DOCSLIB.ORG

Guidebook to Invasive Nonnative Plants of the Elwha Watershed Restoration

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Guidebook to Invasive Nonnative Plants of the Elwha Watershed Restoration Guidebook to Invasive Nonnative Plants of the Elwha Watershed Restoration Olympic National Park, Washington Cynthia Lee Riskin A project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Horticulture University of Washington 2013 Committee: Linda Chalker-Scott Kern Ewing Sarah Reichard Joshua Chenoweth Program Authorized to Offer Degree: School of Environmental and Forest Sciences Guidebook to Invasive Nonnative Plants of the Elwha Watershed Restoration Olympic National Park, Washington Cynthia Lee Riskin Master of Environmental Horticulture candidate School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington, Seattle September 3, 2013 Contents Figures ................................................................................................................................................................. ii Tables ................................................................................................................................................................. vi Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... vii Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Bromus tectorum L. (BROTEC) ..................................................................................................................... 19 Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (CIRARV) .......................................................................................................... 35 Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link (CYTSCO) ......................................................................................................... 45 Digitalis purpurea L. (DIGPUR) .................................................................................................................... 55 Geranium robertianum L. (GERROB) .......................................................................................................... 63 Hedera helix L. ssp. helix (Stace 1997) (HEDHEL) .................................................................................... 73 Hedera helix L. ssp. hibernica (Stace 1997) (HEDHIB) ............................................................................ 73 Ilex aquifolium L. (ILEAQU) .......................................................................................................................... 84 Lathyrus latifolius L. (LATLAT) .................................................................................................................... 95 Lathyrus sylvestris L. (LATSYL) ................................................................................................................... 95 Phalaris arundinacea L. (PHAARU) .......................................................................................................... 104 Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. (POLCUS) .................................................................................... 117 Polygonum sachalinense (POLSAC) .......................................................................................................... 117 Polygonum xbohemicum (POLBOH) .......................................................................................................... 117 Potentilla recta L. (POTREC) ....................................................................................................................... 129 Rubus armeniacus Vest. (RUBARM) ......................................................................................................... 139 Rubus laciniatus Willd. (RUBLAC) ............................................................................................................. 139 Senecio jacobaea L. (SENJAC) .................................................................................................................... 151 Glossary ......................................................................................................................................................... 165 Appendix: Nonnative Species Present as of 2011 in the Elwha Watershed .................................... 175 i Guidebook to Invasive Nonnative Plants of the Elwha Watershed Restoration Figures Figure 1: Lake Aldwell before Elwha Dam removal ................................................................................... 2 Figure 2: At the border of Olympic National Park, near Madison Falls, Elwha River ......................... 3 Figure 3: A female Chinook salmon excavates a nest in the Elwha River ............................................ 4 Figure 4: Former Lake Aldwell, October 22, 2012 .................................................................................. 10 Figure 5: Drained Lake Aldwell—a difficult place to grow plants ....................................................... 12 Figure 6: B. tectorum infestation ................................................................................................................ 20 Figure 7: B. tectorum seeds showing long, straight awns ..................................................................... 21 Figure 8: B. tectorum lemma, awn .............................................................................................................. 21 Figure 9: Ligule fringed, sheath closed only at bottom ......................................................................... 22 Figure 10: B. tectorum roots ........................................................................................................................ 25 Figure 11: Plant turns purple at maturity................................................................................................. 27 Figure 12: C. arvense ..................................................................................................................................... 35 Figure 13: Hairless stems lack wings ......................................................................................................... 36 Figure 14: Rosette (juvenile) stage ............................................................................................................. 36 Figure 15: First true leaves .......................................................................................................................... 38 Figure 16: Leaves are densely white-hairy beneath ................................................................................ 