INSIDE PLUS Pictures at an Exhibition Women Behind Opera Before Instagram the Camera Photos on Social Media

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS MAGAZINE NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2016

THE POWER OF PHOTOGRAPHY

LOC.GOV NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2016

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS MAGAZINE In This Issue Library of Congress Magazine FEATURES Vol. 5 No. 6: November/December 2016 Mission of the Library of Congress The Library’s central mission is to provide The Power of Photography Congress, the federal government, and the 12 From daguerreotypes to digital images, the Library’s photograph American people with a rich, diverse, and collections illustrate and inspire countless new works. enduring source of knowledge that can be relied upon to inform, inspire, and engage them, and support their intellectual and creative endeavors. Witness to History 18 The documentary photo collections in the Library provide a rich visual Library of Congress Magazine is issued record of the 19th to 21st centuries. bimonthly by the Office of Communications of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, donors, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in 8 Daniel A.P. Murray the . Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive Library of Congress Magazine on an exchange basis by applying in writing DEPARTMENTS to the Library’s Director for Acquisitions and Bibliographic Access, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. LCM is available on the web at loc.gov/lcm/. All other 02 Trending 22 My Job at the Library correspondence should be addressed to the Office of Communications, Library of Congress, 03 Curator’s Picks 23 Favorite Places 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 04 24 20 20540-1610. How Do I? Around the Library Marvin Breckinridge [email protected] 05 Page from the Past 25 News Briefs loc.gov/lcm 06 26 ISSN 2169-0855 (print) The Library in History Shop the Library ISSN 2169-0863 (online) 08 Technology at the Library 27 Support the Library Carla D. Hayden 10 28 Librarian of Congress Online Offerings Last Word 17 Gayle Osterberg Expert’s Corner Executive Editor Audrey Fischer Editor

John H. Sayers ON THE COVER: Titled “Tribute in Light,” this art installation near the World Trade Center 24 Managing Editor site commemorates the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks. Camilo J. Vergara Collection, Prints and Stephen King Ashley Jones Photographs Collection Designer Shawn Miller Photo Editor Contributing Writers CONNECT ON Brett Carnell Phil Michel Christmas tree at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., 2006 | Carol Twitter: @librarycongress Pinterest: pinterest.com/LibraryCongress/ Mari Nakahara Youtube: Instagram: M. Highsmith Archive, Prints and Photographs Division Barbara Orbach Natanson .com/libraryofcongress @librarycongress Facebook: Library of Congress blogs: Amy Pastan facebook.com/libraryofcongress blogs.loc.gov Helena Zinkham Flickr: flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/ LCM online: loc.gov/lcm

November/December 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 1 #trending AT THE LIBRARY curator’s PICKS

OPERA AUTHORITY CHARLES JAHANT (1909–1994) DISCUSSED SOME OF THE 20TH CENTURY’S BEST OPERATIC PERFORMERS.

