22426 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 11, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS BIG BROTHER OF THE YEAR ated. The results showed that the child was Our Nation's taxpayers will have to indeed deaf, and not retarded at all. bear the burden of the increased Federal This was not the end of Herbert's battle. It was more truly only the first skirmish. spending needed to create and operate HON. MARJORIE S. HOLT The school still failed to respond with a this agency, and as consumers they will OF MARYLAND proper placement for Ricky even after the be saddled with any additional costs to re-evaluation. Therefore, Herbert had to businesses that will be passed on to them IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES begin expending a great deal of time and in the form of higher prices. This is Friday, July 11, 1975 energy on getting Ricky placed in a school especially important when considering Mrs. HOLT. Mr. Speaker, it is with for the deaf. He involved a state senator that it is in the excessive Federal spend­ and a school board member into his fight. ing that is causing the inflation/reces­ great pleasure that I inform my col­ Through Herbert's efforts, Ricky was per­ leagues that my constituent, Mr. Her­ mitted to bypass the waiting list and was sion-a nationally known magazine re­ bert Buchanan of Suitland, Md., has placed, despite the objections of some school cently estimated that unnecessary and been named Big Brother of the Year at officials, in the Maryland School for the Deaf. wasteful Government regulation is al­ the recent Big Brother convention in Anyone who has observed Ricky's progress ready costing American consumers $130 Denver, Colo. since being matched with Herbert cannot billion a year. I am indeed proud of Mr. Buchanan's help but notice the significant change in his In my opinion, it is inconceivable that accomplishments which have resulted in personality. He is now a happy, well-func­ any responsible Member of Congress tioning child who is a sports enthusiast and would support the creation of yet an­ his being selected for this honor by the is always ready for athletic endeavors. over 80,000 Big Brothers throughout the Incredibly, this is not the full scope of other bureaucratic regulatory body when United States. Herbert Buchanan's involvement with his in fact, we should be considering legisla­ At this point I insert into the RECORD Little Brother. He utilized his local civic tion to repeal and abolish costly regula­ the nominating speech which outlines association in helping the boy's family to tory agencies which are harassing Amer­ Herb Buchanan's many civic efforts find adequate housing when they were ican taxpayerI consumers. which qualified him for this award: threatened with eviction from their home, Claims have been made that there is six days before Christmas. He learned sign wide public support for the consumer NOMINATION FOR BIG BROTHER OF THE YEAR language which enabled him to communi­ advocacy concept; however, a recent na­ Big Brother of the National Capital Area. cate effectively with Ricky. Herbert and Ricky maintain weekly contact despite the tional survey by the Opinion Research wishes to place in nomination for the 1975 Corp. of Princeton, N.J., points out that National Big Brother of the Year Award the fact that Ricky is a five-day boarder at school. This Big Brother views his Little on the question of setting up a Federal name of Herbert Buchanan. Brother as no different from any other boy consumer protection agency "* • • 75 Herbert Buchanan has been a.n active Big and involves him in many varied activities. percent of the public voted against doing Brother since May 1967 and is currently Ricky's mother commented that "no finer matched with his second little brother. He this * * *". I believe it is the role of the Big Brother could have been selected for elected representatives of the people to has demonstrated consistently an unusual her son and through Mr. Buchanan's under­ commitment to the program throughout standing, patience and guidance, there is an act to protect and further the best in­ these past eight years. In addition to work­ assurance of a bright future for Ricky." terests of the consumers. I urge my col­ ing with Little Brothers directly, he has Herbert Buchanan, himself, comes from a leagues to read the following remarks of been an active member of his local Big fatherless background. His family was Illainly Mr. Anthony Harrigan, executive vice Brothers Council for seven yea.rs. BBNCA supported by the mother during his child­ president, of the U.S. Industrial Council. councils are designed to relate the program hood years. Herbert served three years in Mr. Harrigan presents the arguments to the unique needs of each locality. In this the U.S. Coast Guard, then attended Howard context Herb has conducted orientation ses­ against a consumer agency in a convinc­ University. He is employed as a printing ing manner: sions for new, and prospective, Big Brothers. specialist with the U.S. Government Printing He has also chaired roundtable discussions Office. Age 41, he is married and has three ANOTHER FEDERAL AGENCY where Big Brothers who are having trouble children of his own (ages 16, 14 and 6). The proposed "Agency For Consumer Ad­ with their matches have the opportunity to He has a strong interest in HAM radio vocacy"--Senate Bill 200-is nothing of the discuss the problems facing them with Big operations. sort. It is another federal control bill. Brother peers and professional staffers. Final­ Herbert Buchanan is a tremendous ex­ It Le; incredible that such legislation ly, he has been very instrumental in publi­ ample of what one man can do as a volunteer should be foisted on the American people cizing the Big Brothers program throughout when he is sincerely committed and deeply When the country already is suffering from the Washington, D.C. Model Cities area. His motivated to a cause. We know of no man regulatory overkill. The Dally Oklahoma re­ selection for these key, and sensitive, roles more deserving of this great honor and we cently commented that "Federal regulatory demonstrates the esteem in which he is proudly urge your consideration of Herbert power is not only intrusive to a degree our held within the Agency, and community. Buchanan as National Big Brother of the parents would not have believed, but it is However, all of these are among his lesser Year for 1975. costly." achievements within the program-at lea.st The. initial cost ls of the gla.nt bureaucracy. in his eyes and those of his Little Brother, Today, there are more than 63,000 federal Ricky, Herbert was matched with Ricky be­ employes on the payroll of regulatory agen­ cause he had specifically asked to work with cies. This manpower costs the 1;axpayers more a. handicapped boy. At the time it was be­ PROLIFERATING FEDERAL REGU­ than $2 billion a year. lieved that Ricky was mentally retarded. He LATION: ANOTHER BUREAUCRACY But this ls only part of the cost. One steel was extremely withdrawn, hostile and de­ company estimates that its superintendents fiant. He would communicate only by physi­ spend 4,000 man hours a year guiding in­ cally striking out. He had been placed in a HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT spectors through its coal mines. There a.re special education class for retarded children OF CALIFORNIA more than 5,000 different types of federal by the public school system. Ricky's plight IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forms to be filled out by businesses which was an especially difficult one since he was reportedly require 130 million man hours per one of 11 children in his family and he could Friday, July 11, 1975 year to complete. not be given much individual attention. Mr. my Murray Weidenbaum, an economist at Soon after he began working with Ricky, Mr. ROUSSELOT. Speaker, as Washington University, estimates the cost of Herbert Buchanan began to suspect that the colleagues in the House are aware, the auto safety and emission standards at $3 bil· boy was exhibiting a hearing problem. Herb­ other body has passed legislation which lion a year. In a new book, he cites the end- ert's previous involvement with deaf co­ calls for the creation of an Agency for less harassment of companies by consumer workers had given him some familiarity with Consumer Advocacy, and our own Com­ protection agencies. this afftiction. He had also passed through mittee on Government Operations is cur­ For example, he notes that one company a training program at Galludet College (an rently considering similar legislation. I in St. Louis produced 1,494 containers of institution for the deaf) and this helped windshield washer solvent that didn't have him arrive at this evaluation. After this cru­ strongly oppose the establishment of childproof caps or a label stating that the cial observation, Herbert began his fight for still another Federal bureaucracy which liquid "cannot be made non-poisonous." The better services to meet Ricky's needs. will further intensify the upward pres­ company was not allowed to amx new caps Through direct, and persuasive, contacts sure on prices and put additional strains and labels. Instead, it was compelled to de­ with the school, Herbert had Ricky reevalu- on the already overburdened taxpayer. stroy all the containers. July 11, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22427 While Sen. Abraham Riblcoff (D-Conn.), migratory waterfowl. Not only do they has sent me copies of two of his recent with strong assistance from consumer sensa­ provide habitat and breeding grounds, columns which I will insert in the tionalist Ralph Nader, pushes S. 200, the but they alS-O provide routes for fiyways. RECORD . .country is overloaded with consumer protec­ tion groups. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce Needless to say, continued destruction of Many of my fellow citizens, as well as recently pointed out that in the Washington wetlands would be detrimental to the my colleagues, are unawar.e of the metropolitan area alone there are no fewer wildlife that need these lands to survive. damage done to women by policies of the than 38 private and 14 public consumer or­ In extending the Wetlands Loan Act pro­ multinational corporations and by unsus­ ganizations, "national, local, alive and ac­ gram and increasing the loan authoriza­ pecting consumers. tive." tion, the House has taken a vital step I am sure that these two enlightening Vast quantities of consumer protection toward achieving the wetlands acquisi­ columns will be of interest to my col­ legislation has been enacted in recent years. Much of this legislation is absurd. A column­ tion goal. leagues. ist for the Oklahoman reports that "Federal H.R. 5608 extends the accelerated wet­ The articles follow: .agencies now specify how large toilet parti­ lands acquisition program for 7 more [From the Long Island Press, May 6, 1975] tions must be, a.nd how frequently spitoons years and increases the interest-free SIX Mn.LION WOMEN FACING JOB Loss .must be cleaned." The Occupational Safety loan authorization by $95 million. This (By Gus Tyler) and Health Act (OSHA) rules specify the program began in 1961 and set a goal size, shape and number of toilet sea.ts re­ NEW YoRK.-Six million jobs in American acquisition of 2.5 million acres, of which manufacture, presently held by women, are quired in ea.ch restroom of a. business office. 1.9 will have been acquired by next June. On top of all this Sen. Ribicoff a.nd other in danger of being wiped out--not by dis­ supporters of S. 200 would impose a new The need to preserve wetlands has crimination nor even by the current reces­ agency to serve as a.n advocate "for con­ never been more critical. They are dis­ sion, but by foreign competition. sumers who have been victimized by market­ appearing at ever increasing rates and Consider the apparel trades, for instance, place irresponsibility." likewise, the cost of remaining wetlands that employ about one and a quarter mil­ As a matter of fact; the new agency would is doubling and tripling. The need for a lion women in an industry whose work force be a harassing agency that would have the is 80 per cent female. As of March of this source of funds in excess of duck stamp year, the unemployment rate was above 20 right to monitor and interfere in the formal receipts to continue acquisition is essen­ proceedings of other regulatory agencies. per cent--more than double the national Creation of this agency would make possible tial. jobless rate of 9 per cent. freewheeling bureaucratic interference and I would like to point out that this pro­ The unemployment rate is that extraordi­ hara.ssment. gram is not solely hunter oriented. I narily high because the recession hit a trade Who is to protect the consumer, the urge all who are interested in land con­ already enfeebled by blows from overseas. manufacturer, the shopkeeper, from bureau­ servation as well as conservation of In the eight years from 1966 to 1974 more cratic interference and tyranny-from migratory waterfowl, to purchase the than 50,000 jobs were washed away in the .absurd and irresponsible demands? That's a garment industry by a flood of imports from "Migratory Bird Hunting and Conserva­ low wage countries. question Americans should ask members of tion Stamp." The proceeds of these so the House of Representatives who are con­ Imports are rising so rapidly that at present sidering this bill. called duck stamps, which can be pur­ about one garment out of every four sold This bill isn't a "voice for consumers," as chased in local post offices, wild life re­ 1n this country is an import as contrasted its proponents allege, but a new voice for fuges and other designated areas, help with about one garment out of 30 in 1961. :power-seeking bureaucracy. It is the dream pay for the acquisition. I feel this is a The reason for the tidal wave of imports -0f the Naderites who oppose every produc­ sound investment in the preservation of is the difference in wages between the tive enterprise and whose only ambition is our wetlands and waterfowl. United States and its rival producing coun­ to impose more regulations on the American I would also like to take this oppor­ tries. Not that the wages are too high here: people. they range from $2.20 to $4 an hour-which Is wildly proliferating government regula­ tunity to praise the efforts of Ducks Un­ is low enough for this country. But the wages tion, allegedly for the benefit of consumers, limited. As a private organization, this in some other countries are too low-right what the American people want? A recent group collects donations which are then down to 15 cents an hour. poll by Opinion Research Corp. showed that used in the construction of new wetlands The edge we might have in productivity American consumers, by a 75 per cent ma­ and in the preservation of old ones. is lost because American manufacturers, in jority, opposed creation of a new federal These wetlands provide sanctuaries and major cases, give away our technology and consumer agency. More regulation is not the breeding grounds for all species of water­ tea.ch our know-how to "contractors" in other wave of the future in this country, if the fowl. I am proud of the leading role this coun tries. American people have their way. They are In addition, American tax and tariff laws beginning to realize that super-regulation private organization is taking in the pro­ actually encourage U.S. manufacturers to erodes their liberties and drastically affects tection and preservation of North Ameri­ get their work done abroad. One section of the prices of the goods and services they can wetlands. Founded in 1937, this the tarlff law (Item 807) allows an Amer- desire. group, working closely with the Govern­ , lean company to send its work out of the If the House of Representatives is listen­ ments of Canada and the United States, country to be stitched and then returned ing to the people, as distinct from the bu­ has helped preserve our native waterfowl here for sale with a tax applied only on reaucrats, it will reject the new "advocacy" from the advance of civilization and they labor done, which comes close to nothing. agency bill. The volume of garments imported under deserve our plaudits. 807 has swollen steadily, from $1.7 million Passage of this bill means that the in 1965 to $238 million in 1974. Federal Government will continue to And now imports are expected to rise. EXTENSION OF WETLANDS LOAN take the lead in the conservation and "The pressure of unemployment is inducing ACT preservation of our wetlands. The pres­ other countries to safeguard jobs of their ervation of these areas is crucial to the people," testified Sol Chaikin, Secretary Treasurer of the International Ladies' Gar­ continued existence of North American ment Workers' Union, before the Interna­ HON. WILLIAM F. WALSH waterfowl. Wetlands are not wastelands. tional Trade Commission. OF NEW YORK The purchase of these lands, before they "This is one of the reasons why Great are appropriated for other purposes, is Britain began to require licenses before im­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the utmost importance. ports of foreign-made textile products can Tuesday, July 8, 1975 enter her borders. "Australia raised duties on apparel in ex­ Mr. WALSH. Mr. Speaker, the in­ cess of 1973 shipments by huge, virtually creased destruction of American wet­ SIX MILLION WOMEN FACING JOB prohibitive amounts. In turn, this spells out lands over the past two decades has dis­ LOSS an increased pressure from low wage coun­ turbed me greatly. I am also concerned tries to export their goods to the United over the general misconception that wet­ States." lands are wastelands. I am therefore HON. BELLA S. ABZUG The apparel trades are a bellwether of heartened over the passage of H.R. 5608 OF NEW YORK all light manufacture 1n the United States, a sector of the economy with heavy female and hope it will help counter this loss of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES employment. The women presently employed a valuable natural resource. I also hope Friday, July 11, 1975 on these jobs don't work for fun or pin it will alter the gross public miscon­ money: two-thirds of them support de­ ception that has arisen in connection Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Gus pendents as well as themselves. with our wetlands. Tyler, assistant president of the Inter­ The danger they face is not simply that These lands are vital to the life of our national Ladies Garment Workers Union, they will be out of work during the reces- 22428 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 11, 1975 sion but that their kind of work will be attention of my colleagues the appoint­ Cavaliere Ufficiale "Dell 'Ordine Al Merito." permanently lost. ment of Richard N. Hughes, senior vice The third woman in the Unlted States to re­ president of WPIX New York as presi­ ceive such a citation and the first female in [From the Long Island Press, May 26, 1975] the medical world to be so decorated. The dent of the National Broadcast Editorial award and a medal were received. BARGAIN'S MAY COST SOME HUMAN LIVES Association. I would like to extend my · Received Golden Slipper Square Club (By Gus Tyler) congratulations to Mr. Hughes and the Award, April 10, 1968, as a woman of dis­ Everybody feels free to throw stones at entire WPIX organization. This associa­ tinction. Given for distinguished work in Charoen Supatada.rat. From Bangkok comes tion is made up of editorialists and those plastic surgery and for her teaching efforts the story that he and his wife held 54 small responsible for formulating ·editorial throughout the world. children in captivity, forcing them to run Received Friendship Fete Fa.me Award in sewing ma.chines in a walled factory pro­ policy at radio and television stations Philadelphia, April 20, 1968. This was the ducing blouses. Their average age was 12; across the Nation. I feel gratified to know 30th Fame Award and was sponsored by 42 were girls; the youngest was nine. that the organization has chosen such Zonta Club of Philadelphia. and by forty Their diet was one small plate of rice for a capable and creative man to lead the local women's clubs, given Dr. Morant for every meal, enriched by two pieces of bread association for the next year. outstanding achievement in her chosen field every 10 days. They were barefoot and clothed Mr. Hughes has won the New York of Plastic Surgery and for her world travels in rags. Their bedroom was a loft above the State Broadcasters Award for Outstand­ in teaching. factory; they slept on the floor. ing Editorial five times in the last 6 years. Received the Arnita Achievement Awa.rd in To hide this outrage from the world, a.11 New York City, May 25, 1968. The Amlta So­ windows were painted over. Not only has Mr. Hughes had a construc­ ciety annually honors twelve American To maintain good work ha.bits, the chil­ tive lnfluence on the programing of edi­ women of Italian lineage who have achieved dren were beaten with sticks and shoes. The torials for WPIX, but he has also had success in their particular careers. Associated Press reports one child as saying: a very creative influence on all broad­ Soroptimlst "Woman of Distinction" "Once I was almost stabbed by a woman cast editorializing. Mr. Hughes intro­ Award, July 9, 1970, St. Louis, Missouri. For guard who told me she would cut off my duced the practice of presenting edi­ distinguished work in Plastic Surgery. head and throw it in the toilet." torials for the WPIX management and "Woman of the Year" Awa.rd by Auxiliary The children were promised $10 a month. also showing editorial replies and the of Order of Sons of Italy. National citation But all were not offered this handsome pay. received May 1971. Many were sold outright by their parents for comments of viewers. Elizabeth Blackwell Award from Ameri­ $25. I am particularly proud that a repre­ can Medical Women's Association, New York The children worked from 6 a.m. to 9 p .m. sentative of WPIX has been chosen to City, November 1972. For dedicated services If they behaved, they were rewarded on oc­ lead the association as this channel has as a surgeon, teacher and huma.nltaria.n. casional Saturdays by being allowed to watch been in the forefront of the move to "Distinguished Daughter of Pennsylvania" television. have the media present not only hard Award, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, October 9, Such outright slavery ls not the usual thing news, but also comment on the major 1973. For humanitarian work throughout the in Thailand or in other nations of the Orient. issues involving the Nation and the world. But the working conditions are; nine cents Honorary degree from Chestnut H111 Col­ an hour wages, 15 hour workdays, child labor, world. My colleagues will be interested lege, Philadelphia, Pa., "Doctor of Humane threats and corporal punishment. to know that WPIX also carries "Ask Letters." Received May 12, 1974, for outstand­ That's how millions of blouses (skirts, Congress," the program which I moderate ing service to the community and distin­ dresses, shoes, pants, toys, novelties) are which most Members have appeared to guished work in her special field of Plastic made in Southeast Asia. But how are they present a bipartisan discussion view of Surgery. sold and to whom? events in the Congress. I am sure that Few of these items will be sold to natives: Dr. Morani is highly respected in her Mr. Hughes will bring his dynamic de­ field and looked up to by members of the They can't afford them. When you sell a meanor to bear in a positive way on the daughter for $25 you don't use the money medical profession, not only for the great to buy a blouse or a pretty plastic doll. The work of the Broadcast Editorial Associa­ accomplishments that she has made in products are sold oversea.s--especially to tion during the current year. her field, but for the dedication that she affluent America. has exhibited toward the building of a Some of our best established emporia pick greater future in the medical profession up their wares in the Orient. Merchants can buy cheap, mark up the item by 200 to 300 A TRIBUTE TO DR. ALMA DEA through her willingness to share her val­ per cent, and stlll undersell the American- MORANI uable experiences with others in the made counterpart. · United States and in foreign countries. Sometimes, American capital sets up the overseas operation with financing, styling, HON. PAUL G. ROGERS sizing, know-how, machinery. In footwear, OF FLORIDA for instance, U.S. importers often pay "for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THE ECONOMY-INCENTIVE/ the entire output of a foreign plant before LOOPHOLES the shoes a.re produced," reports Fortune Friday, July 11, 1975 magazine. Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, today I American manufacturers use overseas plants as contractors. "Fifty per cent of all would like to take time out to pay trib­ HON. GILBERT GUDE apparel currently imported into the United ute to Dr. Alma Dea Morani, who has OF MARYLAND States is brought in by apparel manufac­ contributed much to the field of plastic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES turers," says Norman Kinersfeld, executive surgery. Her unselfish devotion, constant vice-president of Kayser Roth. That's a good cooperation, and humanitarian spirit on Friday, July 11, 1975 deal too; sew cheap-sell dear. behalf of the unprotected and under­ Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, a recent arti­ For the American woman-the best dressed privileged have brought many awards, cle in the Montgomery County Sentinel in the world, it's also a good deal. She can honors, and citations her way, some of buy that blouse for a few pennies less, she by Robert J. Samuelson concerning reckons. which include the followings: DISC bears close reading by Members Now, as we stand ready to convict and AWARDS, HONORS AND CITATIONS of the House. DISC is Domestic Inter­ condemn the Supatada.ra.ts otf the Orient, Awarded Fellowship in Plastic Surgery, national Sales Corporation, a tax de­ who is ready to throw the first stone at 1946, by International Soroptimlsts. (First vice designed theoretically to increase home? ·Fellowship given to M.D.) exports, but which in the past few years Awarded citation for distinguished work has become synonymous with the words in Plastic Surgery by Order of Sons of Italy, 1955. (First citation to a woman) "tax loophole." Mr. Samuelson's article MR. HUGHES-NEW YORK STATE Alumnae Achievement Award, 1964, quite thoroughly explores the problems BROADCASTERS AWARD Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania.. with the DISC provision and the prob­ Elected President of American Women's lems of tax loopholes in general. I have Hospitals Service in May 1967. Maintenance in the past sponsored legislation to re­ HON. LESTER L. WOLFF of medical relief service clinlcs in elevent peal DISC, and I hope now that the OF NEW YORK countries. Recent addition of two clinlcs in Ways and Means Committee is once IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our poverty-stricken areas in Kentucky again taking up general tax reform, we southern highlands. As of May 1975, Dr. Friday, July 11, 1975 Mora.nl still President of AWHS. may finally be getting rid of DISC. Be­ Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I would like Honored by Republic of Italy with cita­ cause of the committee hearings, this to take this opportunity to bring to the tion, November 1967, conferred the title of article is particularly timely, and I in- July 11, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22429 JUNE 5, 1975. in tions in 1971-also changed the tax implica­ elude it in the RECORD at this point tions of the DISC provision. BENJAMIN F. BAILAR, the hope my colleagues will have a Rule Number Three: Anytime you create The Postmaster General, chance to read it: a new privilege, you automatically create a U.S. Postal Service, THE ECONOMY-INCENTIVE/ LOOPHOLES new lobby to protect that privilege. Washington, D.O. It is tax "reform" season again, and a good Worried by an increasingly hostile con­ DEAR Sm, I am greatly disturbed by the candidate for the chopping block appears to gressional attitude towards DISC, a number astronomical wage offered to a.n eighteen­ yea.r old for a part-time summer job ln your be DISC. of large corporations have now formed their You have probably never heard of DISC, own special group to defend DISC (and, in­ postal services in Wichita, Kansas. but it's costing the Treasury about $1 billion deed, to argue that its provisions ought to be I've worked as a secretary for fifteen years a year. What's more, DISC is an almost per­ liberalized). The group is called "The Spe­ and am paid $5.00 an hour which is con­ fect illustration of the defects of many tax cial Committee for U.S. Exports," and, al­ sidered a pretty good salary, but an eighteen­ breaks enacted to further superficially ready, 75 companies have signed up (at an year old can get $5.26 a.n hour, with no ex­ worthy causes. initial fee of $750). There are likely to be perience, in a government job. They don't In this case, the worthy cause was expand­ others, because more than 200 firms have need that kind of wages to live here. That's ing U.S. exports. DISC stands for Domestic expressed interest. Naiturally, the group has a ruination to a. kid !I I International Sales Corporation, and, basi­ already hired a high-priced, prestigeous We need people in Washington who ca.n cally, it's a fancy device by which the gov­ Washington firm to help prepare testimony cut spending, not negotiate for higher ernment lowers the tax rate on the profits and do lobbying. wages. of export sales. A company is allowed to Rule Number Four: Every ta.x incentive Last week (approximately 3:00 p.m.) I create a DISC and channel all its exports loophole has its own peculiarities, cynical mailed a first class letter to my mother who through the DISC; the DISC enjoys preferen­ a.bout the government (even when they sup­ is twenty miles away which should have tial tax treatment, which, in effect, permits port the incentive/loophole). gotten to her the next day but it took two the company to defer indefinitely income For example, one limitaition in DISC is days. Also a sister-in-law who lives two hun­ taxes on 25 per cent of its export profits. that the deferred taxes can't easily be used dred miles away, said it takes first class mall Now, one man's "incentive" ls another to increase production capacity~ven if the three to five days to get to her. You pay big man's "loophole," and tax reformers want extra capacity is intended for exports. The wages but you don't get responsible and to exterminate DISC. But, whether or not law does contain a provision allowing the efficient people. you favor DISC, there are certain general DISC to make so-called "production loans" I, being a. taxpayer supporting your postal to lots parent company, but the technical re­ clerks, think it's time you stop pouring our rules that apply to many-maybe, all-of strictions are so tight that the provision ls these loophole incentives. And you can get money into the postal workers pockets. Let an idea of those rules by taking a close rarely ased. "One of the problems with them strike 1f they are unhappy. It wouldn't DISC is that it's a typical compromise piece take long to fill their positions with person­ look at DISC. of legislation," says one Treasury official, Rule number one: It's often difficult to nel that would work for less. "and you end up with a fairly complicated Sincerely, judge whether the incentive/ loophole is mechanism." doing what it's intended to do-in this case, Rule Number Five: Whenever you create expanding exports. an incentive/ loophole, taxpayers-individ­ When originally proposed by the Treasury uals and businesses-adopt to the new tax in 1971, DISC was justified as a necessary break, and, whether or not the provision is concession to offset similar-and greater­ any good, its elimination inevitably causes REPORT OF SUBCOMMITTEE TO RE­ tax concessions granted by foreign nations. some hardship. In this case, for example, VIEW LIQUID METAL FAST BREED­ The U.S. tax break, it was argued, would ending DISC could conceivably create a. ER REACTOR make U.S. exports more competitive {by al­ heavy one-time tax liability for corporations lowing exporters to reduce prices) or make as they are forced to pay a.11 those deferred it more attractive for U.S. companies to taxes immediately. Again, such zig-zags in HON. MIKE McCORMACK steal products from U.S. plants {rather than government policy only create practical prob­ manufacturing them abroad in countries OF WASHINGTON lems, a.nd breed cynicism. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with better tax breaks) . No one can honestly say whether or not Has DISC done its job? Well, U.S. exports DISC wlll survive the current round of tax Friday, July 11, 1975 have skyrocketed since 1971-from $42.9 reform, which began last week with hear­ in billion to $96.5 billion in 1974. But other ings before the Ways and Means Commlttee. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker changes in the world economy since 1971 may But, if nothing else, the DISC experience­ continuation of my practice of keeping account for most (or all) of the increase; and the experience of many other tax incen­ this body informed of the activities of the general inflation; the devaluation of the tives/loopholes-holds one very clear lesson: Joint Committee on Atomic Energy's dollar (which has made U.S. products Congress can save itself (and the taxpayers) Subcommittee to Review the National cheaper for foreign buyers): the quintupling a lot of future trouble if it will resist the Bre~der Reactor Program, I have the fol­ of oil prices (which has increased demand temptation of creating more tax "incen­ from oil exporting nations for U.S. goods); lowmg report: bad crops overseas {which created an export tives." Yesterday, the subcommittee in open boom for U.S. grains), and U.S. price con­ session received testimony from invited trols (the price regulations didn't cover witnesses on the subjects of national exports, and this exemption may have POSTAL SERVICE CORPORATION­ electricity production strategy and cost­ spurred companies to emphasize exports). INCREASED WAGES, INCREASED benefit analysis of the LMFBR program. Many manufacturers wlll undoubtedly tell POSTAGE, POOR SERVICE Congress that DISC helped exports, but a During that part of the session on the U.S. Treasury study concluded that it's im­ first of these subjects, there was discus­ possible to determine the impact. A study sion of the total electricity needs of the from the Office of Management and Budget HON. JOE SKUBITZ Nation, the importance of electricity to said that the stimulus was, at best, "mod­ OF KANSAS the well-being of our economy and so­ est." The Commerce Department-the gov­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ciety, the role of the LMFBR in electric­ ernment agency most actively responsible for ity supply, and decisions and actions that encouraging exports--dissents from these Friday, July 11, 1975 must be taken to meet national energy findings. Rule Number Two: It's equally difficult Mr. SKUBITZ. Mr. Speaker, during goals. The cost-benefit disoussion in­ to estimate in advance how much a tax the time I have been a Member of Con­ cluded examination of the economic in­ loophole/incentive wm actually end up cost­ gress, perhaps the wisest vote I cast was centives of LMFBR development, valid­ ing the government. my vote against the establishment of the ity-or fallacies-in the assumptions Back in 1971, the Senate Finance Commit­ quasi-governmental Postal Service cor­ used in cost-benefit studies, economic tee had projected that the tax loss from Poration. reasons for and against the early intro­ DISC would be relatively small-about $100 Its record is a sorry one: increased duction of the breeder, and the relation­ m1llion in 1972 and $170 million in 1973. In ship of economic arguments to other fac­ fact, the cost for these years turned. out to wages, increased Postage-poor service. be $350 and $640 million, according to the I ask unanimous consent to insert in the tors, such as the nuclear fuel resource Treasury. And the cost is going up. For 1974, RECORD a copy of a letter which a con­ situation, in assessing the need for the it was an estimated $1.050 billion; in 1975 stituent of mine recently sent to the breeder. Testimony on national electric- and 1976, the Treasury projects tax losses of Postmaster General. This letter express­ ity production strategy was presented by $1.3 and $1.5 billion. es my sentiments better than I can. The Dr. Chauncey Starr, president of the Why were the oftlcial estimates so !a.r off? name of the writer ls omitted because I Electric Power Research Institute. Cost­ Unfortunately, the gap can't be put down to benefit testimony was presented by Dr. simple stupidity. All those factors that sent have not obtained her permission to re­ exports skyrocketing-well beyond expects.- print this letter: Thomas Stauffer of Harvard University, 22480 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 11, 1975 Dr. Thomas Cochran of the Natural Re­ plants now in operaiion or under construc­ not been successful, and that the planned sources Defense Council, and by Mr. tion. relationship between FFTF, CRBR and late!" Saul Strauch of the Energy Research and The urgency for proceeding with the plants is appropriate. Finally, in response to­ Development Administration. I was LMFBR arises from its ab111ty to put a cell­ a suggestion that electricity demand could ing on cumulative uranium resource demand be reduced substantially by conservation,. pleased that Congressman FRANK HORTON and accompanying ceilings on additional en­ Dr. Starr replied that, beyond the elimina­ was able to attend and participate in the richment plants. Further, the combination tion of waste uses, the potential for con­ questioning of the witnesses. of the L WR and the LMFBR provides the best servation is limited without adversely im­ My opening remarks and a summary economic system for long-term use of plu­ pacting lifestyles, and that it could not re­ of the material presented and the ensu­ tonium, and eventually approaches an elec­ place new energy supply sources as the ing discussion follow: tricity system independent of fuel resources; major means for satisfying future elec­ Le. an indefinitely continuous supply of low tricity needs. OPENING STATEMENT BY THE SUBCOMMITTEE cost electricity. Dr. Stauffer's testimony was largely based CHAIRMAN There are no credible alternatives to the on the cost-benefit study which he, in col­ Today the Joint Committee's Subcommit­ LWR-LMFBR system at the present time. It laboration with H. Wyckoff and R. Palmer,. tee to Review the National Breeder Reactor is for this reason that fosil fuel short coun­ had performed for Commonwealth Edison Program resumes public hearings. We wlll tries, such as France, have chosen this com­ Company. The main points made by Dr. hear first from Dr. Chauncey Starr, President bination to replace all their fossil fuel based Stauffer were 1) the present gross discounted of the Electric Power Research Institute, electricity generating plants. value of the economic savings from a suc­ whose testimony will focus in large part upon All other nuclear alternatives to the breed­ cessful breeder program lies between 70 and the role of converter and breeder reactors. er (uranium-thorium converters and near 100 billion dollars (in 1975 dollars); 2) the He will be followed by the remaining wit­ breeders) can have only a limited impact on undiscounted reduction in the costs of gen­ nesses who will address themselves to the uranium ore need during the next quarter erating electricity, compared with potenti­ subject of cost/benefit analysis of the liquid century, and can never achieve the long-term ally available alternatives, is $2.4 trillion (in metal fast breeder reactor. During that dis­ uranium utilization of the breeder. It is im­ 1975 dollars) or a savings of 41 % at the bus­ cussion we will receive testimony from Dr. portant to recognize that the LMFBR is in a bar; 3) this large economic advantage is Thomas Stauffer, Harvard University; Dr. state of readiness decades ahead of any other not sensitive to other nuclear alternatives Thomas Cochran, Natural Resources Defense breeder concepts. such as converters or near-breeder reactors; Council; and Mr. Saul Strauch, Energy Re­ The LMFBR is now at the demonstration 4) the advantage is relatively insensitive to search and Development Administration. stage and is ready for the initiation of a near­ the capital cost of the breeder and 5) the Dr. Donald Rice, President of Rand Cor­ commercial project. economic advantage can be appreciably re­ poration, was invited to participate in the During the question period following his duced by delays in breeder development. session on cost/ benefit analysis, but was testimony, Dr. Starr was asked why, if the Dr. Stauffer went on to say that from unable to do so because of a conflict in breeder is expected to produce such a small their technical-economic analysis, it was schedule. He has, however, submitted a state­ amount of energy by the year 2000, we need their conclusion that development of the ment which, subject to objection by any it at all. He replied that the breeder's main breeder reactor must proceed without delay member, will be included in the record of contribution comes 10-20 years later, at as a form of insurance against our nation these hearings. which time it wlll play a major role in elec­ being caught with inadequate domestic sup­ I would like to observe that during the tricity production. He also noted that every plies of cheap uranium. The other ma.in 4th of July recess, members of the Subcom­ 5 years delay in introducing the breeder re­ conclusion presented by Dr. Stauffer was mittee made a visit to Scotland, England, quires the availability of an additional one that the U.S. should accelerate its program France, and West Germany to visit breeder million tons of uranium ore, and that there of uranium exploration. Dr. Stauffer's re­ reactor facilities and review the programs of is no 8.