38 Figure 17: Fluffy white pappi help disperse seed in wind .................................................................... 39 Figure 18: Highway crews have planted C. scoparius to control erosion .......................................... 45 Figure 19: Year-round green stems makes C. scoparius look green overall when not in bloom .. 46 Figure 20: Bilabiate--two-lipped flower. .................................................................................................... 48 Figure 21: Pods are green, with hairy edges, turning brown in summer ........................................... 49 Figure 22: Monocultures are common ....................................................................................................... 50 Figure 23: Foxglove is so common that many think it's native to the Pacific Northwest. ............. 55 Figure 24: In the rosette stage, toxic D. purpurea is easily confused with other plants ............... 56 Figure 25: Drooping flowers have spots inside ....................................................................................... 58 Figure 26: G. robertianum can grow just about anywhere ................................................................... 63 Figure 27: Red foliage on exposure to sun or cold ................................................................................. 64 Figure 28: The rounded, lobed foliage and 5-petaled flower of G. robertianum ............................. 65 Figure 29: Dicentra formosa. ....................................................................................................................... 65 Figure 30: G. robertianum seedlings, just outgrowing their kidney-shape ....................................... 66 Figure 31: G. robertianum stems are hairy .............................................................................................. 67 Figure 32: Beaked G. robertianum fruits .................................................................................................. 68 Figure 33: Invasive ivy infesting a forest understory ............................................................................ 74 ii Figure 34: Mature, shrub form .................................................................................................................... 75 Figure 35: Modest-size roots being removed ........................................................................................... 76 Figure 36: Unusual situation of mature form growing prostrate with juvenile form ..................... 77 Figure 37: Mature leaves, flowers, and fruit ............................................................................................ 78 Figure 38: Invasive ivy killing a deciduous tree ...................................................................................... 79 Figure 39: Ilex aquifolium ............................................................................................................................. 85 Figure 40: Berberis aquifolium yellow flowers .......................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Euphorbiaceae
    Botanische Bestimmungsübungen 1 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae (Wolfsmilchgewächse) 1 Systematik und Verbreitung Die Euphorbiaceae gehören zu den Eudikotyledonen (Kerneudikotyledonen > Superrosiden > Rosiden > Fabiden). Innerhalb dieser wird die Familie zur Ordnung der Malpighiales (Malpighienartige) gestellt. Die Euphorbiaceae umfassen rund 230 Gattungen mit ca. 6.000 Arten. Sie werden in 4 Unterfamilien gegliedert: 1. Cheilosoideae, 2. Acalyphoideae, 3. Crotonoideae und 4. Euphorbioideae sowie in 6 Triben unterteilt. Die Familie ist überwiegend tropisch verbreitet mit einem Schwerpunkt im indomalaiischen Raum und in den neuweltlichen Tropen. Die Gattung Euphorbia (Wolfsmilch) ist auch in außertropischen Regionen wie z. B. dem Mittelmeerraum, in Südafrika sowie in den südlichen USA häufig. Heimisch ist die Familie mit Mercurialis (Bingelkraut; 2 Arten) und Euphorbia (Wolfsmilch; 20-30 Arten) vertreten. Abb. 1: Verbreitungskarte. 2 Morphologie 2.1 Habitus Die Familie ist sehr vielgestaltig. Es handelt sich um ein- und mehrjährige krautige Pflanzen, Halbsträucher, Sträucher bis große Bäume oder Sukkulenten. Besonders in S-Afrika und auf den Kanarischen Inseln kommen auf hitzebelasteten Trockenstandorten zahlreiche kakteenartige stammsukkulente Arten vor, die in den Sprossachsen immens viel Wasser speichern können. © PD DR. VEIT M. DÖRKEN, Universität Konstanz, FB Biologie Botanische Bestimmungsübungen 2 Euphorbiaceae Abb. 2: Lebensformen; entweder einjährige (annuelle) oder ausdauernde (perennierende) krautige Pflanzen, aber auch viele Halbsträucher,
    [Show full text]
  • The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts
    The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory,
    [Show full text]
  • 02. CENTAUREA.Indd
    ActaCentaurea Botanica sect. MalacitanaCyanus en la 35. Península 23-55 Ibérica Málaga, 201023 REVISIÓN TAXONÓMICA DEL COMPLEJO DE CENTAUREA CYANUS L. (CENTAUREA SECT. CYANUS, ASTERACEAE) EN LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA Adolfo Francisco MUÑOZ1 y Juan Antonio DEVESA2* Dirección de los autores.1Departamento de Biología Ambiental y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Huelva, Avenida de la Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071-Badajoz, España 2Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio José Celestino Mutis, ctra. de Madrid km. 396, 14071-Córdoba, y Jardín Botánico de Córdoba, Avda. de Linneo s/n, 14004-Córdoba, España. *Autor para correspondencia: [email protected] Recibido el 1 de septiembre de 2010, aceptado para su publicación el 10 de octubre de 2010 RESUMEN. Revisión taxonómica del complejo de Centaurea cyanus L. (Centaurea sect. Cyanus, Asteraceae) en la Península Ibérica. Se ha efectuado la revisión taxonómica de Centaurea sect. Cyanus en la Península Ibérica. Se reconocen seis táxones y se hacen dos nuevas combinaciones: C. triumfettii var. semidecurrens (Jord.) Muñoz Rodr. & Devesa y C. graminifolia (Lam.) Muñoz Rodr. & Devesa. Se aporta una clave para la identificación de los táxones, así como su descripción morfológica e información sobre la distribución geográfica, apetencias ecológicas, fenología y número cromosómico. Palabras clave. Asteraceae, Centaurea, corología, taxonomía, Península Ibérica. ABSTRACT. Taxonomic revision of the Centaurea cyanus L. complex (Centaurea sect. Cyanus, Asteraceae) in the Iberian Peninsula. A taxonomic review of Centaurea sect. Cyanus in the Iberian Peninsula was done. Six taxa are recognized and two new combinations are proposed: C. triumfetti var.
