aitlelllt- Mr. COOLEY. Whst plan dons the gantlemmian have tothings are. but t shall do no a ImitIr'huller lboai'cerills The C1IAIItMAN mnemmts to this leglslictlon from tIme to tIme, hIlt we htmvl' is what tiil'Se lenders 01111 h:ivi' 1101 tOnICIrlilluJill ui) offered by tile gentleman fioiit Georgia 1Mm. 'V I. started gird I want to Join wIth atoll, olhers In espressint olfv'i? luland have duose undi'r lro. rtictloiis Ill botamuce Ill' ltii,lit. 'Use iiitieniluimniit was tinted to. Its woi'k Ill Mr PETERSON of GeorgIa.I flay 55Y to the gcnticnlan I here the said fellI Ml Cliainstumli, 2 oiler an amendment. thanks to the CommIttee on AgrIculture Inc Mt McCt.Pt,i.AN reportltsg out thIs btll. Applause.) lhu,rc 5 a plan now before Congtcss wliicls, for umlliroolmmnll('ty 'Inc Cheek read as tohlluws: wtttt Im 1 m.,',ulII, tile Clerks dt'sk. Mr. Chalflmirtfl. I rise In 011lIii',I 91.51141 ia'r fa,mnm fmsimmlly.wIll coittplatelyl'estore time folnI 'flit' Clii I, tend IL, hollows: Mr. SUMNERS 01 Tesla pap,thaition of Ammlcrica to a cnamsdhtloms of econosmile hIde. tion ill the amendment amid I do tlsls for the purpose of ask0u ltritiht'nee. Ste 2tilit.11mm., Imlilmi,' iilmO,'c liii.. Imlie I lu.uO I,.' Oiliei:lloii'lltiieileiliteur bl.'Clrt.l.ats'Pttges.tttheeitdsf 1dm,. a questIon 01 the chaIrman 01 Ume Committee on Agrlcslthir" at rIser-a lie ,,-li.amom( retlIll '4 ic ill.' 00 yi' 11111' aiSLe 1.111 Ike tattoOiuiserttcliilallt sod slid thereto Mr COOLEY. ii. ThIs part of the bIll wg are conaiderlag undertakes to estoli- WIrusI is the plais? tubotmsenctlisa(tlhctlirmiiiosniumylae iocc....dtyl.uu'.iI.l, tile tiiii,ielhig '"at in StileS tvcy or either at them intel hod wools Mr. PE1'ERSON tat Oeorgba,The plan Is thin bill. II. 14 lreoesr(0 0555110 (tieliacm,lamId.11,41be oetaieil ill lur,t Iyin, phi,lr to the date at certifloatlofl." lish certain limItatIons wIUt relerence to the conduct of 11,15 g4aIf is the genlhettmars read It? marl gage or died Of IIti.tt On I lie comntltlee,in turning to the penal prcMsion of the bill, I hI 'The llmslromemuto under whitcla (liv 1,0,1 I., Ill,md,' ala i,. Mr. JONESMr. Clauilroaaul. 1 s±aail be glad Its agree to whIcil Me COOLEY. No; 1 hang [Lot. lie IL,uiilrdlticllL do not find anu1,flirsg, hoot a hurried ezrmmlulatsomm. gleems Usaiclal thoU-- S . S -lUN 29 CONGRESSIONAL RECORDHOUSE G3 &s52 CONQRESSIONAL RECORDHOUSE Till' suggestion I would Clohe would be ihat Np in nlieh form nod rontain suet rovenante 55 the Secretary plow and hoe It woullI be' unell ;s in 1,1110 C011Ie 11 ll,elrmt'vt III i'clvlde for the n'psymeflt of theiran within en egy.ed Mr HOPE. 51100 plO101 itotLII .Ielrnec rItehill ynninrll Ot tile Olrp;lid Inai,nlice I,! agr'nt who i'orliilrot make'i 1)11110 lillIllillOill1111' pr'rI.lrvrrIl.rinorn I bOil 30 yeert from the ltillklilg Of lire kSIi the gcntii'itomli's atnendtrierit ohriutd read 111111 vile borrower till' inn. Li,gl'ihr'r WhIt lnric'eisLLi.n'rc,,Ii.lit yroLct lile s,'cileity, 'Inlet .1111 ly ill Prolirle for the psynleat Of interest on oh. unpaid wIii ci,nfortrr tu such tannIng Pt ai'tice'. and Inc thrIlls as tile .1111 loorntnro thlrt tile latin WilltIce,llillLSloetiIii repair, slid Il, the Siuth to itilr'efere will 111,1: peoPle 01111 of tiler111 al tire rote 01 3 percent per cnn kIll Secretory may preecribe durllig tIre first 5 years the loan wnnic ood 'ehlnuktiilli of Liii' limIt ptevs'tltciI. harass tirt'tui In lIir'le t'sduaoon .5to cliiia incelllillld in lit, 131 l'r.o lie pIe tire rel.tt,,leflt of lie inilpald boOne. jr the 0.0. sr('ttls ti me rile phrase "In order that" Mr. BIEI4MANN. Mr. Clioieniall,willthe gentiettlail loudI do riot bIlled' Y05 1:0111115i'rld onle SlaIn 11(1111 - 111,1 ollotlIer 01111 illi,'retLI InelnotI. ill in. tiliitlil'ilt-.ill...rooriti.irce wIth Isill effect It I)eparinnr'nt ofAgricullarc who iloilli lIon iIlileIll Ill',.' ll,Ir,Oill dole, pretcrihed by the Ol'eretaty ourtlit to 00400 aStor, Instead of belole. the Wolds "lIre first yield? farmers In niy diuteict mow ill miscCiltilIlt Irl'oln II) lIlt iiIII' Iriorath ioc,nrsfldcn.nrt..itliocil cOYI,tlilfltSO.Illeh'I0 O years." Mr. 'COOLEY. Not now.Tine artielldttterlt proposed uses yrlocilSe toi secure the pnyeleot of tile lInpaid loiieflce lain perfectly Wii]lilfl to udopt ihat sug- in place of the word "cooctlariiu" tile words "peovl.'niOtls, littleWehad linettnr'nnbn'rsofline hjoeras ofAl)rin'Il Vt tile roll). Lllgei her lb Interest thereon. In protect tIne eecitt'ItY, Mr IItEIOMANN Economicsbetlree a cctrlloittl'e ili're and solll,vtlI'o,shl'lI Ii 11111 et,lltonl.o,Ilre lint tile t.nrr olilbe nr.Intaitiedill repau. sad gestion and. Mr. C'iiairtnon, I ask uriaiilritoin consetit that cotnditiofla. and iilnitatiOns."I believe that the language of kInlil1,1)11, wIslc011d etho,nstlOil of the feettl peesenled the amendment may be changed to conform with tIle lan- ihe bill Is sumeiently broad in Itu scope to aothoeize the what kimrd of clrrtnin hoer red blvllnnts 11110winti Is) Ito' ide list the iwrfliwee .1,011 pay tall'. and saeeemente guage nuggested by the gentleman from Kansas. Secretary of AgrIculture to require the temrant whom we are wltite biooiOs.Not one of lh'lri could linswee lilt'11111'. I IOU. (is tile Ineni to the proper totiag authoritIeS. and Ia.ar. and pay I am aithoaglt tome of lllrnni lien lesdl'd in be cnpceli'n ci II In grow- on farm building. Mr. RANKINI objt'eh to that. Mr. Chairman. seeking to aid to use modern farm methods, and to cottiply Ing cotton,Ally 10-year-old boy living in ihe cotlt,nn Stair. It) Pnrollie that Upon the borei,wer't assIgnIng. selling, 0ther- goIng to oppose the gentiomafl'e amendment when the gen- with the solI-eonaernation progranl and to protect the soilcould have told Ihem ihat all dIllon bloom,, Ire whIte nil,, wloeirnlloteeeing tIre mew, o. ally interest therein, without the tleman get.e through; and it he Is through now. I will rluo fertility. ri'llsciltUt the Oeorelafl. or upon Invoiseitary Inflator or sale. Soot day arid red Ihe nest.How far do you think itlr"eloll tile sceretary 4057 Sedate 1110 amorlst t.apalri UnnsanaIely do. lit opponitlon to the amendment. Mr. PETERSON of Georgia.Mr. Chalemon, will the gen- would get teachhttg soatheerl farniers hoW 10 groW 'Ii tInt? .00 pa; ohilt Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Mr. Chairman, will tIme genteman tlettsats yield? doubt If one of thetn could go into Iho State oftIlaLi:ll:tl citill inalninient pnreided toe in tIn. section absil prohibit yIeld? Me. COOLKY. Not at thlu point.With further referenceteach those fariileeo how to rater ellen; rlr Into Kanisirs 11111 the propaymeot of oily sun. due under it I yield to tire ge,itinrtiati freon Missouii. Me. BIEIIMANN. to tile suggestion that there should be some supervIsIon, ap-teach them Irow to roise wheat 'l'lieinosbi.'WIlhiII Mr IIIERMANN. Mr. Chairman. I oiler an amendment. Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Front the dlocustioti of this billit parently my dlsihnguiuhed frIend front IowaI Mr. Btge- agricultural euperl.sus that too rntatry ofthclit a me oh-c. 1ie Clerk read as follows: appears there will be about one of those faj'ntlnf or each i.oeel ooerloklku the fact that in practically eoery agricul- hural county In the UnIted Staten we have a county ogent,educated aird anderleolmred. Annrr.Iimt'llt offered llf Mr SlnIIoeO: P.8. a, lIne S. tnaefl; county throughout the country. Ifeel that we are approuchltng this farnti IllIlilirnI fruit "Iii Ut In tuclt runs and conlain Such prooltlonecOttditlofla. Mr BIERMANN. Tlrat wouid be true if they were dtvided and I suppose that most. If not all of them, are graduateuthe wrong angleWhile, at I said, tills nle:isimn e willillill ir,,lllllnl'ua a. may lie necessary tO float' e that the trdrtowrr eoenly. but there Is nothing In the bill that requires that. of agrIcultural colleges.We have the eatension uervlce. will corltorm to such farming 1leacticco and method. - the hen- Dorm tIle gentleman tlalnk It is wise as far as itflours,it certutnly does trot reactrlirefirclln,l',' enl.lrytli.lt1lrescrtlle. In order tilal. ductng the fleet I yenta the Mr ZIMMERMAN which is rendering a fine servIce to the agrIcultural people trouble. Wentokr'a lulidowoen of orne tenont a year lii'all 11,1to to citttt. the ltilrrowett tarmiog O1lcttiilifll nnat be awn-at ttsi,, tIme to tstabiihil a bureau to lurttiah an eslalet lid- of the NatIon.Cotild it be wished that she Federal Oovermn- county. while large mianibets of handowln'rs are iiiaiie trliiiil oilily ,ll,iiiltiiietoetloltie hitsto carry out puccesetulty thevIler for one farm In each county in thIs country? Dues not mlnnt would add to hIlls great list of gont'mlrmentltl entpliiyees. raotl,i,bltrl lIlieS or OWilee.11ip aUiI hi. aodertouinga under tIle loan by having their f;mrnmrs sold ringer lllIIelgnmce.'hill ,.,iIInw0 the gentleman thInk we should walt until the plan is droel- and, aa my distirhguisited friend f ruin Missouri has suggested, tlmat there ho sonieihltig weormg with oar ccrrinrinnirc psi Inn-S oped further? employ another corpo of governmental eais'rtu to go on asontethiltg that goes far deeper thrill We 000 ilollr to rrllcll Mr. BIb]IMANN. Mr Cinairtnon. the amendment which Mr. BIERMANN. My amendment does not provide far loan's farm cvclY day and direct the activIties around his by passing legislation of this kind I propose isIts litre with the report of the farm tenancy that at all, and the bill does not provide for one beirr'flciitry farm end around his household?I believe the Secretary coolm.ttce attpolllled by the PresIdent.You will And this I will tell you what some of Ihitise trnrobln:sId' CIII,'Ill In each county. The bill sImply peocldcu for starting tlti In the deed of truot or mortgage whIch he will accept upon them Is oar taarog system. We bear a greatII,Iiaul,UL prnviuion tin page 12 of their report plan alouly and carefully and sensibly with a $10,003,000 Ill.' granting of a loan, could place certain broad conditions bardeilsirme taaes here in tIle 1105cc,people 101111 Lange lii- Tire phhiotophY of tile amendment is this' We are not appropriatIon lnsiead of going Into it on a big scale. amid my layIng down certain lequlrementu with refetence to the form, comos protest that their incolrre tool's ore too IrIgli. P1:01110 51)111tH the prottleits of tut'tsitsg a totlatst Into a tuecetsf 01 amendment provides that these men be glsen the advice and and If that in dinne we will accomptiuh what we want towho inilterit enoenlitus estrites p1 OlesI against trying ant i11 olenet -operator by niercly lending the man laO percent of the Ireip that is certainiy necessary to the mitjortty of thIn accomplIsh, heritance has.Mamtafacttirers of taaiirIrs prolcsi,Ig.ilmlst the collie of the farm he wants to buy. Sometimes weIn trrder that they may hose a Clsinoman's chance of paying Mr. KLEBERGMe. Chairnran, wtil the gcmrtielnan yield? highs lanes on lasuries.flat the Inigilest taxes lad II? only- would be makIng him worse oft tItan he was before. Weott the 100-percent loans on their forms. Mr. COOLEY,Yes. body In Anserica. accorditlg to IOn i000roe, is thgt paid by prirt'ilteiii thin bill for the lending of money to a fiTeat Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Do you not tirink it w,ll leqoirelii Mr. KLEBERO. Mr. Cllairman, tf We are going to pro- the fartnee who tries to ownt his honor,lierae ill pry it variety of people, tenonhu. sharecroppers, and people who advIser tot' a number of counties? vIde. In addition to credit, for the purpose of enabling the whether he makes any ineoirre or hot, or rho lIce Ills ilOttIr recently got a motor port of their living from farming, tnd Mr. O'CONNOR of MontanaMr. Chairman, willtIle tcnaot farmer to acquire a farmn and become a farm owrler, we are ietinllnil 100 percent of the value of the farm.It I. or both.If a niath owns a frserrn Woi lh. we aili :,,Iy, 0110 These peo-genileman yield? ct'rtoin restrIctions with rtfcrence to elIgibility, if we areand he owes $4,500 on it,ire 11115 IiIlaYItlI r'irSL OIlline not everyone who can pay out on such a loan. Mr. BIEI1MANN I yield. goIng to carry on a teltout for terming. agnritting those$4,600 and pay taxes, not On tItc $aOO eqully wllil:ir lie l.a., ple, as I said yesterday, are 01 two kinds.'flsey are eithcr lIe. O'CONNOR ol Montana.Done not the 11111 provids wiloln you are going to admIt to credit, does not the gentie- In tile farm, ifIt Is an equily, but lie ilas to pry lIne, urn turin wirn nicer owned farms or thi'Y are men who, having that the nroney lu to lee distributed on the boner of popula- nllrn believe that we Should open the whole bill and let some the entire foutn, valued at $5,000, enr'nnif his llllil'l lull oWfll'd fuents, hove lost them,It Is reasonable to suppose tIon? of the city folk, wlso would like to own faremlu, cotne under that these people, generally speaking, do not know every- Population and prevalence of farm ton- hIs stock die of sianatlour. as lIlac iliiPIInlln'iIIII clInIc ol 1110 They may be Itist Mr. SIEIOMANN. Ihe bill alto? deoaghl-straeken areas in tile lull few yt'aes. lhitlit about operating farms nuccenefuiiy. alley per State. but not per county. Mr. COOLEY.I quite agree with11w gemhrlctiron f coin That is the t cocos solute tn'suOis leil yrlo frIll kly 111,11I lIn as able to Ilium, they may be just so able to do the manual Mr. R.ANKIN.Mr. Chairman. wIli the gn'rrtieoran yield? Tearcy. dnr not wultt In OWI1 hyrid, thirstit Is Ices'aprIl lii'Ill W,rr vii tile farm. but tllat is not all tltatin required to Mr SIERMANN. Yes; I yieid 0,tIn'gentleniltll ibm Management .tid plan- 'flte CIIAIItMAN.'the time of 1111' gentl.'tmiotr froill NoltIl a taint tItan itis to Inwu vine. make a siicel'srf ill farmer'lllx'rator, Mississippi. tie farutice also ursys tlit'inilLIll ,,i111111,' .t rib ut .111)' Wily turn lhese fartners over to someiiody Carolinra hat expired. ning see essential to OUOO(53. Mr. RANKIN. Me. RANKIf4Mr. Chairman, It I, niy desire to Itroke Itbody ill the lJniln'd Stales atnrilirVallllbly 11.1CC.1 11011:1,tIn lii this amendment we propose that the Secretory of AgrI- else who could not make a livIng on the farm himself?TIne tIle avl'rt9e possible for every farnler who WIshes 10 dii so to be able toget his baIt IIiroogII.airli hun Irlstohint'.'llllll'IlllrIII rtittnlre. lIst of the enperience accumulated in that Depart- gentleman underestImatea the Intelligence of own tOo home,list wIthin we are attempting to cure the nrake lam an abstract, or :o llncooght loUl tin rifle Iiill html, for which we approprtaie tnillioris of dollars, and outtenant farmt'r Irindlenaust situatIon by making landholders oirt of tenantsIhat has nevi'r inn qrresi houndIi WI' enllilli Oil lilt oflire eapt'rienre of the Eatenolon Bureau and the State The CHAIRMANIs there objection to the request of lIe slrould also do something to reverse tile polIcy that is lowcut ralr, tohI' foi'nin'r ilnrWntni thi' II i'Y lnnirlln ilIlIll slId.,illu',nli agrlrullural colleges, shall nopply the bt,neltclaries ol this tile getntlelnlln I rotn Iowa to anrend the pending ainelldliielii? Itis Inaylnents out over II lotigir'rrllol yr'.i el, 111111 iu'IlIleIll Ill years wIth adoice and supervisIon, no Mr. RANKIN. Mr Chair.oao, I objected to that seqtichi. tnilbilig tenanls out 01 landowners by fort'ehoslng moi thanl's bill for a period of tIntilell' homes and rendering it imnposoible for ihem to noikeof ihuese addItIonal tllliri,'c'e. itnvnlil IdIII 10011' III lIlly 101.01.' that they may have the best opportunity poshibie to uucceed and t ask recognitIon In opposlUon to the amelidlilelit of the 1. lIt'ing on their own bIlls and pay their debl.s and laaes who now ownforins to held ihenrlI hillI ills lit1lIt!!lIlt, in the operation of their farms. gentleman Irom Iowa. tile While It Is said that tills measure would only proolde forI fear. to help soiriehaody elseOilyllnI'ulba&k Iln.'rI Ill' Mr rtopgMr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mv. COOI-EY. Mr. Chairman. t rise In opposition to owners Ibooe lost thrill Than a 1111111iinllki'110110 lltnl,IlII'. I yield to the gentleman from Kansas. plreelta.nIng land for one tenant a year In each coumlty, on an Mr BIERMANN. amendment. Ovee tee, it Is ihe beginning of a polIcy which If properly ntore dn'sltubie lund easer 1110 il101 C rilull MIllIe 1111,11 IL. Ill Mr IIOPE.Isitthe gentleman's Intention that this Tire CHAtRMAN. The gentleman from North Cii roillia. a caeci'd ottt. may result In enabling large numbers of people strive to purchase Inonnes. auperviolon shall belven only during the first 6 years? member of the comirilti.ee. In recognIsed for 0 minutes. right to lIon Itottrea who havelever been able to do so before. Again, the furtlrt'ris landtilt Ill-I' ilyillIotIt' IIlilt'illII Mr IIIEICMANN.Yes. Mr. COOl.EY. Mr Chairman, It seems we are in a I iln'lie've, Itowevi'r, ihilt we Illould remove satin' ofhe re- Iiroteehive lorill sysin'nti. wlihl'li in:IsIlnilln'rltt',i II111,111 One Member of the hour Iran jot Mr HOPE.It seems to me tlte gentleman ought tounique situation here el rictiollu conuormled in this Ior'snure 01 us to eulable I Ire par- aiinshmmistrisiionsold wlnin'Ii we 111111'1101 bIllnb)'i 11111 cliatige the form of his atiietiiimettt en So to make that moretaken the positlirn wIth reference to thIs bill that the House whlr'h I Ironer to get full tille to his land just las 50011 as lie esmi pay tirely get rid ofA tllrilt is Onlinntnenci irs, Ii11111 nh It1111111 specific, berouse it is not clear, the way I read tile amend-CommIttee on Agriculture has proposed a nsessllrc II out and free himself from any kInd of goverontental super- the peodticers Oil ihose matcrrsl,s for WIlIeR Ill,')'Onlnl,,i niemit, whether It Is durIng tire Itrst 0 years or durilsi the will, In eftect. put the AmerIcan tenant farmer Into a cofli- I lionto early as possible. in relurel.TIte ftaenirn'r has all inn:,to htnlllII,,lon:t pIne. gorernmental ttralt jacket.140w we have atrottse' entIre pl'rilld cornnlii'et'. For that reason I amopposing ihe oinendflnent ott.'red by ntilhlons of dolllrru are Ihiusweorin', felonI Inc(,llliiI'lst( Does Use gentleman want to gIve hIm agentieman. a very distinguished member of the I Mi liANKIN. reported tire gentleman from towa iMr. Biao.oh I,I fear he under- this country gflIrri'fluiy llirrnoglm IlilS Inl'tilllni lit 111111111 t taking tIle positIon that the bill which wc hove II,'lIlt',, life sC'litCllee? whom we eslininislon the unhelligenee of the avelage tenant farmer In tion that lr:vies a trnbulr,oilllrlt'i'l'ryIltlnlg Mr. HOPENo. I want to ijmit It to 5 yeaee. but I doplaces Intuiflelent regulations around Ihe person this collntry.He certainly undereslimates the lnielitgenee the ,ewaddlllng eloihes of Infancy Ill line IlnIlill IIIIII'. tilli h"li,'oe lire amendment does that. are .eekhflg to help.I believe If the Member, of the Hell'e ili liii' will look on page 4, sectlots 4, they will see that the comolittee tIlr! witito lenant farmers In the South. Those tenantn, The farmer tsihe victim ot Me RANKtN. Why give hIm a 6-year sentence? Section wImeir they become Iandowncea, do not need guardians to tell monetary syslem, We call itnil tIani,cOl'lIl'tnI.bl'i.Illl' Me II1EItMANNI nave no pride of authorship In Its. ha.. reached what might be galled a happy medium. them what to do, when to sow aad when to reap, or how touDder it our nlonctary supply can be cupailded orelllniilrlI,d a lilcilljfllrlit.Timwording is litmataterial to me, 4 of tire bill provides, among other things: 6551 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 29 1937 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6555 at the wilt of the Federal Reserve Board.riley respond processtng agencies of thooe commoditIesA man In Kansas to the requests or demands of private banking lnuLltUUonA preventing the farmers from willIng their property and giv- become worthies, for cultIvatIon and hsve be,'n d,'serted by looks out of hIs window 05cr g vast field of wheat, while be ing them wholesome counsel and advice. all therefore espand or contratt the currency to meet U. cola shredded wheat prepared lh Chicago A tomato grower But there ix no way the farmers to bei-onie tetlalits upon Other I;iicd Under which, by giving advice, encouragement, or otherwise 'this Is not a cilarge against furimit'rs, 1101' ai:ulrist (,i,i,s', ih.n..nils vi great financial Institqtions wIthOut eegkrd toIn aoulh Misslosippi ut., down to a meal and eats tomato to hold farmers who are In debt on their farms. Itsir,aSlrous cIted liixni the Nations unprotected (tinier,.cataup invariably put up ill Pittsburgh, Pa., while a corn so a class of people,ItIs only oil oversight.lIlt it,,,h,'J lip There wea a fanner Us my district with only a debt ofall, which mold not ho we be.'.,lOch 'l'lo'y are silting wheat and cotisirs today at practically thefarmer in Nebraska or Iowa eats cornflakes processed in Iwo-thirds on hi, farm, In iitll.ici I'11,-u by saute p11cc they sold it during the Taft adinhicistratlon, when Bathe Creek. Mich.; and all of them pay at least 10 time, He disappeared one dark night ,salurai ucieliliat, amid .:rllli'a I alilsii-,ilv lii hull' iiiIi-' ,.iid,c toils beruhuic so bad in tile agricultural States that the gild of ten 100 times or 900 times as much for the processed alien love and Innocence alem'ps and when found later In ugatnst slid reiv.dI,'dAnd nosy tti.'loss slid Welt' 1,15.! farmers iii tile West revolted and drove that admInIstration another State, espialmslimg the cause of ills secret departure, gone too far to lie stopped exc,'pt by h"edci.il .ui,I product as they received when they sold inc raw matertal. said he wa, afraid that he would be made to keep his farm. troii, power And even now, with i Ito aiitatli,ig loss aild au-li' '1 lit' Vet they are pai lug two or three times as These processing eslaiillshment.a are controlled by cast To give th, farmer economic security and Independence loot. tar inatiufautured artIcles itow as they paid at that monopoliei over which eprawl gigantic holding companies, all fertility of our ric'ti furnil:ivd spin 10 be otcs'rv,',i IcyII,,' 01 which reach down Into the farmer'. peeket with one as a home owner, we must go back 1.0 fundamentals We world, tile Nailisi Is slanittmig aghast bmtioidiiug I tue s ati Whit I'. the nice of lists?it is the murilpulutlon of our tentacle and take froln him the pennies be should receive must go back to Orat principles. We must go back to theand eroded fields. atidis puusiiig to for,ciol.ihe a trogralli il.i,t,cvurrenry In 1913. the year that President 'raft went for the raw materIal. whle with the Other they reach Into source of the evIl and remedy tile cause of farm tenancy, the for conservation and I eelamulioui of uiuo'eft rI ii,' vol of office. there were approsinialely $34 per capita In the homes of the ult,mate eonusmmer. and exact their enor- cause which drove the farmer from his farni. The. farmi'rs ltvlmig upon thr1e0,lili0 SlId a,'l,'stat,.It,'. motley Iii circulation, or on the books of the Treasury. The Ple,t. we insist go hick to 1921-22, when, In the course of 51 rtcd the (arms homes of their all,c'sIlllstsali mous tributes In orerclsargel for the finished products In less than IS month, over 2,000,000 furatiers lost their farinu l"vdcial Reserve System was created, and they expanded that order to maintain and fatten these gigantic monopolies and of millions more acres dovimied io go, with ii,,' 011111 curl riley ulitll by 1920-It had reached $53 per capita, with and eIther became tenants on their own land or were com- not to exceed 3 or 4 years, and tIn' (arm twill stir ii'ci' lavuLs the Influences that control them. pelled to move and to live under etrange landlords. the result that aheat, cotton, corn, and other agrIcultural in amiuf Ion to all th.t, the farmer pays the highest utility will hi, lIkewise fun ed to leave their lionues to jiiiii liii baud Then foUowlng thha wholesale islovement of farmers leav- of wsndt'iing farms tenants eoiioiiouiities rose to the hIghest levels they have reachedrates that can be Imposed, limited only by Use amount the ing their farms to become wandering farm tenants, hundreds sirtie the Civil Wai Then the Federal Reserve Board traffic wUl bear, unprotected by his Government or his State. With these evil causes still operating to diet:i,'iiiit,'rs raised the redIscount rate, called Its loan,, contracted theTelephone rates have become so high that th, average of thosisand, of other farmers lest their farms annually until from theIr land, declaring econoluule security fur I tie I ienii'rc. currency, and drove commodity prices down to where they farmer has long since abandoned the use 01 a telephone. the army of tenancy had become a threatening menace to Independence for tile fanii home owners, and ioanhiug ti ciii soept away the homes of thosad, of farmers who wereElectric light and power rates have been so high lust, as a Ihe peace and order of the country. the full vaiue of theIr farms with interest, upkeep, amId tasi'a unable to pay the debts they had contracted while prices rule. It is like paying rent on isis farm if the farmer even it was In 1924 that the loaning Insurance comnloinlea. be-to Pay wiif not soive the probiem of farm iemiaulcy were high. They ncver can pay then. oil the present prIce aecures enough electricity to fuinish lights for hi, home, cooling landlords of their mortgaged farms. applied to ihe And there are Olher causes colitributilig to turitu 1011110, levels. depriving him of the use of a sufficient amount ofitto Agriculture Department to create a farm-manager bureauwhich must be removed and uvu'rcome and tiir lx IOu'S rc- They arc 011W required to pay the taxes and other 010g.-operate those appliances which make lisa income ideas- to educate men as farm managers to manage 20.000-acre i,eved from the burdens of wtuieh before tIny call assume farms or tracts with former farm laitdowner, as their debt obllgalions equal to tile whole value of Ilicur tiona that were made on those high prices of 20-cent cottonant, profitable, and attractive.If we would electrify every tenants. tarmuis, diii $2 a heat withil-rent cotton and $1 wheat.it cannotfarmhouse In America at Ui, standard T. V. Ps. rates, it and pay their Way to ec000iiiIc recovery said Independence be done, and this bill will not reach the trouble. would do the farmers more good than any other one thing Then, followIng this and between 1924 and 1929, farm con- One of these burdens la'artng upon tile farmer Is tile iii- If or would help the farmer to hold bin home and helpthat has ever been dune or attempted. ditions became relaxed and relieved and many existing tnort- equallty of the prices he receives with the prices tie is com- were changed, not by payment but by renewal of the pelled 1.0 pay for hiss supplIes and farm equipment, and lila- enlciprlolng tenants to purchase homes, we should force a These are the farsii problem. with which we must deal. old debt. ii'eapansion of that currency, to raise farm prices high We cannot cure the trouble by inducIng a few tenants to And followIng 1929 mod weie again fore- terials for repair, and upkeepide iuiust hare parity of enough to make home Owning safe and profitable. Thatbuy farms on credit when the farmers who own lalsd are closed end other mllllons of farmeru were dl,poa,esued as prices for what he has to sell and buy. owners and became tenants on theIr own land. It Is folly 1.0 loan to a tarnierI iie wiuole solve at a fit, iii would do more good than all the farm-tenancy laws (hi,unable to bold it and make a lIving for themselves and their These farmers became tenants not because the Govern- Congress could pass families. and expect hIm to pay tile debt slid heroine an iuidrpn'iudritt nuent did not loan them mltnu,y, nor because they could not hiime owner wIres the slime tarmer could nihsy tttriim,e- Another thing, our transportation system penalizes the We can cure tills trouble, but it wiu lake a major opera- inert and pay the atnount of Ihe nsorti:oge they promised Ia fanner to an unconscionable degree.'I'ise average farmer. tion. This mild ointment wUl not cure the cancer; we must half morigage on his farimuslid ass ei,uuitir'II,'d10 ulter pay, but because of the fali ot valves arid the price level foreclosure under tImcsr tonic crrlidill,,uls the avrrage human being In an agricultural 8tate, and espe-go deeper and reach the very root, 01 the trouble. whli'It co.nps'iled them to pay back to uiortgagees wIth two, cially iii tlte email towns. amid in the rural communIties, pays ThU Ia the richest country Us all the world. We have tO. To make tub lrgisiatlo,t a sucerss iii restitrilig l.ili,l,'r, bat three, or four tOnes tice famsi productu they had pronlised on the fariml they must lb-:,t liii gtvruie,'uiltliuhlltci .ibiliiy 0,0,1 she highest freight rates known on earth, and instead ofrlcheU lands, the finest soil,, art abundant rainfall, a gentle alid obligated tiiemso-iveu to pay. helping to reduce those freight rates, Congress has recently cilmale. and the finest rural population to be found In all be safeguarded agalnsl fail ot prices, niust bait' h"ed,'Ial aId the world.Yet we find that in UsIa twentieth century. this The farni owners becanse tenants because tinder the farm in reclaimIng toll fertility, anti nIllat have equality of prices gone on record fur the ao.called Pet tetigill bill th.t would values and prices their farms fell lii value Until the value of or what he has to sell and buy pitt those burdens higher.No wonder tenanlu are being age of education and progress, when mankind baa gained the faum home niorteaged to only oise-lsail of Its value s'ils made out of landowner, in every State in the Union tnfltiitely the greatest ascendency over the forces of nature ever 'i'm'Ithoimt i'estoring norunal tiii'muiI',iiueswit h,rtmI sictl,tl 1/1110 now lisa than tile mortgage debt, or cullingf or two orfarnl prices undi'r which to p.yti,':.,' 1.1 clii it, lit,.. noire rapidly than this proposed measure would make land-known in all the ageawitb all these advantages, we see our tlarte tUnis the flirnI products and labor to p;,y. ill W-iliuu,sL owners out of tenants. farmers driven from their faumu by abnormal prices for censx'rving the iciaturees of ('ruins' Iatutd sad a'.u:.iotg still lie- UiItiI farmsallies are made vIable1114 unchungiiig It15 tilaly, loaning nieiuey to the lii utters to boy a tau in ii 'ii.ty Again, we find the farmer Is bled white by mnnopoiles.it what they must buy. depressed prices br what UIeY sell. fitly to put farmer, bark on fiirnis undi'r mliortgages eiuuat- a iii ezorbitaaat taxes compared with theIr meager Incomes, in- be only a valmi gestore or Iuanu'ujvu'r, aitd tau Iiilet aitcy 0411 is a signlhtcant coincidence that where monopolies have lng their full value and eapeet Ihem 10 and become remain a growIng cvii lonosirow. clown and expanded the prosperity of the farmer has dl- terest rates all out of proportion. indirect fazes on every- lAitlilJU,',e I owners and regain so-called economic securIty and become Mr. JONESMr. Chalrmun, Ilinidemslcirtd minislied and farm tenancy has IncreasedThese vast thing they purchase. and their very lives regulated by ir.depcmident house owners. It etc lviiilie remote controL several aunendmnenLs to this sect out, I ask ilmi,u uulilit,te, cli- itionilpolirs relic the prices of everything the farmer has But rsetore farm values and the price evil to thui'ir formi'r sent that all debate on the iilli,'ndimii',i t oliu'ni'uI by to buy and then turn around and Ow the prices of the things We cannot cure this situation by inducing a few penplo I lie belt- In buy farms on credit, but we must go to the root of tile Slid normal state and farm laborers will azalum save, boy thomas from lows now close auicj LIlut we hive a soleon tIle the farmer has to eil below the cost of production. lllumselves a farm of liss-Ir own, and pay their mortgage amendmnent, Take the dairy farmers. fur instance, and you all find that trouble and take from the back of the farmer thou. burdens debts and achieve ecomuolnic security without Goverrunent which selfish interests have placed upon hIm and gIve hills 'l'he CHAIRMAN. 'Thu gi'nll,'mu.iiifi,,uiu're cisit' .5 practically all the processora of dairy products .rc In aome 01 other aid. unanimous conao'hlt that all deb,ilu' till kind of combination that enables monopolieu to control thethe benefits xiade pousible by our modern civilization, pro- I litu' ix'tcIjtig U net, tect him from oppressive monopolies, and permit hiailto aims supporting this bill, not in the hope of gIving nment do now close,Is there objection? prIce of milk as It leaves the farmers' hands, wills the excep- tiicmeeg eco.solliic aecurl(y but to support Use prllsutiple of tioli of the cllOperatis'e creamerics and cooperative cheese share UI the us. of our natural resources. Then the farlllor Mr. WADSWOR'rlf, Mr Ctiairniaiua piirii,i,ui,',urury In- will become prosperous and Independent. We will then stop farms relief and to hold the farmers on the land Until quiry. piarits ond other farm 000perativewhich the farnsero con- Congress can recover the control of the publIc currency of The CIIA1Iti1IAN. trot themsu'lres. making tenants Out of landowners by Impoverishing the 'I'll,' Ii''iitli'olsli Will silt' It IC nit tIle country and thereby gtablllae values and prices. Mr. WAl)SWOhtl'ih.Did Iulitiu'i slalid Look at Use cottonseed industry and see how It is con- man who tolla, but we will make It possible for the The esuscs drIving mhlllona of farmer, from theIr farm, lilt' OIl Il'lil,iil toiled by a vast monopolyMeasured in bushets. the cotton- landowner. to retain their homes and for she entei prlolog from Iowa had unsnlliiluus eoiisu'mlt 10 aimlenil ius aJil,'iI,i tAppli.u,e.I and country hsonses to become rovIng tenants must be first Inent? sced clop of the South amount, to about two-thirds of thetenants to acquire land of their own. ru'inoved and overcome before we can restore farmers back wheat clap of tile entue United States Mr. GRAY of IndianaMr Chairman, we hear men tutk The CIIAI1OMAf4,'That wa.s tihur'uiiilit A bushel of cotton- upon the land and keep them there and rescu, agriculture to there objectioui to his' Ii'qult'c,I Ii ilti' s,. d has more' food valuc than a busiuu'l of wheat, yet the very assurisigly about giving economic security to ilis, farm- flour the menace of tenancy. j,',u, liii (iii, But there Is no economic gecurity br 'l'exiia? pitici ssors of ri,ttoiisc'rd products are controlled by great ers who are in debt. Out the evils of fluctuating nioney valuu's, the evil of fail- ns,,vcpolies that Os the price of cottonseed far below their the farmers in debt under eatstiiig conditions today. Mr. COIL_SEN. Mr. Cli:Iirmuiiiti. li'',u'lv 111(1tile 111:111Ii, tilt. lug values and the price level. are not the only evIls to 1st jeet, Can time chairniami ot Ih,: ('1,1111111 ii',' rio value. thu. robbing the cotton farmers of millions We hear men holding Out the hopa to thC (amusers. iaiial" li'iluedied to stop amlgmrntlng the arimly of farm terlsnlu In- iiiAt'rit'rt list 'u, vi d,,Ilat,, enry lear. and niakliiit tenants out of landowners ing under mortgage debts, of independence au home owners. fiurns us whether there Isally hiltsSlblItly it.'t'utt'ttllu,,i'II,,' creasing now year by year and crestumig a greater menace Federal Banking Act ."o as ho luu'rlul it hy the thousands. willie we pass a bill here to make out but there is and can be no ouch independence with tug farisI thimi ever before. I li,'.Se tituS'. OIlS lu",' l,indoau,er out of one tenant In each county each year cr0 In debt under existing conditions reserves to 1104 ry in t,'ilttli'l'Iutsa juSt calico i'll Agt leuliural lailii In the Uiutted liiateu is fast losing the meet the problem 'l'lie bankers c'touI,i Loi.b at your wheat and con. farmers and ate how they The gentleman from Iowa IMr. Bsxauanal has oliered an i"i'illcty of lice soil by erosion and Water currying she fri lit'ito,u-i Ice air plundered by the great monopolies that control tile amoendaixot to hold the farw.ra 10 debt on their larnla by - method of Insuntinee such as Was v'.t',iilllie I i,:ie.,icu' iii tilIty from the land, unto over 50.000,000 acres of land have gralsm.Aod nosy I say lu ttllu CitlillectIull 11511liii' lutIst ti'J 6556 CONGRESSIONAL RECORDHOUSE JUNE 29 1937 CONGRESSIONAL RECORDIIOUsE t5i7 banker. more than any other Individual, Is usually familiar Mr. CRAWFORD.I thInk It Is very InterestIng to observe Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanlnious consent that payment? Sear In silnd you lure mlvi dollig a teriahil 0 furor s,llli Ihe ability to pay and the rharaci,er of the averaae that the man who has a first mortgage an his farm pays alt du'loite on ihuls asnendmu,nt close In 6 minutes. When you load hIm down with IOU- Percent lmld,b lb.. The pending bIU The CHAIRMAN.Is there objectIon to tbe request of the luauIn his community.If wcould open this great 00111cc 4 percent; a second mortgage, 6 percent. If the fariui owulees sill, today are (unslung 1111 Iiliar I Cu:, provides 3 percent on loans made under It.Other branches gentlelnan from l'esas? of only 50 and '15 mo'eru'lit of lull' s'itlUe Of II clv (11111'.Ii!' of idle funds inhis country It would help tbe .iluation Tlieu r was nIl objertluin, id y it1011iit seem, tolie of orgaiiiru'd Industry get as low as three-fourths of 1 per- hi.vhmmg dulhliatly iln:ii,illug111110 farnulsi,'01111:11 to:', Mr JONESThere are, uf course, various ways in which cent and I percent per antiusu'ntisis supposed to be Mr. MASSINOALE. Mi. Chalriuian, I move to strike out do you eupv'ct a loan to ahicreeml wuth ii100.111 relIciIl,l1[- the Pinking Act nilght be amended. but I would rather not social Insurance, social lending, social rates.What do we the last word. gage? puss joilgissent on that as itis within Use jurisdictIon of call rates of lrmtereat sucti 53 one-fourth of 1 percent, one- Mr. CIsais'snass. I find from the discussion of this bIll that By the allollllluuu hit lIdsllhIeIldh,il'nt yI,im sill lull, III,,! ball of 1 percent. and 1 percent? we must all be kjmuofolk In America. Down In Oklahoma tills the rrv'miiltubluteLllmili'iI St liEu's 000erlismc'lil 'Iii,' .1101 tier ronluillttee Is a maul fertile field for oratory. The CHAIRMANIs there objection to the reltuest of Mr lsoILEAU.I submit to the genlieman that the cost I find tisat mount be true 000ermunlelut hisslieu, iuokmsg litter the di!ll.ssoil., .1 should be 1 I'.percent.This bill if properly adminislered, all over thIs Union tram remarks I have heard In the dis- our people for the himsi tcw yt:ors, 1usd It isliIlsliii,,' the gentleman froni Tesas? cussion of this bIll. There was no objection. I hope It will be, ran be carried out so there will nat be the people of limem'ilumil ry to help honk afIre dIsh I ,':.sII, Ills Mr RIERMANN. Mr. Chalrniati. I ask unaninioUS con- any luau to the Treasury at that rateI do not believe there Wily is It. Mr. ChaIrman, that all of a sudden there Is a of tIme Federal Gsvm'riumnrnt tAplutauisr I sent, inasmuch as so much debate has intervened since theis any justificatIon for saddling around the necks of these flood of oratory In this House eulogising the farmer?Tills Mr. O'CONNOR af Momutanhm.Mr. Chaunnoll, 15111li, go- auiendment was reported, that the Clerk may again read people, who are practIcally destitute, an Interest rate of 3 Congress has been In existence fOr almm,ut 150 yr, and weUeman yIeld? the amendment (or the information of the House percent. have kept the farmer oui.slde the pale during that time. Mr. COFFEE of Nrbrasbs,I shall be ph sariSto ciii Without objection it is go ordered. Oh, It will be sold that these are lower than he ran got Now he has become a kind of hero In Congress.I wonderwhen I finish my slatement. The CHAIRMAN I submIt that it 10 lower than thg There was no objection almost any other place. If It is not due to the fact that we Isa,. lust recentiy dl.. The farm tenants and slian'eropper,u in tIlL', euuiutryill The Clerk again ecutit (he fliu'emann srnendment. farmers can get, but it is nat as low as many of the privi- covered that we are lIvIng (is a land of stemmIng giants whosoon re.iiae that, even with $Mt.000,lilso a >1-or ailpr,iulrl,,l,ui liie ('IIAIRMAN.Tile questionis on the asiiendinent leged groupa In this country can get.I oubmil. furthermore, inky suddenly awake and deuiaasd recognitIon of theIr rIghts for thIsPUl5mmIbi'. lesstliaiu 1 percent ofIIm,'uul,ii,uI.l Ic oileru'il by tile gentleman fromIowa that If we are going to give any help to Uieae people It mast before (lie Congress of the United States? financed to purchase a forth I 'fully reatirelila ilury 'lust a,nt'Iidanemst was rejetled. be by way of reducing the itileri'st rats! that has been ratIng I lIve in a farmIng district, Inhsblted'by the very pIck of UtUe af thIs mummimmey wuhi reachNeIiroaiva. My l,lllr,-llcii'. Mr BOlL,EAU.Mr. Chairman, I otter an omevdment. up all of the profits of agrIculture far so many years. the men and women of America.These folks have been to prevent, as far a.,Iraui, the iiiaugu Ill iuui ciiulu'.,,ia:, ii Tile Clerk read as follows Mr. PETERSON of Oeorgia.Mr. Chairman, I rise In demanding recognition arid we have not given it to them. elperimnents by time I'bileral Ciovrrtunicumt ilmat suayIii lie future lead to such vast apiuropllatloums lime Amfld,ilcuui cfled by Mn Doll ann' On pag. 5. lIne 0. altar II. oppooitiomi to the ainendnsent. Mr. Chairman, I am goIng to support tills MU, not because is to ihliiu,uiu all, en itnpilenr*ii. .ec004 time, aidS. 001'3 5511 Mr. Chairman, I was delighted to hear the statement of I believe It carries any worth-while 'recognition of the farm- credit of the Federal 000rrnsiciit, lllsnct in lieu hOled the gentleman fronm Mississippi a few miiiuteo ago that this el's. or glvrs them any real service, but becamsae It makes a The farmers in sly State are mmlii aoklllg f,,e this lm''i Iii. bill does not touch the vital questIon that now aflects the crack In the wall of eaclusion tisat has held them out for tlon, They are more Interested Imu lii in prices II 1.1 rlliliug Mr BOII.EAU. Mr Chairman, the amendment Is sell- In reply to quesl Ions asked me Is profitable, the owners and ts'ihshmts alike arm' prosperumi.s eaptatiatoryIt pruvudes for reduction In interest rates from American farm population these 150 years, In (is. hope that crack will grow larger and Many Members, especially by other Members while I was speaking a few mInutes ago, after a while no,nethiisg will be done of substantial worth 'I'here are in Nebraska today mumurmy Lesianlo SIlO, If they 3 percent down to IIpercent may I nay that in reality from an economic standpoint, to the farm class In America. wanted to, camild buy an reasonable trnmso ttisr lorors they those from agrli'ullueal sectIons have in recent year, made are operating apeerti after speech tlPOIl ihe stump In which they said that what this piece of legislation does to those who conic under Lgt me teU you somethIng further.You go up to DetroIt Most of them air wise in moltiuuri'hi:isiiig they believed that Interest rates Were too high, that theIts Influence and effect is to decrease rather than Increase and that manufacturIng district and you have a citizenship untIl they are flnanciaUy able to ossUuuir hue risk amid me- farnirl wed, bring obliged to pay too much in the form oftlseir cash net inconte, that Is torn asunder, You do not know whether that flagsponsiblilties of Ownership, Interesl; and a good many Members boor said that they Mr. LUCASWill the gentleman yield? that floats there Is Ill danger In the Detroit region os not. By requiring only a lO-perceurtmlayniemit,110 cue i'n,ilit I decline to s clvi contend that the Governnmemst was not viterilll', U lull, .11,1). would support the provisionu of the Feaoier-I,emke bill. One Mr. PETERSON of Georgia You go to tIme farmer, of this Union. gIve them a new toe-. Mr. Chaurmall. I call the atleiltlon of Uie Mi'itibers of the hold, give them a place they ieny call home, and then pro- eral provisionWithout tlsis provision, nilmoy Ienuivhs will of tile illlliorlant provisIons of the Frazier-Leuske toll was 1100cc to a table that Isas been prepared Irom tIle census 01 tact them wIth something like root of production and abe encouraged to assume the rcsph,rlslhjllhtil's of owsei hIp that 1111cm est rates should be Ils percent I appeal to you Who will nat lie able to pay lhmc'ir limes arid Meniblis who 115Cr made such slatrmenls in the tampalgn 1030, whichIs the last complete farm censuo available, and decent farm program and you have all abIding faith for the isiti'rostmist I may say incidentally in that year the fuirni ins'ome oiity flag of this tJnlon and America will always be smite, hAp- eventually will lose theIr forums thruiplu fore, Iu:,ure II:,,I to tkc this opportunity, which may be the only one af- they remvined as teimants until lIlly hail :uceitoiulalc',l',m II- forded you during this 'sesolon of Congress, to reduce thelacked about 4 percent of being upon a parity with the in- plause.i duslilol income of this Nation. This cr11505 shows that dur- tHere the goodfeil.1 dent funds, stock, slid eqiilpstruml. tti.'y pit Imops o'i,iml,I interest ratesAt least give this help to thuwe who WIll be InC that year lhr aveiage faenm laborer who labored as a osade a success of tIle vcnl Ore.Seiile ls'ouldiulliI,llibhi hit beiirtttvd tuiider the pro1lslons of this bitt. The CHAIRMAN. The question Is on the amendment trnant had a monthly net cavil income of $28 per monhii. sIt reed by Ihe gentleman from WisconsIn IMr. Boim.auot.be much better off rcuiling the hand on it sli7c' b;uiis si Th,ii. coo, in a ri'cl'lit message delivered to Ike Congress,while the average farm operator who owned his own faimn the ownrr shared in tIle loss froro lii iiui,'Ill ,haul, gru,.sl,,,p- tIle President of the United States said that oiie-illlrd of our TIle umemtdment was rejected. and huad a niorlgace oilitrccriveih ats average net cash Mr. COFFEE of Nebraska. Mr Chairman, I offer an pers, and oilier hazui'dshot arm' otisays mu iiirisut to tIc' pevilli' were ill-housed. ill-nourtuhed. and Ill-clothed He income of oisiy $20 a nuonth, or $8 less than tile truant farmer in many sections of tills' roillilil'. inciSe ifie statclocnt that a large percenlage of our people amendment, which I send to the Clerk's desk. Iii the Slate of North C:teolina. from whemsre romeo tile TIle Clerk read as follows: 'niece Is no omme more ilml,'rcslemj lit osoIttlIritIll,' were ucidi'rprivileged.here today we are attenipttng. in agentlemaii who asked me questions preriously. we find that of this country than I untIl.11'orly- 11111,' tIl'lri'lll iii' II,,' very treble way, itus true, to give some relief to a large Asieouim.sent oitzved by Mr. Corvsr or N.'brueba: P0g. 3, lImo 23, em's ims Nebraska ale ti'llalht,s. but I tIle average net cash income of the tenants In tOSS was $tI trier this woes "enne..". Insert "or at) peroest in clad ill cut ilial I port of that underprivileged class.If you subscribe to the per month, while the average net cash inronie of the owrieu - tenants are geiting aloulg lost as Oril IstIlt' own 'is II we Prcsidetut's views in that respect,If you subscribe to the opem'ator, whose lund was mortgaged, was $7 per month, or Mr. COFFEE of NebraskaMr Chairman, this amend- make forming pi'olll able, iticce stilt b'' iii,I itilii IIll mnent Is offered for the serious consideration of the Members theory that a large percentage of our people need this asuist- $4 less than the tenant. Nebraska.'Flue tcil'as,ls sIlo 0,1101 to buy a tic ri will I,, ance and for that reason are going to vote for this bill, it Mr. Chairuluan. we are not potting liioae farmers In a po'i- of the House.'1 be amendment loot by a small vote In com- to make tIme tO-pm'rcent dowit 1iu5'lIui'Ilt Slid IlL,' mIttee, mdv,u,ilj7e seems to me you should be consistent and ohould support of the luberal teesms prorideut mltills muii"usiure. tton ot economic loudependeusce. We are siusmisty paupvl 10117 We are embarking on a new program that will involve all altiendllielit that would reduce the Interest rates down to and putting them deeper into serf doisi If tubproposal Is Mr. O'CONNOR or lifonlana,WIll lit,'1111111, lil,lll31,1,1 l.0 pvucrnl. pot Into operation. this Oorernment In tIle ezpenditiire of mililons, If not bil- for Just a question? Otie atsd a half percent Is enough interest to be paid to There has been mentioned during the dcbaie on this pro- lions, of dollars.The question Is.If we embark on thIs Mr. COFFEE of Nebraska.I yiriil, beli'lli', l,,r a il:ie'.l 11,11 tile Oul'ernnlent to Insure that the operatiolis conducted posal the grrat work that has becn done in the mlaticn of program, are we goIng on a reasonable basis, or on one that Mr. O'CONNOR of MolitaituiIs IIimot 0 fail ii,,t I", ,l,'eol uiidrr the bill will not coot the Federal Treasury one red I may say to the mesul- no one can defend as being round from a lending stand- Land bank lends ilmolley on III.'bust:. of 75 pli Cliiiclitile t)enniark under a sunlilar proposal. point? riOtTill- Federal Treasury can get this money for less bership that for over 30 years Denmark has been foliowliug valuation mif tile P1 olsert)'? ttililII apercent, md I submIt to you that they shoulda very shnuilae. yea, an almost idcnlucol. program.I qooie Under (lie provisIons of this bib it is proposed to loan 100 Mr. COFFEE of NebruisbllThe gIll l,'ie,iilIs cc lie, III If, perchance, percent of time value of tie farm, luii,i mills none> to the Iarnlrrs at tills rate. from a periodical ihat was prepsred and Issued bytime Bear in mInd there ace the Federal land-bcink lou Im amid ci,ilhln r.Mhii,e r llI,lliIa 11,111' Ike cost of adinlnlstratloll should be proportionately unduly approzhmnately 3,000 coummtles In the United States, arid that toned.The 11'edm'rah laud bank is now selling to tuirl,hi,l United States t3epaetnmcnt of Agriculture: at $6,000 per farm It would require $15,000,000 to finance tiieh bci':illsc of ooe eltort to do a big job with a little bit of Iie5iooiimg in 1500 nod avnll'qsellt lull ervnia allieS thatli,flI'. nmost of the farnis they hod to I like oci'rTtmi'y liltlieu cc, ilnfle'Y.it, perciialici', the udniinistruiive cost Is eucesulve, Denucark lull,'. pitIed iCc. Pro, idijig for Ocverl,lmlellt 101,111 to ll,,0 Just one tenant (is each county,It would requIre about not sell unless thcy have a subotalillal doomu pat m,ieo lottic lbs uiilluioilai cost around the necks of the sudulais cur vile aeqlulultlolu Or ivisd 01111 collavrs( 1101, 01 ai1uidi,vO $14,000,000.000 to finance .11 Use 2.660,000 tenant farmers 1mm do In my juulginent It is a unislake to aluihvrlze OIlY i",l I 1 ivmle iou are gviiie IC ht'lit.I stibmit to you that If we All tile lows have mlellsiulehi II,. ks,iha I sei,vrr sum ,icmuoanliY isrIl,' the UnIted States,To finance1 percent of them would agency to loan 100 maccent of tile pmlielia,se lirlre i,f a pars of the mist ci the powe up to 00 pereemit. al,d require apprazlomately 9140.000.000. shout 1 loller plus fur therelief of sharecroppers arid th, nt 'lest raid has bs.iuCouisisielitiy io* We have provIded undue titleIl fur relmuibi litiu I il,imlull., furls irtinL.s, if we Cult do the job tharging not more than Do you want to commit the United States Government to whIch arc Juuslified.The Inoilcy pot imtio the pmmirll,hse 1,1illS 11-ii,'rc,'tii Iiuieiesl, ugain referrIng to the siutement of the What did they find after an eslisustive survey? a program where It will lend 100 percent of the purchasefarm would perhaps take care of 10 ichablilIlillall Cill'ill.5 Pri',iitrilt of Ike United States, the lime to do that job Ia On. of she gme.ieuv draw-buck, to prvsiablr vpeeoiivn vi llrll prIce, or would you prefer a more sound program which will I oubmlt that If you want tills trnant procruis ho 51 lii Iielinuark iS silt aug11 prim of land. casted principally byheavy provide for lending only 80 percent of the purchase prIce wltiuout crIticIsm and to have the suphtoet of lime rlicluhlmylim MiCI1AWP'OftL) Mr. Cluaienian,will the gentleman thus resimmtrhrmgtOme tenant to put up a 10-percent down 7661. tO cool., you wIll vote for my ammieuimhjiic'imt.'CLIII h",lImmlllt yield? What did they find in thelc summary? (JAIl 414 Mc. BOILEAU.I yield, Were lIme gavel feil.i 6558 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JuNE 29 1937 CONGRESSIONALRECORD-HOUSE 6559 justify authorizing a Federal agency to loan 100 perceot of Mr MAHON of Texas.Cortainly; and we provide that DId we consider that thin farmers were desecrating the flag Mr. WARREN Mr Chmainttsn, I rise meri'iy to yl,ilithl,lt the porchase price, but you can justify your posItion In they ntusbe flrst.claoa risks. of the United States of America?NotThat sante element I do not wIsh any time on that,artteutar any',idnui',,tb.- aultiorleifla loans not to exceed 00 percent of the purchase Mr. 'FHOMAsiON of Texas. Mr. Chairman, will the gin. toilay Is in the city of Detroit.Thmo Is the element that has cause I kilderstauni It is entirely siuhlslactury 0 itw grill itliii theman yIeld? worked Its way Into the labor movement lii America end itfrom Texas iMr. Jones I While I have tOte flooriiiiueoi r, Yes. Is the els'ttie,it that labor Iesqrrs must take out of Its ranks. bccanism' of hulihuiry mnised by many Mi'nibi'rs, t aiiiiniinre liiiit I lIy'l e the gavel f.'tII Mr MAIION of Texas. Mr MAHON of TexasMr Chairman, I otter an amend- Mr. TSIOMASON of'l'eaas.Does notthe geniteman The cIty of Deiroit and the good peoiile of Detroit are not I shall offer avery important clarifying aniiendmnr'iit to si. iii,tt n-mt to the amendment offered by the gentleman from think that If his anienihmnent Is adopted a down payment desecrating the flag of Aitterica.It is the comnsmrlutldc.. 43 101cr I uiidcrstansi theme is no objection to time ps'iisiti.t Nebraska Mr CorceOt. would represent aome evidence of good faith on the part of went that has crept Into labor that is desecrating the flag. amendment The Clerk read as follows: the tenant and some evidence' of a serious intention and pur- It Is bent on destroying not only the labor nsovement but Mr. JONES. Mr. Chialiunan,I have no obji:tii.o to lii.' Arnrildment otiered Of Mr Minor. or Trial to tile amendment pose to male tise farm a suecesa? the very prInciples upon which this democracy is founded. asnesmmlment. and I ask for a vote. (TerrA by Mr Caere. id NvOrsakaAfter section 3. p5g. 'a, sink. Mr. MAHON of Texas. The gentleman Is eminently cor- I have always been a frIend of labor, and I well remember The CHAIRMAN. The question Is on agre. togt lie out00 pereeoi" and ibsen '95 percent' rect. when the United MIne Workers of America was a real or-amendment offered by Mr W (tIc MAHON of Texas.Mr. Chairman, like the genUeman [Here the gavel fell I guistzatloes.nd I am weighing well my wordawben John The amendment was agreed to. (Toni Nebraska iMy Correct, for whose jutiginent I have Mr. HOPE.Mr. Chairman. I rise in opposItIon to the L. Lewis was at Ue bead of that organIzation, and when he. The CHAIRMAN. The Clock will rcpott the mint iutoiiid- l,gh irgard. I represent an agricultural district,I represent aznendnteflt offered by the gentlenian from Nebraska lMr. In no uncertaIn terms, condemned certain communistic lead- meist. 25 01 the best farm couiities In Texas.I cannot express too CornEt. ers md drove them out of that miner.' organizatisis because The Clerk read so follows: Mo. ChaIrman, this bIll, of course, does not requIre that he saId they were then for disruptIve work from within, and sironiy niy interest in helpful farm legislation and a wise It p'roilta loans Anteodmost 00,-red by Mr Pair: Pam:,' 5.tll.,i'li faint program.I am especially interested In a farm-home- loans be made to the full value ot the land. sow when an those very Consmunhsis he condemned? They "III COnlat.. a ai.i.er by time bonoaer of aulit iii,,,,! LII, up to that amount, but It specihlcaily provides that preference ate the first lieutenants of John L Lewis In the C. 1. 0. to- susider tile tans. of the not spprosed Aimgnat 25. tW'J, iii. owiierstiip piograin to eonibat the growth of farm tenancy.shall be gIven to (he farmer who is able to make a down eei.end to. slur Fnasnr.L.ouk. Act. a. agaulusi tue 6 ci.,n, y - Ietiret to report (lint 01 percent of the farmers of my dli- dayPhil Murray, John Brophy, Powers lispgood. and ggslcultun mmlii be Ii. paid, am000 asIa pnesnst or uJie no.000. payment. Other., Re cannot deny It.Why the change of heart? ibis calms. of (be (aria" (net hove as yet been unable. lairoly because of adverse Now, ax has been saId a number of times In the course of clicurosaoces and low prIces for farm products, to become it is an tat me nay to you that while I was back In my district Mr. JONES. Mr. ChaIrman. I reserve the point of order sisiii-isof the (arms they cultivateIt goes without sayIng thI, discussion, this bill Is aim eapermnsent, and IS some of the real, honest C. I. 0. labor organizers came to me experiment. I feel the Department of Agriculture ought to and begged me to use my Influenc, to base the C. 1.0. and Its upon that amendment. tiiai I ssouid not faeor atiyiliitia I thought would be InjurIous The CHAIRMAN. to the (armers of my distrIct.Such an attitude would be have an opportunity, under the provisions of the bIll, to make leader. take these Conimunhot. as oeganisera out of that 'flue Clerk will repom t time neat siiiv lid- It somewhat flewlble. There may be some parts of the coun- organIzation.I sin not opposed to the C. 1. 0. or to Imidux- mont. unfair to the people I represent and politically unwIse. The Cierk read as follows: My atiicndincntiriivldcs that no applicant for a loan try In which it would be better and aounder to require a down trIal oeganisattionl. but I am opposed to the communistic. iiiider tIlls set shall receive a loan on land In excess of 95 payment .5 maybe more than 10 percent. and Ui other sections anarchistic organilatica that ha workIng irons wIthIn, and Anaeadmea( seers by Us Caawrosn Pnge 5 his. ii. smite sot It might be desirable to make these loSna without a down pay. SIms sgrmr.s "sol.noi,uxm' and Insert "sis,iaLO.uiio - pi'rco'iitof the value of the land.In other words, tile that ha going to dianipt labor lilt is allowed to go on.Ye.; former would put up 5 percent of the value of the farm ment.I think the Department ought to have tIle opportunity disrupt this Nation, but aasly temporarily, because real Amer- tic. JONES. That Ii. to the neat sectIon. which tie proposed to purchase.This would be $250 on &to try out dilferent methods and make loans on a different icans accept the challenge and wIll never mw to communistIc, The CHAIRMAN. We have not reached that part of this I cantiot ret anything wrong with this prin- basis all hin Use limit, of the bill, in order to ileteninhne what bull. $5,000 farm policy we shall finally adopt II we find that tills experiment irroilgious ajgrery. clpte of a down payment on the farm to be bought.Out Ax it has been mentIoned here that the crack is open for The Clerk wull report tIne neat anuend.itrnt, (armies know the dIlilcuttles Involved In buying land.They is succesalul. the farmer to caine In, let mm open a crIck for labor to come The Clark read as follows: They are not lookIng The greatest succeas that has been made In this type 01 w,iiit to start ottt on a sound basIs. project anywhere In the world has been In Ireland. They Into thIs Home of Reprexentstive, and be recognised.tat Amesidment sinned by Mr Mxxiii. if Tell. Poi;o 5.lOt 22, is semlrettef contract.They want a fair chance to and p.ge 4, line. I nods, strike out alt .,r iuxestr.,i.i, lxi for began back In 1910 In Ireland to Ive theIr tenant problem us pass laws ouUalng the rIght .5 any employer or employee. tecittie home owners In thefr own right. engaged In the manufacture of goads that wIll go into inter-3 and lessen in lIon. n5,oro-nf tile (alumui0 Mr COOt,kV. Mr Chairman, will (lie gentleman yIeld? by making loans to tenants to purchase land, and they began (nasa mad. ssndor this tmtho basil ni,t ii 56 stilt tinyi,.. by makIng the muss on the basis of 00.) percent, or two- stat, commerce, to arm his factory, Let me logiest th&t we applIcant ned nhinui shot be In esres. of the anmunit ms'riiii'. tI.e Mr. MAIION of Texas yes. may pass legIslatIon that wIll make It & crim, to transport In. oomssmuy nosiamtt(ee to be the n.iue on Lii,f,,r.l,si,d ,.il.,liI,. thirds of the value. Then they raised It (0 15 percent. but tooted (Rio amount anneusry to enxbto ht,e ii,,rr,m.ci is-pill Mo COOLEY. Does nut the gentleman rccugnize that cver since last they hIve snide these loans on the basis of men (ruin one place to another or f rum one Blue to another. this is an experIment?' Inn farm a.id .bnII be .useed 57 5 ni'st niOfltage oe deed oh (,ii,.t 000 percent.During this time they have loaned approzl- If you please, either for strikebreaking or strike picketIng cx-lo the fans." Mr. MAHON of Texas.I do. niately 9125.000.060 and have made owners or put no tile road ct'ptuig troops authorized by lawful authorIty. Lawful pick- Mr. COOLEY. Does the gentleman thInk, If It Is an ca- etIng is the right of labor.'I'hg right to strIke Is their only The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the' neat aim-i, it- periiiient, that we should undertake to put It on a sound to ownership 547.000 tenanI.l. So that whereas back In 1010, merit. 91 percent of the farmers of Ireland were tenanLs and 3 per- weapon; but do not let some Communist, who has not the financial basis rather than on an experimental basis? Interest of labor at heart, direct that strIke.The American The Clerk read as follows: Mr MAIION of 'reamI think we sught to start out on cent were owners, now the percentage is just the reverse and 07 percent are owners and 3 percent are tenants. Practically Federation of Labor refuses to allow known Communists Am.i.damentotTeied (if Mr Tms,r.Loge i ins,-u. o hr in:.. winedo "a'ouecit by, Otlikn osui ii.,' mime the soundest basis we possibly can.If we want to invite withIn their ranks, and I congratulate them for It.When r,'nu.,i.,mI,'r on i.,.,,iline 3 disaster and pull (lie ntountaln down upon the (chant farm- all of this wag done on the basis of loan, at 100 percent of (lie and in.ert: "tnenrumenl. eeatuuug the tegaiii tir to tSr tn,, in value of the land. the C. 1. 