DOCSLIB.ORG

Ornamental Plants

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ornamental Plants Ornamental plants Gerda van Uffelen The plants depicted in the Libri Picturati together form a garden on gardens, where they grow quite well as a decoration' ('Nascuntur paper. In order to find out what the most cherished garden plants sponte in parietibus vetustis ac tectis tegulaceis: sed et transferuntur in were at the time of the production of the Libri, the collection has been hortos viridaridq.: imo et in fenestris ac hortos pensiles, vbi ad corona­ studied from different angles: the annotations on the ca. 960 sheets menta diligentissime fouentur1. No less than six forms of Brompton of the core collection, observation of the sheets with variations of stock (Matthiola incana) are depicted on A2S.oo6; they are said to known garden plants, and the later additions, of which the majority 'be grown in gardens for their beauty' ('Seruntur in hortis ad corona­ are garden plants. menta1. Of the forms of Dame's violet (Hesperis matronalis, A2S.007) is noted that they are 'grown everywhere in gardens, as adornment' Annotations ('Seruntur passim in hortis, ad coronamenta'). Of Honesty (Lunaria On more than 200 sheets plants are mentioned as growing in gardens. annua, A2S.oo8)A2S.oo8) is only noted that it grows in gardens. Many of them are food plants: crops, vegetables and fruits, and The pink family (CaryophyJlaceae) also contains some popular six­ treated in the separate chapter on this subject. Others are herbs and teenth-century garden plants. Of this family, some members were medicinal or technical plants, and as such treated in the chapters grown in pots ('in figlinis1. This annotation is found on three sheets devoted to these useful plants - although many of them may also in the Libri Picturati, one of them Sweet basil (see the chapter on have been grown for their beauty. medical and other useful plants), implicating that sixteenth-century Some ofthe plants grew spontaneously in gardens, and obviously plant lovers were certainly as much captivated by sweet-smelling were not welcome: the weeds, such as Goutweed (Aegopodium plants as many of today's gardeners. Various cultivars of Clove pink podagraria, A18.036): 'Nascitur plerumq. sponte in hortis et viridarijs, (Dianthus caryophyJlus, A25.010,A2S.010, Plate ,) 'grow well in the garden, but vbi sese ad molestiam vsq. latissime propagat' ('usually grows sponta­ also thrive in pots, which may even be taken into the dining room' neously in gardens and parks, where it is a pest, as it spreads widely'). ('Seruntur studiose in hortis,fouenturq. in figlinis, quibus in ipsa etiam Other plants were more difficult to grow, and sometimes instructions triclinia transferuntur} Two species of Pink (Petrorhagia prolifera and were given as to soil, light, or time of sowing, for example with the Dianthus d. sylvestris, A2S.015V)A2S.01SV) are said to 'grow in gardens and pots' Common fig (Ficus carica, A2o.091):A2o.091): 'Locis calidis et insolatis delectatur: ('seruntur in hortis et figlinis1. Other members of this family, Rose seritur item in hortis et vinetis' ('it prefers warm and sunny places; campion (Lychnis or Silene coronaria) and Corn cockle (Agrostemma it grows in gardens and vineyards'). githago) are depicted on A2S.020A2S.020 - of the Rose campion, both the Those garden plants without any obvious technical, medical, or culinary pink and the white form are depicted and noted to be a garden plant use were either grown because of their looks, or out of curiosity. ('ad coronamenta1; with the Corn cockle, a cornfield weed with possibly The first reason - because of their beauty - is indicated by the poisonous seeds, is noted that it is depicted because the flowers annotation 'ad coronamentam' ('as adornment') are so much alike ('GITHAGINIS HOS, ob sim litudinem quam cum Violets and pansies are depicted on several sheets in volume A25A2S Iychnidum flo rib. habet hic appictus1. Several other members of this (1-3) and on A21.o83. On sheet A25.001,A2S.001, (Fig.