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A Universal Amazigh Keyboard for Latin Script and Tifinagh
LES RESSOURCES LANGAGIERES : CONSTRUCTION ET EXPLOITATION A universal Amazigh keyboard for Latin script and Tifinagh Paul Anderson [email protected] 1. Introduction Systems of Amazigh text encoding and corresponding keyboard layouts have tended to be narrowly aimed at specific user communities, because of differences in phonology and orthography across Amazigh language variants1. Keyboard layouts for language variants have therefore lacked orthographic features found in other regions. This restricted focus impedes users' experimentation with the writing of other Amazigh regional variants and converged literary forms where they differ in orthographic features or in script. So far there has been no way to type more than a handful of Amazigh variants intuitively on any one layout even within one script. This fragmented development has meant that keyboard driver implementations have often lagged behind advances in technology, and have usually failed to take into account general keyboard layout design, ergonomy and typing speed, and solutions from other Amazigh regions or non-Amazigh languages. Some users even preferred to improvise key definitions based on their own understanding, which often resulted in mistaken use of lookalike letters and diacritics. Keyboard layouts have also failed to provide for Amazigh minority populations around the world, and have considered the multilingual context of Amazigh language use only locally. Several scripts are commonly used to write Amazigh variants, and even within a script there are different orthographies in use. Some orthographies are formal 1 I use the term 'language variant' since distinguishing 'dialect' and 'language' is not necessary here. ~ 165 ~ LES RESSOURCES LANGAGIERES : CONSTRUCTION ET EXPLOITATION standards. In others, some features are obsolete but still in use, some features are still disputed, and some features are regional usages or personal initiatives, or are required only for writing more phonetically. -
Computing in Indian Languages for Knowledge Management: Technology Perspectives and Linguistic Issues
Informatics Studies. ISSN 2320 – 530X. Vol. 3, Issue 4, Fourth Quarterly Issue. October – December, 2016. P 31-44 Computing in Indian Languages for Knowledge Management: Technology Perspectives and Linguistic Issues Ram Awathar Ojha Abstract The paper is the first among a series of documents on computer applications in Indian languages to be published in the journal. Traditionally, computer applications were based on English as the medium of interaction with the system. The technology is not yet viable to Indian languages. Majority of Indian population does not speak or write in or understand English and this weakness of technology hinders the attempts to use computers for education and literacy, meant for majority of the population who should get the benefit of Information Technology. In many parts of the world computer applications have been developed in different regional languages, appropriate to the user communities. This introductory paper gives a perspective of research and development on computational linguistics, the phonetic aspect of Indian languages, transliteration standards, lack of uniformity, data entry methods, keyboards, phonetic mapping of the vowels and consonants, web pages supporting display of Indian language text etc in the context of computing in Indian languages. Keywords: Computational Linguistics, Indian Languages, Telugu, Kannada, Phonetics, Alphabets, vowels, consonants, syllables, transliteration standards, data entry methods, keyboards, , web pages This paper covers Writing Systems Codes for Systems (MLS) in the context of this the Aksharas, The Phonetic Aspect of Indian discussion. Typically, an MLS will permit Languages, The importance of users to interact with computers in their own Transliteration, Lack of Uniformity Between mother tongue. -
Keyboard Layouts: Lessons from the Meꞌphaa and Sochiapam Chinantec Designs