    [Show full text]
  • Butterfly Plant List
    Butterfly Plant List Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) go through what is known as a * This list of plants is seperated by host (larval/caterpilar stage) "complete" lifecycle. This means they go through metamorphosis, and nectar (Adult feeding stage) plants. Note that plants under the where there is a period between immature and adult stages where host stage are consumed by the caterpillars as they mature and the insect forms a protective case/cocoon or pupae in order to form their chrysalis. Most caterpilars and mothswill form their transform into its adult/reproductive stage. In butterflies this case cocoon on the host plant. is called a Chrysilas and can come in various shapes, textures, and colors. Host Plants/Larval Stage Perennials/Annuals Vines Common Name Scientific Common Name Scientific Aster Asteracea spp. Dutchman's pipe Aristolochia durior Beard Tongue Penstamon spp. Passion vine Passiflora spp. Bleeding Heart Dicentra spp. Wisteria Wisteria sinensis Butterfly Weed Asclepias tuberosa Dill Anethum graveolens Shrubs Common Fennel Foeniculum vulgare Common Name Scientific Common Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Cape Plumbago Plumbago auriculata Joe-Pye Weed Eupatorium purpureum Hibiscus Hibiscus spp. Garden Nasturtium Tropaeolum majus Mallow Malva spp. Parsley Petroselinum crispum Rose Rosa spp. Snapdragon Antirrhinum majus Senna Cassia spp. Speedwell Veronica spp. Spicebush Lindera benzoin Spider Flower Cleome hasslerana Spirea Spirea spp. Sunflower Helianthus spp. Viburnum Viburnum spp. Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata Trees Trees Common Name Scientific Common Name Scientific Birch Betula spp. Pine Pinus spp. Cherry and Plum Prunus spp. Sassafrass Sassafrass albidum Citrus Citrus spp. Sweet Bay Magnolia virginiana Dogwood Cornus spp. Sycamore Platanus spp. Hawthorn Crataegus spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Dispersal by Ants in Jarrah Forest Restorations of Western Australia
    Seed Dispersal by Ants in Jarrah Forest Restorations of Western Australia Troy L. Wanless Introduction The jarrah forests in Western Australia cover approximately 1.75 million ha in the southwestern corner of the state (Figure 1). Jarrah, otherwise known as Eucalyptus marginata, is only one species among many that inhabit a region with considerable physical and biological diversity. 1200 species of plants, 29 mammalian species, 45 reptile species, 17 frog species, 4 fish species and 150 bird species live in this system which also has highly adverse conditions for survival. These may include infertile, often salt-laden soils, drought, and the occasional wildfire (Western Australia Forest Alliance, 2003). Considerable deposits of bauxite, which is the primary material involved in the production of aluminum, are scattered throughout the region. Since 1963, Alcoa of Australia Ltd. has cleared these jarrah forests to make way for mining of this ore. It is estimated that these deposits cover 7-8% of the forested area although only 3-4% will ever be mined due to environmental and economic constraints (Majer, 1989). These mined areas create a scattering of patches throughout the forest that are essentially stripped of any kind of biodiversity that was once there (Figure 2). Restoration efforts on these previously mined patches focus on many aspects of the jarrah forest ecosystem. Specifically interesting is the role that ants play in seed dispersal. This paper will focus on the topic of seed dispersal by ants in the northern jarrah forests of Western Australia while paying particular attention to myrmecochory. Figure 1. Location of jarrah forest in Australia Figure 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Large-Flowered Trilliums Coming up in Spring in Our Childhoo
    Large-flowered Trillium or Common Trillium (Trillium grandiflorum) Large-flowered Trilliums Coming Up in Spring In our childhood the woods in late May were full of hundreds of large, waxy white flowers that covered the forest floor. Grandma in her German diary called these trilliums “wild lilies” and also commented that on May14th and 22nd in 1927 and again on May 22nd in 1940 these flowers were numerous and in full bloom. (Freckman, 1994) gave the earliest blooming dates as April 24th. Large-flowered Trillium Bud Opening Today, with more houses and lawns in the country, and fewer undisturbed woodlots those visions of white are less frequently seen. In addition, the White-tailed Deer population has steadily increased and their appetite for tasty trilliums has served to eliminate many stands