(Fig. ,) the Sweet violet (Viola family are depicted in the same volume of the Libri, such as Sweet odorata) and three cultivars are depicted. The annotations tell us Willam (Dianthus barbatus, A2S.009V, 13'3 & 14)'4) and several species of that these four plants are grown for their beauty in gardens, but Campion (Silene). that the fifth, the Teesdale violet (Viola d. rupestris) does not smell The buttercup family or Ranunculaceae also counts many garden plants (implicating that the others do have a sweet smell), and only grows among its members. One example is Columbine (Aquilegia vulgaris), on the borders of poor fields ('Prim~ quatuor [... J seruntur in hortis of which many forms are depicted on A25.028-30VA2S.028-30V and A21.0S3.A21 .0S3. ad corona menta. Vltima vera exilis et inodora, nascitur in macrorum The annotations on A25.029A2S.029 tell us that they 'grow everywhere in et sterilium agrorum marginibus1. Sheet A2s.oo2A2S.002 shows three colour the wild' ('Proueniunt alicubi sponte1. but 'in our regions they are forms of the Wild pansy (Viola tricolor) and a plant of the Field pansy often grown for their beauty' ('Apud nos vera in hortis tantummodo ad (Viola arvensis), both of which are said to be grown in gardens 'ad corona menta coluntur1 corona menta'. In two more cases it is expressly noted that a plant is grown for its The cabbage family (Brassicaceae or Cruciferae) apparently contains beauty: with a plumose form of Cockscomb (Celosia argentea 'Plumosa', many old-fashioned garden plants that would now be called a A25.o6o)A2S.o6o) and with Pheasant's eye (Narcissus poeticus, A30.040). cottage plant in gardeners' circles. Of the Wallflower (Erysimum In two cases, plants are indicated as elegant: of Jacob's ladder cheiri, A2SA2S.00S),.00S), the single and a double-flowered form are depicted: (Polemonium coeruleum, A21.093) it is noted that 'it grows in our 'they grow spontaneously on old walls and tiled roofs, but they garden, due to the elegant flowers that it offers in the months of June are taken to gardens and parks, even to window sills and hanging and July' ('Seritur nobis in hortis,flosculorum quos mense luniofunio lulioq.fulioq. elegantes profert, gratia} Bats-in-the-belfry (Campanula trachelium, A25.037)A2S.037) is said to 'occur here and there in dry fields, but that it is Plate 1 (A2S.01O)(A2S.OlO) Clove pink (Dianthus caryophyllus),caryophyflusJ, in several also taken into the garden because of its elegant flowers' ('Prouenit shades of pink alicubi sponte in pratis aridioribus: sed ob florum elegantiam in hortos 135'35 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Foliar Anatomy of the Genus Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) at Sectional Level in Iran
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijb.2016.107954 FOLIAR ANATOMY OF THE GENUS SILENE L. (CARYOPHYLLACEAE) AT SECTIONAL LEVEL IN IRAN M. Nejati Edalatian, F. Ghahremaninejad & F. Attar Received 2015. 06. 08; accepted for publication 2016. 11. 02 Nejati Edalatian, M., Ghahremaninejad, F. & Attar, F. 2016. 12. 30: Foliar anatomy of the genus Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) at sectional level in Iran. -Iran. J. Bot. 22 (2): 138-158. Tehran. In this research, Iranian species of 20 sections of the genus Silene L. have been anatomically studied for the first time. Some of the most important anatomical characters of leaf in this genus are listed here: general shape of leaves in transverse section, type of stomata cells, form of trichome, type of mesophyll (dorsiventral or isobilateral), presence or absence and type of collenchyma, thickness of sclerenchyma, existence or lack of water-storage, shape of vascular bundles, number of parenchyma layers in midrib, form and number of spongy and palisade parenchyma, presence or absence of parenchyma bundle sheath, number of vascular bundles in midrib. Based on our results we are able to identify and classify sections of this genus (tables 2, 3). In addition, we selected the most important characters related to midrib and lamina. All of these results confirm anatomical characters have taxonomic value for separating sections in the genus Silene. Maliheh Nejati Edalatian & Farrokh Ghahremaninejad (correspondence<[email protected]>) Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, 43 Dr. Mofatteh Avenue, Postal code 15719-14911, Tehran, Iran. -Farideh Attar, Tehran University, College of Sciences, School of Biology, Department of Botany, Central Herbarium, Tehran, Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Identification Works and Difficult and Under-Recorded Taxa