From the files of Hugh Paterson III https://hughandbecky.us/Hugh-CV Keyboard layouts: Lessons from the Meꞌphaa and Sochiapam Chinantec designs Hugh Paterson III SIL International and the University of North Dakota [email protected] 15 December 2020 Version: Post-Print Preface In contrast to the publication of the original chapter, this post-print includes the references which were cited in the text, directly after the main text. Several style sheet changes have also been made: The main font has been changed, several small spelling corrections have been fixed, some diacritics are shown with ◌ rather than appearing bare, a table of ‘languages mentioned’ in the chapter, a list of abbreviations used, and in some places titles and names have been italicized as is commonly done in some publishing styles. The in-text citations for items mentioned as “in same volume” as the original chapter have now been added as full refernces. The book was first released in 2014, but the printed date/copyright date, as is common in many publishing venues, indicates the year following—in this case 2015. Even though author affiliation changed since publication, affiliation has been left as it was at the time of original authorship. Original publication Paterson III, Hugh J. 2015. Keyboard layouts: Lessons from the Meꞌphaa and Sochiapam Chinan- tec designs. In Mari C. Jones (ed.), Endangered Languages and New Technologies, 49–66. Cam- bridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107279063.006. 1 Introduction Codification represents a major challenge for writers of endangered languages. Newtech- nologies render the process of typing on a keyboard more accessible and less expensive than at any previous point in time. -
Belgian AZERTY Keyboard
Belgians, Flemings: Demand your Swiss Keyboard! Serge Y. Stroobandt Copyright 2013–2015, licensed under Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Belgian AZERTY keyboard Three variants: French, Belgian and Tamazight (Berber). The AZERTY layout is used in France, Belgium and some African countries. It differs from the QWERTY layout in this: • The location of the [A] and [Q] keys are interchanged. • The location of the [Z] and [W] keys are interchanged. • [M] is moved to the right of [L] (where [; :] is on a US keyboard), • The digits [0] to [9] are on the same keys, but to be typed the shift key must be pressed. The unshifted positions are used for accented characters, • [Caps lock] is replaced by [Shift lock] , thus affecting non-letter keys as well. However, there is an ongoing evolution towards a [Caps lock] key instead of a [Shift lock] . It is used by most French speakers based in Europe, though France and Bel- gium each have their own national variations on the layout. Luxemburg and the French-speaking part of Switzerland use the Swiss QWERTZ keyboard. Most of the residents of Quebec, the mainly French-speaking province of Canada, use a QWERTY keyboard that has been adapted to the French lan- guage, although the government of Quebec and the Canadian federal gov- ernment stipulate and use the Multilingual Standard keyboard CAN/CSA Z243.200-92.[1][2][3] Het is de meest gebruikelijke indeling in België en in Frankrijk. Het toetsen- bord is ontworpen om gemakkelijk Franstalige teksten te kunnen invoeren, doch wordt niet alleen in Franstalige gebieden gebruikt: in heel België, waaron- der het Nederlandstalige Vlaanderen, is AZERTY de norm. -
Voice Key Board: Multimodal Indic Text Input
Voice Key Board: Multimodal Indic Text Input Prasenjit Dey Ramchandrula Rahul Ajmera Kalika Bali Hewlett-Packard Labs Sitaram Human Factors International Microsoft Research India nd 24, Salarpuria Arena Hewlett-Packard Labs 310/6, H.R Complex “Scientia”, 196/36 2 Main Adugodi, Hosur Road 24, Salarpuria Arena Koramangala, 5th Block Sadashivnagar, Bangalore-560030, India Adugodi, Hosur Road Bangalore 560095, India Bangalore-560080, India [email protected] Bangalore-560030, India [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT intimidating because they use modalities which are natural to our Multimodal systems, incorporating more natural input modalities everyday human communication. We are therefore motivated to like speech, hand gesture, facial expression etc., can make human- explore the use of multiple modalities to address the problem of computer-interaction more intuitive by drawing inspiration from Indic text input. spontaneous human-human-interaction. We present here a multimodal input device for