§Surance this additional ore may be maining testimony was spent in presenting the British, French and West Germans. This available. With regard to reports that there his rationale and bases for the conclusions was a very worthwhile trip, and I believe ls a 50% probabil1ty of the existence of 13.6 reported above. that the Committee members participating million tons of uranium ore in the U.S. Dr. Cochran's testimony on cost-benefit would certainly agree that a great deal was alone, Dr. Starr noted the distinction be­ analyses reflected the work that he had done learned. Much of the information derived tween assured reserves and possible re­ with Mr. Speth and Dr. Tamplin of NRDC, from the trip presents cause for comparison sources, concluding there was little reason which was included in NRDC's report By­ with the U.S. breeder program. Without for optimism that uranium supplies would passing the Breeder. Dr. Cochran stated that dwelling now upon a detailed comparison be plentiful. he didn't share Dr. Stauffer's conclusions among the programs, I would simply like Dr. Starr was asked about the recent on the potential benefit-to-cost savings of to state that the Western European countries ERDA national energy plan submitted to the breeder. Dr. Cochran reported that the are proceeding on an aggressive program in­ Congress, which suggested that the devel­ NRDC analysis had used the ERDA model for doing the cost-benefit study but used tended to bring about early commercializa­ opment priorities of the LMFBR, solar elec­ different inputs in three key areas. These tion of the liquid metal fast breeder reactor. tricity and nuclear fusion should be equiva­ are: 1) the future electrical energy demand; Of particular note is the performance of lent, as all three energy sources will not 2) the capital cost differential between the the Phenix reactor which the French have make significant contributions until after LMFBR and conventional nuclear reactors; operated during the past year with a high the year 2000. Dr. Starr noted that the de­ and 3) the availablllty of domestic uranium on-line plant factor. Such performance velopment status of the LMFBR ls much reserves. should be the envy of operators of large fossil more advanced than the other two concepts, With respect to future electrical demand. plants and light water nuclear plants in and that substantial technical or economic Dr. Cochran stated that the value used by this country. In the very near future I plan questions exist with regard to the feasibil­ ERDA was vastly overinflated. He pointed to report to the House of Representatives ity of fusion and the economic viabiUty of out that an updated cost-benefit study by the impressions the Subcommittee received solar energy for production of electricity. ERDA had lowered the future electrical de­ during its recent visit to Europe. A copy of Dr. Starr, when asked about the possible mand by some 25% and that the recently that statement wlll be included as an ap­ use of advanced converter reactors such as issued ERDA energy plan had reported an pendix to the record of these hearings. CANDU, replled that a program for the de­ even further reduction. On the capital cost Dr. Starr, you may proceed. velopment of thorium fuel cycle reactors differential, Dr. Cochran argued that the Dr. Chauncey Starr, President, Electric should be pursued jointly with Canada, but reduced capital costs for the LMFBR that Power Research Institute, presented testi­ noted heavy water reactors cannot supplant are anticipated from large sea.le construc­ mony dealing with a strategy for national the breeder. tion of plants are not consistent with light electricity production. In his testimony Dr. With regard to suggestions made by some water reactor experience. Therefore, the Starr made the following important points: witnesses at earlier sessions that changes NRDC analyses did not include the saving We must prepare for electricity consump­ should be made in the LMFBR program, to the same extent as in the ERDA analysis. tion doubling every ten to fifteen yea.rs to the particularly in the CRBR, Dr. Starr repUed On the third point, domestic uranium sup­ end of the century to insure that our objec­ that, although we might design CRBR dif­ plies, Dr. Cochran reported the results of tives of national security and economic ferently if we started anew today, by the studies on potential uranium reserves per­ growth can be met. time the design were finished (3-5 yea.rs) it formed by independent investigators. Their Given the unacceptability of dependence would again be considered "obsolete" by conclusion was that the uranium supply on foreign oil, for the remainder o! the cen­ critics. The important point is the contribu­ could be significantly greater than that tury we have only two realistic indigenous tion CRBR would make if we go ahead with projected for the ERDA base case. sources for the bulk of the incremental elec­ it now. Dr. Starr reported the LMFBR pro­ Dr. Cochran said that with their adust­ tricity needed-clean fuel from coal, and nu­ gram needs an intermediate sized plant, that ments to the ERDA cost-benefit study, the clear power using uranium and plutonium. CRBR would fulfill its objectives, and that conclusion he reached was that the LMFBR None of the advanced concepts of energy it would be a great mistake to slow it down. would not be competitive with existing en­ production can have any but limited con­ He also commented on the relative ad­ ergy sources untll one or two decades after tribution in the next quarter century. vantages of overlapping versus sequential the turn of the century, and thus develop­ The present proven U.S. uranium resources steps in major technology programs. Dr. ment of the breeder was premature. Dr. wlll be fully needed by the nuclear power Starr believes that sequential programs have Cochran concluded with a few remarks on July 11, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2243.1 alternate energy sources and the contri­ man noted that ample funds were being pro­ lines of communication among women bution they could make in meeting our fu­ vided to all technologies. Dr. Cochran went from Israel, Egypt, and other countries, ture energy needs. on to say that he does not accept the prem­ to begin a global dialog on the subject Mr. Strauch opened his remarks by review­ ise that a delay in the breeder program of peace. ing the major conclusions from the recent will result in dollar or uranium availab111ty ERDA cost-benefit study of the LMFBR pro­ penalties. In response to a question on gram. These are that the LMFBR can (1) whether we will have lost anything if we pro­ "MEANS TEST" SHOULD BE ELIMI­ reduce the cost of electricity to the consumer ceed with the LMFBR program now and by as much as 40 % shortly after the turn then discover additional uranium reserves NATED FOR TITLE XX SENIOR of the century, (2) halve the cumulative re­ in the 1980s, Dr. Cochran replied we will lose CITIZEN SERVICES quirements of mining uranium and for per­ whatever funds are spent up till that time, forming separative work between now and and that industry pressures to continue the the year 2020, (3) provide a net savings of program will exist even if the need for the HON. PETER A. PEYSER about $150 billion in cumulative capital re­ program should decrease. OF NEW YORK quirements to the year 2020, (4) stabilize When asked by the Subcommittee Chair­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nuclear power costs at a low level by assur­ man to comment on the approach taken by ing an unlimited supply of low cost fuel for the Europeans on breeder reactor develop­ Friday, July 11, 1975 all reactor types and ( 5) provide economic ment, which is more purposeful than that Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, a terrible benefits far in excess of the R&D costs in­ in this country, Dr. Cochran noted that the situation is developing that seriously curred to develop the concept to the com­ European economies are different than ours, jeopardizes a number of services that are mercial stage. that their incentives for energy are different, Mr. Strauch examined the bases for these and that the selection of the LMFBR by other currently being provided for senior citi­ conclusions, including the current and pro­ countries could be viewed as a common-mode zens. The problem, as many Members jected future prices for uranium, the price failure, i.e., all were wrong to do so. recognize, is the so-called "means test" of nuclear power as a function of the number Dr. Stauffer was asked a concluding ques­ that is required by the new title XX of of LMFBRs, the projected electricity growth tion on uranium ore forecasts, and suggested the Social Security Act, that is to take rate, and other factors. He reported that that the people whom Dr. Cochran cited as effect on October 1, 1975. about 25 years after the commercial intro­ being optimistic on uranium avallabllity are The proposed regulations to implement duction of breeder reactors, fuel self-suf­ not geologists. Dr. Cochran replied by noting ficiency would be attained in the nuclear that some of the concerns he reported came the means test are already creating havoc industry. At that time nuclear plants would from the National Petroleum Council. The among the senior citizen community. generate electricity at the bus bar for about meeting was adjourned after these questions. Some twenty questions will be asked of 11 mils per kilowatt hour, or 40 % less than senior citizens before they can be eligible it costs today in coal fueled plants. for services, which will severely discour­ Mr. Strauch also reported the result of a ~ge older people from participating, even brief reexamination of the cost-benefit study STATE:MENT BY REPRESENTATIVE if they do meet the "means test" eligi­ to determine how the results might vary BELLA S. ABZUG ON THE DECLA­ bility requirements. Many programs ad­ with recent changes in projection of some RATION OF MEXICO of the major parameters. It was shown that ministrators across the country indicate if the breeder is available, the impact of ris­ that the majority of those who partici­ ing uranium prices becomes negligible when pate in programs now will not partici­ the system becomes fuel self-sufficient. With­ HON. BELLA S. ABZUG pate if the regulations become effective. out the breeder, uranium price increases are OF NEW YORK Frankly, I believe that the "means expected to be significant. A similar situa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES test" is too restrictive and really an in­ tion would exist with regard to the cost of dignity to our older citizens. This was separative work; without the breeder, the Friday, July 11, 1975 impact of price increases is greater. The capi­ never the intent of the Congress when tal cost of LMFBRs and the difference be­ Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, as a con­ we enacted title XX last December. If tween LMFBR and L WR costs were shown gressional adviser to the U.S. Delegation the regulations are implemented, it will to have a heavy impact on the cost of power to the International Women's Year be a severe blow to the success that the from the breeder. A $100 per kw difference meeting in Mexico City, I strongly ad­ senior citizen centers and the nutrition after the year 2000 results in an increase in vised our delegates to vote against the program for the elderly have been. It is power costs of a single LMFBR of about one :final Declaration of Mexico because of in fact ironic that we are currently going mill/kw hr. The effect of lower projected energy demands was also examined. its totally unacceptable statement that to conference to work out an expansion In his concluding remarks, Mr. Strauch Zionism must be eliminated along with of the Older Americans Act, which pi­ noted, with regard to the need for breeders, colonialism and apartheid. I am grati­ loted these innovative programs, and at that the economics of the LMFBR vs. con­ fied that they did so. the same time these programs could be verter reactors are very much a function of We must condemn any statement by in jeopardy in States that want to con­ the price of uranium. He noted that uranium a group of nations that calls for the an­ solidate them with title XX services prices are likely to increase. He also noted nihilation of a whole nation. This attack since the Older Americans Act does not that the sooner the breeder is introduced, have a "means test." the less the total cumulative requirements on Israel was not what we as women came for uranium and separative work, and the to Mexico for. It should not have been In an effort to correct this situation, sooner the electric power industry would raised in the first place, and it was U.N. I am today introducing legislation that become fuel self-sufficient. politics as usual. It was the anti-Israel would establish a criteria for participa­ In the question and answer period, Dr. bloc manipulating the women, who were tion similar to the criteria employed un­ Stauffer was asked to comment on the state­ there as instructed delegates from their der title m and title VII of the Older ment submitted for the record by Dr. D. Rice governments, and utilizing the women's Americans Act, or set by States for use of Rand Corporation, who had suggested conference for political purposes. Many of senior citizen multipurpose centers. that the capital cost differential between LMFBRs and LWRs is likely to be substan­ of the women delegates I sPoke to were It is my hope that prompt action will tially higher than the $100/kw suggested by upset by what happened and felt the be taken on this legislation in order to the AEC. Dr. Stauffer replied that the method issue should not have been injected into avoid placing these enormously valuable used by Dr. Rice in applying learning curves the proceedings. The declaration must programs in jeopardy. to breeder costs is not entirely reliable, and be regarded as more of the usual U.N. A copy of the bill follows: that if the same procedure were applied to political rhetoric, and unfortunately, it H.R. 8587 L WRs their costs would show up as $700- contributes to an atmosphere of terror­ A blll to amend title XX of the Social Secu­ 800/kw, which is a.bout twice as high as ism and violence. rity Act to provide that no State shall be actual costs. Therefore, Dr. Stauffer reported Despite this backward step, we must required to apply a means test, or limit he disagreed with Dr. Rice's findings. not overlook the historic significance of benefits on the basis of federally prescribed Dr. Cochran was asked, in comparison to this International Women's Conference income levels, in determining the individ­ the $10 billion to be spent on the LMFBR uals for whom education, transportation. program, how much he expects to be spent and its many very positive achievements, recreation, socialization, or associated on solar energy and fusion. He replied it including the unanimous adoption of the services may be provided thereunder, 1! would be a considerable amount, but could World Plan of Actlon, which outlined an such services are provided in a manner name no defl.nlte figure. He voiced his con­ excellent 10-year program of action to consistent with certain specifl.ed State cern that breeder funding would detract end economic, political and social dis­ programs from avallable funds for alternative energy crimination against women. I hope to Be It enacted by the Senate and House of technologies, but the Subcommittee Chair- :find a way to open up more informed Representatives of the United. States of Amer- 22432 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 11, 1975 ica in Congress assembled, That section 2002 monopoly will be reaping windfall profits Rt. 8, Cooperstown, to each child of the of the Social Security Act is amended by as well as the huge benefits of our country's Middlesex-Mars area. The only requirement adding at the end thereof the following new enormous investment into research and de­ being a written statement, not over 25 words, subsection: velopment of nuclear technology. You make by the child on: "(c) Notwithstanding any other provision no provisions for relieving the federal gov­ 1. "The Importance of Planting a. Tree." of this title, none of the limitations on pay­ ernment of the most costly financial bur­ 2. "How My Tree Will Grow With Me." ments to States which are contained in sub­ dens such as waste storage and security. This 3. "A Good Place to Learn About a. Tree section (a), and which are based on or ex­ is subsidizing big business and foreign gov­ is Our Local Ll-brar-y." pressed in terms of an individual's or fam­ ernments at the expense of the American Pre-schoolers may dictate their statements ily's income or an individual's or family's taxpayer. to par~nt/adult. (The seedlings are in con­ eligibility for aid, assistance, or benefits Your proposal would torpedo our national tainers which should be planted as soon as under another law or program, shall apply effort for energy self-sufficiency. Our do­ possible in loose, moist top soil, shielded with respect to expenditures made by a State mestic i'eserves of uranium are severely lim­ from direct sunlight.)-Each container flies for the provision of education, transporta­ ited and will be depleted by the 1990's. A few a small size "Old Glory" to honor our Coun­ tion, recreation, socialization, or associated weeks ago, I warned of the danger of becom­ try's Bi-Centennial; it ls suggested that chil­ services, if such services are provided (as ing dependent upon a few foreign countries dren plant their trees on or before the determined by the Secretary under regula­ for uranium, as we have become dependent Fourth of July, Independence Day, with a tions) in a manner consistent with the plan upon the Middle East for oil. "mini" parade around the home yard, etc. of the State approved under title III or title It is absurd to allow multi-national corpo­ To each seedling container ls attached a VII of the Older Americans Act of 1965 or rations to produce and sell nuclear fuel short inspirational poem relating to trees. with the law of the State relating to multi­ without adequate international controls and Mrs. Robert S. White, Librarian, Mars Public purpose senior centers.". safeguards. As you well know, the spread of Library, graciously did selective research for SEc. 2. The amendment made by the first nuclear power ls unalterably linked to the which appreciation is expressed. section of this Act shall be effective with proliferation of nuclear weapons. Your pro­ Ohlldren's statements w1ll be forwarded to respect to payments for quarters commencing posal would result in a world completely the local schools, and it is to be hoped will after September 30, 1975, as though it had armed with nuclear weapons and would de­ contribute to the child's general scholastic been incorporated in title XX of the Social stroy any chance for their control. Our armed well-being. Security Act at the time of its original enact­ forces would be powerless to cope with this Parents with children in the Mars area ment. kind of threat. This would bring the world may call at AGWAY's on Main Street, de­ several steps closer to the brink of dooms­ positing statement in the box near order day. In the last few weeks, we have seen desk, and collecting their seeedling; in the TAXPAYERS MAY PICK UP AN $8 Pakistan, Libya, Egypt, Argentina, Brazil, Middlesex area, turn off main Route 8 onto Bll.,LION TAB and South Africa enter into contracts for Old Hit. 8 (after passing Cooperstown) and nuclear power technology. India has shown turn right on Mary's Acre. us what the end result of this can be. They WHAT DO WE PLANT? HON. RONALD M. MOTTL are expected to detonate their second atomic (By Henry Abbey) OF OHIO bomb at any time. I believe in the free enterprise system, but, What do we plant when we plant a tree? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I am unalterably opposed to turning over our We plant the ship that will cross the sea; Friday, July 11, 1975 uranium enrichment facilities to a petrodol­ We plant the mast to carry the sails, lar dominated monopoly of big business. We We plant the plank to withstand the gales, Mr. MOTI'L. Mr. Speaker, I would like have seen what giant corporations and for­ The keel,·the keelson, and beam and knee. to call the attention of this House to a eign economic leverage can do to our econ­ We plant the ship when we plant the tree. matter of grave concern. President Ford omy. I am outraged that you are inviting What do we plant when we plant the tree? asked Congress on June 26 to authorize these interests to work together at a critical A thousand things that we dally see; the Government to expand the U.S. point in our economy without adequate safe­ We plant the spire that out-towers the crag: guards and with the stamp of approval and We plant the staff for our Country's Flag; uranium enrichment capacity permitting financial guarantee of the government. We plant the shade from the hot sun free-­ private enterprise to go into the busi­ Sincerely, We plant all these when we plant a tree! ness of producing and selling enriched RONALD M. MOTTL, uranium. His plan includes a Federal Member of Congress. guarantee of up to $8 billion to cover losses if private companies found, THE TOCKS ISLAND DAM PROJECT through no fault of their own, they were unable to build or profitably operate new CONCERN OVER OUR DWINDLING HON.ROBERT W. EDGAR plants to produce enriched uranium. NATURAL RESOURCES OF PENNSYLVANIA These privately owned facilities could be foreign owned, according to present IN THE HOUSE OF REPRF.SENTATIVES plans. It has been reported that Iran has HON. GARY A. MYERS Friday, July 11, 1975 already entered into negotiations for OF PENNSYLVANIA Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, the Tocks substantial investment in a consortium IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Island Dam project is a project that has called Uranium Enrichment Associates Friday, July 11, 1975 encountered such intense opposition which includes Bechtel Corp. and the Mr. MYERS of Pennsylvania. Mr. from many individuals and groups that, Goodyear Corp. Reports indicate that as a result, it is still being hotly contest­ Japan and Germany have also expressed Speaker, with so much concern today over our dwindling natural resources, I ed some 13 years after the project was interest in the project. authorized by Congress. Controversy I wrote the following letter to Presi­ was delighted to receive a communica­ tion from Mrs. Frank J. Murphy of was so intense last year, in fact, that dent Ford on June 27 expressing my Congress, rather than appropriating alarm at the administration's proposal: Mary's Acres, Valenica, Pa., who is of­ fering tree seedlings to Pennsylvania funds for the massive project, directed JUNE 27, 1975. children who write a statement on the the Corps to prepare a complete review The Honorable GERALD FORD, importance of planting a tree, how a tree of the project and its alternatives and President of the United States, have the findings ready for Congress by Washington, D.C. will grow with me, or a good place to DEAR PRESIDENT FORD: The administra­ learn about a tree is our local library. Augu.st of 1975. Thus the day of reckon­ tion's proposal to turn over our uranium Mrs. Murphy is national chairman of ing is close at hand. enrichment facilities to a foreign-dominated the Flag of the Free Committee and I Mina Hamilton Haefele, a resident of consortium of big business is an insult to commend her for her patriotism and her the area that would be flooded by the the common sense of the American people. coupling it with an effort to keep Ameri­ dam and a vocal critic of the Corps' I am outraged that you are asking Congress ca green for our future generrutions. project, addresses the issue in a recent to welcome a. foreign cartel into the heart article in Environmental Action maga­ of our nuclear power industry and to provide Her letter and a poem by Henry Ab­ bey follow: zine. I would like to share this article $8 billion to guarantee their investment. with You are asking us to turn over the most Because children instinctively love God, my colleagues: lucrative phase of this industry. In the next their country, and Mother Nature, the Flag LAsT TANGO AT TOCKS lsLAND five years the United States is expected to of the Free Committee, through its national Within one critical month, the 13-year export nearly $5 billion in uranium and en­ chairman, Mrs. Frank J. Murphy, is offering controversy over the Army Corps of Engi­ richment services. This foreign-dominated a. gift tree seedling from Mary's Acre, Old neers• huge Tocks Island Dam project m&7 July 11, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22433 be resolved by four men. The four are the control, power, and water supply needs of the time Sen. Case was pleading for an in­ governors of the states due to suffer or bene­ the region. Through the yea.rs of dam con­ dependent study. Thus environmentalists fit-depending upon your viewpoint--from troversy, critics have asked if the needs a.re, were left to puzzle over whether Case's op­ the giant construction project: Brendan in fact, real or self-serving projections con­ position to the project was not as intense Bryne of New Jersey, Hugh Carey of New ceived of by the project's promoters. Will as they had been led to believe, whether York, Milton Sha.pp of Pennsylvania, and the reservoir be able to meet those needs-­ he actually believed the Corps would con­ Sherman Tribbitt of Delaware. How the gov­ some of which are mutually incompatible? duct an impartial study, or whether he set­ ernors came to hold the future of the federal Are certain "benefits" actually going to be tled for a Corps study because he feared a dam is a complicated tale of bureaucratic "losses"? political defeat at the hands of the two maneuvering and buck-passing. But unless The Corps' ambitious plan for the Tocks notoriously pro-Corps subcommittees. the governors decide to pass the buck back Darn, the eighth largest among its hundreds The study, as it turns out, has probably to federal officials, their decision, expected of mammoth pojects, was presented in 1962 done more to damage the Corps' case for in early August, may conclude the last ma­ with an estimated construction cost of $90 Tocks than anyone could have imagined­ jor battle of the Tocks campaign. million. It has faced rough sailing from the although not because it has been fair or im­ The governors are under heavy pressure beginning. Three years later the Delaware partial. A series of marathon public hearings from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Water Gap National Reoreation Area, includ­ on draft chapters of the study have graphi­ Delaware River Basin Commission staff (a ing 60,000 acres of land surrounding the pro­ cally demonstrated its weaknesses while giv­ regional organization commission set up in posed reservoir, was created by federal offi­ ing citizens and media representatives a bet­ 1961 to develop and manage the resources of cials to make the dam project more palatable ter understanding of technical concepts re­ the basin), the AFL-CIO, 10 major power to politicians and the public. Who can be lating to the plan. As the issues surrounding companies, and state Chamber of Commerce ·against recreation? Land acquisition started the Tocks controversy have been taken away bureaus. Lined up against the project are in 1966 but construction funds were held from the experts and de-mystified, it has citizen, environmental, and consumer orga­ up first by federal budget shortages due to become increasingly evident that none of nizations such as the Ralph Nader-affiliated the Vietnam War and then by the newly­ the original justifications for the project New Jersey Public Interest Research Group formed federal Council on Environmental can withstand public scrutiny. and a coalition of over 55 national conserva­ Quality (CEQ) which opposed construction One of the most ridiculous "benefits" the tion groups. pending resolution of anticipated ecological Corps attaches to the project-and in fact Described by one major Pennsylvania daily problems in the reservoir. Meanwhile cost the one they attach the most importance to newspaper as a controversy as bitter, intense, estimates for the project soared and by 1974, in their cost/ benefit analysis-is recreation. and significant as the Alaskan Pipeline, the the latest estimate, had reached $425 million. Swimming and boating opportunities for res­ Tocks Dam battle is seen as a critical prec­ In May 1974, a rebellious Rep. Joe Evins idents in the metropolitan regions of Phila­ edent by both dam proponents and oppo­ (D-Tenn.), chairman of the public works delphia. and New York a.re listed as 44 per­ subcommittee of the House Appropriations cent of the benefit. But according to a series nents. Dozens of other bitterly contested of million dollar studies, including the on­ Army Corps and Bureau of Reclamation Committee, cast aside the CEQs objections and reported a Tocks bill with construction going Corps reevaluation of the project being Wiater resource projects-including the conducted by private consulting firms, the Dickey-Lincoln Dam in Maine, the Oakley funds. An emergency telephone and mail campaign launched by the Delaware Valley reservoir created by the Tocks dam will be Dam in Illinois, the Meramec Park Dam 1n plagued by eutrophication, a condition Missouri, to name a few current Corps boon­ Conservation Association, the New Jersey Public Interest Research Group, Friends of caused by an excessive discharge of nutrients doggles-will be greatly affected by the such as nitrogen and phosphorus into the outcome. the Earth, the New Jersey Humane Society, and the Save the Delaware Coalition was suc­ water, accelerating the growth of algae. At stake is the preservation of a 37-mile A eutrophication expert with one of the con­ section of the Delaware River which, al­ cessful in committing a. number of area. rep­ resentatives and seven senators to work for sulting firms conducting the current Corps though very polluted downstream near Phil­ study, Dr. Joseph Shapiro, says that water adelphia., is remarkably clean and wild up deletion of the project's construction funds. All of the senators from the four dam-im­ quality conditions at Tocks will be "worse" river. Also threatened are 12,000 acres of a than at Lake Erie. beautiful and undeveloped valley, rich in pacted states except Sen. Hugh Scott (R­ Pa.) then called for a "fair and impartial" Water at Tocks will be murky, sustain algal wildlife habitat, unexplored archaeological blooms from spring to fall, and says the New sites, 18th century historic homes. Al­ reevaluation of the project. Unfortunately, a month later the job creating a fair and Jersey Medical Society which ls on record in though just on the edge of creeping megalop­ opposition to the project, may present a olis (65 miles from New York City, 70 from impartial review had landed in the lap of the dam's main proponent, the Army Corps health hazard because of possible salmonella Philadelphia), the threatened river and val­ contamination. As if these factors were not ley have remained virtually untouched by of Engineers. Originally Sen. Clifford Case (R-N.J.) had enough to call into question the recreational post World War II suburban sprawl. While "benefit" of the project, in addition, fluctu­ New Jersey has a population density of over argued persuasively for an independent study to be conducted by the National Acad­ ations in the water levels of the reservoir 1000 persons per square mile, this western will create an unsightly bathtub ring of edge had a density in one township of 60 emy of Sciences, the Council on Environ­ mental Quality, or by Congress' Office of mudfia.ts through which recreationists will per square mile in 1960; -now due to ongoing have to wade to reach the water's edge. Using land acquisition for the Tocks project, that Technology Assessment. At the same time, however, the senator was pressing for con­ the Army Corps' own figures, there will be figure is declining radically. tinued land acquisition funds, a course of an average of 3000 acres of mudflats in an Herds of wild turkey roam through the action opposed by .those who realized that average year and 8000 in a drought year. The hemlock forests, bald eagle nest a.long the giving more land to the Corps would only Corps has proposed trucking in artificial sand banks of the gently rifting Delaware, fox, increase the project's momentum. and gravel to hide the mudflats from view­ deer, raccoon, bear, possum a.bound while Members of the public works subcommit­ but the sand would be dumped along a few mountain cats have occasionally been sited. tee of the Senate Appropriations Committee miles of rthe 100-mile shoreline and would be Through some of the richest farmland in lined up against Case's proposal for an in­ rapidly degraded when washed away by the East and shaded rhododendrum glens dependent study. Several key committee eutrophied water. passes the Old Mine Road, one of the longest members did not want to establish a prece­ But even if the water quality at Tocks colonial roads in the U.S. The 100-mile dent of having other federal agencies evalu­ turned out to be acceptable there remains stretch was bullt by tthe Dutch in the mid- ate the Corps because present or potential the question of whether federal taxpayers 17th century to carry copper ore from mines pork barrel projects 1n their districts might should finance a huge reservoir catering pre­ located near the Dela.ware Water Gap up to have been affected. By August word was out dominantly to energy-intensive water-skiing Kingston, New York and from there down that the study would be conducted by the and motor-boating. There is no reliable evi­ the Hudson to New Amsterdam (now Man­ Corps wlih the cooperation of the Delaware dence that the reservoir would provide more hattan) and perhaps a.cross the Atlantic to River Basin Commission. Sen. Case and his desirable forms of recreation than would a Holland. (Dutch settlers came into the area colleagues apparently accepted the argument fil"ee-flowing river and natural, scenic valley. by way of the Upper Delaware, long before that a fa.tr study could be achieved through In fact, many Tocks opponents think the Wlllia.m Penn started a community down­ public hearings and the scrutiny of the Com­ best resolution of the oonfiict would be to stream in Philadelphia.) As a recreational mission, which had been vigorously lobbying place all of the land acquired by the federal resource, the area offers an excellent shad for Tocks since 1962. The threat of a floor government in a new national park to in­ run, New Jersey's finest trout fishing, deer, fight over the study was dropped by Case sure its future protection. grouse and pheasant hunting, hiking, canoe­ and legislation mandating the review was Flood control, although initially one o! ing, and swimming in the gentle and clean passed in August. the prime justifications for Tocks, has be­ Delaware. Significantly, only three weeks later the come a mere 13 percent of the projected bene­ But all this is threatened with extinction. Corps sent a letter to both subcommittee fit. Ba.ck in 1955 two hurriances, Connie and The proposed Tocks Island Dam would fiood chairmen urging them to authorize the shift Diane, hit the Delaware within one week 12,000 acres of the scenic valley on a regu­ of land acquisition funds from another causing millions o! doUars of property dam~ lar basis, and an additional 6,000 acres on an Corps project over to Tocks. Both subcom­ "infrequent" basis, according to the Corps, age and the loss of 99 lives. The U.S. Geologi­ mittees subsequently granted approval to cal Survey Viewed the coincidence of two hur­ to create a multi-purpose reservoir sup­ this step even though they had adamantly ricanes as a freak occurrence with a likel1- posedly designed to meet recreational, flood opposed continued land acquisltion during hood o! occurring once every 200 yea.rs. But CXXI--1413-Part 17 22434 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 11, 1975 the disaster provided needed ammunition not being used to capacity attests to the non­ jections, but the downstream nuclear plants for pro-dam. interests who had been eyeing urgency of the New Jersey water crisis. continued to march through the seemingly the Dela.ware since the beginning of the cen­ The city of Philadelphia, which draws most inexorable licensing process during 1974 and tury. Furthermore, the 99 lives were all lost of its water from the Delaware, wants Tocks the first half of 1975. on a. tributary-the Broadhead Creek-and to assure an adequate flow of fresh water In this writer's estimation, the real pres­ not a drowning would have been prevented down the river during times of drought to sure point in the drive for the Tocks dam even if Tocks had been constructed before prevent any saline intrusion into its munici­ remains the Limerick nuclear plant which, 1955. But that did not stop the wheels of pal water supply system at Torresdale. Back though temporarily halted by a court cuit, is ..progress." in the drought of the 60s, what is known as though temporarily halted by a court suit, Congress called in the Army Corps of Engi­ the saline front or barrier--0r water too sa­ is partially constructed. Just how much pro­ neers, which embarked on a. three-year study line for potabillty-moved up the Delaware Tocks lobbying Philadelphia