of this beautiful plant. This is especially troublesome because once the leaves and flowers are plucked, the plant is likely to die. It can no longer produce food to send down to the roots so that it can come back another year. It still grows quite abundantly on the sloping bank along Billings Avenue in the Town of Medford, Wisconsin. Some sources say that deer do not like to graze on steep banks or inclines so that may be why those plants have escaped. We have a patch of trilliums that has grown larger each year in our lawn. Recently we have had to protect these trilliums from the deer that could wipe out the entire patch in a single night. Sometimes seeds from those plants, possibly transported by ants, have grown into new plants in the front lawn.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016
    Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016 April 1981 Revised, May 1982 2nd revision, April 1983 3rd revision, December 1999 4th revision, May 2011 Prepared for U.S. Department of Commerce Ohio Department of Natural Resources National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Division of Wildlife Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. G Estuarine Reserves Division Columbus, Ohio 1305 East West Highway 43229-6693 Silver Spring, MD 20910 This management plan has been developed in accordance with NOAA regulations, including all provisions for public involvement. It is consistent with the congressional intent of Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, and the provisions of the Ohio Coastal Management Program. OWC NERR Management Plan, 2011 - 2016 Acknowledgements This management plan was prepared by the staff and Advisory Council of the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC NERR), in collaboration with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife. Participants in the planning process included: Manager, Frank Lopez; Research Coordinator, Dr. David Klarer; Coastal Training Program Coordinator, Heather Elmer; Education Coordinator, Ann Keefe; Education Specialist Phoebe Van Zoest; and Office Assistant, Gloria Pasterak. Other Reserve staff including Dick Boyer and Marje Bernhardt contributed their expertise to numerous planning meetings. The Reserve is grateful for the input and recommendations provided by members of the Old Woman Creek NERR Advisory Council. The Reserve is appreciative of the review, guidance, and council of Division of Wildlife Executive Administrator Dave Scott and the mapping expertise of Keith Lott and the late Steve Barry.
    [Show full text]
  • A Remarkable New Species Group of Green Seed Beetles from Genus Amblycerus Thunberg (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), With
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 401:A remarkable 31–44 (2014) new species group of green seed beetles from genus Amblycerus Thunberg... 31 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.401.6232 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A remarkable new species group of green seed beetles from genus Amblycerus Thunberg (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), with description of a new Brazilian species Cibele Stramare Ribeiro-Costa1,†, Marcelli Krul Vieira1,‡, Daiara Manfio1,§, Gael J. Kergoat2,| 1 Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil 2 INRA-UMR CBGP (INRA/IRD/Cirad, Montpellier SupAgro), Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 30016, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France † http://zoobank.org/1FCBEC2D-0ECE-4863-A9B6-C280193CA320 ‡ http://zoobank.org/D1A89771-1AE1-4C5F-97A7-CAAE15DDF45E § http://zoobank.org/78128EF8-4D20-4EDA-9070-68B63DAB9495 | http://zoobank.org/D763F7EC-A1C9-45FF-88FB-408E3953F9A8 Corresponding author: Daiara Manfio ([email protected]) Academic editor: A. Konstantinov | Received 11 September 2013 | Accepted 24 March 2014 | Published 14 April 2014 http://zoobank.org/CA1101BF-E333-4DD6-80C1-AFA340B3CBE3 Citation: Ribeiro-Costa CS, Vieira MK, Manfio, DKergoat GJ (2014) A remarkable new species group of green seed beetles from genus Amblycerus Thunberg (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), with description of a new Brazilian species. ZooKeys 401: 31–44. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.401.6232 Abstract Representatives of the subfamily Bruchinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are usually small and inconspic- uous, with only a few species drawing the attention. Here we deal with several unusually colored species of Amblycerus Thunberg, 1815, one of the two most diverse bruchine genera in the Western hemisphere.
