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T.C. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Orman Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dali

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T.C. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Orman Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dali T.C. KASTAMONU ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ ORMAN MÜHENDİSLİĞİ ANA BİLİM DALI YENİCE YABAN HAYATI GELİŞTİRME SAHASI’NIN BİTKİ SOSYOLOJİSİ YÖNÜNDEN ARAŞTIRILMASI AYŞE ÖZTÜRK DOKTORA TEZİ DANIŞMAN Dr. Öğr. Üyesi KERİM GÜNEY KASTAMONU 2018 T.C. KASTAMONU ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ YENİCE YABAN HAYATI GELİŞTİRME SAHASI’NIN BİTKİ SOSYOLOJİSİ YÖNÜNDEN ARAŞTIRILMASI Ayşe ÖZTÜRK Danışman Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Kerim GÜNEY Jüri Üyesi Prof. Dr. Fatmagül GEVEN Jüri Üyesi Prof. Dr. Sibel ATASAĞUN Jüri Üyesi Doç. Dr. Barış BANİ Jüri Üyesi Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Nurcan YİĞİT DOKTORA TEZİ ORMAN MÜHENDİSLİĞİ ANA BİLİM DALI KASTAMONU – 2018 ÖZET Doktora Tezi YENİCE YABAN HAYATI GELİŞTİRME SAHASI’NIN BİTKİ SOSYOLOJİSİ YÖNÜNDEN ARAŞTIRILMASI Ayşe ÖZTÜRK Kastamonu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Orman Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı Danışman: Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Kerim GÜNEY Araştırma alanı, coğrafi açıdan Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde, Karabük ili sınırları içerisinde Karabük’ün en batıdaki ilçesi konumunda olan Yenice’de bulunan Yenice Yaban Hayatı Geliştirme Sahası’dır. Yenice YHGS, biyocoğrafik açıdan Avrupa Sibirya Fitocoğrafik Bölgesi’nin Öksin (Euxine) provensinin batı sektörü içerisinde yer almaktadır. Çalışma alanının bulunduğu iklim Sub-Akdeniz’li olarak belirlenmiş olup Karadeniz öncesi bölge ile Asıl Karadeniz bölgesi arasında bir geçiş bölgesi olarak tanımlanabilir. Yenice YHGS’nda 445 takson tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma alanı biyocoğrafik konumu itibariyle orman, pseudomaki ve akarsu ekosistemi gibi çok sayıda ekosistemi içinde barındırmakla birlikte hakim vejetasyon tipi orman formasyonudur. Braun-Blanquet metoduna göre orman vejetasyonuna ait toplamda 4 bitki birliği tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen birliklerden Corno mas-Quercetum ibericae ass. nova bilim dünyası için yenidir. Sintaksonlar ve bağlı oldukları sosyolojik birimler şu şekildedir: Sınıf : Querco-Fagetea (Br.-Bl and Vlieger 1937) Fuk. and Fab. 1968. Ordo: Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawlowski 1928. Alyans: Fagion orientale Quezel et al. 1980 Birlik: Rhododendro-Fagetum orientalis Kutbay and Kilinc 1995. Alyans: Fagion sylvaticae Quézel, Barbéro and Akman 1980. Birlik: Saniculo-Abietetum bornmuellerianae Ozen and Kilinc 1995. Ordo: Rhododendro pontici-Fagetalia orientalis Quézel, Barbéro and Akman 1980. Alyans: Crataego pentagynae-Fagion orientalis Quézel, Barbéro and Akman 1980. Birlik: Corno mas-Quercetum ibericae ass. nova Sınıf: Quercetea-Pubescentis (Oberd. 1948, Doing-Kraft 1955) Scamoni and Passarge 1959. Ordo: Querco-Carpinetalia orientalis Quézel, Barbéro and Akman 1980. Alyans: Carpino-Acerion Quézel, Barbéro and Akman 1978. Birlik: Lathyro tukhtensis-Pinetum pallasianae Yıldırım and Kılınç 2011. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bitki sosyolojisi, sintaksonomi, vejetasyon, Yenice, Karabük 2018, Sayfa 156 Bilim Kodu: 1205 iv ABSTRACT Ph.D. Thesis A PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON THE YENİCE WILDLIFE DEVELOPMENT AREA (KARABÜK) Ayşe ÖZTÜRK Kastamonu University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Forest Engineering Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Kerim GÜNEY Abstract: The research area is Yenice Wildlife Development Area in Yenice, which is located in the western Black Sea region in the geographical direction and in the westernmost province of Karabük within the Karabük border. Yenice YHGS is in the western sector of the Euxine province of the European Siberian Phytogeographical Region in biogeographical terms. The climate in which the study area is located is defined as Sub-Mediterranean and can be defined as a transition zone between the pre- Black Sea region and the main Black Sea region. There were 445 taxa in Yenice YHGS. The research area is predominantly vegetation type forest formation with its biogeographical location, which includes numerous ecosystems such as forest, pseudomaki and river ecosystem. According to the Braun- Blanquet method, a total of 4 plant associations belonging to forest vegetation were identified. Corno mas-Quercetum ibericae ass. nova is new to the science world. The Syntaxa and their sociological units are as follows: Class : Querco-Fagetea (Br.-Bl and Vlieger 1937) Fuk. and Fab. 1968. Order: Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawlowski 1928. Alliance: Fagion orientale Quezel et al. 1980 Association: Rhododendro-Fagetum orientalis Kutbay and Kilinc 1995. Alliance: Fagion sylvaticae Quézel, Barbéro and Akman 1980. Association: Saniculo-Abietetum bornmuellerianae Ozen and Kilinc 1995. Order: Rhododendro pontici-Fagetalia orientalis Quézel, Barbéro and Akman 1980. Alliance: Crataego pentagynae-Fagion orientalis Quézel, Barbéro and Akman 1980. Association: Corno mas-Quercetum ibericae ass. nova Class: Quercetea-Pubescentis (Oberd. 