1 5 1. LUISA TETRAZZINI 5. LEONARD WARREN

Soprano Luisa Tetrazzini American baritone (1871–1940) made Leonard Warren her debut in her native (1911–1960) entered Florence, Italy, in the Metropolitan Opera 1891. Her international in 1938 as a beginner, career took her to San later playing larger Francisco, London and parts like the title role before she in ’s appeared at ’s “Rigoletto.” Studying PATHWAYS TO PICTURES Metropolitan Opera with Giuseppe de Luca, Jahant observed in his Warren learned the MANY OF THE LIBRARY’S RICH VISUAL RESOURCES ARE SHARED ON notes in 1911–1912, secrets of “bel canto” ITS WEBSITE AND SOCIAL MEDIA CHANNELS. “Her voice was uneven, 2 3 4 (beautiful singing). “His and while superb in dramatic death from a Taken in 1839, this the upper register was Photos have always been popular, but they seem selected public-domain photos on the Flickr site cerebral hemorrhage self-portrait or “selfie” somewhat undeveloped suffered onstage at the by Robert Cornelius is all the rage today in our smartphone-equipped, for photo enthusiasts. Hundreds of millions of elsewhere. However, her Metropolitan during a known as the earliest social-media infused culture. In ways hardly views later, the Library’s rediscovered collections joy of singing is apparent performance of ‘La Forza existing American imaginable a decade ago, nearly everyone shares continue to attract new information history on her records.” portrait photo. Marian pictures of their families, vacation stops, lunch detectives and fans of fun photos. del Destino’ robbed the Met of one of its most S. Carson Collection, selections and, of course, pets. Prints and Photographs Pinterest: In an effort to reach more users where valued performers,” Division Sharing is part of the mission of the Library they were using images, the Library launched a 2. MAX LORENZ 3. ROSETTA PAMPANINI recalled Jahant. of Congress, too, and photos have been among Pinterest presence in 2014. The scrapbooking- some of its most popular assets for decades. So style site allows us to share our existing resources Max Lorenz (1901–1975), Rosetta Pampanini (1896– it should be no surprise that the Library’s image in unique, thematic pages, sharing not only pictured here as Siegfried 1973), an Italian lyric soprano, curators have always kept their sharp eyes out for photo imagery but visual assets from other in Richard Wagner’s debuted in Rome in 1920 as “Götterdämmerung,” was Micaëla in “.” She new ways to share the Library’s visual wealth. In collections, including rare books and folklife. 4. EVA TURNER Germany’s leading dramatic was engaged by conductor addition to visiting our Prints and Photographs Instagram: tenor before World War II. First to perform in Dame Eva Turner (1892–1990), a dramatic reading room here in Washington, D.C., you can The Library began sharing more of its daily happenings on its Instagram account, heard at the Dresden Staatsoper ’s “Madame soprano, made her debut with England’s Carl find rich photo treasures in a variety of ways. Rosa Company in 1914. First engaged at launched in 2015, from events and concerts to in 1927, Lorenz moved to Butterfly” in the revival of Berlin and Vienna, then to the the work at before ’s La Scala Opera House in 1924, Turner LC website: The Library of Congress was special visitors and rich historical images. Metropolitan Opera, where he performing internationally. She became a favorite of Italian audiences. She one of the first cultural institutions to make sang between 1931 and 1934 was considered by many to is pictured here in the title role of Puccini’s digitized versions of its most popular collections As the Library continues to digitize its eligible photos, public domain imagery will continued to and again from 1947 to 1950. be the world’s leading Puccini “” in 1926. She would be associated available on the web. Today, more than 60 with that role for the next two decades. “Turner be shared and promoted on its website and via “His great renown probably singer. According to Jahant, million primary-source files from the Library’s stems from his striking physical “The soprano had a limpid was conventional in her interpretations, but her social media. collections are online. These include 1.2 million appearance, his acting and the (clear) voice of fine quality and voice, extremely clear, was one of a handful digitized visual images (photos, fine and popular absence of any serious rivals,” she was an affecting artist.” of comparably powerful sopranos of the age,” prints and drawings, posters, and architectural noted Jahant. wrote Jahant. and engineering drawings), which are free and MORE INFORMATION accessible to the public. Photos at the Library of Congress Blogs: Most of the Library’s 16 subject-specific loc.gov/pictures/ “#Opera Before Instagram: Portraits, 1890– blogs showcase images through “Pix of the Week” 1955,” selected photographs from the Charles and other features, and we have one blog — “Picture This” Blog Jahant Collection, is on display at the Library of Congress through Jan. 21, 2017. MORE INFORMATION “Picture This”— dedicated to visual resources and blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/ the stories behind them. View exhibition online Follow the Library of Congress on social media All photos | Charles Jahant Collection, Music Division loc.gov/exhibits Flickr: In 2008, the Library began sharing loc.gov/connect

2 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine November/December 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 3 how DO I? page FROM THE PAST