    Notes on identification works and difficult and under-recorded taxa P.A. Stroh, D.A. Pearman, F.J. Rumsey & K.J. Walker Contents Introduction 2 Identification works 3 Recording species, subspecies and hybrids for Atlas 2020 6 Notes on individual taxa 7 List of taxa 7 Widespread but under-recorded hybrids 31 Summary of recent name changes 33 Definition of Aggregates 39 1 Introduction The first edition of this guide (Preston, 1997) was based around the then newly published second edition of Stace (1997). Since then, a third edition (Stace, 2010) has been issued containing numerous taxonomic and nomenclatural changes as well as additions and exclusions to taxa listed in the second edition. Consequently, although the objective of this revised guide hast altered and much of the original text has been retained with only minor amendments, many new taxa have been included and there have been substantial alterations to the references listed. We are grateful to A.O. Chater and C.D. Preston for their comments on an earlier draft of these notes, and to the Biological Records Centre at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology for organising and funding the printing of this booklet. PAS, DAP, FJR, KJW June 2015 Suggested citation: Stroh, P.A., Pearman, D.P., Rumsey, F.J & Walker, K.J. 2015. Notes on identification works and some difficult and under-recorded taxa. Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, Bristol. Front cover: Euphrasia pseudokerneri © F.J. Rumsey. 2 Identification works The standard flora for the Atlas 2020 project is edition 3 of C.A. Stace's New Flora of the British Isles (Cambridge University Press, 2010), from now on simply referred to in this guide as Stae; all recorders are urged to obtain a copy of this, although we suspect that many will already have a well-thumbed volume.
    [Show full text]
  • ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 7Th Edition
    ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names th 7 Edition ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori Published by All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be The Internation Seed Testing Association (ISTA) reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted Zürichstr. 50, CH-8303 Bassersdorf, Switzerland in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior ©2020 International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) permission in writing from ISTA. ISBN 978-3-906549-77-4 ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 1st Edition 1966 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Prof P. A. Linehan 2nd Edition 1983 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. H. Pirson 3rd Edition 1988 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. W. A. Brandenburg 4th Edition 2001 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 5th Edition 2007 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 6th Edition 2013 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 7th Edition 2019 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori 2 7th Edition ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names Content Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Symbols and Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Master Species List for Temple Ambler Field Station
    Temple Ambler Field Station master species' list Figure 1. Animal groups identified to date through our citizen science initiatives at Temple Ambler Field Station. Values represent unique taxa identified in the field to the lowest taxonomic level possible. These data were collected by field citizen scientists during events on campus or were recorded in public databases (iNaturalist and eBird). Want to become a Citizen Science Owlet too? Check out our Citizen Science webpage. Any questions, issues or concerns regarding these data, please contact us at [email protected] (fieldstation[at}temple[dot]edu) Temple Ambler Field Station master species' list Figure 2. Plant diversity identified to date in the natural environments and designed gardens of the Temple Ambler Field Station and Ambler Arboretum. These values represent unique taxa identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible. Highlighted are 14 of the 116 flowering plant families present that include 524 taxonomic groups. A full list can be found in our species database. Cultivated specimens in our Greenhouse were not included here. Any questions, issues or concerns regarding these data, please contact us at [email protected] (fieldstation[at}temple[dot]edu) Temple Ambler Field Station master species' list database_title Temple Ambler Field Station master species' list last_update 22October2020 description This database includes all species identified to their lowest taxonomic level possible in the natural environments and designed gardens on the Temple Ambler campus. These are occurrence records and each taxa is only entered once. This is an occurrence record, not an abundance record. IDs were performed by senior scientists and specialists, as well as citizen scientists visiting campus.