Electric is bring­ and then recommended construction of 39 Bay to within 10 miles of the Torresdale in­ difficult to assess but the governor remains minor dams and eight major ones-including takes. At the time, there was considerable (at this writing) the only governor in the Tocks. Today, 20 years later, 17 major and concern about this threat to Phlladelpia's four state region who strongly supports the minor dams have been built in the Dela.ware water supply system. The threat was intensi­ dam. For yea.rs, the Save the Delaware Coali­ River basin. However, it is increasingly ac­ fied when officials in New York City, which tion has tried with no success to break cepted that what is needed is not more dams draws more than half of its water from the through the wall of pro-Tocks advisors that but more flood plain zoning, flood insurance, Upper Delaware several hundred miles north, surround Sha.pp. Rumor has it that Sha.pp fioodproofing of structures already on the refused to release water from its Delaware may be "softening" his position, but it may fiood plain. New Jersey has already passed a reservoir system. be that he is fearful 'that, if he opposes good flood plain zoning law &nd similar legis­ For years one of the persistent cries of Tocks, the Corps will not proceed with other lation is pending in the PenFk7 lvania assem­ Tocks dam proponents has been that the sa­ Pennsylvania flood control projects to which bly. If this legislation is fUll1 implemented line barrier must never-ever-reach the Tor­ he has become committed since Hurricane the need for a dam is reduced dramatically. resdale intakes. The threat was effectively Agnes devastated Wilkes-Barre, Harrisburg, Power benefits from Tocks are tiny ( 11 killed a brief month ago when Madigan­ and Scranton in 1974. percent of the projected "benefit") because Praeger, the consultants hired by the Army Hopefully the vice-presidential ambitions the conventional hydroelect ric facllity plan­ Corps, estimated that the drought of the of Governor Shapp will make him see a po­ ned for the dam site would generate a mere 40 1960s had a probability of occurring once litical advantage to shifting his position on megawatts. Currently, there is talk of pulling every 100 to 500 years. In other words, Tocks, Tocks. In the meantime, New Jersey's Gov. in a private pumped storage project planned a dam with a probable lifetime of a.bout 50 Byrne, who canoed down the Delaware in for the top of the Kittatiny Mountain, to in­ years, was to be constructed to prevent a August 1974, has said he sees no motive to fiate power benefits in the cost/ benefit ratio disaster which would very likely not occur destroy the river unless there are "compelling to 72 percent. But this last minute juggling during that lifetime. reasons" to do so. But the governor is under of the ratio would seriously undermine the The third water-related "need" for Tocks heavy pressure from some labor union leader­ Corps fa111ng credib111ty regarding the alleged is t he staggering consumptive requirements ship and from utilities which might add up purposes of the project. Additionally, there of a conglomerate of 15 nuclear power plants planned for the basin. (Of course, giant to "compelling reasons." New York's Gov. is some doubt about whet her it would be Carey has not yet taken a formal position on legal for the Corps to mix private and public fossil fuel plants also evaporate vast amounts of cooling water but the nuclear plants, due Tocks but the New York State Attorney Gen­ benefits in calculating the project's benefits. eral Louis Lefkowitz on May 22 at a Delaware Water supply now accounts for about 35 to high thermal inefficiency, consume about 50 percent more water than the fossil plants.) River Basin Commission hearing severely percent of the projected benefits in the criticized the recreational aspects of the cost/benefits ratio. (We say now since, as For years, Tocks opponents argued that a hidden justification for the dam was the project and suggested that New York City with so many Corps reservoir projects open up its water supply reservoirs (now throughout the land, the cost/benefit ratio series of planned nukes but Corps and Dela­ ware River Basin Commission press releases closed to the public) if, indeed, fiatwater rec­ on Tocks has fluctuated wildly over the reation ls so urgently needed by the metro­ yea.rs.) Water for whom has long been the carefully avoided the controversial topic. That secrecy ended in 1972 when a reporter politan region. It is not clear whether Gov. question of dam critics. Carey shares Lefkowitz's view of the ques­ Back in 1961, Maurice Goddard, Pennsyl­ at the Easton (Pa.) Express released a. hith­ erto unpublicized master siting plan pre­ tion. Delaware Gov. Tribbitt has not ta.ken vania's Secretary of Environmental Re­ a formal position on the dam and is expected sources, claimed that Tocks was needed so pared by 10 utilities for the Dela.ware River Basin Commission. At the time a large num­ to side with whatever majority opinion that population, housing, and industry in the emerges. Delaware basin could double within the next ber of public officials including then gov­ 50 years. Why an alleged conservationist was ernor of New Jersey, W1lliam Cahill, and sev­ (and, as far as we know, stm ls) promoting eral of the area's U.S. representatives alleged an unlimited, exponential growth ethic has surprise at the plan while the Corps insisted SUBCOMMITTEE ON CRIME TO CON­ long been a source of fascination to dam. that the nuclear power plants were not CLUDE HEARING SCHEDULE ON critics. In fact, a large part of the Tocks "relevant" to Tocks. FEDERAL FIREARMS LEGISLA­ controversy involves a conflict between over The now-defunct Atomic Energy Commis­ TION THIS MONTH 50 policy makers such as Maurice Goddard sion (AEC), however, was well aware of the and James Wright, executive director of the connection between Tocks and downstream Dela.ware River Basin Commission, who ap­ nuclear power plants. As far back as 1972, HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. parently are wedded to the exponential the AEC called for a delay in the ongoing OF MICHIGAN licensing process of two giant 1000 megawatt growth ethic of the 1940s and 1950s, and a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES younger generation of government personnel Philadelphia Electric nukes at Limerick, Pa., educated to the limitations of natural re­ noting that the ut111ty was presuming the Friday, July 11, 1975 construction of Tocks to provide cooling sources and sensitive to the negative effects Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, I am of untrammeled growth, such as Tom O'Ne111, water for the plants. The AEC observed' the executive assistant to the Commissioner of uncertainty regarding Tocks and requested pleased to announce that the Subcom­ Environmental Protection in New Jersey. Philadelphia Electric to agree to provide an mittee on Crune of the House Commit­ Over the years three major uses of Tocks alternative water supply source in the event tee on the Judiciary will conclude its water have emerged from the tangled web of that the dam was not built. schedule of hearings on amendments to the controversy: The more the dam's critics examine the the Gun Control Act of 1968 during the New Jersey wants 300 milUon gallons per nuclear power connection, the more it seems month of July. day (mgd) from the Delaware, though no that Tocks is a direct federal subsidy to pri­ vate power companies. Without the project, On Thursday, July 17, Rex D. Davis. one quite knows where this demand projec­ Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, To­ tion figure ca.me from. Even 1f the 300 mgd the companies would either have to build ts a valid need (which is debatable), it can and finance their own private reservoirs or bacco and· Firearms, Department of the be met by a feasible and economic alternative locate the plants further down the Dela.ware Treasury will appear before the Subcom­ in the estuary, using brackish water for cool­ to Tocks known as high-ft.ow skimming. Ac- mittee for the fourth time to close his ing purposes which, due to the need for spe­ discussion of the Bureau's administra­ cording to a study prepared by a group of cial equipment, costs about 25 percent more Princeton University scientists and econo­ than fresh water cooling. Tocks critics ques­ tion and enforcement of the provisions mists (Freeman, Mills and Kinsman), water tioned the wisdom or necessity of building of the Gun Control Act. could be pumped from the Delaware to al­ 15 nuclear power plants in the first place­ On Monday, July 21, the subcommittee ready-constructed reservoirs during periods pla.nts which assumed an outmoded demand will travel to the city of Atlanta, Ga., of high ft.ow (winter and spring) and pumped projection of a seven percent annual growth for the fifth in its series of regionalized to northern New Jersey during periods of rate or of electrical demand doubling every hearings on this issue. Invitied witnesses low fl.ow (summer and fall). That one of 10 years. This year the power companies have include: The Honorable Maynard Jack­ these reservoirs was built in 1958 and still is ever so slightly reduced thetr demand pro- son, Mayor of Atlanta; members of the July 11, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22435 Atlanta City Council; William N. Griffin, American Citizens has been promoting Chicago, Ill. regional director, Southeast region, Bu­ programs in the fields of civil rights, Topeka, Kans. reau of Alcohol, Tobacco r.nd Firearms; housing and manpower. Two years ago, Seattle, Wash. J. P. Strom, Chief of the Law Enforce­ the league made a decided impact in the Pomona, Calif. ment Division of the State of South Car­ realm of education by creating the na­ San Francisco, Calif. olina; representatives of the Georgia tional education service centers. Today, Corpus Christi, Tex. State Crime Commission and the Metro­ on its second anniversary, Rodolfo Cas­ Houston, Tex. politan Atlanta Council on Crime and tro, the national executive director and Boston, Mass. Juvenile Delinquency; and representa­ Richard Salvatierra, the assistant na­ tives of the local business, civil and med­ tional dire tor, look optimistically toward ical communities. the future. Representatives of major handgun The LNESC program is national in SOVIET NAVAL POWER OUTSTRIPS manufacturers are expected to appear on scope and maintains field offices in nine THE WEST Wednesday, July 23, along with Gen. States across the country and in the Dis­ Maxwell Rich, executive vice president of trict of Columt>ia. The program has three the National Rifle Association, Milton major goals: HON. LARRY McDONALD Eisenhower, former Chairman of the Na­ To increase the number of education­ OF GEORGIA tional Commission on the causes and ally disadvantaged and poverty level stu­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Prevention of Violence, Lloyd CUtler of dents in American colleges and universi­ Friday, July 11, 1975 the National Council to Control Hand­ ties with special emphasis on Spanish guns, and others. surnamed students. Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. Invited to present the views of their To increase the retention rate of these Speaker, the increase of Soviet naval respective departments within the cur­ students in the colleges and universities. power in recent years should concern rent administration on Thursday, July To increase the awareness of these ed­ every Member of this Congress who truly 24, are the Honorable Edw_ard H. Levi, ucational problems of the Spanish sur­ represents the interests of his constit­ Attorney General of the United States, named to the rest of the country. uency. Soviet maritime vessels pose a and David R. McDonald, Assistant Sec­ LNESC works to provide effective threat to American shipping and also retary for Enforcement, U.S. Department counseling and informa .tion on educa­ serve to advance its political ends around of the Treasury. tional opportunities to disadvantaged the world which have proven in the past Finally, on Friday, July 25, the sub­ people, with emphasis on Spanish sur­ to be destructive of freedom. In addi­ committee will complete its regional named individuals. In addition, LNESC tion, the constant presence of Soviet in­ hearing schedule in New York City. generates financial aid through such telligence ships and submarines off the Among others invited to testify are: The means as scholarships, grants, student coasts of the United States should not Honorable Abraham D. Beame, Mayor loans and work-study programs. As of be taken lightly as we seem to have done. of New York City; police commissioners May 1975, LNESC has provided the fol­ Finally, America's naval defense forces Michael J. Codd of New York City, Rob­ lowing services : have been "outstripped" as Prof. Wayne ert DiGrazia of Boston, and Joseph F. 14,000 plus students have been ac­ Lutton has recently noted in Christian O'Neill of Philadelphia; Robert J. Del cepted into colleges and/or universities. Crusade Weekly of February 23, 1975. Tufo, first assistant attorney general, 7,200 students have enrolled in post Professor Lutton, a faculty member of State of New Jersey; M. L. Goodwin, act­ secondary schools of their choice. the American Christian College has pub­ ing regional director, North Atlantic re­ 26,439 students have received some lished a series of two articles on this gion, and Marvin 0. Shaw, Jr., Regional form of counseling/ assistance. subject. The first installment follows: Director, Mid-Atlantic region, Bureau of $6,975,119 have been generated as fi­ SOVIET NAVAL POWER OUTSTRIPS THE WEST Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms; and nancial aid. Informed Americans are aware of the dra­ Sheriff John J. Buckley of Middlesex Thus far, LNESC has had a significant matic shift in military power that has taken County, Mass. national impact in upgrading the edu­ place in recent years, with the United States The sites for these hearings are as fol­ cational skills of a segment of our popu­ slipping from a position of u nquestioned superiority over the Soviet Union to one lows: Thursday, July 17, room 2141, Ray­ lation which has traditionally been de­ usually described as "rough strategic parity." burn House Office Building; Monday, nied the equal opportunity of higher What has escaped general public attention July 21, studios of WETV-TV, Channel education. LNESC has been instrumental has been the equally steady erosion of U.S. 30, 740 Bismark Road, northeast, Atlanta, in providing opportunities for students seapower, which until the past year or two Ga.; Wednesday, July 23, room 2141, by assisting in their enrollment in col­ had been our most important safeguard Rayburn House Office Building; Thurs­ leges and universities in obtaining fi­ against the Soviets. day, July 24, room 2141 Rayburn House Today, the Soviet Union has the world's nancial assistance so that they can enter largest and most modern surface fleet; the Office Building; and Friday, July 25, and remain in school. largest and most modern ocean research and main floor auditorium, U.S. Mission to Early in 1975, LNESC expanded its intelligence gathering fleet; and the largest the United Nations Building, 799 United services even further by instituting the and most potent submarine fleet in existence. Nations Plaza, New York, N.Y. All Wash­ LULAC scholarship fund. The objective Soviet warships now operate in the Mecliter­ ington hearings will begin at 9: 30 a.m., of this fund is to make moneys available ranean and Caribbean Seas, the Atlantic, and the regional hearings will begin at for educational expenses to those worthy Pacific, and Indian Oceans, and the northern 8:30 Baltic and Norwegian Seas. Russian subma­ a.m. and qualified individuals in order that rines-a number armed with strategic nu­ Anyone wishing to testify or to submit they may be free to pursue their post clear missiles-regularly cruise along the a statement should contact the Commit­ secondary educational interests. This coasts of the U.S. Before too much longer, tee on the Judiciary, room 2137 Rayburn fall, approximately 40 Spanish surnamed a number of well-informed observers feel House Office Building, Washington, D.C. high school students will be able to at­ that the Soviets may be in the position where tend the universities or colleges of their they can prevent the US and other Western choice because of the generous response countries from using the world's sea.lanes from organizations across the country to and thus devastate our economy and end HAPPY ANNIVERSARY LNESC America as we know it. the LULAC fund. At present, this pro­ Russia has traditionally been a land­ gram is projected not only to expand, in oriented power, concentrating the greatest order to rea.ch more deserving individu­ share of her :finances and other resources on HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER als, but also to retain those scholarship the expansion of her army. As students of OF COLORADO recipients already in process of attaining history know, Russia has always had an ag­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their degrees. gressive foreign policy and has evolved from LNESC looks and works toward a the small feudal Duchy of Moscow t.o the Friday, July 11, 1975 brighter tomorrow for the Spanish sur­ largest land power in the world. Thirty yea.rs ago, Soviet sea power was un­ Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, July named students of this country. important. The Russian Navy had received a 11 marks the second anniversary for the LNESC's field centers are located in: few German submarines and cruisers. such LULAC National Education Service Cen- Colorado Spring, Colo. as the Prinz Eugen and Nurnberg, at the end ters-LNESC. Phoenix, Ariz. of World War II. Yet the strength of the LULAC, the League of United Latin Albuquerque, N. Mex. Navy was at an all-time low. 22426 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 11, 1975 During the post-war period. the Soviets UNFAIR HIKES IN GASOLINE PRICES gained control of Eastern Europe and former American public that Congress is indeed Japanese sites in the Pacific ::i.nd Moscow looking out for their best interests. It realized that their strategic position required HON. LEO C. ZEFERETTI is our duty to assure those throughout an ocean-going fleet that had the ability to the country that we will not condone challenge US warships in Europe, the Middle OF NEW YORK unwarranted and unnecessary increase East, and Asia. With the forced assistance of IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES in gasoline prices when the oil com­ captured German scientists and technicians, Friday, July 11, 1975 panies are, at the same time, enjoying the Soviets began to build a large number of unprecedented profits. We can not and surface cruisers and submarines. Through Mr. ZEFERETTI. Mr. Speaker, very must not ignore the recent actions on the 1957, the Russians constructed 235 "Whiskey" recently, on the eve of the July 4 holiday class attack submarines-more submarines weekend, the major oil companies sud­ part of these oil companies. If we do, than the rest of the world's navles combined we will have to answer to our constitu­ denly, and in general concert, raised the ents at home. built from 1945 to that year. By 1957 the price of gasoline. The effect was im­ Russians also had 14 new cruisers designed for commerce raiding in the Atlantic-more mediate, and the victims were all those cruisers than the US possessed at that time. who had planned to spend their long Admiral Arleigh Burke, then Chief of Naval weekend on the road. Operations, warned President Eisenhower However, those weekend travelers are REPORT OF THE MURPHY that, "Without the air protection afforded only a small Portion of Americans who COMMISSION by carriers, the US would be hard put to pro­ will be seriously affected by the rise in tect shipping and its surface combat forces gasoline prices. What about the daily on the high seas." commuters, those with already strained When Khrushch~v finally gained power in HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD Russia, Admiral S. G. Gorshkov was appoint­ budgets who will have to spend more on OF MICHIGAN ed Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Navy. their daily necessities of life? And, what IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He is still in command. Under Korshov the about the poor and elderly, always hard Soviets quickly narrowed the early US lead pressed by such economic policies who Friday, July 11, 1975 in nuclear-powered submarines and by 1960 will certainly be the hardest hit by 'these Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, for were producing three types of advanced un­ price hikes? In addition to these cate­ the past several months I have been priv­ dersea craft: torpedo attack "November gories of Americans, are the unemployed Class," anti-ship cruise missile "Echo," and ileged to serve as a member of the Com­ ballistic missile "Hotel" versions. who will sustain severe economic losses mission on the Organization of the Gov­ In spite of Soviet gains, in 1960 the US st111 by the action on the part of the oil com­ ernment for the Conduct of Foreign Pol­ had the most powerful fleet in the world. panies since they must travel, and pur­ icy. The Commission, chaired by the The Mediterranean was considered to be an chase gasoline, in their steady hunt for Honorable Robert D. Murphy presented "American Lake" with the Sixth Fleet having jobs. its report to the President on June 27. some 50 ships and 200 carrier-based planes, Therefore, it seems to me that what It is a good report, and I hope it will be some armed with nuclear weapons that could we have witnessed is an extreme case of widely read by Members of Congress. be sent against the Soviet Union. As a re­ opportunism on the part of the major sult, the US was able to land Marines in The impact of any Commission report Lebanon in July 1958 to prevent Communist­ oil companies at the worst possible mo­ is inevitably diluted by statements of dis­ led rebels from toppling the existing pro­ ment for the people of our Nation. And, sent or declarations from individual Western government. Because of US naval this is compounded by the commonly members regarding specific points of strength, the Soviet Union was unable to held notion that this represents only contention. The recommendations of the assist the Red insurgents and was forced to the beginning; we will see further price Murphy Commission were reached watch while the US prevented a Communist hikes following in fairly swift succession through majority vote. While every effort takeover in the Middle East. in the near future. John F. Kennedy took office as President in was made to achieve consensus and to January 1961 and from this point on the US In addition, we are also confronted vent conflicting views, the proposals ob­ Navy would have its striking power eroded with the possibility of total decontrol of viously cannot reflect, with any consist­ while that of the Soviets increased sharply. domestic oil prices. This, I believe, would ency, the unanimous views of the Com­ Kennedy brought in Robert S. McNamara as deal the final blow to the consuming mission members. Secretary of Defense and he, probably more public, on whom the burden would in­ Readers of the report will note that I, than any other individual, undermined the evitably fall. along with several other members, have US defense forces and insured ascendancy The profits of the international oil chosen to identify in supplementary or Soviet arms. As readers may recall, it was industry have been approximately $60 McNamara who prevented US military leaders statements certain areas of disagreement from educating our armed forces regarding billion over the 4-year period from 1970 with the Commission findings. Rather the Communist threat and censored their to 1974. Their accumulated tax benefits, than emphasize my differences with the public speeches by deleting any references reserved for any dip in profits, cushion Commission, which are limited, specific, to increasing Soviet power. McNamara was any financial loss they might sustain. and were made apparent during the also a leading member of the "no win" pack Their advertising costs are all deductible. course of the deliberations, I would pre­ during the Vietnam War. It was not without Therefore, in therlong run, the oil com­ fer to underscore my SUPPort for the reason that Sen. Barry Goldwater stated: panies have been, for the last several basic thrust of the report, the vast ma­ "McNamara has given more aid and comfort years, reaping in the profits, and are, jority of the proposals it makes and to the enemy than all of the ranting Vietnik to marches and rallies, all the teach-ins and as a result of the new policies, guaran­ state my admiration for the manner in everything else ... On that point alone Mc­ teed to reap even more. And, who are which the Commission fulfilled its man­ Namara must be counted as more valuable the losers in this game? The service date. to the enemy, and more damaging to our own station operatars and the consuming I am concerned that the various sup­ men in the field, than a couple of new di­ public-you and me. plementary statements, particularly that visions of Communist infantry." (Chicago It is most regrettable that these major of Senator MANSFIELD, will be taken as an Tribune, September 9, 1967) oil companies have chosen by these ac­ indication that the Commission has Starting in 1962-63 the Soviets introduced tions to confirm the worst suspicions somehow failed to live up t.o expectations new Kynda missile cruisers and Ka.shin mis­ sile frigates. The ships were highly innova­ many Americans have harbored about or has sidestepped the hard issues. tive. The Kynda 1s a "shlp killer," with tubes them for a long time. It is my feeling This, I feel, would be a most unfortu­ for the SS-N-3 Shaddock mlsslle, which has a. that the Congress should, therefore, not nate and unfair interpretation. After range o! up to 400 miles. A number of these let this kind of profiteering go unchal­ nearly 6 months of association with the are now in operation. The Ka.shin frigates lenged. Several sets of hearings have Commission on the Organization of the are the world's first large gas-turbine war­ been slated by various committees to Government for the Conduct of Foreign ships, armed with twin anti-aircraft missile deal with the recent actions by the oil Polley, I can attest to the dedication and launchers, five torpedo tubes, antisubmarine companies. It is my hope that substantive professionalism of the entire operation. weapons and heavy guns. The Soviets have built about twenty of these modern ships. remedies will emerge from them. The fact that several Commission rec­ The U.S. Navy did not have a ship similar I am not advocating Government in­ ommendations run contrary to, or do not to the Ka.shin class untll 1974, when Spru­ tervention in American business. I am meet the requirements of, strongly felt ance class frigates went to sea, more than a not calling for control on the part of views of some Commission members does decade after the Soviets had their first Kash­ Congress. However, I do strongly believe not detract from the merit or usefulness lns. that the time has come to reassure the of the overall report. Nor. does it preju- July 11, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS dice the decisions reached by a majority than a decade of legislative actions di­ the Messiah Family felt it had to take the of the Commissioners. rected at the problem of providing qual­ lead in saying, 'Happy Birthday Amer­ The Commission repcrt deals with ity health care to every member of our ica.' " I am sure that the efforts involved complex issues important to the future society. Some tough problems will still be in arranging this grand Bicentennial fair conduct of diplomacy; it reflects the best with us, and we should remind ourselves will prove worthwhile and it is my hope judgment of Commission members drawn of them. For example, we are sending out that other communities around the Na­ from the general public, the Congress doctors to remote parts of the country tion will be inspired by this event and and from the Executive. The report that frequently have no clinics, much plan similar Bicentennial activities of should be judged on its merits, which are less a hospital. How can the people who their own. substantial, and not on preconceptions. will be served by these doctors pay for The various pro:posals contained in the their health care? Health insurance cov­ Commission rePort constitute a valuable erage now available will not pay for out­ DAVID CHIN, HONORARY MAYOR foundation on which to base future de­ patient visits, or care received in a clinic. cisions regarding the conduct and or­ We should also antieiipate the special HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON ganization of our foreign affairs. There health care needs in areas of intense OF CALIFORNIA will be ample opportunity to debate their energy development. Right now they are relevance and cogency. I look forward to inaccessible, sparsely inhabited parts of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES participating in this dialog and believe the country. But in a decade these areas Friday, July 11, 1975 the report of the Murphy Commission will be teeming with new development. Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. has provided a well-reasoned, indispens­ Scores of workers and their families will Speaker, oI). July 26 the people of San able point of departure. be moving in and, of course, will gen- Pedro, Calif., will honor one of the most erate a huge demand for health care unselfish and dedicated men in their facilities. I ask my colleagues that while community, Mr. David Chin. they are considering this health man- . For the past year, Mr. Chin has been WE ARE EXPERIENCING A CRISIS power legislation, they keep in mind the honorary mayor of San Pedro. A IN HEALTH CARE that we still have a long way to go to restaurant owner by trade, David has providing health care to the entire worked long and hard for the betterment country. of San Pedro, and the entire harbor com- HON. TIMOTHY E. WIRTH munity. Last year he was the top fund­ OF COLORADO raiser for the Harbor Area Retarded IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THE CENTRAL ISLIP, N.Y., EPISCO- Children's Foundation. Friday, July 11, 1975 PAL CHURCH OF THE MESSIAH A list of David Chin's many activities and accomplishments would go on for­ Mr. WffiTH. Mr. Speaker, today we ever. Besides serving as San Pedro's hon­ are experiencing a crisis in health care. HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY orary mayor, he is the director of the This bill takes an effective first step in OF NEW YORK San Pedro Chamber of Community De­ moving us toward a solution of this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES velopment and Commerce. David Chin is crisis. Since 1963 the Federal Govern­ also deputy district governor of the Lions ment has pumped large amounts of sup­ Friday, July 11, 1975 Club, as well as a member of San Pedro's port into our country's medical schools, Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. Elks Lodge No. 966. and the number of students enrolled in Speaker, as our great Nation enters the His involvement in community service medical school has doubled in that pe­ year of its 200th birthday, many com­ organizations has been extraordinary. riod of time. We have arrived at a point munities and organizations are in the David Chin is a keystone supporter of the where we no longer suffer from an acute process of arranging special activities to San Pedro Boys Club, and is a director shortage of doctors and nurses and other celebrate this historic date. The Episco­ of the San Pedro and Peninsula branch health professionals. We must now ask pal Church of the Messiah in Central of the Young Men's Christian Associa­ where those doctors and nurses are, and Islip, N.Y. has made an outstanding con­ tion. He is also an associate member of what kinds of medicine they are trained tribution to intensify the Bicentennial the Young Women's Christian Associa­ and willing to do. spirit. I am proud that this church is tion, harbor area headquarters. In addi­ At the moment we find most of our part of my congressonal district. tion, David Chin is a member of the Har- · physicians working in the cities and The Episcopal Church of the Messiah bor Area Ethnic Political Coalition. suburbs and practicing specialized medi­ recently received White House attention Dave Chin has been active in the City cine that many people cannot afford. for its Bicentennial efforts. President Beautification Committee, the Los Ange­ The health manpower bill addresses this Gerald Ford praised the "patriotism and les Police Department Booster Club, Har­ question. It recognizes that we need to public spirit" behind the planning for the bor Division, and is a member of the Har­ produce more providers of primary care. Bicentennial fair, which is to be held at bor Police Community Council. He also It supports training for nurse prac­ the church this month. The personal in­ sits on the advisory selection committee titioners, physician assistants, and den­ terest taken by the President in this for community recognition awards for tal auxiliaries, who can bring health care important Bicentennial event deeply Los Angeles Harbor College. to people who seldom have access to a touched the members of the church com­ Charitable affairs have also benefited doctor. This bill also provides support munity. from David Chin's activities. He has par­ for medical training in family practice, Members of the church have been hard ticipated in the Christmas parade, and a field that more and more young doctors at work for months planning this note­ Christmas cheer for the needy; and has are expressing an interest in. worthy Bicentennial fair. They aim to helped and supported the House of Hope, The bill also strengthens the Public provide family fun and a glimpse of old­ the Salvation Army, the United Crusade, Health Service Corps. It would bring fashioned Americana for members of the the City of Hope, and fund-raising drives more doctors out of the cities and sub­ Islip community. According to Father for heart disease and cancer research. urbs and into the parts of our country Rocco D. Grimaldi, Vicar of the Episco­ Mr. Speaker, I feel that David Chin that rarely see one, places where health pal Church of the Messiah, the theme of represents the best in any community. care systems are minimal or insufficient. the fair is "The Spirit of '76 in '75." Although a successful businessman for Finally, the legislation continues the Youngsters will enjoy the "Bicentennial over 25 years, he has not let that rest as area health education center program. Bounce" in addition to other rides, games his sole legacy. Instead, he has made a This carries health education programs and treats. Church members dressed in determined effort to benefit the com­ to remote communities and helps retrain colonial costume.:; will provide "down­ munity at every opportunity. David's rec- health professionals in the middle of home" food, products, and other special ord of concern and action on behalf of their careers, as well as provide the bicentennial events. the people of San Pedro stands as the health consumer with a wider awareness Father Grimaldi summed up the senti­ greatest tribute anyone could possibly of health care facilities. ment behind the fair by remarking, "as make about this outstanding community This bill is just another step in more a good neighbor to Islip Town since 1869, leader. 2243'8 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 11, 1975 I would also like to take this time to working hours, having to negotiate every as­ their homes has increased tremendously, congratulate Sin Choy, Dave Chin's love­ pect of their work. The former "Provincial and the cost of living continues to climb, ly wife, and his four daughters, Shirley, Medical Otllcers," often grossing $30,000 a year, were, by governmental decision renamed although at a lesser pace than last year. May Ling, Susan, and May Sin. "District Medical Officers" and had to see I urge my colleagues on the House their income drop sharply in addition to a committee to accept the Senate figures. confiscatory tax increase. Our disabled veterans need and deserve This and other parts of the Swedish wel­ our support. THE FAILURE OF SOCIALIZED fare system have led to a tax of 50 % for the MEDICINE IN SWEDEN average worker, surely the highest in the world. He has very little chance of setting HON. LARRY McDONALD aside any money when the cost of living eats THE PLIGHT OF THE JURGUTIS up his check. It seems that many legisla­ FAMILY OF GEORGIA tors and health_care providers are missing the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES point in the debate over soaring costs of health care. The Swedish example shows that Friday, July 11, 1975 it ls not mainly a. problem of high doctors• HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY fees, mismanagement of hospitals, or even OF NEW YORK Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. questionable pharmaceutical practice. It Speaker, the Swedish experience is many should be noticed, parenthetically, that phy­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES times held up as an example of Social­ sicians, working within a socialized system Fridaµ, July 11, 1975 ism with a happy face in contrast to where "the patient doesn't have to pay any­ the oppressive form of socialism prac­ way," have less restraint in prescribing ex­ Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. ticed in the Soviet Union. Socialism does pensive drugs, more pills than necessary, and Speaker, detente with the Soviet Union not work well whether in Sweden or the extensive laboratory and X-ray work-ups. has become a cornerstone of U.S. for­ Soviet Union. A Swedish doctor, re­ There is also an indisputable tendency to eign policy. The dynamics of detente abuse medical services: being able to see a have increased the flexibility of our in­ cently arrived in the United States, has doctor for a minor complaint without eco­ described very clearly how the quality of ternational perspective. Yet, our global nomic sacrifice gives one a legitimate reason stand on individual liberty must remain health care has deteriorated in Sweden for taking a few days off a boring job or to as a result of its socialized medicine recover from a hangover. unyielding. Increased vigilance must program. My colleagues, who feel total Health care is in a crisis. We must face counter the danger that individual rights Federal control of medicine is the an­ the reality that public demand for medical will be forgotten in the sweep of global swer, should read his letter carefully, care is increasing at the same rate as the affairs. I refer you to the case of Mr. which appeared in the Journal of the ever-increasing diagnostic and treatment Aloyzas Jurgutis and family. possibilities. This costs money. I am all for Mr. Jurgutis escaped from the Soviet American Medical Association of June some form of general health insurance, cost 30, 1975. The letter follows: Union seeking religious freedom. For this being shared by employees and employers. act he is considered a criminal by the EXPERIENCE FROM SWEDEN But socialized medicine brings no answer and To the Editor.