PRESERVE DIGITAL PICTURING THE PARKS National parks are among the nation’s PHOTOGRAPHS most cherished natural resources. The National Park Service—a bureau of the U.S. Department of Interior—was created by an act of Congress and signed by PHOTOGRAPHS HAVE RICH PERSONAL MEANING. Images are unique. If they President Woodrow Wilson on Aug. 25, are lost, the information they provide can never be replaced. An increasing 1916. A century later the National Park number of these images are born-digital and require special archiving Service overseas more than 400 sites, techniques to ensure their preservation. in every U.S. state and territory. These include parks, monuments, battlefields, scenic rivers and trails and historic sites— PHOTO ARCHIVING TIPS many of which are represented in the Library’s photograph collections. 1. Identify where you have digital photos (digital cameras, computers One of these sites is California’s Yosemite and removable media such as memory cards, and those posted to the National Park. This pristine scene at web). Yosemite’s Mirror Lake (pictured) was captured by Carleton Watkins during 2. Decide which photos are most important. If there are multiple the 1860s. One of the best landscape versions, save the one with high quality. photographers of the 19th century, Watkins used the cumbersome, demanding technology of his era, which 3. Organize the selected photos. required large glass wet plate negatives, and produced some of the most stunning • Give individual photos descriptive file names. images of this extraordinary wilderness. • Tag photos with names of people and descriptive subjects. His images are credited with encouraging • Create a directory/folder structure on your computer to contain the members of Congress to pass legislation images you picked. in 1864 that required California to protect the area from development. Abraham • Write a brief description of the directory structure and the photos. Lincoln signed the bill and was also reported to have been very taken with the beauty of the images. Subsequent 4. Make copies and store them in different places. efforts by landscape designer Frederick • Make at least two copies of your selected photos. Law Olmsted and naturalist John Muir • Put one copy on your computer or laptop; put other copies on resulted in Yosemite becoming a national separate storage media. park in 1890—decades before the establishment of the National Park Service • Store copies in locations that are as physically far apart as was established. practical. The Library’s website contains more • Put a copy of the photo inventory in a secure location. than 6,000 images of the national parks, • Check your photos at least once a year to make sure you can read including 100 views of Yosemite by them. Watkins. • Create new media copies every five years or when necessary to avoid data loss. MORE INFORMATION

loc.gov/photos/ MORE INFORMATION

Digital Preservation digitalpreservation.gov/personalarchiving/photos.html Prints and Photographs Division

4 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine November/December 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 5 the library IN HISTORY

DANIEL A.P. MURRAY

Daniel Alexander Payne Murray (1852- 1925) was born in , , the son of a freed slave. Murray joined the professional staff of the Library of Congress in 1871 at the age of 18. Ten years later, he was named assistant librarian, a position he held for 41 years. Murray testified before Congress and was consulted by presidents on issues such as lynching and Jim Crow segregation laws. He was also well known for his writings on African-American history, including his monumental but uncompleted “Historical Photograph of the African American exhibit at the Paris Exposition, 1900 | and Biographical Encyclopedia of the Prints and Photographs Division Colored Race.” Officers of the After the Paris Exposition, the works Tobacco Trade Union, PICTURES AT AN EXHIBITION Along with Murray’s printed materials, the display in Paris consisted of collected by Murray were placed in the Petersburg, Virginia, photographs and hand-drawn charts. There were portraits of African- Library of Congress. At his death in 1925, 1899 | Prints and THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS HELPED DOCUMENT AFRICAN-AMERICAN American winners of the Congressional Medal of Honor and women Murray bequeathed his personal library Photographs Division CULTURE AT THE TURN OF THE LAST CENTURY. attending college and photographs of the homes, schools, churches, clubs of more than 1,400 volumes and and work places of black Americans. The one public statement Du Bois pamphlets to the Library. The resulting made concerning these photographs was that visitors to the American collection of materials, many of them When the Paris Exposition opened on April 14, 1900, it showcased the Negro exhibit would find “several volumes of photographs of typical Negro unique, provides a rich catalog of achievements of the world and its peoples. One such display was devoted faces, which hardly square with conventional American ideas.” information on African-American life to the history and progress of African Americans since emancipation from around the turn of the century. slavery. Sociologist and educator W.E.B. Du Bois and special agent Thomas The Library of Congress holds approximately 500 photographs reportedly J. Calloway spearheaded the planning, collection and installation of the displayed in the exhibition for which W.E.B. Du Bois and Thomas J. exhibit materials. Assisting in the effort was Daniel A.P. Murray, a member Calloway both received gold medals. Many of the Atlanta images were of the Library of Congress staff. captured by Thomas E. Askew, considered to be Atlanta’s first black photographer. These items can be viewed on the Library’s website. A year earlier, Librarian of Congress Herbert Putnam asked Murray “to secure a copy of every book and pamphlet in existence, by a Negro Author, to be used in connection with the Exhibit of Negro Authorship at the Paris MORE INFORMATION Exposition of 1900, and later placed in the Library of Congress.” African American Photographs Assembled for 1900 Paris Exposition In consultation with Booker T. Washington and other African-American loc.gov/pictures/collection/anedub scholars across the country, Murray developed a list of 1,110 books and pamphlets. Approximately half of these were displayed in Paris. Murray’s Daniel A.P. Murray Pamphlet Collection pamphlet collection is accessible on the Library’s website. loc.gov/rr/rarebook/coll/165.html