    [Show full text]
  • Floristic Quality Assessment and Monitoring of Brown Bridge Quiet Area Wetlands
    Floristic Quality Assessment and Monitoring of Brown Bridge Quiet Area Wetlands Prepared by: Phyllis J. Higman Michigan Natural Features Inventory P.O. Box 13036 Lansing, MI 48901-3036 For: Grand Traverse Conservation District 1450 Cass Road, Traverse City, Michigan, 49685 October 30, 2013 Report Number 2013-17 Acknowledgements This work was made possible by a Great Hyde assisted with early surveys and delivery of Lake Restoration Initiative grant through the a workshop for local stewards. Brian Klatt and Environmental Protection Agency, awarded to Glenn Palmgren provided valuable guidance on the Grand Traverse Conservation District in sampling strategies and Reb Ratliff provided Traverse City, Michigan. Many thanks to Robin enthusiastic energy to kick off the field sampling Christensen for writing the grant and for inviting and assemble necessary field gear. Thanks to us to do this work. Suzan Campbell and Daria you all. Cover photos by Phyllis J. Higman, 2012- 2013. Clockwise from left to right: Brown Bridge Pond, Brown Bridge Dam, The Boardman River Coursing through the Brown Bridge Quiet Area after Dam Removal, and Newly Exposed Bottomlands at Brown Bridge Quiet Area after Dam Removal. Copyright 2013 Michigan State University Board of Trustees. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status, or family status. Table of Contents Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Guidebook to Invasive Nonnative Plants of the Elwha Watershed Restoration
    Guidebook to Invasive Nonnative Plants of the Elwha Watershed Restoration Olympic National Park, Washington Cynthia Lee Riskin A project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Horticulture University of Washington 2013 Committee: Linda Chalker-Scott Kern Ewing Sarah Reichard Joshua Chenoweth Program Authorized to Offer Degree: School of Environmental and Forest Sciences Guidebook to Invasive Nonnative Plants of the Elwha Watershed Restoration Olympic National Park, Washington Cynthia Lee Riskin Master of Environmental Horticulture candidate School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington, Seattle September 3, 2013 Contents Figures ................................................................................................................................................................. ii Tables ................................................................................................................................................................. vi Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... vii Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Bromus tectorum L. (BROTEC) ..................................................................................................................... 19 Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (CIRARV)
    [Show full text]
  • Designed Plant Communities for Challenging Urban Environments in Southern Finland - Based on the German Mixed Planting System Sara Seppänen
    Designed plant communities for challenging urban environments in southern Finland - based on the German mixed planting system Sara Seppänen Independent Project • 30 credits Landscape Architecture – Master´s Programme Alnarp 2019 Designed plant communities for challenging urban environments in southern Finland - based on the German mixed planting system Sara Seppänen Supervisor: Karin Svensson, SLU, Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management Examiner: Jitka Svensson, SLU, Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management Co-examiner: Anders Westin, SLU, Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management Credits: 30 Project Level: A2E Course title: Independent Project in Landscape Architecture Course code: EX0852 Programme: Landscape Architecture – Master´s Programme Place of publication: Alnarp Year of publication: 2019 Cover art: Sara Seppänen Online publication: http://stud.epsilon.slu.se Keywords: designed plant community, ecological planting, dynamic planting, naturalistic planting, mixed planting system, planting design, urban habitats SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Horticulture and Crop Production Science Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management Abstract Traditional perennial borders require a lot of maintenance and climate to get an understanding of what is required of a plant to are therefore not so common in public areas in Finland. There is survive in these conditions. a need for low-maintenance perennial plantings that can tolerate The thesis looks into the difference between traditional the dry conditions in urban areas. Especially areas close to horticultural perennial plantings and designed plant communities, traffic, such as the middle of roundabouts and traffic islands need such as the German mixed plantings. easily manageable vegetation and they are therefore normally covered in grass or mass plantings of shrubs.