    [Show full text]
  • Cardiovascular System
    Dr Arpita Shrivastav CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Cardiac Tonic – These are the drugs which stimulate the heart. Eg. Cardiac Glycosides. Cardiac Glycosides – It represents a family of compound which are derived from, foxglove plant (digitalis purpurea). William withrin Ist used it to treat dropsy which occur due to heart failure. Cardiac glycosides are compounds which consist of sugar part attached with non sugar part (steroid nucleus & lactone ring) with the help of O2 molecule. Lactone ring and cyclo pentane perhydro phenanthren ring are aglycone part where as sugar part is the glycone part. Source Plants (1) Digoxin D. lanata (2) Digitoxin D. purpurea (3) Gitaxin D. purpurea (4) Gilalin D. purpurea (5) Strophanthin K Strophanthus combe (6) Ouabain S. gratus (7) Thevetin Thevetia herefolia (8) Bufotoxin Bufovulgaris Structural Effect – Sugar part attached at C3 affect Pharmacokinetics (PK) properties of glycosides like water solubility, self penetrability duration of action etc. Pharmacodynamics properties like cardiac activity depends on lactone ring and steroid nucleus. Mode of Action (MOA) – In heart the process of membrane depolarization or repolarization is controlled by Na+, K+ and Ca++ ions. When action potential is generated Na+ enters inside the membrane along with Ca++ (Na+ - Ca++ exchanger) (3 Na+ - 2 Ca++). The higher Intracellular Ca++ conc. Results in efflux of K+, the reestablishment of action potential occur by reverse of Na+ - K+ exchange which require energy provided by an enzyme. Na+ K+ ATPas Cardiac. Glycosides inhibit this enzyme. Which lead to reduce Na+k+ exchange, intracellular Na+ and Ca++ conc. Which further result in in myocardial contraction or +ve ionotropic effect.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant List for Web Page
    Stanford Working Plant List 1/15/08 Common name Botanical name Family origin big-leaf maple Acer macrophyllum Aceraceae native box elder Acer negundo var. californicum Aceraceae native common water plantain Alisma plantago-aquatica Alismataceae native upright burhead Echinodorus berteroi Alismataceae native prostrate amaranth Amaranthus blitoides Amaranthaceae native California amaranth Amaranthus californicus Amaranthaceae native Powell's amaranth Amaranthus powellii Amaranthaceae native western poison oak Toxicodendron diversilobum Anacardiaceae native wood angelica Angelica tomentosa Apiaceae native wild celery Apiastrum angustifolium Apiaceae native cutleaf water parsnip Berula erecta Apiaceae native bowlesia Bowlesia incana Apiaceae native rattlesnake weed Daucus pusillus Apiaceae native Jepson's eryngo Eryngium aristulatum var. aristulatum Apiaceae native coyote thistle Eryngium vaseyi Apiaceae native cow parsnip Heracleum lanatum Apiaceae native floating marsh pennywort Hydrocotyle ranunculoides Apiaceae native caraway-leaved lomatium Lomatium caruifolium var. caruifolium Apiaceae native woolly-fruited lomatium Lomatium dasycarpum dasycarpum Apiaceae native large-fruited lomatium Lomatium macrocarpum Apiaceae native common lomatium Lomatium utriculatum Apiaceae native Pacific oenanthe Oenanthe sarmentosa Apiaceae native 1 Stanford Working Plant List 1/15/08 wood sweet cicely Osmorhiza berteroi Apiaceae native mountain sweet cicely Osmorhiza chilensis Apiaceae native Gairdner's yampah (List 4) Perideridia gairdneri gairdneri Apiaceae
    [Show full text]
  • A List of Grasses and Grasslike Plants of the Oak Openings, Lucas County