6 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine November/December 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 7 technology AT THE LIBRARY

GETTING THE WHOLE PICTURE

A NEW, OVERSIZED SCANNER IS PUTTING THE LIBRARY’S COLLECTION OF PANORAMIC PHOTOGRAPHS IN FOCUS.

One of the great joys in looking at a panoramic photograph is finding small details in a picture that can be several feet in length and show an entire city, or the whole crew of a battleship. It’s an experience that’s hard to reproduce in a smaller space, such as in a book or on a computer monitor or on a magazine page. But new viewing technologies let us zoom in and pan around to see the fascinating details, on computers and mobile devices. And new scanning technologies are helping the Library produce higher-quality digital images in a single exposure.

The Library’s Panoramic Photograph Collection contains more than 4,000 of these richly detailed photographs, most from the early 20th century, when panoramas were at the height of their popularity. They include cityscapes, landscapes and group portraits from all 50 states and several other countries.

They document the nation, its enterprises and its interests such as agricultural life; beauty contests; disasters; such engineering work as bridges, canals and dams; fairs and expositions; military and naval activities, especially during World War I; the oil industry; schools and college campuses; sports; and transportation. Ranging in length from 28 inches to six feet, the panoramic photographs were acquired when photographers submitted copies of their works to the U.S. Copyright Office in the Library of Congress for copyright protection.

The Library first began reproducing the panoramas in the 1990s by taking photographs of overlapping segments and then “stitching” the sections together to show the whole image on laser videodiscs in the Prints & Photographs Division Reading Room. Later, these copy photographs were converted to digital files and re-stitched to make them accessible on the Library’s website. The process was labor-intensive and the panoramas fit nicely on a screen, but it was difficult to see small features.

Now, with a recently acquired oversized flatbed scanner, the Library is capturing entire panoramas (up to 6-½ feet long) in a single pass exposure and at higher levels of resolution, so every little detail can be seen clearly. The Library relies on standard techniques that were developed with other government imaging experts to produce the best image possible. Using an image target with fine lines and color patches, the Library can check the scanner for sharp focus and lighting balance and ensure that the colors are accurately reproduced in the scan.

—Phil Michel is the digital project coordinator in the Library’s Prints and Photographs Division.

MORE INFORMATION The image quality of the newly scanned panoramic Panoramic Photographs photograph of Buffalo, New York, showing Genesee loc.gov/collections/panoramic-photographs/about-this-collection/ and Main Streets (top photo) was greatly enhanced using a new, flatbed scanner. The circled area in the Federal Agencies Digitization Guidelines Initiative middle photo is shown below. W.H. Brandel, 1911, digitizationguidelines.gov/still-image/ Prints and Photographs Division

8 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine November/December 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 9 online OFFERINGS