-As a newly 1mmlgrated is not the cup of tea for America! Soviets. He can not be personally pun­ Swedish general practitioner in this country, ished, so the Soviets have responded by I am both amused and saddened to observe disallowing communication between Mr. the intense and sometimes inflamed debate Jurgutis and his family. They have re­ over issues like National Health Insurance DISABLED VETERANS' fused Mrs. Jurgutis and daughter Daina and socialization of medicine in the United CO:MPENSATION permission to leave Lithuania and join States. There are virtually no pros and cons Mr. Jurgutis in Ainerica. in the arguments that I did not hear over and over again as a part of the struggle that The Jurgutis' are being denied the preceded the Swedish reform. Now, after a HON. DAVID W. EVANS basic human right of family unity. The few years of testing the Swedish experiment, OF INDIANA Soviets augment this wrong by harassing it is striking to see the negative effects that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and pressuring the family to forfeit their neither the advocates nor the opponents of desire for togetherness outside the Soviet government take-over were able to foresee. Friday, July 11, 1975 Union. Summing up, the experience is saddening: Mr. EVANS of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, the quality of health care, generally has not Mr. Jurgutis escaped from the Soviet been affected positively. A governmental and during the July Fourth recess, I met with Union on May 16, 1974. He renounced bureaucratic superstructure has created in­ the members of Martinsville Chapter No. his Soviet citizenship and filed emigra­ credible waiting lines for specialty care 34 of the Disabled American Veterans. I tion documents for his wife and daughter (heavily centralized). It is not unusual to had the plen.sure of talking with Cecil W. at the U.S.S.R. Consulate in Washington wait a year or more for a cataract operation. Disney, Omer D. Russell, Stanley Pay­ during November of 1974. Mr. Jurgutis Primary care is not what a U.S. citizen would ton, Lester H. Wildt, Henry Walker, employs his skill as a musician at the find acceptable: chances are that in trying Robert Robinson, Robert Nay, and to reach a physician in an emergency, you Chicago Conservatory. He waits in frus­ may find yourself listening to a taped mes­ Charles Hokapple. tration for word of his family. sage referring you to a distant hospital These men are concerned about legis­ Mrs. Jurgutis has filed three requests switchboard, where a registered nurse whose lation before Congress to increase vet­ for permission to emigrate. Her two lat­ job ls to screen calls will suggest you take erans' disability compensation. est appeal~. the last being May 1 o of this an aspirin and see your doctor tomorrow. As you know, on June 16, the House year, have directly addressed President If in desperation you go to the emergency passed H.R. 7767, which would provide room and are admitted, you will be taken Podgorny. All have been denied. Local care of by a young physician-in-training, for a maximum 10-percent increase in authorities have told her that if she whom you have never seen before and who is disability compensation for veterans with seeks the aid of the U.S. Embassy she responsible for up to 20 other patients on a 60 percent or more disability rating. will be immediately imprisoned. the :floor during the day. Your own doct.or The percentage increase in compensa­ Mrs. Jurgutis has been dismissed from won't see you during your whole stay, and tion would decrease as the veteran's dis­ her job as a librarian. She has been bedside conversation with your hospital doc­ ability rating decreases. denied alternative employment. She has tor is kept to a minimum. After all, the doc­ tor sees you as one of the patients on his The Senate amended the House bill been threatened with removal of her 11 ward, not as one of his own patients, a on June 23. The Senate amendments are year old daughter to a special school in point of distinction and a characteristic fea­ more generous, but more important, are order to "Sovietize her spirit." Searches ture of Swedish assembly line medicine. more realistic. They would provide a 12- of the Jurgutis home and seizure of per­ The administrators, being the executive percent cost-of-living increase in dis­ sonal property have occurred. The Soviet branch of the medico-political system, obey ability compensation for veterans Vvith Government has demanded denounce­ their commandment to save money by clos­ a 60 percent or less disability rating, and ment of their father and husband by ing down hospitals on a. large scale, creating greater and greater distances between people a 14-percent increase for the more Daina and Mrs. Jurgutis. and their hospitals. The suggestions and at­ severely disabled veterans. In lieu of all the above personal dan­ tempts to cut the cost of medical care, which Mr. Speaker, I have received letters gers, Mrs. Jurgutis has firmly stated time must be paid by the working people, have from dozens of disabled veterans who and again her devotion to her husband yielded negligible results. are having a difficult time making ends and her desire to emigrate from the Doctors are salaried employees with fixed meet. The co.st of heating and lighting USSR. July 11, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS The plight of the Jurgutis challenges I am confident that this group of Mrs. Priest will be remembered for be­ America to remain steadfast on her people will continue the fine work of ing a forerunner in the women's move­ global committment to individual free­ their predecessors. I congratulate them ment seeking to attain leadership roles dom and basic human rights. all and commend them for their dedi­ in this Nation's Government. She was cation to this great cause to aid human­ the only woman to be California's State ity. treasurer or to hold any of the State's As I have already mentioned, it was constitutional offices. She was first NEW OFFICERS OF THE NORTH my honor to bestow the special presen­ elected State treasurer in 1966. Then she HAMPSTEAD UNIT OF THE AMERI­ tation on Mrs. Edward Fisher. Ruth is was reelected in 1970 by an overwhelm­ CAN SOCIETY one of my constituents from Great ing 1.2 million vote margin. Neck, and she has proven that the dread Mrs. Priest-an active Republican disease, cancer, need not force one into most of her life-was the second woman HON. LESTER L. WOLFF a life in which all activity must cease to become U.S. Treasurer. This post was OF NEW YORK and where the patient must resign him­ largely ceremonial without Cabinet rank. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES self to merely existing rather than She served from 1953 to 1961 during living. which time her signature appeared on Friday, July 11, 1975 Ruth was stricken with cancer almost billlions of dollars in currency. Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, on Satur­ 5 years ago, and upon learning that a The experience she gained in Wash­ day, June 28, the North Hampstead Unit radical mastectomy was necessary, vowed ington was a key factor in her outstand­ of the American Cancer Society, Long "not to be paralyzed by dull, dead, nega­ ing service as our State treasurer. Dur­ Island Division, held its fifth annual din­ tive thoughts." She attributes her abil­ ing her term in Sacramento, Mrs. Priest ner and installation services. It was not ity to cope· with her illness to a strong was responsible for California's credit only my pleasure, but it was my great faith in God, as well as the love and rating being upgraded to Aa~AAA in honor to install the newly elected officers concern of her family and friends. She 1972, the highest rating a State can ob­ of the unit, as well as to confer the spe­ believes that it is necessary to live 1 tain. cial presentation on the new president, day at a time, and that time should be Mrs. Priest's philosophy toward her job Mrs. Edward Fisher. spent in helping others who are less as State treasurer was another key to As I am sure you are all a ware, the fortunate than herself. She has con­ her highly successful operation of the many units of the Cancer Society tinued to involve herself in health or­ office. In a publication entitled "Members throughout the Nation do a most com­ ganizations, thus putting others' needs of the California Legislature and Other mendable job in conducting programs of before her own. State Officials," Mrs. Priest said: research, education, service, and rehabi­ This courageous woman is quick to For all practical purposes, I believe there litation for the purpose of bringing us to admit to periods of depression, but she is no such thing as "government money" or the cause and a cure for cancer. says, "I talk to God and thank him for "state money". All moneys held or distributed The evening was well planned, Mr. the bad as well as the good." She refuses by government come from the people. In a republic such as ours, government can only Edward Fisher and Mr. Timothy Foley to die while still living, and realizes the take from the people that which the people having been responsible for the dinner necessity of accepting that which can­ authorize through their elected representa­ arrangements, while Mrs. Norman Craig not be changed. I believe that Ruth's tives. and Mrs. Edward Byk were the hostesses. courage should be a source of encourage­ Since government is set up by the people Others who helped to make the evening ment to all of us who have faced, or will and for the people, it must be their servant a success were Mrs. Edward Fisher, Mrs. face in the future, some type of prob­ and never their master. Sound money man­ Edward Speno, Mrs. Dominic Rao, Mr. lem which seems insurmountable. Her agement does not have a political party, nor words, "Because I want to continue in the does it have a political or social philosophy. Jack Dowling, Mr. Fred Weinum, Mr. The State Treasurer is the State's foremost Ken Byk, and Mr. Leonard Strenesky. joys of life ... being a part of my banker and the duties of the Treasurer can The welcome and closing remarks were family's dreams and ambitions, and pur­ be compared with those of the president of delivered by Hon. John S. Davanzo, and suing my own . . . I live each day in any well-run private bank. A banker's job the Reverend Brendan P. Riordan gave hope," should be our thoughts as well. is to safeguard the customer's money and to the invocation. I bring this event to you today, be­ give the best possible return on investments. The newly elected officers included: cause of my admiration for the splendid Financial decisions made in this job can work of the American Cancer Society, affect the lives of every California citizen. I President, Mrs. Edward F. Fisher. do not take this tremendous responsibility Chairman of the Board, Mr. Edward Fisher. and its units throughout the country. lightly. Vice Chairman of the Board, Hon. Joseph I bring this woman, Mrs. Edward Fisher, Graziano. to your attention today; because I ad­ Certainly Mrs. Priest did not take her Executive Vice President, Mrs. Norman E. mire the faith, courage, and wisdom responsibility lightly. She was a staunch Craig. which is hers. I wish each of you share, advocate of women in higher positions Vice Presidents (Special Events), Mrs. to Caroline N. Harvey, Mrs. Eugene White. as I have, the joy she has discovered in industry, medicine, the professions Vice Presidents (Public Information) Mrs. in life, in spite of its sufferings and and politics. When she became U.S. Aaron Freeman, Mrs. Dominick Rao, and difficulties. Treasurer Mrs. Priest said women should Mrs. Patsy Russo. have a voice in the Nation's "financial Vice Presidents (Public Education) Mrs. housekeeping." Julius Wolf, and Mrs. John 0. Werkmeister. TRIBUTE TO IVY BAKER PRIEST Mrs. Priest was a devoted wife and Vice President (Memorials), Mrs. Timothy mother of three. Although she traveled P. Foley. extensively, their home life ran smooth­ Vice President (Membership}, Mrs. Grace Hon. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke ly. She ~ti this was possible because it Kearney. OF CALIFORNIA was operated as a joint venture with Vice President (Service), Mrs. Timothy P. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Foley. everyone contributing. She often bragged Recording Secretary, Mrs. Donald Larzo. Friday, July 11, 1975 that she handled most of her family's Corresponding Secretaries: Mrs. Frank finances and that her checkbook always Cawley, Mrs. William Ehlers, Miss Annie Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. balanced. Freeman, Mrs. Robert Husak, Mrs. Emilia M. Speaker, I wish to pay a few words of Mrs. Priest was a strong supporter of Mathe, Mrs. Clarence Newsome, Mrs. Anthony tribute to Ivy Baker Priest, former the role women play in politics. She also Potenzone, Miss Alice Rypka, Mrs. Lewis B. Treasurer of the United States during Schwartz, Mrs. Helen L. Thiel, and Miss the Eisenhower administration and later had her own ideas about how they should Angela Viscardi. treasurer of California. It is with great go about it. Once she asserted that "the Social Security, Mrs. Ann Withopf. sadness that I learned of her death on best way to do anything in politics is to Treasurer, Mrs. William Tindall. Monday, June 23. Not only did our coun- start where you live--where the vote Branch Development Chairman, Mr. goes in the ballot box." Edward F. Fisher. try lose one of its most distinguished Cancer Prevention Survey Chairmen, Al­ citizens, but the 37th District of Cali­ "Pick out your party,'' she said. "Go fred S. Ruesch, M.D., and Mr. Dennis Smaid- fornia-my former district--lost an out­ right up to the precinct or district cap­ Jas. standing resident and a dear friend. tain, or write to county or State head- 22440 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 11, 1975 quarters. But you must have a political ever. According to his sources, there are East Germany, Mainland China, Tibet, party :first," declared Mrs. Priest. 3.5 million miles of streams in the Na­ North Vietnam, Cuba, Cambodia, and A native of Kimberly, Utah, Mrs. Priest tion, or more than 7 million bank miles. South Vietnam-all once free nations was a California resident after she left A survey in 1969 showed that about 8 now groping in the darkness of Godless office in Washington, D.C. She was born percent, or more than half a million bank Communist totalitarianism. 69 years ago, the oldest of seven children miles, are eroding to some degree. Clas­ We must stop what Nobel Prize winner in a Mormon family. She grew up in sified as severe are 148,000 miles. Alexandr Solzhenitsyn recently called the the mining t.own of Binghamton, Utah It is, of course, a law of nature that West's "senseless process of endless con­ where her father was a miner. some bank erosion will occur on any cessions to aggressors." Although her college career was inter­ waterway. But what concerns Mr. Med­ rupted, she became involved in many or­ calf, what concerns my constituents, and ganizations besides those involving poli­ what concerns me is the extent to which tics. She volunteered many hours to this natural erosion has been influenced THE SOLZHENITSYN SNUB: DE­ several organizations including the Gen­ by the construction of new dams on tr.e TENTE BECOMES APPEASEMENT eral Federation of Women's Clubs, the Ohio River. American Red Cross, and the California With the use of aerial and other Easter Seal Society. She was especially photographs, Mr. Medcalf shows the HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK interested in cancer research, crippled dramatic changes in the contour of the children and safety. riverbank which have occurred since the OF OHIO Mrs. Priest wrote her autobiography, dams' construction. Indiana Route 166 :s IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Green Grows Ivy, during the latter por­ shown closed and sliding toward the Friday, July 11, 1975 tion of her term as Treasurer of the river. A dwelling at Tell City is also Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, one of United States. She received honorary shown sliding toward the river. Another the things which has concerned many of doctorates from Elmira College, Bryant picture shows how erosion has threat­ us who are known as anti-Communists College and Rider College. Among other ened the municipal waterworks at Mount is the apparent failure of the State De­ high honors was her nomination as one Vernon. partment to realistically understand or of the 20 most outstanding women in this Mr. Medcalf's article neither attaches intellectually e-0pe with world commu­ century by the Press Club and a Woman blame for the situation nor pretends to nism. Our vital American interests re­ of Achievement Award from the Ameri­ propose the key solution. It rather pre­ quire that we do not become so com­ can Federation of Soroptimist Clubs. sents in an objective fashion the opinions Her only son, Roy Baker Priest was of those who live along the river, the mitted to the slogan of detente that we killed in 1971 in a boating accident on Corps of Engineers, operators of tow fail to understand the true nature of the the Sacrament.o-San Joaquin River delta. boats, and others. U.S.S.R.'s global plans. The State De­ She is survived by two daughters, Mrs. I believe it is worthwhile reading for partment since the close of World War Patricia Jensen of Tarzana, Calif., and any Member or private citizen who is II has shown itself ill-equipped to cope Mrs. Nancy A. Valenzuela, of Long interested in erosion of our waterways. with communism whether it be in a Beach, Calif. She also leaves six brothers I, therefore, will make available a copy Democrat or a Republican administra­ and sisters and four grandchildren. of this most valuable article to anyone tion. The Henry Kissinger regime is who contacts my office. worse than most in this respect, in my Ivy Baker Priest was widely respected opinion. by her :riends and admired by her col­ leagues for her diligence, forthrightness, No incident has shown up the failure sense of humor and integrity. She gave of this policy so clearly as the recent her life to public service, and I know her CAPTIVE NATIONS: REASONS FOR Solzhenitsyn snub. That President F-0rd STRENGTH would meet with the soccer player Pele memory will be preserved as an affirma­ but not meet a symbol of intellectual op­ tion to her dedication. position to the Communist controlled so­ HON. HENRY J. HYDE ciety, Solzhenitsyn, is indeed a sad C-Om­ OF ILLINOIS mentary on the international priorities RIVERBANK EROSION IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES we have in the White House at the pres­ Friday, July 11, 1975 ent time. We can rightly ask "Has dete11te be­ HON. PHILIP H. HAYES Mr. HYDE. Mr. Speaker, since Cap­ come appeasement?" A George F. Will OF INDIANA tive Nations Week, 1974, two more article in today's Washington Post seems IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES names have been added to the list of to hit the nail on the head and I include captive nations: South Vietnam and Friday, July 11 , 1975 it at this point in the RECORD: Cambodia. Refugees from these nations SOLZHENITSYN AND THE PRESIDENT Mr. HAYES of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, are finding places in America, just as (By George F. Wlll) because of increased commercial traffic refugees before them have done. The U.S. government may have to expel on our Nation's waterways and the con­ There is no better time for Americans Alexandr Solzhenitsyn from the republic, tinuing efforts by the U.S. Army Corps to remember that while we seek to help not only as a hands-across-the-barbed­ of Engineers to make them more navi­ preserve peace, and while we hope for wire gesture of solidarity with its detente gable by constructing dams, I wish to successful negotiations with the Com­ partner, the Soviet government, but also to bring to the attention of the House an munists, that Communist doctrine is ex­ save the President and his attendants from article by Glenn Medcalf in the June 15, pansionist in nature. Communists have nervous breakdowns. 1975, Evansville (Ind.) Sunday Courier never agreed to negotiations which have This is not the first time Solzhenitsyn, & Press. not been in their own best interest. Com­ winner of the Nobel Prize in literature, has taxed the nerves of the mighty. Last year Mr. Medcalf 's article is an extensive munists have failed to observe agree­ Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev, having de­ inquiry into the loss of riverbank prop­ ments as soon as they no longer serve cided that he could not conveniently kill erty on the Ohi-0 River in my congres­ their own interests. The only way to suc­ Solzhenitsyn and could not endure the sound sional district. Since my first day in cessfully negotiate with Communists is of his voice, expelled him. Congress in January, I have been inter­ from a position of strength. Solzhenitsyn became a nuisance to Gerald vening with the corps on behalf of pri­ There are those who argue that if we Ford when AFL-CIO President George vate citizens and public officials con­ disarm, then the Communists will dis­ Meany invited Solzhenitsyn to Washington cerning erosion of land bordering the arm. Captive Nations Week reminds us to give a speech in which he reiterated his river. Loss of property over the past of 18 compelling reasons for refutation of low opinion of detente, as the U.S. practices it. He believes this policy reduces the United several years has amounted to tens of that naive assumption. They are: Es­ States to craven, degrading reticence about thousands of dollars. tonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Albania, Bul­ slave labor, concentration camps and other This problem, as Mr. Medcalf points garia, Yugoslavia, Poland, Romania, problems of human rights in the Soviet out, is not limited to my district, how- Czechoslovakia, North Korea, Hungary, Union. July 11, 19 7 5 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22441 Solzhenitsyn is, of course, correct: The RUSSIAN MADE FIATS GIVE ITAL­ Union to supply more automaking capacity U.S. government thinks such reticence is IAN FIATS COMPETITION there. As part of the deal, the Italian com­ "necessary" lest the Soviet government get pany will seek stronger contingency clauses. angry and refuse to accept U.S. trade sub­ "This time," says a Fiat executive, "we will sidies or engage in our memorable grain make sure that there is some sort of export deals. But mere truthfulness does not re­ HON. LARRY McDONALD clause if we get the deal." deem politically inconvenient speech, and OF GEORGIA Solzhenitsyn carries free speech to incon­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES venient conclusions. LET EVERY DAY BE LADIBS DAY His presence here posed a problem: Should Friday, July 11, 1975 Mr. Ford meet with him? In coping with Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. this problem the President contrived to Speaker, the chickens are now coming HON. BOB CARR confirm Solzhenitsyn's point while snubbing home to roost in the famous Fiat deal OF MICHIGAN him for having made it. made in Italy. The Russians are export­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Ford nervously diagnosed Solzhenit­ ing a Fiat model to Western Europe syn's presence here as a foreign policy prob­ Friday, July 11, 1975 lem and summoned advice from the Na­ which substantially undersells the Ital­ tional Security Council, which copes with ian model. Mr. CARR. Mr. Speaker, the recent such threats to the nation's security. He Another facet to this is the fact that debate over the title IX guidelines was and aides brainstormed about how to justify the poor Russians pay about $7,150 for a at times heated, and often humorous. snubbing the man who, outside U._S. and model that the Russians export to West­ I cannot help but feel that it "separated Soviet government circles, is recognized as ern Europe for $2,571 versus the Italian the men from the boys" and I think it one of the moral heroes of the 20th century. According to reports, several aides, show­ price of $3,274. So who loses? The Ital­ both timely and appropriate that the ing a flair for baseness that would have stood ians and the poor Russian consumer. accompanying article be inserted in the them in good stead with the previous admin­ Remember how we were told that the RECORD: istration, questioned Solzhenitsyn's mental building of the Fiat plant would help the [From State News-MSU] stability. The idea of American politicians Russian consumer? Now would anyone LET EVERY DAY BE LADIES DAY rendering negative judgments about Sol­ want to bet when we will see the Kama (By Joe Kirby) zhenitsyn's mental health has an antic River Truck plant selling trucks in West­ charm, but such judgments were not pub­ Ah yes, back in the good old days--when ern Europe or even in the United States men were men and women were girls--sports licly advanced to justify the snub, perhaps at cut rate prices designed to take mar­ because they would not play in Peoria. were the exclusive domain of males and the Other aides reportedly noted that during kets away from the United States? On ladies were left to their cooking and sewing. his visit to the United States Solzhenitsyn is the matter of East-West trade, we never But times are changing and the ladies are promoting the sale of his books. They said the seem to learn. asking, even demanding, their right to have President should not do anything that might The item from Business Week of June some fun and learn about the thrlll of victory a.nd the agony of defeat. even indirectly help a commercial promotion. 9, 1975 follows: And slowly but surely the women are The White House is selectively fastidious ITALY-A RUSSIAN-MADE FIAT GIVES FIAT making some inroads. The Title IX proposal­ about such things. COMPETITION which is designed to end sexual discrimina­ A few days earlier Mr. Ford met with the Umberto Agnelli, managing director of Fiat, tion in sports-is probably the biggest step Cotton Queen. A few days after he summoned the giant Italian auto maker, is wondering forward for women athletes a.nd it definitely photographers to the White House lawn whether his company has created a monster has the men running scared. where he kicked a soccer ball with Brazilian that is about to turn on him. The beast ls So scared that a bunch of college football star Pele, for the benefit of the American nothing less than the huge Togliattigrad auto coaches went running off to Washington to entrepreneurs who are paying Pele $4.5 mil­ plant in the Soviet Union. Designed and built cuss and moan about how the end was in lion to help promote their soccer franchises. by Fiat engineers, the $800-million plant sight, give these women equality a.nd college Press Secretary Ron Nessen, keeper of the turns out the Lada-a sturdier version of the athletics would be kdlled off, or so they told presidential image, explained that Mr. Ford Fiat 124 designed for Russian roads and Congress. could not see Solzhenitsyn because of a climate-at the rate of 600,000 a year. Meanwhile down in Romulus, Mich., the "crowded schedule." The trouble is that the Russians are ex­ local little league felt so threatened by a Nessen added: "For image reasons the porting Ladas to Western Europe, where they female player on one team that they passed President does like to have some substance are underselling Fiat. In Britain, the Lada an absurd rule requiring all players to wear in his meetings. It is not clear what he would sells for about $2,571, including taxes, com­ a protective athletic cup. Then they sus­ gain by a meeting with Solzhenitsyn." pared with $3,274 for the Italian-made Fiat pended the young lady when she refused to Nessen may have a point, but if so it re­ 124 and $2,332 for the tiny Fiat 126. "As wear one. flects on Mr. Ford's abillty to receive, rather you see," says a Fiat executive, "those a.re I don't know what they were trying to than on Solzhenitsyn's ability to impart, not market prices that the Russians are prove. Even a naive individual like myself wisdom. The President's image thus clarified, applying. Not only does their Lada cost much knows enough a.bout this and that to figure like butter, Nessen refrained from adding the less than our 124, but for an extra $240, out that females just don't have a real big salient point. Brezhnev frowns on Solzhe­ instead of buying our small city car [the need for this partlicular device. nitsyn, but not on Pele. 126] , you get a nice sedan." What it all boils down to is that the men Obviously Mr. Ford decided that meeting MARKET PRESSURE don't want anybody treading on their turf. Solzhenitsyn would be inconsistent with de­ The Russians will export only 20,000 to It's easy for the men to say that females tente. Obviously Solzhenitsyn is correct: De­ can't run fast and throw baseballs funny and tente, as practiced by the D'nited States, pre­ 30,000 cars to Western Europe this year, and with auto demand flat anyway Fiat is in fact generally aren't cut out for athletics. vents even gestures of support for the cause not too concerned about the short-term But m.a.ybe the reason women throw funny of human rights in the Soviet Union. competition. Besides, Fiat will soon phase is because boys' baseball leagues do every­ Certainly Solzhenitsyn was not surprised out its 124 for a newer 131 Mirafiori sedan. thing they can to keep the girls out of the by Mr. Ford's snub. As he said in his Nobel But Agnelli is worried about what may hap­ grand old American game. Lecture: pen when the Russians carry out their plans I would strongly recommend that all those "The spirit of Munich has by no means to double auto-making capacity. men who believe women incapable of com­ retreated into the past; it was not a brief Fiat realized that the Russians might ex­ peting dn sports read "The Femininity Game" episode. I even venture to say that the spirit port cars when it sold them the plant and by Thomas Boslooper and Marcia. Ha.yes. It of Munich ls dominant in the 20th century. the car design. But demand was strong for opened my eyes some and cleared up a few The intimidated civ111zed world has found ca.rs then, and since the Russians were going misconceptions I had picked up somewhere nothing to oppose the onslaught of a sud­ to sell a basic, relatively outmoded model, it along the line. denly resurgent fang-baring barbarism, ex­ never occurred to anyone then that price I'd like to dTop a little quote from the book could become such a factor only a few years now, one that sort of sums up the wa.y men cept concessions and smiles." later. Agnelli now thinks that the Common view women in sports: "When a woman beats Detente has conferred upon Brezhnev veto Market should protect itself against the a man on the playing field, her reward is power over the appointments calendar of the dumping of autos in Europe. Moreover, he more likely to be anger than applause. Wom­ President of the United States. Perhaps believes that if the Ru.ss!la.ns want to sell ca.rs an's traditional role in sports, as elsewhere, Brezhnev, in the spirit of detente, would re­ in Western Europe, they should open their continues to be supportive, not competitive. frain from seeing people offensive to the U.S. markets to Western European auto makers. The fem.a.le majority is expected to stay on government's moral sensibilities-if it had Agnelli has some leverage with the Rus­ the sidelines, either cheering the team on, any. sians. Fiat is now negotiating with the Soviet providing musical or acrobatic diversion at CXXI--1414-Part 17 22442 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 11, 1975 halftime or feeding their escorts box Citizens, which is closely aligned with orga­ THE NO. 1 PROBLEM lunches." nized labor, came to Washington la.st week A new day ls coming through, and I be­ to picket for more subsidized housing for Income-or the lack of it-is the No. 1 lieve women deserve to be a. pa.rt of it. So the elderly and to petition their Congress­ problem for most old people. Almost half of to all those men who are doing their best to men to fight the Administration's attempts their income is derived from pensions, and keep the ladies in their place, my advice is, to "hold the line" on spending. most of that comes from Social Security, Fed­ hang onto your machismo and don't look But they were also trying to catch the eye eral figures show. The average monthly pay­ back because the la.dies are gaining on you. of a public that has mixed and often deroga­ ment is about $314 for a couple and $184 for a tory feelings about elderly people. single person. Mr. Jackson's group would like "The extended life expectancy has reduced to see a minimum annual income of $6,000 the already limited social status of the old," for a single person and $9,000 for a couple. Dr. Robert N. Butler, a psychiatrist and On July 1, monthly Social Security pay­ SENIOR CITIZENS GAIN POLITICAL gerontologist, has written in his new book, ments a.re scheduled to increase 8 per cent­ POWER "Why Survive? Being Old in America." a victory for elderly groups that fought the Administration's attempts to hold the in­ NO LONGER UNUSUAL crease to 5 per cent. HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL "Older people are commonplace among us, For the most part, elderly people are fight­ OF NEW YORK rather than unusual," he said. "Longevity ing a provision in the Social Security sys­ ls no longer viewed with awe and envy, now IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tem that penalizes those lucky enough to that it has been mass-produced through find jobs. Social Security benefits are re­ Friday, July 11, 1975 medical science." He added: duced if recipients earn more than $2,400 "The old a.re people caught in a cultural a year. Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, one en­ time lag-suddenly there are large numbers couraging sign on the political scene is Housing ls another major concern for the of them and no one knows quite what to do." elderly. The 1971 White House Conference on the growing political strength and orga­ The organizations for the elderly are try­ Aging estimated that 120,000 new housing nization of America's elderly. I say this ing to come to grips with the seemingly sud­ units for the elderly would be needed every is encouraing since millions of older den appearance of large numbers of older year. Only 45,000 units have been built in citizens have, in the past, been reluctant people in American society. the last eight years. A big question for the elderly is how to pro­ to raise their voices on political issues, ject themselves. Do they cast themselves as SMALL DWELLINGS NEEDED to lobby their legislators, and to organize underdogs, knowing that one-fourth of their in support of policies which affect them. Housing is important because only 5 per ranks live below the poverty level, most hav­ cent of the nation's elderly people are per­ The economic situation hits the ing gotten there in their old age? manent residents . of long-term nursing hardest at the elderly. They usually live Or do they project dignity and try to sell homes. Many of the rest need small, reduced­ on fixed incomes which do not reflect the value of their untapped experience and rent dwellings that provide some centralized the soaring increase in prices for food, knowledge, as did Art Carney, the actor, in location for home health care services. transportation, housing, and clothing. his Academy Award-winning performance in Groups representing the elderly are fight­ the film, "Harry and Tonto." ing the Department of Housing and Urban They subsist on marginal diets without "They are really excellent lobbyists," said adequate nutrition, often are unable to Development, which is trying to change the · one legislative aide who watched the elderly conditions under which it finances housing obtain quality medical care, cannot af­ delegations swarm over the Capitol last week. for the elderly. "They present their cases well," he said. ford decent apartments or homes in light The money ls now used for low-interest, of skyrocketing fuel costs and property "They know the facts, and they have the long-term loans to nonprofit agencies that taxes, and find themselves pushed out time to follow through." sponsor the construction of housing units of the Nation's conscience. COMMITMENT SOUGHT for the elderly. The department would like I am pleased to include in the RECORD Ros.s C. Lynn, a 75-year-old retired auto­ to use the money for construction alone, re­ an article from the New York Times on mobile worker from Grand Rapids, Mich., quiring the nonprofit agencies to repay the the increasing political activity and con­ called on his Representative, Richard F. Van­ Government when buildings are completed derveen, the Democrat who was first elected by obtaining long-term financing from com­ cern of senior citizens: to President Ford's former Michigan seat last mercial lenders. Nonprofit groups say they THE ORGANIZED ELDERLY: A NEW POLITICAL spring. Mr. Lynn, who worked in Mr. Ford's have had difficulty obtaining such financing. POWER first Congressional campaign in 1948 wanted This proposal brought hundreds of pickets (By Nancy Hicks) a commitment from Mr. Vanderveen for in­ to the department's headquarters here last WASHINGTON, June 21.--0ld people in creases in Social Security payments and more week. One who picketed was Lucy Henderson America., growing in number and organiza­ subsidized, small unit housing for elderly of Clemenson, Mass., who said: "I own my tion, are increasingly becoming a. force that people. own home, but so many do not. I just wanted Congress, the Administration and the Fed­ Ralph Counts, a retired man who is the edi­ to help." eral establishment cannot ignore. tor of The Florida Senior Citizen News, talked MEDICARE IS COSTLY The movement toward organization, which to Representative William Lehman, Democrat began with the push for Medicare in the of Florida., a.bout conditions in nursing homes Health is another area of concern. The nineteen-sixties, has grown in earnest over in his state and Medicare scandals in which elderly would like to see a national health the la.st four yea.rs. It has different groups elderly people were denied their pocket insurance instead of the Medicare program, and different philosophies, but the National spending money by home administrators. which now requires them to pay up to $750 Association of Retired Persons, with 7.7 mil­ Mrs. Albert Fa.uve led a group from Missis­ from their own pockets for each hospitalized lion members, the National Council of Senior sippi to meet with an aide to Representative illness. citizens, 3 mUlion members, the Gray Pan­ Thad Cochran, Republican of Mississippi, to The elderly are also concerned about nutri­ thers and others have put together increas­ seek his support for subsidized housing. tion. Earlier tihs year, the Administration ingly sophisticated lobbies. "I am worried about the protest image of tried unsuccessfully to raise th!'l price of All have experienced legislative staffs well­ the elderly," Bernard E. Na.sh, executive di­ food stamps, a.n increase that would have versed in such programs as Social Security, rector of the National Association of Retired disproportionately affected elderly people. Medicare, subsidized housing and food Persons and the National Retired Teachers At the same time, the Administration was stamps--programs on which the elderly de­ Association, said after the elderly groups' ac­ sued for not spending money authorized for pend and the Ford Administration would tivities in the capital la.st week. community feeding programs that insure like to cut back. "Most older persons are not standing isolated elderly people fellowship as well as With the help of medical science, the num­ around with their hands out," he added. food. ber of elderly people in the United States "They desire an opportunity for first-cla.s.s The specifics of the problems do not con­ increases every year. There are more than citizenship to use a. lifetime of experience to cern Nelson H. Cruikshank, the 73-yea.r-old 22-mi111on people over the age of 65 today, serve the community. I am alarmed at some president of the National Council of Senior accounting for 10 per cent of the popula­ organizations that show older persons [as) Citizens, as much as an administration pol­ tion. One-fourth of the nation's elderly llve militant, demanding and self-seeking." icy that he contends "ls sold on the idea that below the poverty line, according to Federal Hobart Jackson, former chairman of the the way to get out of a recession ls not to figures. National Caucus on the Black Aged, disagrees spend money." At the turn of the century, only 4 per cent with Mr. Na.sh. Mr. Cruikshank describes as "dishonest" of Americans were that old. By the middle "If older people are ever going to get their the Administration's 1976 budget, which of the next century, the over-65 population just entitlement, it will come from efforts in lumps the trust funds for Social Security ts expected to exceed 25 per cent of the the political process," Mr. Jackson said. "I and Medicare, and railroad retirement funds nation's population. don't subscribe to the view that social pro­ and the Federal employes retirement fund With these numbers and their life expe­ grams for the elderly a.re welfare. We're really into the opera.ting budget, unnaturally in­ riences firmly affixed in their minds, S,000 talking a.bout entitlements, rights and flating the size of spending for social pro­ members of the National Council of Senior priorities.". grams. July 11, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22443 "HEAT" OVER THE NUCLEAR because of plutonium's radioactive char­ to my home. I am sure you can do. No more REACTOR acteristics and because of previous ac­ military help to Turkey. cidents in experimental breeders' core I don't want to believe that the Arms I've served for several yea.rs, as a soldier of U.S. meltdown. Critics warn that terrorists Army, for God sake, I don't want to feel HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS could employ stolen plutonium to con­ that those arms would keep me out of my OF PENNSYLVANIA struct their own nuclear bombs. house away of my home, and live as a refugee IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Many objectors decry the necessity of forever. LMFBR energy. They claim we can de­ Sincerely yours, Friday, July 11, 1975 pend on coal, oil, solar, or ocean thermal PETER CHRISTO. Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, in light energy instead. of the curreillt search for alternative The expense of the programs is an­ sources of energy and energy self-suf­ other possible drawback. For fiscal year ficiency, debate for and against various 1976, ERDA received $490 million for PUBLIC FEELING ON THE forms of nucelar energy has become in­ LMFBR research. The overall program BICENTENNIAL creasingly controversial and heated. Be­ costs are projected at $10 billion. cause the energy supply question is so Skeptics are not convinced that benefits HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI complicated, reasoned decisions to pro­ outweigh risks of costs. They add that OF ILLINOIS duce clean, safe, economical, and abun­ numerous technical problems remain IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES dant energy are thwarted by both emo­ unsolved. These, they argue, include tionalism and confusion. waste storage, siting, plutonium trans­ Friday, July 11, 1975 The liquid metal fast breeder reactor­ port, and potential sabotage or accidents. Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I have LMBFR--is one technological innova­ The generation of electric energy will been most impressed with the great pub­ tion that has drawn this kind of atten­ play a larger and larger role in tomor­ lic interest in the Bicentennial year. I tion. row's society. How should we cope with regard this as a positive development As a new nuclear power source, the our energy needs? Public interest activ­ that is being nurtured by the press. breeder reactor produces electricity and ities should address themselves seri­ One of the most stimulating columns transforms readily available uranium ously and expediently to this question. and also one that displays a legitimate into the byproduct, plutonium. Over picture of the public feeling on the Bi­ time, the plutonium breeder would centennial, is that by Dennis Wheeler of transform more uranium into plutonium the Tinley Park, Ill., Star Tribune which than it used. Thus, it is called a breeder MILITARY AID TO TURKEY appeared in the Sunday, July 6 edition. reactor. The excess plutonium is used I might add that Mr. Wheeler is a very as fuel in other kinds of nuclear reactors. typical of the new generation of subur­ The advanced LMBFR has been given HON. EDWARD P. BEARD ban newspaper editors whose energy high prioriity and support by the re­ OF RHODE ISLAND and talents have contributed to the phe­ cently formed Energy Research and De­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nomenal growth of such publications velopment Administration-ERSA. But Friday, July 11, 1975 across the country. public opinion of the burden is extremely Mr. BEARD of Rhode Island. Mr. The article follows: polarized. The safety of such a nuclear Speaker, the current debate over the Pu'BLIC FEELING ON THE BICENTENNIAL powerplant seems to be the pivotal, emo­ resumption of military aid to Turkey When I was born, most political observers tional issue. Plutonium and other wastes continues to hinge on strategic matters, tn the world said I would be dead _within a generated by nuclear reactors are highly year. geopolitics, military expendiency, and But I fooled them and lasted through a radioactive. other factors of U.S. foreign policy. Supporters of the LMBFR insist that bloody revolution. I submit that the human factors in­ Then there was a period of uncertainty, the proposed nuclear powerplants are volved in the tragic situation on Cyprus during which my own countrymen weren't safe, nonpolluting, and highy effi.cient. far outweigh any others. To underscore sure whether there should be one of me or Some nuclear industry experts believe what I believe to be the most important 13. Finally, in 1789 (when I was stlll a child nuclear powerplants pose less risk to the aspect-the restoration and preserva­ of 13), they decided I would be exclusive in public health and environment than do tion of basic human rights-I herewith this nation. They wrote a Constitution that coal- or oil-fired electric plants. made that fact clear. offer a letter written to me by an 82-year­ Since then I have been through some good Proponents say that nuclear energy old resident of Cyprus, written to me as is a viable, safe source since intensive re­ times and some bad times. a result of my recent visit to that em­ There have been some times of shame and search is insuring quality plaillt con­ battled country: some times of triumph. There have been struction and stringent controls on LIMASSOL, CYPRUS. moments when I have been a symbol of hope radioaotive wastes. Under these condi­ Representative EDWARD P. BEARD, around the world. Also times when I have tions, accident risks would be minimal. Washington, D .a been an object of derision. People in favor of developing breeders DEAR Sm: I am Peter Christo, an 82-year-old I have been saluted, talked about with say nuclear power is a likely solution to man, coming from Kemar-tou-Yialon, Cyp­ deep respect, folded carefully and ironed our long-term energy needs. They note man, coming from Kemar-tou-Yialon, religiously, rushed out of bad weather be­ Cyprus. cause I was loved, given to mayors by Con­ that nuclear-generated power is eco­ I have served as a soldier of U.S. Army dur­ gressmen to be flown over small towns, nomical as well as effi.cient. ing World War I. I remember those days when draped over the caskets of dead heroes. New energy technology based upon I gave my heart with great enthusiasm, to I have also been intentionally soiled, LMFBR's could be operating in 15 to 25 help U. States. I felt proud. I stm, even now, thrown on the ground and trampled upon, years. ERDA offi.cials predict that the feel proud for what I've done for the U.S., torn down from in front of embassies, burned breeder will be vital in meeting 50 per­ the country of Democracy. Now my wife and by angry citizens who believed I had lost my cent of the projected energy demands me live as refugees at Lim.assol. The Turks meaning. from Turkey invaded my small country, the There have been moments when I was not in the first year of operation, and up to island of CYPRUS, and drove me out of my proud of the uses to which I have been put. 75 percent in subsequent years. home. I left there everything I had, even Some of my people have used me as one of Supporters of breeders point to ad­ my photograph, which I kept for 60 years their excuses for unjust or self-serving ac­ vantages of dependence on uranium to remind me of my life as a soldier of tivity. rather than oil. The element uranium is America. On that photograph, I am in uni­ For example, back in the 1800's they said in abundant supply. The United States form. the things I stand for were good reasons boasts 30 to 40 percent of the world's My village ls now occupied by Turks in­ for invading Mexico and for going back on reserves and holds a stronger position in vaders and my house is inhabited by Turks treaties with the red men in the West and transferred from Turkey. for intentionally stirring up a fight on the the international uranium market than I must express my gratitude to you Sir, northern border of Maine in order to take the oil market. and the other members of the Congress, for over some disputed t.errltiory from the British. Opponents point to breeders as an un­ your democratic decision not to allow any Later, in 1898, it was questionable to me necessary hazard to public safety. They more U.S. military help to Turkey. (and stlll is to many historians) whether or view the issue as a "nuclear nightmare" Please do something to help me to go back not I should have been carried by super- 22444 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 11, 1975 patriotic types up hills in Cuba a n d into Despite the awful times, like when some berto Agnelll, managing director of Fiat, says harbors in the Philippine Islands. I suspect­ of my leaders-Lincoln, Garfield, McKinley, not without some export controls. ed at the time that the real reason for all Kennedy-were needlessly murdered by fel­ "What ls the sense," he asks, "of showing that was a belief among my country's lead­ low Americans, I remain proud of my mean­ the Soviets how to double their production ers that our nation had a duty to become ing. capacity if they are going to take our mark­ the policeman of our hemisphere. In spite of Haymarket Square, the Ku ets away from us?" Just a few years ago, in the 1960's, the Klux Klan, Joseph McCarthy, My Lal, Water­ Agnelli says the West European Common same questions were raised about my symbol­ gate, the 1968 Democratic Convention, the Market has to protect itself against the ism. This time, the debate grew so bitter ouster of the Bonus Army, Birmingham, dumping of autos in the fast-shrinking Euro­ that some of my own countrymen-many of Selma, and George Wallace in the Doorway, pean market. "If the Soviets want to sell in them patriotic in their own way-seared my I remain proud of my meaning. Europe a.nd the U.S.," he says, "then they threads with "lames in a desperate effort to My meaning was and is that people, not should open their market for cars in the So­ argue that I had no business being paraded kings or despots, should rule. viet Union." in far-off Viet Nam. My meaning ls that all persons should Others have mistreated me over the years, have the same chance to succeed. Also, in the beginning of June, I wrote not always in a physical way. My meaning is that the laws of the people to both the Attorney General and the Poli ticlans, some later proven to be crooks, are the alternative to the edicts of the few. Secretary of State raising a number of have for years pointed to me with apparent And that the laws of the people may be questions on the Soviet plans. The texts pride and extolled my virtues. Some of these changed for the better by the people. of those letters appeared in the CONGRES­ had actual little regard for what I stand for. My meaning ls that the revolution in which SIONAL RECORD of June 9. In fa

"I feel good a.bout it because we were able to with such compromises as the Ryan Fireball In addition to that argument, the F-14 18 help those who could not help themselves". (a combination jet and reciprocating en­ party to another one: twin engines vs. single That was his simple statement in the matter. gine) and were strong for the turboprop. engined aircraft. But for all the heated emo­ Kansas became a. national example because The A2D, A2J and the Tailsitter are monu­ tion on the subject, about the only reliable of this program. ments to their beliefs. But our concern here conclusion that can be drawn from the sta­ To many he was "E.A." To closer associ­ is with fighters. tistics on fatal accidents is that two-seat ates he was "Ernie". His name was Ernest While the F-86, one of America's most suc­ aircraft consistently kill more people than Austin Briles but to his family he was, as cessful fighters, was proving its worth in the single-seat--a not entirely surprising fact. his mother called him early in his life, "Sun­ Korean war, the Navy was stuck with its Fatal Accidents/ Fatalities for 1970-74. ny", and to his loved ones he remained, Grumman F9F, a low-performance, over­ A-4, 54/61; A-7, 64/ 64; F-8, 25/25; A-6. always, "Sunny". Not "Sonny", but "Sunny". weight, underpowered fighter. Its Korean 22/40; F-4, 61/95. He was tolerant, unpretentious, modest. He record was dismal and it couldn't compete Fatal Accident Rate per 10,000 flying hours. was equally at ease with the mighty and with MIGs. So the Navy bought FJ-l's but, A-4, 0.464; A-7, 0.666; F-8, 0.692; A-6. the lowly and they, in turn, with him. conservative as usual, said a swept-wing 0.430; F-4, 0.646. To him and to Ada were born two daugh­ fighter could never operate from a CVA. As noted, the F4H selection had nothing to ters who survive him: Ernestine (Mrs. Earl And its straight-wing FJ-1 naturally was do with the dictates of safety. (Its accident Hayes) and Jeanne (Darnall) whose hus­ not in the sa,me performance class wit h the record, incidentally, in its early operational band Richard died March 25, 1970. Mrs. F-86. About that time, the Navy came out phases was considerably higher than that of Briles died Feb. 12, 1958. He is also survived with its first real modern jet combat fighter the much-maligned F-111.) by his son-in-law, Earl Hayes; five grand­ since World War II, the Chance Vought F8U A more pertinent factor in the debate 18 children. Richael T. Hayes and wife Ruth Crusader--a plane that subsequently built cost. It is a little-known fact that the 15- Ann of Springfield, Mo.; Rebecca. Jane Welsh an enviable air combat record. year life cycle costs of an aircraft are more and husband C. Charles of Anaheim, Calif.; I wouldn't be a bit surprised if it couldn't than 16 times greater than the acquisition Melissa Sue Hayes of San Francisco, Calif.; outperform the "F-18" in a fight. cost. Carrier people know the fewer types of Richard Thomas Darnall of Kansas City, Ks.; Engines are the secret to a good jet air­ engines they have, the cheaper the whole Sarah Jeanne Vaughn and husband Gerald craft. And when Navy realized this, they operation becomes. It is one of the reasons W. of Norwood, Mo.; two great grandsons: came out with a new fighter requirement. we insisted on putting the J-52 engine in Michael Garrick and Scott Earl Hayes of Basically, it had to go Mach 2 speed at alti­ both the A4 and A6; the J-79 engine in both Springfield, Mo.; other relatives and a multi­ tude and land within 750 feet on an angled­ the F4 and the A-3J (that later became the tude of friends. deck carrier. It had to have sufficient fuel A5.) Memorial services were Wednesday, May for what is called a two-hour cycle time for The F-16 having the same engine as the 21, 1975, at 10 am. at Peacock-Milton Me­ the carrier, i.e., be able to fiy as a fighter two F-15 is one of the major reasons for the F-16 morial Chapel. Clergyman, Ralph A. Rosen­ hours and still have sufficient fuel reserve to having a.n expected $1.3 billion savings in blad; vocal soloists, Mrs. Donald Grogan return to the carrier. life cycle costs compared to the F-17 whose and Bob Minks; organist, Mrs. Rex Milton. The competition bolle<~ down to just two. engine would be new and unique. Interment in Stafford Cemetery. The F8U-3 with a J-75 engine and the F4H Which brings us to Navy's selection of the With two J-79 engines. The reasons the F4H "F-18" as its Air Combat Fighter! How it won should have taught us a great deal about could select an aircraft that lost both on what to demand of this "F-18" generation of cost and performance in an Air Force com­ aircraft. NAVY FIGHTER POLICY: "COMES petition is really hard to rationalize. I be­ But the Crusader, while it had good per­ lieve the Navy did not want either the F-16 NOW THE F-18 ?" formance, required a mass of electronics or F-17; but wanted Congress to permit it to which would have made it a maintenance pursue its over-all program with the F-14. HON. LARRY McDONALD nightmare aboard ship. The awarded contract is really just a While I was Chief of Naval Development, "look-see" engineering one. Maybe it's true OF GEORGIA we had worked long and hard, and spent mil­ they expect Congress to stop it because it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lions, on improvements in interception radar. flies in the face of what Congress desired. If It was a technical step up of the highest Friday, July 11, 1975 they do, they may hope the result of stop­ order. ping it will be that, eventually, they will get Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. (On retrospect, it is strange that we worked the F-14's they desire--after some time Speaker, serious questions have been so hard and long in the technical areas lapses and they can point out they have too to obtain all-weather capabllity, then find few fighters to man the carriers. raised by myself and others relative to that in any war short of an all-out one the the Navy's selection of the F-18 fighter. Or they may have picked a loser becaUS& chances of using such systems are small. they think it will make Congress happy to In my view, the decision may not have Limited war requires use of what we call the spread the work around on fighters and help been a wise one. In this connection, I "Mark One" eyeball before firing. The con­ solve unemployment problems. commend the article that follows from straints inherent in such limited actions So they may get the F-18 they don't want, Government Executive magazine for demand better identification than just firing anyway. June 1975 by John T. Hayward which at a radar blip) . If they do, it wlll be history repeating discusses the problem of selection of such Also, we could not imagine a lone F8 U itself. The Navy will once again not have planes: pilot at Mach 2, gazing into the radar scope the available top-line fighters it needs. and still being able to operate the whole sys­ As an experienced aviator, I say it was a NAVY FIGHTER POLICY: "COMES Now tem efficiently. That problem brought about poor decision. THE F-18?" the two-seater concept which, coupled with The Navy's recent "decision" to "buy" the the all-wea.ther, long-range requirement, F-18 fighter aircraft--which doesn't extst eliminated the F8 U from the competition except on paper-is hard to understand ... for all practical purposes. unless you assume they don't really want it The record to date of the F4 attests to the BALTIC FREEDOM at all. soundness of selecting it in 1954-55; but at More than anything else, the whole exer­ the time, the idea of not only two engines cise recalls history to me-and after 34 years but two seats horrified the "Hellcat Aces" HON. JAMES J. DELANEY as an active Navy aviator, I believe I can of WWII. They quieted down when it first OF NEW YORK justify some objective statements on naval flew in 1958 and achieved Mach 2.6 speeds. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES aviation. The evolution of the F-14 out of the in­ When I quit, I had more than 13,000 flying famous TFX has been covered in detail and Friday, July 11, 1975 hours, and had flown more than 100 different needs little added here. It is basically an ex­ Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, my con­ types of aircraft; including French, British, pensive, heavy, twin-engine fighter using gressional district has a large number of German and Japanese as well as U.S.-almost missiles for fleet air defense-but it is not every kind built from the immediate post­ what one would call an air combat fighter. citizens who are of Estonian, Latvian. World War II period up through the F-111. The Navy named its missile system Phoe­ and Lithuanian descent. Many of them At the beginning of the jet age, right after nix because it rose out of the ashes of the have families, relatives, and friends still that war, naval aviation was run by the most Eagle-Mlsslleer program Robert McNamara living in the Baltic countries. I span­ conservative type of people, technically. They cancelled. sored House Concurrent Resolution 159 had done a superb job in the war (with first­ The same engine developed for the Missi­ in the present session on their behalf. rate results like the F6F Hellcat); but 11ke leer plane, the TF--30, is in the F-111 and the and share their deep concern about re­ most successful people, they were not ready F-14. The whole F-14 concept is another for change. chapter in the running argument in the ported agreements at the "Conference Thus, while the jet engine was revolution­ Navy and in the Congress--where Navy 1S on Security and Cooperation in Europe,, izing aviation, more than one high admiral always under fire !or concentrating on car­ now underway in Helsinki. In particular. said no jet could operate from a OVA/air­ rier task force defense leaving nothing for the agreement by all participating na­ craft carrier. And they coppered their bets the offense. tions at the Conference to respect "fron- 22448 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 11, 1975 tier inviolability" has been interpreted "If something goes wrong, everything The average British doctor is responsi­ by some members of the press and by the probably will be hectic and the NASA peo­ ble for about 2,500 National Health Soviet Union itself as ratification of So­ ple aren't going to worry a.bout the press," Service patients, and may see as many viet World War II conquests. Ms. Knox said. If communication breaks down, she will go on the air live with the as 100 in his office every day besides As noted previously in the RECORD, the CBS coverage, translating from Russian to making house calls. The average Ameri­ State Department on April 11 submitted English. can doctor, according to a recent survey, a report to the Committee on Interna­ A fluent speaker of Russian, Ms. Knox is sees 169 patients in his office per week. tional Relations indicating that it re­ completing her dissertation for a. Ph. D. in Recently, the London Sunday Times mains our policy not to recognize forcible Russian literature and works with special carried an article which shows us, on a annexation by the USSR. programs in the Division of General and personal level, what socialized medicine To avoid misinterpretation, I urge Comparative Studies. can mean. passage of the Baltic resolution before She said she became interested in Russian when she read novels by Fedor Dostoevski Mrs. Alice Higgs, 54 years old, was a the conclusion of the Conference in Fin­ and wanted to read them in the original "priority" patient who died after waiting land. This would make it crystal clear language. a year for an operation at the University for all the world to see that United Ms. Knox, who is from Farmington, Maine Hospital of Wales. Doctors at the Cardiff States policy has not been altered by (1 Birchwood Lane), started out majoring Hospital state that they cannot guaran­ our respect for "frontier inviolability." in math and physics, with a special interest tee that heart patients will not continue in atomic physics. Then she switched to languages and earned a B.A. in German from to die while waiting longer than they Wheaton College in Norton, Mass., and an should for operations. TEXAS STUDENT TO TRANSLATE M.A. from Michigan State University at East The Times rePorts that, "During ape­ FOR APOLLO-SOYUZ Lansing, where she was the only non-native riod of one year, Mrs. Higgs was three speaker in the master's program in Russian times promised an operation to replace literature. two faulty heart valves and three times HON. J. J. PICKLE She said she "really learned" Russian, how­ it was cancelled." ever, at Middlebury College, where a student OF TEXAS Sir Alan Marre, the Health Service of foreign languages would have been ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Commissioner, is unable to establish the pelled if he were caught speaking his na­ precise reasons why Mrs. Higgs' operation Friday, July 11, 1975 tive tongue. She has been to the Soviet Union five was cancelled three times. He states Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, in addition times-twice as a student at the University that: to the astronauts' voices and the famil­ of Leningrad, three times as a tour leader There were administrative failures result­ iar voice of Walter Cronkite, Americans for university groups. ing in delays and repeated postponements. listening to CBS coverage of the Apollo­ "There's always translating to do," Ms. And in my view, these show a regrettable ... Soyus flight may also hear the voice of Knox notes. Last summer she was one of the lack of sensitivity and understanding of the Ms. Jane Knox. The University of Texas main translators for the Soviet-American distress and anxiety that the delays and track meet held at UT Austin. postponements of such a major operation doctoral student, fluent in Russian, will Besides that, she has been an assistant were bound to cause. be chief translator for the network professor of Russian and German at San during the space flight. Antonio College, a teaching assistant in For Americans to even contemplate Ms. Knox is not new to the translating Slavic languages at UT and has taught at substituting a system which has provid­ field and was the only non-native speaker Choate School in the summers. ed us with a surplus of hospital beds­ considered for the slot. She also has done theater work that she and no waiting lists for necessary opera­ A story by the University News and hopes will help her with the television work. tions--for a socialized system which Information Service tells about Ms. She has acted with the Afro-American would do precisely the opposite would Players, starring, appropriately, as a creature be Knox and her upcoming assignment. I from outer space in their production of· to work against better health for our extend to Ms. Knox my best wishes and "Science Fiction." citizens, and not in its behalf. would like to reprint the News Service I wish to share with my colleagues the article in the RECORD at this time: report of Mrs. Higgs' tragic death as it THE UNIVERSrrY OF TExAS AT AUSTIN, appeared in the London Sunday Times Austin, Tex., July 10, 1975. SOCIALIZED MEDICINE IN ENG­ of June 22, 1975 and insert it into the AusTIN, TEx.-Jane Knox has been listen­ LAND: MRS. ffiGGS DIED WAIT­ RECORD at this time: ing to garbled tapes, fa.st-talking tapes, ING FOR HER OPERATION MRS. HIGGS DIED WAITING FOR HER OPER- voices mumbling in Russian-and to a ATION-AND THE TRAGEDY Wll.L BE lengthy countdown from Kennedy Space REPEATED Center. HON. PHILIP M. CRANE (By Oliver Gillie) It's all to prepare her for the joint Soviet­ OF ILLINOIS U .S. space flight that begins July 15. Doctors at a. Cardiff hospital say they can­ Ms. Knox, a doctoral student at The Uni­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES not guarantee that heart patients will not versity of Texas, will be personal translator Friday, July 11, 1975 continue to die while waiting longer than to CBS newsman Walter Cronkite and his they should for operations. press team during the event. Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, socialized The case of 54-year-old Alice Higgs, a "pri­ The UT staff member has worked period­ medicine in England has produced a sys­ ority" patient who died after waiting a year ically with the Lyndon B. Johnson Space tem which Americans should carefully for an operation at the University Hospital Center in Clear Lake since former President study before deciding to alter our own of Wales in Cardiff, was criticised by Sir Alan Nixon and Leonid Breshnev agreed in Mos­ private practice of medicine. Marre, the Health Service Com.missioner cow to the joint space program in 1972. She The advocates of nationalized medi­ (Ombudsman), in his report to Parliament was on the first team translating documents cine in the United States Point Eng­ last week. related to the joint Apollo-Soyuz Test to Doctors say the reason other patients could Project. land as an example of what they would die while awaiting operations is that they are She said CBS called the National Aero­ like t.o see in our own country. Had they desperately short of facll1ties and they ex­ nautics and Space Administration to ask for examined the British experience more pect the shortage to worsen because of cut­ recommendations for a translator. She was carefully, their conclusions might be far backs in hospital spending due to the eco­ the only non-native speaker considered. different. nomic crisis. Ms. Knox will work with Mr. Cronkite and The cost of the National Health Serv­ Last year the doctors were forced to send the CBS press team at Kennedy Space Cen­ ice was flrst estimated at $600 million a about 80 extremely 111 patients from Cardiff ter, monitoring the launches of both the year. By 1951 it had risen $1 billion. to London because of the lack of facilities in Soyuz and the Apollo rockets. She then will ro Wales. join the main group of NASA translators in By 1969 it was more than $5 billion. The The story of Mrs. Higgs illustrates the most Houston for the remainder of the mission, estimate for 1974 is approximately $7 serious failing in the Health Service as iden­ monitoring Russian from the Soviet space­ billion, even without any improvement tified in Sir Alan's report--the inefficient sys­ ship and Moscow newsmen. in the facilities provided. tem for dealing with waiting 11sts. Ms. Knox's job ls "to be there at a.ll times," The real tragedy of socialized medi­ The Ombudsman ls not allowed to reveal assisting the CBS press team, she said, and cine is not its material cost, however, the identity of patients, doctors or hospital making sure all is being translated. but the cost in terms of human suffering. staff but The Sunday Times has been able to July 11, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS reconstruct the story of Mrs. Higgs because were 189 patients waiting for heart surgery and fortitude to protect the rights of her name was already known to the Press. at the University Hospital. Now, the number those people regardless of the possible During a period of one year, Mrs. Higgs was has risen to a.bout 200 even though the repercussions, the distinguished Brooks three times promised an operation to replace number of open-heart operations performed Hays, former Congressman from Arkan­ two faulty heart valves and three times it was there increased from 137 a year in 1973 to sas immediately comes to mind. cancelled. 186 in 1974. Six months after first being promised an Roy Hughes, MP for Newport, who orig­ Unfortunately, I have not had the operation, Mrs. Higgs was admitted to the inally took up Mr. Higg:s complaint with the honor of serving with Mr. Hays, for as hospital for a heart operation on January 26, Ombudsman, says: "This case has revealed a many of my colleagues may be a ware 1973. Five days later, after having been fully serious state of affairs in the Welsh hospital this most respected gentleman was de~ prepared for the operation next day, she was service. It shows how, despite millions of feated for reelection in 1958, after 16 told that it was cancelled. She went back pounds spent on a new teaching hospital, years of service. This defeat was a result home to Newport the following day and her Wales is still inadequately served." The case of Alice Higgs is not an isolated of his most courageous stand in what husband says that she was ill with anxiety was then racially troubled Little Rock for days afterwards. one; nor is the problem limited to Wales. On June 13, 1973, Mrs. Higgs was again ad­ Sir Alan Marre uncovered another six cases Ark., in support of the Supreme Court'~ mitted to the hospital, only to be told four of undue delay in admitting patients. Basic decision to desegregate the public days later, on the day before the scheduled faults in these cases seem to be the failure schools. operation, that it was cancelled because the of some doctors to review waiting lists and However, Mr. Hays has continued to surgeon, Mr. Tom Rosser, had been up all give patients higher priority if their condi­ be involved in public service as a mem­ night operating urgently on a young boy who tion deteriorates or if their circumstances ber of the board of directors of the Ten­ was bleeding internally. change. nessee Valley Authority, as the Assistant Mrs. Higgs again went home and her hus­ Sir Alan told me la.st week: "I have seldom band, Ire Higgs, says she could eat nothing. found an efficient system for managing wait­ Secretary of State for Congressional She vomited whenever she ate or drank. ing lists in the cases I have investigated; Relations, and as Special Assistant to the The hospital arranged for her to be re­ all too often it was casual and haphazard. late President John F. Kennedy. In ad­ admitted on June 27 for the operation, but "Provision of information and advice to dition, Mr. Hays has brought his knowl­ on June 26, the hospital telephoned a. mes­ patients and systematic arrangements for edge, charm, and wit to several church sage to the shop at the end of Feering Street, review of the lists are clearly essential. organizations, as well as to college cam­ where the Higg's lived, to say the operation Patients should be told if they are likely to have to wait for any length of time and puses throughout the United States in­ had been cancelled. cluding 1 year at Rutgers University as Two days later-on June 28-Mrs. Higgs should be told in writing what to do if their was still retching so Mr. Higgs bought some condition deteriorates. a professor of political science 1 year advoca.a.t to try to "settle her stomach." As "They should be kept informed of progress at the University of Massachusetts as the he was pouring it out, she became sick again at intervals of not longer than six months." visiting professor of government, and 1 and died on the settee in the kitchen. Among the other cases Sir Alan reveals in year at Wake Forest University as the Mr. Higgs, 60, a. retired postman, says: his report: director of the Ecumenical Institute. "The way they messed about with her caused A man had to wait in pa.in for over 11 months for a neurosurgica.l operation be­ While there are many of us who have her the most dreadful anxiety. She was full missed the enlightened contributions and of life and with two sons and three grand­ cause all three surgeons in a hospital had children, had everything to live for." separate waiting lists. Sir Alan suggests that thoughts by Mr. Hays on the House floor Sir Alan Marre was unable to establish the patients should be given the opportunity to this champion of human rights-who i~ precise reasons why Mrs. Higgs' operation had transfer from a long to a short list. not here today because of his strong con­ been cancelled three times. Shortage of ex­ A widow complained that her mentally victions-continues to set an example perienced nurses to run the intensive ca.re handicapped spastic son, aged 30, who was of ho:V we, as public servants, must be unit was the ma.in reason given by the hos­ doubly incontinent had to wait over a year for long-term hospital care and he was not committed to values worth defending pital. However Sir Alan says that sufficient and be flexible enough to advance thes~ staff were available to provide a bed for Mrs. even visited by the community nurse. After Higgs on each occasion. Sir Ala.n's investigation, the hospital found beliefs and principles through the com­ He adds: "There were administrative fail­ a place for the boy. plex machinery of Government. I would ures resulting in delays and repeated post­ A woman with a lump in her breast had like to share with my colleagues what I ponements of Mrs. Higgs' operation. And in to wait eight weeks for its removal and there believe to be a most poignantly provoca­ my view, these show a regrettable, if unin­ was a delay in telling her whether the 1ump tive article by Mr. Hays on the question tentional, la.ck of sensitivity and under­ was malignant. A further operation was nec­ of general amnesty, that appeared in the standing of the distress and anxiety that the essary but no firm date could be given. A severely mentally handicapped boy of Washington Star on July 6, 1975. This delays and postponements of such a. major article shows that Brooks Hays continues operation were bound to ca.use." He adds that 14 was refused admission to hospital when the last two postponements were "unfeeling" seriously ill. The family doctor had to waste to challenge us to think new thoughts and "unnecessary." valuable hours contacting another hospital and defend old principles. Mr. Tom Rosser, the surgeon in charge and the emergency bed service before the The article follows: of Mrs. Higgs, says that at the time her child was admitted to an adult bed in the Now's THE TIME FOR A GENERAL AMNESTY­ operations were postponed, the cardiac oper­ original hospital. He eventually died. FORGIVING AND FORGETI'ING The Department of Health says it plans ating fac111ties at the hospital had been (By Brooks Hays) going for only about three yea.rs and it was to spend £5 million on capital projects de­ not always possible to find enough trained signed to ease hospital waiting lists. It is Now that the disappointing results of staff to operate them fully. also discussing with consultants a system President Ford's "amnesty" plan a.re known, He says the Ombudsman's report does not for a central waiting list of patients requir­ it is apparent that the problem remains take into account day-to-day variations in ing surgery from which people would be al­ with us. The President's plan, produced by the availability of staff and fa.c1lities for located to individual consultants according his sincere concern for the thousands of ex­ work planned a month in advance. to the length of their lists. patriates, was not in reality an amnesty, and Mr. Rosser says: "Anxiety is a bad thing if there is to be progress in restoring the for a person with heart disease; there is resisters to their homeland, amnesty in the no question a.bout it. Anxiety can trigger historic sense must be granted. abnormal heart rhythms which could result MR. HAYS TO BE INVOLVED IN In the light of the failure of the Execu­ in death. We have learned the lesson of Mrs. PUBLIC SERVICE tive plan, Congress becomes the forum for Higgs. In future, once we have admitted renewing national consideration of the prob­ lem. It ls ironic that we have delayed so heart patients, we will not discharge them long in adopting amnesty for our own while without their operation. HON. NORMAN Y. MINETA moving with urgency to care for the South "We will keep these patients even though Vietnamese, some of whom have also been it means cancelling one or even two opera­ OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES guilty of resistance to political and military tions further down the line while we re­ policies of their country and of ours. (I rec­ arrange our schedules." Friday, July 11, 1975 ognize, of course, that there a.re important But Mr. Rosser warns that two patients Mr. MINETA. Mr. Speaker, there is differences in the two situations.) might die on the waiting list while another Arguments for amnesty for Vietnam re­ is occupying a hospital bed for twice as no question that when one thinks of those sisters were prematurely advanced in 1972 long as is normally necessary. "Other people individuals in our society who have but were wisely la.id a.side to await the re­ have died on the waiting list since Mrs. dedicated themselves toward improving turn of the prisoners of war and completion Higgs," says Mr. Rosser. the lot of the disadvantaged and the of the American withdrawal from South In 1973, when Mr. Higgs was waiting, there forgotten, and have had the strength Vietnam. It is inconceivable that the United 22M50 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July ~1, 1975 states, which has an admirable history of readjustment or the government responsi­ bill, H.R. 7655, to encourage the use of dealing compassionately with war dissidents b111ty to reward his military service. methanol as an alternative fuel for and offenders, wlll let the matter rest in In the cases of established conscience, motor vehicles. This bill would encour­ limbo. the resisters might be given an opportunity, American history seems to fix the pattern for an unprescribed period, to render na­ age the construction of methanol-pro­ of an amnesty policy. The Union forgave tional public service in agencies such as ducing facilities by allowing a 5-year the Confederates, even Jefferson Davis and the Peace Corps, but not as a condition for rapid amortization in addition to a 10- Robert E. Lee, in spite of the considerable their return. A special procedure, under percent investment tax credit. Second, sentiment for extreme punishment. Indeed, the supervision of an appropriate federal it wou!d exempt fuels which are at least Confederates were guilty of more serious agency, should be established for this type 10-percent methanol from Federal excise acts of defiance than those of the Vietnam of voluntary alternative service. The dis­ taxes. war objectors whose future now hangs on tinction between the President's program and this plan is that the first is mandatory I believe it is time for the Congress amnesty decisions of the President, Congress to begin a real program for the devel­ and the American people. and the latter would be voluntary. The amnesty proclamation of Christmas Such a policy would preserve the gov­ opment of methanol as a viable substitute Day, in 1868, was one of President Andrew ernment's legal and moral position in deal­ for gasoline. Why methanol? Methanol, Johnson's last official acts and represented ing with constituents and the problems of more commonly known as wood alcohol, a triumph of the moderate forces of the war and peace. It also would grant to the is more easily obtained, cleaner, and nation over the extremism of Thaddeus "men of conscience" on the issue of Viet­ nam an opportunity to prove that they more efficient than gasoline. In a recent Stevens. This is only one of several official test performed at the Massachusetts In­ actions evidencing the nation's commitment acted not in fear or weakness, but with a willingness to "pay the price of disobedi­ stitute of Technology, a compact car to forgiveness and tolerance, beginning with running President George Washington's a.ction con­ ence." on a fuel mixture of 30 percent cerning the Whisky Rebellion. Without such Comprehensive provisions for amnesty alcohol and 70 percent gasoline got bet­ a commitment the wounds of the Civil War would relieve the nation of responsibility ter mileage than on plain gas. The cars would have required even a longer time_for for perpetuating the suffering of the fami­ tested at MIT used between 5 and 13 lies of those who have posed this problem. the healing. percent less fuel. Methanol can be sub­ A general amnesty, not a case-by-case Due regard must be assigned to the cir­ stituted for from 15 to 30 percent of analysis, is what is needed to restore the cumstances of each case, but all who de­ sire to return to their homeland to take up the gasoline in automobile fuel tanks conscientious objectors to their famiUes and without having to make any major homeland. Congress and the President again the threads of a normal life should should be willing to make possible full op­ be able to anticipate a forgiving spirit on changes in present engines. portunity for restoration to normal life in the pa.rt of the American citizenry. I do not Methanol is a cleaner fuel, and its use the United states, with provision for volun­ favor amnesty for those who engaged in would negate the necessity for the clean­ tary, but not mandatory, alternative service. violence or committed crimes not related air devices and smog controls that To be blind to the elements of conscience to conscientious resistance. Oppon.ents of amnesty, arguing against presently clutter our automobile engines. in this situation would be contrary to Amer­ this position, make much of the fact that And potential sources of methanol are ican traditions. At the threshold of the soul those who would have to be repatriated all around us. It can be made from wood, the powers of government should pause. It have not said "we are sorry" and have and this does not apply only to freshly 1s apparent that the resisters' consciences conceded no wrongdoing. Opponents, cut wood. Methanol can be produced were not dull and insensitive, since their therefore, insist that any softening of from sawdust, scrap wood, and even moral position highlighted the uniqueness harsh laws on the subject should depend of the Vietnam War and finally influenced grass. The United States is as rich in on the resisters' attitude of remorse. Of coal as the Arab States are in petroleum, the evolving national policy on Indochina.. course, this would not be forthcoming in In any event, one need not agree with the many cases, as we have learned from ex­ and synthesizing methanol from coal resisters' position to concede that the odium perience with the President's plan. is one of the most practical ways of pro­ of criminality should not be attached to Harkening back again, one must ob­ ducing it. Also important is the fact that their records. serve that this argument also ignores the methanol can be produced from indus­ The parable of the prodigal son, based on timing of the father's embrace of his re­ trial wastes. By relying more heavily on human frailty and human goodness, sup­ turning prodigal son. Forgiveness came plies i·n any age the moral foundation for methanol as a fuel, we would not only from afar before the son uttered a single be decreasing our consumption of and a sound social policy. The parable includes word. When the father ran to meet the re­ several characters of interest: the father, turning son, he seemingly had no inti­ dependence on oil, we would also be the wandering son, the elder son, the ser­ mation that his son would greet him with partially solving our ever-increasing vant. One instinctively sympathizes with the words, "I have sinned." He was thinking problem of waste disposal. the elder brother's complaint tha.t his father solely of restoration, and this was the para­ In the United States, about 1 billion never had killed a fatted calf for him, not ble's supreme lesson. gallons of methanol are produced each even "a kid," but the father's assurance, "a.11 No nation can lose by responding to such year. Much of this is used in the manu­ that is mine is your," probably put to rest a spirit. It was in this spirit that Lincoln facture of plastics. It was originally a.ny fears that the elder brother's share of said: "The mystic chords of memory, the inheritance would be given to the stretching from every battlefield and pa­ thought that methanol production would younger one who had gone abroad and thus triot grave to every living heart and hearth­ be too expensive, but the price of gaso­ escaped his home duties. stone all over this broad land, w111 yet swell line continues to climb and eventually Such empathy does not support the fre­ the chorus of the Union when again touched, may exceed the price of methanol. In quently voiced objection to any amnesty as surely they will be, by the better angels of addition, if the production of methanol for the resister that it would not be fair to our nature." was substantially increased, the price those who did serve in Southeast Asia. The The parable of the prodigal son is not would surely be reduced. And, as indus­ objection can be disposed of in the father's solely for Christians. · It belongs to the defense of his welcome for the younger son human family which has been unnecessari­ trial waste was converted into methanol when he answered the elder brother's pro­ ly fragmented by the Indochina War. It is on a wide-scale basis, the price should test by saying, "all that is mine 1s yours, It time to generate a forgiving attitude--a for­ drop even lower. All the arguments stack was fitting to make merry and be glad, for giving that is indeed a forgetting-so that up on the side of methanol as a worthy this your brother was dead, and is alive; he the President and Congress can take appro­ alternative to gasoline as our chief source was lost, and is found." priate action concerning this diffi.cult prob­ of fuel. At the present time, the amount Any amnesty policy that would dilute the lem. of methanol made in the United States nation's appreciation of those who did bear arms would be devoid of support, and rightly is only about 1 or 2 percent of the amount of gasoline we refine. If we do not im­ so. The war veteran will find the public METHANOL prepared, as always following a war, to help prove these statistics, we are neglecting him wtth problems of employment and edu­ a patentially abundant source of energy. cation. He will be the recipient of specie.I The United States comprises 6 percent provisions for adjustment that no one HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST of the world's population, yet we burn rightly expects to be extended to those who OF vmGINIA up 33 percent of the world's energy. The did get into and stay ln uniform, even those IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES severe energy crunch we experienced a who were extremely conscientious in believ­ little over a year ago during the Arab oil ing that theirs was the course of patriotiem Friday, July 11, 1975 in a war so fraught wtth issues of morality embargo surely dramatized the r..eed for and public policy. The question of extending Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, on energy self-sufficiency. We need to ex­ amnesty should, therefore, not be clouded July 9, I was pleased to add my name as plore every possible avenue of new en­ by the problems related to the veteran's a cosponsor to Congressman EMERY'S ergy resources. Congressman EMERY'S July 11, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22451 bill is a rational one designed with our say, I won't comment on the ethical question What made the Solzhenitsyn talk so sig­ involved.... nificant was its timing, the auspices under future energy needs in mind. It repre­ which it was held, and above all, the moral sents the sort of concrete energy program Using stronger language concerning imperatives of its content. our constituents have been calling for. I the "ethical problem" of changing floor Until now, Solzhenitsyn had carefully urge my colleagues in the House to give remarks referred to by the above Mem­ avoided public speeches since his exile from early and favorable consideration to this ber, Warren Weaver in "Both Your the Soviet Union in February, 1974. important measure. Houses"-1972-said of the RECORD: Concentrating on his literary work, Sol­ zhen itsyn patiently waited until the oppor­ It is, in fact, another example of how tune moment, when his message could fall Congress is reluctant to let the public know on receptive ears. With the painful struggle what is really going on in the Capitol, as opposed to what Congress would like the in Vietnam finally over, and with the U.S. AN ACCURATE CONGRESSIONAL beginning to question the real meaning of RECORD public to think is going on . detente, the time was ripe. other references in Weaver's book In addition, Solzhenitsyn has confided that follow: he is concerned he may die soon; he believes HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER the KGB injected him With a cancerous . OF WISCONSIN Save for a handful of episodic newspaper clippings, the Congressional Record is the serum that may kill him within the next two IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES only document that historians, political year. He therefore sincerely wishes to concen­ trate as much as possible on his writing, Friday, July 11, 1975 scientists, and other scholars have to work from. Because the members are permitted to which he believes wlll be important as a Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. rewrite any and all of their floor remarks as chronicle of the Soviet experience. Speaker, for the benefit of our colleagues extensively as they please, the result is a de­ LABOR APPLAUDS considering House Resolutions 568, 569, natured version of history, synthetic at best Solzhenitsyn could not have a better host 570, and 581 mandating a more verbatim and willfully deceptive at worst. The official than AFL-CIO President George Meany, who account of floor proceedings in the CON­ sanction for this dubious practice of re­ organized the huge banquet in the Washing­ GRESSIONAL RECORD, I am introducing into vising the Record is a motion, automatically ton Hilton's cavernous Grand Ballroom where the RECORD pertinent comments made by made and approved after passage of every about 2,500 listened attentively to Solzhen­ debated bill, that members be allowed a peri­ itsyn's 2-hour speech. well-known authorities on Congress. od of time "to revise and extend their re­ Taking advantage of his labor forum, t he In 1959, a group of bipartisan House marks." Originally designed only to permit author opened h~ talk with an indictment of Members began conducting seminars for correction of bad grammar, it was soon Soviet claims to represent the working man. freshman Members of Congress. As a sup­ stretched to cover much more extensive re­ The slogan "Workers of the world unite," he plement to these sessions, our colleague vision, including actual cuts, as well as in­ said is an ironic exercise in hypocrisy, still Mo UDALL and Donald G. Tacheron au­ sertion in the Record of the undelivered last trumpeted dally in the pages of Isvestia. thored the enormously valuable book half of a long speech and, finally, all of a He praised the AFL-CIO for refusing to speech whose total previous public exposure deal with the puppet "trade union move­ "The Job of the Congressman" second may have involved only the staff aide who ment" of the SoViet state and detailed the edition, 1970. This book provides basic wrote it and the secretary who typed it up. history of the suppression of any real Rus­ information on the daily business of * sian labor movement by the Oheka and. the Congress and includes the comments and The Congressional Record itself is a vital KGB. suggestions of House Members sponsoring and essential document. But think how Solzhenitsyn also criticized the British la­ the seminars. The material concerning much more serviceable it could be if it were bor movement for "playing the game" With the RECORD and the comments of a Mem­ a really accurate account of the Senate and the Party-controlled unions of the USSR. He ber follow: House proceedings, if extraneous, though said such actions only facilitated the liquida­ tion of free trade unions worldwide. SPEAKING FOR THE REcORD valuable, material were separated and clearly identified as such, if each member's reprint On the dais were Defense Secretary James The Congressional Record is the message material did not have to be included, if the Schlesinger, Labor Secretary John Dunlop, center of the Congress. Members use it to real story were laid out there for all to read. newly appoint ed U.N. Ambassador Patrick communicate not only with their constitu­ When educational television sends the ses­ Moynihan and Special Assistant to the Presi­ ents but also with their colleagues, and it 1S sions into every home and taproom, it Will dent, W.J. Usery, Jr., in addition to a lineup here that the congressional newcomer begins no longer be possible to pass off a sanitized of national leaders of the AFL-CIO. to establish an identity for him.self. Accord­ noncontroversial version of what Congress The presence of the adininistration ap­ ingly, in the view of more senior members, does as the real thing. Why not start print­ pointees, especially Schlesinger and Moyni­ the new congressman is well advised to use ing the real Record now? han, was taken by some as a relatively sup­ its pages judiciously. portive gesture. CORRECTION OF ERRORS Conspicuous by his absence, however, was The body of the Record contains a. substan­ Secretary of State Kissinger, who was con­ tially verbatim account of Senate and House SOLZHENITSYN HITS DETENTE veniently out of the country. Solzhenitsyn debate; prior to publication members a.re specifically criticized Kissinger's peace agree­ granted permission by unanimous consent to ment with Le Due Tho of North Vietnam. He revise and extend statements made during said it was "tragic and ironic" to award the HON. BOB WILSON Nobel Peace Prize for such "flabby effort. debate. Thus they have an opportunity to OF CALIFORNIA correct grammatical errors a.nd uniillten­ which eventually led to the Communist take­ tional misstatements, to ctarify remarks that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES over of South Vietnam. might be misinterpreted when read rather Friday, July 11, 1975 MORAL PLEA than spoken-and to eliminwte impolitic Solzhenitsyn's oration struck deep into the comments made during the heat of debate. Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, under American conscience. His stinging critique A member may strike out any portion of the leave to extend my remarks in the of detente stripped bare any illusions that his speech or omit it entirely. Or he may add RECORD, I include the following: U.S. aid to the Soviets has helped the Rus­ comments not included when the speech was [From the Rising Tide, July 7, 1975] sian people. He was brutal in his attack delivered, perhaps changing the meaning or against profit-seeking capit alists who sell the intent of what he has said. However, substan­ SOLZHENITSYN HITS DETENTE Soviets the technology which they use to tial changes of this kind raise questions of (By Dan Fefferman) increase repression, calling such sales, "an individual ethics: Alexander Solzhenitsyn's speech at the act of selfishness incomprehensible to the At the conclusion of your remarks the of­ June 30 AFL-CIO dinner in the Washington ordinary human mind." ficial reporter will supply you With (if you Hilton Hotel may prove to be a milestone Asserting that "morality is of a higher a.re still on the floor) a copy of the remarks. in the history of the U.S.-Sovlet relations. dimension than law" Solzhenitsyn directly You can correct them there or back in your The Russian author's impassioned expose attacked the concepts of "legal realism" and office. If you have returned to your office, the of detente reminded one of a biblical prophet "moral relativism," which justify the accep­ copy of your remarks from the official report­ warning God's nation against an unholy tance of Communist tyranny on the basis of er will be sent to your office. Then you revise alliance. its being consistent with the law in Com­ and add a.s much material as you m.ay want The irony was that it took an exile from munist countries. to add. I don'Jt comment on the ethical cor­ the Soviet Union to tell Americans what we "In our shrinking world," Solzhenitsyn rectness of this, but this is the way it works. should have known all along: that the U.S. told the audience, "there can be no "internal You can add a lot of things you didn't say, is a great, good country and must not give affairs'. . . . Therefore I tell you 011 behalf of 1f you wish. Or you can even go to the extent up its struggle against totalitarianism. As one the Russian people, we want you to inter­ of changing the meaning or ithe intent old labor leader remarked, "He's going to fere ln our internal affairs. Interfere as much of what you did say, if you wish. Although, I make patriots out of us I" as you can!" 2245~ EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 11, 1975 Solzhenitsyn has given America a valuable extend certain remarks read into the be continued today until every vestige lesson. And, moreover, he was an excellent teacher. RECORD by the Honorable Philip J. Phil- of racism, hatred, prejudice, and dis­ While he made it clear that America has bin of Massachusetts in May of 1969. At crimination has been driven from our be­ made tragic mistakes in dealing with to­ that time, Mr. Philbin enlightened this loved land-until the majesty of the rule talitarians, he went out of his way to avoid august body on the acts and deeds of of law is assured for all and true human defeatism and instill hope. America's first Freemason of color, and brotherhood, as is demonstrated by the "America has been the most generous, outstanding, loyal citizen, and patriot, Prince Hall Masons, is enthroned in our most magnanimous and most energetic na­ Prince Hall of colonial Boston. Nation and the world. lilon of the free world. You are a young na­ tion, a nation for the future," he said. Then, Thanks to the alertness and kindness It is a documented fact that Prince stretching forth his arms and lilting them of one of my constituents and grand Hall was made a mason in Military up in a gesture symbolic of resurrection, he lodge officers of Prince Hall Masons in Lodge No. 441, an Irish lodge stationed intoned, "You must revive your commit­ New Jersey, the Right Worshipful Ker- in Boston and a part of the 38th Foot of ment to stand firm against evil." mit E. Bruner, Jr., district deputy grand the British Army, on the evening of The American people have needed to hear master at-large and the national direc- March 6, 1775. This act made Prince Hall someone say that. We need to hear from tor for the 200th anniversary, and our the first man of color to be made a Free­ someone we trust and respect that we have own former Maitre d' of the House Din- mason on the continent of North Amer­ something worth fighting for. ing Room, the beloved Ernest Petinaud, ica. Its significance and import lies in FIRMNESS whom you all hold in such high esteem, the tremendously effective and important While he stayed away from openly religious my attention has been drawn to the most roll that Freemasons played in every as­ themes for which some have criticized him, extraordinary historic fact; that Prince pect of the birth of this Nation. Prince Solzhenitsyn voiced a hard line, harder than some in the largely Democratic audience Hall Freemasons all over the world, Hall was admitted into this ancient and were prepared to comfortably accept. numbering well over 500,000 and located honorable fraternity 1 year and 4 months He decried as "ridiculous" the idea that in over 50,000 lodges, and on every con- before the independence of our great lihe U.S. withhold support from author­ tinent, are at present in the process of Nation. And I can understand how all itarian regimes directly confronting a Com­ celebrating the 200th anniversary of the black Americans, especially the Prince munist challenge. He singled out Vietnam, entrance of Prince Hall, a free, Boston Hall Masons, must feel about this most Taiwan and Korea as important exrunples. citizen of color, into the institution of extraordinary phase of black history. It "Oan you show me one country that has I maintained democracy when confronted face Freemasonry. am told that the illus- is also important to note that the late 1iO face With totalitarianism?" he asked trious Prince Hall was an outstanding brother Hall became the first master of rhetorically. "Did you do so in World War leader of the colonial period, who served the first lodge of "coloured" masons in IT? And you ma.de an alliance with Stalin with the advice and assistance of the this country; on July 3, 1776, on the while he was murdering 40,000 a month!" famous John Hancock, and with great eve of the signing of the Declaration of To dramatize his point, the author com­ distinction, under the then Gen. George Independence, African Lodge No. 1 was pared Stalin's crimes to the Spanish Inquisi­ Washington at the battle of Bunker and set apart by permit from lodge No. 441. tion, which he said motivated the execution Breed's Hills in the Revolutionary War. Prince Hall did attempt to affiliate of 12 people a month. Under the Tsar, said It should be noted that this able, far- with one of the white grand lodges of Solzhenitsyn, perhaps 10 people a montb were executed in Russia. sighted, distinguished Afro-American Massachusetts at that time, and his pe­ Even now, he said, the repression in anti­ leader, a Boston landowner and voter, tition was favorably received by the Communist countries is practically negligi­ most vigorously demanded that his State brethren of St. Andrew's Grand Lodge. ble compared to what goes on under Com­ free its slaves, and his city educate its But, unfortunately, Dr. Joseph Warren, munism. children of color as well as those of then the provincial grand master of More than anything, Solzhenitsyn's mes­ the majority population. He established a Massachusetts, was killed at the battle of sage emphasized the need for firmness on school in his own home to educate the Bunker Hill and his successor was re­ the part of the U.S. "You don't lose anything by being firm," adults. luctant to act favorably and accord- he stated. Citing examples such as the He was a man of great ability, forth- ingly. Korean War, the Berlin crisis and the show­ rightness, patriotism, and courage, en- The record is clear that on Septem­ down over Soviet missile installations in dowed with commonsense, balance, and ber 29, 1784, the Grand Lodge of England Cuba, Solzhenitsyn said that firmness, rath­ good judgment, determined to end the granted to Prince Hall a charter, which er than conciliation, was the best assurance loathsome discrimination which non- was delivered into the hands of Prince for peace in dealing with Communists. whites faced. He furnished the saga- Hall on April 29, 1787, by the brother-in­ "You keep on throwing food to the wolf, but the wolf is ravenous by nature," he cious leadership by which the law law of John Hancock, Capt. James Scott. said. against his people were changed and While Prince Hall made lasting patri­ On the question of convergence or the so­ their cause was meaningfully advanced. otic contributions to the Nation, to the called end of ideology, Solzhenitsyn declared, His eloquent voice spoke out boldly and Afro-American Masons he served so well, "The Soviet leaders have not given up their loudly for justice, and for righting the and to the country he loved with all his insane ideology in the slightest." He once cruel wrongs from which his people suf- heart and soul, like a great symphony of again urged the U.S. to stand up and fight fered. constitutional justice, his words, noble against what he called "the forces of world His wise, gallant leadership had broad deeds, and his holy cause are indelibly evil." ramifications and produced enduring, and ineradicably woven into the fabric He proclaimed that real peace would come only after the Soviets give up their ideolog­ effective results. of our American system of freedom, jus- ical struggle. The deep, sweeping in:fiuence of the tice, and equality under law for all. AFL-CIO President Meany said Solzhenit­ words and deeds of Prince Hall, which - This Nation is fortunate in that we syn was "not a politician, leader of a move­ gave his people the courage to cry out have citizens such as the Prince Hall ment or a diplomat, but a.n artist. His talent boldly against discrimination and prej- Masons, who are in their bicentennial as an artist cannot be passed on to another. udice, and strive for recognition as free year of their existence and are living But let us pray that his courage is con­ men and women, was a clear, stirring, examples of the acts and deeds of their tagious." clarion call that has come down through beloved progenitor. To which we can only add, amen. the years, and still animates people of It is certainly proper and fitting, at every race, class, and creed to persist this time, that we pause to thank my indomitably in the struggle, not yet won, constituent, the Right Worshipful Kermit PRINCE HALL MASONS CELEBRATE to liberate the spirit, the body, and the E. Bruner, Jr., a history instructor in the 200TH ANNIVERSARY mind of man from discrimination, per- Vineland public school system of my secution, and injustice. State, Mr. Ernest Petinaud, who spent Prince Hall was, in truth, an apostle some 35 years in the service of the House HON. WILLIAM J. HUGHES of enlightenment and tolerance for the of Representatives, and the Honorable OF NEW JERSEY whole human race of his time, and a Philip J. Philbin of Massachusetts, for· IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fearless leader who inspired his people reviving these facts and making it possi­ to achieve ever higher levels of accept- ble that we might be able to present them Friday, July 11, 1975 ance, dignity, and justice in the Ameri- before the candid world. Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Speaker, I wish can society. His battle was historic and Prince Hall stood in his great day and unanimous consent to re:fiect upon and heaven sent. His courage and cause must spoke out militantly for truth, humanity, July 11, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 224153 and freedom. Let this Nation continue his income" in the corporate world to start col­ we want you to be, you must take, for fight for tolerance and equal treatment lege. He hopes to complete a Bachelor of example, so many credits in fine arts. But my under the law for everyone, regardless of Arts degree, then go to law school. tastes are pretty well formed by now. I've Bjornstad, on the other hand, is a 31-year­ decided who I am and I doubt very much race, creed, or class, in our society so old father of three who is taking three eve­ that I'm going to change now. that the full glory and completeness of ning classes in the Continuing Education and "At my age, time is an important factor. our marvelous American dream of liberty Extension (CEE) division while working Four years is a long time out of your life at and justice for all will be totally realized, full-time for the Minnesota Highway Depart­ my age, whereas to some 18 to 19, they've and everyone in America can be placed, ment. got all the time in the world,'' Strouts said. as true justice demands, on a "footing "I've gone about as far as I can go in my Although attitudes toward a middle-aged with kings." job as bridge foreman,'' Bjornstad said. "I'm person taking college classes are changing, here because I want to branch out into some­ there are still some prevalent fears that may "So let it be written, so let it be done!" thing else." discourage a middle-aged person from re­ Like Bjornstad and Strouts, increasing turning to college. numbers of students beyond "normal" col­ Strouts, for example, said many of his lege age are enrolling in day and night Uni­ business associates "questioned. (his) sanity" THE PARTICIPATION OF NONTRA­ versity classes for a variety of reasons. Some, when he decided to go to college. "They said DITIONAL STUDENTS IN OUR COL­ like Bjornstad, want to find a more chal­ things like, 'The kids are so bright now. Do LEGES AND UNIVERSITIES lenging career. Others seek college as a way you think you can compete?'" to advance in their present jobs. Still others When considering a return to college, many want the intellectual stimulation and per­ older people express such fears as: HON. DONALD M. FRASER sonal enrichment that college classes offer. I'm too old to learn; OF MINNESOTA As enrollments of traditional college-age I'm a failure if I'm still deciding what to students level off or decline, "the adult stu­ do with my life at age 45 or 50; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dent is seen as the wave of the future in Spending money to take a college class is Friday, July 11, 1975 higher education," said Lenore Burgard, di­ selfish and rector of CLA's adult special program. With I've heard the University is a big, imper­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, the con­ the public's gradual acceptance of the con­ sonal place. I'll never feel comfortable there. cept of lifelong learning is increasingly cept of lifelong learning, older students may After older students overcome initial fears being recognized as necessary to a so­ help boost future sagging enrollments. of deciding to come to the University and ciety concerned with extending the bene­ "It's clear that we're not going to have actually enroll, "the great part of the battle fits of full social and political participa­ as many traditional college-age students ln has been won,'' Vera Schletzer, director of tion to all its members. The opportunity the future, simply because enrollments a.re counselling in CEE said. for educational experiences and training based on available popula.tion, which will be Once they start classes, older students who declining," said 08.rol Pazandak, CLA assist­ have never been to college or those returning should not, indeed cannot, be limited to ant dean for student personnel. after a. long absence often feel their study traditional college-age students-an in­ "There are dl'lfinitely more older students skills are rusty. dividual's need and desire to learn en­ enrolling. But our intent in the future will Bjornstad, the extension student, said for dures throughout his or her lifetime.· not be to recruit older students just for the him the most difficult part in returning to A number of colleges and universities sake of bringing bodies in," she said. school was doing required reading. "Once have begun to experiment with lifelong Enrollment of adult students has been in­ you're out of school, it's really easy to let learning programs. Not only do these cluded for the first time in projected enroll­ your reading drop off,'' he said. ventures enable schools to attract the ments for Minnesota public colleges and uni­ Schletzer said among older students "there versities by the Minnesota Higher Education ts a lot more worrying about study skills wealth of experiences and resources of Coordinating Commission (HECC) . HECC than actually being deficient in them." The nontraditional students, but they also defines adult students as person aged to 25 to how-to-study classes offered in extension furnish an opportunity to bolster sagging 39 years. After figuring in the adults, HECC division, she said, "give people attitudinal enrollments. For the older students now predicts a smaller decline in enrollments security, which may benefit them more than themselves, these programs provide the 10 to 15 years from now than it previously what they actually learn from the class." chance to break down fears and prej­ forecast. Many administrators and faculty involved. The University is now adapting and plan­ with older students note differences between udices felt about educational institu­ ning to serve the relatively new, growing tions, update knowledge, prepare for them and "usual" colleg~ students. One dif­ constituency of older students. "This is a ference is that older students are not under community service, or explore career group of people whose needs are only mar­ pressure to enroll in college, something many changes. ginally attended to,'' Pazandak said. younger students face. Middle-aged students Lifelong learning will require our "There are differences in needs for services have made a conscious choice to come to col­ schools to make major adjustments in and in attitudes toward education among lege and they are often very sure about what their orientation. Programing will have older students simply because their life situa­ they want from their education. to be more flexible--regular course of­ tion is very different from a 20-year-old's," "Middle-aged students aren't coming to Pazandak explained. the University because they think. they have ferings will have to be made more acces­ For the older student population, "the sible to nontraditional students and new to, it's because they want to,'' Schletzer University needs to explore different ways of coxnmented. educational services will have to be tai­ packaging learning experiences to fit with Schletzer, who also teaches night classes, lored to the special needs of these stu­ the experiences and life situations they have,'' said many extension students are "very seri­ dents. Pazandak said. CLA, she continued, might ous" about getting their money's worth out Minnesota's educational system has consider offering older students such "educa­ of classes. been exemplary in its attempts to meet tional packages" as three-week minicourses, "In evening classes, if an instructor is five these needs. I commend to the attention college classes on weekends or community­ minutes late, people in the class start asking of my colleagues two articles which de­ based classes. for their money back. And if the instructor Strouts, the former businessman, shared doesn't show up, people complain all the scribe the efforts of Minnesota's colleges Pazandak's view that the University needs way to the president's office,'' Schletzer said. and universities to extend their resources more flexibility in its programs for older "It's a real contrast with day school, where to new population groups. These articles, students. if a prof doesn't show up, most students' at­ which appeared in the Minnesota Daily, An aspiring lawyer, Strouts is somewhat titude is, 'Why hurrah! I get some time off!'" underscore the degree to which innova­ frustrated that both Law School and under­ Theodore Campbell, director of CEE, also tive initiatives on the part of educa­ graduate degree requirements are not flexible considers extension students, most of whom tional institutions can help meet the enough to give credit for his nonacademic hold full-time jobs, to be highly motivated. needs of an ever-widening spectrum of experiences. "If you're going to take night classes a After he quit business, Strouts wanted to couple of nights a week and you've got a job people. The articles follow: go directly into law school "and stand or fall and a family, that's quite a sacrifice in time A DIFFERENT KIND OF STUDENT on my own merits." But the Law School ad­ and effort," he said. (By Sally Thompson) vised him that he needed an undergraduate Many older students with full-time jobs or To people who think college students degree before he could apply. full-time family responsibilities sandwich should be about 18 to 22 years old, Sheldon Strouts said he thinks some of the re­ time for studying between other activities. 8trouts and Bert Bjornstad are not average quirements for an undergraduate degree that Bjornstad said he tries to study "every students. may be appropriate for a traditional-age col­ chance I get," whether it's on a short break Strouts ls a 45-year-old University fresh­ lege student are irrelevant to his needs. from his job or at lunchtime. man who had never been to college until he "My contention is that I already have a Ellis Thomas, a 37-year-old vocational began a full-time schedule of classes in the liberal education, but it may not have come school instructor returning to the University C~llege of Liberal Arts (CLA) winter quarter. out of a textboook,'' he said. for a B.S. degree in education, says his time Strouts said he left an "extraordinarily high "They're saying, in order to be the person for studying is "rare a.nd precious." 22.mi EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 11, 1975