0. enforces such a nile thsej,lIl cain the respect of Is. Secretary Of Ageicxltsmnn foe time use and lOneRs ..f ii,. O,,lirmI ers of America. we are at liberty to ito so. but ii we want Mr JON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yIeld for a tue American people, but until then theylll continue to ks.e Busies a. Ito Int.ee.I. nay appeite. nail tile ms0uxixuiisll on (Ito ii. to start right in the begInning and build weU the structure In the eyes of public opinion, and public opinion nIhes in ouch Salem or nhetgtmta slid snierent therein by tile boiroorr st,a Ii in shich we are Interesled today, we will try to proeeed question? be tetotly In Secnrdnnoo wIth time teens. ,aS the tn.,t,uumueau,n rio- Mr. HOPE YeS. America. outed In cooum.etioa wIth such iasuu." caotioiioly atid wisely in the beginning of the adnilnlatr&- lUcre the gavel feIl.I (ion of tins measure.(1 the tenant cannot pay $250 as a Mo. JONES.The gentleman mentioned the fact Ihat The Clerk read as bIbles: down ptyinent. how Is he come to pay Interest at the rate preference ha given to the one who can make an Initial pay' Me. JONES. Mr. Chairman, I dId not make the point of Anotluor afliendstn-nt offered l.y Me T.amiu i'a.:e 6ii.,,-:t 'i of 3 percent. which will be $150 the nest year. sod the tailes inent, .1.0 preference is given to Use one who has equtpment order to the remarks of the gentleman from MIchigan hun. IluogI. but I shall hereafter when outside matters eye dis-as.. word 'pay.bir, Olrike Out tt,e toni mmiii lila on the land? and machinery, and is It not frequently a aowsdor loan to (tie Ihilonumig proudsm,.'"Providu'd, Thai line to,eni,weesiiaii.i,,. n.e I do not want lx see the tenant lariners in my distrIct 00 lend (00 percent to a man who Inns equIpment and machinery cussed mako the poInt of order, because we have a great a 1meetini 0(6 year. altar (I.. lynn Iseri,uitusl,floe at ally tinlo into an undertaking winch from tia inception Is bound to to operate a farm than 95 percent to a man who does not many who want to discuss this particular measure.I want Until 55 peetesstof tho loan l..a bees r.paimJ. Same nfl .satgiisl,tn Ii.- to see now If we cannot agree upon a time limit for dis- teresa Is tbo latin lieu... lime Seceelsey agree.i bm,,Oxo'll tlmiene.t Ia'l.'l'here are many farm lamilics In this country who an have such equipment: and the adoptIon of eIther of these eSsIl cost us him. nor shalt he have any eumum,ixhie iir siher i,iinir,t loogilig [or a chance to buy a home with a small down pay- amendments would make It so that the man who had plenty cussIon of tills section.1 ask unanimous con,ent that in nssbleet to beT end sale Snider prseeo. in tutor if orrdiniui. ui.mise mini suit a guaranty of proper credit facilities.The alms of machinery and plenty of equIpment to farm probabiy the further discussion of (hi. sectIon. the speeche, shall Sb. lawa of nay Sian. far .15th peeiomi of 6 year." 01 the Government could not be directed In more worth- would be turned down f or the nian who hind a s-percent be limIted to S minutes. The Clerk read as follows: payment, even though he had no equipment whatever. The CHAIRMAN. Is then objectIon? while channels. Amendment offend by Mr Oiesnm.sru -rote 4. line 0,11,, i.e Vmil the centicnian yIeld f or a bulef quca- Mr. HOPEI agree with the gcnUeinian entirely. Mr. FLANNAOAN. Mr. ChaIrman, I object. waed 'not". Isineet 'len.Soul becalm' minr' Mr COOLEY. Mr. JON. Then, Me. ChaIrman. f ask unanimous eon- I iioi? Iflere the gavel fell I Past. 4. .Iniao oils hunt. 24 ,d 25, OlimlOii i1mn 0, 11,100 ms sr-nt that each of the sniendmgnta that an to be offered lUlon I Sm,. hssohuiltoe, slid tnooeh: Mr MAIION of Texas.Yen. Me. 1100K. Me. Cluairnian, I move to stt'ike out the 1:1st word to (big section be read Oral for the Information of the "101 Peiutlds 11500 tba borrower .1,011 ilOt nmutilxiarityI.. tIe COOLEYDoes the gentleman realize that under or otllmrwlas leanixfrr Site foeam oe nut r,.t thlerms,i,i.r. theitiivisiotix of this bill (lie persoii alto ix able to make Mr Chairman, I dId not Intend to talk tin thIn bill because cumsnmitte,. Ut. eohise,ml of the seret'tary. nmu,h tie,, i,to thilm(ill.,,.,Imii',.t,,i,l:,i V all trill iat payini'iit Is to be given a preference?Tile pro- of the fact that tha Slate of Iglclilean Ia emot faced with tsC The CHAIRMAN. is (here oblection? sra,slor ne at.. li,e Seae.sxey may d.rtar. tbo xlii,. i,ii,,,i pnublrnt of tehiatucy, bcrauic we Only havc about ID psi :i'iit 'I'herg was tin ubleetlnn. Ieieiedl.t.ly duo amid psyisluin vt,.ioO is very stv'n tic "Ill PeoiL,te liuJI n500 .lulisi,,rli3Oi,,f nib .11,.,, Mr. MAIION of 'moss.'thiu'e is no mandatory provision of tenancy, but bile of the previous speakers here tiictiiy The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk wIll read the aineiidsnenLs tire,. ii', liii, nxm-iitloned the fact that the flag of our eiauntty was bm'miui hut the order in whIch they reach the desk. list hot less timaim 2cm years alt,'r tlmo uviubtiug 1,1ii,,'I...,.' In liii'billto the rttert (fiattile who can nuake a be eaittted to tine nunsn rire mm,nily collie brt,,..u,, . IiI,I, dos'n paymi'nt shall get tIre farm. desecrated In the cIty of Detiult. The Clark read as folloata: retolned by Ibo Bee,elary so aeoimrs liuo nollslonti,nin iSv 1,I,,l- SIr COOt.E'm' Does the gesittenian r,'atmzrn Uiat many peo- Let us go back a few years to the days when the I. W. W '5 m'mioeiidmeflt by Mr Wassue: Amend section 5 on pag. 5. un. gatioa. were out In the wheat fields and went through Use farmliie 25. by ustsonhi.g after nsi. word "fans" this waed. 'sad foe Ian Pages, limeS. hetuire lluo prrlad. luio'fl II i'iililOt ill.' 1,11,,.,' ple ,eight be able to mske a down payment Who would be neooseiity repair. and Iwpraeoniaaa. sam.r.an." imtg: 'esoepi (list his. simial paymacut mm! aOy au,. 01.. .1,0 iL (ma nihoi wise obioctianaiais-? country and burned (lie barna end burood the wheat fields S S 6560 CONGRESSIONAL RECORDHOUSE JUNE 29 1937 CONCRESSIONAL RECORDHOUSE 6561 flsCeptcd Itlie did vi ruth acediutklide sunlit be so m5 lsrflrc- The Farm Credit Admtnlolcnttion now bus about 20.321 to strIke out such a provision if inserted In the bill by thC Many of the farm tenants have lochutyItt Ill' moo Pg titdliie tO. year iio,Itativn provided ix paragraph Ivi sbtettloti Senate.WIll you gerstlemcn support mey farms eeidetured by sheviff's certificates and a very, very property of any kind, und nncost of sisaL lIthe tiny have'.11 II') Mr. COFFEE of NebragEa. O,neiiit,iiefltottrrrit Dy Hr Pt *50,0CM 5nrndIt(ttie Bierflvsflfl few of these acqslred by foreclosure I am for the gentleman, be needed for these other essentiuts.050cmthy peupc'ru'. nv,rtvhnhteflttstrtkeovltiliru,orO "twrvry" SuiTs It appeal. In Tine CIIAIRIII.AH.The time of the genttemail 1mm Texas Mr. TOIIEY. One thing more. Mr. Chairman. We hens Ulelance atsd direction by the Osverrument. IIu octioru, Is the Dlcrt,iahlo atulendiot'l,i sect loserS Ilic,,cd"teo" Mr. Ki.eoieot ha,, expired. a lot of statistics these days aboot the number and act.lvltie with whuit success tIny wol k out their welfam erie tu'i':ai: ,. of Government deportmentx. Mr. KLEBERG. Mr Chairman. I alone to strike out the Mr. TOBEY. Mr. Chalroian, I rise tn opposition to the This bill would add to our rehabltttat loniwork byfileIfesettleiirrntAiiii,uii&',t Ii. II last three Worth pending amendmenta.My State of New Hampshire has alceady topheavy bureaucracy,The bureaucrats are often shows Interesting and worth-white accoincplistcniri,I.suuo,,iu The discussion of this particular bill has taken a wideabout the lowest peoportlon of tenancy of any State In Use In each other's way, stumblIng over each other.Often theIr the class of farmers that we would now make fsllil oni UI-. range, unitito riot propose to go Into a discussion of the bill UnionNevertheless, I well understand lids Is a national statensensta aye at cross purposes one wIth the other.Here in 1935 thtere were 03.299 r,'hiobituration riteltt_'. Ill Fst.cteii:l, inl.a entirely, but will confine my remarks to the record so problem and ax such it commands my sympathetic Interest Is a bib which alma to put thousand, more people on the This year there are about 12,000Tue avruagi' root, f'arii II:- it opiic'ars today, and In references which have been made 1.0 and attention. facms of America. Many other ptecnt of farm legislation come of the cltenit.s In 1035 suns $91 per family iii 19.10 Ii the FormCredit Adnitnistration during this debate. I want to say at the begInning of my remarku thatI have that Import behind them through granting more credit. was $226, a gain of 140 percent; and It Is entitivat,'ihSlitill, and lower rateS of Interest_-trying to get more people on I want to call the attention of the Ilouce to the fact that find myself riot In accord with tOte gentleman front North pear It wIll be about $460.if this esttniute IsSue:, t:,0cc di spite every effort having been made to slsow that the farm Caroltssa. who by IsIs InierTogation of one of the Members tile farina.L.toho'n. Mr. Chairman Joen. of Texas, while I approxlmalely accurate, it ha evidi'ict that ilietr tlii'.iilui teflolit, of America hove been the fiirgottett people of this a few moments ago suggested that matters of an experi- read an annaxlng olatemeng comIng from no less a man than pear will be about five tiinc,s what liiu'y were ill19:13. t&i...t land, in the year 1936 thIs very Farm Credit AdminIstration. mental nature In government were justified In being based Dr. 0. E. Baker, population authority for the UnIted fitates of the gaIn In Invome which occurred between ltii'j ultit lilt wtiiiii has been accused here of holding op the ps'ople and 01 upon a baum which lx not aound Department of AgrIculture,In an Aaaoclated Press article and which Is eapertvd to occur agaIn tIde year, ei':.utrs hi vu rotiiic',s foreclosure,, put 20.000 farms into the hands of For either esperimental Or pi'roianent legislation there In the Waalslnglon Post today he Is reported (is 15ev. said In beLier farni-mcranagenlent practIces slid bet icr r,liiliut IlIum:. new farm owners,About 10,000 of those farms to whichIs one fundamental cequtreinent: It must be sound all thu an address at Purdue Ursiveraity tnstttuh.. on American Policy mont in tIme Inands of the fanner and 'Tevlsnology on June 26: O refer coniC to the rum Credit AdatsinlstratlOn following ad-way through NothIng will bring this country Into evil Itt1935 the average net worth of the 13.2s9riur,uiIi'. vanies under mortgages created in 1920 under the Federal OntO of th. Nation's farms now operstlsg are not seeded so reed habllttation clients was only $3113 days any more than setting up experimental legislation nod sbus the people in other wiurdu. Iii.' I till land ii.ink.The partIcular 10,000 to which I refer were Usist lx not sound In Ito proelolofla. lieu were practically destitute.Tlcey had miivliiiclg.'l'od,ty tile' olv.,cidoved. and there was no real action its foreclosure, be- Some years ago I went to the Secretary of Agriculture Is that true In the gentleman's judgmenty average net worth of the rehabilItation cllenLs In Alahoiuiuui cisc the then owners of the I arms had no Interest what- and demattded the report made by Mary Conxsor Myers, a Mr. JONES.I do not think so. iS $362.This litstill low, but ItIs mnre tha,c 1011 Li cur's s,,r'vi'rri retaining ttlerir. doe to taxes and oilier matters. Government investigator. on the subject of farm tenancy. Mr. TOBEY. Then I submIt to the chairman of the larger tharm the 1935 figuren.Tilts Is a trenc'nduiu', Incrri1i5s' Iiiiii' 1.550 of the other 10.000 farms, money was advanced This report eisa mode by her fur Use Delcactmelst of Agri- Ci,mnllttee oct AgrIculture that this Is another bweaucrxUc The total net woiUs of all these cltent,o in Alabullllt lu1533 to Site 'stunt of over 71 pet runt of ihe value of the farms toculture It was not niade public,it was ordered oup- IncongruIty wan only $40,175.Today it In $4,'J44,000. 'fill:. is us 10101 gluu Ilist' vvtoi cvuid naki' Ilie Pt uio!r stiowing as proper creditpressed by the Dt'ptmrtinent.1 was granted an opportunity, Mr. JONES.Yicu cannot prove a thing by newspaper In the net worth of tIle i:Iti'rits duriaig a 2- yI'o C1.011,11 vi cs ioidcr the F.ivrii Credit Adtninictratton.The F. C A however, of reading that report In it, entirety and I be- t(atemttents. $4,303,025 'this oi:eolnuplishiriiciit shuelka for Itself tii,'rvf,re. inDite advances ofci the neighborhvo,d of *20.000,- came well aware oftIle terrible coisdlllons of the tenant hllcee the giavel fett,i The bill before us does lot go as far as I would lube to'c 000 tcwai it the solution of the tenatit problem in the Unitedfanciers and sharecroppers through the medium of that Mr. HILL of Ahaliamna.Mr. Cinairman, I want to es- It go.I fear that It is far too stlOi't in Its vllorirtary Ira, Slits.I think it IS perfc'ctiy futr that this debuts should report. press 10 the clsalrman of the committee and to Its mem- visIons, but In this i'egurd It Is tire best that we rail get under keep liii' recvrd clear us to the woi k of the Farm Credit I want to support tlsla legislatIon, a,s a national esiperi- bers ivy alcpredhationn of tIle work they have done In bring- conditions today,it last least a beg dill ing toward tIlt: solus- Ailiiiisistrotiian, both iii rr'flnstictng and In bringing peopletnent to try and do something to niret a serious situation, ing this bull to the floor of the House,I am sure that but tion of Uie farm-tuns:snt prohllecis, aisd soc have wulted alt Soil bat:k to faints winch loaf no people on tiscor, arid farms thatbut I want to ace it sound. To that dId I would like to have for the devoted efforts of the chairman and the members longto attack Ilus problem, onie of thteflutistlliliIorltI It niece then owned by the Government and held by the Farmthe amendment of the gentleman from Nebraska adopted of tIle comnhiltesr we would not today have tile opportunIty challenging tile Nation, Ctedit Adnsinistraliirn Those 20,000 farms bear thefot- placing onty u 90-percent but den on the Government. of consIdering and pltsslng mills bIll. During the past 50 years We lllli'e sCUll fin,1t ell:ltn'vlit lowitig ratio to the total credit intended by the Farm Credit Some tune ago when our House Consmlttee on Agriculture I was greatly Impressed by tile very able address of tIlethis country increase fronn solve 23 pl'rv:rlutIII01011,'42 AdiriinistratiOn up until April '30 of this year: hod under consIderation Ihe original bill II. R. a, we finally geritleetsan from New York tler. Wonswostsmh on yester- percent, We cannot have an ecvciocluy of securIty, coil to Eight hundred and I'll ty thsoviaat5d farms yeflnaaiivcd byttse repudiated the bill because It would put the Clovernnsent day.I was ItmipressedIn the first place because we aU say of ablusdance, In a lurId where n, irty tlutlf otlt rutii- Fartn Credit Adniinlstrwtlon. 10.000 of the farms sold came Into the business of buying and selling land. The committee Cultural people are t.-nanl,s,Tile tvroiili'in istIltSI'l'IIltlI.11, iii babandotiment proceedings on the part of the ownero. recognize his Outstanding ability.lii the second place, we took this action despIte the fact that its members were put bealtre Ulat lie speaks wilh autilority, havIng spent auof as Is believed by some, for attllouuuil it Is sinuS ,uCutr Illtile and in the case of the 10.000 other farms, credit eiaa ad- under great presuwe from the administration and were sub- South. yet the cvnstis show's ticut Isv ushilts a is rIder it,', II vanced in most instances to tenant farmers Who had saved his life in the bustness of farmIng. In tile third place Ibere ject to cajolery and threats. Is perhaps uio niana in Congress who Is a inure devoted ad- of teisancy than Tyntnesni'e IndIana has passed Cbrjit,1 tIlt enough out of their operationa to musks' the proper first pay- It was to the everlastIng credit of ihose who resisted suds comic of what we ntight term lndicidualiucn, the tndlvtduul Mininiesota's tenancy ratiocut r&d:Vuri,'lsuli's Ttu,'t e taints .iisd to meet the cridit requirements of the Farm is,ethuodx, That Is flow a melter of record. nothing that makes for ldleni'sa, liuclilealtee. shift Ii''.sei''..s, Ill- Credit Admitsistratiiin liberty umcd hnihivuchitoi richtu of the people tlsitrt the gentle- Addressing myself now to the chaIrman of the Comotittee mull fiom New YorkYet, Ott yesterday Inc warned us that aecwify, soil depleliout, and Ionic cilur.l.nutOli lbr It'll 111.5 In connection with the onsersdmcnt offered by the did- on Agriculture I need not have the gilt of peopisecy to real- if tIle Government were to make a success oat of this land There Is nothing Iliat so dl'Ieulls a wise biIallCt'ttcit,'iliuf tirigliushed gentleman from Texas. We have rather definitetee that when thIs bdl goes to the Senate, Irs all probability agrIculture or Is so dl'strsctice of tenth cOrls,'rviI ion Sc.is evidence that there are many farm tenants In these United icorchase and farint-tenant prugram there hid to be at that body will put In the bill the origInal provision for the least some directIon by the GOvennteist of the fanns ti'nants. tenancy.It was Ac IlIum Young, our iifI Ite eli tout vi'u lie States, sharecroppers and tenants alike, men of sulflclent buyIng and sellItli of land by the Clovernlnent.If the bill agrlculturtti econonlisms, who. In Ills Travels IIII"i ulici.. ability and earnestness of desire to permit ihemn to make a I am fearful tisat the language In tine house bItt looking cornea back to the House containing thin provision, address- to that question Is too indefinite and anccertaln,'the gen- served cotscerning the French Iu,'au:llstt hat ''titclti.uilICof reasonable down payment, showing, first, good faIth, and, ing nsyself to Use chalrnsan of my commIttee and to the properly turns sand to gold,Give a lIeu.ti' Slut.' p0:, second, placing the operation of this adusiinlstration on a tlennan fronn New hampshIre han spoken of the conference gentlemen from Nebraska. I ask them If they will support committee.I believe that the language In the Senate bIll Lion of a bleak rock atid lie will tllrnl It lotus a cli, do, 'ice baa is ivhlcli would be reasonably sound and In accordancenit in a resolution of the House lnstmstetimsg the conlevees 1dm a 9-year lease of a gai-uien acid lIe sluli COOLI'l tItthu with the practice heretofore established by the present ad. takes care of this questIon In a much better way, and I a desert.c to stand agalnut that provision for buying and selling land hope that when thIs bill Is In conference that some language oillsistratioli and to elIminate It front the bill.What do you say. Mr. will be worked out between the conferees that will Insure The late Dr. E. C. Itransonn, otto cii Ic n budge hidut Ils I feel very strongly about thin matter I propose to voteChalrmany life to a stuffy of Use peoblenin of tItecoast I ,,ititeu fur the annendtnent offered by the genttemtian from Nebuaska the necessary direction and leadershtp for the tenants who Mr. JONES. We have not gottecs thIs bIll to conference are to be Use beneficiaries of this act. us that. Mi CorCnot. first, because I think 10 percent Is not too I san gulsig to sustain the poitton of the House so liest TIlt owsrrnilnp l,r lssd cl'lluvrsnuvss mnui ii down payment to require durIng the admlcsistratton of yet. Mr. Chairman, I am opposed to the two pending amend- I., Law r,:,I u II, I can. ments, one permitting a laan of 00 percent of Use value than flit the low, oil 110 sluscuti.' loots IiI ,i,,',O liiliii,, the early opeiations of thus act, and, failing In that amend- Mr. TOBEY. Coming events cast their shadows before peeronal worth fluid rncnlly pntdvIi Ideorlo,',huh S unit. 1 wilt vote for the amendrricnt offered by the gentle- of the farm, and the other a loon of 60 percent of Use value tnsnity be lives in amid gIves hu,uu o ilr,ii,uuelsr yLhtidl.tiittil,,' them, however, sir, of Use farm. ebllrvb, nod echotci, nnd other Ilegualteahltilis such v,iler1,ua. I'Iiii. icon fisin Tesas I Mr. Mntmos I. bottle town or holfllxvontncsruulr Mr. JON. I do not think the gecttleman will expect tIle IIemit rule,,hurl, mu, I,,,tIllilt In.ioninatton, tilebiil under eonstdecation will provide We most bear In mind that the purchase of the farm Is not fnnsily together, makes tiles n better mouser. a sty icr tIne 1,11cc to mate a coisxmit.ment thus fur to advance. the only expenditure that must be made If LOse farm tenant rievtll up to tOO leer nt of the satue 01 the turin and wIll Wlcat do better nttta.n tanincty iuecoaao ii oiokrs bias a static. l'.iOiii. utIle luru' iifins ices slithirierit to put about 2,000 farms In the Mr. TOtIEY.(Jive me a lIttle friendly advice. Is to be put on a farm and then operate it successfully. As otusal'e mix ,00bvty, you think, sub rose? Iu,,iuts of now tenant lgrvier,s. the r'halrman of the Agricultural CommIttee suggested itt hIs The bIll will mit only prove a bn.'ni'llt mu thu115:10 We ilnisuly have evtdeiice that the F C. A. has done well by Mr. JONES.I cannot see that what I might thlcsk wool question propounded to the gentleman from Kanaaa. there Is true of taking udvanitage of the Oplolet Oliul III oil I know that the gn'ntlet.'ali 1111IIIit 10 tIne:, that naniber inIyear, and wiil continue so to do be governing in that respect. farm machinery to be purchased, which Is expensIve lix ltaelf. but It wIll benefit the landowner in the form hut svi,i,i suIt- feeis that I will sin the best I can Ins working out the biU. There Is need to be bought. There is work stock, gowi, 15005. Lvc s.:ulud. olvierty way bob's, stability of land values, deelimle of povi'rlyIS 1 itS yii,ie of the farms held by the Farm Credit Admlnlutratlon Mr. TOBEY.I waist (0 go on record here and now that and fertUlxer to be' acquired.There are all kinds of thingscharge, and a wholesome alid enhlghle.ii'il ruullllrrullit ly tile toeing the ajsreotentiotied operatlous were acquired afterI on behalf of thIs House, to sustain Ihe posltton of the that cast money that are essentIal to tile operatIon 015 farm Osu' NatIon was founded as ii naUon if furui 'un hltlII{ 1933. Mouse, will support a resolutIon usstrugUia$ tOte conferees in auditIon to the land ltaeu. farnu-lovixig. and farm-living people, aid itsI,u'.on tie tintcliii,Cornee',lnfle6562 of tln:nl Univri nililtis lint linitilili Jrilelull'S tills were tuilil n';.t,nbli in diner tied I any a is based tot lnhlI\ niln:il f pinion) CONGRESSIONAL JECO1tDJIOUSEhint itidneidual owllcr- We know thriftbasIstaryou ilie w'itl altd iuii good onioatnt nlutmai;elitetnt Thn.'ne ought to On'tint encoli,amlrnni'flt find that tIne (;nivn'rilmcniand a pretnlum tins on been Suntan Claus It oslnt to lie Oil a kind ot piirliuccshIp JUNE 29 my aniendinent1937 10 Mr.lhe BiennannChairmatt, my amendment LANNAOAI9 Mr Cliamarniun amueciduient.CONGRESSIONAL I rtse In aupport of RECORD_HOUSETImeMc. JONES, bill provides as follows I am sorry but f cannot yIeld now 6563 Ininnf.nni50 p iiiuiilIii inii ivy'in inn tine Innsol liilIie.oWInliiK tannin iii PCOIIIC ag. null iii'iii'i ural lIly ci,nss but tifrallier tlii'eOatltiY. Ofl ISIS tl'in.niiry 'pontoitnicI, :,ubvei st'rtttonn sive wlimn'il of If ta'rntitlted tO coil- Line Amid call way of life. atpayion'nt tIlepurchaser end tsi mt very thepays firstsitiall. absolutely year, bat he itnutitliiat slioaidwilt Ilitnnw onnI bl' sni.iiciiilng. bn'comcsimp his hands djncniuruigcd and I intent tIle amount of cash if tIle 10 .rIngToHousefrom my economic 26 realtors fund, years II tlsn'securItyLi 10 Importance to Is fuztdamfle,mI,msl years, I hope 11w flsembcrslUpof Use Bin'rn.ann amendment, TIme objectonly of thIs reduces bill Is the perIod of tIle n.ay thinfecriagdenier, 8l' time III. amausuntloin, Thum lipinin true loievow,'es i'. or I5tOni iilFn,Iinni icr? lean,. bit or city tnoire.n ititrolin o,npald tamnnruntame C .aucnhung mIllIng * ltlnn,,i I 0i ..rtnnli.ri,n,,e II ,ii,,im,mi,,tlI.m 0*, iiitin nit' md Lu 610w lilinerwill threatenl!iii'n'l and thlTit'fll. enilainger our very joint .snil'i'n'sS. mIlton.. Asinmtnt 'lIt? otPin kid Is 1070 ln,'l.iiid anI(I (tie ii .natnt problnin is tar back 551111 tothriftfreequit. tIlls Oney, iliduslriolis. of tile land alid and delcrmtiiuii'd in,nprooi'lnetlts tn'n:iiil for will a yearnot object lOin tim no imiveslnteiit. tlslltiinglie to Is lose, the kindand haawinnu had is entitled to pretcreiiee, bc The legIslativebrItchestenantyet underup and flal,by lOse puttingthe napelerutu him ofof Use II, the farn,er-ownerthe neck andbIll thewe cIa. seattheare farmsImply bclianl,. picking of AmerIca, of lxi. by a worksrelary'scannot hued Culsselmltransfer said orIlays fliOitgag,' ItSo long as ihece Is a Whr cebit due the Oovernunu'uILhi' thus paid out hue iou.. the propu'rly Witlun,nn t Iii. alili 151*iii Iii' iii,' 1, It ii, In, ofcnnulittyanta'. II'.1899 lId.furthers of1)eiliital turin owiier.OPI'rators. owners L .iiidertoink atid Denniaik line task ha_s ol rio some i sing 90 theperCent tell- As a esult today trclatid is preponderantlY a Austria, olferedlie Is tile by oiity the kiindgentleman IhatTheI Herewill hum CHAIRMAN.tinake the gavel gooil fell.t Tile qliu'siion Texas Mr. Msiloni In the Is on the amendment protectIonrehabilItatecannotguards Use beUsend dimeCongre protectIons tenants, that way.it wttlsosmi throwing around cuss glee them,prudetstshould leglujatlon throw demands, aroundIt Usia themGovernment ha film thou.. .mmfe- goIng (o every ft deepplume senlimelsIthe in,mniefld of ofhomeburn conitnots tue morIg.me, I have oem amine 1101 lit him huoeomil uilepeople ill len" 5 y,'ars, meet for arnnauld In'.t,nmiem'became they wanted ho lIne cainntntmlehno'l SI,? IA tIle ni tInetilenayI'ulaiid. hour lneindiiigor tile andhas other conicthe bIll Balkanthatto for curb weusEgiand, toCountriesnaythe make makeevils Scotland. a ofabi'giinniing. are bn'Olntlltlg.tile uttempllng problem. Germany. to the SurelyIn oneendItoil'td, I_ct us pass Italy, Mr.Corraaamendment MsixotO I, offered there SoThewereaYi'5 by the tIlequcslion amezsdnieint gemitheuian 16, was taken: froimito tine and Nebraskaanieniinlent on a divisIon i Mc, was rejected.idemanded by noeS '.11, Is. baagysi.nt.lila abIlitycamnot brimthe to sans. copeable footIng underwIth hisWills Use 'The very fact Ihe man fellow manour economicunder our sysgeinecolsomlgfaa'iiaer for who Isa I. fix the genazst claM thou., 'flng tenant Is eat demonatraged some Use lime tel usMr. look Mc.JONES, at BIERMANN this frnurn and I aun sorry; I cannot yIeld Mr FLANNAGANownn'rnijlp rose a tur,ietic,iI viewlliilnnt 1 do lint Ii,ivi 15, fordinndniai.that man we andnay that itotelevate we man may tIleforrecognize property,worth andthat that pnm.pertyIhe we dignity may was contrlbutgof createdtue In- offered by the genttelninnTheThe question CHAIRMAN, from was Nebraska taken; TIle atid iMr question on Co,ragi, a diviaimnn idemanded by is or Iiic uinendmemil ofhabllllatereason Use apeeulalora. bo thIsclipe man, wllh hIsbut feitow we are leaving httin at Use Oman. We are trying to re- mercy bus,everyalt the anadvantumge l.a.feguiards outside farm TIne mailpossIble inhnlit just vs bay this furtsn Tine Sccirtary cmii lit, as welt 5111mm i: nina .ini piplion haidtheto lIne ideal pint of ApplausesUll free of men the I andsocial tree good, homes that in xc which may holdour itsNationfast birth, to and that cotnmrn non may own the land. de,nitndMr Jones, tellers there wereayesMr. JONES. 42. noes Mr. 41. Chairman, as close as that noic is. I of IsIaAmerIcanwill loll, r$lse then the fartner farm price valuesat level leastU UsIa legilatlon iu foijowed aof partlyfarm productsprice for andthe product.gIveare goIng to Increase,by a general farm bill u.hlcb Use and creasedeclaredpechnope In value, doeriot haveand tune payable,toLet tenant me fauinn'r,'m snibmil a prarlleal pay for all oh it 'l'herp lore eon boy oil If there is 'sun mm. liii liii . ii liii p ('liii att dcb.itestr:kr out on thelIne last pending tuneMr JONES Mlwordsamendment ThOMASON Me Chairlfla.t. atid theof Texas amendment I ask unanimous consent tltat Mr cilairnian, I move to thereand Mr. wereayes CorrsI 5$,of Ncbrasku noesSoTheTellers 82. the Cammittec to ame,idmrntwere act asordi'rrd. tellers,again was and divided;rejected the Chair and theapitoiiitcd tellers ceportedMr Jonas can oIlersorsell $300titledwIll hiSs him be InIhroisghfarm atht cash0100 cm-suIt? the orInaday IOO'percenl$200hi. alter life. profit. he here Is a tm'tiais( who, has mumMere comes a speculator tJmnd,,r thIs bIll, Use tenantlIe hence had user $2011 beer. resablhl_ Whet and Are UseyouAlterthInks goIngelan he for hi,to has It, keepcan andwotjen,t takehum wunis one on II of Ilnnseabimnil fun'luisiii,,I a Year heInn dniInIe, ln'('mlnminnuic iii ti I' InvipisIllon hnll,Ii.il'nmti,.i,, tinymy Ii I I. genttciinanthereto close from uI 3Texas? mInutesMrThereThr 'I'HOMASON CIIAIRMAN was no objection of Teoas Is there objection to the request of the Mr Ctiairnuan. I am very mnendment,ernnimelnt'sonly one whicheacusC. money has WeMr.Mr tobeen the SIEIOMANN.haveChialcltuan. previouslyextent not ofthi,' 100 thisread rightMr. Ineicemit bill Chairmatt.to has lemid oniof the iiurPose; I valueriseOur- In support of my gil fact. II has children,out himapecuiaborwhat amid wilt with almdhammperm about mumil $100 sell hIs farm, tIle publme road the heal disy wIth lie will fall ii,in.Ior or $200 ill his pockn't, whIch gets hIs loan. Then he will be right he lemptallon of he IsIs wIfe and You know togeLs a nmammfacaielse aiCk whohe aCId who cmiii ha Iswants Interested aimCemntlsbiccall tohisWe own thane hlale every safemnumird gleeIII nnh, an'ttiuig hIs f.irlim a hanoi unit ii. ih,r,'toitirosaul IllItin y. annie 1,1a chance at than hums? Iuunlnn.ntt nv mini. hilt in it It a ins liming a lii, lionmuch iitld In nosymtiathy Mcmber with of the the Iti3O5e good tnitrposes Is more interested of this ii'gc,lna- in its utitessof a piece there of is property a very good at less pmmrpo.e tiloli tlte iii View.cost of the tnloni'y The purpose, InWIll tile not tm lustn,unt hin, class for 8 weeks. He will then be ctahmt btmct hlttm sell Ii? Wn tat,' hiw:,y null Iii,' sb I 1 ii lonl.' Stelilitry i , clii' 1 iii it successIt titan 1 to be sound auid workable. No class of people In oar The bill hns my active support but I want owner-operiltOrsthe otmiy valid excuse, 01 fauna. for these aiiuiiial loans is to make But tinnier tIle bill us it is 110W cehabitumimle (Ilium, allenIf we are Cuing to help tlte we rchahimtilate him let us niake him tellanl, If we are gohitg 10 measurecanOueeriunuutl mitt, no mailer when w'hm;mt h' inalisln'rs line 1111,' l'nnil'II,in Is 'mntm HInt ilj,nl ii .Ini, n' milliii Ii,, ofcoli.ntry thn'lnmuch haveis as pittiul the been tenani more farmers. neglectedI rIse in support or need ci the assistance amendment so offered by my colleague The living conditIOn of many ' Centofwrilten land of liiat speculation.tIle parlaibenalui' of istIlt' obscuredUnder farni, cantIlts b iiibill 3 aimionllis beneficiary, or 6 nioimllis, who hnis borrowed 100 per- tIle ever-present mc,iace selee..elms,seestay Ifrh'iiabihhlaied he citn be elevated forThu. a reasonable awclmdmi'nt Irons Is fundamenbal the tenant clu perIod of tinne, In Order LiWe need not fool oar- to tue fanner prnnrishonon athey loan, coltd other levy ihiamm coluduuiouis, ratlOni, fl Iheoi bIll.course, if tIme limo I Applause I blit lhii'y e.tunnnll hi5 tin,' haul, mmvii me iii, rlulti, iii bOnum'tnilily iii, ,miliiln.,i,., II,,' 11111,' lll,ntIn,, WantstentionMrttniiiicretttrain tnt('inainniali. the 'resasby show mIld thetenant ofsoniclMr.gctnitmnnian his that intist Msttnhi determinationevidence the pay tenant I. frotntoo of hishigh, Nebi whotn serious make iimltis in a Igoodpiirpotne successundertake faith aiidout atid toUtin- soy. whotst.s I feet nit tileha amendnieiitplaces the amount of- farmif heIItake callatidtile hisGover,im.'titmake niakes profit. nnoncy a morigaule lenmin.My by anuendm.'nttu.iuing him exicnditug 100 (lie mn.ui'i'iit providn'sfarnl over over, ofa he term thesell cismlnmnl value Itof and 'JO of itothe Ihul for 20 ym'ars. KeepClasstheturning sliecutaborsalways Use tIme ta,anthave tt'na.hts gommeand on tilepUlIhing who farnmup amidhave for down. I tlslimt a perIodWe of kimow 10 farm values are gouug up. Farm thenm right back In theyears tenant Ia a cm.'esonsblebeen period, rehabilitatedWhen over Ihey go up we are eumlucs to Hisutingulshedwined chairmarm ofMr the CtmtrminnMr. LUCAS. I Mr.nn Chlaininan hake such a hlrun and very hurry iil(Ii'ed Connitimll,'t' null Aerial RIte jailtelonis InosnInilI unninoc 10 Slrike,,inu ho iI,,nv un,' ii liii' in, epoinsittniityhepurtlluse, nayetnd,'avor.jii.st have wilt thethat very teeting happy and to pridepay snnticthing ol ownership in order and thatre-lIke ttieiC are good atiml laid In every tIne of human There are good tenants and sony tenaiits, formrightmaythe5'rars. Cost myIiito at askthe regarding ofsn Inthepurpose Interest return money paper thatratef or In thewhich ofnnoney.spite 3 beneflctinries percent. ofthis whatthe bill Government whichtheIs written, ofcounterfelli'rS theis less act that has Uiancon- is. a to aidIntotailniore Isles detnonstrate a atb.iched farmer, In keepIng hetoI ann Inthe never the 10 fummmonly Years will, trying from to help theUse tenant, fct he Is able to be made 10 years andyear lie will to becomeyear, U he does I am only tryIng tosame convinceHousement,qW'.sbltnm, hype go of the Intoargumenb pi'iiilinfl Senaleaesm.mon befitrt' andof wubhi hue tiiiusn' 1 auncerely cOst thaI the auipobbimunpela'rsussinlmm of tInebite will S,'n,ntebe ntmuilt' iunmnf,'t,'p., iohi'mn hun tb, tine tin,'runnn.,ii('Ill iim'r, ,", mliii in Oldeniii I Iii' notsuccessStales had lIt theat the fagming debts, years worries, thansince'niece the 1929 and landlords arc responsibilities.who some hove theniseines tenant mint farmers with and more have throughout the United ascontractamenllnienttlsey. an inowner-operator hastruth been aimply and entered iii providesfact, and untobecome shall thethat not beneficIary owner_Operators. forbecome 20 years ashall speculator. after continue theMy ment.through the lOG-percentMc JONES.hHeye Use Me, gavel Ctnairinagi, fehl,l I hope the amendment wIll saalal,msnceland of a be generous lmaa been Govern- able to be adopted, acquire VIrginIa,mentslout.d Inof thewhichtille gentleman I ofseek this to Mr.bill from Ctmalrnuan, I ant unalterubli'restrict nnlilvus,'d the 511n'iliilloti 101pm sal hi' evimiletni ii, nitlilt' shin liii. III uliSinins ii Ti,.,,, hethe ranainimals. really tools, raise and the equipment 5 percent. necessary That wld tobe start only a $150tarm. If he ts.a the Inright case to ofallow accident the man or any to selluntoward the farm. event the Secretary has however. x'hI'Ii anxendment Mr ChaIrman, I have I else In oppotilbion to the , thliskaImPle It bible wholly of bhhs unfaIr, land for lflequilslui,'Opi,,t a pt'riOd of III or 29 aimnl uuiJnlnl t,, s,'.in'm I'll' ntic iii,. a I localdoeson aClintttssl.sl $1,000iineichaiitlint hate turin it,Inc lila atid neighbor, only $250 his on relatIve, a $5000 his farm banker, hi. I claim you raise his fes'iniiit of tim Id.'. ownership.sonn-iioity who 1165 failh in him will imiiski's Ii he abcforte yield?thingsout to hIsof arehlmsi'lf, part going of whichthe along bit, isMr. normallygain the MICIIENER. purposeand wemake expectof thisan Mr. owner.oV'r amendll"nL.the Chaitniasli. man to con' mull Use genlli'nlistl nabe1havesill do verymen feel, Il.tenrtl whopartIal however, u.HIsheye to Interestallofferedthat the membersboils Use., this kmendm,'nta very would hIgh be regard Unfortis.. for Useto gentle- what they have had to amendments; In fact. ofI my committee. aay, I oftheliberalfarmer hypeIilnibatlon pcoeuiot.sof ofAmerica tenatmt of wtmothatof we this kind bIlls legmstabion will liob seek ho lnmprt'tistitan di'snie bull hobill. 15km advutilag. I subnlnit if all snnn'mmniyi lie accrUe ttuiI(l tile ililuii,n I,. tin'.' nilt,'lia I,l 1(1.11 Ii,.' orhastnt t ml'huh' a li.ssis of his owii tn,llley In it, that lie eli.'tis Clot on charityii'sllnlilsiblill y muCh tic lIe will (eel ttmat it Is Ills, that tin' alt eady I lIe Pill chase on that a farm Mr. MrIIIKRMANN MICIIENEIt. and dunn lIme bi'at he rami, thumik,tuK hImself a I.hm,timl Bi.pllosn'I yohil a mill in elIot1 faitll flhllist' '11 I drelarethepat,mentsduebentAll tIme Ia thatpelmalty If bbs that coveliants I. TIme fact I. that iso law I. stronger or calm be albaehrd by thIs ace violated time &'crebary may thati Its penmilby. amend- duabrybaneofUncle bhls of bheChore imm,'umilnieotSam beumam,bs Ifconfidence he Is thurmtachtty himsho th,m' and rm'sin,e t event it slt,iltld bu',,,inn,rmitu'r iittii i,uIiIiil.il 5 ml Ii It ii Iunillml l,tnlli w (In ito' ni mnniil I 'n I UIIser,,nnnlln all espel n/n', unbid, ttiotlal1c but well,ion,kIt and till oughpay lineit theout Unnin'ii lines of Slain's the statutes andns stated you 1(1st thIs Is an eslM!rliitrmlt aiini, of course. ItlIe wilt iiiso have more Iilcl'ntive to wait hard, will 1101 fInd another aingle thIsfortoa.md Iii,mmself lht bill a farm;matmager. to pmnitliit andwould everybody bitt I the nit Si'crelaeythe dIdelse nnf hunt have10 heyears dibcretiomsjust ha. Is defliOtI',lainot the atndi to sell the farumm and go inmiO lolilit' mIni laiyabhehangdnCcdent whenout thathimself and theU hangthe tenantwould tenint himself, be viotabemi vhOIle4 the covenants and refusedtim destaj'e the paymentsYoubut could still writs all theInto Secretary tunis the covenants he should amend- could to Thatthe nmay thefW(t,ec be fee-simple brim.. theory (Ibte thstThIs of al.hendnie,s( wloch lamnd Is Illacell befuteIt will Ill,' rllisulmiatewek manho lanini inn.temc'b qu.itnfy lander ilie iit,n bhi,,. ii,, tu 'ii Intl 1 suIt mImI, 11,1 iii,, iii.iii k'ndi'l.nIbit 1h1ISaline I"ainti Cirdit, or any Ooveciaiictit organiaatlofl, atid etirni'nI a timniln,'n'f ally kind I tie (ulliel n.iimqit has paId or loaned the full Taki' the Ii 0 L C., the eliOttiming that hi' call at all.do? Mr BIEItMANN Yes; my amt'imdu,ment would nut pIe' yield, Mr 7L,.4jiyJQf We do that In the present Mi', Chalnnsas bill, will lb. gentleman due and hlelgIsbue,beIrowed ask penalized In this tue amarroundlngmoney luame for frotnmmakIng of halisi bhe Insofar as tie imidlolthinalconimo,m jlustinni' winy oimoutnl a prollt areGoveriimuli'unb niajinig a isl,.mii,'inn,,htmrulit on tInnirs ulul his fur,ni simni lii, wild, limotIll maingui . ' . ..,1.. 6561 CONGRESSIONAL RECOItDIIOUSE JUNI 29 1937 .1 snidlierhotoIlIsduring sLnc-resineel a land 17 in that boom?Ills unlessfight on the land entire specuintioli. field is covered bat I sobmitwenate should in fish out of one faxol owner and fowl cut of I know that the genliciltall from Iowa aentedgenerous,limitedin, the remainderinto 3 3 andminutes. iofliotl& I Illicit Theof the anlefldifleflLo CHAIRMAN. consideration Theherealter ofgentleviail tile billcan may betram pre- be Texas asks unani- I do this because we have been very ale adythepuent tt'nazitoff may such attach InI ant interesled condlthou0 as It principallymay dream 1cm providIng Its contract wills CONGRESSIONAL lie sharecropperby the sunendnsgntor proper, prmlscumneRECORD_HOUSE Iuoecru The told kb. bees bur.Jerrci a givenahigesied rcbyIeiigtli by a certain01 tinie partItwould wooid of bethe semi the profits basicto like on and thatall landsfundamental like unearned sold within iio'iciiient too sue- tile Piesidelits committee on larm tenancy tirni?limitedthemoan remarks consent to 3 minuteS of that the iiligeiitleinan on spreclilis each Iroinoil eu Ocoigia ainendnlrnts. iMr. Tasvfl following I, I. aineadiiicist. Is there objet- of AgricultureforpeTscohishderatioum a periodshall not of be P Iliat subject the cii and whIch will Unle years, wIthout the you eqintyicuaert ofa provisIonthese totenants levy amid sale by be auboequently content of Use Secretary credItors at lct or sh5zecrop. reached for sismuet soil world Irmstehid. rigat leadingI 0 I t r I r I pItIes Oearnaiiyb baa 7 TIlls tiiilaiI,iui the farmSe Immunity out ut ihi,' sggraiaied rib mm,,,,,,bel,uieu,i he LIsi,i 11,,,,,, 01air tileTolandto iiiegentlycure br Secretary a this utahperiod clii front ifofof Again,one Iowa20Agrieultsiae years.cares Mr Chairnioll. to acCeptthe power I theam to yirwpointwiallerobly control this opposed to giving In my judgiileuit. thia is the wIlltitle,why be doesus offered. this nol is the tile guntleniahi titleMr IIOPE10Mr whichJONES. itinit most Ills request of Use toameistlnietstu tIle pending Mr Chairmnln.I purposely reserving have the beCfl right liberalto object. because there andInoftransfer after thelIlythe hecourse own billor ha Sale.Which Platetheof Ihen flow a year or two, perhaps,made amine payments provIdes In lIneunder 2, file laws of manyeqlalty of Use oissrecu'opper aSterpage 5.he for buys hnvolu,staj'y tfs,e farm 5tgLes-gt least.of that kind In or tenant the faumfarmaland.existsdeeper popuiatiouiPopulation reuluceciof In despair iflto Dt'nmuung a but you C0ndIllii of ccii dismIsstl'lhallty to less Ihlangee atla'uvptlng here Gui itpliioiamrm by moj ruleamo. iii auclv,'d 8f)t'lllulal mu iot of',uiiiii.i,tllui.my tIlII, ti,liii,,oi,ii I h ii 1..,,, theimportantbeginflilig iilltliii ofstep pl.uiuit laud upon soc in iislieatiohitlsethe bIll,part to ofin my Anierica.tile way (lOvernmehit ot thinking. to ultl- This is the iiiOst it is ansohaa muchopportunIty not beenInterost a to billmamdfestald. eopresu belure histhe views, andHouse I wonted but where I believe eoeryone there the has to110000 beenhave terfullyinmnyfJeefed to sale under civIl proewas. on Yesterday and further I have explained thereon may be sub- diacuaslon ha UsIa maO.- time lii Amei ca PJo, there Is a Oeimsiblethat way this silt probiemmi of Gemimaig ..Ills is UI. piilti,mi.,j ll,,t I I ,i I I couyfi'reesSenaie,TIllsnuslciy acquireand one landswhich for the purpose 01 resale to tenants,5 the vital priuieipie in the bill reported out by the I hope will litter be accepted by the nowInbe is a presentedvery reasonable familiar in3 time withminutes. theMr billandHOPE. and ill lids anyAs way theamendments we gentteman wiU get throughcan knows, there are sonic Im- yIeld? Me,Mr TAR HILL of Otlahamna Yes. Mg, Chairman Will thg genhjenia,u NationtiieseHu5spmuraporyxftnteIid raged from appr..lximahry 18211 ttl Ioo lii ti' ilh'a 11,1,, 11th , 511005? aiiiuuts 51 rosa portant provisions further on in thur bill wiucli may or may Mr HILL of Oklalsom Does not every State for free labor, - oi.ies*TliiM arrnor0000And is 055 as nrI stated IllS yesterday in a speech on the floor of this i.lyv500shruer eiissionshallnot canoe have ol somenime.tsdouiriits to object discussion. to a limitatIon to the other of features3 minutes of inthe the bill din- I do not like to object, but I andwhoprovide It is buys shady homestead one of these exempt? exemptIon foe farms andfarms Immediately makes It his home. everyIn tenantthe Union Scchanng ye ag I nu a a 75 a Americami lawmakers ace (ii Ig atteiuIp.d 511th im 11111 01111Go'will01Hails, tile'ube oiliest ifdecusierland,under illis principle within the step control ato.Goterflhlseilt invoicedperiod and of ultiunatl'lyjuniodic'tion 40 ownershipyears becomesa usilliotiof at the alt the?Vderal thetenants lands law Aiid whelk that thur arrIves it 10111 be a short havei, becauserio objection that hasto such Mr.Ibeen object, JON.a diuc550eli limnitatiohi Mr. Mr. Chairman Chalrflian. with respect I aek tounanimous title consent that I for anaia homestead, restricts Itbut fromMr. Mr'I'AJ(VER fflU_TARR, of No Oklahoma. No, My own State. elemplion Unless the Government tom' eoasnple provIdes in the Lnbeen hiwritten recoanlaed 1662 this by Nation p:lely humanas one hands of Ihe greatest allopied tile homeste1mdt8 :ars of :gilatmon oI fcc f lieni pti g to laws thai has icrIi ci 5 lii lii,,'piaumand Itwho wi Ii OiL is iauuii that jehilmeustatiotsfarmeranin tills ice Naiion inIs thisreglllirlited great sit the countryin tanners a WImP of of oursahichthe Old wlieii 'compares Vorld. the American wiih the I trust that I shall never live to see tOte day Remember gentlenianfronlthereto,oil speeches GeorgIa. with Irom the onbe Tes.ast eseehitiun thislimitedThe partiu.ul.lr CHAIRMAN. to 3of minutes the Idle remarks and oilof thearnruidlllehita gentleman Is there objevUOii to tIle request of the landapparelas toby under$300 Wrutten and worth thIs ptovlsions insteumeuit bIllof houSehold provides further thatvalve hisso honuestead that the sharecropper and kitchen I unsltusre, the debtor majI rIghts except wearlusgbuyims,g Kgsashflsmsut.diatehygla lMr hMr Ogoegh Piyge005t fotiowlilgMr. JONES Mr CliAIRMN Chaienianhas expired ITisi' ask tunic of tImetIme eeniarIn of bile onaniflio,ms I'onsi'm,tOl'iltii'iiilvhi iii,ml Crilni (,,,1 mdliofferedlAPiuiau'.ewcil, WIll II soplilailt aiid by I thewhen gu'ntlrfllaiithe thatThe Gover100eult happens. CIIAIIIMAN learn Viigitsia a differentthat youMr form Fu,onnocaNiand ofI love. govern- to The question is on the ameitilment dryandotiject. afterlsoOlteoliserie Ihe I waited timeMr. and CRAWFORD.fOr energy 5 minutes 01 tOte to Mr. talk House. ChaU'mali. on the AU bmU. poster- I reserve Ihe right to Some of us ore a httic more Inclined lv be modest I subjectdUstingwaIvils.gInstrumentwosabl theladebtednesa havesharecroppers his or homesteadno Promhoory peoteef In my State, as to hismight comeIon whatever, Inrights, sad by ifand he that note In usual form creditor for a pre-equIty thererindorhad executed an civilto a pu'OCes4 Creditor frommom Kansasment, consent Iberthereto that be IlmnitciJThe CHAIRMAN Hnesi allfollowing smidreosej the 5 mnlniik.soil debate onThe this gr'nulenian from to 3 mhuluhi's sectIon and a,hj aiclu'iid, Tunasby .oslt.',Ihe e. uio,isl.uiluu'I,,,iuigu'ntlemon (coin BuciuoosflilIke 01111 ndmcllt offv'redMr by MyLAUGIIUN the gcusticnlaui from'IOWa Mr Chairman. may we have the Mr. sli:ullSwIll hare to iu talk object. on thisThe title. CHAIItMAN and wider the circunaslaflees I The gl'ntllinian from M,cliic.mn oblecis. beenelfinto executed payIng poaoession lIly to antccedrumtUse of the 000erusmimemut.farm to levy theand creditor debt. although. 11eqluty at any (lone alter sale for the purposg a trust deed had tie Went omslminutesment and all Mr CRAWFORD with referu-oce to this Os Ihere Objeclhoi1? amend,nenls to this oe0tior1 Riweremi,,' iii' rIghIt Li, on die pe'nd,ng .iuuielid. be limited to Ls uoeqn,nientaamendments anddoes I utierelvreagainhot elueMl ietlorted' BIERMANS askvery onanifliolLS iriuch of an Consent idea what that Ithey may Mr Chairnlaii, a reading of the amend- billlleuliaiithe asp0151t it fromseeks of Georgiaorder 'to put Mrthat the IsANDRESEN the not000ernflucnt smendntent germane of intoto Mlniicsotaollered this the sectionland by timebusiuiesa of gen- the Mi. Chalilulals. I niake not,ailoptIhave do tile not to restriction ply know or olIn whuther o pay the azumountI Propose due In the mile Committee of next amendment the Ooyernnsentthe Whole will would lk5t 5' ThereTheMr JONES ChlAtRMioJ,l Was no objection Just with reference I there objeclios? 5e1.lillul? to thin sell Ion. i'iiji'it hit tilemiiii.d,iic.s PSt III ihe 11.0111 Conoilihiec liavulig'l'iie tIlefor aiou'iidmuI minute Is its make read, a betel state- liii ill.ihiI 'LIA fi IItMAI'honi law a? 1'. ll,eie objc'i,tIoli lii Ilie reqii'st of Ionthisslid amoendnieuutlate.secure ihe titleThe in the CIIAIItMAN Oovernlneilt by the provisions of Tue point 01 artier isovi.rruicd. The genhi.iilaii's ilOillt of tirdi'i conies 'I he Chair rctog- tIme rhiyhitIftoThis you plovmde mum aulienanleulmmdamut for this tilt I shall not offer silte.m.'ululimlt PortIons of ainl'muduumCumtIs lhemmneceisary eela(tacli.husg thihuily lo of suchh terms It unless this amendment gIve the iloimse the you andWould conditions, hare Is adopted, fight thatfromcently lime Iowa voted almml'ndmllcrutMr ?ssvmni Mr. down I he Mr. HOPE, Mr. Blrellkfl I Chsairnuarlnifered by tile amcvthy1.v1 . I aIn soul, ever3 1)111' the Climiuluutr,. hius gm'rltiemnii,uUtica feuitmi by Itle (.,',,rguii oestu1.,eel OtlIlbIc 110.1 Ic- sides SIr'lucre IIIkHMANN was no oiijvctiOil I lilt Ihe bt.iiiflCl.mry of ihiis Mr Cluairivhufl, In? oinenulrnelst pro- iii I caiiliot pay out his paticiieeSigh's tile of geuitieman tIlts 110550Mr. frouui TARVEI1. at thisGeorgia hour Mr. iMr. ofCh.ti theTuIofl man.day, I. mpeciailyt dislike to lmnpcwe on tIm subjectmutingwhether tothe levy Interestor mintand you if vould attacll icstrlethopthe borrower so Urat tile sectIon to of tlsat kind, consider thisdoneaniu'lidmu'ult Coruslmill had wI offc'rv'11 lyesdoplu'd by vcsks 10 do ill It tIme gr'ntl,'mti, n is au,vulit r Suly 11.1 117 lIfli lows WIulild ha,, 55,1 liii, 1 Sian in li,ss ili'an 20 years lie has to be an owner-Oper- since I realize that it Is ii.'srdly possible that any anmendinent TIle CIIAIIOIAN site for 1 years It woind slot be Ulihied Slaru's hub or 01 I he OIoll'.r III I do rIot licjlI'ie It lion I lie (ilfl,.ifl let II t us (tic put,, I fly'i.lelal'ytoailIl'lilllsli'IiIStill 10 br yea 20 Is.of yearsut Agricilliure tlii' genhienlalibvlore ioay tie providecan trofli get Virginia othu'rwiae. rid of Inuilts Ills turin. the tunIc kilt, of course. slider either mno'ndaocnt 1111 The believeIciveadopted.which 10 does iirescnt not receive Uii:. the approval of tIle m.ounnlittee wIll be hat the el,uhl'nlauiItoweoer. of the cuiiimnitta,et am foi tiflid at inheart tile all-intention that I 1l10'lidlliu nt be eoiiolderatiOli bY flif '.lmcakimigIhegia mneulsb.'rshiphas hereexpim today vii oh justMr PETEI000N of Ihie llumc,e is unilerulauldTimeOeorgla tlnme of the Mr. Cllair'nlan gl'lmtlemnaul Ibm Ocur- t desire fu,r ceiLmimuslursestate a wayi'irl'uummu.sl:umuecstulry of u ofaulyonehat Agrli:upuire Ice who Ihuehns hitliul lilt'rio bli' 101dmflciui lIe slidincomes 5 11111 I'tIftSpI .5 111111 lii 01ccalibluc'ruiy tO OlI,t,'u Eli:Ili'I Iii' I.,, lii, huh ia ti llie unirnlllmtl'nt The ainenilioentCHAIHMAN to the amendment was rejected. CIIAII1MA.fi TheTIle quesiiuo is on lOse autenilriiriitlow recurs 1110 tonutproves tIle bound ansrisdinrltt tIle byprinciple the actionand of askthe of aasli.ndilleiit youIns tocommittee agree andto ithe that would if lie agree WillS contlorutsbill inbut no In Way tIlelunpress A,nserisu.n otters upoui you the fact that a sOlUliomu of the probleun to take lug tiumme of In my opinIon 11515 Ihe Coullmhmtte.that I am fiatwhich toddsy Mr TARV5RMmMe 'hAll 1101'S' I yield Mu ('Iii 1101.111, arid ufier Ii us I Iu,iu boiltiu'nI,u11111 Ii' Ii l'O,'rl,t hr gnu of 7111, u. bill ii ninendnietit u,tluredMrThei'iie by TAIIVEIT. The tIlesnsrndo,ent gentlenlauiClerk read was floraas rejected lollows: Iowa. Mu Chairman. I otter an smnetodment, qui'stlrli ' oii benefitnotenantthe rights landsof the In or that the 000erimleiltequltues arcSecretary toTile theuelnhr sold purpose01 of tile to10 Agriculture accrue Unitedthe of slmarecrohitler the to Ststes. theamendment fur tenant the and oruseand with sham- is andilium to vest legal title to Insensible conupletewhichamId manner, does harmnolay that attackthmeueand thIs Is before Whlth dues WIthprovide (lie fImndaatent,,farm tenamitproblem amid Infarnm a sane.this Holism a bill a program that iH, R 67481Sound, andpopujstmojj. of limeSubjectmolt slur lie tulthinks lie slIm thaIMr. hIOlIR As lIme cv'mltl,'n1iuruaeqillru'slull, r lu' fill Ill Will tIll' ui'IIltI-h,,.,nbIle m-qum,i y I I Oil llIOi,ss (01 if Ii,, I, ihItlirIll .11,iL..Ii,limu I Ille mo'nim (uUC Ic is 0 1,1 II III,, Ii,' .odn,,uli, 11cr '4 auci ill..m.ri"IllsimUmnblAn,enidufleoi ohm'S vesuluug vy buff the Toanrslegal title On IC page th 4. lIne'slinhi I l,eyu', airS by', urIs. vut yule recualildel Cl lIce I ri 9v011c10 ore Ion hun uu iibeuu5 trier ill, tilemeusiacropper Secretary that except may of iiiAgriculture.be accordance executed or with excliisnged tIle teirns between of tlse himinstru- and Ills to enable (hr House ot Reprunaetitlltiou't. 5hooi,l It The purpuwe. I tlsiiik. is maui- Ilune sgo,lIce while government I Mr PETERSONMe LUCAS ofMr. Chairmen WUI theGeorgia, Not at this gentleman yield? timuse, P"lflchples Of Some- not 1.0protecthomesteada While collie the sOIl.here homestead niost of If tIll' gi'nilrnlomu'5 and ask tIle Comlgrrrn, ofthe Ille Sisil's fumier5 01 hills SlICe offiii,, Oeou1.ia c)ki.iti,u,i1 of Ills Stale he Un11,11 Priiil'c I ri'Ii,.iul,, Whit'I ought ililt liieol,esi.Clltrdu,,eert'°iiuui't cl,atl Cc IllmilieU? noualu'i005 InMr aerordohices IsslshuetiJONES bv5m1.'lull tile terom vI the issteu- i,,rrri Or null it silO iuiucri,yhMr liitrl'ill by the blur- Ctsaluuulsus II tise gemstlelusatl lrom desiretheteusant.dttionufist. to ehoirnnon do soto which tIleby a humeights suhasequeuut it cannot his secured speech attach. amuut'tiduoint. reiuhirdlitg by asthe Ilas share the been tn picuiioi.edcropper stt.cI. tl.piaIiittt coil- or Bier- tileb permithedforofhmersiup Denmllark ovem In the30 borrow hnhueleasyear,Wherg up underwas speaking, whicha programsImilar I was program has plIght of the farmers to approzlnuatgly 80 showIng to the farmers have beenbeen in esdatence of the natIon amem- umsitwobillto dohim It Isit line inlemmdml 2, page Mr. TARVEII But wIly dIyl "or upon hulvolumlltary lhle gm'ulIl'mu,ii1u of tIle United Scam1'5 trari.sI,r 01 Silil" bruit Itt lii (hInrgua(lit .ciltatiutl wuih perunit. by the Igeiitheunafl ask mlnanumnus Irons Georgia consent that that ill slyer apeechies the themann Ooverhiwlihit ameuduuieult. iti.ehl. uuihcss When thatthe titleis done, of the then land tIme is ccsted 000eru- in ntariajmsgtIme value tug p11gM of their The01 tlse United Stales loans. Department of farmers of Denmark, Agelcujtmmre Rate, thAI percent of In slim- I amprotects tOyIngtransfer to the or rIght sale, ofMe. which Mr.TAJOVER HOPE, That protect the burrower The very bIll has no applIcationthe tofarmer subjectmoans 10 salehIs ills under provIdes for this timing agsinat, rqulLy to lulvohulItalyIn allydcl Siate process?homestead WIludba whmth JuNe 29 1937 6566 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 667 The CIIAIRMAN LI,,' SLate uses not protect Ito citluena In Include MLsatsrippt. North and South Carolina, GeorgIa. Ala- Is (lucre objection to the request o( the The Ctcrk clad as (miltuess: Mr hulkIf banta, Iatiijaiatia, Arkaaiaal, Oktaltottia. artd 'l'ezas'I'Itere m:,'ntlt'mniin (loIn (tt't,t gli.? tlwir honiestead rigliti,, lt.s ltcpreSi'tttatives blioUlil nut come Titere was no objection. Afl.eh.iI,,mrimn oi!r,r'it by Mr hl,,c,,,I,, thr.io,n,t,,,,.nIFYI l.y and ask the Congress of the United istates to do so. are niany In aU sections. and wine lit every State, but tlti':.e Mr lhrtt,i,hi,ikri,ui I ''hO 500'' nod hOl,lLii,iv 0,-il5i,..!l'' In liii Stales (race the largest percentage accordilig to population. 'line CIIAIIIMANThe Clerk will rr'port Ilse neat ametid- Now. Mr Chairman. ihele appears to be a oeutiinr'nt on mint Itt ordi r. Mr. MAIION or 'l'i'ra.s Me Chmlrietrtami. I'tib,,h,' iy ,,si,II,.' of the gentletriati front Georgia (Mr Per&ssOe I, and In niy tiwtt State oh Te,rs.b'I' percent of all of the larrti- Iii.' lilt 'fltere are ft.ur other Slush's, Misalsu,ippi, The Clei k read a, follows: lndutc.'nut'i' ofiti,'lluuusetti:,iItIllSlihi'hi Ii'151.01 Ii olIi,'ts who have spoben. to put the Oovcrfltneflt of the ers are tenatito. will b,wiltirtg to it.yti',itim nt' (iii a few iuiiiu,,t,'s Uiiilrd Stales Into business and funtish every tanner with Arkansas. Louisiana. and Oklahoma, where tlte percentage Atnie,mti,se,mi OiI,'n,',i by Mr Pier,I'iii. 5. titer tin. S. Inseri of tenant tanners Is greater than Teoaa. ''u,mmilsnail eouitsuur.si,mt,.riS ut,m itimnIwer of sin rich tv.i,dan anmendinciit whmiult I think Is vt'u y rieees.soiy iv liie till.'., b.mt.iita attil.r sIlo aOcns. yr sIr, acs approved Augsurl 20, 1836. ful adininbutratton ofitts bill. I undeislatid that lv (lie idea of the gentleman One rcitsoil for tIlls high percentage of farm (('nancy In rmotserity refereed to as UI,. h'eaoter.Lema. At:t, as ogaln.5 lbs At least. the Soutlt Is due to in',utlleient capital and consequent hign I merely providi' in hum' attrettilu,ii'Iht Iluat rim 111.111f,imLii,' tiorn Georgia IMr Pirtosusi. although he has refraIned eesretary s( Agrtculvure umilil Iv. ha. paid as much as IS portent purpose of purchasing a f.urnt until, this Fltrtiu ,'$,'iiiiu I y Ai' Interest rates.TOte East iuttd the North. attd especially the off lb. parch... p.tco at lit. ruin.' (rots telluig us eaactly what hIs plantothis afternoon. shall be made iti caress 0(96.500 tu, any one aluimlialIl.Cci - just want to call attention to the fact that It his Northeast. hat, had art atnipte supply of capital and resultant The CIIAIRMAN, ButI low Interest rates, wlole In the Soutlt funds available for 'lire gentleman from GeorgIa Is recog- laInly that figure Ia high i'mtougli amid certainily hiie Ci,sgrrs', already been proven in this country that that Is not the nised for 2 nrinu(e.. of tire ttnjhcd Slates oraisltt Co eorrci.str sotmie jUnm:.uikt iimrm Ucgtnniflg in 1610 and Investment have been of lesser votuine, and consequently mere way io solve the tezialit problem. loans brought hiclier interest, making It more dll8eult for Mr. PACE. Mr. ChaIrman. I ins certaInly concerned Inthe money that it apprvpmiates. We owe thus tit ouumsu'tsm's iii,riiiit the period frOnt 1631) to 1900 we tad Lhtr greatest doIng aometlming for the tenants of thIs Nation. The fact and to the taopuiyers 01 thur coimmltry tileI,eterntage of lenants to borrow funiit, witlt which to bay farnt (romeo. (titrate in number of ienarits and in At tIle bi.glnnlrsg of the present sei.siiin I Introduced a bill ((mat there are 24,000 tenant farmer, In tIme 24 000ntleg Everyone sm,'r'rnm,s to be raihur,g this biti an erlwrIlmimiii.lair, lenaneYiiiItils country thatrueever haul during any which I ant trying to aerve gives YOU some Idea of how bar- afraid IL Ia art eoperiniu, lit that is guulnig to be e, my iii We had as itieteaae of over I If. 10. 3590, to proitiote ttte IturCliase of (aems by fargo (eli- 'ii' siiiiular period in our Itittory iit.s. and the bill now being considered Itas a number of the portant It Is to my peuple.ThIs bIll has been deacrihmed as poInting to the country and to tlte temianit lii mummer wul. l0000i10 tenants dating that yctiod of time, yet during ass experiment.In 1le hope of makIng It more than a noble resent, features cotttOintcd in my billOne of tIle chief dIfferences. I should like to antend atid pet frethIllsbill5,51 that tone our ltomettcad laws were operating and there - however, Is that my bill woof d have mitade avaIlable a much experlrmuent merely, but rather a ortomlaful experIment, I make it a success(uI calmer iment In the right dur,'s'li,,nu 'lIt,' was brought mbtIle faxni acreage ef th:s country utore thInk we should make the bill as practical as poagible,You fact that It Is an expt'rtotettt dix's not JustIfy us mu lii thug In 1080 the average value lacRer sum for tIre aid of lam, tenants titan the bill under than 300 090 000 acres if land. consideratiitt, The bIll we are now considerIng authorIzes have voted to lend lOG percent of the vitae of the land. My to laydownpropr'r ruheo for ttte g,lmirik,tratmon of thur bill. of the farms in this country was $3,000 Tod.my the average an amount not to exceed $10,000,000f or the firot year. amendment proposes that If you lend 100 percent of timeThe solutIon of the farrn-temianicy problem Is ettatly Imioir- caine of the farnts Is $9,000. $25,000,000 for the zccortd year, and $50,000.00 for the third value of the land. 100 percent of USe value of the Improve.tint to the whole NatIon, and we oughl to spare no rffou tin IfiiIto decade beguining In logo with 300.000,000 acres ntemsts. and In scene cases 100 percent of the value of tire our attempt to Insure a pu 09cr begitrnIng. tie tenancy problem year. or an srgrertate itf $83,000,000. My bill would have of free tarot lands we e'iuld not .01cc matte avamlioble an amount about 13 tim,'., this large. My stock and equipment, th*t certainly the Secretary of tire Every tIme a Uemsibcr on Itie blanc makes a 515,-it ulmuol but instead saw It uncrett,'te, If ho 1600 sehen you could buy a Treasurythat Is, the United Statte Governroent,ghouhritalks about time Integnly of tate Congtcso amud lit,' teh,'l,tioli facto for (3.000 we saw the tcniincy problem Increase. Ihen bIll proeidcd an Interest rale of 3 percent, whIle thia bill atipulales a 3-percent rate. have sonic protection agaInst those few who will try toof our prerogatlam. he gets a cheer.Ilere Is an ohopmtrhiunity I say that the indiscrimInate gieino away farms Is not the take advantage of lisle law.It Is theref ale provided In UsIa This ircaht Indicate Iltat The chief dhsappolrttntent about the bill now being con- to vote foe ne coOtrol over public fnumith by Congte.',a and way to cLue the tenancy problem stdet'ed it that It will furnish aid to only a very small number gmendmdnt that before a person can lake advantage of the assert our proper authorIty. we ace proceeding along the wrong dietitian Intfris bill; Pluter-geesnke law and otay tile proeeedlngo for 3 years, he The btli Is only an eaiwrinieflt. We doof tenant farmers,If the average logrI to each Individual The cagIest way to get a moan into trouble I, to henid luiun and we may be farmer should be $8,000. thIs would gIve aId 10 only one-half must at least have an Investment equal to 18 percent of thtoo much money.My amendiutemit isi'iglttinprutuempie, know that In other countries, notably in Denmark and In purchase price of the land. and certainly since we hove so little to lend n each coututy Ireland. a plan similar to this has succeeded Success In of I percent of tire tenant farmers. Some member of the ThIs bill, of course, Is deslgased to help (be tenant. The under the appropriation provided flue mv thc,se coutmiries gives us ovine ground to hope lhat IhrOU8ls commIttee. In discussIng the bill, has stated that the present thus nmvasure. we bIll would only afford loans to about one tenant In tech Secretary of AgrIculture will be In sympathy wltlrtireought to sdopt thIs amerudment provuduhigthaI.ii,rloan experiment we may be able to work out a plan which wtll tenant, but there viU be a few tenants not In sympathy wIth under Uris tItle shall exceed $6,500 be sucecoslul In taos country and wlvicls Would justify thISCOUnI y of the United States. Thin Is grossly Inadequate, but the b:II dues tnaugueate a polIcy which I hope may be de- the Secretary of AgrIculture, and certainly we should Dot I have been In most of lire St,ites of the tJnuio,i bill. ut I permit a man to borrow 180 percent, use tin, land for aknow that agricultural conditions and larrd prices viny ru The ChAIRMAN The question Is on the amendment of- veloped and enlarged no that the Oovernsrment will otmU fur- ther aid and encouelge In a much larger way home owner- year, and then file a proceedIng under the Pradier-t,.mk.dl'Serent localltlea, brat I am compelled to say tltaliiti,., fered by the gentlenian from Oeorgia. ship by lenant farmers by making avtallable a gretteT sum foe Act and keep tire place frre an addItIonal 3 years without Ooverernrent Is goIng to pay 100 percent of tIle Ilnirehust' The amendment wag rejected. this laudable purpose. one dollar Invested, My amendmeflt providee slnsply th*t hepIle. of a fanss and turn it over to an occupani witiuuinit a Mr LUThER A- JOHNSON. Mr. Chairman, this bill Is The coenmittee Justifies the small amount on the ground most have an equIty to pmtect, whIch he would Dot have In down payment there ought to be a llntnnt of cost Hoed toy designed to redeem. In a measure at least, two of the pledges that the bill Is an esperlmcitt. and that II It Ia found that It a 100-percent loan, befor, he could take advantage of the the OovenumsenL contained in the national Democratic platform of 10(18Otto Is workable and altoeda relIef, that the Qorwrgsmetst will then Pcalzer-Lemke Act and atay the proceedings for $ years. Mr. JONES. Mr. ChaIrman I antiteltl,oeiluigt, sic,oed relates to the (acm tenancy problem and the other to the launch a program of greater magnItude, and which LU be Mr. JOI4ER.Mr. Chairman, may I be recasniged for WIth the purpose the gerrtlerrtori has Itt mutes, but xc I tiimik purchase and retirement of stabmttargmnsl lands ofhell a beneficial to a substantIal number of the (amOs tersanta of minute at this time? we have a much lower limItation tItan ruggi'otr'uh by character as to be unprodtictive in agrIcultural pursuits. Ii,' AmerIca. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Teigo Is recognized gentleman. We dlscmjsyedthatittthecormunhuill,-,' Wv' Ac. to the first, I quote from the platf0rin Home owitershilI by the farmers of AmerIca Is of vital lot- f or I nnlnute. talked about $3,650 arid $3,500, but we f,iund ltt,iiIi,' vice irs We rei'c,lflire too evactit vitiC lvii. or torCh tics-cu. Uliht portance not only to lhe tenant fusrmners. who will be per- Mr. J01482,(sir. Clralrlmsan. I have talked WIth a number of the figure varIed so greally we couituh nuit put ott sin elite pirdte. the lvii r,nyrraiislt 5! Liir O5r.,flfliesi iii tile ItIiiitto illsmitted 10 borrow money from the Government at 3 percent of ntcmnbers of the commIttee about this amendment. 'Ibey lImItatIon. becauae what would be (air as tlhiphim'd 1,1 ran5 trdebledn..s iris is're.S poa.ibtr rats's at iaI,'re,tsnd I,, line aver a hitig term at year. wtth which 10 buy homes, but the benelteent eflcCt In the are not sure about It.I wander If the genljesngn would be eectbon Is not fair as applIed to utholtler.'file nIh rn',rm"iliie,lt Title I relates to loans retluetlon of Ihe nUmsiber of farm tentants will favorably willing for us to accept It for the purpose of stsidy end then people may put on an upper lImitatIon and tlul' Secretary 'flue btlt Is composed of lour lilIes altect the social arid economic weUare of lIve Nation as a delermbne our poslhlon before we finally pam tire billy may put more In the farus. to enable tenant fanners .0 buy lanti horns's, and, due to my I am I believe ivilh the lirtuutgiimoiis whole.Worthy tenants should be given a chance to buy Inclined to believe there Is some force In what the gentlemen we have provided the limit wIll be mum-h lower and f may liniitetl tinte, I shall only brtefly discusc. this one feature ofhomes, and every encouragement should be offered them 10 says. ny to time gentleman I hope tire asl'race (acmlt will thr' bill. ui The ntimber of farm teriattts in the ttnitu'tt States Is so do oo. Mr. PACE. I thInk It Is proper.If the genllcman does trot. lower than Ihe figures augg,'rtcih by liini,In oo,iue lihuiui's There Is rio class in greater steed than tIre tenant farmers then I wIll ask that It be wlthdr.wn when we get back In the there are truck fannn In other huhite,'Siln,'me are d,iury orgy, and their diniitiUl ion is 01 suth itripitrlottce that the of America. atld I ann glad to vote for a btll which will gIve Ilouse. farors wheat fuinn. cotlolt (antis questionof naliotialInterestgod vu'getaiitv'fiirnllsnub prmtbtem raisesa recognItion 1Ihe net,'d of thIs worthy class.I recognIze The CHAIRMAN. The questIon Is on the amendment they vary In ealue so nuuch in ditlr'rt',it cotntuiu,utties Iliat 110 poitattce. that the billwill be a dlsappointmettt In tire number of offered by tire gentleman floor Georgia lMr. Paczl. It Is not pracltcah ho have a rIgId linnit 'flie number of firm lenlinis has greatly increased In the farmers aided, but I feel sure that Ito beneficent effectswill Ftily years ago 25 perc'tit of the farmers I The amendment wa, agreed to. Mr. ANDRESEN of MInnesota, Will Ito gentti'ni.ins yin-Id? whole country at once be recognized, and at the nest sn-salon of Congress The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk wIll report the next amend- Mr. JONES. I yield to the gentleman front Znlulive.solo were tenants, while today appriixirnately 42 percalit of all hoping that a larger amount may be made available am ntent. Mr, AI4DRESEN of Mlnnesola IflIne the lanriers aie tenatits Mr. JONES. Mr Chairman. I ask unanImous consentthutt ii lnin'vil,ou'uitis 'lire Clerk read as follows: adopted, the provisions of tIns bIll could misthis'mmu.imti'lii lii 1935 the latin tenants nuriibi'red 2.149.000. and in addi- all debate on Ihis section close in 8 nttnuteg, operate In the nortlrermi section 01 this coutituy tion to 11110 there were 116.000 far is lt'iiantb generally known Is there objection to Ihe request o( the Anueiuiimeni offend by Mr Mario. at Tess.: Page S. Its. 21. sad The CIIAIIOMAI4 Ieee 4. Ittt.. I end 2 strIke 01,1 ail of par.grsph (a) at asetiog $ and (sit' JONES I moy say I had Ilte ovine liii huhililcv In the Southern Slates as vltareeioptiris. ntaluing a total of gentleman from Teoss? ii,ra'rl5 ilerr Ilteseof alt. followIng. heard the testimony of the people who ieprcsctuleuj hit u,,i'i' 2.065 000 larm tenants in the (listed Slates. There was no objection. "raIson. meds under Ibm. trait .11511 .50 ese.ed Sd.ago lo any so. Otis areas. Ttiesv' 15cm tenantS are in ittI sectiona of the Nation, but The CILAIRMAN. Tire Clerk will report the neatamrlill aI.piieatui alsO .11011 iris be lii tumor of Ill. Sensual 50506.4 by Ins .r...nimy rn,wnmtmaro. Io Its lb.valueof Ut. furor and .11.11 not ncnd (Here tIre gavel (elI 1 New Enmt;taitd md the Ntielh Atlantic States have fewer than mTient, tie r,rt,nuna 500'esvory Is ennitle time brwmrswer to aequtr. tire farm Mr. LUCAS rose, The largest number of farm tenants reside In the 10.0 eluihil he arentreml mIff a Oral natragag. or a deed me 105101 so to. lhe test The Clerk read as follows: Tire CHAIRMAN. Por whnal loir'pucse iii's Ito' i:hit. Souhiirni and the Central arid Midwestern States of the AwettiIDtesI offend by Mr. Tarn- from IllInois rIleY Nih. Aeeorditsg to statistics the 'high tenancy aeea" In- the aniend Tine ChAIRMAN. The Clerk will repnrt the amendment ho The Mr. TAIOVER tlnterrttptllsg the reading of Mr.LUCASMr Chainnian, It Is so tmblioii', lIh,mi by dm5- eludessi's'i'ni-lot tltrr'ri and nine Southern Stales. wlthdfaw Ihe amendment offered by lime geslilemari Zxttmn Alabe.nma tlngululrcd frIend (ram Teaaa Nimrtli, rn StyleS b,'ing North and South Dakota, Nebraska.menti. Mr ChaIrman. I ark unanimous consent to Mr. Hoogoj. Mc. Bomb, Idi--, lilt thor- Ksrtsa.s, Indiana. Illlriot.s, and Iowa. The Southern BlaMe tins asmiendnment. oughly apprecIate the value of tIne Corn and Wheat Butt 4 . S 6568 CONGItISSIONALRECO!1I).I lOUSE JuNE29 1937 CONGIImSSIONAIm ii ICt)II) - !IOUE lands In ltliiiols that I desire to revise and extend my ri- provisIons of the lo'ndiflz bill, th.it purpose nicuns far Ittore sn9oluutliy 5 KIt.' eev,'r,,t Stle% slid 'turd tvrti'rolu Its' hluisue'f of thu low owimi'r liming dips ti'u'il of Ills limit isiti'.inult'st upon Its fate. farm, hn,Ittilutiohi stud (tie prevameses nT tesuscy. flu uirvrrninirmi by itohiiui (us,, tiisrks in the Iteeoaa at tOils point, atid I ask utiiinillious (be Secretary sIii'v'uml,itors or turmoii'iue',lu(inis beforeii,'hitsfuel',' .1 'nutsbillauthorizes to be aplurotiuiatt'd 110110 exceed consent so to ito aturti'ui I camunuot but believe tbmud tile sit aiu:hit fiirw,mt vi $10,000,000 br tIme first yeutr illtile opt'riition of the plan. Mr. PE'FEI'UqON of Georgia. ;, I 1 there ob)cniioo to the request of the Mr. Chaiimnan, I ntiive to The CHAIRMAN not to exceed 425.000.000 for the second year. and not to atrmke out the last word, 10 acsiii uhi'.se il;umigv'rs old ho o'ouk out hue pinto' lii silL Ii,,' gcflhieitiafl from Illinois? grm'u lustbt'mui'lit ui our exceed 450.000,000 for the thud.The nigsintnmn that lids Me Chimib nuun, I appreciate tIme gu'mttlu'nmatm fruini Xatisa lmouilt'stpress.th tail,'I.lyit,,' 'ritcre was tto objection could ttiestt in apsmroprlaUons would be $85,000,000, or lens makihug the suggestIon that I have lust presented to tIme sluspll' itiocu's.'. 01 lutci't't iiuuui'iia.se iiiLititi it' Ii,,' (I,,', 'ii,,,,, I Mr LUCASMr. ChairTitati. dontig tile hearings upon arid ricoh' ho liar hm'nsinit fu,rmmut'ts ui (1,1,'I than $30 per tenatit farmer, House today the provisIons oftime propiustil whichI am tile n;i,li',t is.' I lie turin tenancy bill there were frequently injected into There are 3.050 agrlcultuial counties In the United Slates, tibtuett'I'uuusismiht utrovisutuis br to'otiu'r iamuuh 5,0 111(11 Ii,' lie teslintOny and discussion and statements which mdl- advocating for the relief of the farttt population of Amner- shstamtce of Ihtu' Ten million dollars would not buy one lurin In each of these lea.I may say to the gemitlemun that Instead of creating I li'pum I nit'uut iiiiiuuiil his neil it Iiln ,k'i ruti'd that In certain sections of the country only a small Unleso this bill means a start least. Wi, sIi,imulil 'veillistill iaul mw liilii,'I''.' 1,.0 cintiiutit of cultital Was necessary to transformhopeless and counties at a cost of $3,500. an entirely hew agency with tisousands of addmhionai Gov- on the road to faenl ownership for at least one tcnant farmer of the Govt 'miumicol, amuil mus Iiolitis iiiIll,' DII' i0.1011 1, submerged tenants into happy, lttdustrtOus. and contented ttflnteflt efliployces niy proposai provides that the General the Governmuuu'nut in every agricultural county of the NatIon, Its blessIngs wtii Land 0111cc, which is one of tile oldest du'partnments of the sltouluil lie dtsiouscd of 0mm tlii, imo'.u',sill, l.ttidowners,As I recall, the gentleman front TennesseMr. long-timume pumymnm'tit at very nosy trrmuus lv our (trial, I IiU- Mtrc,IELLI tisneiled with conildence before the committeebe no rare as to be almost indloccrnible.Three thousand Oove,nmeng, shall proceed. Imot to buy new land as Is pro- latiutn, tenant farmers beneiSted out of three ntilllon would be vety vided in this bill to be given to especially favored farfners. hut many tctiattts in his section of the State with an op.' 'b'herm'fort, I shu;ulh suttipou Iflue atuicmidtmir'ui I vI ill.' vu-u, crating base of 42.500 could conquer and hurille the f antt few. but to buy liens on farm mortgages,It further provides from lutwa Naturally, those sections of the country whcre the pre- that the Oovernmnemmi shall In each instance proceed to I Mr Wu.seis I when It1.5 011cm 'si Ittivuvids of today and ulttmstriy reach the peak of com- I lIu're the gavel fell I vailing prices of land are ldgli, will contend that us low a lIquIdate these liens, with the comment and approval of The Clerk read its follows; fort. hatipiness. and prosperity. ceiling as $3,500 per farm would not enable a tenant farmer the mortgagor. Mr. ChaIrman, I call attention of the meun' Tile genlientatt from Teaas iMr Maniost, following in the to purchase many acres of their high-priced land.TiiIs bershlp Of time House to the fact that the average ferns ssoke of such unusual npttntlstn offers on attuendinent to this But If Iheir land prices can be SIt' 5 Totsirryouillt,e ttrovuxiill,, r,fIii..tile bill limiting the loan that an, one person should receive to would be perfectly true. mortgage today I. approximately $3,500 amid that the aver- trod him be ol,luraI,rtal,',tluau to tiered lii, (i,,,ii,l,i ('ri,,,',, justified upon the ground of real value, then a smaller num- age else of the farm under mortgage is approxunately ISO year rliuttumg lone 30. iO;td I do not question the good faith of mill co dcccii .1:0(10 (Cci (our,,' II , il $6 500 Mr Chiiit'tnatt. ber of auch acres would be equal bat productivtty to a larger acres,finder my bill In every instance where the mortgagor year estiinug Ionic 30.009, au,uT slit tocuceetu S0,i,u,O,,,,a fir ilistittguuslicd colleague front Texas.'rite getilletitan begs Asanu your r.itmltig JulIe 30, 1040 the question ohen lie attempts iv itifluescetilts House, nuntber of cheaper acres,'rise purpose of tills bill Is not to so desIres he may liquidate the farm mortgage goldji.1i provide the tenant farmers of America with luxurious homes have the right to a free homestead. Mr. COLMEIt Mr Civahrmmuunm, I viler auitiituii, lou's t citing tile Home Owners' tan Corporation hails attd emer- As I etivislon It,Itis to gcni'y cuop loans uliittt which there is a loan limitation.. You and splendidly Improved farms tHere the gltvI fell.I Time Clerk read as follows: bring to our tenant farmers the opportunity to work out their Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanImous consent and I know those were emergency measures, designed to aid Amrmudnnrst offeri'ih by Mr. t"mit,M.nP,,0, 5,ilv (8 own salvation on good land, according to a fair plan. aitot that all debate on UsIa section and all amendments Useret.o perlual nutS anew . ,lirsrr Os fotl,,a, the little fellous' in lttuiiediatr amid dire distress. The polIcy ecu. 01 0 peececi of the ssiiuoi,( if asul,ry uierci,t ,,tulit,,,u,,., i we iiitnue today is being followed utudcr the theory that tt through with hope of independence and constantly lmprovin4 clone in S minutea, i,hi: surroundings and financIal condition.iAppiauue.lWith all Thu CHAIRMAN,Is there lmtmjectton to the request of approprtaird Dix, be one,] for admmulsicirasive will become a basic and funilamneiital part of our law, and of lists Lam In hearty accord, and wish to 'spread the benei5l,s Mr. COLIsLER the chances are that it will run the o'atnut of centuries. the gentleman from Testis? Mr. Cttuirmnamt. I do not cure to lab,' Ilue of tile bIll as widely as possible.'rise larger the Invesinient in There was no obji'ctlon. 11 mInutes allotted tuu toe ut hue dlsctiosjomm of Ibis ano'miili,uiri I confess that I atn not entirely familiar with all the con- the individual project, the snialler the number of projec.ta. ii butI ditiiitis wItii'h roist in the various fartnlng commutiiUes of Mr. VOOItIIIS.Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the call your attenhimimi to the fact ttu;ithit, uimuulusutii,f as tnexoiabiy true as mathematics. last two words. money apimroprlaied Isvu'ry Iumuti(cd, audi IlnutIthams iv America No iionibt. as the distitigumslied Speakcr of this While I am cordially in favor of the penditta bill. I em Itouse said yesterday, that there is a great satisfaction in Mr. ChaIrman, It is useless to try to speak adequately on estlmnsled it will amtuouuit to oumiy imp Ii iusiiul.0 tell' 13,000 us'- not unntmndtui of the cecIl greater need of tile farmers if a subject ax broad as this In S minutes, so I shall rotatingcoututy If dk,.tribtmtm:mi tlmroucluoutI lie thu tell Si ii us .S (tel' lotowing that you owit acres of growud or that you own this Nation, owners and tcnanha alike, for a sure and ready great satlsfacllon itt goitug my remarks to otily two or three things. we are going 10 lmutvc only 5100110,000 fiur the Iii st ti r, I lotIt ntay lie that there is market for their produce. at parity prIces with the price do not Wauit ho sue any smmbstamiliaI turoheurl (tutu Out and building a little log house to shirt with.Its Ihab 1mm the ilest place, its huts been stated so many tImes today, uufT his curves of use coinanodlties they must buyprIces wtitch Itis obvious that the problem of fann tenancy can never priatlott wiped out ulid dissumuatu'd mi tivu'ii tail u's Suit liucisre there is a hut of setitinietit; there Is a lot of feelingwill assure them rraaooabie profit upoti their inveztmrtit But at the be solved until the gcuuerai pnmbiemti of agriculture is solved. Frsnbly. I do (mill kciuw what II5',omlih'lustIi, ;i,I,,,i,,ur ,1 that is worth while to the future of America, of motley, time, brawn, and brains. lAppleuse.i this bill I hub,, ruivimaivor,'mi ho gut stO(iC sante time this is a cold, hard, liructical World, and uttiess 'limo omlly cotmlributiofi I want to atako to this thought Is till 10(11 there us somu'tiiing more than Ilte liltla log house in the This transcendent neeØ of fair markel,s for f.fln products thaI I doubt It sill be solved until we take speculation out time subject wilhm,iut any sorties.11,1w herr, Iii,,0:1,11lu Is to be taken care of 115 the getierci farm-relief bill which limit time abtiou,tt whiuclu iou him'L's Io'tOIt'll (or i,it'i 10,1 ii,, woosis tiuemutt who is given Ilte opportunity go build Ihat of the ettllre process of the marketing of farm produm'Ls. 50 I hope wIll soon be brought before the House end passed. adiuuhnmiotrsto,muso Iamiihm loshhuu' huiiisc with Ihe taxpayers' nioney will ultimately fail, and tile gait bctwcv'il what l.11e fumier receives and the consumer amuuiu,'utiim,ui'ni II' Without such a companion measure we will not be coaler- pays cxii be closed, So long as eggs, for esamimle, sell for IS tdclahhofl, Cerlainmly5ia,'ti'i's tisthi'oi,iu, iiii(i,,iv.1,., liiO,vertiultettl will lout. ring a real benefIt upon any persan by giving him title to a altomild be evho'iidu',i under any 1:1,1 rioc,l anti's, It is obvioas hint the getitlemnan frutn Texas Is tiitt fanmiliar Cn'ttts or is cn'nts a dozen durimtg tile ht'avy layung season 10,1 tIi,t Ii,,.,! - Without such provision, farms are liabilities, non tee.Isee so rciv.,imt ally 2 or3 wutlu the corn and wltrt belt of llluiolst.et mc remind my farm, wImemI thupomillrymmicit Lave plenty of eggs ho sell amId Ulen IlOIt'i'i itsht,,si,l ill Ia assets. It is the alixersce of fair nsarketing fucihltioa which climb to '40 edits or 30 cents a dozen wholesale when the auhllolent colleagues that the -.verage star family farm In Illinois Iahas caused the present plight of agriculture. Mr. HF.AI.EY If the $8,000 is the limit that any individual may elommissmon itteii and cold-storage houses have already bought Mr. Chiamirnu:lum, sill hhm u:otl.'ulsvuu Cl, 1,1' 1511 acres Would you really help the farmer? Then Insure fair In ntost of the eggsso long as this condition persists our Ml COl,MEhh Yes borrow. Ihe coniniittee in nip section of the country would pricee for 11w pi'oducl.n of the soil.In no oilier way call Mr. HEALEY. Istileiii, ili'mii,uuu's air rlil,uu, Ii I be compelled to look for farm lands sellitig at approximately farttters will have a hard tinte. 5'' 1,1,1 you enable him to buy the l.islngs he needs in a tarIff-pro- In the aceoitd place.doubt If any class of people In this "not to exceed S ts,'I'remut"? $35 per acre. That would mi'an Ihe selection of farm in tected market, discriminated against as lie is in the matter Mr. COtJi$Eit, Natiomm has been so greally harmed by time power oftIme "Ntut (I) esi't'u'il 5Iii' l'u'i'iul" it,',mi,,', I my section of the State which would materially handicapof freight rates, and paylnO tribute on every hand to those MrJOPKEII,file Chualrnmimiit Iii ,Ii iiil;uli;lIll,li,m-,,tI payment In full by the puospectiee purchaser, and It would Ilnamucial itulcresta of time Nation to create nmnd then to dr- mlii (1, who demand and get high prices for the things and services strop batik credit as the agricultural population.I believe all debalr gui this su,ctioum ujuid all asiv'iusismenus ul;,'ui'( also eliminate a certain lope of high-class tenant who would Use farmers must have.lApplause I In 0 ntinuieu not care to till that k.nd of soil.Our rich productIve lands aonuetiumng must be done about tins questlomi before the prob- Give the American farmer fair prIces for all the things he ft&r. CASE of Sootit DskolaiSir ('tu:i Ii neil,,Ires, r,v' nell from $15 ho $150 per acre oven In these days of economic hem of the farmmlrr will be solved. Iii'' calm produce, and you have solved the larm problem,lAp- fightto objectinorderho askliii'i'li,'uiiiu,Iiit distress. 1mm the third place. shall fote for this bIll and do it plause I with tome rnlhualasm in spite at tile fact It is lIterally only conuniltee a queslitimu,Isituatuti l'lp',ull',I ho' sin mat The records of the hearings disclose that It will take from In passing thIs bill, today, let no each and everyone re- adnministrmilhon oftime firstsu','thi,nwill ins'ut ofII;, 412.000 to $16 000 10 finance adequately the puieclt,ase of the a mere drop in the bucket,I shall vote for it because it solve to hasten as much as possible the passage of the c'fl- t.'ts forth a pimnehtule of American Govi'mnntent, namely, appropmiatiommoris Ibsen amiollmi'rapmn,uyri ui oh I,,rId,' average farmin itty part of lillttois, as contemplated under eral farm-relief bill of 1031. wIthout which the pending bill. adnmhmlislralhve rondo? tile, bill that the Atmierirali Oovci imlutent will tmot from this tinse for- as beneficent as its purposes are, will tall of their secoiti- ward be satisfied to ate a large portIon of our aoneultural Mr JONES,'I'hesihnilnit,,liumnit' duels1,3 tie'trail If the people u,f niy section are to be foreclosed front par- pjislsmeflt.I Applause I come out of the tumidx apluropn'iau'JuilOt: bill.Tim,' lolli I prefer that the matter be done populutlon forced out of the cbius of substantial owners of tiu'tii,tl no ill this fund, The CHAIRMAN The questionix on the amendnti'nt land Into a aubjt'ct class of tenants and kept there. We contpletm' In Ihat rl'gord, llirosch the adimiutiisttatiomt agency. tat it not be said here offered by the gentleman from Alabama Mr. Ilomlasi to the 'b'he ClIAlitfilAN Is tht'i'i',,bji'v'thomm Iiilu,' i,m;ll,'.I'I iiiday ttiat by adopting this ainendnteng practically half of are, Itrust, goIng to pursue this course unhil we have re- amendment offered by the gentleman from Texas lMr. stared to the position of sm'rwlty on their own land our g"rutietnan from Tu'ms? Itius Nutiiutiusotild be cnioitted frothtiurticlpailtigin the Idanos I. There was no ullileeliluui bite fitsif this bill present trnaitt-fga'xihng population.It will 1mm' a big job TIme CIlAllthl,qN The amendment ix the anuenhlm,'tit Was rejected. Ftmualiy, for my part I shall not be sorry if lIme Setcite bill The quu,'sIil,ul (0im iit Oh',' (Is Mr 110130$, Mr CivairTtion. I ask onamunious consent to obIctm:d by ili,:gL'uitli'utmailfriit,a The CHAtRMAN. The qoestiolt is on the amenuimiiiiut should pievail over tile bill we have before us.Since we are Sli'.si' 'lyi'a I SI ii,,,, m'siu'nd toy owtt remarks at this 1501 in the REcoils. offered by the gentlentan from Tesas lMr. Ma.tmolI. 'rile amnm'ndmttm'tit Wulst ejt'ehs'il admnittv'dly only mtmkltig a start at this gleat probletn It Is Mr. CRAWFi,.mIiI),Mu' Clisi euaui,ti. Thee CLIAIIIMAN Is there obiection to the requeog of The amendment wss rejected. most important that we do it mIght.Time danger of spectula- Itill, i the imenitleman from Alabama? The Clerk read as follows: tlon and a speculative rIse In land values and the danger iiieht Is at tIm' CIt'rk's ttu''k Three was no objection .QOrT..L. nWfllas'fli)H or ca.fl that the new farm owners will have a difficult time to dis- Time Clerk read as fmthiuiws Mr. ilOBBOMr. Chairman. Use purpoae of UsIa emend- StO 4 is making hess. under tIlt. (lilt. lbs samouci walab ml charge Utelr Indebtedness and make a ouceeos of their new Asbetidnientnlferi'ih by Mrt,'nso,,,a,,,i'll'.'ii(0,,'ill fluent ix manifest, oI course, but in Use lIght at the otherd.vo504 tat .uab ptlqS gmiriag soy nasal pear sixth ba llt.Iribtiiad ext "83O.iaiO,000" and sort "sibtuell.ilol', 1,1,11 I,,I,,,,-(1 '.1 venture must be faced. We cannot forget either the dangce lbs ward "emceed", sink. oat "a'aO.ttoo.iwu" amua,,,_,lu'-12 lui,u( 01111 6510 CONGRESSIONALRECURDJIOUSE JUNE 29 137 CONGRESSIONAL RECORDHOUSE 67I Is lid tn.rninel.nrrnierrrrdrrt sir ,a'Cii,,nr sirofl crest ri:rc',rst.ssr.r, the inCohirlrivinemss!ble thIng presented in thIs country, that Mr CttAWFOtiI)Mr Chairman.Liriswin.'ndillr'nt lb.0h...l_l_.O whIch has come willdn rrryen'an'hllnralnn:h Inn' I'ntie tnrciei'v,rI3 herr. tleninrrnnrrrni rnrrniain3ii tr.mreirnnloeriic. .mvmcccurrusry toes proaucen allof toe ofl run Airat!her rOliafless. Itruce tadI lieprnolieuoof rnnrvinre,ir',vniib n-callctuetrlrsrr.iirr.riut,el.,,obiersaircfl sesutomna of Congress, said somnre of these oim,,snnrnsii.ml sunrdyuiru tIne hearings, tilei cRocI 0! the Pr esrdent's Cviii. food of the people Is In a condItIon of chronIc bankruptcy lire So'crevmey inroy tire ide un lire rev.rgreer,retic, and that hundreds of thousands of the farmers themselves OpInion. cnrbodled ideas winich were at lies! parlia! sr,Iun I ninrlry. arid tire bill1 urn vu much in accord with whit tile Air irranroirioriernlrnierliii,trite'atri,Uiasnerreed inysetrutsel I refer particularly to lhe Agelcultmmra! Adlnnslnnmni iiAn'm .Ini! drviingubshed etrarrirnair of lire cocnniriilee said yesterday in tlroenryroea u.nrnntis. orrdhrr,aii'irine.ri oi Ito-el, learn must be fed out of the Federal Treasury. lice ernie ri rmgricoliur:ni prrstoerc. v,r by sire Olin CC cro,eeof II,. Mr. Chairman, even IfI cannot lay my finger on the kIndred separate cneu.snlres foe the Control st prioinurinnnrr Ii,.,! iris opn'nung vi .rtrnirrriand Ifir'! so much ttrot this is the ir'ee'rroimif Increase In farm prIces. creation vt a laboratory fur tire purpose of studying a social trouble or Sante the remedy, I could If my voice reached mi Oiiy larm owliere. tr,rnr rr.iirrnrc. trnrirrlmnio,rvre, Sir, far enough, do Some good by sluowtng whet 115w trouble ha In tIre hearlergv befnj'e the Interstate ('ocrrrmnn- ran' Cn,nrniitn i trOd protilerir, Lirat I do not drone to trove 185,000,000 silent mr. .rc or mr rm.m,'r,i iymnlrioiri ,'d not, on a resolutuon drrs'ching the Frdceul '7'rodn' Cn,tniunnran,,mn iii rite building of a tabrrralory.1 hunk tire Irihi winch will tire ivy iou terror mitlireirlrir,,,n,i.ler,viln.rnrnii,mi rnpervtimros sirS I am atraid that usia and other farm legIslatIon win,, r.mrr.rnrn 001151 credit mnrmnonrrr,iiin' rn'rnr. Iron, otr y trdervtiy focuses too much attention or ghves too much weight to investigate farm-machinery prIces. it dcvclnipv'd tinatii I. ii. hove iiientire her eafier and whtchr nor!! color otter sonic lrneoni,ororr.d ieririirmg inailLniitoil. niruil be ctlgilrtc tine boo. under productIon hn farm mnrchlsuery dechlsred Oh) liernrnt mItinne roper ririr oration lois been carried our should curry tire Org farsss tenanCy and farm debts as causes of the decline of this seettoll agrIculture In the economic scale and by comparison wIth depth of this depression the prices of farm nra ru!lnr'e)' runt yrniiprlatrons.%Virentile tenant probicucsisadequately Industry. only declined 6 percent. Translated lcrto the trmnns mr.! by legislated, Iriltroris of dollars wdi be involvedTilts bitt does SeC 22Tire 5'vreini,V elirnil vase puocr in orrt in tire comm. the critics of crop Control the p'arm Maehrneey 't'rmi',i inl.,rsr'd liv! iar'kte the real faelnnrs involved carl oato,rrnrorni oh lrnrielml,'nirnees b.'ro,'etr brimoehrliit. and tlretr Take for example the great farmIng fltate of Oklahoma under four rows out offive, by which obearnsLtrr-Yarm' rip State I hove 31000 farm benanls credibl, slid lilCut eoinpnrsre whir and prny(Ice whol. or p.rrt of and It ha a rich farmIng State,That State was vIrgin hr tint of a tolal of cli. espeir.le. of SlateTerrnrortnni. oirdrust sn;ibioleand corn- enabled to ns,an,ntaln prIces.The farmers couLd halo ,nin tJ6.000 farmersI'he greatest amount which ttie tellaflts nhltten engOed lii such nlebusdlrrslrireirtlie is .lm Othoeioed territory only 46 years ago when It was thrown open for from that book. ran possibly hope to get under this billis 160 per fails to OOntilloe Suncarrymillsirtrmrm'ri.kiirgs cull restleol to fuem settlement and the people were given free farms. 'They debt sahoslment Onoolspieteml St the rime when appropriations got a start from law, no to speak, wIth a clean slate.It Overspgculatlnrn In land prices, chlargerl as mIre nnfurinate, faniniiy 1 have tuken the floor tir're to tndncote my willing- toe tire Jiorpone of thla aer'inrnrr see Orsi nrailshrieService, (or. looked like the Ideal altuaUon for a grist experiment, of the declme In agrIculture, no ninubt had sonic hIm, hess in go along with this bit!10 ereatr' the laboratory. flirheniby tireSecreiuey rrtmnimrliii, serums shalt be Stltroot Yet I have poInted out, the proceas of dr'cl!ne has On', II cnn r elthnrugtiI disapprove cr1 eerlaln provnsionsfl is charge to the debra. a. C.e.11bor the farm census of 193* allows that more than II percent It. but it of the farmers of Oklahoma are t.naznls, and probably tisi over a locng perrod of time and when spcsculatmaln etrold clot only lire err'atlori of a taboratory.I do not want the people majorIty of the rest of them are mortgaged, have been a factor. Sb tIlts. the lint- It Is not much in cry Slate. etitrer the tenants or those who may be tenants 23 is) Foe tire Sucut ye.'rr u'irltiny Jnrnrv' 30. Pnmm my oivnervotnon I would say thmalri, rniir: l,nit,ir inn, iit'r ratter, to get tire tdea that tilts Or!! is being enseted to sIrens nil lund. .n'.iIl.,inie to lye b'oreiinrrfine .515 annrolief Is dillerent in Kaessaa, one of the great bread-basket flta*es. farber., puecrrnnt to Eaeoonrue Order Nrr1130 01 Ornelnber at. Kansas is a comparatively new State, contributed more than tile Imnulri!nhy nil LIne tar mr innprIce give 1111111celiel, becauseItwiltnot That factistoo It has practically 1820, .. n,endect by gorcutrue Order No '7567 of Frbrinsry iS, all been settled In my IUettme. but 44 percent of the farmershimself fromn and ega!sm.ot tire lnnsrkpt,i an! Liiynnii,'aai mu evident to claim ollierwise.ItIn viny the bcginci:ccg of 1937. whichore uireoiieimded tin June 30, 'aS?,Ire OliiOflaect to cit Kansas are tenants. market IsIs products, The nssjor port of trio hr apprinilrioted to casey sot the prollntosnut tilts tiltS. In my own fitate, Colorado, a new enolmn aci' Ltir,,rsni reser rch State. tine percentage of tenancy Is 39. on the market In a shoi t period of tlnlie Mr. M1CIIEN'ERMr. Chairman, willliregentlensan ibi Tile Prniaecrt ha nithorlue,l ts allot tin the Secretary. 001 of Ion Iowa. the great breaking it down. urvr'r inondrnmg anrni accproprlutlonS mull. for relict or work retlef 101.111 Swat yl'nr corn fitato'. rt Ia 49.These States and many other, dId TIne prices were always higiun'y! nrtnnrrinn' yretd? errdlirg prtor to July I.1838. suet sown is ire determine, to be not begin with tenants and mortgages. They began wIth had the best lii sellSpevulai Imrmr Icr thr, purr' .1 mm, mm, Mr. CftAWFORU1 blvtd to the gr'nilerrran fromMrch- creresesry to e,.rry alit inc ploel.innnn of turl. title slid to enable cost him a lot snore thamn specui.nlioir III the trivet tin:, tile Seerrrary to curry 0,11 ui,cii other forsso cii retuabctltstlOfl of the owners of free loll, and now whet be to be done about Irndiridunl. etirible cinder tinis titlein, reeetre rain, 0' may be thelli has becinecme a major n.stional questIon. Acting as an induvhrinial ng,lirn,'nt the orC,rlrn,otl ii .ini,n.. nitiii Mr MICIIENERAs I iusdersianrl, this Is to be a iabrnra- products he had no Chuilner uuliornee.l by law sun denigcroi.d in lisa Loerutive order nIirSCting Anntirer purisllng feature of the unfavorable sItuation of Plodsn'nlrg alL tIne mindti in, toiy but If It works, we have no nrnrney. We have got to the aiiotmsent afrleulture is that the growth of tenancy and debt among country, In. Irad iso voice ill thin' Irargammi Tin,lrmti i r liOn! I In, gut the money somewhere.Will It br the purpose thin to price of everytht,ug Inc sold dm1 LIre seuimr fn'meni irdriintrise Prahrr-Lremke bill as a corotlory to prInt tha Mr MARTIN of Colorado.Mr. Cts.rirman, lh!s wIll be th, farmers has been contemporaneous with a perIod of the hr rn-f posItively my first olintaut appi'alallce today, but I must go greatest Indriutruol eoprsn,Ion and Increase in material wealth eveeythnng lie bnnurrht. sand thnat tells a lnntnnfihrct.rrnmnmn 'a nrrirrey In do the jib which tilts bill crnntemptates? genoeably In the Imiaticry of the worhul, Moors. In a sentence. Mr C1tAWFOI!I)1 hate no tdea wiral a fulure Congresu our record on thhl importrncst legislation1 shall support this On the surface It biti, bccasrse it in said to be a slep in the right dtri'ctlocs. but would seem InevItable that agriculture would benefit by the Surpluses, tIne noisy .hnmiulnrn i iron of nn:nciairman'I'.inert I sin!! dr in passrng tegisiatiocs deailcsg with this problem wires caum,. tirreninec rinecitai wok has been can ed Ott arid when the I ann afraId It wril be a very shroc t strp illIs very long grrnwth of snucli a maiket for Its products.I have already Perhaps the evor nnrmmrrnmi gi:nmi.rry nr.nnninh dir. Churn. mentlolued tire fact that a hurrdred years ago It took 80 per- wIth the proirteor of fat lInus InnlenIn yn':nry I in',, .ini,n'.. ry Icorrirutric ctrndrtlrrns rr'I:rticrrr to airrlerllture frrrec's tlrat Con- tile farmer snout hamnnhhr., suctmlumne..,. err a to act, but I tirIng tilts Crrniinlilee on lsricuiture has Psi In tenorrcy 19 rIot the cause.-.and 1 thrill not attempt cent of tine people to peodtrce the food supply of the country, Marketmint', to state tIle caureof tine present predicaole,rt of agriculture If now that percentage has dwtndled to 30 and the other In which he would Inave u voicein tine mlnstriiinrmnnnnn itr,ne t,ne of tile uncut jobs in coirneetrour with creating a prices of his produela, coolmn'ranlvc cnarinm'!inng In ml n nm' lnrbnrr hurry lirsi toss ever bern performed try any house coin- IiitIre Unried States.Moilgages are clot the callow of it. 70 percent age In the consumers' clauo, that ha Ieensingty womAn alp &tne ilernilrnln,ln remarked tlda afternoon that in his opinIon another factor that ought to have contritnuled to the pris- His busIness must be regulated,'lines Is limier Ii tr e. I do bv'iievesincerelyih,rttile oinnruntoflice perlty of agriculture, whicim he must strrve. t,nnr.ninJ tiler yret ton is ccii rely too niuch for ihe the trouble with ihu' farruiera is (trot they are over.crorugaged. o turin iiilrrfl in but I believe that Se could gIve every fuc In tenant in tiuui Yet In the fare of IhIs hhghiy favorable coenblnation of It is Slot disputed tlinnt sonIc of the 0,1_a Wrrl kt lr;rtis trtin' r':rrrrerl ncr 1 wIsh Itiat tilts anir'ndcirr'fit , .1 (inn. r . lb, Uunrled Slates a lice f;um mci.ncmui c,tcici'I evr'ry riotlar's sot th condltbonn, tine dus-Unu, of ariduItw'cu bile rotv'ndn,'cj ove. tibe Aaricuhturllh Adllislclun'inl Ant. ttmr' cold Iii'irittntitt'rt here ttnilfly.rrr,iI 1.0crIIin oIl sirlcn'rIiy. a crnm m sun tnnb.n,,,,air, of fnnrccr Illorlg,uges ill IitrtIiuIl,'d Stales, arid if we hi'mmve III ining period of time.FOr example, In 1880, 25 percent of I ri-trrrtrrri;hltiling to its wiriniri be tii rriin'r all aicir'ndiiim'irt sugar sets, did nnuolu to Irull tIre ir.ns!c finenni m-,nrrlrrnr,r!n', our-c ahruir tire causes which have lraurketrpted rrdrnnrlilure arid the fanncrro were tenants,In 1900 the percentage had the cowltry out of the hole It is a u!Irn:mnh.me o kutri: Ir 'r grr';rler appcirpeiations. llininn mu nuade uciorigaerns antI)to'clumlb,s. grown to 35. huustory would repeat Itself, DurIng that period of 20 years the number measures whIch are Slain. whrinIr ivelrnosi, saLt mmml,,mn, Srriiirose ynrnr wore a brrard of directors, wrruid you sio'rtd blur! in a few years lnmrme we wouid be Cornfrontl'd wIth thu of tenant faimnera Incresued by over be tIIrowIi Imn the llnscnnod 05 000 000 on a laboraloiy, or worrlri you epecud a rr,30rrn- 1.1100.000, althouglt They web e grunt fnnrtL ierrnn,n sonic courdltrons wimlu which we are confronted today. durtng that tim. 300,000.000 acres of new free land wore gencly, but bud as pv'riulaiin'nl lni'IL'milmr,r. I lm:mnr,n nun 'tile rcirrrrutrltint alter tlrat l;tb.nratory work.s out tile prob- settled. reconciled myself to that Inn. n I thrnlk one trrmulrle withhire barmer is that lie to flOw, in Even the givIng away by the Government of a vll'whroilit.ItIsImnn'.ilnh,' tIny I litII briure yOu, 111111 proceed 10 build a piairt to vast rich public domain dId not stop the growth of tenancy carryin lit,'liii which haa been drirroiritrated Mu proc. a hrgh!y urmgamunsed sun Aety, tire last sum vivor of ragged IndI- requIred flrodlllcatiomnu. bunt I stIll have aIr rnli.,Irrrlmennnr,mninc. vidualusnl He iu trot orgailizsd acid apparently he does hot among the American farmers. tiun that thu the fmsrimu hi'gislaltolr winrn'in wIns Unto r'nr irtv,nmm,h Inn .rrrirtry tire tabrraiory''flri'se ore tile things that have b,'bcvc In orgutrivainon. 1 Inave dounbforjrurl.d farmers by From 1900 to 1936the pr.i'eente'7l' oftI n I-" S''mn'erre en 't,IIh.'"m i.nrirrt.'nr' by rrrgairizod irrilustry iiirorurih yr'ars of eopericnee,. y lr,'n ac .n en' muon imiiln sayIng thirl. In tiuy judgcnim'imt, they errrrtd take a leaf from tn3 42 and tar total number of tenants in the United States nic.'tlsods foe tIle ru'gillaltont anmd si ublLn:':ni nun atminor-ui Lii, hintIirrrlre rye writ trot go aireaul acid t.qualrder *25.000.000 as shown by tIre census of 11)3* was 3,865,000 out of a grand the bank of tabot- and orgaurize hike labor has and bIke every and that no successful fonnr pmogranulncne:nh rn air in. or liii 000.000 uiineecrsarriy, when we c'.rstd proceed to r pcnd total of 6,013,000 farmer,, pvrtrree n.rnr,utrt and rhr'ur Cohn. along with a bIll which other interest has, and agriculture In thIs country would wholly free from the Inilurmilce of tlmose nlm'.Lsmnnr'.s mold tinc!nln, tire irrriblern that is unrsvetied by reason of tire begrn to get sonrecntreee.The farnrers built Chicago but So It appears that for nearly 80 pearo, and under whet Mr. JONES.Mr. Cllairnisul I ask mind mnirmnr,nu:. inn they do not own it.'they built a hot of New York but they would appear to be the moat favorable condItIons In all aU debate Oil tIlls tnthe slid ocu orb unnrcmn drum is m!n,'r. dncrrrurst iariolr of the laboratory.I Aptilnruse. I i do not own achy of it.They tol!m'd and produced that otheis history, the great basIc Iniltistry of agrIculture In tire tinll,ed bin 5 nlnmuutes. liii In, lire gavel fetl 1 tcriglrt own eltica.It Is a sirrguLar anomaly that tIne peopte Btatea has steadily lout ground.It bus been progreosive 'llrr' Cl lAr lIllIAN'liii,qilr".t innIs on tIre anieiidiiititt Mr. OIEEVL'lt.Inir. CIn,mhmiirrrnn. I re,-rrvr' in,' mu inn of the Unrtcd States who Irrorluce alt of its food cnrmrnlot nrske and conUnuous under all changes arid condullcimrg and ap- ject, in ordr'r hr nyk hIm: ml Innicrnmrnrr 01 ii in' ct'ir'd by ti ie erlrti,'nran frolrr Mivlrnguir a lIving out of it Is hInt ilrat a simnsuiar thrrnri? pisrenthyIt has a0ected sgrtcuhttnre alone. 'line ,rnnr crrlrrrerrn teas rejected PuttIng out Quvstion arIll rn'cumd to t!lelreavmsmnnn.s ef,,nnn,,mn2',! One hundr,'d y,'arnr ago it is sand thrat ri took about SO per- $85,000,000 over a period of 3 years wIlt not make much of 6. ar to volnnnn nnry adjnnstinnn',rn n,f!lIni,'bnr-ihmn,.,, br mm,,m.nr Mt JONESMr Clviii Incur. 1 ask unaintiriolis consecit tirat ernt of the people of the eourutr'y to lrrninluce fraud for the a dent In this situatIon, a io II and ill livi rail as titles. dr'btors and tileIr CredItors,L).os tLratinn mmmc anny a is.,,, Today It takes only 30 percent. and fanuun dr'btoms? 'l'I:i' (I1AII131AN Is lirrc objection lo the request of n,mlttrv7 population. The growth in form Indebtedness baa been no less alarms- even timat 30 percent appareurtly eanlrot make a livIng rut 11mg In March 1833 farm mortgages amoumuted to around Mr. JONES. Yr's; it in: minI !rrinmn.nl inn tire 'niO ir'iivrn IrItt l'rs;i.s'r In,,,.' mmii,- Iinn ofit Asricuhiule was IrnuuctvrurptIncfometlnnidi'pressioi'. $12 900,000,000,'usIaadetnitllstratbonhasput bIll.lImitIs .m lire irn:r. l,rrrh irrr,rn. out lIver gm-nun UI Imlanslainnmn.II 'innintl., man ii.. Ar,ricuiture Illtbrrs country struck bottlrm du. jig whialis $4,000,000,000 to relIeve the faeumn-dm'bt SII.uatunin wIth inter. lii n.'si'IrIrich 'I ire Clerk i.,ai ryI, llrrsss: snutd to have bIll tire scout pro'.pi'ro(rs errr in tibia dr aIry eat as hruw as 3iacrul 4 perci'Irt tsr anmuum. Mr. (iIiSh'VL'!l I!rim_airs thr.mt ani; f. nun. I rI itltr,l,c,irryarrr,s loss. inn .ini I...... other country IntIne world,It ts tngonrpr'ehenc.lbbe.'l'ldere Itt arguIng th.ut tenancy and debt are not rer,ponslbti, to counprnnniisi' h1_, nhl'lits nail !,.is,Ii must be a hot of caises.I am satisfied thIs bill does not for the c,'comcoinhc condItIon of agrIculture, I aol sot to beauthority of tfrer iiit vr-,rr,.s OrI,, Tire se.rrtsry thouSave prrwer to msbeto.ns to hr. Understood as conntontng or nihmcimislng these conditions, Ci ii! ,',. ni,nir,r,i,',i,, t,,r ii,. prrren...ve of i,ci'ctrrok. Iarinrqurporeirs. touch It even ifit were on a uirur'h larger scale tlralr It Me. 3ONES.\'cs; any! sunnine mmii' litre nh_i i, in.,. Inn nil dma iv r,:i,.r err, mend,. orinllIar tire rofloorrcicrl cit We have to go dcs'pee than this, said outotitd vi tlsI'. be- On tine conlrcey, I have supported every farm-aba measure along that lose In adjouhnnmg fri Innrntirllc.is, ir,rir r,vm rum-ne. Oral tnt i.rrvuiy sociuLirove. fore we can arrive at the causes and find a solutiorr for 672 CONGRESSIONALRECORD-ILOUSE JUNE 29 I9I7 CONGRESSIONALRECORD-HOUSE 6373 frontTexasasks sod odrr,Ifllstru 000 0111011 nIhlIdS use Ills ylIrIlcives Ill a land. 'flits ho 10 my mind very uviole to the farmer, and tad- Reltabulilatiori 11101155011 till:suli,lnOrgltlOi 1111111 1111511110 TIlt' ('IIAIIiMANTIlegt-nLlt'mo.i 111111 111C tOCnIdclli is O,lil,erVallOuillIltilillli.11ilttlatloll lOW 111111 payel 5 of slur Nat 11111. peogeuin are eqlllilIyilIllilli 1,5111WIlil tileOu'ilIiIIl'y111111:1 1111 (los tOlilohls fllflstitt 111111lilt di'bOle upon rise title lint trail slit ll,lrl/l'ltill Srlll,sl,'r1,111-Illlroflerl Iill MIII IIu'.11'Ol' 'I lie CIIAIRMAN'ftcI Itlie of tile gerhtll'rIlaII Cr1110 NrW 'lute rellabllitailon gritlrt:Ihay,' liilIo:,uiilli;lIt1,111111 alit1 alllnletitllilt'Itls tlicicto close lii irsitiutes.is lUcre ilWItlIC5ll'l't 1110110 IllilIt.III1111 y 11111-restitlerl'lll. lll'qlulrcd kI'lIl by or irliil.sl,rred Ia 1110 Sl'oretory ilIrlIlt IllIrlIlle.lIttIllStitle 110 k I Mc lamD I has 551111 ed families alive hIll' 14,51 wittIer arId tIle I11;iros OIl' 0111110 II 1111 I.1 otilt II till? 1151 II 111111. nlly LII trIbe dll1011lIIlTls 115 fl'tlltlis.IllIlls fIll illllilic Me JONES, Me ('loitertian, I ask hillurilmolis cttnsettt ttsiif clmarice ho Ott OIling 000ili liii: 111111 gInoI t,llIli111111 It.i-,I' Tileri' Was 10 objectIon. tilirpue, 1010 Iv 'iloii llvciIl.ol MIld eats IilelltlIlllI,Il aol ii (Ira.. U alt mietlate On IbIs litie and till atneiultiii'nts thereto t:loue hi Mr i'E'l'hltSl IN of (111,11 Cii Mr ('11.111 rIOt,lieP't'tlir,il be dross, rl'uolrlxille gram omits ihe way no a wlst'I h;iild il_se 'l'IlI'',u:nil 'rI 1lnllrel.lil' 01111 Federal. St,ltr. TI'rrlllll 11.1111111 .11 ton iilil?ltn 0 illimlIltes, 31 nilriutes fIr lit allowed each of tIle tItrc'e gelstle- conftirul'd Imlrd,'e liLIes II arId Ill ImnIl ivy tli';hzu'5, Ia 11.111' .cvl'rllllll-ll t at tile ptt'serttL tileis stiendtttg a5lprouir.tutely it $ 000 11cr meson for cacti person vito ts on tIle relief rolls 56'lilettiIlldetl'lllilll.li piolIt tonIi 111111:111011,1111111 511111 101W sel'kiilg rectrgldl lois future olx'natioIth In ilII':ic Ileltls pcohIt I coils wlial cv te III'ulen suit laId IltIltOtittIlti. to 011ildIiIii sllrieho MIII lllsl-lilrisllollsneloililg The ChAIRMANIn Ihere objectlolm tothe requt'st of has been had of tb N,ltllln,I euntetiti that for a snlall ainoitrit audI. to rottdlcioll. slId toot or. atrerotlig. arid SIlt,,leitlodl, 01 adorn. ill lo ill Ir. nod to dl.sr,nt. Ihe genfleman fromTexas? If we ilhnit tite1.51' of 11111, 25 Ilereellt lIf file rC'l'I'cUI! (lilIli 111111(1 tIlls Nation, under a sound .ialtotiiil land program, pllsl,Itlg milsi etteeviseiy the P100°fl 1,1 call euttiplil ey t ettabilitaic lipon a sill 'Sustimlfliflg basis not net. lrltormutloltroitcennllllt rIles. There was no objection. 1111's.: purchased buds III 111111111 nod rIluiliIII 111511,1' 1 onto I contend that the If) To ni.kt' such rote. .151 .egul.ltolls a. tIe deems 'file CHAIRMAN, The qhir'slloii Is on tIle amendment of-going to thlow Ilie'nI rI: bal mlt'n of pel'sl'Itt Imllmids lillId oat title litditolual but tin entire farm fattitly, prrsemlt tt,.pnos nnd oiilerwlSe regslxie mIle 510 slid 000llpurlry Ocred by time gentleman from New Voik iMe. l,ot.iil. bill111W belort' thts membership wIll require am. expenditureat peopensy acquired by. or tnslssi,tlell to. dIe Ororetary br his rantt Onto time eeolaimllblg lililtIlloldIng taxpayers, of spprtlotntalely $1500 per farm family, and they will not be ponp.ine. of (lila (ISle, Irs order to ro,irtrse .110 utilta. It or udnailos The amendment wa, rejected. I have teen how nat hiss worked out in Iwo Oe 1111's' slIb' tn. purpose. of dhsl.LttleAtty violation or.oeh nil.. ulid rngu- Mr. WEAJUN. Me. Chairman. I offer an amendment, ntaeglnal areas In lIlydistrict,We have a corIslIlu Illillal lit a t'oltdut ion of complete economic lndrpendrmtce alter It Istiona strati be pumllulsed as prescrIbedillsessIon Slug of (isa The Clerk read as follows: Lii', been eupertded, but will be $1,500, or 100 percent deeper 11.51.10 Osatute, us .iettndl'a iU 8 C, 1034 ed. title tO, .eo 104), limit on levies as well as total du'bt.lIt countIes ualieel: lilt 515 Ill debt.Under my proposal, for every $3,500 or less cx- Aninildment oilers tiy hOt. Weanie. 1 On pate I, 1100 2, titer tIle limits have beds reached, it Is not only unfair but hIps ic- Woed "purpoer'.", strlk. out the period nod tn.ert"or 10 W500ts tical to throw OOto rI'niliimmlng laxpayers the csflllt dl 1111110 petidr'd, we wilt completely' reliese one family of its enlire etc ,, An soon uS pruntlouble slUr the end of curb oslendar .1w 000 qualIty us aunt uadfl tile terms or Iii...... lartn'nillrttiage indebtedness, and will also give a farm to an yran, tile nel'retarystlmil pay to she Orlillltyit. Which uiiy land Is that have beemm based Oh An assllssrlsj valtiation that lllI'lUllI'Il u.tder tilt. Slit. 25 pl'rrent of th, net ret.- udililional Linttly held by (lie nrc Mr. WEARIN. Mr. Chairestan, I have offered this amend- the lands lhsis iIOeI ila:,r llrograni wIll reniove nose ecreteril by the a try CramStIr 05t of the laud during ment to LIsIs particular title with the thought In mind that It means an unb;miuitcl'd lax 1,truelure that is millwllck,lllli', In other woids, for li'ss than $1150 tsr family we are pit- 55015 pear (Ii ruse till land is situated In noIre thuitlltieOoUilty stilllt'd to gturit complete economic iitdepenilcnce to a com- the amount 10 tin paId shall be rttetrtcd eiiuitably attlOtIg tile ri- aubmarginal lands should be available for resale to tenanLi It will relieve the road and schotti Commits, but where lily 101111 pIll I' turin family tmnit of this Nutiomi.In doing no we wilt speOttne cOlttiii.'sP.yrilentstO rountir. oiirler this slotion shail be whenever the Sccrm'Iary of Agrlcmmlluee thinka that It ma .4001. has been readIed on sinking fund levies, yllu cailniat shift besdl on tIle oa,tdltlon tisat they .rc usia hoe 51 111101 or toad hilt' able that such action proceed I do not expect to press the or hidjust the xltuatlon,But if this revenue frusmntIllread- be going in eontplele tlartnony wills the traditiotial Jefter- poses, or both 'ISis .eotiOli .111,11lot tie colitirUrsi to uppiy to sotlion policies w'ltieh we all claim to hold In such high .rnouatsrrcetnrd irant (lie .mit 01 amid amemsdment; In fact, I Intend to withdraw It because, by vie- 11mg areas mir from this subnnarginal area rail be ailillledto icr ;irtl lue of havIng discussed the situatiolt with the distinguluhed outstgssdimmg, legally hvutmed bonds amId wacranls It WIll clIme- Mr Cttalrtflfln.Ilipltrl'eiote ihe imtduli.'t'nce of Ihe Com- tier 34 TI) onrry Olit tilt protIsIllilt 01 thIS Ill ImtIIerdIn.11tttIir. Clsalmnlan of lhr' Cimmmlttee on Agriculture iMr. Joeezsl IttrIbute much to the wotkibihlty of tIre bIll tIltI III'ioll.iyI hate not dotteIllsdi'tlbci ately to take toed 10 tic apirroilnlllted ilIlt toelcoed Ito isitI 1110 ti,r tIle tisoal year Is irly imnds'rstanding that In all peitbabhllty legislation deal- I hope the colmimmttee will accept tIle anicrlmlrmllllt. yoltl little but to tell you I flroily believe that unless we do toning Julie 150, 1038, 01,0 rIot so emend S30.idio,00ii br esoil of tim. Ing wIththe disposition of submarginal land will be forth- illere'the gavel fell I ce,'sI,ililisll tIle farm potlulal ion of this Nat tort to a condition 2 ilmaal yesr. ti.eenaiter, Conritog.I dlt, however, expect, go I originally Intended, to 'rIse ChAIRMAN, Ttle gemitterni;Infcllirl OkiallolllaI SIr. of l'cllliornle indeprmldi'ltec' our free instltufiolia cannot our- Mr. LORD. Mr. ChalrnlaiI, I offer at. uiitellsliiidltst which Offer an amemidinent to title IV with reference to the transfer Fsrrcosorml is recognized for 3 nmmnotes Ii, at the Clerk's dclsk. of lands slow held by the Federal larsd banka to the Depart- Mr. FEI000SON Mr. Chuiccisaii, as ill tile gemieral alibI' I tlt oll'rinit lit yoli a prn:rom 11101is vottnd: a pro- The Clerk rr'ad as follows: ment of Agriculture for n'nale by thy SI'cretxry to purchasersophy of Ihis bill. Itis a 'hope bill'' In tillib on liIllOe It MIII on a comit.aet basis, and when we rr'ach that point I desire be administered P13111 hat isrigllt .a prograni that isin Ilannotty with Amendment otherl'd by Mr LooM Fa'v' 10. 511 tIe orli lines 3 to 14. ni a maimer tint will ua'ork out hoenllielally tile flue yt itreipies of lice gool'lnoleiit; a prograMs tttat IS itislttioine, uitd titsert; to call Ihse niatter to the atlention of time mentbi'rsof the corn- to the farnt-tenlsnt class In this could ry. mOtes',I bs'lIc've fIrmly that it eonstltules one 01 two major lii l,lirrttony with tile divine law's of God and the eternal "SIr 33, TIll' propr'rty celllilned tip tIlt St 'retort' to entry out tha As far as I am concerned I hiope thlit tile I'Illiilty 111111' 111101, of N,iture'fills bill H. R 6140 01111 the committee provisions of tills hilt .11.111 tin earruilt Irool tuuaill,n by ally Stat. plans by which we can solve Lire problt'si of tenancy iii the mlttrres devote their attr'flniont to tise 51111111g.Itch 'lla,i 11111,1 1111111 is 01111 h have keels Pr. p,ired after months and yeanor 1iuiltirlit .,uitdtnlulOOIhererot, bitt use Siirct.ey uhm,tt pay. ia Unliell Slimtt'n,'ntis particular procedure has been followed people In the cOuntlu's who will Inakc good, 0101 they 1111 IlIlt respect or loch propem'tp leurept property kited .Oieiy toe aarrliii it. with corny degree of success In other sectiona of the world, npend too much tUne relmablIltatiog farmers whll ilavl: spent rI 1.11101 lout 51 ody arid tiioueihtt ate now before the Public trans. purpotesi, Sa the nine or prsliticai sI,bditlsioil theleof nun. 1,ottlds c:ornllill tee of this house, where they rightfully be- Itoh She Aednetury ds'tenillne. to be lair sod and tIlls is espi'eiislly true of tIle Free State of Ireland,I 20 yeats as tenants and tailed to iil;ike goodIt sc'eulIs errmled. CII silloritit believe that when we are exprrlmentimtg wiih a proposItIon 1111111 1 slnl'erl'ly tnlst tttiit we will Ituce the cooperation rrnno.11,ble bilt riot nioeo (lion the property Sliuen linelllrrils.sllr'cl.l strange to me that hUe Congress 01111111 ulllhilrlz' lile 111511. of Ill:' rtlatriitanintl tIle metttbet ship of that conitnittee in nnll otiler oasensntI-litei S isleS would beluy.itile tItullell hurt. or so coat as tIlls that we should incorporate In guy model proj- hng of thIs vast sum of nlomuey wiiicls adllilltelily all not poiitir'ltushititinhllnIIsliei. peoper'ty Were onlIcti miyaprtnato ect, if such it eon be called, the various provisions that mIght neratcimtIle xltrfaee of thetec,mrttflrl.blenlw'lI illlliltic',t bi Irlgiog vital bill before this house. witcie it tan receive lndisld,iatTire prltmeilt or ourt, nolorisi clIalitie mllde nit thl 101' little coli',ideiatioii this bill has receited dtiring the dsp upolt whlcl, ivaes would otherWise be dIle sild payable peove satisfactory with a view to adoamiclng each of them to takIng Into considerationI lime things, P'IcsI, tile Ill) lilel who sucha built ihat we can decide for ourselves after that lust 2 dIll'.. Mr. ChaIrman, I wailt to call the aitemntion In stiU operuttng his own plaer: and 111001 imails l.ibll:II; u.s '11w CIIAIIIMANTIteI lltttttfI lieeienllt'ntanfrom Mr. fA)ftD expel menIal period which is the moot satlsfiactory, over a period of yeges to eontim,ui' lIt oIs'nate. 50101111 nile of tile Douse 10 scction 30, on hilige 10Thlo provides thot li.is expired,All time has expired. Kl'I'liing in Inirld lhn fact that I shalt offer this ansend-meat itunttWr of farmmlersintIredrlsughlt ad 1 551111 ('slot ii aI Mr l'nycnsorm I 25 percent of the profll,s from the sulotiuegihiat lands put- i;,'ieo Ttle Clii k read as follows: silent to title IV whic'n we reiseh that parlicalar jusieture iml bet-ti disposse1.',ed of their hiroperiy oltllolugii lilly 111111dI'Ilr 'lint liittnlc- or nll.MlsSlnoc lint ehaord by ihe Ooverliiimcnt shall go to the countieS 05 taXes. the r,'oding of tIme bill, I ask unanimous diSsent at Lids tune, onstrated, wtthosit dlotlit, 'I heir Imblilly hi, flirlv WilIl Liolu ,ltlle Ttie sulmanargmmial land as purchased snilt belt pay any iflooifle Mr. Chahi niati, to withdraw my amimemidmnent, mgirifahl gild prices whlalever, but will lake omit of the tax rolls slId fiomn time Third, sisfflcirnit alidrI.iullll,ItIIe Cal TIme CIIAII1MAN Ia there olaieetiois to Lime rc'quest of time credit to those farmers who are libte IlllIlt oIl ulilmeglIl 0,1111 S,,,,,r,'Ji'rl.enerrcl,let't, auillotlaed o.lddtreetelltolirvellly. it hoot districts arid file nigllway dlsti icts luttd that itlOW tllllIilllllll'l1,11111 l:vllnerlili 11111liflliand l,iIliautlon. tllellldiflg It.. gt'rttlernan from Iowa? otr the purchase of land HId operation hf ihll'lcf;il III - ietlrcfl,ollt,t 11,11111 slOsh Ore 000m.rgtl,ll I orrot i,rinllrlly lair. ontIme aasessnient roll urad payIng taxes There lOii.s no cbji'etion, It scents to me t itat this class of furlllu-r stlllulli rI L1'Il e l,,r(llIilOOiloTlill order thereby lorlirreni rosludlunilnelIt. It will add to the tunes of all other foeni hinds and all Mr. CASE of South Dakiula,y,tr. Chsabrirlan, I oIler an fIrst attention before we go into the bilsimiess lIf 1.11 III;:: in t.,,,ti SI'S'ulid I liii, 11Oct55Illrllitiroilirlli tillS erealall. retort'.Ia. chIller properly iiiIhie district 'lucy wtll have 10 bear the 1111 rIot 111111 reocuillig atrieeidirretit. tenant farmers for whom the Good nntertt is 11,11, prrselvlitg realsuieen. mltlautii.g beIrut,. bilrdems of taxation that was formeily assessed on these psi- I eqIlil lit tO tnlp.11rrlleiit of d,'itrls 0110 re.eevOtr.. rrlrlsertlflg ulirtiler' Mild sIlO. The Clerk lead is f 11110w.: pay the full purchase price of landtrIllI lien l,narI lIly hull oll,lliureprotectIng the lcnler.ti.d. 011111' Igohtenirrnms, tieuiar lands. amount necessary to start amId Ilpelate tIle forio i,ratecilni ille lllihllc lund.. lltolih.otety. slId nelfi.re Ira tile Slate of Now York the Slate buys land for reforesia- Am enilolent on;'ncdtipMr. tasu oh BoothDuh,eta: Oil page 10, lItre 13, uflnn Ole Worn "both". stflhe 005 tIle perlvut,lInenS I However,Ifthe eoluily colrllnllt,'es1111k olmtIII' lion, The Stale buys tile land atid it is assessed foe what the sonlirollln xnd ills Words'on applIed So slIlkinA loildu ror Site lralneti and best-equipped ylsulig people ill ILl' 1111111 Ill's 51,032 To rtti'eiUolr tile proraui prutldca for lit aceiloil Si, Sfaie pays for it, and the State pays taxes for highways and iettnrment at 5101105tIn Waeesnta irgai1j haloed uud oimtsiandlag Ill lbs S.,rrI art- 1, nuliiatltrd schools Ott Ihe sanie ba1,is as otiler real property in the at tile (late at tile piduoge of thU sot." Sloe them he advantage Of IhIs billItcmiilIelIfor it 'ru llcglllre by l,UrCi,ltOe, gtrl. or devise, or by trallrtrr Irom benefIt, because the boy arId gIl Ivocatlotlaily II,ibnit'dlot cot' ole'voy Cl tIle United Stall's or traIn 0111 5111cr, Territory. or distehet I do not plopose to assess the laud but IIsaoe Mr. CASE of SoullI Dtmkol,a.Mr. Chairmon, this amend- life on the farm will make a succeo,s. 1,111lubdlolalun. sotlmarglil.t laud and tuildlot prinlsllly a bill whaich the Secretary pre- illteresla to oi.il opUuits on s000 taken hitS language frOm naemit Is to page 10 of the bill.The nonteitce to be ameoded This, Imowecer, is not the reason flIr my 1001110 lile Pile. .0110511' tr riitillnilOrl,Silo sented to us.I propose that the Secretary decide what is reads as foUows: 1011 bell PrP'rn may be acquIred .uiiJeoi so uny reaers-atloco, Three years ago I stat-led talking ubolut tile OlIst 1)001 ilIld till) IllalIllIllO i-allies. Ivrel,'sto, ellsemeuts. or the fatr and equitable tax for tIle 0000rnlnent to pay to Fxjrneiit. SoeorInIle. Under tItIt ,crlion sbsii be made on tnt. wisid erosion in tlte panllalldhe of Okl4iotmiu aIld bIn oIl, IItile yeer,'ior y deterrrllrlrs will not irltertcre With (lie 05111. the various counties and sehool districts.On ihis basis they eo,idiiion Silot they bra us..'nI jar .011001 tie road paopu.ns, or broth 1110 '11111 cr00-lit tllrtile ltlittitots Of thIs title will receIve payment, and the eaten burden will not fall upon FuuthwestI Introduced several bills on the sulbleel.- ilroll','lIlllyellsl'Iteteillil, nod alIllllnl.t,'r ally pr.pt'rly In other wards, My umendisent adds to that the authorIty foe this nsoney $961 ihat ptOs'tds's for aim apprllpriahmorl for mIle S.c lit .11? I ltc'r.Oo no fllli be tue taxpayers foe these curious purposes. 10 be applied also to Ihe sInkIng funds for eettrensent of of AgrIculture to cleats' a spc'ellil"du,st bowl" ocea III live tltllilBIIll.ttlellntleilliU% In tills bill we are trying to relIeve furmois and at the same boiidt and warrants legally bound and OuI,staisding at the 101,10? hoe OrolllCliIse IlistlIlar nt. With or Wllh. lime we are addlilg oil to the tan rate of all othec farniors Southwestern tttateoitfldfluetIree,stsbhislsrrli'ilt of 1,1110 I-Ill,, Ill, Ill illll.lIlY properly 511seq Illleiliold.ruus't, terra. time this act becomes law. breeding and experIment proji'cts; Ii, It51159, alihillll 101111 If In the tax dIstrict in oider to do It. 11,1111-111111 11111111 III ill' li''l'nts Will best Meet'llIflllll itle plirpcoea In addition, to most disiricts where tIle land is purchased A 600d deal of the debate on thIs bill has been confinedthe Seerctary of Agriculture tlt create a sio'cial "Ilusi bowl" Illit ally tflieeti-tl'allge. or gralltutllmit be nlode 01111 to to tIle subject of the farm-tenancy pmogram In tItle I.p.s Oil ellfldiitllflStIltS the thcre in bonded Indebtedness and the balance of the tan- area In Kansas, Okiahoma. Colorado, New kl1's CII,111111 far as I am collect fled titles II and ID are gquajly lmtmportantTexas; II. R. 2206, mnakim.g on approprloiinmu fIleI 11111 1:1 P11111 I11,110011 hrIllIlile purposesTile ncc'reiary Inuyreeion. payeeo taut have 10 bear the extra bummden that liOn been no.1..lIII III'- tsr Illrlli oUtlet Feilrrsi title Or Ti'nnitllll.l10irtl,'ill In Ihe Crest Platna area. relief In the atriekeus agricultural areas; IIIt22111, IIi.it to tllll,lll,l,ievSlit-itllrllperly. sugsttirr witb ib. noaditlomla iii Sits assessed against the land pueclamoc'd by the Goceruiiaciit. LXXXI '-'410 6574 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JuNE 29 1937 6575 thumanmesticlandwould underof provide Allotmentthe Committeethe for authority Act.a 10-year on 01 Agriculture in.program SoIl Conservation of has purchasing .150subject worked and pasture dining Do- on this time. The dl.tlngsilaised and able chaIr- At last a bill that covers the 8tatethemadeFromby the State of the byGovernment Oklahoma sgencienthewording Department of suchto to the carry obtain assection of baveout Agriculture the this alreadyI proper program. beenutilizationto cooperate set up of Inland. with my now every effort will be drnsiopmsstrueslnompletlosof7630 Frb ofr.hnbilitatioo inry Deccinber nsI and land II.peolsota lass, utilisatlos a. to.ooirsded resettlement projects, by esloutivo for purpases. which Order lund. andNo have7107 land . 