The new site builds on “Women Come to the “I became so frustrated with fashions that I From left: Therese Bonney, Finland, 1940; Front,” a 1995 Library exhibition that featured wanted to prove to myself that I could do a real Frances Benjamin eight women photojournalists who covered reporting job,” Frissell said. Johnston shows children war: Therese Bonney, Toni Frissell, Marvin her Kodak camera, circa Breckinridge Patterson, Clare Boothe Luce, Janet Charlotte Brooks was only one of a handful of 1900; Charlotte Brooks Flannery, Esther Bubley, and women hired as a full-time staff photographer poses with camera May Craig. at Look magazine, where she mostly covered inside a manhole, home and family life in post-war America. Her 1957; May Craig visits the front lines of the “While preparing an overview of the Prints and work is well-represented in the Look Magazine Korean War, 1951. Photographs Division’s collections, I realized Photograph Collection in the Library of that women had played a more prominent Congress, having worked for the magazine for 20 LADIES BEHIND THE LENS communications role during the Second World years, until the publication ceased in 1971. War than seemed to be appreciated by those A NEW WEB PRESENTATION REVEALS THE WORK OF WOMEN BEHIND THE studying the era,” said Brannan, who curated the The website includes such contemporary CAMERA OVER THE PAST CENTURY. exhibition. photojournalists as Brenda Ann Kenneally, Susan Meiselas and Marilyn Nance, whose careers Clockwise from top “If one is the possessor of health and strength, because photojournalism was seen as physically In the new web presentation, Brannan began in the final decades of the 20th century. left: Esther Bubley a good news instinct ... a fair photographic demanding work considered too rough for includes gifted women from every generation Their focus is on people—like those affected by at Bayway, New outfit, and the ability to hustle, which is the women. As a result, many of the women who of photography, including some like Frances Hurricane Katrina, those forced from their homes Jersey, 1944; Marvin Benjamin Johnston and Toni Frissell, whose in Northern Iraq and working-class people in Breckinridge takes most necessary qualification, one can be a news succeeded in this field had remarkable life photographs in a river, photographer.” stories as well as skill with the camera. Brannan papers are housed in the Library of Congress. African-American communities. 1935; Marion Post explores their contributions to the field of Johnston’s family’s social position in Washington, “Photography should not be about the photographs children So said Jessie Tarbox Beals in a 1904 interview photojournalism, tracing their work behind the in Pine Mountain, D.C., gave her access to the presidential photographer,” said Meiselas when she spoke at with a St. Louis newspaper. Beals was known as camera from the advent of photojournalism Kentucky, 1940; administrations of Benjamin Harrison, Grover the Library of Congress. America’s first female news photographer because in the late 19th century up to today. The Dorothea Lange, Cleveland, William McKinley and Theodore The Buffalo Inquirer and The Courier hired biographies provide insight into the challenges California, 1936; Toni Roosevelt and other notables, which helped Yet the images produced by these women reflect Frissell in Red Cross her as a staff photographer in 1902. For most faced by women photographers as well as their launch her career as a portrait photographer and their indomitable spirit and worldview. Uniform, 1942; Jessie of her career, Beals worked as a freelance news achievements in American photojournalism. photojournalist with the Bain News Service. Her T. Beals, West Park, photographer. —Brett Carnell and Helena Zinkham of the Prints New York, 1908. interest in social justice is reflected in her images Women photojournalists had at least two things and Photographs Division contributed to this story. News photography is a great strength of the in common—they were willing to push hard to of such vocational institutions as Hampton Library’s collections (see story on page 18), succeed and they wanted to tell stories through Institute in Virginia and the Carlisle Indian but work by women photojournalists can be pictures. Beyond that, the women’s backgrounds School in Pennsylvania. In the 1910s and 1920s, hard to find among these millions of pictures. are as diverse as the subjects they documented. her photographs of estates and gardens around MORE INFORMATION A new Library web presentation, “Women the country illustrated her lecture series titled Many needed to earn a living, but quite a few Photojournalists,” sheds light on these talented “Our American Gardens.” Women Come to the Front were financially independent. Many had a college loc.gov/exhibits/wcf/ individuals through a series of 28 biographies education or formal training in art, but others Frissell is best known for her high-fashion written by Beverly Brannan, photography curator came to photography through family interests. Women Photojournalists photography for Vogue and Harper’s Bazaar. But in the Library’s Prints and Photographs Division. Several gravitated to war zones or social justice loc.gov/rr/print/coll/596_womphotoj.html during World War II, she used her connections issues, while others focused on local events and For almost 100 years, newspapers and magazines with society matrons to aggressively pursue daily life. All photos | Prints and Photographs Division relied primarily on male photographers wartime assignments at home and abroad.