    [Show full text]
  • Rose Campion, Lychnis Coronaria
    A Horticulture Information article from the Wisconsin Master Gardener website, posted 15 June 2009 Rose Campion, Lychnis coronaria Rose campion is one of about 20 species of perennials and biennials in the genus Lychnis. This group in the pink fam- ily (Caryophyllaceae) is closely related to – and is sometimes included in – the genus Silene. The genus Lychnis, from the northern temperate zone, is quite variable, but all species have vividly-colored fl owers. The genus name, used by Theo- phrastus from the Greek work lychnos which means “lamp”, is thought to refer to the use of the woolly leaves as lamp wicks in ancient times. The common name of rose campion suppos- edly comes from the use of its fl owers to make garlands for athletic champions. L. cornonaria (also known by the synonyms Agrostemma coro- naria, Coronaria coriacea and Silene coronaria) has small but showy, deep pink to fuchsia to magenta or white blossoms. It is a short-lived perennial or biennial from southeastern Europe Magenta and white-fl owered rose campion, hardy in zones 4-10. Most plants do not survive harsh winters Lychnis coronaria. after fl owering, but it does readily self seed to perpetuate a planting. Despite its short life span, rose campion is certainly worth growing. Sometimes called Dusty Miller for the soft, silvery-gray, velvet-like foliage (one of several completely different plants known by this common name), it forms Verbascum-like rosettes of leaves the fi rst year and spreading mounds 2-3 feet tall in subsequent years. The greenish-grey-white stems and leaves are densely covered with silver-grey hairs, giving a fuzzy appearance.
    [Show full text]
  • A Diachronic Analysis from Sillian (Eastern Tyrol, Austria) Brigitte Vogl-Lukasser and Christian R
    Vogl-Lukasser and Vogl Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2018) 14:63 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-018-0262-3 RESEARCH Open Access The changing face of farmers’ home gardens: a diachronic analysis from Sillian (Eastern Tyrol, Austria) Brigitte Vogl-Lukasser and Christian R. Vogl* Abstract Background: Home gardens are an integral part of many traditional land use systems around the world. They are subject to various conversion processes and undergo a variety of changes. We were interested if change is an ongoing process in farmers’ home gardens of Eastern Tyrol (Austria). Methods: In Sillian, 16 farmers’ home gardens (FHGs) were studied. They had been studied in 1998 and were revisited in 2013 including again a botanical inventory of cultivated and non-cultivated plants, and structured interviews on appearance, management and plant use. In 2017, all the 16 gardens were visited again to verify whether any visible change on spatial configuration had occurred. Results: The home garden size had decreased between 1998 and 2013. A wider range of sizes was observed. The occurrence of plant taxa per garden was the same but an increase in the standard deviation of occurrence is seen. Plant diversity (occ./m2) increased between 1998 and 2013. Seventy-nine plant taxa were no longer cultivated in 2013, but 95 new plant taxa were being cultivated. The correlation between garden size and occurrence was not significant, i.e. small gardens might host many different plant taxa or large gardens might have fewer plant taxa. The occurrence for certain use categories was not significantly different between the years, except for the increase in the occurrence of plant taxa used as food and the food subcategory spice.