1037 and puresans to PublIc Act No i46. nppeo.ril CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE m..lI cationgovernedmeanlaws Act. andall pomona regulationsentIrely appointed by the Thetrom civil-service elimination andapplying oslaries tolawnof paid thinthe slid languagethemi,ecilon the would Closcill- W,likI eoeniptiiig Lie file rtcli-tervlco thegramThemibject Importancepruvlsloiss are 01 contained buying with of Unquestionably submarginaltitle reference in Ill.title Ill. to landthe the submarginal Is Government before thIs land policyholly... pro- of granting home- I hop, the House realizes Offered by the gentleman'riseThe amendmentClerkChAIRMAN. from read South as was follows;TheDakota rejected. question tUe. Csaal. Is on Use amendment TrTL5 IV-Onvoni. P.ovision. quiredp5gb_so.20.tobeen theby 1*37, allotted Secretarylbs Beorelaryare by eutboelsed thsteeSec P555145.5. saidpuressot 44 Tilepsepsa.. Is snIe heto 0554 lbsappooprlsiad whIchSc provisionsthe other areb.I.00ls dispositionuneapeaded SIto01 leery this10055 not, ofout on lSSiiabI ally or Jasesaid real properly ac- nassau. fiovlscons afltic.nLs ye nfl's Usemyself.includingby the civIl minority servicethe Relisbllcon nienibems no tarThin no membscm. of thisamendment Ilie bill Coiiili,itIre Is ofcouii'vri..d, tlit ii theCOlrucliutve oui sublcct AOl i,uihii,.'. of oh;;) a flihirorily I civil) I submit there Is iso lustlilcatloli for kiiockiiis u,hit steadssandUngulahandarea and destruction was(forms establishing betweenthe wecause have of the ofland. alwayssmalleconomicdust Many stonnsunits had distressMembers In 01 thetbe recent West.towestern thecannot years homesteaderSand plaIns yetand storms din- the 10-sae.c_sApifidtues 00 a ins Farm pawn.evens. Security andaifbi is) Foedutias £dediiI.teatiaaTha lbs aeorina.'y omhersd puep shall toby .5.1st this establish sat. 10155 cepartm.stcd sO Ibis not, the S.emtsoy shall have paw.? bs Is sbs gdividedS50.sIaynay Interest baIl on ofthseein.b.IialI lb. Inten.t of .hniilb. United of be the n.bl005 StatesUnited to ofStat., tn. nod.sat lsmevatioo isotherIns all lass 0051. miasmic a. by un-oIl. lb. in or us_s auth pospinty. scorns a,. nanson or Ifwillentirely,not you eliminatebelieve lack Uscn th. In It,in couragethe thcbut civil nnnneIt you servIce.to ofbringdo justice believe ifIn you abrine bill inwant ohio),in a 10 bhii ciinirsiilrovoid here Iliot ii tile civil ocr Viie. rot lobe pi,h. If yro cii goneallmonthsfineare with causedlilt7 the eves ofsoil bsre burning by thatthe highsubsoil slightestbaa nun. winds. been In this breeze,The Cultivated, country dust and storms Is thenWben worthless. ire dried thIscaused outsoil byby This dust will rIse tililes In the Not Is Qlluesbl.ortheunderaslatlossi amay spoeatianapoe'tlsn 11110 andbe II.. 0.omsrl cs therw*. setopemsion. the 01 to enopenaalioswhiebany or111 Inposition Oppoint asm01 e.giolisl bizi.50500.4 In 01icitbout a.esteod seam curbsean. to such outsideeegscdseason toIn mae.a Staleelate the tonod than tbs insotheOrist employ...T.eeitsey 'r.rnsney.lvtl-ssevlc. ass 01or law. an Na pareos shall be appointed or .ranol.rred rags- p.rtiseotpurpss.el.lg.gallon.. and end 01to the thIsthe research method. act,verSes. andsoc relating may sepsolsOf 46 publIsh 'ma to theSeceotecyof andhis eoeditiosua dieese.imsntsaOti,ltns. is authocin.d and ISO factors 005551100 to rosiluctalan- surveys. 1550511- vIsIons romaine .oeo.npllelhlng mnet slsslively, the waychanceInterestedeliot.outlaw toat Improvethefor improvementiiicIvilIt, thatthen servIce It eysteniIs In to Thethe everyperfect In believesnameclvii the chance servicecivil-servicethe of systemItfair youhas has icily get bel.'l, aridsystem,not do beennot motebut perfecl lire it No on,' slo ii 'iiu,',e i agulolledhundredsItonly flood.is moredoes like unbearableIt 01 destroya firemiles nor the around. doesthan lend Ita thatreachflood The ha.s ordusta peakfIre been cannot to and cultivated,the recede peoplebe extin- likebut for It is a constant menace day after day and when a pseloda10.sovebaa.nfliOns ue050crregion, besa such01 ofsot as asstaid more10 i actualthe .5011 ortbaa cam Ter,lloey, and position on.,may bonn-sd. stat. be. (diaugaNisgor isae eagion. n.nlsst'Frnnosy, as 01p.rlsda the the11015.. m etateso esaidanc. slash so mn'ltsry, person 001- than I year east prmsdielg lb. appoistinest bieb .51.5 sSieS Ic In_s.d. bar isay be. CIlli. payematScpaymentof variablepain.,obligetion lbaodwill parlodapsymenla heemnploynd or eoli..l.d isd.bt.dn.m Of eubaormslundcr inBen to periods reduce which 45to him Thepzoduotisn 00 paymentsa usdor aurplu.Secretaryabove-nOrmal thia or aDs,.below prIces act may tb'slanderthe producUoa provide esquiresInquired a system for the payment of any civillanguage,thisInapplicable Service, Ifouse It mesna and for to Useconsideration varIous thatI Democraticsubmit the bIlis' Democratic If you fromas Party permitthey time Partyincome thinto all time. bill tooIl aSoliloL tuythe be floor pa,soed of iii Ito prvo.hll lhieoe years tolionilcmitfordiiysthe sul 3therain after.years roundinguse Government clears ofto grazingtWkle Ihe land atmosphere this toand buyproblem removethe this Inhabitants Itland, Isthis likely restore land toof as return theIt a to menacecountry It. a ecu-few So I hove sought leglolallon from the Congress A bill that would com- nod..1appoiaatSecretary theaceIs s5th 51,1,10. or5550nad tileiii1.015_s teaassle? 01maaisg 000a.st Teflhtsry. Oo.eesiisast toeppslstinesi. sisly 01 a portiOnlbs illparsons Accept agency errvisef Se 1111001 and 0050neo.d.teanalee. a single00uUlias eshideols to bi.s,voluntary uuliensuch 01or sale theauthT.eens.'y 504 511511odicee.. portios Sncsaspes.nied erevb'e.. IS tbe spnealiona 51 the Oilr. the States,till.Stats.. actact,Blade andshall unlessby by samoano he the debt lbscot Benretsey ci eecrelaeydue sOy toBee, lndebteues ths to shell47nsySecretary NO pm.on Sod net-al tbau underunder slsnu si14b thetbe he psomisisne pa'oeIsIoassat-oil made .IU against 5.4 0101 this any payment to be against nay payesenls swiag by the UuII.d 0! such p.m.. to the VeIled civil-servicewasjustlflcaUonconichas being out never In brought OpposItion lawsa adoptedfew alsould betyears oreto a theagonationalnot the civIl apply,whenCongress service platform enil'rtcncybut Llimreto providc iii which In no that Itouch domed ihv 'There wss ooise legiiulal.locs espanslonAndprivatethatfor a haswIthInradius and (preud we theof Government couldseveral course and see Is hundred of graduallythe our efforts area Illetime miles. between Increasing made at Its .othe present far InRocky tospite stop ratsMoun- of II.allof This area is a ears a.eaic.s;ofs.raas.ryvision..e.lemployees. Oo.ernslent. sopandhlursepuechmo equipment. inand sO logand sucharig. any personal lai100motios staid. 5p01 WithinespplsesTorrltiny, 01 SOy tinoveenmess ass inlimitsagency pslilie.lequipni.st, of of approprIations thsandsubdI- Fed.law elsewhere; load. conteaet Ulacefor. et450genpblo Slake repo,tisg rnices and esnt at the sect Isdebtadnemacquireendadversely propertypurchase owisg alset pledged nt theUnd.e n.y sblsotl,.nBee toe.cio.ureor this m0r45.gsd 45 not. The 01 to secretarytillsor amopt 0111..to act, errs., till, Sole,l nayto soy loanor pooperty Otiisrwis. in stner to ala Lv ,o.oeiao.a authorleed nod .mpooeerd to bid foe Ctmgrm..toIsjustification thisnothat longer or the any clvll-.eTvicenow. anyoilier ThejustIfication bill whicheniergecscy laws mayand whatsoever regulation.be has bmouuiht passed for thali beforeprosiding and 1101 tier. Lii, apply aubalanilatedwhenturaltains areaand testifying theIn the MlsilrslpPl the beforeworld necessity Theto the change a Assistantdesert. Committee of this from land-buyingSecretary the on greatest Flood of program. Agriculture, Contiol.agricul- Mr. U. I.. Wilson. castingwiser.,operntioo.sap....prambook., olippinea. honk.sIof asd stteisdsnoemnotoe-proprlied sod ofbinding; asaifltefinaio..r.fee.noe. teav.l and atand dir.osoelss.mesungs fin e,ab.ialafle.passr-osn7isg at.01k the other coatend p.elodlseis, Siemf.vsnzsa;asp.sens,laolllties governmentnod stimseos.qcapec., and mel_sag purchase, vehicies;and else. sodlao evk.s en isiooral.11011uponesilaeoesse.yspiral,so pueehe_sor suchothorwie.or deionsis.rights is.m ortsrnis ndnimblapoa.idedclanS in dlope.0 to acquiredand he peopsety reesoosbis. bar Iceofto slash peoloetsuchIn Is motIon 100Ins pooperty cOnsiderations butthewashn.m. 44. eublattnvests.est 01psrinlso psrniiusdthe to Sa las United sa tony therein;ramevatlsa lbS 00 he Blat..;noqlaioedSerr.tary d,em.dand 01 to maintowardCongressa right in toctvitthIs believe that bIll,service, the you because Democratic cannot andIn conclusion II getweof tile allowawayParty recent may fromtheIs Inot lunguasebayactioltics the very thatcharie friendly the ofto iluat theAmericanre- people hove acresIWhile maylandthere quoteInthe tothIs istestimony economic notom. Southwest Incentive In substance, isuses. not country for availableHe a alsoprivateas were saying agreed In Individualso printed thatbadly with several form meeroded to that restoreas million yet,thatIn many isis toeol.miutssouttensionb. esay regard lu B InnsofI. 0.,bee thIs to 1554lImo the11150 art toprecision.ed lam.*300.iS)i4i 504 sink.slake 01 05essesy sistiancsfltrnria payesont. sin. bar foe sOthe prize cervices lasprepse to lte,is.d aodlt end adolinis- pIeceS....51st-and estti.mn.ot of esapplles by ths with-Gen- tIlt. 41. am. 0) when las segregasa anmuot Otheranyoomflem,i.si,,n,eiinil. trnn.aotloa .iicecllythen .5gb or gift, ori.siicectly.salary, biseences a, 0th,, fes,Bar hemeuldeention 45or 01the 5115crNo th. b.asaclery oSlcee. 051104 005,peneatiozl to. nttorsey.or stat..of In or c005action rsoeie.dndec so sa employee thIsn.yhi withmay fes,not 01 the United Stntea flu as conaneesoos nonmarros aervicO.rlehttuliyyou are be not charged only unfriendlyMr.IH'ere with JONES. thebring to gavel the an civil fcllenemy serviceI of but the you clvii may Mr. Chairman, I ask unaiuilsoic, c'osll,t ofalonearealn.stiinccs, iouthat I. alongwill ofonce anot In type,Site the spitecover lenceland and of this theis tielines denuded,land aznowitvelocity said with In ofregardlessvegetation.of hummocks rainfall, Ihe wind theof inIsrainfall, soil theso Inhigh.fields thisnature The drllta agv..ns.ala)uatan506eral lbs 51Arcouiitlngand .cqsloitlon10. maSh! Barbed.silersd OSlo.. the 01 eletillOs.into Ci teemsland Coiopcoosisoplicsu.otiii bAcquire 55of the osinlg.eve.5.5555.5 to.0011.5 land51115 claims andiraintlngStales). sot,ls.sas. Interest.nod is tostrssimoiaaaeeobIidati00s sontracs,. r.str1011011s therein nodscl.Ulgwitbomit uod.e, e.ga.d nod to sectionad- thanbyviSionsreceive n ISils year,01 1,0.11 of ornot theboth. UnitedSm' as, Blat.. ma enetelos. ni this not 511011 eatend to the I'.fl'itoei.n motion shall. spoil conviction thereof. he psniafledsornoslo. vo rnenntcaanlb.. (1.000 or impeie000sent lor sot soot. Any psr.ns violnting thi pre- Usetitlethat ofgentleman the all billspeeches befrom limitedThereThe In was connectiolito CHAIRMAN, 3 no cninutes oblection. wills each. o,nrndmelitl to lIilj Texas? Is there objection to thc reqoesL of cropbeforemustmentwhich started, be any worked madewill vegetation a vegetativetake beforeInto sonic the can the cover, soil.10 (tart Flood to then lbto years. grow.Control the regraaelssg Onceaccording Committee you process, haveto a bystate- a Mr. The eull must be cultivated oaovymntract.all dallas slat orslieloe this agreelneut net. uadloiii Mass tillsentered Aol. such orinto nil.,sodso pursuant sad Soy regulatIon, movsgage, to this act. sa55 hobo,be desme oen.esn,y to to Bans coilcetion. is ally miles, etnI. ar 11dec51. cicnazaatenc,e.Illstoof Alaskaany eel, person end and shalltie Oonwnu, ornpphicntios notCircUfllat.5o.a. Bar,he alerted St St such tbeesby. is pro,IeioeI,held ii,,nlid, 10 tile Slide releninder Ptt505 so of If n.y peoeieion of this Oct. or the npplicsllos thae.sf thetheretothat gentleman all closedebate In from S on Inlllutz'sThe Teoao?thisMr. CHAIRIi4AN. aiiieudiilviit JONES, slid all Mr. Clsairnisil. Is there olileclloii 10 llle IcqIrrSL of I ask luiu,ullinh,,lls uinielluliu,clltn ('Oil ers.mcntFirst,canH. II. begin Bennett,tounder save in earnest.tlse the Director provisionserodedIn of summary, landthe 01 8011liseif; thIs ConservatIon thissectionsecond, land of tomust thesave ServIce, bill;be adja- purchased by the Oov- monais county.scb 5 county malouUe. in whichSm 42. aell,Iti ii Th5 Seze.lsry In eutheslesd Slid dIrant.d to eppoist masibse 01 the nsminitt.s aliaS be nllo.sd es.npenm' missIve maMmapmed Si Sills. fsea residing to the are msvled on under tills I wordwhich "appoint",I send to Use strike AmendmentClerk's outTheMr. desk.liii. Clerk S seeredand read nu as by 00 follows: Mc. Its. Dolls.., I iSv. to sag. and Ii, line 6. nnaeBOILEAU. tha Ur CIi&Icmsn, I offer so amendment, Incon.to thistIns bill1Mm. to C the or Bou.asici theamendment cIvIl-selvice Mr.Themefor tileHhI.L offered reasonruleswas of no byOklalsomsarid if objection,the we r.'gulaiiono geoiir.ui,icinuake ii 10p000ibio trooiolupiy WI5- Mr. Chairnion, I clue In uilupei. centlossofnotbeing farm several properly caused carefullyland hundred that caredby feinted,repeatedhas fmilen or:been third, but from dustcarefully will to the storms;savebe discomfort ruined farmed, the fourth, people If the.,that and to for Is checkfieldseconomic anow radIus arethe necessary.11511wIthdull..lion (I respectunder (bleat. be SIlowsa lsw,eiisg this toof *3min,set Slob p.r andbutis) than day nasouzil, 'ma such.uh.Isiaoce 5*3U. mmrnittes days omopas_sion engaged5. tothe ..pess.e. a 8.oc.lsry shallm.th. in shallmoat tbsIn may .5011100.psrlsnnaszs netat pemorlhe least be allowed Sam tbey foeof In mob month and knocktheInssuislsig outoperaUon of thethe winS billof the that"01."Mr. civil-service language BOILEAU. andwhich Mr. classificatIon Chairman,would suspend lawn. this amendment would abouttent.fellowpraIsethat the would whovaluefarm, neverresult andof land, buysaw In sendingandthem a farm, who trim whooutIs these thorouohiy overdoes lenant Iiic not country knowilil,'omlo'-farmers alcylliing 10 smIle or' sill- beonlyMountainsconslant In to the my threatfinwI anddistrict bill theof isturning butMissIssippI passedThis to thea aretlon vastby Nation. Riverthe area ofCongress into thebetween billa desert. to and theme that RockyIs theap- mast Important not I hope that It will steetcalduties,basIsearth,two mamhe.. rule. andand naiclesla gs.ernlngauthors..nqutpsssnt shall as maconus. be nodlab dines.idi pr.rsdlar.a.nrypsovlde t3coiOiittees a mayquorum. tee beIso of requmrad thelb. established amsssttees, by any sander mmsiittfl.(usaiaIS this ant eslan. in addition in the poefarmanlcs 01 theirI%. eccr.lary .IinIl pre- p.oeat5so of auth belIzwIthouttheUse thenecennary. effectbill compeesouatlon enregard thatpresented theto cIvIl-serelce Secretary by of the ouch c.mnilttee emcee.will law, have and andthere power regulations,employee, Is a toplovlaion appoint. a. mayand to The amendment I heve offered would strike In wrulig.continuejustdoployees not so care theyare, to very makecan muchhold them their for appropriatIons, the jobs Congress and we orTheyare the kind areOovenuiin,n eii,,oeiiiionri'd I., I As a matter of fact, llioot of the civil-service They get in through tome hocus-pocus and 'ii supportprogrampropriations this billas authorized.containing will beMr made Chairman, this program immediately let 01me. land In to closing, purchasedcarry out urge the my colleagues to Sidull..lb tile usd50 funotinna this satc_sad Baren theI543 bim 'Tueims.lary pslliaaI secretary may hadull.. esquIre cossuUv.is athasir.d .peeissUy Si 5a.m.0.4a0 to 1.Ipnsad esnttnu. Nw uodseto perform this ant,sorb parSon. .sath stare omployleatenceregulatIonsout aswould the eley wordsand readhe censssoy, lIz as "without Tb.the folloaa: B.crelsrycompeDsstlosa regard Could to Sn,,Use of"; lb.civIl-servIce so power that toUse appoint laws sen- suchand oeacecs 5514 everybecauseleavethey Member are them conSiderablyI know outwise Usethe lisaMr. betteramendment spokenoverpaid Cbairman, off we On will will this Inot ambe. blilinc goingSo iiulohltedhas iuuiiriu offv'lrdto support for a hint, tiOs bilL They are hardly civil, and for their ociliol urine I ihilik lIre lflOr,'ll(Li'llov Nl'o, iy 6576 CONGRESSIONALRECORDHOUSE JUNE 29 1937 CONGRESSIONALRECORDHOUSE 6577 reason for so doing or a hope ii might turn out good as hisoperates his or its business, you would be surprised how Tue ChAIRMAN. The queatlon Is on the amendment So the amendment was rejected. excuse for doing so quickly an out-of-balance DudgeL would begin to balance ollered by the gentleman from Teas,, tIle, Jo.zal. Mr. FULLER. Mr. Chairsssan, I offer an amendment. You know thu country has been in the habit of subsidiz- ltoelf. The amendment was agreed to, The Clerk read as follow,: ing some interest that gets Into distress for a good maco Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, I offer a further amendment. Asn,ndmnent offeredby Mr Ptnm.nPage 54, tile. 5 s.d 0. .5110. tHere the gavel fell.l sot the bussing: "The nosuoiltes shall meal 01 least ice tu tears.I remember over 20 years ago when I was a Member Mr. FiSH.Mr. Chairsssan, I wonder If use provision in Time Clerk read as follows: seek month and Iwo mashers" and Insert "swo n,esvhors of tic of thi,'body we subsidized the shipping industry because Itthis bill to destroy the civil service and merit system is Amendment nOmad by Mr Jam.; Itrlk. sot its.. II to 54, was said they were not self-sustaining and could not corn- one of the decisions made by Use Democratic Party down Inslsaioe, on p5g. Ii amId Insert Ia 1105 tioeeaf lbs f000sssg: pete with tile rest of the shipping countries of Use world. "iii CoIlont nil oialmn. arI.Iag 5155cr this set or sindce any mort- Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, Ihave tatkedwillslie on Jefferson Island the other day.1. UsIa Us. kind u gage, l.a... contract. or agr.ea.at eatceed bass pursuaat Is thinranking minorIty Member, and unleu there Is clone oiJv'c- The,, lit recent years when everybody and all business con- religion Uiat sprung from that revival m.etlisg?It Is a set, and, If In hi. Jsdeiesnt, aceonary sad advisable. tmI po..si edna went down oil their knees and were begging for help complete change of front since the last eiecLion. I shall 1155 came 5. SasS colientIocs is any 001st, Stale or Federal. upon lion, I have no .*ijeclion to the amendment. and ti,eir very fixes and were ready and willing to give up cult. broimgbt wider tls. aupervleloov of In. Atsoeaey Oensl by Mr. WADSWORTH. Mr. Chairman, wlU the grittlemIn read to you whet the Democrailo naUonal platform bad blsb hail of all they bad if the President would aave Ifs. otherto say about the merit aystem last year. the UnIted tInts. attses.yw for the dlctebote, saseetiv.ly. In yield? euslv cialesa arias, or by loch other attorney or attoesm.ye ac easy Mr. JONESI yIeld to the gentleman from New York half, we commenced a free use of legislative .sulaidles. We rbe lbs peatentioa of Ooversss.eag Itself end the pesosotlon of 5.5ev tIle law b, dedgasled by the Attorney Qeneasi." oubralized all the banks In order that tis, poor, prostrateit. .iteieney. we p104g. Ui. ismmodi.t. e,t.n.tnms at lb. merit Mr. WADSWOR'I'H.It Isa tittie difficult for Os Lx unlor- things might rise on both of their feet and open their door, eyeless tbrosigb tie .15,5.10.4 clvii .ar.lce--blcb was seat aetab. Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, lisle amendment, oilered at stand just what this amendment does.May Iask Ibis the suggeetion of th. Department of Justice, simply provides In safety. We aiso subaidiged the railroads of thuOOUIstry liaised cad festered uador Democrstio sscplms-.4e all asapsilsy. question, and perhaps it will be answered by Use amend- askIng pesllloo. In the P.00,51 aenfo.. that suItS, when claims go to cult, shall be handled by the ment.In view of tile fact that under this bIll for time flrsL in order that they could roU their cars Ois the railroad tnacki We .15.11 eubj.ot to tIme cI.si..enlee iso all aontla.lf 55 peal- from one end to the other. We oubsidised building and loan Slang .45mb. beast.., at the ewergeany. base bass m.gapt frsa Department of Justice, year no more than on. case can be decIded upon In each tssociatione. We subsidized Insurance companies in order it. ap.eatInml. 'live CHAIP,MAN.The question is on the amendmentagricultural county of the United States,isItnecessary offered by the gentleman from Teats 1W. Jo,e..l. under those circumstances that the comilmirtee In every that they could have the assuranc, they could Insure you. This is pretty eapUcit and a definlLe pledge to the people. We aubsidired mines and factories.In fact we aUbsldlzed 'I'lse amendment was agreed to, county meet once every month? Now the Democrat. come In here with a new civil-service Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, I offer a furliser amendment. enterprises and businesses that came begging, crying, andpolicy,It seems to me either you are for civil service or Mr. JONES. The amendment does away wish that ne- kneeling at our feet. you are against clvii service. U this had been Usc first time The Clerk read as follows: ceeslty. Therefore, any tune any Industry in lisl, country has be- Amendment oNcv.d by Me los..: Os page II. line I. betas. the Mr FUlLERThs.I us to sane 530.000 a monLli. and was merely the eaception to the rule It would be a word "altaif". Insert thI following; "ienneps sets paslUous reqoIr- Mr. WADSWORTH. CongraLulistlons. come distressed financially, for a good many years we have different matter, but bill alter bill is coming from the Dem- Ing tocbninsl tenlnisg amid e.perl.nse fOr wltlnb so one poaceaoing lust aubsidlzed themThese Industries are the compass-ocratic majority that undermines and destroys the civil leTv. the ,eqsilsll. tofhnloal taaInIsg and esperlance Is aesllabI. .4thma The CHAIRMAN. The queutionIa on agreeing totIle tively small ones. The largest Industry we have In the coun- cr1015 aengi". sell lii mis. 24, alter Sb. ward "sktll", Ism.ort SIms amendment offered by the gentleman from Arkansas. Ice, protection of which your party claims you had so much fsliswlng: "e.eeIss so pfovlsSd ahoy.." try Is farming. There are aoissething like 10.000.000 fanners 10 do In estsbllcbming. The amendment wa, agreed to. in this country engaged In that business, which is a lot Of Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman. I have shown this amendment Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Chairsssivn.Ioffer the foUowii.g I submIt the tIme has come toe a record vote on the quee- amendment, whIch I send to the desk. stockholder..Approalmately one-third of this number areUon Of cIvil service.There are plenty of good men left to a number of membere of the committee.'lisle simply tenant farmers. even In the Democratic Party to flU these positions under eeempta the poalilono requiring technical training from the The Clerk read as follows: Now we come In with some little peewee program and residential requirements. Anvandsmenl offared by Mr. 05051*5. lag. 15, use to, sixths civil service.There are plenty of honest men left In the zul Ui. cued "ball" and burt "sbroe-qosrt.r." hope we may pry in and lend oome money to subeldixe theDemocratic Party under clvii service to fill aU these jobs, 'Die CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment broken-down farmers who went broke f or the sense reasonWhy not have a record vote with respect to where we stand offered by the gentleman from Tesas lMr. Joaaai. Mr. COCHRAN Mr Chairman. 1157 asssesidsssenL meet. the banks, the railroads, and the Inaurance companies, and on this question of merit and the civil service instead of The amendment was agreed to. the suggestion of the chairman of the Comssmittev on Agol- so forth, went broke, and for no other reason. violating the civil-service system by subterfuge and not by Mr. WARREN. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. culture made at Lhe time the gemitleman from Iowa iMr. 1.1 we wiU just be as chbriUibie and as liberal to Uses.a record vote of Use Members of Congress.That Is the The Clerk read as fouows: Bauuaee.al offered his amendment. U the framers of the fellows who really want to farm, whO really want to engageIssue before you.This provision is merely another one of As.vendoasent offered by Mr. Wassail: Amend c.ctIoo 43, p555 is, Constitution had teen the wisdom of providing tOot all in the largeat induStry in the United States. one which Is the effort. of Democratic opoltsnsen to grab the jobs and lIne 4, by adding at lbs cad at tbe settles lbs tallyIng: "Pro-coal. oil, gas. and other minerals in or under all lands absolutely Indiapensabie to the weilareofthis country, 5,1004, That any lend bold by the UnIted 55.tss under lbs asmp.r- to seize upon all possible political plunder and patronage vIsion at the 500r.tary Of A$slnuilUre puflusflt 55 aid fleculive belonging to the Government at the time of the adoption maybe this bill will be an intervening wedge which will give for deserving Democrats regaidleso of the merit gyatem. sf00.. may. wb.r. eimihabOe. be utlilced for the peop. Of tiUc f of the ConstItution would remain the property of the United us the nglit to do 50. Let us be honest with ourselves.Let us take a atand of thin act. .5111 tha Seveataly may .511 aid lassO .5111 sick. lease States when the lend was disposed of we would never have Mr Chainnan, notwithelanding the apparent good purposewhether we are for the merit system or against It.'Die foe the flenesary lapoovceswat thereof to cornfldfvtdsiale sod been bothered with tazes.The revenue derived from the and intent of tubbill, yet I am imbued with two very serious ..pon such sara. .5 eliall bc In .000rda.tos .4th UI. pess.s.foea of President repestediy gives lip service to the merit system SaId titls." sale of oil, coal, and oo forth, would have ouptiorted the miacicines as to its complete satisfactory workability.In the and just as often joins with the Democratic spolinmen in Government for all tIme.I hope the anuendussent wlil be first piace. Use ansosni of the appropriation Ifs this bill Is not Congress to undermine and destroy Use civil-service system Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman. I have consulted with the adopted. aultiviessi for the farming industry to feel the entrance of this in violation of platform promises and campaign pledges, ranking minority member of Use c15asmlttee, and we have no Mr. JONES.Mr. Chairnsan. I hove no personal objec- Intervening wedge.I ant also fearful that this may be the I Applause. I objection to lisa amendment, tIon to that.I would lIke to have the House know svbst beginning of an expenditure that we do not here fathom, and The ainendusent was apTeed to. It is.'rise commIttee reported a reservaUon of one-Self of I Here the gavel feif I Mr. DIERMARN. Mr. Chairman. I offer an amendment. one that at a future date we shall be called upon to check. The CHAIRMAN. The quesiion Is on the amendment the mineral rIghts, and lisle amendment would change that AL that lime it may be difficult for us to legislate the check. which is at the Clerk's desk, to three-fourths. In the second place. I am not fully convinced but that this offered by the gentleman from Wisconsin iMr. Bom.,esui. The Clerk read as follows: The question was taken: and on a division tdemaisded by The CHAIRMAN, The questIon is on the assuendmv'nt loll o dl call for the creation of an additional commission or Aetsadmeat offered bT Me. Smaslusra: Os page 55.lIne50, offered by the gentleman from Missouri. buiesu to ad,ssi3O0Ler the expenditure of the approprIatIon,Mr. HofIaaoi there wereayes 32, noes If. else, the Sees ward "Of', st.lbe Out all the lent Of lisle 50 tad So the amendment was rejected. The quecUon was taken; and on a dIvisIon (demsiasded although I was advised here on the floor today by our worthy tIme graS tbr.5 ward. ma 110. it. by Mr. Cocusasi there wereaye. 02, noes 29 and capabie chairman. Mr. Joe.., of Tease, that there would Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, I offer an aunendusent, Mr. DIERMANN. Mr. Chairman, this amendment sImply The Clerk resd as follows: So the amendment was agreed to, be no such eapense, and I ens tsustlisg In the correctness and provides that when lbs United Stales Government sells any Mr. WEARIN. Mr. Chsirsnals.Iofferthefoiowiiig truthfulness of that advice. P,les.zdmsnl aifesed by M. loose' On page tO. fins 23, after land, that It elscil retain elI the coal, elI the oil, all (Is. gas, Iii. .s,d "deorstaey", aut liv. word "abali" amId Ufssrt In amendment, which I send to the desk. We have heard a great deal today from the gentlemen fromlisa th.e.st U.. woes 'usey." and aU other mInerals In the property. It seem. to itme there The Clerk resd as follows: Georgia iMr. ynTnasoNI about a land bill in which he fainter- ought to be no argument about this,This land, when sold, Amnendlnens offered by Me, Waoa.o; AssroI ucla lv, se,-: ested and Lhut he soon hopes to have before us for coDaidera- Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, thIs amendment simpiy is sold for farming purposes and not f or speculative pur- dl ibi. by iocei'tiog aS lb. end of iioe 0 on peg. 13. ii. icircwico tlona bill which he nays will provide f or the already edab- makes the establishment of the act discretionary.Itte not poses. It seems to me there can be only one tide to this "il( Anqules all real property Is the United State. Ihat via md. fished Land Oibce of the Government to buy and s.11 the lands a Committee amendment.I think ftis wise. U there is propocition. The Oovernaseflt ought to retain aU Use min- eras land booM 00w own ostrigbl without any rsd.mpiloo right, aut.taridlna Is rsem.r Owners, which the said Federal mod taut. to tenanL farmers wiLh no necessity f or an eatra or addlUonal any objection to the amendment. I shall not InsIst en it. eral righis. am. hereby culhorIs.d end directs. So srsnarer end muery to sri. bureauThat bill msy do more and go farther than thIs one, 'live CHAIRMAN. The queatlon is on the amendment Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman. may I suggest to tire gentle- 5.erahary of lbs. Tr.s55y. bar which Ills sold i'edrr.l laoS 5051,. and if so, when IL come's on for consideration it may be that offered by the gentleman from Texas iMr. Joust, man Ihot If he makes It three-fourths that It will be agree-shell accept from the &'eraiary ofIke Treasury ma vs. hung. thvcafoc Federal ls.md-bcna abel of equal v.155Ii'vii. nina we shall be convinced it should aupplant this one. U it does, The amendment was agreed to. able: otherwise, you could go on this land under a lease from atanner the Scerinsey of AgvissIlsr. atoll acquire sushI e nuoniri. let us iloL hesitate to adopt it in lieu of the present bill, Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, I offer a turthcr amendment. the Government and destroy the surface value. 'These ought real property against whIsk tha }.slecsi isiid bIns. 01 is. lire. 'I'liese are niy misgivings, and may I now say I am unalter- 'live Clerk read as follows: to be a part of such rights left in the owner of the land inof the adaption of thIs sot hold cherhN'a c.'rtltc.ses or tie. Cienin,Poe lb. psepean. of such .achsngen. tIe 1st.. or OLIn ably opposed to the creation of any other commissions or Asmsndesent offered by Mr. Jon..; On pagn ii. tin. 5. after the same lnstanccs. oval peotmarty .b.31 be the ecrvylsug vnisis sail nppent. Oil bure,ius I should like to are this Congress abolish about 1$ period, inserts Sian snd tbe foitowiog: "Na mombsr Of S 505511 Mr. DIERMANN. No: this is the case of the Governmentblabs of the aid Federal load belies on She toss day lb lb. percent 01 au prcs na mutating contmisalons and bureaus andnolemailIt.. alabiieltsd snd.r lIchen 42 .1,511 knowIngly mats oe selling the land 10 an Individual. moatlm ness precedisthe adoption or this .05. a,id its. Fnci.'r.l try to operate sit the alIairof Use Government at a tzenien- join In smakf.sg soy cortliboalion penbibited by 5.011051 2 lot." lend-bank .sook .lt.iI be .511050 at par'in. &'crovury .1 ogmi. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment Of- esoltoe. .15.11 aeqImJeO fseth.4th .11 reel proporie ax acquired uy dously treat saving to the taxpayers, If we should now begin Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, thIs amendment is illfliii fered by the gentleman from Iowa (Mr. Uuasenaswl, the Steestery 51 tIme Tha.miry: ProvIded, That She zenveysno. xc to conduct the business of the Government along the line andto conect the oversight to which the geoUeosall from Tress The questIon was taken: sad on a dlvleion (demanded by eusI. reel p.opeety may be mad. snser sliT po..r005urr s.Sopievs by with some economy that a private individual or corporatIonJ.Mr. SlyxslUsl Called 001 attention. Mr. BmWgAle) there were.sys. O'l, oets OS, Sac Gasenoor 55 hIss Pamos th.d15 AdsOiniota.tIoa, lire aeoeei.ary of 6578 CONGRESSIONALRECORD-HOUSE JUNE 29 1)37 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6579 the Trr..ory. end SI,, Orrrataq of Agvlrolsaes dimes from separate amid distinct Iratures Is the title that deals with Prdcni land bank. to ins mid Itocreinry .0 Agrlesliur, blibaut wilbin lb. District of 0015mM. ssdsr Ibe provlalas. 01 Ibis act,mnlneral flghta get. only a one-tenth royalty and the Otto- nor lntermeuiat. transfer thmujb lb. Secretary of Ut. Treasury. rehabilitation loan., which have been dl.cusoed extensively Ito appointing po..r shalt gte. pnf.r.nc. in r.t.nlioa 50 sr The prooslons of Section iii of ifs. Revised St.tut... - .wended, today; assothcr Is the retirement of submarginal lands, and a pob.i.o. Irons Statse Shot has. 0o1 r.c.lv.d Ib.te .bara 01 ap- eminent should in as event surrender more titan this. relating to re.IrlclioI poisl.n.ss. a000edisg In population: I'roalded. he.eeew. Tiled aol Mr. JONES, Mr. Chairman. I renew my palest of order on the aequsislon of load by its. lasted third is an allocation of funds, or rather permission granted dims, ashen, and marine., lb. wIdows 01 such, or Sn. wiese 01 Slate. .11.11 aol .pply to such Ir.n.f,e. snd cono.ytnv,sfl.. to thr Secretary of AgrIculture to hoe funds appropriated In that this undertake, to amend ass amendlneist alerady becr.tary of Agelcullur. ebaO adoilulsl.r .od 4*100. 01 .UCb real inisred soldiers, sailors, and manum who tbsmedv aSs not adopted by (he committee, properly a. Lrrrinaflrr pre.rr lard in liii. .cI" this act to conthsue and complete projects now under opera- qualified bitt wbo.. wims .r. qualified so bold a position In lb. 000.rnm.sI a,rvlr., ,lsall be glean prefer..., in r.inntion IS (bait lbe CHAIRMAN. Does the eenticman from Colorado Mr. J0Ni8. tion In the lteaettlenlent Adnsinistratlon. which I remind the a. rIval gradm 054 cias,ea where (lisle railag. at, 5050 or Mr. Cimlrrnan, I re.ervr all point. of order Chair Involves the purchase and resale of lsitd, exactly as desIre to be heard? ott that amendment. Mr. MARTIN of Colorado.Mr. ChaIrman, I regret very Mr WEARIN, this provIsion in my asmirlsd.nent does, Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, I regret exceedIngly to make MI. Chairman, a parliamentary Inquiry. I hare in my hand a letter from (he Resettlement Adsiuin. a point of order egaln.t (Is, amendment offered by my much I did not have the spportumllty to offer tin assiriid- The gentleman front 'rca.. reserves all points of order.I Istration of the UnIted State. Department of Agriculture, set- friend, with much of which I am in sympathy, but I thInk ment when UI. matter was up for consideration beforr. appreciate his doing that, but after I have discussed Ut. ting out tpeclflcally that they have been proceedIng in exactly It ought to go to another committee. because It ought to be in the law. aroendmrsst, then I presume 1 sisall have have an oppor- that way; that they have been buyIng land and reselling that Mr. ChaIrman, I make the point of order that the amend- The CHAIRMAN. The poInt of order is sssstaiited, tunIty to be heard on Use point of ordey. land to tenant purchaser,. That I, what I provIde to do In ment is not germane to the paragraph or to the bill.Th, Mr. DIMOND. Mr. Chatriesan, I offer an amendnscot The CHAIRMAN. As a matter of course the gentleman this ansendnient. and therefore It Is germane to a Section of second paragraph of (he amendment treat, with making The Clerk read as follows: would have that privlirge. Use measure under consideration, separatIons from the Federal aervice through furloughs and Am.sdm.sI cffsrsd by Mr. Omsoen: Pngs II. his. is. after lit. Mr. WEARIN. Mr. Cbainnan, In brief thi, amendment Mr. Chairman, In ,iew of the fart that this particular bill otherwise, it deal, wIth employment in (Is, DistrIct of Co- perIod. Iaa.rt: "In Its. of Alasba and Pu.rto Rico irs. leros does this: It takes approxunateiy 8.000.000 acres of land manly', - Used in Ibis aol. 515.11 b. arsonynsoss to Tcrrsso,y or Involves three separate amid dIstinct subject matters It lumbIa, and so forth. any .ubslirlsion Ibrr,of as may be de.sgnas.is by lii. deerelas'y. now owned by the Federal land banks and trsn.fers It to olsould be withIn the order of this cosinsittee to Include a The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from Penaloyl- .nd paymeol undar .mllos 53 of lbS 001 .hSIi ho rosde 50 11,0 the United Slates Department of Agriculture, to be rnld fourth, if it were a fourth separat, and distinct matter, but vania desire to be heard on the point of order? Oor.rnae of IbTserllos'y or to Ib fl.e.I .g.ist of saris sub' by the Secretary on a contract purchase agreement witls I would remInd Use ChaIr of the fact that resettlement dIvInion," certain reservation, pertaining to Utle. amid the manner in Mr. PADDIS. Mr. Chairman, I believe this amendment project. are Included In title IV of tlsls aCt under aectlon 43, Is germane to the bill.The portion of the amendment re- Mr.JONES.Mr.Chairman,the gentleman frons AlOoko which the land Ii operated by the tenant purchaser.At the where the Secretary of Agslcultsmre Is permitted to use funds ferred to by the gentleman from Teas. as treating withha. explained Ibis amendment to several mrsnbers of the present time that land Is carrIed on the books of the Fed- for a coestusuatlon of the land pwcbase and resale program separatIons refers to separations from the Federal serviceCommittee on Agriculture, We thinkItIn adrsirai,ie eral land bank at a price of approxImately *123.000,000. on the part of the Federal Ooverssmngot, which Is precisely of Ihose coming under the provisions of this bill. asnelsdment and have no oblection, That Include, the land owned by the Federal land bank what nsy amendment proposes to do.There Is no doubt, The CHAIRMAN. The questIon Is on the alorndmrsil and the land litproceos of foreclosure. Use two group. The CHAIRMAN, The Chair is ready to rule. Mr. ChaIrman, In tis, light of the above fact., that It Is Tile bill under conolderatlan seeks to vest in the Secre- offered by the Delegate from Alaska IMr. t)mssoslti slmounting to a lithe over 8.000.000 acres. germane. The amendment was agreed to At the pre.t'nt Urn. the Federal Treasury owns approxI- tary of Agriculture, by (he language beginning in lIne 3. on The CHAiRMAN (Mr. Dee.,,). The gentleman from page II, authority to employ certain persons In connection Mr. IOIJLSIAS.Mr. Chairnian, I offer an onlclidnsritt, mately *124.000.100 worth of Stock In the Federal land bank..Iowa offer, an amendment which contain, 115. followIng wIth the operatIon of the busIness, the duties and responal- which I send to the Clerk's drok. that would. in effect, offset the earyybsg value of the land, language: The Clerk read as foilows: that 0.000,000 acres; no that sit exchange could be made very bilitle,s of making acquIsItIon, of land, and making those Argyle. all yeas property 15 lb. LJ,sltsd elate. 105t Sb. F.doml lands avaiiablg to (ha classes of peraons e.eibraoed In the Aase000inst offered by Mr fos.cnta.. Ots pig. 17, list.II, aStor nicely. sad asaks sow own auUi(ht, wIIh.s,t any ,vae.spuon liens. bill. lb. word "HawaII", tn.ert "and te I'sierlo Rico." I realize the fact that there might be aome opposItIon to oui.l.ndloginfoemse swat.., whIch lb. said r00.,.I land bann, a,. hereby .sltbsei,.d and dlrees.d (a trsnafsr snd eon.sy The amendment Under consideration is nothing more nor Mr. JONES, Mr. Chairman, that amendment is ail right the procedure, and naturally so, because, a. I wsderstaasd it in lb. Serr.lnry of lb. 'I'Tsaalsey, foe whirls Ib.ald Padoml land less than a mere Iimnitatisn on the authority granted by the and 01,. In wIth the Other amendment, and have beers Informed, the Federal land bank I. not now bank .ball aumpo from lbs Ssmss.ary 01 th. 'Treasury IS .aobaag. bill. paying any Interest to the Treasury on the *124,000,000 tls.c.f or, ?,dsral 1.04-bank .5.01 01 equal vaisie- The CHAIRMAN, The questIon is on the amelidnietit The ChaIr therefore rules that (he amendment is ger- offered by the Delegate from Puerto Rico. worth of stock.I believe this transfer could be esads and And so forth. The amendment was agreed to. once the 5000,000 acre. were so transferred to the Secretary mane to the bill. The measure wider consIderatIon ha, this provisIon In The poInt of Order is overruled. Mr. JONES. Mr. ChaIrman, I promised the eh:slrmafl of of AgrIculture, he would have an opportunity to begin a tItle I; land-purchase and resale tmcograns operated side by aide The gentleman from PennsylvanIa I. recognIzed for 3 (he steering committee, thegentieiesarsffontOkiahossi,a with the loan program provided in this bIll, so that at the Th. Seresisry 01 *451051155ev. b.la r.feered so.. in. S.es'eta.'y. minutes. tMr. JOiis,,oel. some time In general debate. but through Is asltbnrl,,d In staa. loan. IS ma UntIed Sins., and IS Its. Tent- oversIght I neglected ts reserve &umclent time for him. end of a 2-yea:. 4-Year. or S-year period (is. U,sltecl States tories of AissRe sad HawaII. to p silgibi. so esrelss lbS Mr. FADDIS. Mr. Chairman, I merely wish to state to the lie Congress would be better able to decIde which of them was basalt. of (bi. 1155e. to .5.55. e.ofl poesees in aoqmur. lansa, members of the commIttee that thIs is an amendment which has been very helpful In this matter, sod I ask unanimo..ss consent that the gentleman may proceed for 3 minutes working out the must satisfactorIly as far a. the tenant It Is true that this amendment oeemn to direct the thought provides that appoIntments In the DIstrIct of ColumbIa 015.11 purchaser was concerned. to the same purpose, the acquIsItIon of land for the pur- be apportioned among the several State. .ccocdlng to popu- The CHAIRMAN, Is therr objection to the request of the lucre the gavel felLI lation.The amendment I, fair in all respects and should gentleman from Tea..? pose of plafing Use same In the hands of tenant,, share- There was no objection Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, I desire to make a poInt of croppers, amid So forth, for the purpose of providIng faim not be Controversial at all.I hspa It is adopted. order agaiMOt Use aissendosent.It I. clearly subject to a homes for that clans of cltlsen,; but there is a very dIstInct [asisil of order,It would authorize acquIring land from Us. difference In the provIsIon for the acqUIsition of ouch homes Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr Chairman,Islc'epiy Federal land banks and the tradIng of atock in (is. banks, under the teens. of tills amendment sisd the provlsiàlss of appreciate the request sf the chairman of the Agricultural These 'are not Involved in Ibis bill. Commssltte, that I be permitted to close this dehale on the It .1.0 pcovldea for Us. the bill. One I. the purchas, of a home dIrect by the farm-tenant bIll. Treasury to accept this stock and turn land over to this tenant and the fwniahlng of the messey by the Recretary I have nst had the opportunity of hearing orgaounticn. all of the dIscussIon thIs afternoon, but I did hear some of There are a number of different poInts on of Agriculture for II., purpose of enabling hIm to acquire It, v,hirh it is subject to a point of order.It al.o makes (he the title.In this amendment, however, new machinery I. 'I'wo of my commiltees have been in session 0511,1 of provisions of section 355 of the statute Issappllcabie. (he afternoonHowever, I did hear the dircisssioii on tile It set up for the purpose of operating wills property that was pendIng measure yestrrdsy. provides that for the purpose of exchanges the valu, of Such not considered It all m the bill under consideration.New I heard bolne of lhr dioliri- real property shall be that carrIed on the book, of lit. land usachlnery I. brought Into iii, .d autlsorl,,d to operat. guished Members of this body otake Ipeeche, againsi adop- banks It Is not germane to thi, bill.It brings In new stab- tlsn of the rule to bring up the bill and thin admit they in connectIon wills the U.. of properties owned by Isepa- were going to vote for It.I heard toy distinguished friend, hots.As I understand the rules of the Rouse, If Itis sub- rate and dIstInct agency of the Oovernnsent. the gentleman from ject to a point af order on any ground, a poInt of order muM The Chair, therefore. I. of the opinion that thIs amend- New YorkI Mr Fists I, mote a very be sustained ment is not germane (0 (he ProvIsIon, of the bill under convIncing speech agalnul this measure, tutuhr .iosrd The CHATRMAN. Does the gentleman from Iowa lOft. consideration. that address by stating he was Soltig to support Ihe bill W.aamsl desire to be heard on the point of order? The distInguIshed chairman of thy Cooimitts't' ott Alil- The point of order I. sustained. culture, my good friend from 'I'exas Mr. WEARIN.I do, Mr ChaIrman.I desire to call lit. Mr. PADOIBMr. ChaIrman, I oIler an amendment. I Mr Jorsool, tote it.,it attention of the Chair to the enacting clause of (IsIs bill, whIch The Clerk read a. follow,: very Inlererting and delaihm'd etptsnatioit of thc prct',liits of the Farm SecurIty Act of 1937 on yeslt'rdsy ond I speclib's that it is an act to encourage and promote owiler.Islp Amemtdss.nt egered by Me. P.svus: On P.s. It. lIne 55. after hl,siI of farm 11005ev.It can be seen that Use enacting clause itself, In. word "I'.rrltacy". SInks out the perIod, ln..et astlooiaa sad not take up the tIme of the llouse Its going hick oil r tSr therefore, does not set ost that this proposed act provIdes in. eeilowing: ground that he covered so ably. "Provided Stenciler. Thai appoIntment of peroesss so in. Fed- It Is my feeling thst In the years to rude this ht',il.:l,iiloti eorluvlvely for loans.It Says It is a provision (0 encourage eral ernie. foe essspioy.nrot willis lb. Dinlrict of Columbia under and prootsile the ownership of form iands. which Is precisely Inc peoviainfl. of thI, art. whelber .scb sppointm.sl be wtSiiiO regardless of that may be the ftnsi provisionsiflily 1:0 what my ainrqstlnmi'ni does. th. cla.oisrdrich.errlc. se otherwise, shallb. apportioned when Anally enacted, will be remenstered as ttt' 11,101 iii- Secondly, tills bifl already deal, with three separate and dig- sm,'iie in. e.o.ral Sins., and the IllotrInt of ColsasobIs upos tbs portant accomplishment of this sesolon of Cuirtitri',' Wc bests of population as ..o.elsmasd sI sIt. sat prer.disg c.sou, are making history here today.Wisen liii,tt'ttI.t toilIs tinri subject 10*11ev,, one oh which involves the purchase and lii moaning lion. from Sb. Federal aenie. or fs.riosglls resaie of land, as sloe: Omsally enacted the 3.000.000 lamsdlrc,,fist miser0 of Ailil'i loss icy amendment. The Seat of (ho.. witboat pay to a. long a. 5 aseath. as patoas .eepIOJSi will hive a new hope. S 1937 CONGRESSIONAL RECORDHOUSE 65I 658Q CONGRESSIONAL RECORDHOUSE JUNE 29 The SPEAKER. The ChaIr cannot recognize the gentle- Mr MAPESInasmuch as ibis question has been rained. man 10 oIler a motioii to reconimit. Ii helms 10 me that now is a good lisle to irive the rule The last time I aiidreoled thlu House. on June 15, I gava This constant ahlfUng from farm to farm Isnot only Me MARTIN of Massachusetts.Me. Speaker, I qualify. clarifled My own thought Is that If no one else asks rec- a brief report of a very Interesting meeting tOtal the Demo- hamperIng the development of good rural school, and and offer a motion to recommit. ognition, a person should be recognized to make a mutton 10 cratic steering commIttee bad just held.At that meeting cbwchea but It Is destroying our sell.Tenant farmers are Tile SPEAKER.I, the gentleman opposed to the bill? recommit, although he does not qualify as being opposed to we had the gentleman from Texas lOft. JoNas I and Senator riot In a posItIon to maintaIn the sod and p t erosIon,. Me. MARTIN of Massachusetts.I am. Mr. Speaker. Ihe entire legislallon.I know the impression has got around Jome H. BaNxHsSp, author of the Banklsead farm-tenant Many woes inestimable lou occurs from negligent farming. The SPEAKER The gentleman qualifies, and the Clerktile House that this cannot be done.I think tubIs a wr,u,e bill.At that time it was my happy prlvtlege to report to But how can UsIa be prevented when Use tenant baa little or will report the motion to recommit. Impression.I think now is a good time. inavmuciu aslie you that the commlttee. found the gentleman from Texas no permanent Interest In hi. farm? Once a ton of sitU Is Mr. BOILEAU. Mr. Speaker, a parliamentary inquiry. question has been raised, when the Speaker niiclib soil i.ikr- and the Senator from Alabama anxious and willing to co- washed down Into the sea, It Is gone forever, and there Is The SPEAKt. The gentleman will state It. lIy the atmosphere in that respect. operate in getting farm-tenant legislation enacted at this nothing thIs or Sn) future Congress can do to get It back. The SPEAKER. Tile grntlenianwillkiu,dlyState his I want to warn Members from the Industrial centers that Mr. BOILEAU.In the event a member of the minority oeooion.I wa, also able to report to you that the steering or any, other Member of the House desires to offer a motion point of order. committee had pledged Its active and enthusiastic .upportthey have a vital Interest In thIs problem of farm tenantry Mr. MAPES.I have slated a parliamentary InquIry. 11 the day ever comes when the soU to recommit and seeks recognition. In the absence of any to this iegi,lauon of suchltal importance to nearly half and sell erosIon also. statement that he is opposed to the bill, Is not the Member The SPEAKER. The Chair has answered tIle gnntloniaii'o of our farm population. resources of this great land of ours are so depleted that we who leeks recognition entitled to recognition for that pur- parliamentary InquIry. Permit me to congratulate the gentlemen from Texas upon omlnot produce enough to feed the Nation we sbaU all mIff er, Mr. IIAPES.If the Chair wIll permit, I dolilt tldnk It If not from scarcIty, at least from a sharp Increase In the pose? the courageous fight he has made for thIs legislation, and 'rIse SPEAKER. The rule is that a member of the ml- has been answered definitely. also to thank the Rules Cornuslttee for making it possible cost of Uvlisg. norii.y is entitled to recognition to offer a motion to recom- The SPEAKER. The gentleman will kindly restate his to brIng the yarns Security Act up at this lime. I ask you to consider the alarming Increase In the number p.arbainentary InquIry. of farm tenants in this country since the turn of the century. mit.In order that the member of the minority may qualify, upon inquiry by the Chair he must stale that he is opposed Mr. MAPES. Following up the InquIry of the Ueilliiulul,lls 'rhiu bill Is by no means satIsfactory to me.I am lure 11 you do this, I am wue that tills bill will pass by an over- to the bUl. The Chair InquIred of the gentleman If he was from Wisconsin with respect to the situatIon where no oily It is not altogether uatlsfsctory to the chairman of lisa com- whelmlng majority. opposed to the bill and the gentleman stated he could not cared to ask foe recognition who was prepared to say he mittee, to the Speaker, or others who are fightIng fur it.La qualify In that respect.The gentleman from Massachusetts was opposed to the bill, my Inquiry Is, Was not Ike genile- our d*allngWsbed and beloved Speaker stated yesterday, it The figures are alarming. The proportIon of tenant farm- man from Wisconsin entitled to recognition to make a uiO- ers In Oklahoma. a new State. increased from less than 1 per- (Mr. MasTic I was on his feet seeking recognition as a mem- Is freely admitted that thi, bill does not go very fax. We ber of the minority. lion to recommit? are not going to accomplish much by appruprlatlng $10,- cent In 1190 to oVer 60 percent In 1939.At present acme The SPEAKER The Chair has tiuldertukoli clearly to 110,000 teilants in Oklahoma operate almost 11.000,000 acre. Mr. BOIt.EAU.I subssslt the gentleman from Massachu- 000.000 thefirstyear, $29000000 the second year, and setts was not on hIs feet, Mr. Speaker. The gentlemanstate the rule witil reference to qualificatIon for offering a so.000.000 the third year, as proposed In thi, bill.But It of land.Sixty-five percent of the fsro.ers In the Sixth Con- motion to recommit.Tine Chair Is of the opinion the risord gresalanal District of Oklahsosssa are tenants. from Massachusetts was preparIng to offer a motion to is an opening wedgeit is a et.riand If properly adinInIs- recofrmit In the event I was not granted recognition. made In this matter clearly stateS the proper posilios with tered this bill will convince us of the necessity of going The following table Indicates the Importance of tenancy In Tha SPEAKER. Tha Chair will again qualify members reference to this parliamentary situatIon ahead with a real. effectIve, god serIous attack upon thethe Sixth Congressional District In Oklahoma, which dish let The Chair asked tile gentlenian irom Wisconsin, who fist I have the honor to represent In Congress. It shows the num- of the minority who desire to offer a motion to recommit. farm-tenancy problem. Is there sny member of the minority who desires to offerarose and desIred to offer a motIon to recommit, if hr ass I was especially interested In what the Speaker told us ber of owners and tenant, and the percentage of farm tenancy opposed to the bill.Tine gentleman stated lie could not by counties for 1935. a molion to recommit? about the early efforts of his dlstingulshed father to get Fed- Mr. Speaker. I desire to submit a mo-qualIfy In that he wa, not opposed to the billThe Chair eral aid for hIghways; how the idea was considered a dream,Na,eb.e sodpermItS oteasel,ill ISO 315111 Con9es,.IOr.sIDlsie,et Mr. BOIt,EAU. then Inquired if there was any Member of tIle niloorily Who unconstitutional, and lenpouslbte, but how an experImental of OklsAOSl tion to recommit. desired to make a nostlsn to recommit whe was opposed The SPEAKER.Is the gentleman opposed to the bill? approprIatIon of $Th,000 was Snally made.I am pleased. t cannot qualify In that respect, Mr. to the bill.Thereupon the gentleman from Massachusetts also, that he reminded us that rural free mail delIvery started Oiuhy aa 0...oe T.s..i. Mr BOlt,EAU. iMr MusTlel qualified and tue Chair recogmulzed tile gen- as an experiment on a very short rout.. Speaker. Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetls.Mr. Speaker. I oiler a tleman from Massachusetts. Under the cIrcumstances, foe Like the Speaker, I would prefer to have at least $50.- the purpose of submittIng a motion to reenimimit I101o. 01W 1.110 1.102 15 I motion to recoeelnilt. 000,000 approprIated now to start this farm-security pro- c.,iyo Is?, son usa Iii Is the gentleman opposed to the buS? The gentleman from Texas moves the previous questlos gram, but if that is Impossible, tam whiling to take what we C.o.iuI.a bull l's? 1.151 sls The SPEAKER. on the motion to recommit. C,.,u,,,,sehs osa 1.115 1,745 sIT Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts.t am. Mr. Speaker. can get and continue to fight for an adequate program. Cellos 0051 151 IhI? 511 The prevIous question was ordered. lAyyiause I tire,ie sims l.75a tam las The SPEAKER. Tile Clerk will report the motion to re- J.lT,noi, I. IN as i, as 010 commit offered by the gentleman from Massachusetts. The SPEAKER. The question is on the uhu.iiiuil to rl.com. Mr. JONES Wdl the gentleman yield? kl,,rlt.l,.m 5511 1.51 I.fl5 515 mIt. s.os ala 0110 Las 'rIse Clerk read as follows: Mr. JOhNSON of Oklahoma.I yield to the dIstInguished soil..., The question was taken; and on a divisiondenuauuded by 500 Mr U curie of MauloghutebLe more. so recommit lilt bill to tho cI,alrvian with pleasure. 701.1 aura 10.011 17.115 t',mnoibtc* oil A0elcuibura with InstIller lon, to re5arb bbs saws Mr. Mssrte of Massachusetts alili Mu. Tonyi, hun' won'--- Mr JONES.I want to express my appreciation for Ihe rorbiialth situbile lollowl.ugamendnlelllI'ugs II, line 5. strIke ayes 62, noes 165. giillleiflun'S line,unselilali work In connectIon with this The CHAIRMANUnder the rule the Committee rises. sot the foilselIlC "(*Ithsst regsrd to tile clsii-lsIOlOe laws sad Mr. BO11_EAU, Me. Speaker, I demand tile yeas sOul measure, and I wish to say tile gentleman has done ex- Accordingly the Committee rose; and, the Speaker havIng regslatioa.) sail Os Lbs eosopesastiss 01." nays. ceptionally good work a, chairman of the Democratic resumed the chair, Mr. Dsivco, ChaIrman of the Committee Mr. MAPES rose, The yeas and nays were ord,'rcd. steering committee. of the Whole House on the State of the Union. reported The SPEAKER. For what purpose does the gentleman The question was taken: amId tilore wrreyc'u.s 102, liars that, the Corutmittee having had under consideration the from Mlchiilan rise? 231, not voting 99, its foilows: Mr JOHNSON of Oklahoma.I thank the gentleman. bill Ill. B. ThitO) to encourage and promote the ownership Mr. MAPEB. Mr. Speaker. I should like to pursue a little 15011 No 5o May I say that Congress needs more men of the caliber, of farm homes and to make the possession of such homes further the parliamentary inquiry of the gentleman from YCAO 02 vision, and courage of the gentleman from Texas. more secure, to provide for the general welfare of the Wisconsin IMr. BolLasul, inasmuch as tile question has beenSure Pt Lull, t.,,lluoW Congress has not realized the seeiouoness of this problem United States,to provide additional credItfacilities for raised. uiol,er Mope. agricultural development, and for other purposes, pursuant Ladreeza. MissSharI 51.111,, 51.,., nor c.nsldrred where it Is leading us, or something would The SPEAKER, The gentleman will state his parlia- AreaS. gOOi.bilal,I Mtlr,kk have been done about It a long time ago, I am convinced. to House Resolution 261, he reported the same back to the mentary InquIry. 0.csa Freeuoos Mhiueoor s,,,ulm, ajn. Tenant farming is taking an alarming and costly yearly House wills sundry amendment, agreed to In Committee of Mr. MAPES. The gentleman from Wisconsin's InquIry sat,. P1.11 Ulilurd smut, Wool1. SisrIow Ortihurt li-ill si-i." toU in uman and natural resouiceu.The 1936 farm census the Whole. had to do wIth a situatIon where no one asked for recog- Dallas Orll,,ocss O0,r, revealed that 52 percent of the farmers In the United Stales Tile SPEAKER. Under the rule, the previous question iS nition who was opposed to the legislation.Would the Breeder (hiuver P roil Tripe,, Blirdice (Iwylihir P aOl ,rlu,,,ou..IiJ. rent all or part of the land they farm. There were 2,966,000 ordered. gentleman from Wiacoessln not have been entitled to make C.rilOs HuOeOck.NY I'I,o,,ioy Thorns. Ti 5. tenant farmers in 1935.lii the spring of 1935, 34.3 percent is a separate vote demanded on any amendment? U not. the motlszl to recommit If no one Opposed to the biU had C.rtrr Hurter Polk of the farmers had occupied their farms less thanI year. the Chair will put them in gross. asked for recognition to nsake the motion? c..e.e DOS. Hiin. Powers 'Ti,ai,.ni Cr110011 Hill. Wash P.ac,,Pr,-lu Tube0 TI-is annual and continuous moving of fared fanidies from The amendments were agreed to. The SPEAKER. The Chair thinks, tvIew of the present crzolor.o Holna H000,,Ip5 Tow, y farm to Carol each year has a disintegrating Istiluence upon The bill was ordered to be engrossed. read a third time. slalus. the gentleman's InquIry Is a hypothetical one. The Cseee. Wash. Hope hired. Ill Voor ii II Crawford Roil hired NY Wo,lse,, II, rural social lnutitutionsscliools. churches, lodges, coopera- and was read the Uslrd time. Chair undertook under the rules to qualify Members who Cruuer Jr,ikl,ie Ohio It... Kail. Wri, I, tives. and various farmers' organizatIons. The SPEAKER. The question Is on the passage of the were entitled under the rules to make a motion to recommit. CuItle Jr,ieu. N II Reilly WilalerwooLa A study published by the Oklahoma A. & U. College indi- Mr. JONES. - Mr. Speaker, I move the prevIouS questIon nieces J,,hnroa.Mlan RoSlt,eo,, tJl.h WlIhomo bill. Duos., Ste hiOe7 Robuloui. by Wul,,.ui cated that at least "half of this moving Is of no economic or Mr. BOILEAU. Mr. Speaker. Ioffer a issotionto on tlsc motIon to recommlL flitter tinter Roger. Ma... Wouiefldrs social benefit to the moving farmer, tOte owner of the land. Mr. MAPES. A further inquiry,Mr. Doodles t.ambemtoa Rsmberiord Wol,rllo,o recommit. parlIamentary iaO,betb Rise Wiool,oa or to the State."The report also states: The SPEAKER. Ia the gentleman opposed to the bill? Speaker. im-so Lsc,ks 800Lh,,iI Ciiiiaz.s of the ieso.fnequoat macera sesratod 5,0005 sos-bIts I cannot qualify In that IsaleCt. Mr. The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state II. Doss herd sctaelde,. WI. more educabloizel progress per school age yea, sass sea sa, sun- Mr. BOU.EAU. daes of mote frequsrit mover. Speaker. ! - t!i- coo - - S 8 g5;-rOm!? Z aE I I ) 12JP I EUEEEEE ....-... .;;; - '°' I i t It 88 ifEl - xE_gL - E 8 8 1'EEEE;45EE 8 i 1E1EIIIJ.p ; ['u:- i5 SE E5!. : -:- 8; -_; : 8I :- "1 5. 