Indic scripts called the Voice Key Indic scripts such as Devanagari, used for Hindi and other Indic Board (VKB) which offers a simpler and more intuitive method languages, are defined as “syllabic alphabets” in that the unit of for input of Indic scripts. VKB exploits the syllabic nature of Indic encoding is a syllable, however the corresponding graphic units language scripts and exploits the user’s mental model of Indic show distinctive internal structure and a constituent set of scripts wherein a base consonant character is modified by graphemes. The formative principles behind them may be different vowel ligatures to represent the actual syllabic character. summarized as follows [2]: We also present a user evaluation result for VKB comparing it - graphemes for independent (initial) Vs (vowel) with the most common input method for the Devanagari script, - C (consonant) graphemes with inherent neutral vowel a the InScript keyboard. -
Japanese Typing Tutorial (For Mac): コンピュータで日本語
JPN_Typing_Tutorial_Mac.doc Japanese Typing Tutorial (for Mac): コンピュータで日本語 1. Enable Japanese language features 1) In the Microsoft Office 2004 folder on your hard disk, open the Additional Tools folder, and then open the Microsoft Language Register folder. 2) Drag the Microsoft Word icon on top of the Microsoft Language Register utility. 3) In the Select the language to enable for pop-up menu, click Japanese. Note After running the Microsoft Language Register program, you should select the Japanese keyboard layout provided with the Apple OS, or a third-party keyboard layout of your choice. To do so, open System Preferences, click International, and then click the Input Menu tab. 4) In the menu bar at the top of the screen do you see American flag icon or “A” in the black box? Click the icon, and choose [あ] Hiragana. 2. How to Type ひらがな 2.1 Romaji Typing System When you type Japanese, you have to use Romanization because HIRAGANA or KATAKANA is not listed on your keyboard. But the Romanization you are supposed to use for the word processor is not quite the same as the one you learned in class. You have to interpret Romanization as a mere substitution for the written syllables, HIRAGANA. You first have to consider how the word you want to type is written in HIRAGANA and then transcribe each HIRAGANA character into corresponding romaji. After typing in the Romanization, hit ‘Enter’ key (do not hit ‘Space’ key before hitting ‘Enter’ key, that will convert HIRAGNA into Kanji). Hit space key after each word if you want to have a space. -
Keyboard Layouts
Manuel Matuzović @mmatuzo ViennaJS 05/2017 KEYBOARD CONTROLS FOR AN INTERNATIONAL USER BASE Manuel Matuzovic Manuel Matuzović č, ć, đ, dž, š, ž, nj, lj q, w, x Keyboard layouts “A keyboard layout is any specific mechanical, visual, or functional arrangement of the keys, legends, or key-meaning associations (respectively) of a computer, typewriter, or other typographic keyboard.” Wikipedia QWERTY QWERTZ AZERTY JCUKEN Soooo? Events • keydown The keydown event is fired when a key is pressed down. • keyup The keyup event is fired when a key is released. • keypress The keypress event is fired when a key is pressed down Values • keyCode Returns a numerical code identifying the value of the pressed key. • which Returns a numeric code identifying the value of the pressed key; this is usually the same as keyCode. • charCode Returns a Number representing the Unicode reference number of the key; this atribute is used only by the keypress event. event.keyCode window.addEventListener('keydown', navigate); function navigate(e) { ... if (e.keyCode === 68) { moveLeftAndRight(1); } if (e.keyCode === 90) { shootMissile(); } } Issues • Different meaning of properties when handling a key event (keydown or keyup) versus a character event (keypress). • The values of keys in keypress events are different between browsers. • Inconsistent values for keys and events cross-browser • keyCode on key events tries to be international-friendly, but isn’t QWERTZ QWERTY QWERTY Remember AZERTY? UI Events: API • Two new properties: key and code • event.key - printable character or a descriptive string, e.g. z • event.code - physical key, e.g. KeyY • Reference keyboard in the specification Reference keyboard event.keyCode window.addEventListener('keydown', navigate); function navigate(e) { .. -