    A LIST OF THE GRASSES AND GRASSLIKE PLANTS OF THE OAK OPENINGS, LUCAS COUNTY, OHIO1 NATHAN WILLIAM EASTERLY Department of Biology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 4-3403 ABSTRACT This report is the second of a series of articles to be prepared as a second "Flora of the Oak Openings." The study represents a comprehensive survey of members of the Cyperaceae, Gramineae, Juncaceae, Sparganiaceae, and Xyridaceae in the Oak Openings region. Of the 202 species listed in this study, 34 species reported by Moseley in 1928 were not found during the present investigation. Fifty-seven species found by the present investi- gator were not observed or reported by Moseley. Many of these species or varieties are rare and do not represent a stable part of the flora. Changes in species present or in fre- quency of occurrence of species collected by both Moseley and Easterly may be explained mainly by the alteration of habitats as the Oak Openings region becomes increasingly urbanized or suburbanized. Some species have increased in frequency on the floodplain of Swan Creek, in wet ditches and on the banks of the Norfolk and Western Railroad right-of-way, along newly constructed roadsides, or on dry sandy sites. INTRODUCTION The grass family ranks third among the large plant families of the world. The family ranks number one as far as total numbers of plants that cover fields, mead- ows, or roadsides are concerned. No other family is used as extensively to pro- vide food or shelter or to create a beautiful landscape. The sedge family does not fare as well in terms of commercial importance, but the sedges do make avail- able forage and food for wild fowl and they do contribute plant cover in wet areas where other plants would not be as well adapted.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisión Taxonómica Del Género Molineriella Rouy (Gramineae: Poeae: Airinae) En La Península Ibérica
    Acta Botanica Malacitana1~P J.Cebrino Cruz & C. Romero-Zarco. Revisión taxonómica del género Molineriella Artículo203 '2,KWWSG[GRLRUJDEPYL&DEHFHUD $UWtFXOR Revisión taxonómica del género Molineriella Rouy (Gramineae: Poeae: Airinae) en la Península Ibérica Jesús Cebrino Cruz & Carlos Romero-Zarco 'HSDUWDPHQWR GH %LRORJtD 9HJHWDO \ (FRORJtD )DFXOWDG GH %LRORJtD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH 6HYLOOD & 3URIHVRU *DUFtD *RQ]iOH]VQ6HYLOOD(VSDxD Correspondencia Resumen C. Romero-Zarco e-mail: [email protected] Se presenta una revisión del género Molineriella Rouy sobre la base del Recibido: 11 septiembre 2017 estudio morfológico de 1.300 ejemplares de herbario. Se trata de un género Aceptado: 26 octubre 2017 PHGLWHUUiQHRTXHWLHQHVXPi[LPDULTXH]DHVSHFtÀFDHQOD3HQtQVXOD,EpULFD Publicado on-line: diciembre 2017 \SDUDHOTXHVHKDQUHFRQRFLGRDTXtWUHVHVSHFLHVSDUDODVFXDOHVVHDSRUWDQ descripciones y mapas de distribución en el área de estudio. Se han designado un neotipo para Aira laevis Brot. y sendos lectotipos para Periballia minuta subsp. australis3DXQHUR\Molineria minuta var. baetica Willk. Se ha descrito como nueva Molineriella laevis var. submutica Cebrino & Romero Zarco. Palabras clave: *UDPLQHDH3RHDH$LULQDH MolineriellaPeriballia3HQtQVXOD ,EpULFD7D[RQRPtD7LSLÀFDFLyQ Abstract Taxonomic revision of the genus Molineriella Rouy (Gramineae: Poeae: Airinae) in the Iberian Península We present the revision of the genus Molineriella Rouy based on a PRUSKRORJLFDOVWXG\RIKHUEDULXPVSHFLPHQV,WLVD0HGLWHUUDQHDQJHQXV ZLWKLWVPD[LPXPVSHFLHVULFKQHVVLQWKH,EHULDQ3HQLQVXOD7KUHHVSHFLHVDUH UHFRJQL]HG
    [Show full text]