8 8°S E 5 5 98 I - - 2 liI 8 : - _C . _ . di's 8:: - - -:°-- ;'44; - 8 8 iI1i 1937 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7133 Mr. Luecke of MIchigan with Mr. Secrest. tion is made Is of such character that there Isa reasonable like" Mr. Femandes with Mr. Gray of Pennsyivania. hood that the making of a loan with respect thereto viiicss'ry C Mr. Mouson with Mr. Wene. the purposes of this title, It shall so certify to the Secretary.Tb., Mr. PhiUlps with Mr. Jacobsen. committee sbail also certify to the Secretary the amount which the Mr. Alien of Delaware with Mr. Ryan. committee find_s is the reasonable value of the farm. Mr. Edmiston wi Mr. Sweeney. "(C) No certification under th1 Mr. Rennings with "Mr. DeMuth. -- section shall be made with re- Mr. Murdock of Utahth Mr. Cy. spect to any farm in which any member of the committee orIn Mr. Smith of West vlrgid4s wtt,W'Mr. Flannery, person related to such member within the third dree of con- Mr. Gingery with Mr. White.ef Idaho, sanguinity or affinity has any property interest, direct or 'indirect. Mr. Mc5weeney with Mr. Oreal:- or In which they or either of them have had such interest within Mr. Sadowskl with Mr.,Crosby. one year prior to the date of certification. Mr. Fulmer with MrdStack. "(ci) No loan shall be made to any person or with respect to any Mr. Scott with Mr Earl. farm unless certlilcatlon as required under this section had been Mr. Cannon of .,Wlscousln with Mr. Euenbogen. made with respect to such person and such farm by the committee, GOLDEN GATE UiTERNATIONAL EXPO'rION "T3(5 OP LOANS "Sec. 3. (a) Loans made under this title shall be In such amount The SPEAKER. Pursuant to provisions of Public Resolu- (not In exc of the amount certified by the County Committee tion.i2, Seventy-fifth Congress, the Chair appolna mem-)to be the value of the farm) as may be necry to enable the bes'- bers of the United States Golden Gate International ..'.< - rower to acquire the farm and for necery repairs and Improve- ments thereon, and shall be secured by a first mortgage or deed at tion the following Members of the House of Representati. trust on the farm. gj, . - - ...... (b) The Instruments under which the loan Is made and se- BANIOIEAD-JONES FARM TENANT ACT curity given theref or shall (1) Provide for the repayment of the loan within an agreed Mr. JONES. Mr. Speaker, I call up the conference report period of not more than forty years from the making of the loan. upon the bill (H. R. 7562) to encourage and promote the Provide for the payment of interest on the unpaid balance ownership of farm homes and to make the possession of of the loan at the rate of 3 per centum per annum. ProvIde for the repayment of the unpaid balance of the such homes more secure, to provide for the general welfare loan, together wIth Interest thereon, in installments in accordance of the United States, to provide additional credit facilities with smortiratlon schedules prescribed by the Secretary. for agricultural development, and for other purposes, and Be in such form and contain such covenants as the Seese- tary shall prescrib, to secure the payment of the unpaId balance ask unanimous consent that the statement be read in lieuof the loan, together with Interest thereon, to protect the security, of the report. and to assure that the farm will be maintained In repair, and The SPEAKER The gentleman from Texas calls up the waste and exhaustion of the farm prevented, 'and that such proper farming practices a. the Secretary shall prescribe will be carried conference report upon the bili H. R. 7562 and asks unani- out. mous consent that the statement be read in lieu of the PrOvide that the borrower shall pay taxes and assessments report.Is there objection? on the farm to the proper taxing authorities, and Insure and pay There was no objection. for Insurance on farm buildings. "(8) ProvIde that upon the borrower's assigning, selling, or The Clerk read the statement of the conferees. otherwise transferrIng the farm, or any Interest therein, without The conference report and statement are as follows: the consent of the Secretary, or upon default In the performance of, or upon any failure to comply with, any covenant or condition CONYZNCE REPORT contained in such Instruments, or upon involuntary transfer The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two sale, the Secretary may declare the amount unpaid Immediate Houses on the amendment of the Senate to the bill (H. H. 7562) due and payable, and that, without the consent of the Secretary, to encourage and promote the ownership of farm homes and to no final payment shall be accepted, or release of the Secretary's make the possession of such homes more secure, to provide for the interest be made, less than five years alter the making of the loan. general welfare of the United States, to provide additional credit "(c) Except as provided in paragraph (8) of subsection (b), no facilities for agricultural development, and for other purposes, instrument provided for in this section shall prohibit the prepay- having met, after fun and free conference, have agreed to recom- ment of any sum due under It. mend and do recommend to their respective Houses as follows: (d) No provision of section 75, as amended, of the Act entitled In Ueu of the matter proposed to be inserted by the Senate 'An Act to establish a uniform system of bankruptcy throughout amendment Insert the following: the United States', approved July 1. 1898 (U. S. C., 1934 ed., tItle 11, "That this Act may be cited as 'The Bankhead-Jones Farm sec. 203; Supp. II. title 11, sec. 203). otherwise applicable in reipecr Tenant Act'. of any Indebtedness incurred under this tItle by any beneficiary thereof. shall be aDolIcable In resoect of such indebtedness until "Tm,s ZFaRse-TsNAerr PROVISIONS such beneficIary has repaid at least 15 per centum thereof. "POWER 05' SECRETARY I "SQUTrABLE DISTRXRUTION OF LOANS "Sr.c'rioN1. (a) The Secretary of Agriculture (hereinafter re- ferred to as the Secretary') Is authorized to make loans in the "Szc. 4. In making loans under this title, the amount which Is United States and In the Territories of Alaska and Hawaii and In devoted to such purpose during any fiscal year shall be distributed Puerto Rico to persons eligible to receive the benefits of this title equitably among the several States and Territories on the basis of to enable such persons to acquire farms. farm population and the prevalence of tenancy, as determined by Only farm tenants, farm laborers, sharecroppers, and other the Secretary. Individuals who obtain, or who recently obtained, the major "AvOIDANCE 05' PRODUCTION AN5ION portion of their Income from farming operations shall be eligible "Sir. 5. In carrying out this tItle, the Secretary shall give due to receive the benefits of this title.In making available the bene- consideratIon to the desirability of avoiding the expansion or pro- fits of this title, the Secretary shall give preference to persons who duction for market of basic commodities where such expansion are married, or who have dependent families, or. wherever practi- would defeat the policy of Congress as set forth in section 7 (a) (5) cable, to persons who are able to make an Initial down payment. of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, as amended, or who are owners of livestock and farm Implements necessary and shall, so far as practIcable, assist beneficIaries of the program successfully to carry on farming operations, No person shall be under this title to become established upon lands now in cul- eligible who Is not a citizen of the United States. tivation. No loan shall be made for the acquisition of any farm "APPROPRIATION unless It is of such size as the Secretary determines to be sumclent "Sir. 6. To carry out the provisions of this title, there Is author- to constitute an efficient farm-management unit and to enable a ized to be appropriated not to exceed $10,000,000 for the fiscal year diligent farm family to carry on successful farming of a type ending June 30. 1938. not to exceed $25,000,000 for the fiscal year which the Secretary deems can be successfully carried on In the endIng June 30, 1939, and not to exceed $50,000,000 for each fiscal locality In which the farm is situated. year thereafter.Not more than 5 per centum of the sums appro- priated for any fiscal year in pursuance of this section shall be "COUNTY COMMXTrER AND LOANS available for administrative expenses in carrying out this title shall"Sir. 2. (a) The County Committee established under section 42 during such fiscaL year. (I) Examine applications (Sled with the county agent In the "TITLE HRERABXLITATION LOANS county, or with such other person as the Secretary may designate) "sossowEss aim TERMs of persons desiring to finance the acquisition of farmsIn the "SECTIoN 21. (a) Out of the funds made available under section 23. county by means of a loan from the Secretary under this title. the Secretary shall have power to make loans to eligible ind.lvidu' "(2) ExamIne and appraise farms In the county with respect tofor the purchase of livestock, farm equipment. supplies, and which an application for a loan Is made. other farm needs (Including minor Improvements and minor (b) If the committee finds that an applicant Is eligible to re-repairs to real property), and for the refinancing of indebtedness, ceive the benefits of this title, that by reasonof his character, and for family subsistence. ability, and experience he Is likely successfully to carry out under- "(b) Loans made under this section shall bear interest at a rate takIngs required of him under a loan which may be made under not In excess of S per centum per annum, and shall have maturities this title, and that the farm with respect to which the appilca- not in excess of five years, and may be renewed. Such loans shall 7134 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 13 be payable In such installments as the Secretary may provLde in the tc amount to be paid shall be divided equitably among the re- loan agreement.All loans made under this title shall be secured spective countiesPayments to counties under this section. sh ) by a chattel mortgage, a lien on crops, and an assignment oi prO- be made on the condition that they are Used far school or r ceeds from the sale of agricultural products, or by any one or more purposes. ci' both.This section shall not be construed to appi of the foregoi.ng. to amounts received from the sale of land. "(c) Only farm owners, farm tenants, farm laborers, sharecrop- "APPHOPBL&TION pers, and other individuals who obtain, or who recently obtained. the major portion of their income from farm.Ing operations, and SEC. 34. To carry out the provisions of this title, there Isu- who cannot obtain credit on reasonable terms from any federally thorized to be appropriated not to exceed $10.000.000 for the fiscal incorporated lending institution, shall be eligible for loans under year ending June 30, 1938. and not to exceed $20,000,000 for esc 1111.5 section. of the two fiscal years thereafter. "OERT ADJVSTMENT '-rm,z IVGEirmAL PROVISIONS "Sxc. 22. The Secretary shall have power to assist In the voluntary "PARMER5' HOME CORPORATION adjustment of Indebtedness between farm debtors and their credi- 'SECTION 40. (a) There is hereby created as an agency, of and tors and may cooperate with and pay the whole or part of the within the Department of Agriculture, a body corporate with the expenses of State. Territorial. and local agencies and committees name 'Farmers' Rome Corporation' (In this Act called the Corpo- engaged in such debt adjustment. He is also authorized to continue ration). The princIpal office of the Corporation shall be located and carry out undertakings with respect to farm debt adjustment In the District of Columbia. but there may be established agencies uncompleted at the time when appropriations for the purpose of or branch offices elsewhere In the United States under rules and this section are first available.Services furnished by the Secretary regulations prescribed by the Board of Directors. under this section shall be without charge to the debtor or creditor. "(b) The Secretary shall have power to delegate to the Corpo- "APPROPRIATION ration such powers and duties conferred upon him under title I "Sw. 23. (a) For the fiscal year ending June 30. 1938. the balances or title II, or both, and such powers under title IV as relate to of funds available to the Secretary for loans and reUei to farmers. the exercise of the powers and duties so delegated, as he deems pursuant to ExecutIve Order Numbered 7530 of December 31. 1936. may be necessary to the efficient carrying out of the purposes of as amended by Executive Order Numbered 7557 of February 19. 1937. such titles and may be executed by the Corporation. and to trans.- which are unexpended on June 30. 1937. are authorized to be appro- icr to the Corporation such funds available for such purposes as priated to carry Out the provisions of this title. he deems necessary.In connection with and In the exercise of (b 1 The President is authorized to allot to the Secretary, out of such powers and duties so delegated, all provisions of this Act appropriations made for relief or work relief for any fiscal year end- relating to the powers and duties of. and limitations upon. the ing prior to July 1. 1939, such sums as he determines to be necessary Secretary shall apply to the Corporation In the same manner as to carry out the provisions of this title and to enable the Secretary to the Secretary, and the term 'Secretary' shall be construed to Include 'Corporation'. to carry out such other forms of rehabilitation of individuals eligi- (C) The Corporation shall have a nominal capital stock In an ble under this title to receive loans as may be authorized by law and amount determined and subscribed for by the Secretary.Receipts designated in the Executive order directing the allotment. far payments for or on account of such stock shall be Issued by the "TITLE I1IRrrIRruEN'r OF SIIBMARGLNAL LAND Corporation to the Secretary and shall be evidence of the stock ownerrkilp of the United States. "SzCTION 31. The Secretary is authorized and directed to develop a Cd) The management of the Corporation shall be vested in a program of land conservation and land utiilzetion. including the board of directors (in this Act called the Board) subject to the retirement of lands which are submarginal or not primarily suitable general supervision of the Secretary.The Board shall consist of for cultivation, in Order thereby to correct maladjustments in iand three persons employed in the Department of Agriculture who shall use, and thus assist In controlling soil erosion, reforestation, pre- be designated by the Secretary.Vacancies in the Board. so long serving natural resources, mitigating floods, preventing Impairment as there are two members in office, shall not impair the powers of dams and reservoirs, conserving surface and subsurface moisture,of the Board to execute Its functions and two of the members protecting the watersheds of navigable streams, and protecting the office shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of bunk The directors. appotzted as hereinbefore provided, shall receive public lands, health, safety, and welfare. additional compensation for their services as such directors bu "POWERS OSIDER LAND PROGRAM may be allowed travel and subsistence expenses when engaged in "Sw. 32. To effectuate the program provided for In section 31, the business of the Corporation outside of the District of Columbia, Secretary Is authorized The Board may select, subject to the approval of the S.ec- "1 a) To acquire by purchase, gift, or devise, or by transfer from retary. an administrator, who shall be the executive officer of the any agency of the UnIted States or from any State. Territory, or Corporation, with such power and authority as may be conferred political subdivision, submarginal land and land not primarily suit- upon him by the Board. able for cultivation, and interests lii and options on such land. The CorporatIOn- Such property may be acquired subject to any reservations, out- Shall have succession in Its corporate name; standing estates. Interests, easements, or other encumbrances which May adopt, alter, and use a corporate seal, which shall be the Secretary determines will not Interfere with the utilization of judIcially noticed; such property for the purposes of this title. "(3) May sue and be sued in Its corporate name In any court (b) To protect, improve, develop, and administer any property of competent jurisdiction. State or Federal: Provided, That the so acquired and to construct such structures thereon as may be prosecution and defense of ,all litigation to which the Corporatlen necessary to adapt it to its most beneficial use. may be a party shall be conducted under the supervision of the '(c) To sell, exchange. lease, or otherwise dispose of, with or with- Attorney General, and the Corporation shall be represented by out a consideration, any property so acquired. under such terms and the Un.Ited States Attorneys for the districts, respectively. In which conditions as he deems will best accomplish the purposes of this such litigation may arise, or bsuch other attorney or attorneys title, but any sale, exchange. or grant shall be made only to public as may, under the law, be designated by the Attorney General: authorities and agencies and only on condition that the property Is And provided /urther, That no attachment, injunction, garnish- used for public purposes.The Secretary may recommend to the ment, or other similar process. mesne or final. sbsll be Issued President other Federal. State, or Territorial agencies to administeragainst the Corporation or Its property; such property. together with the conditions of use and administra- (4) May adopt, amend, and repeal bylaws, rules, and regula- tion which will best serve the purposes of a land-conservation and tions governing the manner in which Its business may be con- land-utilization program, and the President Is authorized to transfer ducted and the powers vested In It may be exercised and enjoyed: such property to such agencies. ")5) Shall be entitled to the free use of the United States malls WIth respect to any land, or any Interest therein, acquired In the same manner as other executive agencies of the Govern- by. or transferred to, the Secretary for the purposes of this title. ment; to make dedications or grants, In his discretiOn, for any publIc "(6) Shall have such powers as may be necessary or appropriate purpose, and to grant licenses and easements upon such terms as for the exercise of the powers vested in the CorporatIon (Includ- he deems reasor,able. ing. but subject to the limitations of this Act, the power to make To cooperate with Federal. State. Territorial. and other contracts, and to purchase, or lease, and to hold or dispose of, public agencies in developing plans for a program of land conser- such real and personal property as It deems necery) and all vation and land utilization, to conduct surveys and investigations such Incidental powers as are customary in corporations generally. relating to conditions and factors affecting, and the methods of The Board shall define the authority and duties of the officers and accomplishing mcst effectively, the purposes of this title, and toemployees of the Corporation, delegate to them such of the disseminate information concerning these activities. powers vested in the Corporation as it may determine and require "It) To make such rules and regulations as he deems necessary bonds of such of them as it may decignate and fix the penalties to prevent trespasses and otherwise regulate the use and occu- and pay the premiums of such bonds. pancy of property acquired by, or transferred to. the Secretary for "(gI Insofar as applicable, the benefits of the Act entItled 'An Act the purposes of this title. in order to conserve and utilize It or to provide compensation for employees of the United State. suffer- advance the purposes of this title.Any violation of such rules ing injuries while In the performance of their duties,and for other and regulations shall be punished as prescribed In section 5388 of purposes', approved September 7, 1916, as amended, shall e the Revised Statutes, as amended (U. S. C..1934 ccl..title18, to employees of the Corporation. sec. 104). '(h) All money of the Corporation not otherwise employed "PAYMENTS TO COvNT be deposited with the Treasurer of the United States orIn "Sxc. 33. As soon as practicable alter the end of each calendar bank appro,ved bY the Secretary of the Treasury, subject to with- year. the Secretary shall pay to the county In which any land drawal by the Corporation at any time, or With the approval of the is held by the Secretary under this title. 25 per centum of the net Secretary of the Treasury may be Invested in obligations of the revenues received by the Secretary from the use of the land during Unitedtate5.Subject to the approval of the Secretary Of the suck year.In case the land is situated In more than one county, Treasury, the Federal Reserve banks are hereby ath0rIZed and 1937 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7135 thrected to act as depositories, custodians, and ftscai agents for the a quorum. The Secretary shall prescribe rules governing the' Corporation in the performance of its powers. cedure of the committees, furnish forms and equipment necess. Ii) The Corporation, including its franchises. its capital, re- for the performance of their duties, and authorize and provide for serves. and surplus and Its Income and property shall, except as the compensation of such clerical assistants as be deems may be otherwise provided in sectIon 50 (a)be exempt from all taxation required by any committee. now or hereafter imposed by the United States or any State, Terri- "(d) Committees eStablished under this Act shall, In addition tory, District, dependency, or political subdivision. to the duties specificaUy imposed under this Act, perform such (j) The Corporation shall at all times maintain complete and other duties under this Act a.s the Secretary may require0them. accurate books of account and shall file annually with the Secre- "azsrrrLsasxNT PROJr5 - -. tary a complete report as to the business of the Corporation. "Sac. 43. The Secretary Is authorized to continue to perform such 'ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS OF SECRART AND CORPORATION of the functions vested in him pursuant to Executive Order Num- "Sec. 41. For the purposes of this Act, the Secretary shall have bered 7530 of December 31, 1936. as amended by Executive Order power to- Numbered 7557 of February 19. 1937, and pursuant to Public Act "(ai Appoint (without regard to the civil-service laws and regu- Numbered 545, approved June 29, 1936 (49 Stat. 2035), as shall be lations) and fix the compensation of such officers and employees necessary only for the completion and administration of those re- as may be necessary.No person (except a.s to positiOns requiring settlement projects, rural rehabUitatton projects for resettlement technical training and experience for which no one possessing the purposes, and land development and land utilizetton projects, for requisite technical training and experience Is available within thewhich funds have been allotted by the President. and the balances areashall be appointed or transferred under this Act to any posi- of funds available to the Secretary for said purposes which are tion in an office in a State or Territory the operations of which unexpended on June 30. 1937. are authorized to be approprIated to are conAned to such State or Territory or a portion thereof, or incarry out said purposes: Provided, That any land held by the a regional office outside the District of Columbia the operations of United States under the supervision of the Secretary pursuant to which extend to more than one, or portions of more than one. said Executive orders may where suitable be utilized for the pur- State or Territory, unless such person has been an actual and bona- poses of title I of this Act, and the Secretary may sell said land and fide resident of the State or Territory, or region, as the case may make loans for the necessary Improvement thereof to such Indi- be, in which such office is located, for a period of not less than one viduals and upon such terms as shall be In accordance with the year next preceding the appointment or transfer to such position provisions of said title. (disregarding periods of residence outside such State or Territory, or region, as the case may be, while In the Federal Government "GENERAL PROVISIONS APPLICA3LR TO SALZ service).If the operations of the office are confined to a portion of "Sec. 44. The sale or Other disposition of any real property ac- ft single State or Territory, the Secretary In making appointmentsquired by the Secretary pursuant to the provisions of this Act, or or transfers to such office shall, except in the classes of cases ex- any interest therein, shall be subject to the reservation by the Sec- empted from the preceding sentence, appoint or transfer only retary on behalf of the United States of not less than an undivided persons who are residents of such portion of the State or Territory: three-fourths of the interest of the United States In all coal, oil. Provided. That hereafter, wherever practicable, all appointments of gas, and other minerals In or under such property. persons to the Federal service for employment within the District "TRANSFER OF avsn.sBLz LANDS of Columbia, under the provisions of this Act, whether such ap- "Szc. 45. The President may at any time in his discretion trans- pointments be within the classified civil service or otherwise, shallfer to the Secretary or the Corporation any right, Interest, or title be apportioned among the several States and the District of Colum-held by the United States; and under the supervision of the Secre- bia upon the basis of population as ascertained at the last preced- tary, in any land which the President shall find suitable for the ing census. purposes of this Act, and the Secretary or the Corporation, as the "(b) Accept and utilize voluntary and uxicompensated services. case may be, may use and dispose of such land In such manner, and, with the consent of the agency concerned, utilize the officers. and subject to such terms and conditions, as the President deter- employees, equipment, and Information of any agency of the Fed-mines will best carry out the objectives of this Act. eral Government. or of any Stats. Territory, or political subdivision. Within the limits of appropriations made therefor, make "TRANSACTIONS WITH CORPORATIONS necessary expenditures for personal services and rent at the seat of "Sec. 46. Nothing In this Act shall be construed to authorize tis. government and elsewhere; contract stenographic reporting serv- making of any loan, or the sale or other disposition of real property ices; purchase and exchange of supplies and equipment, law books,or any interest therein, to any private corporation, for farming books of reference, dIrectories, periodicals, newspapers. and press purposes. clippings; travel and subsistence expenses, including the expense "SURVEYS AND IZARCH of attendance at meetings and conferences; purchase. operation, "Sec. 47. The Secretary Is authorized to conduct surveys, Inves- and maintenance, at the seat of government and elsewhere, of tigations, and research relating to the conditions and factors affect- motor-propelled passenger-carrying and other vehicles: printinging, and the methods of accomplishing most effectively,the and binding; and for such other facilities and services as he may purposes of this Act, and may publish and disseminate information from time to time find necessary for the proper administration of pertinent to the various aspects of hIs actIvities. this Act. Make contracts for services and purchases of supplies with- "VARIABLE PAYMENTS out regard to the provisions of section 3709 of the Revised stat- "Sec. 48. The Secretary may provide for the payment of any utes (IS. S. C., 1934 Cd.. title 41. sec. 5) when the aggregate amount obligation or indebtedness to him under this Act under a system involved Is less than $300. of variable payments under which a surplus above the required "(e) Make payment prior to audit and settlement by the Gen- payment wUl be collected tn pertods of above-normal productton eral Accounting Office. or prtces and employed to reduce payments below the required Acquire land and interests therein without regard to sec-payment in periods of subnormal production or price.. tion 355 of the Revised Statutes, as amended.This subsection "sET-OFF shall not apply with respect to the acquisition of land or Interests "Sac. 49. No set-off shall be made against any payment to be In land under title ii!. made by the Secretary to any person under the provisions of this Compromise claims and obligations arising under, and ad-Act, by reason of any Indebtedness of such person to the United just and modify the terms of mortgages, leases, contracts, and States, and no debt due to the Secretary under the provisions of agreements entered Into pursuant to. thts Act, as circumstancesthis Act shall be set off against any payments owing by the United may require. States, unless the Secretary shall find that such set-off will not (hi Collect all claims and obligations arising under this Act, or adversely affect the objectives of this Act. Under any mortgage, lease, contract, or agreement entered Into pursuant to this Act, and. If in his judgment necessary and advis- "TAXATIoN able, to pursue the same to final coUectlon In any court having "Sec. 50; (a) All property which is being utilized to carry out jurIsdiction: Provided, That the prosecution and defense of all the purposes of title I or title II of this Act (other than property litigation under this Act shall be conducted under the supervtsion used solely for administrative purposes)shaU. notwithstanding of the Attorney General, and the legal representation shall be by that legal title to such property remains in the Secretary or the the United States Attorneys for the districts, respectively, in which Corporation, be subject to taxation by the State. Territory, Dis- such litigation may arise, or by such other attorney or attorneys trict, dependency, and political subdivision concerned. in the same as may, under the law, be designated by the Attorney General. manner and to the same extent as other similar property Is taxed. '(1) Make such rules and regulations as he deems necessary to '(b) All property to which subsectIon (a) of this section is in- carry out this Act. - applicable which Is held by the Secretary or the Corporation pur- suant to this Act shall be exempt from all taxation now or here- "couu'ry COMMITrER after imposed by the United States or any State. Territory, Dis- 'Sgc. 42. (a) The Secretary Is authorized and directed to ap- trict. dependency, or political subdivision, but nothing in this sub- point in each county in which activities are carried on under title sectIon shall be construed as affecting the authority or duty of I a county committee composed of three farmers residing in the county. the Secretary under any other law to make payments In respect of (b) Each member of the committee shall be allowed compen-any such property in lieu of taxes. sation at the rate of $3 per day while engaged in the performance "BID AT YOLO8U1X of duties under tills Act but such compensation shall not be "SEc. 51. The Secretary Is authorized and empowered to bid for allowed with respect to more than five days in a month.In addi- and purchase at any foreclosure or other sale, or otherwise to ac- tion. they shall be allowed such amounts as the Secretary may quire property pledged or mortgaged to secure any loan or other prescribe for necessary traveling and subsistence expenses. indebtedness owing under this Act; to accept title to any property '(c) The committee shall meet on the call of the county agent so purchased or acquired; to operate or lease such property for' In the county, or on the call of such other person as the Secretary such period as may be deemed necessary or aclvtsable to protect niay designate. Thu members of the committee shall Constitute the Investment therein; and to seU or otherwise dispose of such 7136 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 13 property so purchased or acquired upon such terms and for such Farm - tenant provsiions considerations as the Secretary shall determthe to be reasonable. The Senate amendment authorized the Corporation created in '-t subject to the reservation of the rights provided for La sec- the amendment to acquire land and sell or lease it to persons 4,4. eligible to the benefits of the act.The conference agreement with PENALTtsa respect to the farm-tenant titie follows the substance of the sec. 52. (a) Whoever makes any material representatiofl know- House bill with the following differences: ing it to be false, for the purpose of influencing in any way the 11) Under the conference agreement, loans may be made for action of the Corporation upon any application, advance, dis- a period not in excess of 40 years.The Rcuse bill term was 30 count. purchase, or repurchase agreement, contract of sale, lease. years. or loan, or any change or extension of any of the same by renewal. Under the conference agreement. applications for loaj'. deferment of action or otherwise, or the acceptance, release, or which are to be passed on by the county committee, are to be substitution of security therefor. shall be punished by a fine of filed with the county agent in the county or with such person as not more than $5,000 or by imprisonment for riot more than two the Secretary designates. - years. or both. The conference agreement contains a provision. adapted '(b) Whoever. being connected In any capacity with the Cor- from the Senate amendment, under which the loan instruments poration.(1)ernbeesies. abstracts, purloins. or willfully misap- are to contain a term that the borrower carry out such proper plies any moneys, funds. securities, or other things of value. farming practices as the Secretary prescribes. whether belonging to the Corporation or pledged or otherwise The conference agreement contains a provision, adapted entrusted to it: or (2) wIth Intent to defraud the Corporation. from the Senate amendment under which the loan instruments or any other body politic or corporate, or any individual, or to are to contain a term to the effect that, without the consent of deceive, any officer, auditor, or examiner of the Corporation, makes the Secretary, final payment may not be accepted or the Govern- any false entry in any book, report, or statement of, or to. the ment's interest released prior to 5 years from the making of the loan. Corporation or draws any order, or issue., puts forth. or assigns any The conference agreement contains a provision, which was note or other oblignalozi or draft, mortgage, judgment, or decree implicit In both the House bill and the Senate amendment, which thereof; or (3) with Intent to defraud the Corperation, participates expressly gives the Secretary the power to declare the entire or shares in or receives directly or indirectly any money, profit. amount due under the loan agreement immediately payable on property, or benefits through any transaction, loan, commission default in the performance of. or upon any failure to comply contract, or any other act of the Corporation, shall be punished with, any term or condition of the mortgage or deed of trust. by a fine of not more than $10,000 or by Imprisonment for not The conference agreement rewords the provision of the more than five years. or both. Rouse bill making the provisions of the Frazler-Lemke Act un- - "(ci Whoever willfully shall conceal, remove, dispose of. or con- available to the borrower until he has paid at least 15 percent of vert to his own use or to that of another, any property mortgaged his indebtedn. or pledged to. or held by. the Corporation, as security for any The conference agreement contains a provision, adapted obligation, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $5,000 or from the Senate amendment, under which the Secretary is. so far by imprisonment for not more than two years. or both. as practicable, to exercise his powers to avoid production expan- "(d) The provisions of sections 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. and 117 sion where expansion would defeat the parity policy of section '1 of the Criminal Code of the Uhited States (. S. C.. title 18. seos, of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, and to 202-207. inclusive). Lnsofaz' as applIcable. are xtended to apply to assist beneficiaries of the title to become established on lands now contracts or agreements of the Corporation, which for the purpose. under cultivation, hereof shall be held to include advances, loans, discounts, pur- Under the House bill, $50,000,000 was authorized to be ap- chase and repurchase agreements. contracts of sale, and leases; ex- propriated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940. and no author- tensions and renewals thereof; and acceptancec'. releases, and sub- ization was made for later years.The Senate amendment au- stitutions of security therefor. thorized that sum to be appropriated foe the fiscal year 1940 and (e) Whoever conspires with another to accomplish any of the f or each fiscal year thereafter. The conference agreement adopte acts made unlawful by the preceding provisions of this section the Senate provision. 'II. on conviction thereof, be subject to the same fine or isa- The conference agreement contains a provision under which onrnent. or both, as is applicable in the case of conviction foradministrative expenses for carrying out the farm-tenant title ig such unlawful act. (personnel, overhead, etc.) are not to exceed in any fiscal year S "pxss AND COMMIsSIONS PROI percent of the amount appropriated for the fiscal year. The Sen- "Sw. 53. No Federal officer, attorney, or employee shall, directly ate amendment fixed a flat $400,000 as the upper limit. or indirectiy. be the beneficiary of or receive any fee, commission. Rehabilitation loans gift, or othar consideration for or in connection with any transac- There are no express provisions In the Senate amendment au- tion or business under this Act other than such salary. fee, orthorizing the makine of rehabilitation loans as such, but the cther compensation as he may receive as such officer, attorney, or Senate amendment doe. authorize loans of the kind which may employee. No member of a county committee established under be made under title II of the House bill.These loans under the section 42 shall knowingiy make or join in making any certifica- House bill and the Senate amendment may be made to the bene- tion prohibited by section 2 (c).Any person violating any provi- ficiaries of the tenant provisions.The conference agreement con- sion of this section shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by tains the loan and debt adjustment provisions of title II of the a tine of not more than $1,000 or imprisonment for not more than House bill with two minor clarifying changes.Under the Rouse one year, or both. bill the purposee for which loans could be made included "other "EXTENSION or TER1ITOIIES farm needs." The first change made by the conference agreement "Stc. 54. The provisions of this Act shall extend to the Tern- Is for the purpose of making clear that the pbaase "other farm ,ories of Alaska and Hawaii and to Puerto Rico.In the case of needs" includes minor repairs and minor improvements to real Alaska ad Puerto Rico the term 'county' as used in this Act shall property. The second makes it clear that loans made under the be deemed synonymous with the Territory, or any subdivision title are renewable. thereof as may be designated by the Secretary, and payments under Submarginal land section 33 of this Act shall be made to the Governor of the Terri- The Senate amendment contains no express provision relating tory or to the fiscal agent of such subdivision. to retirement of submarginal land,The conference agreement "SEPLRABU.LTY contains the provisions of the Rouse bill without change. "Sec. 55. U any provision of this Act, or the applIcatIon thereof General provisions to any person or circumstances, is held invalid, the remainder of Under the Senate amendment, a corporation is established tO the Act, and the application of such provisions to other persons carry out its provisions.The Rouse bill conferred the powers on or circumstances, shall not be affected thereby." the Secretary of Agriculture and did not provide for a corpora- That the Rouse recede from its disagreement to the amendment tion.The conference agreement establishes a corporation in the to the title of the bill, Department of Agriculture, the directors of which are to be De- MAIvIN Josess, partment officials, who serve without additional compensation. W,z, Dorry, The Secretary of Agriculture can empower the corporation to Ct,trroao R. HOPE. exercise the functions conferred upon him under the farm tenant Managers onthe part of the' House. and rehabilitation loan titles and In the parts of the general title J. H. Bspxpmw, whIch relate to such subjects.When so authorized the act ap- J. P. Pose, plies to the corporation Just as it does to the Secretary.The LYNN J. FftA. ccfrporation can exercise no powers under the submarginal land Managers on the part of the Senate. title,The corporation La order effectively to exercise the powers conferred upon it must have the power conferred in the Senate s'rATESIEN'T amendment to acquire, bold, and dispose of real and personal The managers on the part of the House at the conference on property,In the conference agreement. that power has been he disagreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendments ofstrictly limited, so that It is not a general one, but Is confined Senate to the bill (H. H. 7562) to encourage and promote the only to the necessities of exercising the powers given it and mus iership of farm homes and to make the possession of suchbe exercised subject to the limitations of the act. Thus a pan ,rnes more secure, to provide for the general weifare of the corporate power with respect to real and personal property ma Jnited States, to provide additional credit facilities for agricul- not be construed to authorize a general property purchase and tural development, and for other purposes, submit the following sale. program contrary to the terms of titles I or IL statement in explanation of the effect of the action agreed upon The remainder of the general title in the conference agreement by the conferees and recommended In the accompanying confer- is the same as the same title in the House bill with thefollowing ence report: differences: 1937 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7137 The conference agreement omits the provision ot the House There is this further provision put Into the bill: The Senate bfll under wbJcreductiOns In personnel were to be determined In accortance with a geographical rule.The provls10for requir- bill provided for MmimSation by a orUon instd ot Ing apportionment8 of appoIntments of pemonnel 1i accordance by the Secretary of Aicu1t.ire. with the censia 1as been macla to apply only where it Is prac- In the conference report we author the Secretary to ticable to do so. use a corporation if he finds it advisable to do so. Under the House bill, land could be acquired without regard In oth to seCtion 355 ot the Revised Statutes under which various re.words, it is in his discretion; but that corporation mu3t ex- straint8 are put upon land acquisition.The con1erece agree- ercise only the functions that are conferred upon the Sec- ment lim.tta that exception so that acquisition of sUbmrgthaIretary under the terms cd the bin. - land mube in accordance with section 355 wbenever that section by its terms applies. That, I believe, covers the main changes in the measure. An express provision in the conlerence agreement whicb Mr. WARREN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? was adapted from the Senate amendment requires that litigation Mr. JONES.I yield. be conducted under the supervision of the Attorney General by Mr. WARREN. The gentleman will recall that I offered the mrtouB district attorneys. Under tbe Rouse bUl. property 1eld by the Secretary waea very important amendment which was agreed to by the taz exempt, but property wttct was Ia the hands ot the bene- House, which assigned over to this new agency certain farm &iarieof the tenant and rebab111tatio1 provisions waa subject lands in various States that had been acquired by the Re- to taxaUon. By rean of the inclusion of a corporation In the settlement MmlnlstraUon. Can the gentleman tell me what conference aeeent itIs necessary to carry over some of the prov1sans of the Senate amendment relating to taxation and taxbecame of that amendment? exemption of the corporate property.The conference agreement Mr. JONES. That amendment Is retained in the bill. provides that even though title Is in tbe Secretary or the Cor- Mr. !vUTCL of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, will the gen- poration. retL and penonn.1 property in the bands of benefictartes of titles I and U Ia subject to ta2ation.Property of the Cot-tleman yield? poratioll or the Seetary (used for administrative purposes) and Mr. JONES. I Yield. propertl owned by them and not. In the hands ot sucb bene- Mr. ?vflTCKL of Tennessee. The appraisement of the ficiariesIstax exempt. The Corporation's franc1iSe1. income.lands remains In the hauds of the local committee? notes. etc.. are taz exempt. An expresa provision of tbe confer- ence agreement preserves tbe power and duty of the Secretary to Mr. JONES. In the hands of the local committee. S aiake sucb payments In lieu ot taxes, on property held by him Mr. TCwgTL of Tennessee. The sana as it was origi- as are now authoilzed by law. nally passed? The conlerence agreement provides that the county com- Mr. JONES. Just as it passed the House. mittee shall meet on the call of the county agent or sucb person as the Secretary may dIgnate. Mr. MITCHELL of Tennessee.That is true as to the The conference agreement contains a provision taken from applicant for the loan? the Senate amendment under whicb trte President is authorized Mr. JONES. Yes. to traner to tbe Secretary or the Corporation any land under the superviMon of the secretary whicb is suitable tor use under Mr. MITCHELL of Tennessee. And also the appraisal of the act and authorizes them to use and dtpc5e ot sucb land In the land? suc1 manner, and subject to suth terms and conditions as the Mr. JONES.Yes. President determ1newill best carry out the objectives ot the act. Mr. NEI..SON.This local committee Is made up of three The conference agreement contains a prohibition on making of loans, and transferring real property to corporations tor farm- farmers? ing purposes. A comparable provision Is found In the Senate Mr. JONES. The local committee Is made up of three amendment. farmers; yes. Inauth as the House bili did not contain any provision for a corporation, the usual penalty provisions in r&ation to Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, will the gen- transactions by and property of Federal corporations were not in- tlernan yield? cluded.The conference agreement provtdefor a corporation. Mr. JONES.I Yield. and hence includes tbe penalty provisions ot tbe Senate amend- n'ent. Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. As I under5tand, the same Section 49 of the Rouse bill contained certaIn provisions amounts remain available, $10,000,000 the first year. $25,- problbitlng ocers. attorneys, and employees of the United State8 000,000 the second, and $50,000,000 thereafter? to be the beneficiaries of any tees, commxsions. or gifts in con- rection with any transaction or business ot the United States Mr. JONES. That Is correct; $50,000,000 the third year Under the bill.The conference agreement makes it clear thatand succeedIng years.That change was made. The House this provision Is to apply to officers, attorneys, and employees ol bill only ran for 3 years.This change says "not to exceed the Corporation. $50,000,000 for each year after the secoud year."It Is a The House recedes on the title and s1ort title to tbe biu. M*zvn Joiis. continuing authorlzatiorather than a limited one.I am W&t Doxrr. glad the gentleman called my attention to that. CLIJTO*D WHope. Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma.Is there any provision with Managers onthe partoIthe House. reference to submarginal lands? Mr. JON. Mr. Speaker, those who are interested have Mr. JONES.Yes.That rpm*jnc as in the House bill. read the statement or have followed the changes in the meas- Mr. CASE of South Dakota.Mr. Speaker, wili the gentle- ure.The measwe as reported follows the general outlinesman Yield? of the Rouse bill.The questions involved In title I which Mr. JONES.I yield. caused a discussion here are identical with the Rouse provi- Mr. CASE of South Dakota. What proviston Is made fo!! sions. with these excepUons: We retain the loan provisions;title to the land?Are the lands 5Ubject to taxation? the Government does not take UtIe to the land at 811.In Mr. JONES. The land Is subject to taxes right along. the Rouse bill there waa a provision that the loan periodThe Government never owns the land, and th&efore it nev -J should not exceed 30 years. and that the man could not sell would be exempt from taxation. the property until he paid for the entire loan, except with the Mr. Spearer, I yield 5 mInutes the geuI1emn from consent of the Secretary.Under the bill as reported the timeflllnos (Mr. LucAs). is changed from not exceeding 30 years to not exceeding 40 Mr. LUCAS. Mr. Speaker, having spent more time on the years.The rate of Interest the same; and we have problem of farm tenancy than any other major issue before this added provision: That. if the man pays off the loan atCongress today. I am campeiled at thLs juncture of farm- any time he may have the deed, except that if he pays it offtenancy legislation to speak briefly again upon thJs vital v within the period of 5 years the Government will not issue a issue. full release until the end of the 5-year period. The Is a I think the distinct difference between the House bill. further provision broadening the statement in the House biflwhich received overwhelming approval here, and the bill which stipulated that the purthaser should not waste the laudwhich was passed by the Senate Is gei:ierally understood by or damage the buildings or injure the soil.That Is clarified the Members of the House.I think It Is understood by all and added to by stipulating that he shall during thIs 5-year that the confees faced a formidable task In recoiicthng the period, or during the period which he takes to pay, complyconflicting provisions of these two measwes. There was a with such farm practices as the Secretary may nd essentialfundamental difference involved.There we two enUrely to the preservation and conservation of the soil. different ptillosophies In the bills. 7138 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-}IOUSE JULY 13 From the beginning of the hearings on farm-tenancy legis- For 40 long years the man who borrows a dollar under lation last January I never altered my position in my an- bill is under the absolute dorrunation of the Secretary tagonism toward the Government going into the purchasin' Agriculture, whosoever he may be.It is not a question r acquiring of lands for the purpose of resale to a tenant. to Mr. Wallace, the present Secretary. in whom we all ha appreciate the fact that in days of economic stress andconfidence; but I warn you gentlemen that you are now trouble, such as this Nation has been passing through dur- taking a step along a road that runs down through the ing the last few years, it has become necessary in many years.You do not know, and I do not know who the next Instances to transfer a certain amount of local government Secretary of Agriculture will be.I for one will never con- to the Nation's Capital; but the great difficulty in this trendsent that he shall tell the farmers in my State how, what, toward centralized government is to know when and where when, and where they may plant and harvest their crops... to stop.Certainly this is not an emergency piece of legis- Mr. MICEEN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield lation, and the more local autonomy you can keep in legisla- Mr. PACE.I do. tion of this kind the better it will be for the future govern- Mr. MICHENER. Right along the line the gentleman has ment of this country. suggested, the Bureau of the Census advises us that 42 per- I know the type of tenants both bills seek to reachin- cent of the farmers of the country are tenant farmers. As dustrious. thrifty, and Independent tenants.I undertake tosuggested by the gentleman from Georgia. we will by this say at this point that had the Senate bill become the law of action be giving the Secretary of Agriculture absolute can- the land, and had any independent, honest, thrifty tenanttrol to regiment over 42 percent of the farmers In the thoroughly understood the provisions of the Senate bill, hecountry if this bill does what it is presumed to do. never would have entered into partnership with Uncle Sam. Mr. PACE. Mr. Speaker, I appeal to the Members to read Under the philosophy of the Senate bill, those Independent the provisions that have been added to the bill. Americans, many of whom in my community are leaders in Mr. JONES. Mr. Speaker, I think that my good friend public thought and social activitieS, would be placed underfrom Georgia is unduly excited over this provision. This will the direct control, supervision, and guidance of Uncle Sam not apply to any 42 percent of the farmers.It will apply as their landlord.This is bureaucratic control from Wash- only to those who want to avail themselves of the benefits of ington. which, in my opinion, is wholly unnecessary, and I the bill and who are given special concessions of a low Inter- make the prediction that If the time ever comes in Americaest rate not exceeding 3 percent, and a period of loan not when Uncle Sam becomes landlord for a million tenants, exceeding 40 years. which was the bright prospect under the Senate bill, within It is my feeling that If we are to have a farm program a short space of time, from 30 to 40 years, the next stepand those who went through the agonies of the period when will be for the Government to control all of the lands of thewe did not have a farm program know that the only sensible country, and land socialism will be the policy of the Govern- thing is to have oneif we are to have a farm program ment. When that last vestige of independent initiative is somebody must adyninfter it.Our present farm program is stripped from the farmers, then another different andbased on the soundest principles, those of soil conservation. strange so-called Utopia in government will replace theCertainly It Is my thought that If we are going to have Government of our fathers. as the basis, and If we are going to charge a low Interest In conclusion,, I want to pay a tribute to the House con-and encourage these people, those who avail themse 'erees for standing by their guns, upon what seems to meof the benefit of this legislation should submit to the o be one of the most important problems which any groupfarming practices that are required of the others who carry of conferees was compelled to face. out the farm program already adopted. Especially do I want to commend the distinguished chair- Mr. PACE. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. JONES. I yield. man of the Committee on Agriculture for his rigidity. firm- Mr. PACE. There should not be any difference between us. ness, and fairness In acceding to the wishes of Members ofThe gentleman must agree that under this bill every single the House.I think It is generally agreed that there areperson who gets a dollar must agree to carry out such prac- certain manifestations of farm tenancy dealing with the tices as the Secretary of Agriculture may prescribe, and that social fabric of the Nation which must be seriously considered that has nothing in the world to do with general conserva- in the future, and as an experiment in a problem where thetion but is in addition thereto. field is broad and fertile I hope that we are In the beginning Mr, JONES.I may state to the gentleman that certainly assuming the one and only justifiable course.[Applause.] the administrative authority on the one will probably have Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? the same requirements In the other, for It will be the same Mr. LUCAS.I yield. suiminfctrative authority In both Instances. Certainly some- Mr. SABATH.I fully appreciate that the gentleman hasbody has to name the conditions and we cannot do that In devoted a great deal of time and study to this problem andthe bill.I would rather have the Secretary of Agriculture, that probably few Members are better posted or better In-who is ailmlnistenng the program for the other farmers, formed upon this subJect than the genten' from mlnois.stipulate the conditions than to have It done by anyone Do I understand that the gentleman Is willing for this con-else; and, certainly. I would not want just to permit them ference report to be adopted because he considers the legis- to have special rates with no obligation. lation to be merely an experiment and not a permanent Mr. DOY. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? fixed policy of the Government? Mr. JONES.I yield. Mr. LUCAS. No; I think that in the beginning it will be Mr. DOXEY. I appreciate the action of the chairman In an experiment, but that If It Is handled properly It will be-yielding to me to make an observation for the benefit of the come a permanent policy of the Government to benefit thegentleman from Georgia.I do not know whether the gen- farm tenants of this country. tleman from Georgia ever served on a conference committee [Here the gavel felL] or not, but If he has he will appreciate the difficulties that Mr. JONES. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the gentle-face the conferees. man from Georgia [Mr. PACE]. This provision with reference to administration is taken Mr. PACE. Mr. Speaker, I hesitate to take issue with thefrom the Senate bill and not the House bill.Substantlail,y distinguished gentleman who heads the Committee on Agri-the same provision was offered in the House as an amend- culture, but I say quite frankly that If this conlereflce re-ment to the House bill but was defeated.This and one or port is adopted it will be the first step by Congress to puttwo minor propositions is about all we brought back I 'he farmers of this Nation into irons. the conference.I do notbelievethe gentleman Did you know that there has been added to this bill a Georgia means to be critical.I am sure that he is provision that every man who secures a dollar to get him aested in the program. He must know that we had to yi home must contract and agree "to cay out such farmingsomewhat to the Senate.If the bill is not entirely satis- practices s.c the Secretary of Agriculture shall prescribe"? factory, the gent.1ms.n should feel charitably towardit, 1937 CONGRESSIONALRECORD-HOUSE 7139 because the Senate and the Hotjse tried to work for the from the Governmerit he should subscribe to these require- benefit of agriculture. merits? / We are certain of one thing: When the Governmerit lenxis Mr. PACE.I am sorry, but I cannot vote un any cir- money it should try to see that the man who gets the benefit cumstances to make the tenants of my district &lbject to .' will farm in the right sort of way. the whim of anyman in the city of Washington. Mr. HOPE.Will the gentleman yield? [Here the gavel felL] Mr. JONES.I yield to the gentleman from Kansas Mr. MICHER. Will the gentleman from Texaa yield? Mr. HOPE. In view of the statement of the gentleman Mr. JONES.I yield to the gentleman from Mich1gan from Georgia, may I ask the chairman of the Agricultural Mr. ilCHENER.Is it riot true that there has been but Committee d he knows of any individual, corporation, or one bill aectmg agriculture passed by the Congress within organization of aiy kind which would sell land to a man the last few years contnlnlng the regimentation that this with nothing down and simply an option?Some super- bill does in this particular section. and I reler to the potato- vision bas to be exercised over the man while he is pay control bill?This is the bill that has been before the jg for it. Congress that has contained the potato-control regulation Mr. JONES.I do notiow of any wbo would do thatwhich the country so condemned? and I never heard of anyone like that.As a rule there Mr. JONES.I do not think the gentleman would even are in some of the mortgages issued by private companiessuggest that comparison if he had taken the time to read stipulations that would almost astonish you if you read themthe entfre bill and compare it.This Is a purely voluntax7 carefully, but they are safeguarding provisions.All the Sec- transaction. The potato bill levied a tax on aU potato retary can do Il any of these covenants is violated is togrowers regardless of whether they entered Into tb program declare the balance due and leave the man where he started.or not.As a starter in the present program the Govern- 4All he can do is take away the privileges which the Gov- ment is going to lend 100 percent.It Is going to lend that ernment extended in the first place. money to tenants who are selected by local committees. Mr. HOPE. Of course, we assume that the purchaser Several concessions are made.It Is not In my opin- S goes into this with his eyes open. ion, for the authorities who have this matter In charge and Mr. JONES. He does not have to take advantage of thisthose who will agniniRter it to have the right to see that opportunity if he does not want to. the land is not abused and that the secwlty which the Mr. HOPE. He does not have to accept the provision. Government ha.s under this program is not dissipated. The Mr. JONES. The Senate conferees, of course, want thewhole conference group is of the opinion this is a reasonable Government td purchase these lands and go through a lease provision. period and not give title to the purchaser until the end of Mr. ZThIMERMAN. Will the gentleman 3'teld? 20 years.I hope the gentleman feels this Is a much less Mr. JONES.I yield to the gentleman from MIouri. Mr. ZIMMERMANIs it not a fact In addition to putting drastic provision than that. up all the money to buy this land, the Government even Mr. Speaker, I yield the gentleman from Georgia [Mr.agrees to make subsistence loans to the tenant farmer? PACE] 3 additional minutes. Mr. JONES. Yes. Mr. PACE. Mr. Speaker, I do not want to be inisunder- Mr. ZIMMEBMA.N. And it is no more than fair or rea- S stood.This provision has nothing to do with preventingsonable to require him to follow certain directions of the waste. That was in the bill as we passed it, and I favor it.ItDepartment? has notthng to do with keeping the property insured. That Mr. JONES. This is not regimentation, and I do not favor is all right.It is provided by section 4, page 3, of the con-regimentation. ference report that the Secretary of Agriculture shall pre- Mr. BURDICK. Will the gentleman yield? scribe rules and regulations for operating the farm, what Mr. JONES.Iyieldtothe gentleman from North he shall plant, how he shall plant, when he shaU gather.Dakota. bow he shall gather, what warehouse the products shall be Mr. BURDICK.I was interested in what the gentleman taken to. and provides, Il you please, if you do not do everyfrom Georgia said a while ago. He stated he has 24,000 single thing that the Secretary of Agriculture tells you totenants in his district. May I ask him, under the ternis of do he has the right to declare your loan in default, fore- this bill, how many of the tenants can be aided? close and take your home. Mr. JONES.It depends upon the appropriations to be I say that is important, Mr. Speaker, because today wemade by the Congress.If the thing Is worked properly, I are just beginning.If we start off with such a provisionthink this program will be more beneficial as time goes on. and put the tenants of this Nation in irons, we will certainly Mr. BURDICK.I mean the first year. see the day when there will be millions of tenants in this Mr. JONES. There will be comparatively few.There is Nation under such domination. only $10,000,000 made available the first year.However, Mr. LUCAS. Will the gentleman yield? practically all the great programs of this country stazted Mr. PACE.I yield to the gentleman from Illinois. modestly.Usually when they started too ambitiously they Mr. LUCAS. Admttting what the gentleman says is cor- were bogged down. rect Mr. HOFFMAN. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. PACE. There cannot be any doubt about that. Mr. JONES.I yield to the gentleman from Michigan. Mr. LUCAS. Does the gentleman believe any independent. Mr. HOFFMAN. The House bill Is so much better than thrifty, honest, frugal tenant, which this bill seeks to reach.the proposal advanced in the Senate that there is no com- will enter into a partnership with Uncle Sam under such parison.I agree with the chairman.If the Government Is circumstances? to lend this money, it should be protected agathst waste and Mr. PACE.If he will not, then the bill means nothing.the other things that naturally follow improper farming. Mr. LUCAS. That ought to satisfy the gentleman fromHowever, I recall that on the last page of the application for Georgia. a rehabilitation loanand I have cited this fact here before Mr. PACE.I want a tenant bill.I have 24.000 tenants in (REcoRD. p. 4199)there was a requirement that the bor.. mdistrict, and I want to help those poor fellows, but asrower should not do anything that was in opposttion to the this matter stands today you compel me to vote against aA. A. A. program until the money borrowed and interest conference report to help the men in my district. thereon was paid.Under this act can the Secretary go tha Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Will the gentleman yield? far? Mr. PACE.I yield to the gentleman from Missouri. Mr. JONES.I do not ththk so.There is no authoriza- Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Since the Government is putting uption for that, and I would very much oppose any such all the money and taking all the risk, does not the gentle- provi$wn. man think if the tenant wants to avail hm-c4f of assistance Mr. HOFFMAN.I should hope so. 7140 CONGRESSIONALRECORD-HOUSE JULY 13 Mr. JONES. Mr. Speaker, I move thepreviousquestion The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of on the conference report. 4entleman from New York? The previous question was ordered. There was no objection. The conference report was agreed to. CONTROL OP OUTBREAKS OP INSECT PssIS A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. Mr. CANNON of Missouri.Mr. Speaker, I ask .,.ous Jonsent. for the present consideration of the joint esolutlon (H. J. Res. 431) makIng an appropriation for control cat The :s laid before the House the following vetooutbreaks of insect pests. message of the .-'dent of the United States, which was The Clerk read the title of the joint rem on. react by the Cle Mr. STJMNERS of Texas. Mr. S. reserving the. right to object. may I inquire of the ge., eman from Mis- To the House of Reesentatives: souri If he can indicate how long It " take to dispose of I return, without mpprova1 the bill H. H.. 2151, entItledthe matter which he has just presen "An act to carry out thnding3 of the Court of Claims In Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. 'er, this bill has been the claim of Morse Drydo& Repair Co." reported out by the unanimous voof the committee. So This claim is based upon. alleged unpaid balance of thefar as I know there is no opposi' 'n to the measure.It Is charge of the Morse DrydockRepair Co. agrnt the Uniteda matter of national emergency/ States Mail Stc.rnthip Co.. Infor labor and materials fur- 'Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. r. Speaker, I withdraw my nished in reconditioning the .. . . pa George Washington, objection. f America. Princess Matoilca, P.. . as, Susquehanna, and The SPEA. The (2air recognized the gentleman Potomac, delivered to the steaznshi company pursuant to afrom Missouri upon his a.brance that there was no opposi- contract entered into by it with thenited States Shippingtion to the joint resolutll and that it was a matter of great Board on May 28, 1920, by the terms o which the steamshipemergency. company agreed to recondition said vegls, at its own cost Is there objection fib the request of the gentleman from and expense, promptly upon the delivery, the veesels to it, Missouri? and to charter them for a period of 5 7 at the rate of There was no jection. $3.50 per net register ton per' month. The Clerk read the joint resolution, as fOflOWE The United States Mail StemRhip Co.. contracted Resoived, etcThat for carrying out the purposes of and for with the claimant, the Morse Drydock & RepaIr0., for the expenditures orized under the public resolution ing fundsavailablefor the control of Inolpient or work of reconditioning these six vessels.The .- tiatloris emergency tbreakeof Insectpests orplantdiseases, including leading up to the contracts were with the .. com- Morn crickets,and,ht,,hbugs", approvedApril pany, and the claimant at all times during the work 'f re- 6.-op 1937. ere Is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the eas not otherwise appropriated, the sum of $1,000,000. to conditioning understood that the steamh1p company re available until June 30. 1938: ProvIded, That in the dla- pay for the work and did not look to the Shipping Board of the Secretary of Agriculture. no past of this appropris- payment. sh*U be expended for control of grahoppers, or i'fi'I bugs InanyState until such Stats has provi A receiver was appointed to take over the assets of the oe'ganiration or materials and supplies neceary for 'n.ited States Mall Steamship Co.. Inc., on August 16. 1921. on:Providedfurther,TheA transportation of control ma nd said company was adjudged a bankrupt on November 14, underthis appropriation shall be under cond.ltiona end 1921, by the United States District Court for the Sou rn . determined by the Secretary of Agricultore as most advan- ta: -' to the Federal Government: ProvIded /la'the?, That pro- District of New York. At the time of the appointment o cure. -. ta under this appropriation may be madeb7open-market receiver the steamship company was indebted to the 'p..purch - notwithstanding the provisions of section 3'709 of the ping Board on account of accrued charter hire In the..' of Revisedatutes of the United States (U. S. C., title 41, sec. 6). $501,552.93.A settlement agreement was entered into be- With following committee amendment: tween the United States and the trustees in bankrVptcy. by Page 2, 1.. 5, after the colon. insert the following: "Provided which the trustees assigned and tranaf erred to te United further, That appropriation shall be expended under the per- States all interest In any money or accounts dupthe steam-sonal supervisi.. and direction of the Secretary ofAgriculture. who shall make detailed report to the Secretary of the Senate ship company or the trustee.s, in cousideratioi4f which theand the Clerk the House of Representatives of the several United States withdrew its proof of claim I o4he amount ofItems of expendi made hereunder." the accrued charter hire and paid to the trtees the sum of Mr. CANNON of 'un. Mr. Speaker, the Budget esti- $175,000. The trustees thereupon releasethe United States provided for an from liability for all claims against theA,ankrupt estate. mate for this purpo. submitted last April expenditure of $2,000,' . The Committee on Appropria- The approval of this bill would givee claim of the Morse tions, in pursuance of Itslicy of holding down expenditures Drydock & Repair Co. a preferred stus, to the exclusion ofto a minimum, reported 'in for half the amount, which other creditors. was passed by the House became a law. Had it been estahiished that t'United States is morally But the Infestations this y- have been unusually heavy. liable for the balance due on .'.t of the repairs to these In fact, reports received tbrou :- the Departmentof Agricul- vessels, under the charter pa-agreement payment should ture and from Members of the ' Indicate that it is per- be made to the bankrupt es haps the heaviest for many ye As a result, the first For this reason and theeasons set forth in the attachedappropriation has been exhausted, unless further funds letter. I do not feel jus in approving this bill. are available the loss of crops An .. . tales will be serious. FRANKLnI D. ROOSEVELT. The loss in corn alone will amount to a tional catastrophe. Tiix Wirrrz HOUSE u1y12, 1937. All corn reserves are being exhausted an portatloflS from abroad have been required to supply barestomestiC require- The SPEAKER. The objections of the President will be ments.It is believed that prompt action ' save corn and entered at large .n the Journal. ther crops not yet matured. Mr. S .i' of Maryland. Mr. Speaker. I move that the This bill appropriates the remeiniflgmillion' recOni- message ande bill be referred to the Committee on Claimsmended by the Budget. The funds arebeing econ' .cally ad- and be prin d under the rule. ministered, and practically the entireamount Is '"B spent The mo n was agreed to. for materials. The States and localsubdIViSiOZiS are PESSLSSSION To ADDRESS THE HOUSE transportation and distribution, aridFederal approp are applied directly withoutmaterial overhead expend! Mr. - NELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask flnnimous consent that Every 24 hours count, andthe bill onbnday next, alter the disposition of the business on the The time Is short. For that reason I ask for Spy&ker's table and the completion of the legislative businessbe rnessaged over this afternoon. vote on the bill and amendmentwithout extended debate. othe day, the gentleman from Minnesota (Mr. KrrrsoNl agreed to. /naY be permitted to address the House for 30 minutes. The committee amendment was 7158 CONGRESSIONALRECORD-SENATE JULY 15 SENATE Mr. McLLAR. Mr. President. before the roll Is called will the Senator from flhinois yield to me? THURSDAY, JULY 15, 1937 Mr. LElVIS.Mr. President, I withdraw for the pr t The Chaplain, Rev. ZBarney T. Phflhips, 1). D., offered the the suggestion of the absence of a quorum. iwing prayer: The PRESIDENT pro tempore.The Senator from '.ojs withdraws the point of no quorum. o 'erciftl God and Heavenly Father, who has taught US Mr. McKELLARMr. President, House Joint . utlon in ThHoly Word that Thou doest not willingly aict or431, making an appropriation for the control of .breaks of grieve thchildren of men: We come unto Thee at this r sorrow-latn hour like ships storm-driven into port, likeinsect pests, has just come over from the -.I am wanderers seeking refuge from the whelming night, askingauthorized by the Committee on Appropriati', and for the Thee to recei us. to shelter us under Thy wing, to hide usSenator from Virginia I Mr. Gi.sss], to repothe joint reso- in Thy heart. \ lution favorably without amendment, an submit a report Thou hast tan uito Thyself the soul of our beloved(No. 887) thereon.I ask unanimous co'. .t for the imme- friend and gallan'leader, for whose life we thank Thee,diate consideration of the joint resolut who knew no fear sve that of wounding Thee, who never Mr. IiG. Mr. President, a pa amentary Inquiry. stooped to an unchiva'lous deed, but always bowed in rever- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. e Senator will state It. ence before the innocente of little children because his heart Mr. G. Does that mean , without discussion and was pure. Help us to izitate his virtues and at this altarconsideration, the House joint rlutioii shall be approved? of our sorrow to rededlcate'ur lives to Thee and to the serv- Mr. McLAB. Yes; I It may mean that, The ice of our beloved country. hrough these halting hours of proof before the House o. .. ttee shows that a great emer- anguish deal tenderly, 0 copassionate Father, with thegency exists in the West regard to insect pests. The dear one, the heart companloof his life; enfold her InSenator from Colorado Ispeclally interested In the passage Thine arms of everlasting love, a by the very hush of Thyof the proposed legtsla 'n; it seemed to the committee to presence soothe her aching heart, \ be an emergency , and It Is hoped that the joint Bide with us all, dear Lord, for ddIs fast dying and theresolution may be .' without delay. shadows of the night shall fall, and sdep we shall no longer Mr. McNARY. President, I do not recall the provi- see each other's faces here, but be oilight In darknesssions of the me -e. till Thy day shall break above us as we wit. We ask it In Mr. Mc :.. .Sometime ago the Congress, in connee.. the name and for the sake of Him who Ilath brought lifetion with w Is known as the grasshopper control, author- and Immortality to light, Jesus Christ, Thy'on, our Lord.ized an ap' .prlation of $2,000,000, $1,000,000 of which has Amen. been appr. ted and spent. The proof before the House THE JOVRNAL was so v - strong that, in order to control grasshoppers and consent,other ' in various Western States, It is absolutely neces- On request of Mr. BAaxixT, and by unanlmo sary t the appropriation provided by the joint resolution the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of th. calen-sha be made. dar days Tuesday, July 13, 1937, and Wednesday, J 14. e PRESIDENT pro tempore.Is there objection to the 937, was dispensed with, and the Journal was approv nt consideration of the House joint resolution? MESSAGE FROM TUE HOVSE There being no objection, the joint resolution (H. 3. Res, A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Chat 431) making an appropriation for the control of outbreaks fee, one of Its reading clerks, communicated to the Se. of Insect pests was considered, ordered to a third reading, the resolutions of the House adopted as a tribute to the third time, and passed, as follows: memory of Hon. Joseph T. Robinson, late a Senator'in solved, etc., That for carrying out the purposes of and for the State of Arkansas. ditures authorized under the public resolution entitled "Joint The message announced that the House had -,a resol on making funds available for the conll'ol of incipient or joint resolution (H. J. Res. 431) making an app prlatlon emerge cy outbreaks of insect pests or plant diseases. Including grasahop - Mormon crickets, and chinch bugs", apprOved April for the control of outbreaks of Insect pests, which it6, 1937, t. re is hereby appropriated, out of any money In the requested the concurrence of the Senate, Treasury n.otherwise appropriated, the sum of $1,000,000. to remain avail untIl June 30. 1938: Provided, That In the dis- ENROLLED Bfl.LS SIGNED cretion of the: tary of Agriculture, no part of this appropria- The message also announced that the S.ker had affixedtion shall be e nded for control of grasshoppers. Mormon crick- ets, or chinch b. in any State until such Stats baa provided his signature to the following enrolled b -,and they werethe organIzation o materials and supplies necessary for coopera- signed by the President pro tempore: tion: Provided / urt That this appropriation shAll be expended H. R. 458. An act for the relief of Markowitz; under the personal s' erviston and direction of the Secretary of H. R. 730. An act for the relief ofosepb M. Clagett, Jr.: Agriculture, who shall .. e a detailed report to the Secretary of the Senate and the dc of the House of Representatives of the H.R.1377. An act for the reliof Walter T. Karshner,several items of expend! e made hereunder Provided further, Zatherine Karsbner Anna M.. and Mrs. James E.That transportation of C' trol materlal.s purchased under this McShane: appropriation shall be unde.nditlons and means determined by H. R. 1945. An act for the .ef of Venice La Prad; the Secretary of Agriculture a most advantageous to the Federal Government: Provided further, '.t procurements under this ap- H. R. 2332. An act for the elief of William Sulem; propriation may be made by opemarket purchases notwithstand- H. R. 2562. An act for relief of Mr. and Mrs. David ing the provisions of section 3709 .f tile Revised Statutes of the Stoppel; United States (U. S. C., title 41, 5). H. R. 2565. An act .nfer jurisdiction on the Court of Mr. McLAR. Mr. Presiden'I ask itnanimouS con- Claims to hear, det- . e, and enter judgment upon thesent that the joint resolution may signed by the Presid- claims of contractofor excess costs incurred while con-ing Officer while the Senate is in or adjournment structing navigat . dams and locks on the M'IssIcslppIfollowing today's session. River and its trtaries; and t objection, It Is H. R. 3634. act for the relief of Noah Spooner. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. WI so ordered. OUSE .ioni'r RESOLtTION REFERRED .4. The jol resolutionH. 3. Res. 431) mkiflg an appro- FARNIRS HOME CORPORATIONCONFERENCE REPORT uriationr the control of outbreaks of insect pests was read Mr. BANKREAD Mr. President, for certain reasons, I vice b' its title arid referred to the Committee on Appro-am anxous to have final action taken onthe conference iatiç6s. report on House bIll 7562, being the farm tenancy bill, so- called; I submit the conference report, and ask unanimous CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS If It leads to any fr. LEWIS.I ask for a roll call, In order to assure theconsent for its Immediate consideration. presence of a quorum. debate, I will withdraw the request. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The clerk will call the roll. The PRESIDENT pro texnpore. Thereport will be read. 1937 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7159 lion contained in such instruments, or upon inwotuntesy traer The Chief C'erk read the report, as followr: or sale, the Secretary may declare the amount unpaid The committee of conference on the disagreeing Votes of the due and payable. and that, without the consent 05 the two Houses on the amendment of the Senate to the bill (H. H. no final payment shall be accepted, or release of the 7562)to encourage and promote the ownership of farm homes Interest be made. ion than five years aX icr the making of the and to make the possession of such homes more secure, to pro- Except as provided In paragraph (6) of .ubsection (b)' vide for the general welfare of the United States, to provide addi- Instrument provided for In this section shall prohibtt the irepsy- tional credit facilities for agricultural development, and for other mont of any sum due under it. purposes. having met, after full and free conference, have agreed No provision of section 75, as sTnned, of the Act entitled to recommend and do recommend to their respective Houses as 'An Act to establish a uniform system of baninizptcy thxt*igbou$ follows: In lieu of the matter proposed to be Inserted by the Senate the United States', approved July 1, 1898 (U. 8. C.. 1934 ed,.tlti. amendment insert the foilowing: 11, sec. 203; Supp. II, title 11. sec. 203), otherwIse applicable In "That this Act may be cited as 'The Eankhead-Jories Farm respect of any Indebtedness Incurred under this title by any bene- Tenant Act'. ficiary thereof, shall be applicable In respect of such lndebt..T.... 'Drn.z IFARM TmAN'r PaoVTStoNS until such beneficiary has repaid at least 15 per centum tbsc. "eQvTrAm.I DZWrZzeUTIOW 01 WANE POwzz OP XTAAY "Sxcrlosr i: (a) The Secretary of Agriculture (hereinafter re- "Sac. 4. In loans under this title, the amount which Ii ferred to as the 'Secretary')Is authorized to make loans in the devoted to such purpose during any fiscal year shall be distributed United States and In the Territories of Alaska and Hawaii and In equitably among the several States and TitorIss on the basIs of Puerto Rico to persons eligible to receive the benefits of this title farm population and the prevalence of tenancy, as det mined by to enable such persons to acquire farms. the Secretely. (b) Only farm tenants, farm laborers. sharecroppers, and other "AVOIDAXCI OP psoeworiow WaNarOic Individuals who obtain, or who recently obtained, the major por- "Sec. 6. Zn carrying out this title, the Secretary shall give due tion of their Income from farming operatlofla shall be eligible to consideration to the desirability of avoiding the ,.nir of receive the benefits of this title.In making available the benefits production for market of basic commodities where such expansion of this title, the Secretary shall give preference to persons who would detest the policy 05 Congrem as set forth in section 1 (a) are married, or who have dependent families, or. wherever prac- (5) of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, as ticable, to persons who are abte to make an Initial down pay- amended, and shall, so far as prIc'." aulst beneficiaries of ment. or who are owners of livestock and farm implements neces- the program under this title to become established upon lands sary successfully to carry on farming operations. No person shall now in cultivation. be eligible who Ia not a citizen of the United States. "(c) No loan shall be made for the acquisition of any farm "Sac. 6. To carry out the provisions 05 this titl, there is au- unless it is of such aim as the Secretary determines to be sufficient thorized to be appropriated not to exceed S10.000,000 for the fiscal to constitute an efficient farm-management unit and to enable year ending June 30. 1938. not to esesed $25,000,000 for the fiscal a diligent farm family to carry on successful farmingofa type year endIng June 30. 1939. and not to exceed $50,000,000 for each which the Secretary deems can be .uccessiully carried on in the fiscal year thereafter.Not moe. than 6 per of the sums locality in which the farm is situated. appropriated for any fiscal year In prr'' 05 thIs section shall 'comevw cosei awn waws be available for administrative -'p." In carrying out this title 2. (a) The County Committee established under sectionduring such fiscal year. 42 ah&ll- 'I'rTLr flRenazn.aTaTzO1! Losass r.mine applications (filed with the county agent In the county, or with such other person as the Secretary may designate) sOwass awn of persons desiring to finance the acquisition of farms in the "Sacrxoir 21. (a) Out of the funds made avaflsbl under section 93. county by means of a loan from the Secretary under this title. the Secretary shall have power to make loans to eligible 5!mmine and appraise farms in the county with respect vtduals for the purchon of livestock, farm equipment. its to which an application for a loan Is made. and for other farm needs ("""f miner impro- (b) It the committee finds that an applicant Is eligible to minor repairs to real property), and for the reflnanm1gof receive the benefits of this title, that by reason of his character. ednese. and for family subsistence. ability, and experience he Is likely successfully to carry out under- "(b) Loans made under this section shall bear Iniareat at a rate takings required of him under a loan which may be made under not in excessof3 per centum per annum, and shall have maturi- this title, and that the farm with respect to which the applica- ties not In excess of five years. and may be renewed. Such loans tion Is made IsofsUch character that there Is a reasonable likeli- shall be payable in such In5ts11T.te as the may pro- hood that the of a loan with respect thereto will carry vide In the loan agreement.All loans made under this title shall' out the purposes of this title, it shall so certify to the Secretary. be secured by a chattel mortgage, a lien on crops, and an assign- The committee shall also certify to the Secretary the amount mentofproceeds from the sale of agricuLtural products, or by any which the committee finds Is the reasonable value of the farm. one or move of the foregoing. "(c) No certification under this section shall be made with (c) only farm owners, farm tenants, farm laborers, share- respect to any farm in which any member of thcommittee or croppers. and other Individuals who obtain, or who recently08- any person related to such member within the third degree of tained, the major portion of their income from farming opera- consanguinity or affinity ha. any property Interest, direct or in- tions, and who cannot obtain credit on reasonable terms from any direct, or in which they or either of them have had such Interest federally Incorporated l.lwiIflg Institution, shall be ellgib'e for within one year prior to the date of certification. loans under this section. (d) No loan shall be made to any person or with respect to "near ADZTseT any farm unless certification as required under this seCtiofl has "Sec. 22. The Secretary shall have power to aedit In the volun- been made with respect to such person and such farm by thetary adjustment of indebtedness bctWn farm debtors and their committee. creditors and may cooperate with and pay the whole or partof "yssasa or LOAWS the expenses of State, Territorial. and local agencies and com- "Sec. 3. (a) Loans made under this title shall be in such mittees engaged in such debt adjustment. Us Is also authorized amount (not in excess of the amount certified by the Countyto continue and carry out under"g5 with respect to farm debt Committee to be the value of the farm) as map be neceeesry to adjustment uncompleted at the time when appropriations for the enable the borrower to acquire the farm and for necessary repairs purpose of this section are first available.Services furnished b and improvements thereon, and shall be secured by a first mort- the Secretary under this section shall be without chargeto the gage or deed of trust on the farm. debtor or creditor. (b) The insiruments under which the loan Is made and se- "tmoPat6oW curity given therefor shall (1) ProvIde for the repayment of the loan within an agreed "Bra. 23. (a)' For the fiscal year ending June 30. 1938. the bal- period of not more than forty years from the making of the ances of funds available to the Secretary for loans andrelief to loan. farmers, pursuant to Executive Order Numbered 1530 of December (2) Provide for the payment of Interest on the unpaid balance 31. 1938. as amended by Executive Order Numbered '1561 of Febru- of the loan at the rate of 3 per centum per annum. ary 19. 1931. which as'. unexpended on June 30, 1937. areauthor- (3) Provide for the repayment of the unpaid balance of the ized to be appropriated to carry out the provisions of this title. loan, together with intereSt thereon, in installments in accordance (b) The President Is authorized to allot to the Secretary, out with amortization schedules prescribed bthe Secretary. of appropriations made for relief or work relief for any fiscal (4)Be in such form and contain such covenants as the year ending prior to July 1, 1939. such sums as he determines to Secretary shall prescribe to secure the payment of the unpaid be necemary to carry out the provisions of this title and to balance of the loan, together with interest thereon, to protect enable the Secretary to carry out iuch other forms of rehabilita- the security, and to assure that the farm will be maintained In tion of Individuals eligible under this title to receive loans as repair, and waste and exhaustion of the farm prevented, and that may be authorized by law and designated In the Executive order such proper farming practices as the Secretary shall prescribe directing the allotment will be carried out. '-rITLS ffl.ExrmT OP SUSIS&RGfl!AI. LANDS "(5) Provide that the borrower shall pay taxes and assessments on the farm to the proper taxing authorities, and Insure and pay for insurance on farm buildings. "Srorzow 81. The Secretary Is authorized and directed to deWl5D a (6) Provide that upon the borrower's assigning, seUing, or program of land conservation and land utlllmtJOfl, Including the Otherwise transferring the farm, or any Interest therein, without retirement of lands which are submarginal or not primarily suit- the consent of the Secretary, or upon default In the performance able foe' cultivation. in order thereby to correct maladjustments Ifl of, or upon any failure to comply with, any covenant or condi- land use, and thus assist in controlling soil erosion, reforestation. 7160 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 15 preserving natural resources, mitigating floods. preventing Impair- long a, there are two members in office. shall not Impair the rrient of dams and reservoirs, conserving surf ace and subsurfacepowers of the Board to execute its functions an two of the mem- moisture, protecting the watersheds of navigable streams, and pro-bers in office shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of tecting the public lands, health, safety, and welfare. business.The directors, appointed as herelnbefore provided, shall "Powms UssDm LA2D Pe0GSAM receive no addllttonal compensation for their services as such 32. T effectuate the program provided for in section 31, directors but may be allowed travel and subsistence expenses when ths Secretary is authorized engaged in business of the Corporation outside of the District, of (a) To acquire by purchase, gift, or device, or b7 transfer from Columbia. any agency of the United States or from any State, Territory, or '(c) The Board may select, subject to the approval of the political subdivision, submarginal land and land not primarilySecretary, an administrator, who shall be the executive officetof suitable for Cultivation, and interests in and options on such land,, the Corporation, with such power and authority as may be con. Such property may be acquired subject to any reservations, out-ferred upon him by the Board,. standing estates, (f) The Corporation interests, easements, or other encumbrances (1) Shall have succession in its corporate name: which the Secretary determines wiU not interfere with the utiliza- "(2) May adopt, alter, and use a corporate seal, which shall be tion of such property for the purposes of this title. judicially noticed: "(b) To protect, improve, develop, and administer any property (3) May sue and be sued in its corporate name in any court so acquired and to construct such structures thereon as may beof competent jurisdiction. State or Federal: Provided, That the necessary to adapt it to its most beneficial use. prosecution and defense of aU litigation to which the Corpora- "(C) To sell, exchange, lease, or otherwise dispose of. with ortion may be a party shall be conducted under the supervision without a consideration, any prOperty so acquired, Under such of the Attorney General, and the Corporation shall be repre- terms and conditions as he deems will best accoznpll,sh the pur- sented by the United States Attorneys for the districts, respec- poses of this title, but any sale, exchange, or grant shall be madetively, in which such litigation may arise, or by such other at- only to public authorities and agencies and only on condition that torney or attorneys as may, under the law, be designated by the the property is used for public purposes. The Secretary mayAttorney General: 4n4 provided further. That no attachment, recommend to the President other Federal, State, or Territorialinjunction, garnishment, or other similar process, mesne or final. agencies to administer such property, together with the conditions shall be issued against the Corporation or its property; of use and administration which will best serve the purposes of a May adopt, amend, and repeal bylaw,, rules, and regula- land-conservation and land-utiliratlon program, and the President tions governing the manner In which its bualn may be con- is authorized to transfer such property to such agencies. ducted and the powers vested in it may be exercised and enjoyed; (d) With respect to any land, or any Interest therein, acquired Shall be entitled to the free use of the United State. by, or transferred to, the Secretary for the purposes of this title. mails in the same as other executive agencies of the to make dedications or grants, In his disoretlon, for any public Government; purpose, and to grant licenses and easements upon such terms as Shall have such powers as may be necessery or appro- he deems reasonable. priate for the exercise of the power, vested in the Corporation - (e) To cooperate with Federal, State, Territorial, and other pub- (Including, but subject to the limitations of this Act, the power Uc agencies In developing plans for a program of land conservation to make contracts, and to purchase or lease, and to hold or dis- and land utilization, to conduct surveys and investigations relating pose of, such real and personal property as it des necery) to Conditions and factor. affecting, and the methods of accomplish- and all such incidental powers as are customary in corporations ing most effectively, the purposes of this title, and to .l1m1T..te generally.The Board shall define the authority and duties of Information concerning these activities. the officers and employ of the Corporation, delegate to them (f) To make such rules and regulations as he deems necery such of the powers vested in the Corporation as it may determine, to prevent trespasse, and otherwise regulate the use and occupancyand require bonds of such of them as it may designat, and Ax of property acquired by, or transferred to, the Secretary for thethe penalties and pay the premiums of such bonds, purposes of this title, in order to conserve and utilize it or advance Insofar as applicable, the benefits of the Act entitled the purposes of this title.Any violation of such rules and regula- 'An Act to provid, compensation for employee, of the United tions shall be punished as prescribed in section 5388 of the Revised States suffering injuries while In the performance of their duties, Statutes, as amended (U. 8. C., 1934 ed., title 18, eec. 104). and for other purposes', approved September 1, 1916, as amended, S "paysessies 'so cou'r shall extend to employees of the Corporation. "Sm. 33. As soon as practicable after the end of each calendar All money of the Corporation not otherwise employed year. the Secretary shall pay to the county in which any land ismay be deposited with the Treasurer of the United States or in held by the Secretary under this title, 25 per centum of the netany bank approved by the Secretary of the Treasury. subject to revenues received by the Secretary from the use of the land din'- withdrawal by the Corporation at any time, or with the approval ing such year.In case the land is situated in more than one of the Secretary of the Treasury may be invested In obligations county, the amount to be paid shall be divided equitably among of the United States.Subject to the approval of the Secretary the respective counties,Payments to counties under this section of the Treasury, thFederal Reserve banks are hereby authorized shall be made on the condition that they are used for schooi or and directed to act as depositories, custodians, and fiscal agents road purposes, or both. This section shall not be construed to for the Corporation in the performance of its power,. apply to amounts received from the sale of land. The Corporation, Inciuding its franchises, its capital, re- "sPPaOpv.salxou serves, and surplus and its income and property shall, except as otherwise provided in section 50 (a), be exempt from all taxation "Sec. 34. To carry out the provisions of this title, there is au-now or hereafter Imposed by the United States or any State, thorized to be appropriated not to exceed $10,000,000 for the fiscal Territory, District, dependency, or political subdivision. year ending June 30, 1938. and not exceed $20,000,000 for each of (j) The Corporation shall at all times maintain complete and the two fiscal years thereafter. accurate books of account and shall file annually with the Sec- "Th'x.z IVOxNsiAL PSovtsxoNs retary a complete report as to the business of the Corporation. 'T-"'ifO CORPO2AS'ZON "s.Daeuets'raATxvx powess or smaxray AND COSPOZATION "SecTioN 40. (a) There is hereby created as an agency, of and "Sm. 41. For the purpose. of this Act, the Secretary shall hav within the Department of Agriculture, a body corporate with the power to name 'Farmers' Home Corporation' (In this Act called the Corpo- "(a) Appoint (without regard to the civil-service laws and regis- ration).The principal office of the Corporation shall be located latione) and fix the compensation of such officers and employees in the District of Columbia, but there may be established agenciesas may be necessary. No person (except as to positions requiring or branch office, elsewhere in the United States under rules and technical training and experience for which no one ptng the regulations prescribed by the Board of Directors. requisite technical training and experience Is available within "(b) The Secretary shall have power to delegate to the Corpora- the area) shall be appointed or transferred under this Act to any tion such powers and duties conferred upon him under title I or position in an office in a State or Territory the operations of title II, or both, and such powers under title IV as reiate to the which are confined to such State or Territory or a portion thereof, exercise of the powers and duties so delegated, as he deems mayor in a regional office outside the District of Columbia the opera- be necessary to the efficient carrying out of the purposes of suchtions of which extend to more than one, or portions of more than titles and may be executed by the Corporation, and to transfer to one. State or Territory, unless such person has been an actual the Corporation such funds available for such purpoees as he deems and bona-fide resident of the State or Territory, or region, as the necessary.In connection with and in the exercise of such powerscase may be, in which such office Is located, for a period of not and duties so delegated, all provisions of this Act relating to the less than one year next preceding the appointment or transfer powers and duties of. and limitations upon, the Secretary shall to such position (disregarding periods of residence outside such apply to the Corporation in the same manner as to the Secretary, State or Territory, or region, as the case may be, while in the and the term 'Secretary' shall be construed to Include Corpo- Federal Government service).If the operations of the office are ration.' confined to a portion of a single State or Territory, the Secretary '(c) The Corporation shall have a nominal capital stock in an in making appointments or transfers to such office shall, except amount determined and subscribed for by the Secretary.Receipt, in the classes of case. exempted from the preceding sentence, for payments for or on account of such stock shall be issued by appoint or transfer only persons who are residents of such por- he Corporation to the Secretary and shall be evidence of the stock tion of the State or Territory: Provided, That hereafter, wherever ,wnership of the United States. practicable, all appointments of persons to the Federal aer'vice (ci) The management of the Corporation shall be vested In a or employment within the District of Columbia, under the pro-- board of directors (In this Act called the Board) subject to the visions of this Act, whether such appointments be within the general supervision of the Secretary.The Board shall consist of classified civil service or otherwise, shall be apportioned among three persons employed ln the Department of Agriculture who the several States and the District of Columbia upon the basis of shall be designated by the Secretary,Vacancies In the Board, so populatiàn as ascertained at the last preceding census. 1937 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE (b) Accept and utilize voluntary and uncompensated services, the case may be. may use and dispose at such land in such I and, with the consent of the agency concerned, utilize the officers, ncr. and subject to such terms and conditions, as the Pree employees, equipment, and Information of any agency of the Fed- determines will beet carry out the objectives of this Act, eral Covernment, or of any State, Territory, or political sub- division. "TL&NSACTXONS wn'a cOIPoaarxoIs "(c) Within the limits of appropriations made therefor. make "SEC. 46. Nothing In this Act shall be construed to authorize the necessary expenditures for personal services and rent at the seatmaking of any loan, or the sale or other disposition of real prop- of government and elsewhere; contract stenographic reportingerty or any Interest therein, to any private Corporation, for farm- services; purchase and exchange of supplies and equipment, law ing purposes, books, books of reference. dlrectorieperiodicals, newspapers, and "suavzvs Arm ma.cn press clippings: travel and subsistence expenses, including the ex- "Sm. 47. The Secretary is authorized to conduct ve,., In- pense of attendance at meetings and conferences; purchase, oper-tigations. and research relating to the conditions and fsctoes atiOn. and maintenance, at the seat of government and elsewhere. affecting, and the methods of accompIthng most effectively, the of motor-propelled passenger-carrying and other vehicler printing purposes of this Act, and may publish and diemmlnate Informa- and binding; and for such other facilities and services as hetion pertinent to the various aspects of his activitIes. may from time to time find necessary for the proper administra- VATAT V PaTvs tion of this Act. Make contracts for services and purchases of supplies "Sue. 48. The Secretary may provide for the payment at any without regard to the provisions of section 3709 of the Revised obligation or Indebtedness to him under this Act under a syutam Statutes (U. S. C.. 1934 ed., title 41, sec. 5) when the aggregateof variable payments under which a surplus above the required amount involved is lees than $300. payment will be collected In periods of above-normal production Make payments prior to audit and settlement by theor prices and employed to reduce payments below the required General Accounting Office. payment In periods of subnormal production or prices. "(f) Acquire land and interests therein without regard to sec- tion 355 of the Revised Statutes, as amended. This subsection "Sm. 49. No set-off shall be made sgalnst any payment to be shall not apply with respect to the acquisition of land or Interestsmade by the Secretary to any person under the provisions of this In land under title W. Act, by reason of any lnd.btlIi of suck person to the United -"(g) Compromise claims and obligations arising under, an. States, and no debt due to the Secretary under the provisions of I adjust and modify the terms of mortgages, leases, Contracts, andthis Act shall be set off against any payments owing by the / agreements entered Into pursuant to, this Act, as circumstancesUnited States, unless the Secretary shall find that suck set-off f may require. will not adversely affect the objectives of this Act. "(h) Collect all claims and obligations arising Under this Act, or "TAXATION tunder any mortgage, lease, contract, or agreement entered Into pur- "Sm. 50. (a) All property which is being utIlized to out 'auant to this Act, and. If In his judgment necewery and advisable.the purposes of title I or title £1 of this Act (other than property to pursue the same to final collection In any court having jurisdic- used solely for administrative purposes)shall, notwithstanding tion: Provided, That the prosecution and defense of all Utigattonthat legal titl5 to such property remains In the Secretary or the under this Act shall be conducted under the supervision of the Corporation, be subject to taxation by the Stat, Territory, Dis- Attorney Generat, and the legal representation shall be by the trict, dependency, and political subdivision concerned. In the United States Attorneys for the dig'icte, respectively, in which such same in.r and to the same extent as other"1tr property litigation may arise, or by such other attorney or attorneys as may. Is taxed. under the law, be designated by the Attorney GeneraL "(b) All property to which subsection (a) of thusection is in- "(I) Make such rules and regujatlona as be deems necessary toapplicable which Is held by the Secretary or the Corporation pur- carry out this Act. suant to this Act shall be exempt from all taxation now or "ULZ coes after imposed by the tJbited States or any State, Territory "Sm. 42. (a) The Secretary Is authortsed and directed to appoInt trict, dependency, or political subdivision, but nothing In each county In which activities are carried on under title I a subsection shall be construed as affecting the authority or county' committee composed of three farmers r."'dlng In the comty. of the Secretary under any other law to make pamenta in Rech member of the committee shall be allowed compensa- spect of any such property in lieu of taxes. tion at the rate of $3 per day while engaged In the performance of duties under thIs Act but such compensation shall not be allowed "am sz Poxectosvaa with respect to more than five days In a month. In addition, they "Sm. 51. The Secretary is authorized and empowered to bid for shall be allowed such amounts as the Secretary may prescribe for and purchase at any foreclosure or other sale, or otherwise to necessary traveling and subsIstence expenses. acquire property pledged or mortgaged to secure any loan or The committee shall meet on the call of the county agent In other Indebtednem owing under this Act; to accept title to any the county, or on the call of such other person as the Secretary may property so purchased or acquired: to operate or lease such prop- designate.Two members of the committee shall constitute aerty for such period as may be deemed nec7 or advisable to quorum. The Secretary shall prescribe rules governing the proced-protect the Investment therein: and to sell or otherwise dispose of ure of the committees, furnish forms and equipment necessary for such property so purchased or acquired upon such terms and for the performance of their duties, and authorize and provide for the such considerations as the Secretary shall determine to be rea- compensation of such clerical assistants as he deems may besonable, but subject to the reservation of the rights provided for required by any committee. in section 44. "(a) Committees established under this Act shall. In addition to "TmsALTms the duties specIcally Imposed under this Act, perform such other "Sm. 52.(a)Whoever makes any material Eeprtatlon. duties under this Act as the Secretary may require of them. knowing it to be false, for the purpos. of Influencing In any way "amrrrLzsrnrr paorscra the action of the Corporation upon any application. advance, dis- "Sw. 43, The Secretary is authorized to continue to perform suchcount. purchase, or repurchase agreement, contract of sale, lease, of the functions vested In him pursuant to ecutive Order Num- or loan, or any change or extension of any of the same by re- bered 7530 of December 31. 1936, as amended by ecutive Order newul, deferment of action or otherwise, or the acceptance, re- Numbered 7557 of February 19. 1937. and pursuant to PubUc Actlease, or substItution of security therefor, shall be punished by a Numbered 845. approved June 29. 1936 (49 Stat. 2035), as eh*ll be fine of not more than $5,000 or by Imprisonment for not more necessary only for the completion and administration of those reset- than two years, or both. tlement projects, rural rehabilitation projects for resettlement pur- "(b) Whoever, being connected In any capacity with the Corpo- poses, and land development and land utilixation projects, for which ration. (1) embemles. abstracts, pubis, or willfully misapplies funds have been allotted by the President, and the balancee 0!any moneys, funds, securities, or other things of value, whether funds available to the Secretary for said purpose. which are unex- belonging to the Corporation or pledged or otherwIse entrusted pended on June 30, 1937, are authorized to be appropriated to carry to it; or (2) with Intent to defraud the Corporation, or any other out said purposes: Provided. That any land held by the Unitedbody politic or corporate, or any Individual. 0? tO deceive, any States under the supervision of the Secretary pursuant to said officer, auditor, or ew.Itner of the Corporation, makes any false Executive orders may where suitable be utilized for the purposes of entry In any book, report, or statement of. or to. tha Corporation title I of thIs act, and the Secretary may sell said land and makeor draws any order, or Issues, puts forth, or igsis any note or loans for the necessary Improvement thereof to such Individuals andother obligation or draft, mortgage, judgment, or deems thereof: upon such terms as shall be In accordance with the provisions of or (3) with Intent to defraud the Corporation, participates 'r said title. shares In or receives directly or Indirectly any money. profit. "GZNESAL P1OVISIONS APPLICASLE TO BALI property, or benefits through any transaction, loan, commission contract, or any other act of the Corporation, shall be punished "Stc. 44. The sale or other disposition of any real property ac- by a fine of not more than $10,000 or by 1mpr'""nt for not quLred by the Secretary pursuant to the provisions of this Act. more than five years, or both. or any Interest therein, shall be subject to the reservation by the (c) Whoever willfully shall conceal, remove, dispose Secretary on behalf of the United States of not less than an un- convert to his own use or to that of another, any property divided three-fourths of the Interest of the United States In all gaged or pledged to, or held by. the Corporation, as coal. oil, gas, and other minerals In or under such property. any obligation, shall be punished by a fine of not more "'rs.asuiu 01' AVAmAILE LANDS $5000 or by Imprisonment for not more than two years. or "SEC. 45. The President may at any time In his discretion trans.. "(d) The provisions of sections 112. 113. 114, 115. 116. and 117 of fer to the Secretary or the Corporation any right. Interest, or title the Criminal Code of the United States (U. S. C., title 18, seca. held by the United States, and under the supervision of the 202-207. inclusive), Insofar as applicable, are extended to apply to Secretary, in any land which the President shall find suitable for contracts or agreements of the Corporation, which for the purposes the purposes of this Act, and the Secretary or the Corporation, u hereof shall be held to Include advances, loans, discounts, purchase a 7162 CONGRESSIONALE CORD-SENATE JULy 15 cod repurchase agreements, contracts of sale, and leases; exten- nsent that the joint resolution may be considered at sions and renewals thereof: anti acceptances, releases, and substi- e. 'ltlOns of security therefor. (e) Whoever conspires with another to accomplish any of the PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection? ta made unlawful by the preceding provisions of this section crc being no objection, the joint resolution (S. J all, on conviction thereof, be subject to the same fine or Im- 171relating to the employment of personnel and e prisonment. or both, as Is applicable in the case of conviction for ur de by the Charles CarroU of Carroilton Bic -. tenary doing such unlawful act. on was considered, ordered to be engro --' fo!.a AND C0MM5SXONS PHO1TED "Src. 53. No Federal officer, attorney, or employee shall, directly ading, read the third time, and passed, as'ilows: - or indirectly, be the beneficiary of or receive any fee commission, Resold, etc., That for the purpcae of carrytng o its functions - gift, or other consideration for or In connection with any transac- tier th3otnt resolution of June 15, 1936, the lea Carroll ot. tion or businese under this Act otb& than such salary, fee, or arroiltoBlcentenary Commission, or the cbs acting for the- - other compensation as he may receive as such officer, attorney, or =155! Is authorised to flx the coinpensa of such officers employee. No member of a county committee established Under .d emplo as may be necessary without d to the provt- sectIon 42 shall knowingly make or join in making any certification -ions of ot. rlaws applicable to te eulplo nt and compensa- prohibited by section 2 (c).Any person violating any provision ion of offi and employees of the Uni State.. and to deter- of this section shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a mine its n expenditures and th cc In which they fine of not more than $1,000 or Imprisoned for not more than one -. beth ed, allowed, and paid, WIout regard to the provi- year. or both. - ons of any 0er laws governing the ndlture of public funds: "rreNSl0N OF veRii'rORIm be It fuxth "Sxc. 54. The provisions of this Act shall extend to the Terri- Resolved, Th the Commission authorized to borrow the tories of Alaska and Hawaii and to Puerto Rico.In the case of -rvtces of empl from other C verument agencies. Alaska and Puerto Rico the term "county" as used in this Act ONS OP WAR DEPARTMT- shall be deemed synonymous with the Territory, or any subdivision APPROPRIATION R CIVIL thereof as may be designated by the secretary, and payments co CE REPORT Under section 33 of this Act hali be made to the Governor of the Mr. COP 34 Mr. dent, I desire to ask unanirns Territory or to the decal agent of such subdivision. .nsent for the' consideration of the conference eport on the bill appropriations for certain non- "SEc. 55. If any provision of this Act, or the appUcatlon thereof tary activities e War Department. May I do that to any person or circumstances, is held Invalid, the remainder of the Act, and the application of such provisions to other persons or .0w? Im.aysay there is no disagreement between the circumstances, shall not be affected thereby." rouse and the as to any provision except one, and That the House recede from Its disagreement to the amendment has to do eadment no. 15.That amendment to the title of the bill. retired officers of the Regular Army 5. H. ANKRZAD, elates to the of ft 5. P. P0PL assigned to aye dutyt the united States Soldiers' Home. LyNN J. Fesmss, 'cclii.-'.was sub ted to the House, and the House Managers on the part 0/ 1 he Senate. disagreed'this amen t.I have talked with the chair- MARvIN JONIS, who says there Is no use what- WALL Doxrr, 'of - House commit Cz.yoaD R. Hops, ever '.making any f attempt to obtain favorable Managers on the part 0/ the House. actioy" on that side.I that Is true, because, as a mat,i'er of fact, It wasaontroversial question in the The PRES]DENT pro tempore.Is there objection to thecom.tttee. ;onsideration of the conference report? Mr. KflG. Mr. President, the Senator yield? Mr. McNARY. Mr. President, it was ratherunderstood Mr. COPFLAND. I yield. that general legislation would not be considered today.I Mr. KING. Is It pertinent the proposed legislation to have no objection to proceeding to the considerationof thehave included in it a provisionr the salaries or increase conference report if it will not lead to debate. of compensation of the officers re rredto?Is that germane Mr. BANKH.EAD.I will say to the Senator that 11 itto the main purposes of the bill? leads to debate, I will promptly withdraw it. Mr. COPELAND. Yes; because bill makes appropria- Mr. McNARY. I reserve the right to object later if ittions for certain civil functions." tered by the War should lead to debate. Department, and among such funot 'ns isthe operation of Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, if the Senator from A-la- the United States Soldiers' Home. It. ems thatfive retired bama will yield to me, I should like to make a generalofficers of the Army are on duty tre.They get their statement. retired pay. They have quartersand bslstence.But at the same time personally I feel, and I It Is the feeling Mr. BANKHEAD. I yield. bat these men are Mr. BARKLEY.It was my understanding and the feelingof all members of the Senate committee, of us all that there would be no legislative business trans- on active duty, performing activeservic-and ought to be acted today or tomorrow or at any time until after thepaid accordingly. Of course, theyhave c emoluments - imps, in some funeral of our late beloved colleague.The Senator fromand certain privileges which theyget, Alabama has illness in his family and desires to go home.-degree, because of this service. Thematter "- discussed at With the understanding that the conference report willlead some length in the conferencecommittee. re was dis- to no discussion, and that there will be no objection to itsagreement there. When the matter wenttoe House, the consideration, I shall not object; but I should like to haveHouse Members, with only threeexceptions, v' -' against it. Mr. WALSH. Mr. President, aparliamentaInquiry. it understood that my statement applies to any matter state It. which may be brought before the Senate. The PRESmFr pro tempore.The Senator'- So I think Mr. WALSH. The regularorder of businessow before Mr. McNARY. I made such a reservation. of petitions and - mortals. we might go forward. the Senate Is the presentation e. May' The question Is on agree-Many of us have bills to introduceand reports to" The PRESDDENT pro tempore. until morning b - shall ing to the conference report. I suggest that the Senator wait The report was agreed to. have been disposed of? I shall - -Mr. COPELAND.I shall be very glad to dothat. wait and take up the matter againafter morning ens Mr. TYDINGS/ Mr. President. It is with great reluctance shall have been concluded. that I ask unapimous consent for the present consideration COMMZRCIAL AIRPORT FOR TKE DInTRIC'r OPCOLVMRIA of Calendar No. 908. being Senate Joint Resolution 171.deal- before the Sena Charles Carroll of Carroilton Bicentenary The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid ing with t letter from the chairman of the Districtof Columbia rt Commls5io. The joint resolution does not propose new leg- senior Senator fr' ,, islation. rkn appropriation has been made and a commission Coronhisaton (Hon. WILLIAM H. KING, utah), submitting, pursuant to law, thereport of the Coo. has been created, but, due to the fact that someportraits commercial airports have Zo come from Italy to Baltimore for exhibition there, mission concerning potential sites for and the establishment of a commercialairport for the DIs and.As the time limit is very short, the Commission is held lie on the table. uwln the most important part of its work. I asklrnanirnoU,S trict of Columbia, which was ordered to LECISI.ATIVE RISTORY PUBLIC lAW 210-75th Congress Chapter 517-1st Session uR. 7562 TABLE CF C('F'TErrs Digest of Public Law 210 1 Index and Sunnnary of History on H. R. 7562 4 Hstory of Landti1izatiôn Provisions in the Fare Tenancy Bill, H. Ft. 7562 ' 5 ICEST OF FBIIC LAW 210 BAflCEEAD-JOFES FAR!! TENA!r ACT. TITLE I - FAR" TE?JM'T PR('VISIC'NS Section 1 authorizes the Secretary of Agrcu1ture to makeloans to farm tenants, farm laboreres, sharecroppers, etc., inthe United States,- Alaska, T1awaii, and Puerto Rico, for the acquisition of farms, eachof sufficient size for a family to carry on successful farming. Section 2 directe the County Coiittees established under section 42 of this Act to examine applications for loans and certify to the Secre- tary facts conserning the aicants ard the farms with respect to which applications are made, and prohibits any member of the CommIttees from being interested in the farms financially. Section 3 provides the following terms of loans: must be secured by first mortgage or deed of trust on the farm; interest rate, 3 percent; amortization schedules and form of instruments to be prescribed by the Secretary; payment of taxes and insurance to be made by borrower.Also provIdes that if the borrower disposes of the property without consent of the Secretary or if he fails to comply with the terms of the loan, the unpaid balance shall be immediately due and payable; prohibits acceptance of final payment or release of the Secretary's interest in the farm less than five years after the making of the loan; and provides that section 75 of the bankruptcy act shall rot apply to indebtedness incurred under this title until 15 percent of the loan has been repaid. Section 4 provides that loans shall be distributed equitably among the States and Territories on the basis of farm population and the pre- valence of tenancy. Section 5 requires the Secretary to assist borrowers under this Act to becore established on lands now in cultivation, so far as is practic- able, in order to avoid expansion of production. Section 6 authorizes appropriations of $10,000,000 for the fiscal year 1938, 25,000,000 for the fiscal year 1939, and $50,000,000 foreach fIscal year thereafter, to carry out the provisions of this title,and limits administrative expenses to 5 percent of the sums appropriated. TITLE II - RETABILiTATION LOANS Section 21 authorizes the Secretary to make loans to farmers who cannot otherwise obtain credit, for periods of 5 years or less, renewable, for purchase of livestock, farm equipment, supplies, etc., and for refinan- cing indebtedness ard for farnily subsistence, such loans to be secured by chattel mortgages, liens on crops, and assignments of proceeds from sale of agricultural products. 