Y7 Kb 3 Castles

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Year 7 Knowledge sheet: Castles Key content What you need to know Key terms Change and continuity: Some things that changes and some things that stay the same (continuity) Portcullis: gate made of iron Keep: the strongest and tallest place on a castle Motte: mound of earth, on top of which the keep was built Bailey: courtyard where the buildings stood Moat: deep ditch around the castle Curtain wall: the stone wall built around a castle Barbican: gatehouse Motte and Bailey Castles ❖ Motte and bailey castles appeared in England after the Norman Conquest of 1066. ❖ Motte and bailey castles were a common feature in England by the death of William the Conqueror in 1087. ❖ Their construction was the start of what was to become a massive castle building programme in England and Wales. Early castles were made of wood however they could burn and be chopped down and were relatively easy to attack. From about 1070 some castles started to be made out of stone for strength. Square Keep ❖ The Tower was founded by William the Conqueror towards the end of the 1066. ❖ The White Tower was constructed in 1078. The White Tower is an example of a keep. ❖ Richard the Lionheart added to the castle in the 12th century and Edward I added the outer ward in the 13th century. ❖ The layout of the Tower of London has remained pretty much unchanged since Concentric Castles Concentric castles were built with several walls of decreasing heights, so soldiers could shoot attackers more effectively. The idea was brought back by knights fighting in the Holy Land. Comfier castles From the 1400s onwards less castles were built because the country was becoming more peaceful. As a result castles were modified to become more comfortable homes and were less fortified. Another important reason why castle building stopped was the use of gunpowder. Weapons and tactics Siege – a method of attack where an army surrounds a castle, cutting off essential supplies, until the enemy is forced to surrender Trebuchet- A machine used in siege warfare that could throw large stones and other objects Mangonel- Machine used to fire rocks Battering ram – a tree trunk hanging on a wooden frame, protected by an animal skin roof Siege tower – a large wooden tower protected by animal skins. Soldiers would climb up it and over the walls Sappers- specialist soldiers who could dig under a wall or a tower. Undermining- when a group of sappers would dig under a castles wall/tower, then burn the wooden supports causing it to collapse. Greek fire- possibly a mixture of tar, oil and Sulphur. It couldn’t be put out with tar – but it could with urine! .

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City of London Appendix B Supplementary Planning Document
City of London Appendix B Supplementary Planning Document Barbican Listed Building Management Guidelines Volume 4 – Landscape SPD, Part 2 – Good Practice and Part 3 – Green Infrastructure Consultation Statement October 2014 The Barbican Listed Building Management Guidelines Volume Four – Landscape Supplementary Planning Documents (SPD), Part 2 – Good Practice and Part 3 – Green 1 Infrastructure were published in draft for public consultation during a six-week period from 29 August to 10 October 2014. Regulations 11 and 12 of the Town and Country Planning (Local Planning) (England) Regulations 2012 require the City Corporation to prepare a consultation statement setting out who was consulted when preparing a supplementary planning document, a summary of the main issues raised by those persons and how these have been addressed in the SPD. The following measures were taken to consult the public on the SPD during the consultation period: Website. The draft SPD and supporting documents were made available on the City Corporation‟s web site. Information and a link were provided on the home page of the City‟s website and on the landing page of the Planning section of the website to ensure maximum exposure. The Corporate Twitter account was used to „tweet‟ the details of the consultation at the start of the consultation period. Information was provided in the City of London e-shot. Inspection copies. A copy of the SPDs, the SPD documents and a statement of the SPD matters was made available at the Planning Information desk at the Guildhall, the Guildhall, Barbican, Artizan Street and Shoe Lane public libraries, the Barbican Estate Office, the Foyers of Lauderdale Tower, Shakespeare Tower and Cromwell Tower.
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