10 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine November/December 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 11 THE POWER OF PHOTOGRAPHY

BY HELENA ZINKHAM From daguerreotypes to digital images, the Library’s photograph collections illustrate and inspire countless new works.

hat do Marilyn Monroe, Civil War publishing cycle, 1937-1971, the published and soldiers and the Wright Brothers unpublished photographs depict life in America have in common? Books about these over four decades. W subjects all feature photographs found at the Library of Congress. Historian Jack Larkin mined the Library’s collection for images of farmers, mill girls, Over more than 150 years, the Library has built an housemaids, gold miners, railway porters, internationally significant photography collection. cowboys, newsboys and stenographers to From the dawn of photography to today’s cell illustrate his book, “Where We Worked: A phone cameras, images in the Library’s photograph Celebration of America’s Workers and the collections help historians, students and teachers, Nation They Built.” curators, journalists, novelists and filmmakers— to name a few—understand the past and tell “I would also like to thank my unsung heroes— fascinating stories. the visual archivists and imaging specialists at the Library of Congress,” said Larkin in the The most frequent use of the Library’s more than book’s acknowledgements. “They have created an 14 million photographs is to illustrate publications, extraordinary online collection, making available which have expanded to include social media and our nation’s greatest single resource for the visual websites. And with more than 1 million of these study of the American past.” images available on the Library’s website, the images can be accessed around the globe. Novelists are also inspired by photographs. The striking face of Addie Card stimulated author Icons like Marilyn Monroe, Jacqueline and John Elizabeth Winthrop to write “Counting on F. Kennedy have remained popular subjects for Grace”—a fictional children’s story about a articles, documentaries and full-length biographies, girl who worked in a textile mill in Vermont at long after their deaths. They are well-represented the turn of the last century. The image is one in the more than 4 million images that comprise many photographed by Lewis Hine for the the Look Magazine Photograph Collection in U.S. National Child Labor Committee—the the Library of Congress. Covering the magazine’s records and photographs of which are housed in

Opposite page, from left: Photographs like this one of Marilyn Monroe taken by for Look magazine inspired a 2010 book. Look Magazine Photograph Collection Lewis Hine’s 1910 photograph of Addie Card, a child laborer in Vermont cotton mill, inspired a 2007 novel by Elizabeth Winthrop. National Child Labor Committee Collection

12 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine November/December 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 13 This Civil War era This iconic photograph the Library of Congress. To gather background honored the estimated 180,000 black soldiers depicted wounded Union soldiers in an Army pioneering plane on its cover, credits the Library’s photograph of an of Orville and Wilbur African American Union information, Winthrop hired genealogist and who fought in the Civil War by reproducing and hospital. I zoomed deep into the picture and photograph collections with launching his career. Wright’s first flight soldier with his wife journalist Joe Manning to track down what displaying life-size portraits from the Liljenquist focused on an emaciated young soldier sitting at Kitty Hawk, North and daughters is one happened to Card later in life. Manning became Collection. For the show’s signature image, the at the back of the room. His eyes pierced mine, “After seeing pictures of the 1889 flood in Carolina, on Dec.17, of many that inspired so curious about the other child laborers curator selected the rare glimpse of a Union and I wondered how he would react to a visit by Johnstown, Pennsylvania, in the Library’s Prints 1903, is pictured on a recent exhibition at photographed by Hine that he launched a soldier posed with his wife and two daughters. President Lincoln.” and Photographs Collection, I began writing my the cover of David the California African first history, ‘The Johnstown Flood’ (1968).” McCullough’s 2015 American Museum. website, called Mornings on Maple Street, biography of the Wright where his extensive research now chronicles the Documentary filmmaker Salvador Litvak To celebrate the centennial of manned, powered Liljenquist Family The ability to digitize and make its collections brothers. John T. Collection of Civil War lives of more than 150 child laborers, including was motivated to develop a new cinematic flight in 2003, several aviation groups attempted Daniels available online has allowed the Library to Photographs interviews with their descendants. “Counting technique—CineCollage—while reviewing accurate reconstructions of the 1903 Wright provide access to these valuable resources in the on Grace” is also used in the classrooms to teach the Library’s digitized Civil War photographs Brothers airplane that were capable of flying. classroom. The Library’s Teachers Page (loc.gov/ The Library’s online Civil about the plight of working children. online. Litvak created the sets for his 2013 film Their work was informed by mechanical details War photographs, like “Saving Lincoln” by filming 3D composites visible in photographs housed in the Library teachers) helps educators engage their students this one of President Always a popular research topic, the Civil War from the digital images. He captured the actors’ of Congress that were not documented in the in the curriculum through the Library’s primary and sources and photographs. The site offers primary General McClellan on continued to garner interest during its recent performances on a green screen, which allowed written records. Antietam battlefield, sesquicentennial (2011-2015). In the past six him to place them in front of the historic source sets on topics ranging from America in were used to create years since the Library acquired and displayed background. Litvak said his “a-ha!” moment Historian David McCullough—and many wartime to America’s favorite pastime—baseball. the sets for filmmaker the Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War occurred late at night while sleuthing through the other authors—have drawn on the Wright The Library is also sharing its baseball collections Salvador Litvak’s 2013 photographs, more than 30 books—and many Library’s online photographs. Brothers Papers and photographs in the film, “Saving Lincoln.” with new audiences at Nationals Park in more magazines and online resources—brought Library’s collections to write biographies of Alexander Gardiner Washington, D.C. In collaboration with the the era to life with these vivid images. In 2013, “I stared at a high resolution image of a glass the pioneer aviators. McCullough, whose latest Washington Nationals, “Baseball Americana from the California African American Museum plate negative created in 1865. The photograph book “The Wright Brothers” features a photo of