    [Show full text]
  • Silene Coronaria (L.) JP De Clairville Rose Campion
    Silene coronaria (L.) J.P. de Clairville Rose Campion (Agrostemma coronaria, Coronaria coronaria, Lychnis coronaria) • Rose Campion, also known as Bloody William, Crown Pink, Dusty Miller, or Mullein Pink, is an old- fashioned flower enjoying a bit of a comeback in American gardens; this member of the Caryophyllaceae is a weak USDA hardiness zones 4 (3) to 8 perennial which is frequently used as a biennial, transition season annual or early summer annual in various portions of our region; the light whitish green to silver gray pubescent leaves and stems contrast with the rose magenta flowers of the species type, creating a very striking focal point; individual plants tend to be a bit lanky and gangly, but blend together to create an upright mass when grown in groupings; the erect plants are typically 18 to 24 tall, but can be up to 36 on favorable sites; basal leaves have petioles, are larger, 3 to 5 long, and grow more densely, whereas leaves on flowering stalks are in obvious pairs, much smaller, sessile and more widely spaced; individual flowers are borne terminally and are about 1 across, resembling a small Dianthus chinensis flower with fuzzy whitish bracts; white or pink flowering cultivars are sometimes encountered, but these flowers do not contrast with the foliage as well as the rose magenta or nearly red selections; likewise the selections with more silvery foliage are generally preferable to the more green foliaged strains. • Silene coronaria is a European and Middle Eastern native which has naturalized in many locations around the world and locally throughout the USA; it is even sometimes included in wildflower mixes; easily grown in most any moist well drained soil; Rose Campion is sometimes touted as drought tolerant, but is not really the case in our region where its main issues are with summer heat and drought; thus, S.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Analysis of the Alien Vascular Flora of Sardinia and Corsica
    Available online: www.notulaebotanicae.ro Print ISSN 0255 -965X; Electronic 1842 -4309 Not Bot Horti Agrobo, 2016, 44(2):337 -346 . DOI:10.15835/nbha442 10491 Original Article Comparative Analysis of the Alien Vascular Flora of Sardinia and Corsica Selena PUDDU 1, Lina PODDA 1*, Olga MAYORAL 2, Alain DELAGE 3, Laetitia HUGOT 3, Yohan PETIT 3, Gianluigi BACCHETTA 1,4 1Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambien te, v.le S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; [email protected] ; [email protected] (*corresponding author) 2Universitat de València, Dpto. Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales y Sociales. Facultat de Magisteri, Avinguda dels Tarongers, 4, 46022; Jardí Botànic de la Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; [email protected] 3Conservatoire Botanique National de Corse, 14 Avenue Jean Nicoli, 20250 Corte, France; [email protected] ; [email protected] ; [email protected] 4Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus (HBK), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 9-11 09123 Cagliari, Italy; [email protected] Abstract This article provides a comparison of the vascular alien flora of Sardinia (Italy) and that of Corsica (France), both territories belonging to the Western Mediterranean biogeographic subregion. The study has recorded 598 (90 doubtful) alien taxa in Sardinia (18% of the total flora) while 553 (87 doubtful) in Corsica (17%); six are new report to Sardinia and 27 to Corsica. A total of 234 taxa are common to both islands. Neophytes are 344 taxa (68% of the total) in Sardinia and 399 taxa (73%) in Corsica.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of Çaltepe and Çeletepe (Bolu)
    Available online: January 13, 2020 Commun.Fac.Sci.Univ.Ank.Series C Volume 29, Number 1, Pages 1-49 (2020) ISSN 1303-6025 E-ISSN 2651-3749 https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/communc/issue/51836/619430 FLORA OF ÇALTEPE AND ÇELETEPE (BOLU) AYDIN ÇELİK, İSMAİL EKER ABSTRACT. This study was carried out to reveal the vascular plant diversity of Çaltepe and Çeletepe. During 2015−2018, 2340 plant specimens were collected from the research area and 363 genera and 767 taxa belonging to 81 families were determined. Of all the collected taxa, 66 are endemic and endemism rate is %8.60. The IUCN threat categories of endemic and rare plants at global level are as follows: 1 taxon in “CR” category, as well as 4 taxa “EN”, 4 taxa “VU”, 9 taxa “NT”, and 45 taxa “LC”. Also, 3 rare taxa are found in the “VU” category, as well as 1 rare taxon in the “DD” category at regional level. 56 taxa are new records for the province of Bolu. The largest families in the study area are as follows: Asteraceae 97 taxa (%12.65), Fabaceae 62 taxa (%8.08), Lamiaceae 51 taxa (%6.65), Rosaceae 44 taxa (%5.74), Poaceae 37 taxa (%4.82), Brassicaceae 35 taxa (%4.56), Caryophyllaceae 32 taxa (%4.17), Apiaceae 28 taxa (%3.65), Boraginaceae 27 taxa (%3.52) and Orchidaceae 24 taxa (%3.13). The distribution of taxa into phytogeographic regions are as follows: 234 taxa (%30.50) Euro-Siberian, 64 taxa (%8.34) Mediterranean, 46 taxa (%5.99) Irano-Turanian, and 423 taxa (%55.15) multiregional and/or unknown.
    [Show full text]