1948, Doing- Kraft 1955) Scamoni and Passarge 1959. Order: Querco-Carpinetalia orientalis Quézel, Barbéro and Akman 1980. Alliance: Carpino-Acerion Quézel, Barbéro and Akman 1978. Association: Lathyro tukhtensis-Pinetum pallasianae Yıldırım and Kılınç 2011. Key Words: Plant Sociology, syntaxonomy, vegetation, Yenice, Karabük 2018, pages 156 Science Code: 1205 v TEŞEKKÜR Doktora eğitimim süresince, araştırma alanının seçimi, çalışmanın planlanması ve yürütülmesinde bilgi, tecrübe ve yardımlarıyla yanımda olan, ilgisini ve emeğini esirgemeyen çok değerli danışman hocam Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Kerim GÜNEY’e hoşgörüsü ve sabrından dolayı sonsuz teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Bilgi ve deneyimleriyle beni yönlendiren ve yardımcı olan sayın hocam Prof. Dr. Fatmagül GEVEN’ e yardımları ve desteğinden dolayı ayrıca teşekkürü borç bilirim. Tür teşhislerinde ve birçok konuda yardım eden ve emeği geçen sayın hocalarım Doç. Dr. Barış BANİ, Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Nurcan YİĞİT ve Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Miraç AYDIN’a bilgi birikimi ile yardımlarını esirgemeyen sayın Dr. Münevver ARSLAN’a, sevgili arkadaşlarım Behlül GÜLER ve Nagihan SEKİ’ye, çalışmalarım boyunca ihtiyacım olan her konuda desteğini ve yardımını eksik etmeyen, bana her zaman yardımcı olan kuzenim Merve ÖZTÜRK’e, tezin yazım aşamasında akademik bilgisi ve manevi desteğiyle hep yanımda olan değerli çalışma arkadaşım Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Seda ERKAN BUĞDAY’a ayrı ayrı teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Değerli zamanlarını ayırıp arazi çalışmalarıma eşlik eden ve her türlü yardım ve desteğini gördüğüm Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı 10. Bölge Müdürlüğü Yenice DKMP Şefi İsmail SEVİMLER’e, Bartın İli Şube Müdürlüğü Şube Müdürü Ali BOZKURT’a, 10. Bölge Müdürlüğü personeline ve Orm. Yüksek Mühendisi Erkan BABAT’a teşekkür etmeyi bir borç bilirim. Ayrıca bugüne kadar hayatımın her aşamasında maddi ve manevi destekleriyle yanımda olan annem Güner ÖZTÜRK’e, babam Necmi ÖZTÜRK’e ve ablam Fatma ÖZTÜRK ÖRNEK’e en içten teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Ayşe ÖZTÜRK Kastamonu, Ekim 2018 vi İÇİNDEKİLER Sayfa ÖZET........................................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. v TEŞEKKÜR ................................................................................................................ vi İÇİNDEKİLER .......................................................................................................... vii SİMGELER ve KISALTMALAR DİZİNİ ................................................................. ix ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ ..................................................................................................... xi TABLOLAR DİZİNİ ................................................................................................. xii GRAFİKLER DİZİNİ ............................................................................................... xiii FOTOĞRAFLAR DİZİNİ ........................................................................................ xiv HARİTALAR DİZİNİ ............................................................................................... xv GİRİŞ ....................................................................................................................... 1 MATERYAL VE YÖNTEM ................................................................................. 20 2.1. Araştırma Alanının Tanımı ............................................................................ 22 2.1.1. Araştırma Alanının Coğrafik Durumu .................................................... 22 2.1.2. Jeolojik ve Topoğrafik Durum................................................................ 24 2.1.3. Toprak ..................................................................................................... 35 2.1.4. İklim ........................................................................................................ 37 Yağışlar ........................................................................................... 38 Mevsimlik yağışlar.......................................................................... 38 Nispi nem ve rüzgâr ........................................................................ 39 Sıcaklıklar ....................................................................................... 40 2.1.5. Biyoiklimsel Sentez ................................................................................ 41 BULGULAR .......................................................................................................... 44 3.1. Flora ................................................................................................................ 44 3.1.1. Araştırma Alanının Fitocoğrafik Özellikleri .......................................... 44 3.1.2. Araştırma Alanının Florası ....................................................................
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