14 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine November/December 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 15 AMY PASTAN DISCUSSES THE CHALLENGES AND CORNER REWARDS OF PHOTO RESEARCH. expert’s

Growing up, I never knew that a library could contain anything other than books. But when I started a career in publishing—actually making books—I was excited to learn that libraries could also house art, photographs, maps, musical scores and posters. When I moved to Washington, D.C., decades ago, I was delighted to discover that the Library of Congress had this wealth of material packed into just a few buildings on Capitol Hill (as well as a few off-site facilities). It was fertile ground for an aspiring photo editor.

I currently freelance for a diverse array of authors, publishers and institutions (including the Library of Congress), so I frequently conduct my research in the Library’s collections. My clients not only seek historically accurate material to illustrate their texts, but also want rare, unpublished images. shawn Miller In an age when a Google search nets millions of photo files on one’s home computer, I tend to eschew web offerings for lesser-known archival The task of researching generally begins online, gems. For a volume about George Gershwin, where I consult finding aids to Library holdings. Detailing the contents and location of specific This 1936 photograph I found his original player-piano rolls in the of President Franklin Library’s Music Division. For a book about collections, these aids are essential to negotiating D. Roosevelt tossing Marilyn Monroe, I sat in the Manuscript an intimidating amount of archival material. out the first ball in Division and pored through the personal letters Assessing the copyright status of collection Washington, D.C.’s of photographer John Vachon, who shot photos Griffith Stadium is material is also a critical task. For the Look of the actress on location during the filming of one of the Library’s project, the rights to each image varied depending “River of No Return.” In the Geography and collection items on the photographer. Every Library collection featured in a baseball Map Division and in the Rare Book and Special has different guidelines for access and photo exhibition at Nationals Collections Division I’ve accessed maps from editors need to identify rights-holders and clear Park. Harris & Ewing the Revolutionary War, campaign buttons from the Library of Congress” opened at Nationals The Library of Congress invites you to join the permissions. Often, Library of Congress reference President Lincoln’s first term, suffragists’ diaries Baseball Americana Park in April 2015 and remains on view. conversation on its Flickr and Instagram sites. specialists can help, but it’s ultimately the and rare cookbooks. And while the Library offers display at Nationals View the national picture collection any time— researcher’s responsibility. Park | Courtesy The The popular photo-sharing site Flickr also allows online or in-person at the Library of Congress in many digitized holdings online, I often search Washington Nationals the Library to reach new and diverse audiences Washington, D.C.—to find a piece of your family out collections that exist solely in their original, My clients are generally impressed by what I turn through its photographs. The site has enriched history, a new understanding of the past or fresh pixel-less form. up at the Library of Congress. But sometimes the Library’s photograph collections by opening inspiration for your own creative endeavors. they have unrealistic expectations. I’ve been asked The Look Magazine Collection in the Prints and a dialogue with end users who have “tagged” or for photographs of George Washington (who Photographs Division is a fine example. A few commented on the images. Since 2008 when died well before photography was invented) and a MORE INFORMATION years ago I was hired by the Library’s Publishing the Flickr Commons project started, the Library unicorn (a nonexistent mythological beast). And Office to provide photographs for a book called has received identifying information for many some believe that everything “old” is free. In the View the Library’s photo collections “The Forgotten Fifties,” using images taken by thousands of photographs. Users have also era of Instagram, I’m here to remind them that loc.gov/photos/collections/ Look staff. The archive consists primarily of submitted their own photographs to show how all has not been documented and that there are black-and-white contact sheets and color slides— historic sites look today, and many have expressed Follow the Library on Flickr and Instagram limits to what may be shared. their appreciation for the rich images mounted flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/ millions of them—that have yet to be digitized. on the site by the Library. The Library’s most instagram.com/librarycongress/ So, with loupe, gloves, light table and a camera, But the struggle to find rare and unique images popular collection on Flickr remains the color I spent many months evaluating images taken for publication is well worth the effort—the proof photography from the and on almost every day of the year from 1950-59. is on the page. All photos unless otherwise noted | Prints and Photographs Division World War II. Whittling down the images for the book to the desired 200 pictures was painful, but we ended up —Amy Pastan is an independent editor, photo Helena Zinkham is director of the Library’s Collections and Services Directorate and chief of the with rarely seen or never-published photographs researcher, writer and book producer who has Prints and Photographs Division. that perfectly illustrate the text. contributed to hundreds of published works.