Text Input Methods for Indian Languages Sowmya Vajjala, International Institute of Information Technology
Iowa State University From the SelectedWorks of Sowmya Vajjala 2011 Text Input Methods for Indian Languages Sowmya Vajjala, International Institute of Information Technology Available at: https://works.bepress.com/sowmya-vajjala/3/ TEXT INPUT METHODS FOR INDIAN LANGUAGES By Sowmya V.B. 200607014 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Science (by Research) in Computer Science & Engineering Search and Information Extraction Lab Language Technologies Research Center International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad, India September 2008 Copyright c 2008 Sowmya V.B. All Rights Reserved Dedicated to all those people, living and dead, who are directly or indirectly responsible to the wonderful life that I am living now. INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Hyderabad, India CERTIFICATE It is certified that the work contained in this thesis, titled “ Text input methods for Indian Languages ” by Sowmya V.B. (200607014) submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Master of Science (by Research) in Computer Science & Engineering, has been carried out under my supervision and it is not submitted elsewhere for a degree. Date Advisor : Dr. Vasudeva Varma Associate Professor IIIT, Hyderabad Acknowledgements I would like to first express my gratitude to my advisor Dr Vasudeva Varma, for being with me and believing in me throughout the duration of this thesis work. His regular suggestions have been greatly useful. I thank Mr Prasad Pingali for his motivation and guidance during the intial phases of my thesis. I thank Mr Bhupal Reddy for giving me the first lessons in my research. I entered IIIT as a novice to Computer Science in general and research in particular. -
How to Install B. Hebrew Font (Mac)
INSTALLING SBL HEBREW FONT (SIL) For Mac OS 1. Open Safari (or Chrome) 2. CLICK LINK Teaching Bible SBL HEBREW FONT Biblical Fonts Texts and Resources Bible Odyssey Font download (True Type Font file, v1 .56a Build 016, updated 12/15/2010) Keyboard Drivers (.zip files, updated 4/21/2008) SBL Hebrew keyboard Driver, SIL Layout (Windows) SBL Hebrew keyboard Driver, Tiro Layout (Windows) SBL Hebrew keyboard Drivers, SIL and Tiro (macOS/OS X). PASSWORD User Manuals (pdf files, updated 2/26/2008) SBL Hebrew User Manual ... Login SBL Hebrew SIL Keyboard Driver Manual Create new 12assword SBL Hebrew Tiro Keyboard Driver Manual ForgQL'{.our12assword? Join SBL To decide which keyboard layout is best for you, consult the driver manuals. Having trouble installing or using the SBL Hebrew font? Please consult our Biblical Fonts FAQ. Please donate to support Font development and other SBL projects. 3. CLICK AND DOWNLOAD HEBREW FONT FOR MAC ~r.(True Type Font file, v1 .56a Build 016, updated 12/15/2010) rs (.zip files, updated 4/21/2008) fl r·,rrl r,-iur T' C,. I U"""-1 • -- - -- • /r" \ SBL Hebrew keY.board Drivers, SIL and Tiro (macOS/0S X). User Manuals (pdf files, updated 2/26/2008) !, ,L H- t-,-.!w L 1r'!" r,1c-,,-1..-- !, ,L H- t-""•w !, "'ry~o;. rrt >r.v---r, 1111 11 f, ,L H ~ • ,·J 1ro K .ybo·1rdL•r1¥1 r ' T' 1, 1 To decide which keyboard layout is best for you, consult the driver manuals. Having trouble installing or using the SBL Hebrew font? Please consult our r 1t"lic I r or•, r Af , , _or J to support Font development and other SBL projects. -
A Rapid Screening and Testing Protocol for Keyboard Layout Speed Comparison
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS 1 A Rapid Screening and Testing Protocol for Keyboard Layout Speed Comparison Joonseok Lee, Member, IEEE, Hanggjun Cho, Student Member, IEEE and R I (Bob) McKay*, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—We propose an efficient, low-overhead methodology an analysis based on this protocol, comparing a personalised for screening key layouts for ultimate typing speed. It is fast, mobile phone keypad layout with a well-known “ABC” layout. and complementary to existing protocols in other ways. For We compare the theoretical improvement in efficiency, based equal overhead, it allows testing over a wider range of users. It is subject to potential