1 Section 22 autForize5 the Secretary to as5ist in the voluntary adjust- sent of indebtednes! between farm debtor! and their creditors, without charge to either party, ard also authorizes him to continue to carry out undertaking! with respect to farm debt adjustment uncompleted when; appropriations for t!is section becoie available. Section 23 authorize! the appropriation, for the fiscal year1938,of the balances of funds available to the Re!ettleert Administration for loans and relief to farirers, tmexperded on June O,1937,and authorize. the president to allot fr relief and work relief fnnds additional!I5 for rehabilitatior loans. TITlE III - F.ErIE"TT 'F SUB!ARGI!LL LMD Sectiofl3].directs the Secretary to develop a prograni of land con- servation ar utilization, including retirement of subvarg1nal lands. Section 32 authorizes the Secretary to acquire, protect, improve, develop, and adninister subirargirtal land; to di!pose of any property so acquired for public purposes, and authorizes the President to transfer such lands to other gverrmental ager.cies; to cooperate with other public agencies in developing plans for a progran of land conservation and utilization; to conduct surveys ard Investigations relative to retirement of sub- marginal land; ard to di!seir.ate infori'atio concerr.1ig these activities. Section3provides that the Secretary shall pay 25 percent of the revenues received from land acquired under this title to the county or covrties in which the )and is situated, for school and road purposes. Section34authorizes an apprc'priation of elO,000,000 for the fiscal year1938and $20,000,000 for each of the fiscal years1939and1940, to carry out te provisions of this title. TITLE IV - GENERALPROVISIONS Sections40and 4.]. create the Farmerst Home Corporation as an agency of the Department of Agricultnre, to which the Secretary may delegate powers corferred upon him by tis Act, the capital stock of which shall be sub.- scribed by tPe Secretary. Place the management of the Corporation in a board of directors, composed of three employees of the Department of Agriculture designated by the Secretary, who niay select, subject to the Secretary's approval, an administrator to be the executive officer of the Corporation with !uch power as the Board niay confer upon his. Section 42 direets the Secretary to appoint in each county in which ac- tivities are to be carried on wider Title I a coutty committee ccni- posed of three farmers residing in the county, at a salary of$3per day wten actually employed, to perform duties imposed by this Act and such other dutle5 as the Secretary- may require of thee. 2 Section 43 authorizeg the cxpletion andadninistration of regettleinent proiect, rural rehabilitation projects, and land development and ld utilization projects, for which fundshave been allocated to the Reset- tleent Administration by the Presidert, and authorizeethe appropria- tion of balances of ftmds unexpended onJune 30, l937, for these p1rposes. Section 44 provides tFat tFe disposition of any land acquiredpmuant to this Act shall be subject to the reservation on behalf ofthe t'nited' States of at least tFree-fourths of the interest of the United States In tFe minerals in or under such land. Section 45 authori.zeg the President to trarfer any public landssuitable for the ptirposes of tl'-is Act to tFe Corporation for such use anddisposal as will beet carry out the objectivesof this Act. Section 46 prohibits t)e raking of a loan or the sale of land to any private corporation for farting purposes. Section 47 authorizes the Secretary to conducturveys, investigations, and regearch relating to the purposes of thisAct, and authorizes dis- seininati on of nforat on pertinent to tPe van oug aspects of his actiri- ties. Section 48 authorizes the Secretary to provide a system of variable payments on any loans made 'under this Act, so as to relieve emergencies In borrowers' finances. Section 49 provides tFat no set-off shall be made against any payment to be made by the Secretary-, arid no debt due the Secretary shall be set off against any paymentsing by the United States, unless such set-off will not hinder the objectives of this Act. Section50provIdes tl'at all property which is being utilized to carry out title I or U sFall be subject to taxatior, otFer than property used for administrative purposes, but all other property held by the United States pursuant to this Act shall be tax-free. Secton51autForizes the Secretary to bid in at foreclosurea or other sale any real or personal property wtiich secures any loan trade under this Act, and to operate, lease, or sell such property. Section52providea penaltiea for certain acts, including false repre- sentation, eirtbezzlenient, fraud arid theft. Section53prohibits any Federal employee from taking fees or con!issions in conrection with any transaction of business under this Act. Section 54 exterds t!provisions of th&s Act to Alaska, Tawa3i, and Puerto Rico. p 3 ITTEX M'D SrV!'ARY O! HISTORY ON H. EL 7562 March 5, 1935 Pear1ng Senate, 3. 1800 - 74th Congrees. JanuarY 6, 1937 3. 106 was introduced by Senator Bankhead and wa referred to the Senate Comuittee on Lgricniture :a Forestry.Print of the bill as introduced.(Cc- panion bill). January 27, 1937 HearingsiHouse, H. P. 8. February 16, 1937 Fouse Docun'ent 149.Report of the Special coot- mittee on Farm Tenancy. June 15, 1937 Senate Coririttee reported 5. 106 with amendments. Senate Report 7132.Print of the bill as reported. Amenduents proposed by Senator O'Vahoney to S. 106. Prints of the aindiients. June 17, 1937 H. R. 7562 waintroduced by Rep. Jones and was referred to the house Ccjttee on kgric1flture. Prirt of the bill as introduced. June 1, 1937 House Coumittee reported FR. 7562 without annd- ment.House Report 1065.Print of the bill as reported. June 24, 19137 Pouse Rules 6oininittee reported H. Re261 for th consideration of H. R. 7562.House Report 1088. (No copy of the report).Print of the resolution as reported. Juie 28, 1937 House debated and agreed to H. Ftes. 261.PrInt of H. Res. 261 as agreed to. June 29, 1937 Pouse debated and passed H. R. 7562 with amerent. J'1y 1, 1937 Senate debated S. 106. July 2, 1937 Senate debated and rssed S. 106 wIth amendinent &etion on S. ]06 indefinitely postponed in lieu of F. R. 7562. Senate Conferees appointed. July 6, 1937 House Conferees appointed. July 9, 1937 Print of F. R. 7562 with the amerdu!ents of the Senate. July 12, 1937 Conference Report s,bi,ittid.Fouse Rept. 1198. July 13, 1937 - House agreed to the Conference Report. July 15, 1937 Senate agreed to the Conference Report. July 22, 1937 Approved.Public Law 210. APPENDIX I LD3x4.TrT I3'rORT 07 L1J U?1142&V.OI PTZ3Z5 7AB ?AJCT $ILL Pub. 210 7Mb uiT.S (L is7Bsa) b7 A1bs!B.3pStOY off... of tbs a.11.ttor tp.r*t of AptS*l$'S LJTLX$JC1OI! lOT! Th. ilrs Sssrity Mt of 1937 1. kno a. Publis*0.210 - 75th Co.gr*$s, $ppiOYM J1Y 1937. . 4ortrn fro. $at. bill Vi. lOd, i*tr.a.4by5at01 isakko.& as loss. .f aspr..ost.ttv. bill Ii. 7M3,iatrstse.4 by'. Jo.... lb. MS is so.pos.L of fo.r titus. lb. first r.l&t.sto loan, to snabI. p.r*s to asqirsf.r... tb._4, Si btlitatiOfl 1.1.5.& to Sb. ,oltar7 ad$asntof ts&.bt.s.s bst,sss f*r dabtori ant thur or.titors. lb. tbirtitt. slat.. Si Sb. rstirsnsni of .s*smrginsllast. . fo.ztbtiti..o.t.tns sn.r.1 provisioss .p1lsabl z ansors* viib tb.irtoy., to litiss I,II ant 111. This ar is soaf last to a 1.ts1ati.bisSOi'7 of liii. III. ant of auøb ..stloa. ofThis IT, Sb. gssiTal pra'tsiOss. a. p.rt*in to Sb. progras..t forthin ?hil. III. pp4M as kLDLi A La a list of r.f.rsniis byssnb.r of Csngr.ss to Sb. lan& Ltiitsatho. pr.ra.Thur. is fsrthsr appdS&as Zzbibit) Sb. fhial voti is Sb. Sass. o.S. S. 7543.There as well sill is Sb. So.*t.. S pAir z LmXSLAnYL FTY 07 ?ITLX !U Title Ifl of tha ?.rs a*asfliy Alt of L prol4es as foliavsz s. 31 ri etaiy is astheitsed sod d irested I. d.v.lop a prosris of tssmiser$los sod 1.attU- siss, Las1odithe rstimrit t sods .vM I1- ginal or set 75'lsertlr ttsbl.for es*1ttOs, is dor thorshy to est .'-43ssats In 1 . assist 1* sostrolilsi sot] erestas, rodsz'ustslics, PrS aorvini na$l resoarees, aitliatIsj floods,rsesstta lspsizseat of sod rsssrvotrs, s.a..re'i ft.s - sabaurfas.istor., wst.st lag the vstuu'sbsda of aavtsble sirsuss, sod pi'otssttothe p1la laMe, bsalth, usflty, sodvelfars. uv TMor LaM Preris sss. 3*. Toffestual. the 'oitdsI toe' is ..stio. 31, the 3isretsry Lu a*thortls*. To asqufr. by porshels,i1t, or d.vIaS, or by trasat.r fr'os say .1 the UsitadsIss as'us say Stato, rtIasy, as' poUt las] tv1sioa, arg1asl land sod laM set prlasetly sotisbis for sulitiatisa, sod inias'ssta is sod sØloas.. i pa.porty isv basquired Jsst to say vs.sr,stisse, oaIitsM1is- tates, Interest., .sssta, or ether em.ss *ik tb. ieerstaTy dltsinss vi 11 ass latorfess vith the aSh. last LosStsa.h pspsrty for the psrpssss of this title. To protest, lo,., de,s1, sod sMinielir say propsrty ts ssquirel aM tasastrast s*sk strustoriS Shares. as say be aesssaary to Ms$ it to its sastbeast tetsi . Cs) Tb sell, baa5s, is..., or .Ihu'ui.s dtapo.s SC, with oe' without a .ossLIsvstIsn, say popPt7 OS ssqati'M. uodor st*h Sm.. sodasodit lossas hed.mviiibest aes- push the purposes of *1. till., bat say isle, saibsals, or punt shall bs sods osly to public aMitIsS sodagiseiss sod 3517 as sooditioza that the prepsrty I. seed toe' pubis piwpos...The 3.srstsry any reSis' to the Presideot othsz' TsdsrsI, :t.t., or T.rritorisi sgml.. to t*iatae' such property, tog.th.r with the mdiIIlSa of515aM od- mInistration wiiøh wiU best s.rvs the purps.ss of a laM- saseorvst too sod laMu'atllisatis. prosa, sodthe Pi4aM a a anthorilid totrsnitsr susk popsrty to sts i. ith rospeat to any land, or5*7int$ thezb, siqutrsd by,orti stirred to the maretsn tar lb. - posse of this tilt., to a dedications snto, in kin dtsor.tiOn. for 1in parpo.., end to Irmat 11$...... and asasmonts non snob terms an hedais. rseaonsbl*. To cooperate etik Ysdsral, 31st.,Tirrit.Tial, end oth.? p.blie s.esi.s in d.vslpIa$plama forI Of land aonssry,tio* and land utilimalisa,to soMtst Wi?S sad iavsettiitiOnS r.latiI$ 1. .smditinS$sat faslirs Of- toot tn*, end the asthads ofensisplishinl mast .tfb.tiisb, the porpoise of this tills, and to4i.sisttetafflis oogmarntng these sstivi*isa. q,(f) oaks soak zlss end rsjtlatios$ maheds samary to pi4 trespasseseM otbeiwies nelsti the us. and aesapenay of propertyaiquir.* hi, or Irma.- tirret to, It. 3srstsry for the pms'p.sssof thin title, incr'inr to eoua end tIthes it as' adws*es lbs - poses .f this titl. Anyviolation OfS12I rules .M rsulatiO*s shall be paiked aspresiribli in sullen 1134 53 of the R.vtsedlatutes, ma isis4id (U.3.C., ed., tills 18, . 104). psy..ata to Count tea q350. 3. s soon se presti.bleaflor the satOf seE esisader year, theeorstsiy sbmhl pay Is the.oisly in .hieb say land Li held bylb. 3es'tISIy irthin title, r.seiiSI by lb. derstoe7 Z per e.*toa of lb. set rese. froe thu uss of 1k. 1aM dorth esh pear. Is sees the the tto he land situatedLa mars than ty, paid shall b. divided .q'aitsbly is.t theVespSS$IVS isunt is.. r.yaasts to seuntios sr Ibis ..sliis shell be mad. on the cotidit ion that lh mrs osud for s1 op road porpose., or both.'ftia isslian shell set be ass- .trusd to apply to omats rassi fron lbs sale of lend. AppropriAtion 34. Tb marry oat thepoviiSSIof thin title, there Is authri2ed to bsappopt*td t to i*.ist $10,000,000 for the fisoal year eMinJune 30, 18, sad set to enesed 2O,0OO,000 formask of the Iso1'huhySSaa thereafter. bills lbs .f LU Tills St siplanstios fGtlestn( lb. SontainsI 751* R. an!. Apisuhturu an C1tt.. Sous t2O Of rport The verde,. Is bslo. dtasusad be .111 ft... uitM. ass oss sal r.j.et.d ou Wo sttuptsi. v a$r-ats tbz'ss only 711'Shst, busy. usIsI be will whish apeskore by .zpl.*atiss. s,bs..vea, us Thors III. Till. in tav1,.4 petal ontruvorsial any Os dskals as ves there Eoia.s, the In pr*rsa. tt111sattss laM lbs at Isast. the in dlsmaiss no - they. C miait In loaM soul that at .m.$1.. th Silk prou. ass 1*M fur. provl.lou say lontais aol 614 101, 2. blU, Ssasle lbs that resahhsi be will It Prs.ldest. She by sp.ve1 Of ha ibe to ?SU 1. H. is istrodusties of ha, lb. IU fill. of 1s'.i' Ibi ii -s w wbatoov.r sksas So $5.) 31*1. 3 6, I 431, c. 1130, 25, Jhes l0; 31*1. 3$ OQ, I 321, . 1101, 4, liar. iN; 31*1. 23 340, 1,s. 4, Jsss 3$01 I 3. (L both. or year, ass IM& aru set irt.e.s4 or $200, Ibsa asro ast last f be sh13 Stats., Iit.4 lb. .t soaa.at the without shalt.. lb. by iaslibla v.ia shell s tho whils or aorurw'sss, the by tiast Ii h).4 be shell seas lbs t title the skil. aUma$ IMiss say or 31*1.., Uflited the of si&$bsrlty the sr teal Zal of tribe say by osssoi.4 or to 1sØa be- a or aesu'vstios, Ia4t.a isy upos or 5a, p.blia s for Slats. tMtM the by poz'sks..d or reserved bess MS 1, f pi.isie is whisk, States, Units4 the of laM es boIa or tesdIng, paeiij, true, sky dsslroys4, es lnJes's* sstes1y he to p101rs or distioy, or isJ*zs 17 Wastes. eMil or 0111151, I-efi11y In $IA or o*t, IutuUy = U hissr sUslaust.. trust or 3ss !Mt* oa S; s01M.) 50, s.eti c., (Or4-*.l 106 's.. 0. 3. 7. 18, b?113a fulloes sp.srau (f), 32 5s. LI 0f*r by ia.ororst 3ae, 3... 3tstut.s, R.v1..4 4 'Isttrst of rgiflal LM '?itl. III telstim to ts 1.ttTLt of a.srits*l 1sM.3.0$ tot 3sutkortzsi mM d treats t3.er.ts?7 to 4itLop $ pro of laM sosssi'vtttis iM laM ñU- tittiot, ta.idiag t. L'ttiZ5t of leadsibid are lab- otrgiasl or ist prtasrily .tltabla trsulttva$1* is orOir to o.rra.t J.&djusIas$IS 1* land , sa.tst is .ostzalltasell srosios, r.forssta$ tat. pr. s.r1t14 R*$41L1 rsauosa, sitistlflos4i, prevestiti asist of 4 aM rs.mrvatrs, ..stelltn( 'fiss aM eibtsCm isistor., protist IM tbS VSPebMe of twil* .trsa, and prab..ttatbs pubits lands, h.slt, stttty, aM is Umr.. gsrs ofeq?sti?7 under L!aLI Pr '4s$tou 32 *I&tbOTL$SS tk* lieretary,1* oMIT to 501117 05$ tbe ploitatpvovtdnd for in east tat $1, Is q.l*. cvIXh$3*$l ls cM laM settesr'ily .atkbl* fOr litisItis, and t*$.zs.ta in andtioas usab land. a. isy seç4rs it by picbsa., or devise, or by tr for trot may aseey of t itad Stets., or flos s ttt., r$rrttoz7, or poUttcelsb6trts1st.a. ioM 1mM fOr the porpiss. r 3Sis'S$StY isya.-,. swk land wbs1 to zy ra.ITVtiC5,ont.t&Mi astatos, t*tITSSI.. isaiss*ts, Ot ot 1isb11*SOS tf he dStlI'RISSS tks $aj cii] nt tht.rfIrIetth ths t1lta.tl'$ of lbs latoe tbs porpois. of this titis. Tb. 3asre$aV7 asy .511, .zohage,lie.., or .tbsuisS iapo.s of say lsd, with or ctthott asot.tdiVsliis. cM.r otab t.s and sondtt toss mab t1 Will but M7 o&t tbs porposu of this tills. isle, .*ibS, SI'$M of a*y .iash land 7 be aMsably to publis atIheVittoS, and this only osotz*tt ton that it ii sasS to?p*1tS psr passe.The President,poi rasWa$ tot at lbs.SIStis7. ta suthorised to trv.ter amyeach land to 5$bsr PInl, 3tsts, or frritortsl sga*tSS toMalaists?. S S 5 8w5t.ry Isitbsitisto prstos$, 1svs, .wslop, aM Mnisistsa land IkIa titl sad Ii soutrust niash atrst*sa t*.rs.a iny be ass .ury to Mapt tb. landtoIts t bsssftiial , and s y.ks dadloattona sad puts vita i.sp.Is any s&.h laud, or iatsrst tb's1a, f t1m peso, and nay rsui lislissa endu,.rt. up1s is*b tsiu ashe. rssaousbls. s sssrstsry Is antksrtzsd to esspsr.t. sub 3W. .rsl, 3tst., Territorial, sat cUar p*iIa asontss is dS,lSPid a land sissorvettu sad astUattisa ps's- to sssdui$ srvays mM In,sstt.t toss r.l.tta to siiditlasa and fasta5 affes$Iug and the tkndm .r asepUsbta ss.t sftsstivsiy the po.s if *ia 11th, aM to d 1u1.iS tafuttss 1sssr5I ss .st1vtt us. "The Jaorstary ssy k. .'ash ribs sM rsguhatisss so he 4.1.1 asUssiary is pmsat trsspsasss ensad otbt.. rsti3st the 'ass and .ssaas7 if psopsrty s.qutx'M byMa tr theirpo.ss at thIs title. T1e LaS los of .ab nh. sM reivistios. isft ibis Isr a fiss .fnat nan Ibis $00 mM by 1otaoa- sos, tr nS nave ibsa 12 a$b.. Ps.snts1 Oiuitt5 Bssi lea 33dtrssts lb. .srstar7, a. asiaa.ps'amtIssbhs shiv the end of essk. MinMer year, to pay tothe siuty In ibiab .land Is h14 by theSssntsryudss ibi. title, 20 persist if the nst 4ra.os nselvM by the 3iu's$aiy fro. ibs 'ass of lbs laud 4aia sub yosi'. sh j.sati ax's Ii be mMe Os sondittea that tbsy srinand hr sssl r rest'arpog.., .1' beta. ippriyiiatto s.$ lea 34u$boriass as spps'.priattoa of $10,000,000 tsr lbs flsss.1 y.ar l5, sad $10,000,000 fIrsub .f lbs * fissal yesra tbmre.fls?, for lb. ppsu.sf asvryin sat lbs privtsioof Ibi. $itis.(puss? sad Ssi aport . 1366). $ It will be 1e)Sa13.ed that bstor 1!. a. ?5U warn thtrodurnM su& ooas$er.4, aaoth.r tu tsasnsy biLl, I!.Ii. 6240, bM b... aMer diacaeeion. i. . 6240 warn a bill which 41.4et st the approval of ttm BO%&s. iUluaCOaILtteSbeesus.ofthe ernt at the lpprupaLstiuL. i. . 562aa tb.n istrodss.4, oonsiderul, sad pseee. Title III of I. r. C240 4tZfsrad tr IA. R. ?6$ in Wa respeetsi First, octjuDflof. U. 7542 contaisM the seed 542, folSStatiou' iLo as£ski Lu a. 46240; sseoad in ii. a. as spprl)pztutiQa of CO ,QO aa .a&therizM for es of iksWa fissal ysaza toll.th LC3, whereas,isE.Z.6240 an appae,riatiss of0,00,OOO aa attoriz.d for each of tb. three fiasalYaws fol.1Qw154 l*.;:. The discuasiun in the Ibuss ofR.prea.atattv..eethe tr Tsnsnsy bill was oZid aJjaast whoLly to T1tl I.There awl., hew- ever, tm illL orplasatios of th. bill t1zieh shel4 be salad. 4 page6(.) ct the oiremainsi saurd fw Jiu 22, 1?, thereL z.pted tbtu1lowin tatt by C1eriii Jotes, = platuing ?itL. LII of the billz ¶Jadir l,it. III an appwoprtat Losf 410,000,000 a autria.d to be 4. av.tLmbli for the first year, 42o,JJo,oO for ank f the a&ee.diayears for the sreMa. at land t pri*arily aniteble tar till. 54.. Th.o L3da ny be uad f.3r say public prpos, such as iarU, jaae pr$eZ'T, i'.iistionsl eentee., forest resrvss,r for any other ;ublio puroee. Th. neade 'f sach a prøgrsa are saM feet aM iU kaewn to those who are f..Lttsr with eonittees w-ieh prevail,a.at,4lyto esriath s.ettees of oi soontry. .t ps 8380 of tb. Congrsisioual asseN for Js 28, 193?,pp.ers te followin* s$.tt byr. Coffse of 'ebraskc., ezt1iritnTttls IX! of tbill *1 fo11a*i '4" fiti. ILl funds are sdhorizM for tbs purob*s by tb. Cov.ruut of esargina1 ta. This u.1d be utiu*tiO* 3f tk presSni pason ad in eany states .ditIonal purshasse irs eissSv7 to bLack to.thir t!o pehs5Sa sLready rr.ade.The obj.stivs is to retire tht subzgin*l land fr'n- prol'itabls'op pr-dnc$tos aM to turn it bsU to and into grsitnand forest areas. In pursbsei tg th. land tao Goverissat wtU hsvsoastkiajt she. for tao nsrey spont.Iti1l hal; to rslI.y ro'iurpli.J, .31paisll1 IA abut, sin.. 1* $ yseri tbi. auba.rifls1 land hlpi tosesLl tMts.. .n 3arplua.Lvsniy'five per conS of the net revenue restved by the aserstiry fron Ibi 'ias ot land will be atd to the re.yestiv* oou*ttsa for silloel and road purposse.?kis is çdte .es.stial encb as arest deal of the taxable prepaSty is s o,snti.. baa a... or .111 a. pwebad by the Covsiiuiont uSr this plo. 4$ 1* 38? 3f th. Coss.Iønat Resord for -, lfl?, te foUowin oocmsata by r. Coley ofLi'tb !aZ1th1 conoenin.tha land itfliZatiOLl ror..s 'I sarot, in tha twist apses and tisllattsd, diouas that whish Ma Man done by theRenal Re- babilitstiQfl .atioa of the Rmt$lseon$dMsia- tret ion ix bringing rsLi.f to psv.rty.strilkonfar- mers, nor can I d taons ta fluservice stick ito Land Uti Unit Ion Division Ma nsMse'ndin r.u1s1e- tug aibsargitil land aa oerrs$iagselMjessi$ in land use sad In making faretag profltabls. At pigs 83of tho Resend for Jens 18, 1I3, ipsara a letter ?ron marl.. last,Asitig 3s.ret&r7 of the !$1sS, S to the !. Yr'vtr Joies. Ct&ir.n, Coittis cn?4rtoulta?.. Rouse of !L.pres.flttttYeS,(1rtn.that tbs bill be *sdsd .0 .a to aprito Rico.The letter stetse Ia p.zt a. fat- "Thor. ore also sosiabrçtusl lens whi.h should be utiliZed ad developed zd.r a p21oTemsaab IS th$ ontspli'ted Ia Title iTI of this bill.?ropiOet produotr, ouch asextl1 beaus, quittue. bseboo, sad otber trorteal !ofee, øaZ hI 7'TCU1 00 th.ee laMe, TrothtctS of a kiMw.1.l. designated to osI sro.t1' ci ttsillstdes, M rot to coa'ete *itt eia- lend iculttalodaats.' ft. bill wee ended to exteM to 1-usrtoic0. As irdtePIti above, there veu'ebct three attptR to ?titi Eli.They are. follow.: At peg. 849E of lb. COor*SIi3nSl(soord Ar 7s l, la,, ap.ars the .escdosat estsd byr. lord.The perpeil of the .as to strike oAt Secttoo a. it sip.ors above sad Inst.si to tvoert tbe tol.loWtTI!I 'fust I at * t,,ft pyty soqutred by the Secretory to carryut tb. p?oIt5iOta 3t tbtstitle shill be zstpt rro tuat 1071 by saytet0? poLitical sub- 41Vt1i0L but 4oret?rY sbtll pay, Ia re.eot ct ucrro'pertY (sxc.it propertyuasd solely for adk4z1LatrottYe purposes),to the Jtat. orlittiL ubdIVistOa thereof .00earasd, seeuat whieb the 3SS- retary Ist.rtes to be Liii' aMreos,nabla bat sot soz's than tb. pi'opsrty tax..(incladtU .peisl sad other us..snezits) wbtat would bepayable to sash 3tstS or polities] sabdtvtstee itah orop.rl7 were owned by private t4titthaal.The payssut of SUCh assunt.all ad. on tt'a day upon whiab taxes.ould otbereiss be duee M sbls.' roll.. tin lbs of oU tsk.a be ant voald pro itilii.tio* 2aM lbs aM.v bOu5t land that is sMsd be bill lbs that urIe statisont S alas bM LoVd . bill lbs ma isbets lbs 1* rlt.r Istion.' our of rs 151P57 and fazeus lbs 1. eaftir very siM , to is This 0i.ui.$. lb. by purshased land 1b again*$ a.i.i.M that beMis Siti lbs bait I. have viii tapsyurs lbs of batasas lbs aM iMm*edn... bonded La there .b...d pur' 15 isli lbs vbars IIalzists nest is Mdlli.n, 1n ii. 40 1. eMS? 1* tisteist 1*2 hi In tsr. o*.I all of rats Iii lbs to is aMISS 515 VS II.. -- lbs at and 11S relL.ve Is teytni urs vs bill this in ..ua, othet In ponss. ,srt thai. fur taipsysra the ss fall I viii heidi. Mlr lbs aM pant, i'.ssiVS viii they basis this O* districts. ssboel and .ousliss vsli lbs 1. pay is lbs for ton iq4tabks l flit lbs La *al Ida dis 3seretsry lbs that propess m *15 bays I bt Li.4 ta_sails pp.' t is I aIs$ria$. lbs is pes,.rty real .tbsr as bolt. ubos3.s and bisye f tale. pays list. lbs aM it, tw psy. dIal. lbs vhat for a.i.i.M is It and land the bss lIst. lbs ion. rofor..$al fW laM buys lIst. the lb* I sf 31st. lbs "In sMs. ,SI$iIe1.t thus on anass4 ly thel Iaz.tiis of biv'dis lbs biar to bivs viii iy district. lbs is property sIb.? all aM p&q fi ethel ii of hiss lbs te add viii It tails. i*i pa. mM roll ..u.i.tl the as n is that land triot. h17 lbs sad district, .shosl lbs fri. and roila lbs of eel tibs viii bat vbstiV.r, 1nE any pay ant viii pihlM as ls .iriisal Ths S. the by t. Ils lbs Is shall Osverismt persb.and 2*adS s1$ii.l lbs profits lb. of pire.aS U that POIIi. This 10. pss is 33, saslIas to Eoass lb of altistlis lb. Io..li at Cheiri.n . f.11_.t 5$ .PEaM tb f posi the szp1ai.4 Lord Wr. 10 ThisS5ire at pogt 9O of the Coez'ss.ioasL es.rd to, J IS 1957. Lord'. 0$edest a rsJes*.d. This appesra at p 84*3 of the Cosgrs.siors1 a...rd for Zu *9, 195'?. The sesn4 wnt was proposed by *'.ees'ia to ssrts the di.posities of laM asquirsd aMer the 3aM ro(r0$tof tseants. Mr. £..ria prot3sed thst.stiei Si(s)asit sppe.zsS- hove sheulA be assMs to reed as fsllowss sell, .zstasg., or otherwise diaps.s of, with 0?withowt * oo5a$harst ion, say piopity asqi&izsd, M.r eth tsr.. aM ooMitio as he desee will best aoo1ish the psrpes.s of this title, bet $17 ssls, grant ts1l be set .*ly to p1is . thoriti.. aM sansi.s aM 05170*IoMLttS$ that the piop.rty La used for p2is p'posas or to tussat.uhe eaa *iarj as sesh $s4sW the t. of this M$eW. (Tb. 'iedess.ored ol.nse tatiosies Mr. H.?L*. prspo.Sd aend$e5t). i. ssrin, In witbdr*w1n his ndset, s the t.lise'tIi . Chair.an,I have offered this asr'41'set to this pairt toulor titlowt the ihout Is .4 that t$i al laM bbeeld be avsilahl for eslo to tts wbs$- ever the Jourstary of AgVisaltnrst4Ithat it is edvts- able that s.st astios p*Q*eId. I di)OOtasp.sttO p5555 the 4i.it; In fist, I inteat to wttb*t it b.esiiae by. vIv$u of bsvtng dts.uas.d the .iitInwith the 4is- tingiatehed Chsis of the CO..ltti.0*Agri0$ltnJs (. J3nea) it Ii .7 uMstaMing that In eU peobabilisy is.- islatIoa dealing with the dlspostti0$ sa.rgiaal laM vtl.lbe forthsoIng.0 (peg. 8493 CoagrssaIonaJ Rs..rd of Z'une 29, 1957). Tb. third Mant w* proposed by '. Os.. of 3oath Dshet*. The pwpoae of !'. Cas'. ..ad*eat sea to sags 3s.tt 33 to authorize the us. of AiMs paidt3sointi.. for th. rstir'S of US heM. titi WilTaiti 1...I1.y hued cM o.tstsMti ci lbs of p.esagof thisit.It this adIt bed bus M.plsd the spplissbl. pert of ziestioa wsild iSM as foilsiss ')asat. tsoistiss Mthis a.stiis iheti b5 aid. othe soaditios that they a?.aiM tosehesi 01 reM p'po.ss or both, for lb. rittrat ofaiMs at the I .reeorsd tM .ells Tb. -Mrat was rsjsctsd. '. C..., l.a aving his aE.._l. SM. Sb. followtu atatisests 'Mr. Chairasa. thiss--'-M to ps 1* of t1 bill.&_-- .set. tobe zM .Me as f.11.sss 'F53SSatS to souali.a or this ..sttis 11 be mmd. as lbs ..Mitioa that lhera aiM to? asl or reed p'pss.s, orb.*.' ti. edda to tb.$/óbSr1$7 to? this to be spliMMy sirs is lbs slakisi tiMato, iitiimmrl aM wsrrsat. 1.'1.y issuedaM aitsIasdiW at the this sit besosis 1*,. 'girid did of tbs d.bsts Os thi.bill baa bisi MS. f laM to SS* sèjsit ofthe fal.tiisa*7 pe'ois is tills!.AstarS.ISGiS.r*S4tthhsflSMflare .q&.1ly iaort.at in theest Plains sisi. *.h.btutt*tl.fl loans med themabaiuitasi 1mM bey mg pregras are .qail1ylapsrtaM with the tommmmy p?O. Threbebilitat Is. greats hive kepttheMSeds of terser tat.. cliv.Sb. psit stat.? aM the lisa. are giviag his a shaMSto t 0,151 .0,1*. Ito 1* J.a4i.p5WSbsiS pregris .psasthe say Is a wise? 1mM ons.Ibsas thta. areee*tl**s4 aid.? till.. II SMIII aM sy 4.. irs is So hsv. titersMStiiuI$ 1* thee' fisiti profit tras whet .sriisOi hasbess bed. 'It we 3.1*15 the as. of this *5persist of the AVMS tram tI porehausi laMa to ashed aM reed pS. we are using tthror the settle biMs. ifpist bSM SM wSXTIat. onto the rthin(laMbeldiag tS7SZ'. 1 hays a'sn bon that has voitM ot inus or t.S - - asr1nsi inns iny 4latniet.s bar. $ ioas$ttsttoisi 21$ o isilin as viii ii total dat.I $iis vbsIflsss 11a. it. havi bias rsaeh, it is not only wif.fr rstieal to Ibris onto rtZIIng tirps7'i Iba 'spitat*sbts tM% bay as's band on in sisssisd wsltiOa thatinladM tha laMa this parsba.progras viii rs.vs. tt issas an isbs.laassi tan s$rvstsrs that Is oahl. It will muss lbs m.d aM ssba.i t*Ma, bat wstha 1U has bass rssshsl'ssisking f levis.. sst *U% .dju.t lbs sttvatton. l if this zm.sss fnsi tb. grs.i areas or fr's this .ibasrgtasl ares i'sbe flhiM to osI' sliMing, ieg.117 used bonds aM wsrraatait viii.atvtbuts 'sib to ibs witability of lb. btli. Am pointod oat abo,., thi mM assprivistoSs ii lbs bUt us not absnd in say wy. ?111III is psas.d b7. Boisi isa _- .ptd in sonf.zesss aid this b.e ts.smperstid is lb. stid bill in lb. n's fore iriginsily tatrodassd. (S.. psg14 of hiss &sponl0. 119$, lb. Coafsr'sSfliport.) . bssntngs wins bald on sitbsvi. 9. 6240 or 2. 9.?5.*, as thi only tu. fatsr.y billa whishspittS*U7OiUSd for LaM esi prog?s*.Dorisg lbs t.sninjs, h'ssvsr, Osho's tint liSS7 bills whiaL pros..d.d T. R. 6*40 s . a.786* refassaise sue edt to tbs laM uss preres.This. am. appndM a. bLbt$ D. APPENDIX J FAI3M TENANCY 7 0 1001 to 1006 Ch. 33' Repealed SUBCHAPTER lV--GENKRALPROVISIONS S.c Repealed. 1014 to 1029. aiid service offices. 1030.Consolidation of agricultural credit ('oiiveyaflce of mineral rightswith land. 1031. of Reconstruction Finance (or- 1032 Transfer of rights and iluties 1oration arising out of rehabilitationand farm tenancy loans to Serretary of Treasury. Sale of reserved mineral interests. 1033. iiiteresta aold; conveyances. 10:34. Persons to whom mineralcouisideratiofl; transfer of unsold 10:16. Sale of mineral jiiterosts; iuiteres(s to Secretary ofInterior. Repealed. IiEIl in(ti'est$;disposition of proceeds. 1031 Salt of resir' ed mineral ilelegatioflal of authority. 1038 RcgulatiOiis Time for filing purchases1i1ilicatiofla, CHAPTER 33-FARM TENANCY 1039 fundac'ouIiI. 1040 FarmersI him. Adniiiiistratioii S.c. 1000. Short title. Short title § 1000. I (11tH to 1010, 11)11. Sectiolis IOU Ito 11)06.IUllbc to lUOGe, 11)1)7. this title may be cithd asThe Bankhead- SUBCHAPTER I-TENANT. PURCHASE LOANS AND 1012. uiid 1013 to 11129 of MORTGAGE INSURANCE Jones Farm Tenant Act. 1001 to 1006.Repealed. July 22. 1937. i'. 517.50Stat. 522. 1006a. Loans to homestead or desertland entrymen and purchasers Historical Note of lands in reclamation projects;security;first repay- TCI,.I,IA. I ii,, Jail?..es?,,, 'Oii, 11.. 'ilii' iii. I3.11 ira.' i..i...... r Till. iii ment installment. R.pSi. r.iaCSid 514) ,- lieu, m si..0 1114. i2ia I.e,.,,n,i,,ie.iin 1006b. Cancellation of entror purchase upon loan default; entry ti. s.c it..ii.n5hi-nai- I.57 .i.iii.'.. 1. Ii..5.1it'.t r.'i,'rri,,It i. Ike si.I.,,.i,rinisi.r.aI.t...... ii-.....i A,i. ...,Ie 11111 I. CisCal I or reaalecoiidjliori satisfaction of indebtedness. 101a' it..'.,i'IIa0 11121 J...... t.r,a, iuil', Iv in 1006c to 1006e.Repealed. uNit.iiflk,4..nih', IaN7. liii' illi,' 14..,l.5iIii3e.t,ir.'.i s,,.iIil2 I..1025 .4I i,i Iar.'...... ICrI.' i.t.t hi-n i.e...... tOri 'i4i,,.1 i-uI.,s; i2' eli-.. I,r..aI%ilI 1 SU 131 'IIAPTEIt IIffl'EI(ATIN(. LOANS .14.1 iii ri...... I,, 554 1007. Repealed. TINANI I'(IR(IIASE I.OANSANI) lOUIs. Omitted. Sl,fl)'IIAITi'ltI 1008. 1009.Repealed M(JRTt.AGE INSURANCE lilnioriCal Note SLJIICIIAI'TER IIILAND ('ONSERVATION ii.11111,. ANU LANI) UTILIZATION An....ifll',.,s,,, hIll I5. 151 ItinI i...... hi 1010. Land conservation a iid Ia tid utilization. I,C..IIiii lObs. Soil, water a,id reliittit lisource ilatareport. Kepealed.Pub.L. 87-128. TItle lU loll.Powers of Secretary of Agriculture. § 1001 to 1006. 75 Slat. 318 1012. Payments to counties. 341(a). Aug. 8, 1961. 1012a. Townaites. Historical Note 1013. Omitted. i, iIi1nl.a' 117 5.51.132.Anal I' i7. 121. J 2, 1013aBenefits extended In Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands; county 11511. A. In J.,Iy 22,11132. 1511. IIIlai 2,i11W. .. ii..5 14211.Jlin .1,TI, Mini , A,III. ii.I4II r i2511. r defined; payments to Governor or fiscal agent of county. I. ItO i41n1 10-1114. 13111.72 Mini Till.- I.I I. . I. 110 Mini 11172: J...' 500 , 501 2 7 § 1009 FARM TENANCY Cli. 33 Cli. 33 FARM TENANCY 7 § 101Oa 'I'I,eaU1.J.qt 111.11 ,f furo,er.,e,'I I,,,,o Sr',r,tary of Aitrlcoltor,'. Naior.l (Ion Trat,000rlollr,,, All of 1975, Enlating Blgbt.-nf'Way.t'r,,vlol,,n. nt fleeaertlog 341 ase(Ion 715 it seq. of TItle 13, Co,,,s,srrreasetlon 706(a) of P94.1,, 94-519, eueepl a. 11551 alId 115)91 uf 11,1. 1111,. (a)oft'r,l, I..81-125, aPt 01.1 Ia a note l,y 50db,. 1521 it ,.e,. of till.. tulle. Icr ,.e.'l i.,n 1571 of ha title. and Trade, war. transferred to lb. Fed' perlalningIsrlghta'of.way.lottobe eralInapeotorforII,.AlaokaNotoraleoaotroed aa affectIng th, authorityof ItfIsello. 1 Oat. Repeal. iIep,'n I f be,'l ion,, repealed effertloc (lit.13,ISdI, (lea TransportatIon M,.Ie,,, effedlten Julythe Secretary of Agricoltore under 11,10 Oecll,,fla efferliv. 120.bay, afterA , I'Ioe,lI.,a 2(51.1 of '11110 6. Co,ir of Fad- I, 1975,snill th. tUrda,,,,Ivernar, of I heo.cll,,n.nes note under .ectlon 1101of 5, Il, or noel, earlier dat,' asI.e pro Ira IIt,'io,,IatlonoI.,'. Kffevtive hale ilote dais ofInitialoperallonifthe AlanilaTItle 43, PublIc I.anda. ,lolooa uf ntbu,, 1112l et n.',. of 11110 UtileI,f,Ier oe,Ii,,,, 1921 ofbin lltle Natural Oaa Trot,al,orlallot, tly.te,,,, pot' are L.ginlaoie. Hint.el,,O'or leglalalloe 1.1. flla,leeffectivebyregoI,,l I...... nasal toarcti,.aa102(f)at,,l of 2031a) Ion and pori"'. of I'ul, 1,.87-103, ceo 1975 Iteorg,I'lao No,1,J,,nel2,1970, 44 11(53 and Adnt.N.wo,p Fit 33662. 33061, 53 51,11. 1373. ,,eI aol Ia I' ii ('ode Co,,g 2553. i4..&tfl,,.l'ub.I.. 89-756. 1806 CS. (he 10 iloveroltient App.ndlz Tltla5, Csdv Cong an,I A,Im Newa, p. 431s SUBCHA I°TER III ..-LANI) CONSERVATION AND Organiasll,.n and Ktoployeea LAND UTILIZATION § 1010. Library Ret Land conservation and land utilization ,t,iiri,'oi(,,r,' C.J.M. d,i,tl,',llt,,t,'1 Ii The Secretary is authorized anti directed to developa program of PaI,ll. l.a,,,lo iI, 7 Ci N, i'at,ik, i.aa,la I 3 et soil land coilservotbon aitd land utilization, in order thereby to correct Noies ofDecisions maladjustments iii land use, and thus assist in controlling soilero- Avqulaltloa ni 1.0.1. 0 0,Aoqslaitloa of lands sion, reforestation, preserving natural resources, protecting fishand C.autitail.a.tttyI The acqobolilonl,ylb. Unlled Staleo wildlife, developing and protecting recreational facilities, mitigating .,f,'en,eterleaWIll,lntile Crab Orchard floods, preventing Impairment of dams and reservoirs, conserving CreekI 'a,,,l'roject ond Ill, removal of II,.bodies Iberefros,, are neet So surface and subsurface moisture, protecting the watersheds of navi- I.(onntitatl.naiity "correctn,aia,ljant,oent II,land One" gable streams, and pl'otecting the Ilublic lands, health, safety, and ThIs nevtlon and,,,'vll,,nloll err 1,0,u'liI,latl,la .e,'ll,,nU. a e 274 Acre. welfare, but not to build industrial parks or establish private in- oneonatl(otl,,nal an a driegallo,, of "leg.ofI.Ii,,1Inn'lllln,,,000C,r,,flI 7,iiC III C dustrial or commercial enterprises. iaIaIlvoatbtl,orlI y"aliveI l,e01,1 l,,,rit, 18-OIl, 32 fr'.S,,i,p22. conferredIs''ad,,,(t,ioI ral 1,0out l,orll y" esther tI,an''leglolot vp'.I'. N. V. 274 'rl,at lands n,'ceoonry tr,,'orre,'t a flIal July 22, l'137, c. 517, Title Ill,§ Il, 50 Stat. 525; Sept. 27. 1962, A,'rea of 1,0.1.1 InII' ilila,,,o,,n ('o.,..ty.I'.o,Ij,,ott,,eatI,,io,,dsue are,'e,,,elerl,,n Pub.L. 87-703, Title I, § l02(a), 76 Stat. 607; Nov. 8, 1966, Pub.L. C 111.1940, 32 I" iIollp. 25 o,,d are already devinleil to o public one 89-796, § 1(a), 80 Stat. 1478. 10 no defenas So eo,ojetn,,albonthroceerl ngo Iry the 1'..il,'d 5 . Id Repeals Section repealed by Pub.L. 94-579, Title vii; § 706(a), Oct. § 101 Oa. Sell,water and related resource data; report 21. 1976, 90 Stat, 2793, effective on and after Oct. 21, 1976, insofar us applicableto the Issuance of rights-of.way over, In recognition of the increasing need for soil, water, and related upon, under, and throuyh the public lands and lands in (he rCsoul'ce data (alatld COl,Si.'rvatiOtl, use, and develol,nieI,t, for guid. Nattona.l Foreat Sys(tm. ance of community develollnletlt fob' a balanced rural-urban growth, for ideiltificiltion of prime agriculture producing artas that should Illutoricat Note be.t'otecte,I, 0111111,1' use n1i'otecti it g the qua I ity of the cit vi rot,- meilt, the Se,'reta ry of A gl'ielllttl re is dlrectell to tally outII allI liii Alnead,,.ent.I' ,,l,I, 511711,1 l,roerl II, at,',, I...... esIoll,,g vo (PcI.21. el ''devi.lopI,,g .11,1 l,rOle, Irig recrel,t i,,n DIII,v,.,,,,,le,,,,,lcroe.'l l,,nlilt of Title inventory StIll nlonutol'iligrl'ogl'ilm to include, but not be Ilnilted to, aifa.'Illlle...''f',ll.'wl,,g'l,r..t,'cti,,gfbi, 43. 101,11,'l.a,,do studies atid surveys of erosion and sedimetlt dantages, flood plain ann wll,l(lf,.'' identification atld utilization, laild use changes anld trends, and dog. 11111. Asc,ndns'nI. I'i,I. I.97.71,1 ii..,,- Trnn.fe, of'unrliono.TI,.,.I,f,,r,,' refer,',,,'pI,, l,,,lr,,il,,gIi...r..lIr,' 'ifII,,' 14e,r,'lort'.1 AgrI l'adation of the envil'onrni'tlt i'esulting (torn improper use of soil, wa- ft of I.....I.. ,r,lt re,',,r,,l I,,'rnl,l,r.,l,rlot..,ffln'r..r 01,1,1. a re'., "'''"rg(,,ol re ter,1111(1 related i't'soui'et's.l'he Secretary shall issue ut lint less i'ri,,,arli,,,,,IlsI,i,.l,,rcOli ....II,,,,,' 117ii,I Ire I'd,., rt ro,',,lIf Agri,'oll ,,re. l..Ii.,olr.g ollIlooll,,,,''1'' 1,11,1 f., Il,,'ylObule,'tails andlie,' - than five-year ilItel'v,lIs a l,u,d Invetltory repot't R'Ilcctlllg soil, wa- to ,o,,,,,,,,,,l,,r roololoOveI,,l.r,,I,'cti,,gfri...... I 11.1 II,,' joriodlell,,,, of tl,at lie ter, and related resource conditions. lifo a,,,t b'r''lil,ilcrl II,.' i,r,lInlI,rg ,,fsrI,,... ,,,eol, r,'lnled I,, ,'Ofl,l,llOnCP wIth lash trial'irk..,'r,.ot,,l.Iiut,,,,,.,,l"f'rival,'hoe perI.rlln file oIlier aoo,n'laled 1.1.11 oaea Pub.L. 92-419, Title III, § :402, Aug. 30. 1972, 86 Stat. 670. l,,.l,,oIrl,,lic ,',r,,,,,,er,'i,,l ,.flIerprioes. Io..o,',l,,,,d,'r 11,10 nol,,'t,au.ter ao (tie,I'e' loS,. t.. pre ,000lr,,etl,,a,'onntrov(t,,o. a,,d tinnIflhn Ir.. InlOfill, II "I,,.,, ItoI'd, I. 11,11 Intl ,,l,,'r.l I..,,,f a,, Ot,IirUve,I tranallor Hinioricil NoSe llt-37ll.I l,o.,f,,r ivl'l,li,.l,I.' I"II,,,1,.n,,.- lal it, ny'.i,'n. fir I In' tranoport of Ca,,a- flfl9ofrlgi.lo'.fwoy,I,,.II,.li,'ofl 11sf o,,lh,rol Coo 1.1,1 Al.pkan natural gao Le.I.lativslllniaey. 0',.,begunlallvvn.e 1972 CM (',,,I,'i',,ogond A,l,,,,Newo. r,,e,isol,.r,oiaal li.g..,y'.11,1le,,,n., 0' ouch Icr,,,. ore ,ietlnrd In It,. Alaska', l,Iflt,,tya,,,iI'lItII" ,'f1',,l,. 1.. (12-418, .. 3141 508 509 J H 'I 7 § 1010a FARM TENANCY Ch. 33 Ch. 33 FARM TENANCY 7 § 1011 activities.As used Library References iiithis subsection, the term "aquaculture" I means the culture or husbandr-y of aquatic animals or plants. Agriti,If in. J S. A 4 ,..it,tn- Ii N ci ,i. 31. Iii, i, Loans to State and local public agencies and to local nonprofit 11111. 134, iT or- ganizations shall be made only if such plane have been aubmitted to, and not disapproved within 45 days by, the Stateagency having su- § 1011. Powers of Secretary of Agriculture pervisory responsibility over such plane, or by the Governor if there Is no such State agency.No apliroprlatloni shall be made for any To effectuate the pJ.OgEa,U pi'oeided forin section 1010 of this ti- tle, the Secretary is authorized single loan under this subsection in excess of $600000 unless such -- loan hits l,ee,u aplir-oved by resolutions adopted by the Committee on Repealed.I'tib.I,, $7 711:1, Title I, § 11121 Ii,eltt. 27. 19G2, 7G Agriculture, Nutrition, arid Forestry of the Senate and the Comnuit- Stat. 607. tee urn Agriculture of the house of Representatives.Loans under To Protect, improve, devClolr, this subsection shall lee made urudei- contracts which will provide, l:utl administer any lirolierty so under such terms anti conditions as the Secretary deema appropri- acquired and to construct such sti'uctur-cs thereonas may be fleece- eary to adapt it to its moat bt.'iieficial use. ate. for the repaymt'rut thereof in riot more than 30years, with inter- est at the average rate, as detei-mjned by the Secretary of the Trea- To sell, exchange, lease, or otherwise dispose of.with or with- sury, payable by the '1'i-eaury nmits marketable public obligations out a consideration, any property so acquired, undersuch terms and outstanding at the be - of the fisc1 year in which the loan is conditions as he deems will brat accoinjilish thepurposes of this made, which are iieithr'r due iron' callable for redemptionfor 15 subchapter, but any sale, exchange,or graiit shall ire made only to years from date of issue.Repayment of principal aird inter-eat on public authorities and agencies and trudyon conidit ion that the Prop- such loans shall liegini within 5 years.Inn pi'oviding assistance for ertyis used fur public pu i-poses !'rv,u'idr-d.hou'i'i'.-r, That an cx - carrying out h)ldnnis developed under this subchapter, the Secretary change may lie made with privateowners arid with aulitlivisions or shall lit' authorized to hear such proportionate share of thecosts of e agencies of State got'e'r-rimr'nitsiiiauiy case' where the Secretary of installing aiiy works of iinpn'ovememit applicable to public water- Agriculture fiirds that such exchange would riot conflict withthe based fish timid wildlife or recreational development as is determined purposes of the Art, ritud that the value of the Property receivediii by him to lie eihuitenblr. ire .-iiiisid.'rutioii of national iieeds and aasist- exchange is sulistanutrally equal to that of thejtrola'rty conveyed. knee authorized for siniilai- purpost's unden' other l"ederal programs: The Secretary may r-e'ci,iiunnefluito the President other Federal, Provided, That all engineering aiud other technical asaistunce costs State, or Territorial agencies to administer- stir-hproperty, together relating to such development may be borire by the Seci-etury:Pro- with the conitlitioris of use arid administration which willbest serve r'idr-d furthei-, That wheii ii State or- other public agency or-local the purposes of a l;iniil-criuise'rvtitioiu uuud lurid-utilizationprograni, lro,nlerofit or-gitii izittntini participating in ii plain developed uiider this and the Presrije,it is riuthon-izirt to traiistt'i-iiu-h li-operty to auth aubchapter agrees to operate and nnaiiitain arty reservoir or othei- agencies. area included iii a plan for public water--based fish aiid wildlife or- d) With nespi'rt to arty bind, or- airy interest therein, acquiied by, recreational development, the Secretai'y shall be authorized to bear or transferred to, the Secretary for the purposes of this subchapter, not to exceed one-half of the costs of (a) the land, easements, or to make dedications i,r grunts, iii his disr'ietjon, for rights-of-way acquired or to be acquired by the State or other pub- any publie' pur- lic agency or local nonprofit orgaiiizationi for such reservoir or oth- pose, and to grunt licenses arid easemeuits upoii such termsus he deems reasonable. er area, and (b) minimum basic facilities needed for public health and safety, access to, and use of such reaervoir or other area for (e) To cooperate with l"etleral, St-ate, territorial, arid othei'public auch purposea: Provided further, That in no event shall the Secre- agencies and local iioiipi-ofit organizations inn developing plans fora tary share any portion of the cost of installing more than one such program of hind cunriervatiori arid land utilizationor plans for the work of improvement for each seventy-five thousand acres iiiarmy conservation, ilcvelottnnu'nit, aiitl utilization of water for aquacultrirail project; and that any such public wutei'-baaed fish arid wildlife or purposes, to assist iii carrying out stir-h plants by means of loans to recreational developnrent shall be consistent with any existing com- State anti local public ageiucir's aird local nonprofit organizations prehensive statewide outdoor recreation plum found adequate for designated by the State' legislature ui the Governor, to conductsur- purposes of the Land anti Water ('onservatiorr Fund Act of 1965; veys and investigations relating to conditions arid factors affecting, and that such cost-sharing assistuirce for any such development and the methods of a.-conuplishiiig must effectively thepurposes of this subchapter, arid to rlisseminuate information concerning these shall be authorized only if the Secretary determines that it cannot be provided under other existing authoi'ity. 510 511 '2 Ch. 33 FARM TENANCY carrying7 § 1011 out plans developedThe(I) Secretary To under provide thisshall technical subchapter: also be and authorized other assistance, in providing and assistance to pity For for any FARM TENANCY Ch. 33 andvanceposes regulations theof this purpoaee subchapter, ahall ofbe thispunished in subchapter. order by to a conserve fine Any of violationnot and more utilize ofthan such it$500 or rules ad- or 7 § 1011 Thattureforstorage rural constructedthe of communitycost water of waterfor or present modifiedwriter storage supply or pursuantanticipatedto meet included lutrire to future such in demands any demands reservoir may or not needsstruc- titans: P,-reidrd, ex- thetriedchargedimprisonmentnated same and sentencedforwithmanner that thefor purpose andnotviolation by subjectmore any by United ofthan the to such the courtsix States same rulesmonths, by magistrate whichconditionsand or regulations heboth. was speciallyas Any provided appointed, peraonmay desig' forbe in givestructureceed reasonable 30 perand ceritum the assurances, public of theagency total otid or estimated therelocal iioirilrofitis evidence, cost oforganization such that reservoirsuch shall de- 531,Julyin section 22, 1937, 3401(b) c. 517, to (e) Title of Title111, 18.§ 32, 50 Stat. 525; July56 28, 1942, c. Stat. 725 Sept. 27, 1962, Pub.L. 87-703, Title 1. § ationThatstoragetimemands which theor For constructionwithin public willthe the permituseagency life of on' rcpaynieultsuchof or theniodificatioir local storage reservoir rroiiprolit of willthe ofstructure costbe anyorganization made ofreservoir such within water pi'ioi'structure a period SUpply to initi- iii-of Pioiided further, Stat.IV,L. 89-796,1157;102(b), § 439;402(b)(2), Aug. §(c),Aug. 1(b), 31,76 30, 821964,Stat.80 1972,Stat.Stat. 607; Pub.L. 1478;1118; Pub.L. 88-537,78 Oct.July 92-419, 17, 18. 1968,Stat. Title 745; Pub.L. III, Nov. § 301.90-578, 8, 1966,86 TitleStat. Pub. Oct. 23. 1962, Pub,L. 87-869, § 7, 76 Stat, 1970, Pub.L. 91-343. 84 costforageSecretarycluding anticipated forto be presentwater borneto pay supply futurewaterby for the trot supplystorage, ilemaiids:publ less it demands,than nuake 50 per lrro%isioil and centnini all of satisfactorytheof the cost cost of storage of to the in geirry cii Aurt pi-tieidid further. 'i'hat tor- the 669;U S.Rea.1503(a), 4. 1507,91 Feb. 4, Stat.1977; 1021, Sept. 1022. 29, 1977, Pub.L. 95-113, Title XV, Repeals reservoirfor anticipated structure future bitt demands may be repaid within the life of the iii iii event to exceed fifty years after the local non profit orga iii eat ion - 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2795,Section effective repealed on and by afterPub.L. Oct. 94-579, 21, 1976. Title VI!, § 706(a), Oct. aridaccountpatedisreservoir (2) first future no of used, suchi ritewaterstructrr 'eatbutcost supply iiishall ccneed no is caseIredr'niafirst be ttiai'ged madeused shall nds foruirtilexrthe on the ept iiiterest-frt'esuchsuch storagetlia coot t until of period waler such exceed forsupply inritici kit supply is I no pay nient on first, used. insofarNationalupon, as under, applicable Forest and System. through to the issuance the public of lands rights'of'way and lands over, in the HIstorical Note estyear-s. on the un paid ha ha lice sli all be the ave rage rate, as deter-mi neil The interest rat.' used for toirtoses of u'ttnipiitinig the inter- ii,,'no Act'aritr n,, TerraIn ActM.ftrrftie. III nruto,et 11,10 in ten I.(I). in rile ii,,nkireoii J0fl,.0(',,,i,', i",,r CrosnlCI,'o( 1,,,,,'?,,e. 'iii,' Al. reterrell ,o',ii,,lj sHot .1 i,,,j,,,ui,,iiiie,,I,',icrarrric.rii.1 saUd or,' reinwashy, i,',i aridiii ,,ti,rn. in rew'rtoir.., unit I.,grr hr wili,u,-.'eu..nr', I,lri,i,,rng,. or Wa ,ond,,. C,,r diui,oto I ''r Itt her marketableby the Secretary public of the 'I'ir'asu iy, I syal tie try t lit' Treasury upon its urtiligai inirs outsttiirdirig at the Iiegiiririirg of the iSle liii,.. 'ISo 1.0.1,1 1 11105, .r,,t W,,i.r II rid,,attr hr, wlir,,irot,fli ni,i,,lrmerinn,,'C". i,r,.iei-rion 14,0,1,', 0' I for r,, yearsmade,fiscal from which year date art' iii of which iieihirer issue; the rlue crlv;iiireiirerrt our raII;iI,ht' fri for such rr'rlemptioir water supply for fifteen us first i4ioi.in,i'ilri,i Sri n Sill, which Pit,... au-nb. ii.5i iaiurto.,illeti4i0.(rr.Cerr.,i I,, i. gnrrr'r,,iiy ui-c,0,1,1*,. l'u 5i-:w4,.ercr Irs lab, Aai,'ndr,beltl. oiii'i is nor ri. 1usD,. o,,iri'.rI ,,,, c u,ntai,n,. do, ri,C 'I arid other assistance and(2) such To provide, trrollortioirate Inc the shai-e lieirefit of tiEthe ruralcosts iornniucritio's, of technical ActConoertlichapterI.. part to the in,,lxix (',,de. oC a lir.pr,-r Ii (necrrl.fl I'or rianoili,ni ion Ohorl 'iii l ci eeii.( ol tot,- I .1 Tii Ii fl,,ne t,'Ior I iS. r,,eni.i.rem-ii,,l,'nI is lear vuasartrnfl,'C e,,,it. ,.n,'n,,,i i,.iC ''1 .1 1,11,1 i(lflit C ,,rhnlie ,.,,tinof mm rile eogu.,e,'rl,'inrl and ,,ii,,'r if maci, ,.nael,ieriIt r,, i.e ire u.n disposaltheinstalling coil trol ofmeasures andsolid alratenieiit wastes, anti facilities arid of agriculture-relatedfor foi-the waterstorage quality of water1101 management, lution,in reservoirs. for tin'for ir6-ti3Tai,ieiout ooder Comm..added aeeii,,n, releecree 410)1-4tIll Amr.d.nt.iool lion,'I'i(ie lie mi,,..,. to a,oi lb.' coil,i,r rritiilai,r,.Jeeiiril,,iii,,tbIll' ntt'eniY Of WOYwhere ii,tile ori,iIi,omrtond vinci, nilnl as-,i,tafli',' ,r,,l,,, a,'r,'. bode mliii,-C.eIiii rev, unit ii,t,li,',t .0' work '.1 i,,,uir,,rerlieni i i,e Fe,lr'rai ,.,n i, n,,,i pro in. cl.C,,r miwithdrawalfarm tied ponds, by the appu or Secretar other rte initir,irui.Imeiito,iii rites, for ru i-al together with necessan-y water tin I.e eq u i table iii ronsideration of national fi it' Irrotec tiori, as is deter- triiaitrticr5,ouroertaii,in,If waler "51,00.1051" Cur dev.i..,rmeuuI, aqr.aeuiiort br "1250,0101' mad pori,,,001. uiiiinaiiondelinhi add I.,,t ,,C''n,irintoilUn", rid jolt, ern,mnhi'ral,'ii,'t,i,dt,ni,l,'r j,iiu,i III localcm' ,,lii,'r,blllil,,rllisle .i...rndinrnl. ooni,r.,Cit ,,rgoiile.nr,,g,.ni.-,,'n I,,,,. i. t''ti' I. him alit i.c.r I, ,,iI,i,',r ire Federalneeds and programs. assistance authorized forf) Tosinirijir make lrurlroses such rules under' iind regullri other iuiiii irs hi' rlet'nrs riecrsssii ry I in tort'02-diVwhich added artlhorineri par ills Amednnenl. I., provide Fe,ierni ISeu'rn'iary(ii nad (2r tire curbMoi,or'e. asiainube,' (it. .1 AtiritlIl Ion, i,. C,,r no.531e.'rii'n tor ai,i,io'nbiuic'.Intl .%n.i'fldinrl. 'Inlet i i,ni rmert,,nt i4,nr,v,'e Iiihermit r,.g,niarm.11lowrit Inc. propertyprevent tresirasses acquit-ed aridtry, orotherwise tr;nirrferred regulate to, the tlu, Secretaryuse ituid occupancy for the pur- of 512 agelulCint.waitr dotage an,i Cot wai,.t.ilbohiiy ,,,n,l- C,, r r,ur,lr,,i .ini at,ale,l,erci,,C 513 ulIny*'I,,iori.,,i,,f I.e lri,,i na,i n,,i,'il clir,,i,'n ,.i,,-c,l nail i,y ouny Ir.,ii 2 ' 7 § 1011 Olulea omiolorioner opetially FARM TENANCY den)g Transfer I'oaelI,fla, i"ol,,'lloaa Ch. 33 .0 Cli. 33 FARM TENANCY 7 § 1012 Tttl,ISISwhIrl,oiled s,,,, to. Cot r CrirnOn 1011 Crtminnl In,,ddnr... he we. anappointed, 111.1 purpose i,yill nerlIoli 3401)1,1 isthe court U> toIke some el ut londorc-.p'ClIl,,oI lie M,-crelorl 402 sC livid Iienrg11.1cr I'll. I,, tie.'I l,s jorindl,l I,,., of II,. 8vre'iC to,II,, antiinterior u,,der nor- dIsposal No. 3, will, Crou.. AgricuiluraEnlbnent l)omain 2. b, 45 Llbraty Reftrencee I'CC,I I2 14 >4I). Agricollarn En,l,,.o( llun,atu, ft 22, tIll 6. t 00.1 4 II.e01-103, tN* A.,mad,nen(a. 8,'cretary 102(1,), repealed the nlh..ritp oC to acquire 8014.00 nul,fl,arglnal0), P111,1, 011crcull).,.sIerlalalacy or,' I,,,,). ..0 I. uuli,.'rined AgrI,-ull.1,1,1. ire ,,a,l.'r 11,6 1,1.. j,,riadlctlon ofldcr I.,t4.'l'relary dinp,,oe "Cof Crnm 11,0..' oC Ag,i- nllncral hoard oC (',,alro,'i Ai.penl.,millIe land. pr,u'edurea, ct.., ,ee 7 171'It 24 I 1, I Code ed Federal RqulatloIIi I'ui,hlc laud. 5 3 et 0I1 CPU 112-4.1 .1 ne) Oillull),laud soIl, silo,,,aotl 101,1 loud 0,1,1 out interenla primarily is and ..ital.l, options Cur S red30,so, In,,Miaeral 1011 I.ondo .11.1 MInIng, lranaCer- I., I.e $.',rei,,ry oC Agriculture. net I.. 1104 oud 1111 to 615 oC Title Co.,peraiivoConnervalluu arrangeltlenta. md Clued preveoll"n . project.. ,,perall"fl, etc., oee I I CI"Ii 0611.1 -h awl, 36 Cl"It 211.1 t't seq it p4. .-uflylngsot I,orlue,l 'ut the pianoIIol,ner by neana uC lunno I,'), the l'ul,.I.Ilevrrtory 07-103, In aoaiSi 1(121,). I,. .11001I'ol, I. as . III,' 06-1u10. JSllla II. ,,,,,ler 11)60. 14 Slat. 2112,o,','llo,i 221)1 C l.al,d,hlovIr,na,eftill galdeilola. ICool,a,lgea, act 3d Ch"It 254.1 el 0011 I CEll 1160,1 etoe.l. *2751(001hosedI,, Olale titan,.1 alti 100.1 public agencies, 'usd1-pIous wlll,in it aI,.eo.'e45 .0 disapproval tIapa, i,rrm'rli,ed Cur a 'II,,' C 11,1, will, fl"i"l I., 1 I.,... ..0 Ii...... r.'Iarl' oC AgrI-In Iai,,in ,.,,,ier 11,0 ml's of 11,11,01,1,..,-. (Cl I'll.)N,,,,dln,-ri,,lloallollMls,lug, material. oper.lioan, doter., re.iuictmeale,.10, ,.p.ral n.e 36 1,11l, ('I'll em' 2021,'lcLlllilnalI,,l 7. ciCI"lt no',1 It letl.rol,'cIa, 0'4 .eo 36 ('I'll 213 I en..-.) ..'t I lIlt 613 I 'I oel) a ll.rta I olugl,' lll,illatisom.i.t provltieulloan Cur isa ucolllracll. situ wilIsoul reps Inept oC''o approprial I,, I,rinr llt,' 1071).l'IauIne,',ct,rl' No 3, IoC 411.!, eCC. 1,11) neil Ill,' 11461, 0 're I ,,l,-rI,,r by 1046 Iteorg o,'I IrausCerred iii, 10141. II Fit 10 it, II,,' lIeu'ar,Io,Ilongel'r,,l,ll,iled ,,,al,agemeul, etc., acllvilieo, wi' 34 CENseen.P 3d 34202,1 l'I"It CEll ot222 241 004. I 1101-ilI ci 00*1, 214(1 Cl 0011 all i,,Itrt,.Isod ii,lcte..I 1401.0.. (Cl i'ul, I. 01-4111)1 .01.0111 ,ll,',i i,ti.,.-li'al Ii,..,1.0,5,110 to 'I'll Ic 5, i,,rl'ru 1.11111 'Irg.,,Ina 011,1 60 lIla, 01.1,,> I','. ,,,ll ll,e Ap 1 Note. ed Declalonl or l,oll,'''Ii> (or,rlo,,O.,,eul 'a, i,ren.'ril.dd (until In n,, II,,,, a rine.r .osI nor.. 11,50 $2ilO,.r in. lIla., all 11)4Ito, ,l.',lIOIIII,, lIeI.gnll.a.Ctoneli.n,,I'r.'..l,ie,,l I.. Ir000C,'r ,,.,.lcr I', nIll,o,','. Federal. Slate, Aoll,,,rlly ,,fI,, '.0 liii. ,,r MighIOption.iI,'.ulog Of .1(010 etlh.n I I I.yriglIlii l,,rlS.'g.,vers,,.,eOl, wI,,,'1, t. hI,,-e0.,l,eras,' Iats,I ,ll,l not wl,l,'lixi, e d,'C,'n,IoI,Ii,erIIII 1.11 gruni.,g 0II0 ,,wnC,I I tI>of 'nh, 10'' 104* 24, 11112 added the iro.Aitrudateol Oslo'. I. I Al 1'.'r,il,,rili11.0 S,-,-r,'t,,- r > ,g,-,,,'ieo 11.1.-. if -'0.1)01,.qgrI,',,Itla,,,Io lire ,lel.'gute.iacquired lo nuder I> I. lIptinna llrifCl,,Ih,,-r,'',,s 1- .1,1> (I $ . CiA NI' lOb,l.y peril ,,r allolotelIt 11111 l"2d 17 r,'ferre,IACrl.'ull oreto o,,,lthong, of Na.,.. II, .01.0CC l'or,'stry il.. 17o,.11l, 5e),II IC,.,,,, wao al,,,li,i,,',i 0 the lneoale, .,,,,ler11111,o,'slionlie A,I.,,l,,l..I 1(14) ru).'r"C 110 1 l!e,,.'rai''nI N.,.hIdOO, $e,vls','.., lull ocr22. 311 o-.'hl,,u, (a) if I'll 0.113117. oC 'rul,. 3, Tho I'renI sI-I oil an a a,.te 1101,.,r(,'uih.Ifc, a,,,t,,ua.'Iflgi,au,lownern' ,',,o,'ohiuIt',Il loIter. oC 10 Sl'.r,'lafy ,,f Ag- given lnitc.l SIde, 10 l.,,d c,,naervut I.,., porohan.' 3 'l'h.e 11,11,1 StOIC.,Iiiol.l ,,u,,(ng of nehi.aia.,,1 a.,dNNY40aaie,i-oil.. rcplare,I CreN efC,n:llvethe I,)olrll(ou, tllo,,,liog Felt Itulea the Co ao,i Ii, 11111 ,r,'olrvIt,. oa Apr)C iI,e S,',nle, >4.0 lt,lle ''C I I.e d,-ul 1ni.11ag Ialghln-or'tl'ny,"a lull(s) .0 I',,), I. 91-5111, cov.'pt so I'r,,v ioi,,a. lie 'f hi,,.,reaaOl.ai,l,lu,r.je,-1ll.eir w,'nlanda . IneCCO, C.,r no' II,, I..10 te,n,tt,SIQ 01,11,111 1,5 groo.sd of g000rollleni" ,I,'lay In donclullIng I rifle." II Il,,noC lt,'purlI,,lsl,'re,I 1,01,1 m,',st lhrough uC SoilAgrieslltare C,,anert.LI,,a oiler set- 8.rvl,',' 1011 ,I cci len hone r,'ner% log to I tilted f hill. 11110 nn,t lea,,',I en Iteorgnalaalulorlyno ao,end,',l los l.y Me,uaI,' Itesl,lulIol. 4 tiled a. AUleo,io,entn ha 'Couninill,'e oC Hyslell,1011 'I, ,-o,,,lI,,'rlalnlllg r,,,,lI.e HeIr.') ar a. to ,,Cfe,-1"C 11,11 Agrl.',,llurerlgl,lo oC wa), hue aulhlorily ,lll,i,'r,,ol to 11,1, tIC 111,5,,soil,'.'agra-uleflua uC soil owners' g,,v,r,,,,eut'..ul.n.ql1l l,,IenI liii llaml - .u,n..,ariIy, l,uI,lll,,1hilUi0l I,, ler,,,luale i,r.'na.',t>4101,'. 50 It..' rIgIsI II, l,,Ierenl .,n'I(,,ll 1010 of I hi, Ill Ic, I,, a. h,r,,les'l I ,. C ,,,aliil,,lo III.' l."I('' 0,-li,,,. Isn,l sillapproved uie,i Cr I'd,. ''I oiled 4, 1017. ''I',,111.1 (l,'d 141010. IllahIlairul,'' vo,,,o,io.i,,oer'' 05N till 'I'll,o',-ll,,n, I.- 42, 101,11,' A,iJa,lmeot of Hel.a.hI.a 010011. Groat So','l,,,l,' Icr no',-li,,n 1101 1945, of an,Ialllallogplalae.l,u,,,11,00n delay ,,C Illoev,'u owner. .11,1111110 was u,lrcael.nal.11' 1,0Cm sa C,,ur pm.s'ee.liIlg.a,,,,li,a o,ore to l..Core' 1011111 ,M'rvll,g la,,do In Anh.o'kI,.a,i,li N,hI.h0411, ,,,, .,.tI, 1011 loud l".2d 451 en)..) ,,,lefe,oIn,,I hlrlffllt v rnlolog tI. I), CI' lIt.' etl'ille14151Ii. oo aol,...'. illOiv, I (Cl pur0000t 10Mu,' S'ul, vhapter I.,40211.112), 43 )oe.-tion (k-i. II, 19014, 40-8111, 1131 142 j,inllInnOdiop 1.001 3110, 36 $101 "C Illnp04et, II,,' 1112, >41-1,0,1100 Martin grill I,ro.i,lcd Cur tileAl-I 1,1 Aug II. ugr.'tlnclIle,,,,,llerIsle Ill'noC law. a,. no an to i,r.nllIhc govern- ,',,Curs'cI,,eIil I ,,,aI,,.' of 1.11,10Ii In n,,,l, v. 141,11.C ,r,,vl,,l,,I0,I' A ,trk 1)111. II)ru"I.l I..,, )',,,,greno I,aa en1,reo.Iy grus,h-.iho .,0li,,r l,roICt'I jri*tit,Igahe'hI 1,111,11g,,,,'r,,l,,csIl Coo l,r,,l,',llo,, un,I 1,7 Mci r.'lar, lo,,,in. of I'r,n'r duet ltfCaetiv, I ,.r l'iIIe 20, Judlriory sad JodI' al 1104. ci 1011 161-113 Ao,e.4m.ol. eCC,-,-Iive I,i.l,,ryl,,,,.a,Iary11012 slid Iilnl,,lleo i,orponeL.gh.Inll,m ll.M.C,,de IlI.l.ry - 'C l',,I, I. I-or 61-103.leginlalli 0,0' p. 1.140lr,,,-,'.',hi,III. P'.24 11)1. I' viee,,,,,ervsst.tsri,oll,lr" ,-,uIif n"l efC,n'1011l i,,,,.? i,r ol.lcl Inksa fl.lIn,'ltuI'lC II,, I I,,eo,sn 1s,,,l. ,imler t.n.t lice ,-,,.,gr.'.ui"ltOi lI,ieltl. 115-113,11,1,A llle,,,lnleal I, apt11171. oil1 'ly ow' os's-tin l'ul, I. 5 a,,Ie 11011 tinder ''C ,.e.-l(,,I,1.11.1, 211112 11,1,15 lIe., al.,. I',) 111111 a,..l A.I,., Now., p. 310111; (''1g. nod Aduu,New,,, I. 87 .861). 1992 tIll I',,l, lustily re.nluhl,,,,,iI',lariIigl7,'aslflg rIghIa 101,11 I. H"l'I'- 0)111, nCCir,,m'.v ,,,.'.i l"r,'e,o,l,,. 41111 1,2,1 3)43l,,('.Arh 111111, 270 F 1)4-5111,131(1 "C 11,10 III),' lIon logo I'm. loin..., i,,,.,f,,r 0n apl,llcal,I,. ho It,'i,00 I I.> I In loot, I',,), I',,.).7,,-.I. I.II. 1.011 0,1,1 A,lu,.N,-u'o, p 4318,1*11-531,111-343, 1070 U.l4,Code C,,og, n,,,l Ad,,,I,. (114, 11.14 l',.,ln l'..og,I'll,, and I, .'.'l'. 14) Till>. 114111 I'ul.. III) 'it,I 0KO an,h i,WIlIlltlIl( .1,01 I,, run p.'ru,.11,alan,-, r,,e,l11116, cc.' 46,1, oC rigl,lo0Cway, notonl,,,lt,lI. ole, ealaIl,,g Icr.,, 11.01 hug toll,-, nO.11,,,, 1701 a.,y v.11,1t,.I.,, I,.11,1 C TIll, Ieaoe. can- 21. I'll,'New., I.('.ng. sad Am. Ne,,.. p lil'lI3, l0fl 1174 C,.,le ("ox 01,1 Al,.,i'- 1104 34-41; l'oi, I.. 02-410, 1141; 11112 U 1) Secretary§ 1012. shall pay toAs the Boon county as practicable III after the payments to counties end of eachwhich calendar any year. land theis held by the 43, I'ohIh,- i.,odn. 514 I' year.Secretaryreceived under by the this Secretary subchapter. from 25 Perthe usecentum In case the land Is situated in more 515 of the land during llth('h than one county, theof the et revenues 'I 7 § 1012 FARM TENANCY Ch. 33 Ch. 33 FARM TENANCY 7 § 1013a amount to be paid shall be divided equitably among the respective counties,Payments to counties under this section shall be made on Historical Nole the condition that they are used for school or road purposes, or C.dlfIe.Ilnn.5.'tl,,t,. wi,),t, Iuln,,.et itp-,-reiary of AgrIculture ut,dtr tile lI.,,k both.This section shall not be construed to apply to amounts re- out no net,tion 478. of Tilt,'tO. (',,linerVn tt,-u,l-Jo,wo Y.rni Ten.nI Act. Silo. WOO ItOl Colt-led a..tort ofti., ceived from the sale of land. lt.u,khnd lines Form Tt'n.nt Act stilt-ti Shin;.Pr.nl.t.nn. At,,l.,,lttiet,tt,y I.104-270 t,,,l to l,,',',,nnlrti,',i On len July 22, 1937, c. 617. Title Ill, § 33,60 Stat. 526. ,',,nnitl tIlls 0 n,nJ..r'0 it ,f I mb,I,ni.i,-,.,,,btintlug ui,ntldlens,'. prrtmlt, I,.it'nI ISIS A.nd,000S.I'ot, I.104 -5711 ..st,,il- eniotbltg"Ii11.1 21. 11178.01w nOt,' Repeals I ,,tC,t i,rovtntot,n lot t lt.fit I,Ii,,-t,r'.,-' Ire ,','ll'.,, 17111 of'lilt,.43. I'ot.li,' It,,. I.i.ilc.I.Ie I,,,i,'olrttnt b,,nof''n,, 74;..tet,, Section repealed by Pub.L. 94-579, Title Vii, § 706(a), Oct. sites ,,f 1,0,-to ,,f 2nt loitni Im'.,t,'ot l,eginln(i,rIlinlopy. l-',,n teC0.Ill Ii.' 1.11,10it,'dunks '.rII,.' rips.,, ,-,,,,l 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2793, effective on and after Oct. 21, 1976, l,,otorynutt,,trt,.,oeofi'oi,.i, ?I5--5i10. Weot,-roKt.trn,furt,r,,,lsbot,oii,', t lug 0,i'(Oil Is I'odo C,o,g.tn,t,8,Io, N,.wo. insofar as applicable to the issuance of riphts-o f-way over, fort iiIt,,- i,r,e,i.,r,-ont't,ti,-ni'l,-I ,,,Ieoiit Mm-,-, tin,,,I'n IiI.. ml-- 2711, huh null,,,,ofi,,*noll,-fr,,,,,p.,,,i,,,it,,n.t upon, under, and throuph the public lands and lands in the (I ,(',,ie (.'ong.nt,,tA,I,,,.N,-wo.t'-$1175. National Forest System. f,trc,t Inlet-. ,,r to mite n,ti,,,,,l,4,',,d I.,It,,' Library References HIiloulcsl Note Agrl,-,,It un' I' J.M Ai,'''''i II,,,,, 5 1 8ui1. Pr.,t.Ion..llt'peolI,)I',.i,.L. aol.(llt; aighIn-of-wa,.Provi.ton. of 104-5711. lonof.r nn ppilcul,le to the loon-neilion 705).) of Pnb.L. 54-579, eocept a. once,,frighi..of-w.y.nottoI,.con-t,ert.IfllnII,.ri;htn-ofmay,notInI,. strurd no terltitnotin;nfl,YntId k-One. eonnlrue,i on .ffeiting, the o(hority of § 1013. Oniitted permit. p.ient, etc, ololtn; "0 (lit.21. tIm 8.,'relury of A;rltntturr under this 1918, 000 0010 oudereettonlot of Titir.yttlonn.etote undereciion 1701of Ilislorical Note 43. I'obIIe t.ondn TitIn 43.I'oi,IIe t.nndo In,illh.tlot,. Mo, .', Ar) JIllr, tl:il. II - n I,ho, II,,, .00 0)I I,,.,-,,,l.1rIo,-,,) Sb;.liii,.lit, ii.3, MI,,).5711. ri Llbr.ry keIcrences oi,t,n,,inIolI''o'. nod ,-oI'In"I 1,1 AgrIrOlton. 