For many adult students, high motivation SENIORS Go TO COLLEGE FOR NEW CHALLENGES, North Hennepin's program, now in its and high achievement in classes go together. PRACTICAL SKILLS fourth year, attracted national attention for Schletzer said she has observed that many (By Sally Thompson) being one of the first community colleges in older students perform "very well" in classes, the country to offer virtually tuition-free "We feel committed to seniors. They've courses designed specifically for elderly per­ although "there doesn't seem to be much paid their taxes and contributed to the difference in achievement between older peo­ sons. About 900 seniors took classes at North University's support !or so long. This ls our Hennepin spring quarter for an average fee ple and young students." She noted that chance to do something for them." since older students are "self-selected, they've As the definition of college students con­ of $3 per class. usually had other rewarding experience with tinues to expand from the "typical" student North Hennepin's program relies heavily on education." of 18 to 22 yea.rs to middle-aged people, it is federal funds, receiving money this year While older students' achievement may be now also beginning to include people over from the federal Administration on Aging. on par with younger students, some adults 60-people like Lily Rothschild. Classes "that are going over big" at North noted they have the advantage of having Rothschild ls a 76-year-old adult special Hennepin are dancing, chorus and trim.nas­ more experiences to relate to a subject. student in the College of Liberal Arts. Al­ ties, a class in water exercise, according to Ollie Paquette, a 77-year-old student there. Thoma.s said he felt llke "an old timer" in though there are probably no typlcail elderly students, Rothschild ls a member of a group Classes for seniors range from practical an instructional methods course spring subjects like defensive driving, "Legal Mat­ quarter. He has taught in vocational schools which will become more common on college campuses in the future. ters for Seniors" and "Seminar on Job Pos­ for six years. sibilities," to recreational classes including "I could have told the class a lot a.bout my After receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree ln French and German three years ago, beginning bridge, jewelry making or paint­ experiences in teaching as they related to ing. subjects brought up in class," Thoma.s said. Rothschild ha.s been auditing classes for about 10 credits per quarter. "Seniors like classes they can come and "I had to hold myself back a little, because Rothschild said she considered continuing do," commented Kathy McLearen, program I didn't want to dominate the class." on !or a master's degree, but decided against assistant for the senior program. "They The combination of highly motivated stu­ it. "I thought it would be too much pres­ don't want to be concerned with homework dents and a mix of backgrounds in extension sure, and at my age, I really don't need it. or grades." classes sets them a.part from day school Just graduating was a hard enough grind," One popular class, "Rap Session with Stu­ classes, extension staff members note. she said. dents," has been an eye opener for both se­ "Many people find the classes exciting be­ Why does she take classes? "It keeps you niors and young college students, who meet cause you're with people unlike the people occupied, keeps your mind going," Roths­ weekly to talk about any subject of interest. 1n your neighborhood," said Edith Mucke, child said. Besides, sh e wanted to prove to "We don't always agree, and there are director of Continuing Education for some friends and relatives, "but mostly to some hot arguments," said Paquette. "We Women. "It's not like the neighborhood study myself, that I could do it." seniors in the class have found out that the group or sewing circle where you pretty much Other senior citizens, though, may not young people today aren't much different know what people are going to say before want to take on the "grind" of regular day than when we were young." they open their mouths." school programs, and they are now asking Some of North Hennepln's senior students For a "Psychology of Women" class she for, and beginning to get educational serv­ were initially wary about coming to the taught last year in extension division, ices tailored to their needs. campus to take senior-designed classes, Schletzer said a woman and her three daugh­ They want information about retlrement said Bruce Bauer, program director. ters-in-law enrolled for the class together. planning, living on a fixed income and sen­ "Most of them have anout a ninth-gran (CEE) at the University. "And classes meet off campus, the problem of !rom the roles I fulfill for other people." though older people are now stereotyped as transportation to the college has been poor, sick and immobile, in the future we're solved partly by a bus donated by a local There are indications that the ratio of going to have a vital population that may not older male to older female students, in merchant and a special senior citizens' van. which men have long outnumbered women, be poor, sick and immobile. They'll be looking Unlike North Hennepin, classes in the Uni­ is now tilting toward women. for education as a way to keep involved in versity's Lifelong Learning Program are all society." located off campus-in the St. Louis Park In CLA's adult special program, the ratio Stuhler emphasized the political influence and Edina community and senior centers of women to men ls 55 to 45 percent. While seniors could have in the future. and at the MacPhail Center. women have traditionally comprised about "As older people become an increasing seg­ "We're trying to bring the U's resources one-third of the registrants in extension ment of the population, they are becoming to the community," explained Karen Nord- division, they now make up one-half of the more politically aware of their potential strom, program director. registrants. Class registration in Continuing power. Education can help them articulate Nordstrom said that "seniors want classes Education for Women, although not limited their concerns," she said. to relate directly to what they're doing." to women, has increased 48 percent in the Approaches to education for seniors at Classes llke "Eating to Stay Healthy" o.nd past two years. North Hennepin and the University differ, Meanwhile, older students are back on along with the elderly populations they "You and Your Income Tax" are offered par­ college campuses to stay. Their reasons for serve. North Hennepin's program, primarily tiularly for seniors. Retired professionals or coming to college are varied, yet they all attended by suburban home-owning seniors, retired teachers often teach the classes, share one overriding reason voiced by is more recreational than the University's Nordstrom said. The registration fee 1s $7 .50 Strouts-"Why should you ever stop program, which caters more to seniors living or less. learning?" in suburban highrises or in the city. A friendly, relaxed atmosphere for seniors• July 11, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22465. clas.ses is es.sential to their success, Nord­ health, happiness, and continued service Nick, of course, stayed on as alderman strom said. to the community he loves. from the old 7th Ward in South Shore and "We try to break down the stereotype of eventually wound up a traffic court judge, a. classroom setting, because many seniors SOUTH SIDE DAN STILL IN THE GREAT GAME which is where he is now. a.re wary of something called a class or a. (By Bill Granger) And Dougherty got along in the state seminar," she said. "We try to emphasize SPRINGFIELD, 111.-Daniel Dougherty was senate in the days when all the Democrats that it's not that type of experience." talking about Lefty Neckerman. down here couldn't fill a good-sized phone The majority of the program's partici­ "I know Lefty-that's what they called booth. And he plugged away at his good life, pants are in their late 60s and more than h1m,'' he started, his voice rasping out living in a two-flight on the corner of 93d ha.If are women. Seniors are about evenly slowly, his perfect teeth set in a typically and Jeffrey at the edge of Pill Hill (where divided between those With college degrees Irish half-smile. the doctors lived) and reared his three chil­ and those with high school diplomas or less, "He's up in St. Pascal parish on the North­ dren and played the great game. those who haven't completed high school, west Side now. He was a helluva. semipro Now he's right at the doorway of 70, and Nordstrom said. pitcher, you know. When he was a. kid, he he walks very slowly because of circulation The University may also soon be accom­ was the only Catholic kid to get permission troubles. But down there at his desk just modating senior citizens tn regular on­ to pitch on Sunday for money because he down from young sen. Richard M. Daley's campus day school classes. Although the was supporting his mother." desk in the Senate, Dan is working. He is Minnesota Legislature last session approved Dougherty laughed now, sitting in the there at 9 a.m., and he was there until 2:30 a bill allowing people over 62 to attend. little office he shares off the ancient Illinois a.m. the other night. When most of those classes at state institutions for no charge on Senate chamber. Dan is 69 now, and he has his age are sitting on the back porch at a. space-available basis, the bill has not yet slowed down a lot, but it was fun to sit and home, listening to the White Sox games, Dan been signed into law. t&Ik to him about all the good old friends Dougherty is toughing it out in Springfield. Even if the bill is signed as expected, ad­ from all his days in South Chicago. He has "Well, it's in your blood,'' he said, trying ministrators of senior programs do not ex­ been the Democratic state senator from the to explain. "It's great. I like politics." pect a flood of seniors into day school. Southeast Side of the city since 1954 and But he doesn't have to. Everyone knows "We're recruiting a new minority group, now, late into another session, he was taking that about Dan Dougherty-all the newcom­ and we need to support them on more than a. breather before rushing off to meet in a ers and all the old pals still around, every­ a space-available basis," said Bauer. committee. one who was his friend in the days of loyal­ "Colleges need other support services for Lefty Neckerman, of course, ls the Rev. ties and first hurrahs. - seniors, like transportat ion, and counselors," Thaddeus Neckerman from old SS. Peter and he added. Paul in South Chicago, which is Dan Dough­ James Preus, director of admissions and erty's parish and the parish where his chil­ records at the University, agreed that the dren, Nora, Dan Jr. and Brian, went to church. When his wife, Katherine, died a few AN EYEWITNESS REPORTS ON THE University needs "specific arrangements for AZORES seniors." He mentioned such measures as years ago, some of t'he old priests from St. simplifying registration procedures, setting Pete's who had transferred away from the up a senior orientation program and course parish showed up at the wake and funeral HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK counseling for seniors as pos.sible changes. mass, Dougherty said. "All of that suggests a center of some kind "And then I got a nice card from Father OF OHIO (on campus) for seniors,'' he said. Krump, who read about it in the paper,'' he IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES said. Old loyalties and old friends: All his Although neither North Hennepin's senior Friday, July 11, 1975 program nor the University's a.re now reach­ thoughts turned to them because that is the ing the isolated elderly or those with very stuff of Dan Dougherty's life. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I have limited educations, the programs represent When he was a young man and didn't received a fascinating letter from Rosa­ a. strong beginning to extending the concept have any gray in his brown hair, Dan laid brick over at South Works of U.S. Steel and lind Haley, a good friend and dedicated of lifelong learning. American who recently returned from "We feel committed to seniors,'' said Nord­ took his money home. strom. They've paid their taxes and con­ "That was the Depression, and you're the Azores Islands. The Azores are con­ tributed to the University's support for so lucky to work, even four days a week," he t ::olled by Portugal, whose Government long. This is our chance to do something said. "You know. everyone wanted to get a has fallen uncier Communist domination. for them." job in the mills. That was all we wanted, a In her letter Ros Haley describes the job." citizen protests she witnessed against the In 1933, when Bill Powers was running Communist authorities. These protests the old loth Ward, Dan became a precinct TRIBUTE TO STATE SENATOR captain and got a job in the Bureau of took the form of large demonstrations DANIEL DOUGHERTY Engineering with the city. and demands for freedom and independ­ "You see, in those days, the Irish were the ence. The authorities have responded bridge across all the ethnic groups," he said. with arrests and intimidation. HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO In South Chicago and all around, there were For the information of my colleagues, OF ILLINOIS a lot of Germans and Slavs. In those days, I am inserting the full text of the let­ with all the steel mills from Gary down to ter in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 87th St., they called that area the Ruhr of AN EYEWITNESS REPORT OF A STRIKE FOR Friday, July 11, 1975 America. Hell, today people don't even know FREEDOM IN THE AzORES what a Ruhr is. The day of June 6, 1975 was an historic Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, I will "Anyway, the Irish got into politics. I re­ like to take this opportunity to call atten­ one on the island of San Miguel in the member, Katherine was over at St. Cecilia's Azores according to the local Portuguese tion to an article recently written by Bill teaching, I think it was, and one of the newspaper, "Acores." The farmer's protest Granger of the Chicago Sun-Times. priests said that boys from that area grow which took place that day was the first In "South Side Dan Still in the Great up to become priests, policemen, politicians-­ such demonstration ever held of this kind. Game," Bill highlights the distinguished or bums. 'Any of the first three are all right,' But the farmer's patience had been tried to public career of State Senator Daniel the priest said. 'Make sure they don't be­ the breaking point. Dougherty. come bums.'" The largest of the nine islands in the ar­ Again, Dan laughed and lit a cigaret. chipelago, dotted from 800 to 1500 miles west The senator represents many of my In 1950, the patient days of doorbell ring­ own constituents in the upper chamber of Lisbon , Portugal, San Miguel is the second ing and vote hustling in his precinct pa.id island and is next to Terceira where the of the Illinois Legislature and has long off. Dan with his Irish name ran against United States' important Lajes Airbase is lo­ been a hero to me. Dan Dougherty has incumbent Republican Walker Butler for the cated. Aboard Lajes is found the strategic won a well-merited reputation for devo­ senate. He lost, but he ran strong, and 1954 refueling facilities in the Atlantic, as well as tion to duty and commitment to the he was given a second chance. That is the a U.S. submarine tracking headquarters for highest standards of ofiicial conduct. He way it was in the days of old loyalties and underwater detection. Transatlantic mes­ is a man respected by his colleagues and old friends; it is the stuff of which the sages are channeled through the area as well. held in the deepest affection by his con­ Machine is made. For the defense of the United States, La.Jes stituents. "In '54, Nick Fohling was my opponent," Air Base is of vital importance. Dan said. "He's an old, dear friend. So we The Azores Islands are highly productive It is a pleasure to bring this article decided right there that we weren't going to and nearly entirely self-sufficient, however to the attention of my colleagues in the fight the campaign on personalities, just on for the last year, since the military coup in House and in doing so I wish to extend party. Republican against Democrat. And I Portugal on April 25, 1974, the economy of to Dan Dougherty my best wishes for won, and I've been here since." this Portuguese province has steadily de- 22456 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 11, 1975 clined under the new largely communist farmers. This angered the farmers. Were Hurrah for NATO-We want to belong to controlled government. only Communist directed manifestations al­ NATO. Throughout the Azores, the farmers are lowed? Again they demanded the Governor and the backbone of the archipelago. New con­ The farmers' revolt had been thoughtfully finally he appeared on the balcony to greet trols have been imposed, crippling indus­ planned and despite the refusal of the Gov­ the crowd. try and inflation has brought this thriving ernor, they decided to hold it just the same. "Get out of the house, the house isn't island to the threat of poverty. Azorean farm­ The morning of June 6 a NATO fleet of yours," they shouted this over and over de­ ers are slow to anger but those of us who warships representing the United States, manding his resignation and he finally said live there have seen their patience and gen­ Oanada, France, Portugal and Great Britain he would resign! A great shout went up from tle nature sorely tried. steamed into the harbor of Ponta Delgada the crowd. San Miguel ls about 60 miles long and to be met by a sign painted on the sea wall­ The crowd then went to the only radio nearly 20 wide at its broadest; dairying is "Welcome NATO--Save the Azores." station on the island of San Miguel, and the largest industry and a Nestle factory The "manifestation" was an orderly pa­ demanded the Communist controlled di­ converts milk into the powdered product rade which appeared from nowhere (because rector get out. This, too, they accomplished, here. Great crops of sugar beets keep alco­ it had been forbidden!) at precisely 2:30. As without serious incident or harm but rather hol factories busy; three cigarette factories we were lunching at the leading downtown they accomplished their objectives in a quiet use the large tobacco crops and tea is grown hotel in the heart of Pon ta Delg·ada, we orderly fashion. on plantations, processed and packed for ex­ heard sounds of action which indicated un­ Meanwhile, unknown to us who were in port. Cattle are shipped on the hoof to the usual excitement. We hastened to see what the city, a similar procession of heavy duty mainland and two pottery factories flour­ was happening. trucks filled with logs, cement blocks, ished until the recent sharp decline in a once Leading the procession was one of the is· stones as well as the able bodied men, etc., busy tourist trade. Since the new govern­ land's many donkeys, mounted by a young had gone to the local airport and with vir­ ment took over, the farmers have been pa.id boy wearing a straw hat with a big stick on tually no trouble had lined up and parked less and less for their crops, taxed more and his shoulder. On the chest of the donkey across the landing strip preventing arrival of more and their industries and crops have was a sign "Who wlll help me?" To the Por­ planes carrying troops from Lisbon or else­ come under rigid controls. tuguese who are great for symbols and where. We were told the next day, as we Independent of ea.ch other, farmers' move­ parallels, they recognized the donkey as a boarded our plane for our trip to Boston, ments sprang up in various areas of the Is­ stupid government being managed by an that the trucks had remained there 12 hours land. First they wanted less controls, then immature leader who carried a deadly weap­ and only agreed to leave at the request of they thought in broader terms and wished for on NATO officers. autonomy. In view of the independence The donkey and rider were followed by a. That night of June 6 a holiday spirit per­ granted other Portuguese provinces, Angola great procession of people carrying home vaded the island. Firecrackers, very popular and Mozambique, they finally decided on In­ made banners on long sticks bearing the in Portuguese possessions, were set off in dependence. Signs and symbols appeared on theme, "Independence, Independence NOW!" each small town. The people appeared to be walls first, then houses, wagons, buses, trucks "We Azoreans want independence," "We unanimous in their joy because of the ap­ and every available pillar and post. want justice," "No more Azorean blood parent victory over the Communists. And "We Want Liberty" was the theme at first-­ sp11led on Lisbon's soil." the island of San Miguel, known to be one "Liberdade for the Islands!" and finally, "In­ These hundreds in the procession swelled of the beauty spots of the world, with its dependence, Independence Now!" into thousands for as they passed each store great rolling green hillsides and amazing Then early one Friday morning in mid­ or establishment, the occupants came out, verdure, believed themselves to be a firm step May, when the farmers brought their cattle closed their doors and joined the "manifesta­ toward achieving freedom. to sell at the weekly general cattle sale in tion." The total population of the 9 Azorea.n Is­ Ponta Delgada--a city of 40,000 inhabitants-­ Behind the crowd on foot came many large lands is approximately 250,000. In the United they found there a young dead cow hanging trucks loaded with enormous logs cut from States more than 700,000 Azoreans live hav­ by its neck from a tree, and there, swinging the forest with solemnfaced men atop the ing moved mostly to the New England States in the early morning light, they read a crude logs. Several large trucks were loaded to the and California where large Portuguese com­ sign pasted to its side reading "What has brim with baseball-size stones (used in con­ munities are found. The loyalties of these happened to this cow will happen to us farm­ struction which came from the native Azoreans is to the United States where their ers unless we make some action." volcanic rocks) . Each of these trucks car­ family and economic ties lie. The unrest continued to spread. Commu­ ried 8-12 sturdy men who, as my electrician Repeatedly we heard the plea that they nist party meetings were being increasingly who was standing nearby suggested, would hope the United States will back up their held on this island of deeply religious (97% probably make good pitchers had the army or stand for independence. Their allegiance ls Catholic) people-an island where tradi­ police interfered. Trucks were loaded with not to Lisbon, which ls now controlled by a tional religious customs, centuries old, are sand, with beef cattle, others were filled with Communist dominated Government which still found. The people resent the spread of 10 gallon milk pails, some with concrete bleeds the Azores of their money, men and Communism. blocks, lumber, cement, etc. products, giving nothing in return but tighter At one meeting a prominent Communist Each truck displayed on the front a home­ controls. Doctor of Letters spoke to the solemnfaced made sign crudely printed on wrapping or On June 10th, 3 days after our return to audience. They listened quietly and politely butcher type paper. They carried out the the United States we were dismayed to read and when he was finished they rose as one independence theme, pointing up that they in the Washington Post that-- and told him to leave. As he approached the were losing work, customers and a living "More than 30 persons . . . have been ar­ door they booted him out. wage. "We need work not high prices." "How rested following an outbreak of rightest un­ At other meetings where Communists long must we go without work " rest against Portugal's leftist military gov­ spoke they were met with a barrage of rotten There was no resistance from the police ernment.... " vegetables and eggs and when the speakers force, all of whom appeared radiant. The Before it is too late will the United Sta.tes departed they found their ca.rs overturned m111tary on San Miguel are made up of young Government back up the Azores' stand for and their tires slashed. Azoreans who fear being sent to the revolu­ freedom, and thereby insure their own mm­ Freedom signs sprang up everywhere finally tionary mainland of Portugal, and worse still tary defenses? appearing on government owned buses, for to be forced to serve in Angola or Mozam­ by May 1975 nearly all major industries were bique where the fighting has been bloody. Be­ FOLLOW-UP ON THE AZORES REPORT government controlled as were all banks, cause of their resistance to Communism, the A friend who just returned from the Island transportation, commuica.tions (although army on san Miguel showed no resistance to of San Miguel called to tell me of the changes the Azores do not yet have TV) labor, etc. the "manifestation." which have taken place since my departure The Communist Governor of the island of So the procession swelled into thousands. from there on June 7th, the day following San Miguel (population 131,000) sent the Large trucks, small trucks, tractors, taxis, the gala March for Freedom, Friday, June military to the bus barn to order removal motorcycles, jeeps, cars, people and more 6th. from the busses of all symbols derogatory to people moved in the direction of the Gover­ It appears that in the early hours of Sun­ the government. The bus drivers replied they nor's house, where the official government day, June 8th between 3 and 4 a.m., accord­ could not guarantee the safety of the busses presided. ing to typical Communist procedure, some if the signs were removed, so the m111tia Two other ladies from Texas and I finally 28 persons were a.roused from their sleep drove off in their lorry, unaware that the were able to find our way to a vantage point and ta.ken off to prison. Among them was an back end of their own truck was carrying ln a park near the government house where elderly highly respected lawyer, a Senhor the symbol for independence. we heard the shouts of the crowd demanding Correia who, despite the hour and shock of The farmers planned a peaceful protest the presence of the Communist Governor, his arrest, maintained his dignity, invited the which they term a. "manifestation," one Borges Courtinho. But he refused to appear police into his livingroom while he changed similar to those carried on continually in for some while so they shouted- into his street clothes. He ls reported to have Lisbon and on the ma.inland, and in Angola We Want Freedom. told his abductors that had they phoned and Mozambique. A few days before the Independence, independence now! him he would have been glad to present him­ planned "manifestaitlon" they made the Out with the Russians, Out with the Rus­ self at the Police Statton, saving them the necessary request, but the Communist Gov­ sians. trouble of the call, for he had nothing to ernor refused to grant permission to the We don't want Communism. hide. July 11, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 224~7 These 28 prisoners were promptly taken viet submarines based in Portugal could While we are at this Symposium today, by boat to a. prison on the nearby island of threaten the sea. la.ne5 conne<:ting the U.S. May 10, there ls a ceremony taking place in Terceria where there is an aotive Communist and its NATO allies. In effe<:t, it would form a little town near Florence, Italy-Poggio a cell. a Communist pincer movement on Western Caiano--honoring Ph1lip Mazzei, an unsung Apparently for lack of evidence 9 of the 28 Europe." hero of American Independence. His faith, were released but they a.re still held under a courage, dedication are being recalled there form of limited freedom, according to rumors. today as we too try to honor him. Born on Some were said to be confined to their home December 25, 1730, he studied and practiced and others (and more probably this is the PHILIP MAZZEI, UNSUNG HERO surgery before deciding to go to Smyrna case for all) were forbidden to leave the is­ OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE in 1752, where he remained four years and land of San Miguel. then settled in London in 1756. He came On Monday, June 9th at 6:30 P.M. another to Virginia in 1773 to introduce the grape­ "manifestation" was held, led by the Com­ HON. JOHN H. DENT vine and other agricultural products, and munist and Socia.list parties. Marchers were OF PENNSYLVANIA settled at Colle, his estate near Charlottes­ brought into the city by bus at government ville. expense. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A versatile, talented, well-read gentleman, Prior to this la.st demonstration, the mem­ Friday, July 11, 1975 Mazzei's interests and friendships~in Italy, bers of the armed forces units were sent out England, France, Holland, Poland-were in­ to clean from the walls, monuments, houses, Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, as we enter numerable. The charm of his personality, his pilla..rs and posts, all symbols which had been into this, our bicentennial year, one be­ intelligence and love of freedom, his knowl­ painted prior to election during the past comes a ware that the success of the edge of men and events, led him to active several months, for most of the people on the American Revolution depended upon the participation in the political life of Virginia. island were in opposition to the Communist efforts of a number of Colonists and sym­ He was asked to search out the best Italian controlled government. pathizers, not only of British origin, but translations of Latin and Greek authors, to The peaceful island of San Miguel has supply copies of portraits of early explorers, changed. Military cars With men With guns indeed, of origins in all of Europe. to look for Italian sculptors to work in the now continually cruise around. The airport As a person who is proud of his Capitol, Washington, D.C. He witnessed the is frequently closed. It is said that on at least heritage, which happens to be Italian, political upheavals of the 18th Century­ 2 occasions gunfire has been heard at the air­ I was heartened to learn of a singularly the American Revolution, the French Revolu­ port during the night. Throughout the island effective spokesman for the Revolution tion, the Second Division of Poland, the there is a. feeling of tenseness, of always look­ who came from Italy in 1773 and settled Industrial Revolution in England. ing over your shoulder. in Virginia. His name was Philip Mazzei, In his book entitled A Nation of Immi­ It seems incredible, but still a proven fact, and as a friend and intellectual con­ grants, President John F. Kennedy states: that only a. handful of well trained Com­ "The great doctrine, 'All Men Are Created munists have been able to take over the con­ temporary of Thomas Jefferson, did Equal,' incorporated in the Declaration by trol of 131,000 people on this island and by much to encourage the philosophy in­ Thomas Jefferson, was paraphrased from the careful manipulation of the Azorean soldiers, herent in the Declaration of Independ­ writings of Philip Mazzei." they now apparently have control of the ence. During the Bicentennial Year, as our situation. Like Thomas Paine, Mazzei was re­ thoughts turn to the original Thirteen Colo­ The Communists would like the Azoreans sponsible for kindling an awareness nies, and to our Founding Fathers, we to cultivate a "wait and see" attitude as this among the colonists concerning what it proudly recall the splendid records of the gives them time to carry out their plans. many heroes of American Democracy. It is According to the Communist Party "Mili­ was they were fighting for. appropriate therefore that we honor Philip tant" of June 6, 1975, they have this to say: Recently, Sister Margherita Marchione Mazzei (1730-1816), whose pen inspired and "Of the pro-Moscow Stalinist parties, the of Farleigh-Dickinson University in New strengthened the colonists in their struggle Portuguese CP has earned a reputation as the Jersey delivered a paper on Mazzei, in for independence. Frequently in his writings most dogmatic in Western Europe. It is the which she points out that the intellec­ be used the pseudonym "Furioso," referring only one the continent other than the 'ex­ tual and philosophical spirit of Philip to himself as a "Citizen of Virginia," while terior' Greek CP that has driven out the Mazzei was as much a part of our suc­ he wielded his pen exhorting the colonists liberal wing that exists in most of the others. to sever all ties with England. In his His­ The tens of thousands of new re<:ruits that cessful American Revolution as was any torical and Political Studies, Philip Mazzei have flooded into the party since April 25, battle. I would take this opportunity to gives us an eyewitness account of the period, 1974, have been trained in a. 'tough' sectarian insert Sister Margherita's paper in the beginning With the development of each of spirit reminiscent of the Stalinist parties RECORD in order that we might be better the Thirteen Colonies, and refutes errors ln their ultraleft 'third period.' However, aware, and thus more appreciative of and misrepresentations circulating in books material factors also promote sectarianism on this "idea man" of the American strug­ and newspapers throughout Europe. the part of much of the CP membership. gle for independence: Mazzei addresses him.self to the "People Since April 1974 the CP has been virtually of the United States of America-My dear the government party." The great educator and president of Co­ fellow-citizens: The prejudices I have found lumbia University, Nicholas Murray Butler in Europe, regarding our government and U.S. News of May 26 states: "Communists once said: "The place of Italy in civilization got only 12.5 per cent of la.st April's vote; our present situation, have inspired in me Socialists, more than 37 per cent. Socialists, is best shown by trying to subtract that the desire to fight them; therefore I have not Communists, should be ruI1Jlllng Portugal place from world history .... You can sub­ written as an historian and not as an for leftists. But Russia wants to run Portu­ tract Italian culture from civilization only apologist. I have not spared any effort to gal as it runs much of Eastern Europe. So by destroying that civilization." be accurate and truthful; I have tried to Portuguese Communists are under orders to As we approach the Bicentennial Year, indicate the degree of probability of facts do their best to keep reel power through our thoughts turn to the heroic founders of which are uncertain and, in matters still the military. the original Colonies, to the great American under discussion, I haxe expressed my senti­ As a. result, Socialists all over Western Statesmen who later struggled from freedom, ments as befits a citizen of a free country." Europe are shying away from ties to Com­ to the unselfish labors of all ethnic groups In the Introduction which follows he states: munists. Western European Communist lead­ and their unforgettable contribution to our "My principal purpose is to give the most ers are telling the Kremlin to be less heavy­ Democracy. accurate and clear idea of the situation in handed about se.botaging democracy if they There is no need to recall that an Italian the thirteen United States, and, above all, of hope to win free votes." discovered America, another gave her its their governments. This is possible because As Plain Truth said: "It is no secret that name, others explored her coasts, mission­ I can avail myself of historical facts that the prospect of a Communist Portugal fright­ aries spread Christianity, civilization, and can cast light on the subject we shall ex­ ens Western European and NATO officials. good wlll among the Indians. There was amine. I shall begin with a brief exposition The fear is that the Portuguese example scarcely a field of activity-industrial, archi­ of the first forms of government in the could be duplicated in other European tectural, artistic and professional-in which colonies in order to show their relationship states, most notably Spain, Italy, Greece, the Italians were not intensely active and to Great Britain. I shall show you what was Turkey, and even France, which like Italy we know that they were recognized as skilled the true cause of the Revolution. Then I has a formidable Communist Party." craftsmen, that they started the silk industry shall sketch a picture of the conduct of the An outright Communist Portugal could in Georgia, and the glass industry in Virginia. colonies during a very interesting and sin­ nullify the presence of the U.S. sixth fleet-­ Artistic creation in architecture, painting, gularly critical period-the space of almost already suffering the loss of key bases in the sculpture, music, llterature-more than poli­ two years between the cessation of the royal eastern Mediterranean-by added port priv­ tics, war, philosophy or commerce-has been government and the creation of the republi­ ileges given to the Soviet fleet. Soviet con­ the predominant character of the civiliza­ can government." trol of the strategic Portuguese Azores in tion of the Italian people. Among the many In the March 1 788 issue of the Mercure de the Atlantic would drastically reduce Ameri­ heroes it suffices to mention the universal France, we read: "It is easy to recognize can military options in the Mideast as well poet Dante Altghieri, whose deep insight pro­ through the veil that shrouds the Author, as hamper U.S. survelllance of Russian sub­ phetically shed light on the spirit of our an illustrious philosopher, worthy by his marines in the Atlantic. Most important, So- Democracy five centuries before 1776. genius and the elevation of his character, to 22458 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 11, 1975 enlighten men, to defend their rights, and England. Consequently, he was placed dation of American liberty contains all the destined through the power of his thought aboard a ship and sent back. From the mo­ principles necessary to preserve it. These to exert influence on the happiness of his ment he landed, he was arrested and im­ principles are on the lips and in the heart century and posterity." Thus we see that prisoned. When brought before the tribunal, of all Americans, who have a religious re­ Mazzei's history of the American Colonies the judge asked him why he had returned. spect for it. It is on this declaration that my did not fail to make an impression on his "I have been transported," he responded.­ hopes rest. As the clouds of old prejudices contemporaries. However, the book was not "But do you not know that the law con­ are dispelled, the pen of one wise and zeal­ published in either Italian or English, but it demns to be hanged whoever comes back ous citizen will suffice, perhaps, to supply an appeared in French in 1788 and, a year later, before his term is up?"-"I know it, my efficacious remedy for the greatest disorders. in German. Lord."-Why, then, have you come back?"