biases, but they can be quantified and on a model of typing speed, with the experimental results adjusted. It assumes an existing standard layout which is used as obtained from our protocol. We conclude with a discussion a comparator. It eliminates bias from differing familiarity and of the assumptions and limitations of the approach, of the finger memory by appropriately mapping both layouts. ways it may be effectively combined with other techniques, We illustrate it with two mobile phone keypad layouts: Sam- and some possible future extensions. sung’s variant of the common ABC layout, and a new user-specific layout (PM). We repeat a comparison previously undertaken by a training-based method, which used 10 participants, and II. BACKGROUND estimated a 54% speedup for PM (SD=35%). The new method A. Earlier Methodologies used 116 participants and estimated a 19.5% speedup (SD=7.5%). Differences in speedup estimates can be explained by the wide There are obstacles to fair, rapid layout comparison. -
Secondary School 2017-18 Volume 1
Secondary School Curriculum 2017-18 Volume - I Main Subjects for Classes IX-X CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION Shiksha Sadan, 17, Institutional Area, Rouse Avenue, Delhi - 110002 I ©CBSE, Delhi - 110092 No. of Copies: March - 2017 Price: Published by : Secretary, CBSE Designed by : Public Printing (Delhi) Service, C-80, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-I, New Delhi-110020 Printed by : II Hkkx 4 d ewy drZO; 51 d- ewy dÙkZO; &Hkkjr ds izR;sd ukxfjd dk ;g drZO; gksxk fd og & ¼d½ lafo/kku dk ikyu djs vkSj mlds vkn”kksZa] laLFkkvksa] jk’Vªèot vkSj jk’Vªxku dk vknj djs ( ¼[k½ Lora=rk ds fy, gekjs jk’Vªh; vkanksyu dks izsfjr djus okys mPp vkn”kksZa dks ân; esa latks, j[ks vkSj mudk ikyu djs( ¼x½ Hkkjr dh izHkqrk] ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk dh j{kk djs vkSj mls v{kq..k j[ks( ¼Ä½ ns”k dh j{kk djs vkSj vkg~oku fd, tkus ij jk’Vª dh lsok djs( ¼³½ Hkkjr ds lHkh yksxksa esa lejlrk vkSj leku Hkzkr`Ro dh Hkkouk dk fuekZ.k djs tks /keZ] Hkk’kk vkSj izns”k ;k oxZ ij vk/kkfjr lHkh HksnHkko ls ijs gksa] ,slh izFkkvksa dk R;kx djs tks fL=;ksa ds lEeku ds fo#) gSa( ¼p½ gekjh lkekftd laLÑfr dh xkSjo”kkyh ijaijk dk egÙo le>s vkSj mldk ifjj{k.k djs( ¼N½ izkÑfrd i;kZoj.k dh ftlds varxZr ou] >hy] unh] vkSj oU; tho gSa] j{kk djs vkSj mldk lao/kZu djs rFkk izk.kh ek= ds izfr n;kHkko j[ks( ¼t½ oSKkfud n`f’Vdks.k] ekuookn vkSj KkuktZu rFkk lq/kkj dh Hkkouk dk fodkl djs( ¼>½ lkoZtfud laifÙk dks lqjf{kr j[ks vkSj fgalk ls nwj jgs( ¼´½ O;fDrxr vkSj lkewfgd xfrfof/k;ksa ds lHkh {ks=ksa esa mRd’kZ dh vksj c<+us dk lrr iz;kl djs ftlls jk’Vª fujarj c<+rs gq, iz;Ru vkSj miyfC/k dh -
Typing Tutor Keypad
Typing tutor keypad click here to download The free typing lessons supply the complete "How to type" package. Animated keyboard layout and the typing tutor graphic hands are used to correct mis-typing Lesson 8 · BBC News Practice your touch · Articles Practice your. With our free keypad tutorial you can learn to type easily and quickly. Fun Typing; Keyboarding tutorials; Typing Test; Keypad Tutorials; Games; Animated. World's most trusted free typing tutor! Time to practice your numeric keypad! If your keyboard doesn't have a numeric keypad, then the numbers on your. Scroll for written instructions to Beginner Typing Lesson 1 or watch the video We have tried to make this free website typing tutor as simple as possible to use. text from ABOVE each exercise box by tapping the same key on your keyboard.Beginner Typing Lesson 2 · eBOOK - Typing Success · Advanced Typing Skills 1. Online keyboard touch typing tutor designed for beginers and advanced typists. Learn touch typing, improve your typing speed and accuracy, be more. A free online typing tutorial with tips to help speed up your efficiency when using the computer keyboard. Typing Master for Windows - Analyze and Train Typing in Real-time. The color-coded on-screen keyboard helps you to quickly learn the key placements and. Free online typing tutor! Learn touch typing fast using these free typing lessons. likewise, you can't learn to touch type by looking down at the keyboard. Free typing course for ten key number pads. see if you can correctly place your fingers on the + keys without looking at the keyboard.