2 S Agrk,,flure S 8 § IOI3a. Benefits extended to Puerto Rico and Virgin J5- § IOI2a. Towusites lands; county defined; payments to Governor When the Secretary of Agriculture determines that a tract of Na- or fiscal agent of county tional Forest System land in Alaska or in the eleven contiguous The lIrovislolls ,,f this subchapter shall ext,'iid to Puerto Rico ai,i Western States is located adjacent to or contiguous to an estab- the Virgin lstati,ls.lti (lit' citse of Alaska, l'ut.'rto Rtco, and the Vur- lished community, and that transfer of such land would serve indig- gill Islands, the ti'rtn ''routity'' as used itt this subchat,ter mat' Ii,' eftous community objectives that outweigh tlte public objectives and the etttire area, or au Sit lid iv is tott thereof as may be dett'rmi tied by values whtch would be served by maintainittg such tract in Federal the Secretary, atid i,aytiietits under seuttoli 1012 of this title shall be ownership, he may, upon application, set aside and designate as a made to the Goveu-iior or to the fiscal agent of such subdivision. townsite an area of not to exceed six hundred and forty acres of Na- July 22. 1937, c. 517. Title Ill, § 35, as added Aug. 8, 1961, PuI,.l,. tional Forest System land for any one application.After public no- 87-128, Title III, § 342,75 Stat. 318. tice, aqd satisfactory showing of need therefor by any county, city. or ether local govertimental subdivision, the Secretary may offer hIstorIcal Note such area for sale to a governmental subdivision at a price not less EIf..,.il,,,unto.S....Ii,,,,,-ff,-.l,,,'IS). I.,-;lnlolt,,'lllolnrt . i-',,r l,'bol Ills.' than the fair market vulue thereof:Provided, however, That the IS, toil.I,,n,.,Il,,i, :sn,;,,rT III,'Ii.(''''I.- k) 'no,,t,,tl',irt,o.°O ,,f i,,l,t. 57-120, Secretary may condition conveyances of townaites upon the enact- ,,fl-'e,lrrolIl,-g,,I,,II,.o,. or,- t.1f.,II,,' 11011 IS l',yie(',.og.ii,lAuto For,, ment, maintenance,nd enforcement of a valid ordinance which as- it,,),'i,,,im, ,,,,.t,'r,,'rll.,n 11171.1 11,10 1,11.- sures ally land so conveyed will be controlled by the governmental subdivisioti so that use of the area will not interfere with the pro- tection. management, and development of adjacent or cotttiguous National Forest System lands. Pub.L. 85-569, July 31, 1958, 72 Stat. 438; Pub.L. 94-579, Title 11, § 213, Oct. 21, 1976,90 Stat. 2760. 16 517 I UNITED STATESCODE ANNOTATED I Title 7 Agriculture ** 281to 1099 1997 Cumulative Annual Pocket Part Replacing 1996 pocket part in hackof 1980 hound volume Includes the l.aws of (he 104th CoN (;ft ESS, Second Session (1996) }o( (lose of Notes of Decisions See page III For Later Laws and Cases Cons iiit USCA fnterim Pamphlet Service WEST PUBLISHING Co. ST. PAUL. MINN. 22 7 * 95Oaaa-3 AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE 7 * 1010 (ci Coordination wits other agencies HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES The Secretary shall coordinate, to the extent practicable, with other Federal and Slate PrIor Provision.. agencies with almUar grant or loan programs to pool resources for Itinding mentonous qualified service areas, mu, omitted in (he gen- A prIor .ectlou IOOaaa-6, Pab.L, 101-624. Ti- eral revision of thin chapter by sectIon 704 of propoaals In rural aless. tIe XXIII. I 28369. a. added Ptub.L I00-66I, Pub L 104-127. I ha), Oct 28. 1892, 100 Stat, 4008, and measid- Legislative Hiatory If) Infonnatlonal efforts i1 Puib.L. 100464, This II, I 286(b)t4)tC), Oct. For legislativ, history and pan.uaoe of Pah L. The Secretary shall establish and implement procedures to carry out infonuational IS, 1994, lOB Stat. 3, which related to .pscial 104-127, see 1890 U.S Code Cong. and Adm efforts to advise potential end users healed In rural areas of each State about the health care sad diahusics learning program for Nesa.,p OIl. program authorized by thu chapter. (Pub L. 101-624. TItle XXIII, I 2394, as added Puib.L. 104-127. TIUe VII, 9 704, Apr. 4, lSoe, ItO CHAPTER 32PEANUT STATISTICS Stat. IllI.) TermInation of Chapter 008 Repealed. Por pruvlsuoul relating to tenniantion of thu chapter, see section 1(6) of Pub.L 108-551, set out amnote under section DtOaaa of tltii title. 9 968.Repealed. Pub.L. l04-68, Title 1.1 DII 1(d). Dcc. 21, I996, 109Stat. 709 HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES Prior ProvIsion. grams, us. omitted in the general revsilon of HISTORICAL AND STATUtORY NOTES lid. chapter by .ectiou 704 of Pub 1.. l04-l27. Section, Pub L.l0l-624, TIUe XV, 0 1668. A pnor section tIhOaos-3, Pab.L, 101-.e24, TI on peanut sopurt documentation, ivcluiliog coon. Nov. 28,1992, 104 Slat. 3899, required Secretary try of origin, and submit report. annually not. tie XXIII, 9 2334. Not. 23, 1880, 104 Stat. 4019; LegislatIve halsey of Agaicultare to collect lntoematlun conlalced PubL IO3-364,TuUeII,9 230(bX4XB), (C), Ott. For legssl.Uve hlatoey sod purpi.e of Pub I,. sithalaisding certain confidentIality provisions 13, 1994, 108 Slat 3231, , which contained 106-127, see lOW I) S. Code Cong. am! Adsi. provi.ionu relating to lslaseanmnuuilcatlona pro- News,p OIl CHAPTER 33FARM TENANCY 995Oaaa-4.Regulations SUBCHAPTER IVGENERAL PROVISIONS Not later than ISO days after April 4, 1996, the Secretary shall issue regulations to Sec. carry out this chapter. Imso.Dsobw-slng and certityuig oMcers; es )PiabL 101-624, TIde XXIII, 9 3336.50 added Pab,I.. 104-127, Title VII. I 704, Apr 4. 1996, 110 mn$ion from liability for advances to Stat. 1112) deksiae ralacation coeporatio.sa. Tennination of Chapter Par ponn'zsioni relating to Irnsina41on of Orts chapter, nec SeCtIon 1(6) of SUIICIIAPTEIt ITENANT PURCHASE LoANS Pub.L. 108-551, sat out as a note under uction PSOaao of tilts title. AND MORTGAGE INSURANCE HISTORICAL. AND STATUTORY NOTES * 100gb.Cancellation of entry or purchaae upon loan del'aull; entryor resale; Prloc Provision. include, In study of effevic of iotornialion age cueiditloiiasatIsfaction of indebtedness technology on niral America, analysis of feaoibd- A pnor section 0004aa-4, Pub I.101-624, Ti- lIBRARY REFERENCES tle XXIII, 9 2336, Nov.23, IRl, 104 Stat. 4(01, ty of ersiulmig that nusl citizens in their homes and nrhoolu had ability to acquire, by computer. C.J.S. Agnculture II Oct sr,1. 25, SI, 17, 90, Pub L I(Y2-66I, 8 1(c), Oct. 28, lOW, 100 Stat. 108, 134, 176. 4I08Pab.L. 1(0-364, Title II, 9 E36)b))49C), Infonuation is a national library. saul specified (let. 13, 1994, 199 Stat. 3232, whIch related to contents of such analysis, mao repealed by ntis) community access to advanced teleco.nmu- Pub,L 104-127. Title VII, 0 708, Ape. 4. 1996. nications, was omitted in the general revision of 110 Slat. 1112. SUIICHAPTER lIlI.ANI) CONSERVATION ANI) L.AND IJTILIZATION this chapter by section 704 of Piab.L. 104-127. Leglalatise History 9 1010.Land conserv$tjon and land utilization Analysi, by 0111cc of Technology Assessment For legislative history anal porpoun of Pub.l.. The Secretary is authorized and directed to developa program of land conservatIon Section 2396 if Fob L 101-624. which pncoid- 1(14-127. see 19510Li S Code Coiig. and 9dm, and land utilization, in order thereby to correct mala4justments in landuse, and thus oil that OMen of Technology Ausenamnent was to News, p. 611 aosdst in controlling soul crouton, reluceatatisin, preserving naturalresources, protecting fIsh ansI wildlife, developing and protecting recreational facilitieo,mitigating floods, 954)aaa-5.Authorization uIspprtuprialione preventing impairment of duntu and reservoirs, developing energyresources, conserving surface and oulisurface moisture, protecting the watersheds of navigableolreanus, and There are authorized to be sppropnalad Lou carry out this chaptor $llJO,000,000 br protecting the public lande, health, safety, and welfare, but not to build induiatnallusrks each vi Iiscai years I996 through 2002 or establish private induotrial or commercial enterprises. (Pub,l.101-124. Thu XXIII, I 2335A, us ual,h'd l'oh I.104 127. 'lath' VII, I 7114. Apr. 4. lW,ui, liii lA. ansemied Dec.23, 1(051, Pub L 97-98, Title XV, 0 1513,96 Slat. 1333i Slat. 1112.1 Itepealo Termination of Chapter Sectttni repealed by Psub.L. 94-57* Title VII, il706(o), Oct 11, 1979, 90 Stat, b'or provi.a Ions retailing to ternuinalion of tilts chupter, see .vectlrnu 1(b) of 1793, effective on arid after Oct. 61, 1972, insofar as apptwul.ula to theusssuanl'c l'itb I.ltif- MI, set out out suite under sect ios y5lkuuo of this till..' of rtg(Us 'of-seesy otu, uspo,tinder, and fhrnugh the public land.. and lands in the Naluainoj Pored System. 184 185 7 0 1010 IIISTOMICAL AND I?ATVTOIY NOTEI AGRICULTuRE theAGRICULTuRE repsyment of the loan In not more than 30 year., with interest 7 01011 Mci. 4 lend&, leseurmeuhib1651 censenailtm lbs A-"---- Senate,, So and lbs lead esssdse mayPIiloL 57-IS at alms added lbs dsvstspmsig of sew- prnç.ms at Ness.VT-IS,Lagilatin. p. me 13Tf. 1151 Mibiy UFor Isgiekilve bite,7 and purpose of Pok,.L Cede Ceeg. and Mm. withinnearestperiod,ezcesd 6 tothe 1011year.. maturity current percent, comparablemarket yield to(or the outatandJng average maturity municipal (or obligationsthe loan, sdjmited with In providIng aesietancs for canylng out plan, developed under this Repayment of prhncigaJ and interest on such loans shill begin at a rate not to remaining to the mit26.Ett.ctivs as1651. a miteDual me sectIon.11151Amendment 1801Aaada.ug at Psbj by Pob.L.fl-IS, s 57-IS sgucun. Dec. w asc_aa 4331 .1 5335 She. otherconsiderationwildlifeeMsmibchapt, Federal of installingor programrecreatlonatheof national Secretary any wicks nsede shall of and Improvementbe aas.tanc.authorIzed suthos'lte.japplicable to bear such to(or public similar water-based fish and developmentP0'o014.d, Thatas I alldetermined engineering by and hIm other to betechnjcaj equitable assistance In proportionate ahsrs of the pizpnses under aicrga1a.l1l.ConaervatloeMznlnlstation of lends by Forog $orsjmi me flood CODE even1leeOF flDUAL reojecte, IZGULA?IoIsg 16.ietss Hop rsqulrnoi.nu, use 7 CFK etc me 7 otheraThatmats plan when erasrelating developed Inchudeda Stat, to michunder or otherIn devslopme,gthisa plan publIc subchapter for agency public may agreee water-basedor be local borneto noaprooperate by Sob Ui. and and Secretary: maIntain wildilfe Pruv.dJictg.,., organimliosi psrticlpatls.,g In any reservoiror recreational or openition,etc.,ses7CFKEnvlctiemsomi IsildsIleeu, SoS. water and related rs.oesres data .latsei. 7 11 150.1 at Cfl CIII at ss ,. e,, op ofandorcoitsdevelopment, suchother (hi of(s) mlnlmwnreservoir public the land, theagency orbasic Secretary eaeeme,other orfacilitiss arealocal shall fornonprofit needed muchbe authorized purpoese:fororganizatIon public to health bear faa' andnot arch tosafety, reservoirexceed one-hall of or rights-of-way acquired or to be acquired by the State access to, and use or other area, the balancedconasrvatlon,I loloa. niralban use, andgrowth,In developaisal,recognItion for 11.ata&..tj0 of tea'the lnaaaalngguldsnes otpodms ofamid agriniltur, eosnsnunity for soil, producing waler, dsvskipm.nt and ares.related for that reaourcsa data for land publicofshalt Improvementwater-based the Secretary fish (or shareandeach wildlife eeventy.flv,any portion or recreational thousandof the coat development saws of installiu,g in ahall be cw.siaes any project; and that any such more than one such work That in no event t with degradationdaagee,programSecretaryshould be toflood ofprotected,Indude, of Agriculture plainthe environment but Identification andnot Is be fordirected limited misresulting and Ii to,topretscting utliinstloo, caroy atudJesOem Improperouct andthe land a survey.qualityland uus use Inventory cbangu,at itof aol, theemaloe water,environment, andand and trends, andmonitoring asdiment related and the sharingdeteimiusespurposesany assistanceexisting of that theconipsalienslve for LandIt cannotany and such be Waler provideddevelopme,g statewide ConservatIon under outdoor shall other beFund recreationexisting authorize,j Act authority.of 1966;plan only found ifand the that Secretaryadequate such cost- (or (As aaieedsd l°b:L se-rn, Titi, I, I ISIS., Oct. IS, 1510,04 Slat. 2637.) UI8TOIICAI. AND BTATUTUEY HOTEl Till,lAc onwuided V1l,i l9lta). No, Ill2. Stat,1094, 1161.)Pssb.L 100-437, 9 44sitI) (S IlIlFOElcAl. ANDmain STATUTOIIY volum, fin' NOTES leaf of (I) av4 (F). Its Slat. 1061; Apr 1, 1906, Pub L 104-127, (/.)J Secretaryian Assendsiest Issus at setPob.L. Is. then 91-470 An..yssr Shuck Isur- out proo4elen that lbs Oil Nuse,91-410,Lagislative p.4573. me Husssey ian UI. CodeFor Cmp. I*iss,. sod bite,7 Adsi. sat of POb.L. tutedISIS A lossAmendmeml undo, thisSubs., subsection let shall be Pub L. 104-127, 9 ?Vl(s), substi- forloan redemptionaton is themale,ISa bsginn,.gmarbeishle which for IS are ofyearn public theneither fiscalfrom obhgsuans due dote year so,' of in callableoutstandingIssue.' which the 33 CFJI 2111 at seq.Adnunlatrutlo,, of lands by Fo,ml Su'nlos, s. CODE OF IEDEtAL BEGULATIONS cra 113.1 at seq. Fleet materIals censors. operation, etc., me 7 tosloeappropelate,lermsmail, e*eesd thanusder sad theconditiomi10 s to,' contractyost.,current the repsy,oeig withas marketthat the Interest peovidsa, Sso'stary yield of the atfor sods,'s consiulejeloanoutstand- rate In sonnot not toted1094 "Committee Amendaijinto an ACflcul(ag,,Sstaec. I.) Nutrition, and Pub L 1111-437, 0 1(stl), out.aU. Environmental guldeitnes, use? CFR 150.1 at rercest."tar10log maturitythemunicipal loan, for compsrsjule 'i,esno oblIgatIonsadjusted wider to mlii thisthethe semsisijig su-seege subsectionesaseso rssluhtyperiods I shall of I sectionSeeForestry" (lunge or which (orName "Ce,n4tte, reqsfr4 note set Sm on out Agflcu)lu,echan.ge under thisIn teat.and 11011. Powers of SecreLuy(e) To cooperate of Agricultisra with Federal, Stata, terrftoe'l.l, and other public agencisa and local (S.. mui* mibassas r I of (it) to (4)1 tory sods,'bedeems miii, such. 5101crsiqeopriste larnu csntt.cta sod Conditions which mUmi the provide, Secre- (Os' the epeyment Legtslsllne historyFur le57alativ, hlatouy sod psipoor of Ptib.L. andequacuitur.lutiti,atbonnonprofit local organizations public or puzpceea, $sns agencies for lbsIn to developing seeM cosiamivatloss,and locaj lii carrying plansnanpeofl for dsvslops.e,g,out a os'ganisllona suchprcsj.zn plans of and landby ilsalgasted meansutilization conservation of liens ofby wale,' thesod to State Stateland for lacyatthero.j the of so...g. inthe not Tteassry, rate,nose as than determinedpeyalule 34 ream, by by thewith the Tteassry liulece.t Serge- CODE OF FEDELi, 11EGIJL3TIONS U.SNews,100-437, Code p 1639 see Cong 5094 sod U.S. /uhn Cod, News, Cong. ptlI. sod Ado. Se., also, Potu.L 104-127, 1056 anisnslsthisandlegislature subsection,subchapter,factors or or plants.affecting, the the andGovernor, term toand disseminate 5aquacuiume the to methods conduct kifcmnatlnn asrvey.at accamplihirig aid cospjng Investigations neat these effectively activates. relating the to As porpoise condidoos used las of loans to Slats and local public agenclsa sod to local nonprofit meana the culture or huabsndo7 of equetic Mining, operations, etc ace 35 CVR 261.1 at NOTES OF DECISIONS suchdisapprovedorganizationsbe plane, made or (orwithin shallby any the 46 singlebe Governor days made loan by, icilyunder theIf there Stat, this Inn subsectionagency such Statehaving In eacesa agency. supervisory of No$0410,000 appropriation responsIbility unleas shallsuch over loan If such plans have been submitted to. and not 4.Open 'sop. Open range I apes(siesta,(edmol range lawsince eoorrnloglaw such (rdrrsl gTating law oaem.j,o In (hr Outi,,flol Orrgos. bIhh,rbs,b v 519, 15(0,'. provides,Representatives.si,dhe., iwenFurnstry sp.rovedunder of such the by Senatetermsre.olutloosa and and condition, adopted lbs Coonmlttse byen thethe CoennslttesSecretary on Agriculture considers on Agriculture, of appropriate, the HouseNutrition. (or1 of, A loan under this subsection shall be made under a contract that 188 under (began law dueNotional to pervsslo, rumsu sod ., detailedOregon ass not apes range 187 1565, 068 FSspp, 265. ) APPENDIX K OF PART 213-ADMINISTRATIONTHE LANDS UNDERTITLE IH OF FARM TENANT BANKHEAD.JONES ACT BY THEFOREST SERVICE Sec. admtDistracon. andde 213.1 DeEgn*tlon. vejopment of NftttoaaLGr&esand3. Forest Service. 213.2 Aithoitty (orCkte(. grU5 group. ieflne. andname natonai land3. § 213.3 Forsst Service, USDA CoiaUss aSrS 10- 213.3Protection. occupancy. use. adzninis- SINs ii afld Q? tratlOn. and exercise of reservations. 213.4Prior rules and reuAati0n5super- Uws - AuoRrrY: 50 Stat. 525. as amended: 7 U.S.C. 1010-1012. *213.1 D.sIgnntio. admInl.tr*t1O. and devlopmsnt of National Gras.- The land utilization proect5 ad- ministered by Department ofAgri- culture designated In paragraph (e)of this section hereafter shall benamed and referred to as NattonalGrasslands. The National Grasslands shall be Tsz a part of the NationalForest system D. and permanently held by theDepart- ment of Agriculture for administration Gruy. under the provisions and purposesof CL C title Ill of the Bankhead-JOfleSFarm Cc NL Tenant Act. shall be (0) The National Grasslands amended at 27 .Aniinistered under sound and prOs-- [25 FR 5845. June 24. 1960. as FR 12217. Dec. 11. 196t 28FR 6268. June 19. sive principles of land conservationand 1976: 56 FR 8280. multiple use, and to promote develop- 1963: 41 FR 38164. Sept. 9. ment of grassland agricultureand sue- Feb. 28. 199U tamed-yield management of the forage,§ 213.2 AuthOrityforChief,Forest fish and wildlife, timber, water and rec- Service, to group, define,and name reational resourcesin the areas of national grasslands. which the National Grasslands are a The Chief. Forest Service, isauthor- part. ized to group the nationaLgrasslands In the administration of the Na- define. shallintoadministrativeunits, tional Grasslands the resources change or modify theirboundaries, and be managed so as to maintain and Im-to provide suchspecific designations prove soil and vegetative cover,and totherefor as he finds necessarYand de- demonstrate sound and practical prin- sirable for effective andeconomical ad- ciples of land use for the areas in whichministration thereof and forpublic and they are located. The Chief of theFor- est Service shall, to the extent such ac-official reference thereto. tion is feasible provide that policies for [33 FR 12370. Sept. 4. 19681 manAgement of the Federally-owned ProtectiOn' occupanCY, use, ad- lands exert a favorable influence for se- * 213.3 of res- curing sound land conservation prac- ministration' and exercise tices on associated private lands. ervations. National Grasslands in the follow- (a) The rules and regulationsapplica- thg States and counties are herebyble tO the national forests asset forth grouped and designated as indicated: in title 36. Code of FederalRegulations. or as hereafteramended, supplemented. or promulgated. arehereby adopted as the rules and regulations togovern the Baa. VailsySsLyOu. conveyances Wuód. exercise of reservations in BL LOS MISL to the United Statesand to prevent ot. trespasses on and otherwiseregulate OneiQi. Po. the protection, use. occupancY.and ad- CImsni iion. Stesn5. Grass- o Daw. Sioux. ministration of the National Collax. Ka2q. lands and all other landsadministered MarS. Union. by the Forest Serviceunder the provi- Cew A GraM. nOUL Bankhead.JOneS Raiacm. Rdilwid. sions of title Il of the 33 36 CFR Ch.11(7-1-96 Edmon) 213A 15 prac- Farm TenantAct insofar as consistent withsaid act: Pro- tical and Service officers may vzded.That Forest to continue underdelegated authorityto acquire lands, tomake exchanges, and enter intoleases, grant easements contracts and permits,agreements, understandinginvolving memoranda ofsuch terms andcond.t- such lands under fees tlons and forsuch consideration,mof or rentals asauthorized by title the said Act. reservations (b) Existingvalid rights, leases,permits,agree- easements, and memorandaof ments. contractsaffecting theselands understandingin fufl forceand effect shall continue valid in accord- so long asthey remain ance withthe terms thereof. (Z7 FR 9217. Sept.18. 19621 regulations su. § 213,4Prtor rule, and in § 213.3, the rules Except as provided for and regulationsheretofore issued the land utilizationprojects are hereby superseded as toall such projectsad- ministered by theForest Service,but not as tosuch projectlands adxninis- tered by otheragencies. (?T FR 9217, Sept.18. 1963] APPENDIX L 1 10: William L. Evans, Director Range Management Division Forest Service Attention: Bob Williamson James P. Pry Deputy sst'stanGeriejaj otzisel Natural Resources Division St2JECT Description of Legal Relationship Between Grazing Associations and the Forest Service Ptirswjnt to your request, we have looked at the responsibilitiesof grnzing associations and the Forest Service inan effort to state a general legal description of that relationship. Qir description is only a generalizati and does not purport to cover speci f ic agreements. Each agreement betwe the Forest Service arid an association is differentas are each association's constitution, bylaws and rules of menagement. State laws under which associations are organized alsovary. The associations are organized under state laws of incorporationand/or cooperatives. The corporation is a separate legal entity frcri its azLers who have limited liability for corporate debts and obligations. Management and control is centralized in the hands of the board of directorsand officers. Officers and directors are subject to certain fiduciary duties and responsibilities owed to the corporate entity and the rrzbers. Generally, these fiduciary duties includea duty of due care by which the directors are expected to exercise good business judgnt andto use ordinary care and prudence in menagement,a duty of loyalty whereby the officer carmot personally profit at theexpense of the corporation (an unfair, personal transaction with the corporation profitingan officer can be held void in certain situations) anda duty to protect the interests of the other intracorporate parties. Limits on authority of directors and officers are usually specified in the articles of incorporation and bylaws. State statutes grant broad powers to corporations and the corporatepowers mey be explained or limited by the articles of incorporation. vbst jurisdictions recognize that corporations enjoy iriplied pers to do all things reasonably necessary to carry out their stated businesspurposes. Al 1 jurisdictions recognize the corporate power to sue and be sued in its corporate name. For a grazing association to be recognized by the Forest Service and eligible to sign a grazing agreement, basic requirnts niist be met. a majorityof individuals - :.:.:. 22.7(a)(3)(i)( of the association, -. .:otments) riiist be merrers g-r:.- han the Secretaryand Treasurer trustbe grazing on the of fcis ,theraj'-otment(S), officersniiSt be electedby a majority of the jiVOjEC 1'DJ'.T? specified quonlfl aridthe association rrListbe gccitic'fl retteror by a to arid approved bythe governed by a constitutionarid bylaws acceptable Forest Seisor. the authorizedassociation officerand the Forest The docrent sied bycalled a grazing andanagient agreøflnt.This Si.ervi sori s general ly permit fran theForest Service docutent essent4.al!Yconstitutes a grazing within the pertinent to the associ'A'n asto NationalForest Systn lands and private Dy joiningoverall rnariageTentof adjacent public allottrEnt(5). efficient arid soundresource maflagTntis intended to grazing lands, nxre the association asslxrFsresponsibilitY result.Pursuant to theagrenent duties for theallotment(s). for various anthistrativeand managementassociation and notfrom the Forest ienbers are issuedpermits frai the individuals cannotexceed Service.Perr.its issued bythe association to Service and the the tr periodof the agreementbetween the Forest association. through the associationand AmDer'S grievancesrr.ist be addressed The rnErbers do have arrdy pursuant to ridiesprovided by statelaw. federal regulationsanalogous toshareholder rnedies as a group under law in that theForest Supervisor maywithdiaw under state corporate would nullify theagreønentwhere a reco?lition of theassociation, which myt,ers request thatthE njority of theassociation grazingpermittees or See 36 C.F.R.§ 222.7(a)(4).Reco?lition association be dissolved. becc(Tles inactiveand does not mee1 also be withdrawnwhere the association two-Year period. in annual orspecial rretiflgsduring a consecutiVe mist be addressed of the ForestService with rrrber5 Servie has a In turn, grievances the entity withwhich the Forest throu1 the association, actions which areof concern violatet legal relationshiP.If a nther'sand the association,the associatiol) agreuneflt betventhe Forest Service acted.The in violation ofits agreallentif it has not ny be considered and riits ofthe Forest Serviceand associatic specific responsibilities grazing and rTImgeflentagrel1efl outlined by theparties in the fins are those Forest Serviceand the association, Under this agrerT1tbetween the lands involvedin the authority for any useof NationalForest Systfl agrent restswith the ForestService. association arrangIentcan be fomdI The details of aspecific grazing legul authorizatio several doctuEflts.The Articlesof Incorporation areArticles of association pursuantto state law. to form a grazing contain the corporatenane, theassociatiOn purpos Incorporation usually place of business,and registered agent and piers,duratiOn, structure, thgs wi 11 becalled, uibershipfees, The bylaws generallYstate how imetauthority of directorsand officers. and the election,ccxi,ensation, andwrites associationpolicies to cc' In addition, theassociatiOn nornlly and so forth. nre detail onoffice procedUre5standing cannittees relationshIP withthe ForestService Specific inforrimtion onthe legul The agrentstates th fomd in the Grazingand ManagntAgreTent. purpose and objectives of the agreement. the responsibilities of the Forest Service and the association, the joint Forest Service andassociation responsibilities, the term of the agrei1ent and provisions fortermination and amenãrnt.Each agreent provides that the agreement is subjectto all rules and regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture and theagreenent rry be revoked or suspended for noncarp ii ance.The agrenent also cont ais- the riiitually agreed upon rules of nr1aganent by which all association controlled lands are operated.Additional Forest Service policy on grazing. agrenents ny be fotud in Part 2237 of the Forest Service Manual (FTh1). Under the decentralized organization of the Forest Service, internal direction for Forest Service personnel is published ina national Forest Service Manual with more specific guidelines published by each of theten regional offices as to forests within that particular region. In siinnary, two separate legal relationships exist imder themanagnent tool of grazing and managiient agreents with recognized associations. The relationship between the Forest Service and the association has separate and distinct responsibilities ind duties.Conplernentary but distinct frcm this relationship is the relationship between the association and its individual menbers with its acccirpariying responsibilities and duties. R. More J. Perzy R. Fi1er Ooin. 1e c1iron. 1e OGC:NRD: REMore: Ig1/21/83 Questions arid Answers Implementation of Public Law 104-19, Section 504 October . 1995 What is a "National Forest System unit?" A. A "National Forest System unit" as that term is used in Section 5O4(a)- is an administrative unit of the National Forest System (NFS) which is governed by a land and resource management plan (LRMP). 36 CFR 219.4 (b)(3) When will the allotment analysis schedules be issued? A. The allotment analysis schedules will be issued by December 31, 1995. How many schedules will be required? A. One schedule is required for each NFS unit where allotments exist which require National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) analysis. These schedules will be stand alone documents. Must each schedule be identical or similar in their handling of allotments or the time frame in which the NEPA analysis must becompleted? A. By December 31, 1995, schedules for all allotments needing NEPA must be issued. NEPA must be completed on all allotments listed on the schedules within 15 years. This is a maximum time period. The actual length of the schedule could be shorter, depending on the number and complexity of analyses that need to be completed. This does not necessarily mean that the schedules will disappear in 15 years. Allotments will be added to the schedule in the future if conditions change to the extent that a new analysis is needed. The schedules will provide that not more than 20 percent of the allotments on them undergo NEPA analysisand decisions through September 30, 1996. The schedules will list allotments, in priority order, by3year periods, that is 1996-98. 1999-2001. and so on. Why 3 year periods instead of' yearly? The schedule needs to provide for some annual variation, which is not predictable at this time, for differences in the complexity of the inventory, analysis, and decisionmaking process for each allotment. How does the Forest Service interpret which allotments needNEPA? A. NEPA is needed if: there is no existing completed NEPA analysis; the permit terms and conditions are being implemented yet monitoringindicates that Forest Plan or an existing NEPA decision requirements arenot being met; monitoring indicates tFat vegetation trend is notmoving toward or meeting the described desired condition in the Forest Plan orexisting NEPA decision; analyses required under the Endangered SpeciesAct, National Historic Preservation Act, Clean Water Act, or other relevantenvironmental Questions and Answers 2 laws are needed; or a proposal is made to change the authorized grazing activity from that covered by an existing NEPA analysis. 1-low is the schedule affected by permit expirations and waivers? A. The schedule should include all allotments needing NEPA, thus a permit expiration or waiver should not affect the schedule unless an applicant for a new permit proposes changes from an expiring or waived permit that are outside the existing rIEPA analysis. Then the allotment would be added to the schedule. Changes proposed by an applicant that are outside the scope of existing analysis could not be implemented until a new analysis is completed. Will allotments undergoing rIEPA analysis as of the date of issuance of the schedule (no later than December31, 1995)be included on the schedule? A. Yes, as discussed in#6above, an allotment is in need of NEPA analysis until such time as the associated analysis and decision has been completed. As discussed in #18 below, the NEPA analysis for a given allotment is completed when there is final agency action. Thus, if the NEPA process for a given allotment(s) has been initiated but there has been no final agency action as of the date on which the schedule is issued, but no later than December31, 1995,the allotment(s) must go on the schedule regardless of how far the agency has gone in the NEPA process. 9 Should allotments be included on the schedule if the NEPA analysis was completed after the date of enactment of the Rescission Act (July27, 1995 but before the date of issuance of the schedule (no later than December3 1995)? A. Strictly speaking, allotments should only be listed on the schedule if they need NEPA analysis. If the NEPA analysis for a given allotment(s) was completed prior to the date of issuance of the schedule, further NEPA analysis on that allotment(s) is not needed and it should not be included on the schedule. However, allotments for which the completion dates of the rIEPA analysis occurred between the date of enactment of the Rescission Act and the date of establishment of the schedule must be identified for purposes of calculating the 20 percent cap on completionof NEPA analyses through FY1996that is specified in the Rescission Act. If a unit has one or more allotments that fall into the latter category,it would be appropriate to develop a schedule that lists the allotmentsfor which NEPA analysis is needed as of the date of issuance of theschedule and include a footnote, asterisk or some other notationidentifying those allotments where the rIEPA analysis was completed between July27and December31, 1995. The notation would specify that these allotments, although no longer needing NEPA analysis, will be used to calculate the 20 percent cap on NEPA analyses through fiscal year1996. Questions and Answers 3 ho approves the schedules? A. The Forest Supervisor will approve the schedule. May a schedule be amended? A. Yes. However, once the schedule is established, any amendments to it should be made judiciously in light of the Section 5O4(a) requirement that the Forest Service "adhere" to its schedule. Must the schedule-be published in the Federal Register for notice and comment? A. No. Is this schedule available to the public? A. Yes. Will the schedules be subject to administrative appeal? A. No. The establishment of a schedule and the priorities for completing NEPA analysis under 5O4(a) are not appealable under current Forest Service regulations,36CFR 215, 217, or 251. Could the Forest Service be held liable under the Administrative Procedures Act (APA) for violating Section 504(a) based solely upon theestablishment of schedules? A. No, unless the schedule exceeded the 20 percent limit on completing NEPA analysis and decisions through fiscal year 1996. The schedules required under Section 5O4(a) are agency actions "committed to agency discretion by law" and thus not reviewable under the APA. Must we complete NEPA analysis for 20 percent of theallotments for each National Forest System unit by the end of fiscal year1996? A. No. The 20 percent figure is an upper limit through September30, 1996. As of October 1,1996,there is no limitation on the number or analyses or decisions that can be completed in one year, except asprovided in the units' schedules. When do the provisions of Section 5O4 expire? A. Section 5O4 does not contain an expiration date andwill apply until it is repealed or amended, except as noted in question16. Question and Answers 4 When is the NEPA analysis and decision completed for purposes of Section 504? A. There are repeated references in Section 504 to the 'completion" of NEPA analysis and decisions. The NEPA analysis and decision is completed: for the purposes of Section 504 when the agency has finished all administrative action related to the decision on whether or not to authorize grazing on a given allotment. Thus, a completed NEPA analysis and decision is equivalent to final agency action and would include not only the issuance of the decision document but also the exhaustion of any administrative appeals related to that decision document. If a term grazing permit expires or is waived prior to the completion of the scheduled NEPA analysis, what terms andconditions willbe included in the new term grazing permit? A. Section 504(b) specifically states that the agency is to issue a new permit "on the same terms andconditionsand for the full term of the expired or waived permit." The new permits would include any modifications currently included in parts 1, 2, or3of the permitincludingthe allotment management plan and annual operating plan. Suspensions and or cancellations would be part of the new permit. May the terms and conditions in a new term grazing permit issued pursuant to Section 504(b) include standards and guidelines from the applicable forest plan if those standards and guidelines were not included in the expired or waived permit? If the forest plan is amended to include new standards and guidelines after the issuance of a new term permit subject Section 504(b), could the terms andconditionsof such a permit be change to include the new standards and guidelines? What about other changes brought about by compliance with other laws such as ESA, CWA, and NHPA? A. All existing permitscontaina clause stating, "This permit can alsobe cancelled, in whole or in part, or otherwise modified, at any time during the term to conform with needed changes brought about by law,regulation, Executive order, allotment management plans, land management planning, numbers permitted or seasons of use necessary because of resource conditions,or the lands described otherwise beingavailable for grazing." Consequently, the terms andconditionsof expiring permits and new permits issued on those same terms andconditionsare, on their face, subject to modification to correspond with, among other things, changesbrought about by amendments to the Forest Plan, a BiologicalOpinion,State water quality requirements, or implementation of National HistoricPreservation Act requirements. Questions and Answers May a term grazing permit, issued pursuant to Section 5O4, be cancelled, suspended or modified in response to resource conditions or violations of permit terms and conditions prior to the completion of the scheduled NEPA analysis? A. Yes. The Forest Service is authorized to take action against any grazing permit issued pursuant to Section 5O4, to cancel, suspend, or modify in accordance with the provisions of36CFR 222.4 where resource conditions warrant or for violations of the terms and conditions. Following the completion of the scheduled NEPA analysis, may the Forest Service cancel the new term grazing permit and refuse to issue another one based on the results of the NEPA analysis? A. Yes. The key feature of Section 5O(b) is that the grazing activity may be made to conform with the signed decision associated with the completed NEPA analysis. Consequently, if that analysis and decision indicate that grazing should be temporarily or permanently discontinued, the agency must be able to implement the decision by terminating the permit. Is the January 1995 strategy for evaluating allotments still valid? A. Yes, the strategy is still valid to the extent that it can be reconciled with the provisions of Section 5O of the Rescission Act. In both cases, the environmental effects of the proposed actions are related to the allotment and are resource based. In the first case where NEPA is focused on permit issuance, new permits should be issued in conformance with the NEPA analyses and decisions. Further analyses would not be needed for those allotments until monitoring, new information, or changed conditions indicate the need for new analyses or the allotment is to undergo analysis pursuant to the schedule required by Section 504. In the second case, the analyses for allotments required under Section 5O should focus on environmental effects of the appropriate proposed action(s). May units continue to "group" allotments for the purpose of analyzing the grazing activity pursuant to NEPA and other applicable laws? A. Yes. With the exception of the 20 percent cap through fiscal year 1996, there is nothing in Section 5O which would preclude units from following this practice which was recognized in the January 1995 strategy. What should the Forest Service do if a permittee submits an application for a grazing permit which has expired, and requests a newpermit in accordance with Section 50k? A. As instructed in a August 8, 1995, letter to the Regional Foresters, issue a new permit for the same term, and with the same terms and conditions as the expired permit, if the sole reason that a newpermit has not been issued is because the analysis required by NEPA andother applicable laws has not been completed. Questions and Answers 6 26. What should be the duration of a new permit issued under Section 504(b) resulting from a waiver? A. The term of the new permit should be the same as the term of thewaived permit. APPENDIX M Ur.ited States Forest Washington 14th & Independence SW Department of Service Office P.O. Box 96090 Agriculture Washington. DC 20090-6090 File Code: 1510 Date: October !4,1995 Route To : 2230 Subject: P.L. 104-19, Section 504 To: Regional Foresters. Regions 1 through 9 REPLY DUE DECEMBER31, 1995 The1995Rescission Bill became law (Public Law104-19)on July 27,1995. Section504of Public Law104-19addresses allotment analysis, grazing permit issuance, and compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Preliminary advice for implementing Section504and a copy of the text of Section504was provided in my August8, 1995,letter (see enclosed General Provisions). The enclosed "Questions and Answers" provide additional guidance. We anticipate completing amendments to the directive system in the near future. Section504requires that each National Forest System unit develop and adhere to a schedule for completing NEPA analysis on all allotments where NEPA analysis is needed. These schedules will be issued by the responsible Forest Supervisor and are due in the Washington Office by December 31,1995. rIEPA must be completed on all allotments listed on the schedules within15 years. The actual length of the schedule could be shorter, depending on the number and complexity of analyses that need to be completed. Section504 specifically prohibits the agency from completing the analyses and decisions on more than 20 percent of the allotments listed on the schedule on or before September 30,1996. There are no such limitations in Section 504 regarding the completion of analyses and decisions after September30, 1996. The schedules will list allotments, in priority order, by3year periods. To the extent practicable, in establishing the schedules the units should take into account existing and anticipated budgets and other factors that may have a bearing on the units' ability to adhere to the schedule. As stated in my August8, 1995,letter, the following applies to any term grazing permit which has expired, or has been waived, and a new term permit has not been issued solely because the analysis required by NEPA and other applicable laws has not been completed: You are to issue a new term grazing permit under the same terms and conditions as the original permit, including the length of term. Upon completion of the NEPA analysis and decision related to the allotment(s) to which the permit applies, the terms and conditions of thepermit can be modified or a new permit issued, if necessary to conform to the analysis and decision. The line officer still has the authority to make a decisio not to issue a new permit for reasons other than not having theanalysis required by NEPA and other applicable laws completed. Regional Foresters. Regions ithrough 9 2 The process established in the January 1995 strategy for completing NEPA analyses and decisions on permit issuance is being supplemented by the Rescission Act requirement for a schedule for analysis by allotment. tn those S instances where the analysis has been completed in accordance with the1995 strategy, further analysis is not needed and a permit may beissued based on that analysis, bearing in mind the 20 percent cap. Further analysis would not be needed for these allotments until monitoring, new information, or changed conditions indicate the need, or the allotment is to undergo analysis pursuant. to the schedule required by Section 504. Similarly, information which has been gathered and analyzed using the 1995 strategy should be applied to the analyses of allotments scheduled under Section 504. Is/Jack Ward Thomas JACK WARD THOMAS Chief Enclosure S GENERAL PROVISIONS SEC. O4.(a) SCHEDULE FOR NEPA COMPLIANCE. --Each Nat:onal Forest System unit shall establish and adhere to a schedule for the completion of' National Environmental Policy Act of' 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) analysis and decisions on all allotments within the National Forest System unit for which NEPA analysis is needed. The schedule shall provide that not more than 20 percent of' the allotments shall undergo NEPA analysis and decisions through fiscal year1996. REISSUANCE PENDING NEPA COMPLIANCE. --Notwithstanding anyother law, term grazing permits which expire or are waived beforethe NEPA analysis and decision pursuant to the schedule developedby individual Forest Service System units, shall be issued on thesame terms and conditions and for the full term of the expired orwaived permit. Upon completion of the scheduled NEPA analysis anddecision for the allotment, the terms and conditions of existing grazing permits may be modified or re-issued, if necessary to conform to such NEPA analysis. EXPIRED PERMITS. --This section shall only apply if a new term grazing permit has not been issued to replace an expired orwaived term grazing permit solely because the analysis required byNEPA and other applicable laws has not been completed and also shallinclude permits that expired or were waived in 1994 and 1995 before the date of enactment of this Act. APPENDIX N S PARMENTC''E'-..3RC.RE C CO250 DECI.IQN MOR.rWTJM FOR F.DALE .O3ERTSDN,C19 'JSA Fores: PROM: Johi . neuter Ati 1sa.Secretary NRE St3BJEC Na.ai :az. Fees have 1992 :s toeterie be ta:r'..e Nat.onalrass1and grazir.qee eteined by S2..2per animal u.ni:rnon.This was forth in usge "Coed:7Stace grazag fee"ase your May 19. :992.refi memoranth c fees are toe deceeusing the same approac.me. Futur fOr 1993 isS2.Q4.This crovjde The cores:razj fee. c=a:ibjljty withth i in ipleentjthis change, the will berestried to the same Ccnservacnrogram CP aette Fund for lacional tles that applyto the Range Specfjcaj1v foreg i the 16 WesternStates the fee can ;b :) ro more than EOpercent of be used:r CP's and ') theamcu seaCr va1abl:or c';.costs canotxced 6 çercen: :ie d1.ar News Re'ease - .'st r."ce thx C9O .ThflqtOn .J.. .CSo6c5 ameia nev 202) 205.1584 Ed'.vin Moffert 202l 72OO26 ?JOVERNMENT ANNOUNCES PUBLIC LAND 1993GANGFEES FCR15 WESTEPN STATES NASHINGTCN JANUARY 15 ---megrazing fee for 'Nesterr, uolic anas adnhinisterea by the US. Department C Agriculture's Forest Service andU.S. Department of Interor S ureau of Lana Management (L.M),ij dedllne by 6 cents n 1993 uncer a formula set by Congress. .$ecrerary or Aarrcuiture Edwardmadigan Said the new ree is S 1.66 per animal unit montri (AUM) acwn from thecurren vr at Si .32. .n animal urut monthis the amount of fcrace neeoed to sustain one cow ana her calf, one horse,or fivE sheep or coazs for a month. The annually acfiusted fee,which takes effect March 1. computed by using a 1966 basea fair marketva'ue of $1.2: per AUM month for livestock grazing on public lands in the 16 western states. The figure is thenaeusted according tc urrent pnvate lane lease razes, beef cattleprices and the cost of livestock production. This fee applies to flaljonal forests and 6LM land En Arizona. Callfornia. Colorado, Idaho,Kansas. Montana. Nebraska Nevacia. New Mexico. North Dakota. Oklahoma. Oregon. South Dakota. Utah, Washington.ana Wyoming and to nationa rassianas in California, laaflo. ana Oregon. n aocinon. Macigan announced the 7993 grazing tee icr tne natronai grasslanas. Uriaer tne formulaadopted for thr '992 grazing year to provide compatabilkty withthe Western oublic lanes grazinfee. Madiaan said this fee will he er AUM, a 21 cent decrease from 1992. This grazing tee aoplies TO national grasslanosin Coloraco. Kansas. Nebraska New Mexico. North Dakota. Oklahoma South Dakota. Texas. and Wyoming. oth tees aecreasea this year aecause higher livestockoroOuctlon costs and lower oeef cattle orices offset slighi ncre2ses in the private lana lease rates. The fee tormuja, establishedby Congress n tt11973 Public RangelancE ,'rlcrovement Act rias continijea since 1 986 uncer a oresidential ExecutiveOrder. The Forest Service manages aoout 191 milliOnacres ci feaerai lana ri 44 states. Puertoico. arid the Virgin Isianas r m.iitiole oublic uses. including grazing. The BLM managesacout 270 rnfflion acres of federal lane in 11 Western states .nci AlasKa ror a variety of public uses. sucn as grazing APPENDIX 0 S XL,.-U 7 \. - $tcrTitLe tZt, tand ,/ ,7' ' 2710 SpicisI Use ?erLts 1' 2820 J(icax.aL Ket*tf&J,*Luau8 : 1: . L_. e4', .1 TOe \:: Jo I. MciLr.,iaf L Pst**t Syjc ThLs relates to the MtLn pety .t.f'a Mirth 30, 1973, hare rsvia4 P.1.. 87.703 (76Itat. 603, 607) an4 laLsLaUve bLstsry r find thatthe pworiaLos . bt tto build Ladv.stytal perksor sat.sbttth prtvuteLnduarzL4 ''.rtLal sntarprtssa"a r.co,n4sd by the eøajtt.. - ef tonfer,ue.. of both,uses (eort !'. 23, pte 3) ad adopted and pe.ssidby the Cn.r.gs. The proriaton La c dfLnedor dLsc$sed izi the lagtslettyeistory and .* find thinto indicate that the provision,or any rd ths*Ln, istobe Lve ether t its ordinmryaminj. X Title LU Lands,bare arethr5S typea iI '4.rstrLhta, (1) those Qimed by third patties&tthe ties the lindaz. seqvired by the fnL ted St*tes, (2) thosereserved by sntorz in conveyinces to thø Unitedtses, aM (3) those owned by the Unitedut.,. sineraLs ovu.4 by third partL.aesy be deystop.4 d.r thtams of the grants or reorvetLoQ.$ under ith they axe owned, subject tocptioos with Fedas.l, Stator Local Levi ag4 reuLet.jous..fl, Secretary e te.turo'a reEulatLon$ do not aly thseto, unlessby the devsJoiasnt ofth ain.rsLs has been r&bjecte4to th.*. Theinerets vescr-red by thso*r; tConvey4ncss te cha Crttod ate3 yc d'vuloped r.ar te rauLeUoc. of tb $ec.xetry ofArLcaLture attached :T * te sacs The neraIa must of iie be ia vith Ids,aL, 3ta 4 LOCaL Love 3, Thmine ood by- this dSveLoped, LIat au, tat.e must be St ozjtgxtj ____ sl4 CO*t.aj aich rit, aLcb adequs thilly ts e*vftoyg 4 b* Lc PMiOl 1a, d V do no biaty tohLiid auythj n th a ita Lqt3Lsj, w,tg14£bv, to tiat Cnraj.LsLtdc4 bythe t owua PTOhIbLt this OthisTalO,LDcIudL at secsas.. tthea OToth e ml4 Tv*L, The to ate. stsbU.th0*the the &Uthorityto batig prj0 po pLaa., oroth ti COft3i RU1j th.Ln,5j5et.4,1 C viiffl?+-r X1Cti -- d soil Caresar.,atj.aDyjjf1 ccl *ob,rt.ua Ieph D. N,Lt* O 7i,s (2) ?S,OGC 4'23/73 4459 APPENDIX P rr'r.'' ..ih r'r (-SV r"..u.L-J }ovcbcr C, 19.O 'iht 1Io.orb1e The Scc-ry o2 /riculturo )y cir r. Secretx': Refcrcr.ec is r.'de to latter of Catobcr 24,1950, frcn the Aaeitrnt Secretary in rep3ne to request2 August 2', 1950, i'o' your vcw rith rcscct toth $iC_OjeSo.l.çopvadon Sery.e of 1easin 1ans coveredby TitloIII of theCahcad-Jones Fax Tenant ct at duccd rcnlnle in reirn forthe crao by thepeuiitttccs erlcssces of i rovaacnts, etc., to the lands, thus resulting in what appeared to be an augnientationof your ep:rtacat' s annual appropriaon fort1laxid Utilization cud Retircncnt of Msriral land," and resulting, also, in what appeared tobe a diversion of funds othcrzise payable to the countyorcountico in which such lands areituntcd. The letter of October 24, citea particularly asauthority for such practice the provision of section 32(c) of thact, ura, 7 U. S. Code 1011(c), which authroizeethe Secretary TtT3 sell, exchange,lease, or otherwise disposeof, 'iith orwithout a Con3ideratiOfl,and property U best so acquired,under. such tcrs and conditio3 as he decs &otpli&h the puroses of scetic 1010-1013 of this tLtle.t'The czUd letterindicates that thenr1iton oftb1ddntrninC3 whether certainlandu practicesit bin t1 t:;t'cri and the providinof str tan!z prop'r.L.yt-,i be ccd asland , use p!ticesar Q 1c- 77c7 -2- That- t fccor rcn1c rc et:1izhcd irelatioi to thvalue the uzc of the L2nd ait c-flyb2used under the required 1iJ uoo practice3.In th:t corctioi, it Ic pointed out that the lands which can be used under tie act %1th3Ut tic ncccity of sins additional 1ard upractiec have a grc'rttsr valuc tn lcndhich, becauo of their cr.dition) reuirc the aition of cpccial land use practices upon percittcc or lecoces at their own expense. Conaidcrin the broad purjoc of Titl'III of the E.anihcad-Jones Fara Tenant Act, and ccpccially thc_authority ve3tcd in the Secrery by scetion 32(c) thereof to lcao lando, ;ith or without coiideration, under such tcraz and conditiono a will beot acccaplicii the urose of the act, no ft.rthcr queztion will beraiced by thic office with respect to what had appeared to be an auncntion of fiindo reu1thg frca the 1eaein practicesreferred to in Office letter of August 24, 1950. Moreover, in view of the foregoing, itnow nppear3 that no divcrcion ofundsothcai-icepayab1c to the cc ion which the landa arc situated wouldrcsult frot the abvc tioned leasing practices.Section 33 of the act,7 U. S. Code 1012, requires that 25 per ccntu of the "tnet revcr.uea received by _çeay" fron the usa of the land hsU be paid to the county or counties in which the land is held by the SccrctLry. As stated in your De2artxicnt'oletter, itsecns obvicus thatcaid section 33 requires pyicata tocomtiesof no rore than 25 per cent of what the Scaretary actuallyreceives.Accordingly, no further objeotion will be intcrpozc-d by this oriic in that rcspcct. Sinccrly yours, /9/Lindocy ¶arrcn Ccroller Ccncral of the United Stea 9SEP 199Z MOR.NDUM FOR DAROLD D. FOXWORTHY DIRECTOR, FISC.L ND PLIC SFET FOREST SERVICE FROM: James Snow Deputy Aes±strnGeneral Counsel Natural Resorées Division II' SUBJECT: Use of Fees E'rom National Grasslands Issues: This is in response to your memorandum dated May 19, 1992, in which you asked if the Forest Service has authority to fund conservation land use projects within the National Grasslands by either depositing into a special account certain revenues collected under Title III, section 32(c) of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act (7 U.S.C. §1010(c), or by requiring the holder authorizations to perform such activities in return for a reduction in the use fee. Discussion: Question 1: Your first question was stated as follows: May fees collected for the use of National Grasslands under special use permits, grazing permits, or mineral leases, issued under the authority of Title III of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act (7 U.S.C. 1010-1013), be deposited into a special account for use by the Forest Service in funding conservation land use projects within the Grassland? In our opinion, the answer to this question is no. There are stringent statutory limitations on how agencies and government employees must handle government funds. Under 31 U.S.C. §3302,' unless provision is made by another law, any ' Title 31, United States Code, Section 3302, states in part: (a) Except as provided by another law, an official or agen of the United Sates Government having custody or possession of ptiblic money shall keep the money safe without - (1) lending Ui money;(2) using the money;(3) depositing the money in a bank; 2 money received by an official or agent of the Government must be deposited in the Treasury without deduction for any charge or claim. This applies to fees collected from National Grasslands including grazing permits, special use permits and mineral leases. In addition, diversion of such funds for projects within the National Grasslands would be an unauthorized augmentation of appropriations. By appropriating funds the Congress not only provides funds but also establishes an authorized program level. Using funds from other sources would pernit an agency to increase its program level without Congressional approval.2 In some situations, the Forest Service has specific authority to retain and use revenues for particular purposes. Examples of such authorities include the Knutson-Vandenberg Act, 16 U.S.C. §576b, and the Brush Disposal Act, 16 U.S.C. §490. However, we do not find such authority under Title III of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act. rJnder Title III, section 32(c), of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act, the Secretary of Agriculture has broad authority to authorize the use of lands, with or without consideration, and under such terms and conditions as will best accomplish the purpose of the Act.3 7 U.S.C. §1011(c). This broad discretion and (4) exchanging the money for other auLounts. (b) xcept as provided in section 3718(b) of this title, an official or agent of the Government receiving money for the Government from any source shall deposit the money in the Treasury as soon as practical without deduction for any charge or claim. [subsections (c), (d), (e), (f) omitted from this footnote] 2 There is no express statutory prohibition against the augmentation of appropriated funds. The concept does, nevertheless, have an adequate statutory basis although it must be derived from several separateenactments. For example: the Comptroller General has referred to 31 U.S.C. §628 [recodified at 31 U.S.C. §1301] which restricts the use of appropriated funds to their intended purposes, and this coupled with the Miscellaneous Receipts Act, 31 U.S.C. §484 [recodified at 31 U.S.C. §3302(b)], as implicitly precluding the augmentation ofappropriated funds. Title 7, United States Code, Section 1011, authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture: repealed To protect, improve, develop, and administer any property so acquired and to construct such structures thereon as may be necessary to adapt it to its most beneficial use. To sell, exchange, lease, or otherwise dispose of,with or without a consideration, any property so acquired,under such allows the Secretary to dispense with consideration altogether. However, if funds are actually collected under the terms of an authorization, the funds must be deposited in the Treasury. Nothing in the statute grants authority to either collect the money from holders of use authorizations and todeposit the money into a special fund, and then to spend the money to carry out conservation projects on other lands in the National Grasslands. In your memorandum of May 19, 1992, you make reference to an unpublished 1950 decision of the Comptroller General4 which deals with reduction of leasing fees under Title III of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act. In this decision, the Comptroller General does not create an exception to the requirements of 31 U.S.C. §3302 concerning the deposit of revenues into the Treasury, or to therestriction on augmentation of appropriations. The decision only relates to a situation where the Forest Service imposes on the permittee the obligation to perform certain conservation measures to make the land more productive. - The Comptroller General consented to the imposition of permit terms with offsetting reductions in the fee charged for the penitted use. The rationale for the fee reduction is that the value of the use of the land is less where land usepractices must be performed by the permittee. Nonetheless, the full amount of funds actually collected must still be deposited in the Treasury. This decision establishes the principle that fees may be reduced to carry out conservation projects. While the decision is limited to the narrow factual. situation described therein, it does not discuss the issues represented by your second question. Question 2: Your second question was stated as follows: May the fees due from special use permittees or mineral lessees, in addition to grazing permittees, issued under authority of Title III of the Bankhead- Jones Farm Tenant Act (7 U.S.C. 1010-1013), bereduced in return for the performance by the permittee or lessee, personally or by contract, of conservationland use projects anywlere within the boundary ofthe respective National Grassland? terms and conditions as he deems will bestaccomplish the purposes of this subchapter... [subsections (d), (e) & (f) omitted from this footnote] 4 3-77467 (November 8, 1950) 4 this second question is With some limitations,our answer to yes. language of the Titleiii, section The above referenced gives the Secretary 32(c) of the Bankhead-JOnesFarm Tenant Act, and conditions for the useof Title broad authority to set terms noted In our opinion, withlimiting considerations III lands. requirements on below, such terms andconditions can include for the performanceof conservation permittees or lessees respective National projects anywherewithin the boundary of the Grassland. of the statute We believe thereis an implicit limitation requiring there be some nexusbetween theconservation practice permittee or lessee,and the impacts of the being required of the For example, if one uses of theland being authorized. conservation objective for aGrassland is the maintenanceof require a wetland values, then itwould be permissible to enhance wetland valueselsewhere on the permittee to replace or the area Grassland in order to offsetwetland values damaged on Similarly, adverse impacts onwildlife habitat under permit. activities might be offset byrestoration or enhancement performed elsewhere. define in this memorandumthe limits It is not possible to off site of the Forest Service'sauthority to allow for the or lessee forconservation projects expenditures by the perinittee the more Grassland. Suffice to say that elsewhere on a National expenditure for off remote the nexus orconnectionbetween the conservation objectivesfor the land site activities and the might be deemed under permit, the morelikely such conditions An extreme examplemight be a void as arbitrary andcapricious. road in an requirement that the permitteeconstruct and pave a for rights to grazecattle. In such a adjacent county in return could case, it would behighly unlikely theForest Service condition of the permit(i.e. road establish that the relation to the construction in an adjacentcounty) bears any management objective forthe land beingpermitted. Summary, In suzilmary, it is ouropinion: authority to that the Forest Servicedoes not have receipts generatedfrom deposit into a special account the Bankhead authorizations granted pursuantto Title III of twithstanding that suchfees are to be Jones Farm TenantAct, Grasslands; and, used to fund conservationwork on the National has authority toimpose terms that the Forest Service authorization of and conditions on permitteesand lessees under / / / / Title III of the Bank1iead-Jones Farm Tenant Act which require the performance of conservation measures anywhere on the National Grassland insofar as such measures relate to the conservation objectives for the use of the authorized land. In this case, the. amount of the fees to be collected from the permittee or lessee may be reduced commensurate with the costs to the permittee or lessee of meeting the conservation requirements: We would be happy to discuss any further questions you may have on this matter. NRD:OGC:L.Hughes/J.Snow: 9/2/92 Fowler Snow Hughes L.Jakub, OGC, Denver Chron Subject file: ) Bankhead Jones-Farm Tenant Act C: \WP51\DRAFT\FSGPASS