­ In the Thirteen States people read and are The four books were written with a defi­ "My Lord, because I have been transported." avid for instruction. It will be enough to nite purpose, and the volumes represent The judge, who did not imagine that one give them proof of the transgressions of clearly the author's personal convictions and could be condemned to be transported from their representatives for them to order them sentiments. In Volume I, he discusses chron­ America to England, did not comprehend at to do their duty. If these principles had not ologically the founding and development of all what the man was saying. The misunder­ been expressed with this clarity that places the thirteen original colonies, adding chap­ standing, one of my friends who had been them in the hands of everyone, then the dis­ ters on law and government. Volume II con­ present at this scene told me the same day, putes, sustained on the one hand by all the sists largely of a confutation of the Abbe de was the occasion for a very strange dialogue cleverness of bad faith and on the other by Mably. Mazzei dwells on the nature of gov­ between the so-called culprit and the judge, the enthusiasm of patriotism, could have ernment and on the character of the people which attracted the attention of all the rendered the people uncertain and con­ of the United States, on the Administration spectators. Finally, when the judge made sequently kept them inactive. But the and Education, on the Judges of the Supreme him understand that he would be hanged, Declaration of Rights will serve as a rule Court, on Freedom of the Press and Religion. he pulled out of his pocket the authentic and point of departure for zealous citizens In Volume III, he continues the history of copy of the sentence of the court of New and dispel their doubts." the colonies, discusses the Quakers, the cli­ York, the reading of which stimulated gen­ "In my private capacity," Mazzei wrote to mate of the United States, and concludes deral laughter, and ended with the man being Patrick Henry on January 26, 1776, "I have with a confutation of the Abbe de Raynal's set free." endeavored to do all in my power toward the deductions. Volume IV consists of a series of The many documents available to us as Public Welfare.... I have sent to Mr. John essays on political, financial and social con­ well as his correspondence give ample proof Page a copy of the instructions I had pre­ ditions in the American Colonies. of his contacts with promi·nent philosophers, pared with the justification of the senti­ The chapter on Emigration is a translation merchants, businessmen, politicians, diplo­ ments therein contained and some reflec­ of Franklin's famous Information to Those mats, noblemen, who sought his friendship tions upon the English constitution, en­ Who Would Remove to America. Other topics and advice. His writings, worthy or profound deavoring to prove the weak basis and heavy are on the Indians, on Slavery, The Society study and evaluation, should be placed in errors of it, my idea in regard to the nature of Cincinnatus, and a Supplement follows proper perspective for, at all times, they of the best government which may be easily with several documents including the United reveal the heroic and unselfish generosity of established by us, an opportunity that no States Constitution. Philip Mazzei concludes a loyal "Citizen of Virginia." People (by what we know from history) the fourth volume as follows: "Such have Truly indicative of nob111ty are the notes ever had before." been my reflections on the influence of the jotted in pencil by Mr. John Page on the Philip Mazzei was totally involved in the American Revolution. I do not think I have back of a letter he received from Philip Maz­ movement for independence. In fact, when exaggerated its importance, nor that I have zei dated February 11, 1775. He describes the first danger of a clash with the colonists been carried away by the enthusiasm which Ma.zzai as "a. person of the most una1Iected and the English arose, Mazzei was among inspires the noble and impressive contribu­ piety and the strictest veracity and honor those who enlisted. He joined the "Inde­ tions this new nation gives to the world." and most manly openness and candour. I can pendent Company" of Albemarle as a private, These four volumes contained valuable mate­ assure Mr. H. [Patrick Henry] that it is not together with Vincent Bel11ni and Thomas rial and documents which served, for future in his power to hurt him ... in the opinion Jefferson. As they marched on toward the historians, as reference on the Colonists and of the [House of Burgesses], and that he is coast, they were joined by young James the American Revolution. An Italian, Carlo so universally beloved by the people.... They Madison and his brother. Mazzei modestly Botta, wrote the first History of the War of know his integrity and abilities and they relates that they wanted to make him a American Independence in 1809. Later it was have felt the good effects of them in his lieutenant, but that he declined the honor, translated into French and English with at affairs." saying that as a private he could still per­ least seven editions. Carlo Botta mentions Before Thomas Paine's pamphlet "Common form half the duty of an officer, that is the work by Mazzei in his Bibliography. Ber­ Sense" appea.red in January 1776, Ph11ip give advice, provided the officers would listen nard Fay called Mazzei's work "an accurate Mazzei had already published. a series o! to him. Whether or not the officers listened summary of the foundation of the thirteen newspaper articles, 1774-1775, Jn Pinkney's to him we do not know, but Jefferson had colonies and a truthful exposition of the "Virginia Gazette" under the pseudonym o! to, later, in the Revolution, when Mazzei economic troubles which brought about a "Furioso." First written in Italian and then wrote lengthy letters from France replete break between Great Britain and the Colo­ translated into English by his good friend with advice. nies. His fourth volume devoted to the mod­ Thomas Jefferson, Mazzei's writings strove to The danger having been averted, Mazzei's ern United States is very interesting.... He change the attitud~n of the Colonists toward company did not see military action and showed how the example of the Americans, Great Britain. His dissemination of the prin­ was soon disbanded. He writes that though who translated their ideas of freedom from ciples of equality as found in the "Virglnia he did not go far from home, he was more theory into practice, had helped and would Gazette" at the beginning of the American occupied with political and military affairs help European nations." Revolution illustrates and confirms his total than he was with his private enterprises. In Mazzei did not intend that his book be a involvement in tha politics of this period. his letter of January 11, 1777, to John Page, philosophical treatise; but only a popular It is interesting to note that Jefferson's Mazzei states: "As I am preparing to march exposition of the American Government at original draft of the Declaration of Indepen­ to the Continental Camp with as many work. Information on important subjects was dence contained the phrase "and indepen­ volunteers as I shall be able to persuade, supplied by Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, dent" ('that all men are created equal and I must settle everything without delay." James Madison and other leaders of the independent ..."). However, we know that While appreciating Mazzei's desire to join time--men who had either created the docu­ this phrase had appeared in the "Gazette": the Continental Army, Patrick Henry, who ments or lived through the period of the "All men are by nature created free and was the governor of Virginia at the time, Revolution. independent. Such equality ts necessary in refused him permission, stating that he Mazzei did not lack a sense of humor. order to create a free government. It is nec­ could best serve the country with his pen After examining each of the thirteen essary that all men be equal to each other rather than his sword. colonies, the character of their people and in natural !aw. Class distinction has always Mazzei's agricultural experiments were their relationship with Great Britain, he been and will always be an effective obstacle pushed into the background by events of writes as follows: "It was said and written and the reason for it ls very clear. When you military and polltical importance. Virginia in Europe, and it was believed that the col­ have several classes of men in a nation, all was sorely pressed for money and army onies were in large part peopled by criminals must have their share in the government of supplies. It was decided by Thomas Jefferson, who were transported here from England. If the country; otherwise one class would dom­ Patrick Henry, George Mason, John Page and this were true, their dl'lscenda.nts should inate the other. But ea.ch share cannot be others, that Mazzei would be put to better only be the more esteemed, unlees one would made perfectly equal. ..." use if he were sent to Europe for the pur­ like to attribute to the climate or to the In his Studies Mazzei writes that "the de­ pose or borrowing money !or the State of soil the virtue of improving mankind.... " legates who were charged with forming the Virginia from his friend, the Grand-Duke The law for the transportation of criminals new constitution declared, unanimously, in of Tuscany. Thus Mazzei became Virginia's tended to discredit the Colonists. Mazzei all the states, that all men are born equally Agent. Not only by word-of-mouth did Maz­ relates that around the year 1766, someone free and independent." In this same chapter zei promote the American Cause abroad, but who had landed secretly in New York was on "The Right to Vote," Mazzei adds a foot­ also by the writing of many letters and ar­ arrested. "His case was brought to court, he note: "It is with this great truth that the ticles such as "Why the American States was condemned to be transported to the old Declaration of our Rights begins. This foun- Cannot Be Called Rebels," "The Justice of July 11, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22459 the American Cause," "The Importance of many immigrants of all ethnic groups, who, institutions, and in the standards of public Commerce With Virginia." as he did, have made priceless contributions morality to which we have paid only a Later, Mazzei became the agent and to the America we all cherish and appreciate "nodding acquaintance" over the years. As charge d'affaires of King Stanislaus of Po­ in a special way during this Bicentennial we do so, it is well to remember that criti­ land in Paris. His letters from 1788 to 1793 Celebration of the American Revolution. cism does not necessarily imply hostility; enlighten us about a very critical period of Philip Mazzei's message is a personal one. and, indeed, the recognition of human weak­ Polish history. It was exemplified in the spirit of sacrifice, ness suggests no alienation. One thing that Among Mazzei's friends was another great the courage and the hope of our forefathers. becomes painfully clear as we look today at soldier, Lafayette. When Mazzei was in War­ With the closing sentence in the Declaration the shattered careers of so many public serv­ saw, Lafayette wrote to him from Metz, of Independence, the Continental Congress ants, with their confusion of public service April 21, 1792, as follows: "If you are still so made a profession of trust in God: with personal gain, is that we cannot always fortunate as to be with the King of Po­ "And for the support of this Declaration, be certain of the validity of the defensibility land, I beg you, my dear Mazzei, to pay him with a firm reliance on the protection of of the positions taken by those who claim 'the respects of a soldier of liberty, who does divine Providence, we mutually pledge to to be our leaders. not flatter himself into believing that his each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our One of the problems that we encounter compliments are pleasing to many kings of sacred Honor." as we look at our past as well as our present Europe, but who likes to express his grati­ Today we are inspired by the story of a is that we tend to shy away from making tude as well as his admiration for the leader man whose dedication to his adopted country judgments or even criticisms of those who of the Polish Revolution." should never be forgotten. When he returned occupy the seats of the mighty. To the un­ Mazzei died at Pisa, Tuscany, on March to Europe his longing for America never initiated, it seems somehow inappropriate. 19, 1816. With much insight and accuracy, ceased and he wrote to Madison as follows: To the seasoned or cynical politician, it ls Mazzei's contemporaries have left us a very "I am leaving, but my heart remains. anathema. interesting verbal portrait in the obituary of America ls my Jupiter, Virginia my Venus. To be sure, we ally ourselves with one the Philadelphia Aurora (reprinted in the When I think over what I felt when I political party or another-as we have done Richmond, Virginia, Argus, June 26, 1816). crossed the Potomac, I am ashamed of my since the time of Jefferson and Hamilton­ After a summary of his career, the article weakness. I do not know what will happen and we have railed against the politics of continues: "Mazzei was a distinguished pol­ when I shall lose sight of Sandy-Hook. I one party or, now and then, the conduct of itician. In principles he was a republican know well that wherever I shall be and under party leaders. and a confessed enemy to tyrants, both of any circumstances I will never relent my On the whole, however, our criticisms have church and of state. His work on America efforts towards the welfare of my adopted been superficial; and the glass houses we furnishes ample proof of his adherence to country." have occupied have, for obvious reasons, pre­ the best principles in politics. Today, both here and abroad, Mazzei's vented our engaging in all-out strictures "He was possessed to a great ingenuity of ideals and contribution to the freedoms we against our adversaries. The result has been enjoy are remembered, and the efforts of all that we have u sually engaged in the most character and simplicity of manners. His our Founding Fathers a:ppreclated. More knowledge of mankind was extensive. He was than at any time in our history we need to gentle rapping of the knuckles of those who profoundly adept in the science of human regain that spirit which inspired them in have betrayed their public trust; and seldom nature. Toward the United States his af­ 1776-when patriotism won for us our in­ have we called our public servants to account fections were ent irely devoted. His principal dependence and built for us a great nation in a really serious way. consolation in the decline of life was derived of liberty-loving people, thereby preserving In the effort to create an "instant history" from seeing that country flourish, of which for us a freedom and security unsurpassed with which we could live and prosper, our he was proud to consider himself an adopted in the history of the world. early historians intentionally placed our early citizen." Philip Mazzel's book Historical and Politi­ national heroes and leaders beyond the pale In a letter dated July 18, 1816, from Mon­ cal Studies on the United States of A mertca of criticism. From the time that Benjamin ticello, Virginia, Thomas Jefferson wrote to will be published by the American Institute Franklin created his own hero in "Poor Rich­ Giovanni Carmignani, an Italian professor of Italian Studies, Eight East Sixty-Ninth ard" and Mason L. Weems created the cherry at the University of Pisa as follows: Street, New York, N.Y. 10021, 1975, 250pp. tree story about George Washington, it has "I learn this event with great affiiction been virtually impossible to regard our altho' his advanced age had given reaso~ Founding Fathers as normal, fallible human to apprehend it. An intimacy of forty years beings. And this distorted image of them has has proven to me his great worth, and a not only created a gross historical fallacy, friendship which had begun in personal ac­ MORAL LEGACY OF THE FOUNDING but it has also rendered it utterly impossible quaint ance, was maintained after separa­ FATHERS to deal with our past in terms of the realities tion, without abatement by a constant in­ that existed at the time. terchange of letters. His esteem too in this To put it another way, our romanticizing country was very general; his early and HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON about the history of the late 18th century zealous cooperation in the establishment of OF :MASSACHUSETTS has prevented our recognizing the fact that our independence having acquired for him a the Founding Fathers made serious mistakes great degree of favor." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that have greatly affected the course of our On the same day Jefferson wrote to his Friday, July 11, 1975 national history from that time to the friend Thomas Appleton, who had informed present. him of Mazzei's death: Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, re­ In 1974 we observed the bicentennial of "He [Mazzei] had some peculiarities, and cently an article by John Hope Franklin, the first Continental Congress, called to pro­ who of us has not? But he was of solid entitled "The Moral Legacy of the test the new trade measures invoked against worth; honest, able, zealous in sound prin­ Founding Fathers," appeared in the Uni­ the colonies by Great Britain and to protest ciples moral and polltlcal, constant in versity of Chicago magazine. It seems to the political and economic measures directed friendship, and punctual in all his under­ me that as we approach the Bicentennial, particularly against the colony of Massachu-· takings. He was greatly esteemed in this setts. In a sense these measures were, in­ country, and some one has inserted in our it is 'imPortant that we not lose sight of deed, intolerable as the colonists were forced papers an account of his death, with a hand­ a crucial aspect of our history: Racial to house British soldiers stationed In their some and just eulogy of him, and a proposi­ segregation and discrimination. Mr. midst, and Quebec was given political and tion to publish his llfe in one volume. I Franklin, in a profcund way, traces this . economic prlvlleges that appeared to be have no doubt but that what he has written part of our history, and I recommend his clearly discriminatory against the thirteen of himself during the portion of the revolu­ article to my colleagues for their atten­ colonies. tionary period he has passed with us, would But were these measures imposed by the furnish some good material for our history tion. British more intolerable than those imposed of which there ls already a wonderful scar­ The text follows: or, at least, sanctioned by the colonists city. But where this undertaker of his history [From the University of Chicago magazine, against their own slaves? And yet, the colo­ is to get his materials, I know not, nor who Summer 1975] nists were outraged that the mother country he ls." THE MORAL LEGACY OF THE FOUNDING FATHERS was denying them their own freedom-the A close friend of Thomas Jefferson, John (By John Hope Franklin) freedom to conduct their trade as they Adams, Patrick Henry, James Madison, pleased. As we approach the bicentennial of the George Washington and other great men of It was not that the colonists were unaware. his century, Mazzei completely effaced him­ independence of the United States, it may of the problem of a much more basic free­ self in his efforts to promote the American not be inappropriate to take advantage of the perspective afforded by these last two dom than that for which they were fighting Cause, havin~ joined them in making the In London. First of all, they knew of the 1772 history of the United States. Indeed, he centuries. Such a perspeotive should enable decision of Lord Mansfield 1n the Somerset fully deserves the honor of being called one us t.o understand the distance we have case, in which slavery was outlawed in Bri­ of America's Founding Fathers. traveled and where we are today. tain on the compelling ground that human In rendering tribute to Philip Mazzei and This stock-taking, as it were, seems un­ bondage was "too odious" ln England With­ his love and devotion for his adopted coun­ usually desirable, thanks to the recent crises out specific legislation authorizing 1t. Al­ try, we remember with gratefulness the in leadership, in confidence in our polttical though the colonists did have the authori- 22460 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 11, 1975 zation to establish and maintain slavery, in bondage. So did George Washington and One may well be greatly saddened by Lord Mansfield's strictures against slavery Thomas Jefferson and George Mason and the thought that the author of the Declara­ could not have been lost on them altogether. Edmund Randolph and many others who tion of Independence and the commander of Secondly, and even more important, the signed the Declaration of Independence or the Revolutionary army and so many heroes slaves themselves were already plea.ding for the federal Constitution. They simply would of the Revolution were slaveholders. Even their own freedom even before the first Con­ not or could not see how ridiculous their more ·disheartening, if such is possible, is tinental Congress met. In the first six position was. · that those same leaders and heroes were not months of 1773 several slaves in Massachus­ And where the movement to emancipate greatly affected by the philosophy of free­ etts submitted petitions to the General Court the slaves took hold, as in New England and dom which they espoused. At least they gave "praying to be liberated from a State o:f in some of the Middle Atlantic states, slavery no evidence of having been greatly at!ected slavery." In the following year scores of other was not economically profitable anyway. by it. slaves, denying that they had ever forfeited Consequently, if the patriots in those states Nor did they show any great magnanimity the blessings of freedom by any compact or were genuinely opposed to slavery, they could of spirit, once the war was over and polit­ agreement to become slaves, asked for their afford the luxury of speaking against it. But ical independence was assured. While north­ freedom and for some land on which each of in neither of the Continental Congresses nor erners debated the questions of how and them "could sit down quietly under his own in the Declaration of Independence did the when they would free their slaves, the insti­ fig tree." The legislature of the Massachu­ Founding Fathers take an unequivocal, cate­ tution of human bondage remained as deeply setts Colony debated the subject of slavery gorical stand against slavery. Obviously, hu­ entrenched as ever-from Dela.ware to in 1774 and 1775, but voted simply that "the man bondage and human dignity were not as Georgia. The only area on which there was matter now subside." as important to them as their own political national agreement that slavery should be But the matter would neither die nor sub­ and economic independence. prohibited was the area east of the Missis­ side. As the colonists plunged into war with The Founding Fathers were not only com­ sippi River and north of the Ohio River­ Great Britain, they were faced with the prob­ pelled to live with their own inconsistency the Northwest Territory. The agreement to lem of what to do a.bout Negro slavery. The but they also had to stand convicted before prohibit slavery in that area, where it did problem presented itself in the form of ur­ the very humble group which they excluded not really exist and where relatively few gent questions. First, should they continue from their political and social fellowship. white settlers lived, posed no great problem to import slaves? In 1777 a group of Massachusetts blacks told and surely it did not reflect a ground swell This was a matter of some importance to the whites of that state that every principle for liberty. British slave trading interests who had built which impelled America to break with Eng­ Meanwhile the prohibition, it should be fortunes out of the traffic in human beings land "pleads stronger than a thousand argu­ noted, did not apply to the area south of the and to colonists who feared that new, raw ments" against slavery. In 1779 a group of Ohio River, where slaveholders were more recruits from the West Indies and Africa Connecticut slaves petitioned the state for likely to settle anyway! This clearly shows would be more of a problem than a blessing. their liberty, declaring that they "groaned" that the Founding Fathers were willing to Most of the colonies opposed any new im­ under the burdens and indignities they were "play" with the serious question of freedom, portations, and the Continental Congress required to bear. thus evincing a cynicism that was itself un­ affirmed the prohibition in April, 1776. In 1781, Paul Cuffe and his brother, two worthy of statesmanship. Secondly, should the colonists use black young enterprising blacks, asked Massachu­ Nor is one uplifted or inspired by the soldiers in their fight against Britain? Al­ setts to excuse them from the duty of paying attitude of the Founding Fathers toward the though a few were used in the early skir­ taxes, since they "had no influence in the slave trade, once their independence was mishes of the war, a pattern of exclusion of election of those who tax us." And when they secured. In the decade following independ­ blacks had developed by the time that in­ refused to pay their taxes, those who had ence the importation of slaves into the dependence was declared. In July, 1775, the shouted that England's taxation without rep­ United States actually increased over the policy had been set forth that recruiters resentation was tyranny, slapped the Cuffe previous decade as well as over the decade were not to enlist any deserter from the brothers in jail ! before the War for Independence began. Far British army, "nor any stroller, negro, or Thus, when the colonists emerged victor­ from languishing, the institution of slavery vagabond." ious from their war with England, they had was prospering and growing. In its deliber­ Then, later in the year the British wel­ both their independence and their slaves. ations between 1781 and 1789 the Congress comed all Negroes willing to join His Ma­ It seemed to matter so little to most of the of the Confederation barely touched on the jesty's troops, and promised to set them free patriots that the slaves themselves had elo­ question of slavery or the slave trade. There in return. The colonists were terrified, espe­ quently pointed out their inconsistencies or was, to be sure, some concern over the cap­ cially with the prospect of a servile insur­ that not a few of the patriots themselves saw ture of slaves; and the Congress gave some rection. And so the Contin~ntal Congress and pointed out their own fallacious position. attention to a Quaker petition against the shortly reversed its policy and grudgingly It made no difference that 5,000 blacks had trade, but it took no action. . admitted blacks into the Continental Army. joined in the fight for independence, only to On the whole the nation did not raise a The final consideration, as the colonists discover that real freedom did not apply to hand against it. The flurry of activity in the fought for their own .freedom from Britain, them. The agencies that forged a national states, which led to the prohibition of slave was what would be the effect of their revolu­ policy against England-the Continental importations in some of them and a tempo­ tionary philosophy on their own slaves. The Congresses and the government under the rary cessation of the trade in others, had the colonists argued in the Declaration of Inde­ Articles of Confederation-were incapable of effect of misleading many people into think­ pendence that they were oppressed; and they forging-or unwilling to forge-a national ing that slavery's hold on the nation was wanted their freedom. Thomas Jefferson, in policy in favor of human freedom. weakening. an early draft, went so far as to accuse the It was not a propitious way to start a new That this was far from the actual situation King of England of imposing slavery on nation, especially since its professions were became painfuly clear when the delegates them; but more "practical" heads prevailed, so different from its practices and since it gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 to write a and that provision was stricken from the presumed to be the model for other new new Constitution. In the discussion over the Declaration. world colonies that would, in time, seek their slave trade only practical and economic con­ Even so, the Declaration said "All men are independence from the tyranny of Europe. siderations held sway. Humane considera­ created equal." "Black men as well as white tions simply were not present. Maryland and men?" some wondered. Every man had an Having achieved their own independence, inalienable right to "life, liberty, and the the patriots exhibited no great anxiety to Virginia tended to oppose the slave trade pursuit of happiness." "Every black man as extend the blessings of liberty to those among simply because they were overstocked and well as every white man?" some could well them who did not enjoy it. They could not were not anxious to have any large importa­ have asked. altogether ignore the implications of the tions into their midst. South Carolina and How could the colonists make distinctions revolutionary philosophy, however. As early Georgia, where the dee.th rate in the rice as 1777 the Massachusetts legislature had swamps was high and where slaveholders in their revolutionary philosophy? They ei­ needed new recruits to develop new areas, ther meant that all men were created equal under consideration a measure to prohibit or they did not mean it at all. They either "the practice of holding persons in Slavery." demanded an open door for slave dealers. meant that every man was entitled to life, Three years later the new constitution of And who rushed to the rescue when South liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, or they that state declared that "all men are born Carolina demanded concessions on the ques­ did not mean it at all. free and equal." Some doubtless hoped that tion of the slave trade? It was Oliver Ells­ To be sure, some patriots were apparently those high sounding words would mean more worth of Connecticut, who observed that a troubled by the contraa.tcttons between their in the Constitution of Massachusetts than provision in the Constitution against the revolutionary philosophy of political freedom they had meant in the Declaration of Inde­ slave trade would be "unjust towards South and the holding of human beings in bondage. pendence. Carolina and Georgia. Let us not intermed· Abigail Adams, the wife of John Adams, ad­ Her neighbors, however, were more equivo­ die," he said. "As population increases, poor mitted that there was something strange cal, with New Hampshire, Connecticut and laborers will be so plenty as to render slaves a.bout their fighting to achieve and enjoy a. Rhode Island vacillating, for one reason or useless." It is impossible to conceive that status that they dally denied to others. Pat­ another, until another decade had passed. such temporizing on the part of a leading rick Henry, who had cried "Give me liberty Although Pennsylvania did abolish slavery colonist would have been tolerated in the or give me death," admitted that slavery was in 1780, New York and New Jersey did no late dispute with England. "repugnant to humanity;" but not terribly better than prepare the groundwork for Could the new national government that repugnant, for he continued to hold blacks gradual emancipation at a later date. was designed to be strong have anything to July 14, 1975 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 22461 apprehensive when Haiti and most of the say regarding slavery and the slave trade in be regarded as something of an anti-climax the states? Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts There was, as Roger Sherman of Connecticut other La.tin American countries sought to answered that it could not. It only had to pointed out, as much justification for the wipe out slavery the moment they received public seizure and surrendering of a slave their political independence. The consistency refrain from giving direct sanction to the of those na. ttons was a.lien to the view of the system. as there was for the seizure of a horse. Thus, Perhaps this ts the view that seemed to a slave, who was only three-fifths of a. man, United States on the same question. silence the venerable Benjamin Franklin. The was to be regarded in this connection as no That is why the United States failed to oldest and easily one of the most respected more than a horse. recognize the existence of the pioneer re­ members of the constitutional convention, And the Oonstitution required that slaves publics of Haiti and Liberia until this na­ Franklin brought with him a strong resolu­ who ran away were not to enjoy the freedom tion was in the throes of a great civil war and tion against the slave trade that had been that they had won in their own private war sought to "use" these countries for coloniz­ entrusted to him by the Pennsylvania Aboli­ for independence, but were to be returned ing some blacks. Earlier recognition would tion Society. Although he was one of the to those who claimed title to them. Conse­ have implied an equality in the human fam­ most frequent speakers at the Convention, quently, there was a remarkable distinction ily that the United States was unwilling to he never introduced the resolution. With between fighting for one's political independ­ concede. f·alnt hearts such as Gerry's and Franklin's ence, which the patriots expected to win That ls why this nat ion tolerated and, there is little wonder that South Carolina and did, and fighting for one's freedom from indeed, nutured the cultivation of a racism and Georgia were able to have their own way slavery, which these same patriots made cer­ that has been as insidious as it has been in wording the provision that declared that tain that the slaves would not win. pervasive. the slave trade could not be prohibited for At the outset it was observed that we tend Racial segregation, discrimina.tion, and another twenty years. One need only to look to shy away from making criticisms or degradation are no una.nticlpa.ted accidents at the slave importation figures between 1788 judgments of those who occupy the seats in this nation's history. They stem logioally and 1808 to appreciate how much advantage of the mighty. This is not good elther for and directly from the legacy that the Found­ was taken of this generous reprieve. ourselves or the institutions and way of life ing Fathers bestowed upon contemporary The Founding Fathers did no better when we seek to foster. If we would deal with our America. The dental of equality in the year it came to counting slaves for purposes of past in terms of the realities that existed of independence led directly to the denial of representation and taxation. Northerners, at the time, it becomes necessary for us to equality ln the era of the bicentennial of in­ who regarded slaves as property, insisted deal with our early leaders in their own dependence. The so-called compromises in that for the purpose of representation they terms, namely, as frail, fallible hmnan beings, the constitution of 1787 led directly to the could not be counted as people. Southern and-at times--utterly indifferent to the arguments in our own time that we can slaveholders, while cheerfully admitting that great causes they claimed to serve. compromise equality with impunity and slaves were property, insisted that they were We may admire them for many things: somehow use the Constitution as an instru­ also people and should be counted as such. their courage and bravery in the military ment to preserve privilege and to foster in­ It ls one of the remarkable ironies of the struggle against Britain; their imaginative equality. It has thus become easy to invoke early history of this democracy that the very creatl vl ty in forging a new instrument of the spirit of the Founding Fathers whenever men who had shouted so loudly that all men government; and their matchless servlce to we seek ideological support for the social, were created equal could not now agree on a cause that captured the imagination of political and economic inequities that have whether or not persons of Afircan descent people around the world. become a part of the American way. were men at all. It does not follow, however, that we should It would be perverse indeed to derive satis­ The irony was compounded when, in the admire them for betraying the ideals to faction from calling attention to the flaws in so-called major compromise of the Constitu­ which they gave lip service, for speaking the character and conduct of the Founding tion, the delegates a.greed that a slave was eloquently at one moment for the brother­ Fathers. And it would be irresponsible to do three-fifths of a. man, meaning the five hood of man and in the next moment deny­ so merely to indulge in whimsical iconoclasm. slaves were to be counted a.s three persons. ing it to their black brothers who fought But it would be equally irresponsible in The magic of racism can work magic with by their side in their darkest hours of peril, the era of the bicentennial of independence the human mind. One wonders whether and for degrading the human spirit by not to use the occasion to examine our past Catherine Drinker Bowen had this in mind equating five black men with three white with a view to improving the human con­ when she called her history of the Constitu­ men or equating a black man with a horse! dition. tional Convention The Miracle at Philadel­ We a.re concerned here not so much for An appropriate beginning, it would seem, phia. the harm that the Founding Fathers did would be to celebrate our origins for what If slaveholders feared possible insurrec­ to the ca.use which they claimed to serve as they were-to honor the principles of in­ tions by their slaves, they were no less for the harm that their moral legacy has dependence for which so many patriots apprehensive about the day-to-day attrition done to every generation of their progeny. fought and died. It is equally appropriate to of the institution ca.used by slaves running Having created a tragically fia.wed revolu­ be outraged over the manner in which the a.way. They wanted to be certain that the tionary doctrine and a Constitution that did principles of human freedom and human Constitution recognized slaves as property not bestow the blessings of liberty on its dignity were dented and debased by those and that it offered protection to that prop­ posterity, the Founding Fathers set the stage same patriots. Their legacy to us in this re­ erty, especially runaways. Significantly, there for every succeeding generation of Americans gard cannot, under any circumstances, be was virtually no opposition to the proposal to apologize, compromise, and temporize on cherished or celebrated. Rather, this legacy that states give up fugitive slaves to their those principles of liberty that were sup­ represents a continuing and dismaying prob­ owners. The slaveowners had already won posed to be the very foundation of our sys­ lem that requires us all to put forth as much such sweeping constttutlona.l recognition of tem of government and way of life. effort to overcome it as the Founding Fathers slavery that the fugitive slave provision may That 1s why the United States was so very did in handing it down to us.

SENATE-Monday, July 14, 1975