16 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine November/December 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 17 Above: South Africa’s From left: Bodies President Nelson Mandela WITNESSES TO HISTORY joins members of the of Confederate artillerymen lay near Congressional Black the Dunker Church THE LIBRARY’S DOCUMENTARY PHOTOGRAPH COLLECTIONS Caucus, 1994. Maureen after the Battle of PROVIDE A RICH, VISUAL RECORD OF THE PAST CENTURY. Keating, CQ Roll Call Antietam, 1862. Photograph Collection Alexander Gardner BY BARBARA ORBACH NATANSON Roger Fenton captured this image of mortar batteries Since the advent of photography in the 19th century, people have recognized the power of during the Crimean images to communicate. In each generation, photographers have provided visual testimony War, 1855. Roger Fenton Crimean War of noteworthy and everyday events. Viewed as a whole, the Library’s documentary and Photograph Collection photojournalism collections offer a visual timeline covering more than a century.

SURVEYING LAND AND PEOPLE

The post-Civil War period saw expanding use of glass negatives, making color images of From left: Sergei M. Prokudin-Gorskii shot the camera to document territories and peoples. landscapes, architecture and people from that this view of Russia’s In 1867, Alexander Gardner photographed the era accessible to modern viewers. Belaya River in color, western frontier as a field photographer for the 1910. Prokudin-Gorskii Union Pacific Railroad. His stereographic images Lewis Hine (1874-1940) used his camera Collection bring scenery and people to life when viewed in to document the need for social reform. Government employee 3-D through a stereograph viewer. Working for the National Child Labor Committee in the early-20th century, Hine’s Ella Watson standing with mop and broom in front The U.S. government sponsored photographic photographs and detailed captions eloquently of American flag, 1942. A real-life “Rosie the surveys as part of several 19th-century conveyed the plight of child workers. Riveter” works on a DOCUMENTING WAR “Vengeance” dive exploratory expeditions led by Clarence King and the Confederacy on a grand scale. Under the auspices of a succession of View of downtown bomber at Vultee Some of the earliest large-scale documentary and George M. Wheeler. Stereographic Detroit’s John R Street, Aircraft Plant in projects were records of war. Roger Fenton’s Brady supervised a corps of traveling photographs by Timothy O’Sullivan, William government agencies (Resettlement 2003 | Camilo J. Vergara Nashville, Tennessee, Crimean War photographs represent one of the photographers and bought photos from private Bell and Andrew J. Russell allowed the public to Administration; Farm Security Collection 1943. Alfred T. earliest such efforts. During the spring of 1855, photographers fresh from the battlefield. Brady see parts of the continent that few had witnessed Administration; Office of War Information), Palmer, Farm Security Fenton produced 360 photographs of the allied shocked America by displaying Alexander first-hand. headed perhaps the best-known Administration/ Office armies and British military camps. Gardner’s and James Gibson’s graphic documentary effort of the 20th century. of War Information photographs of the bloody Antietam battlefield. The drive to survey vast territories Beginning in 1935, Stryker’s photo unit Collection. With the outbreak of the The New York Times said Brady “[brought] photographically was an international one. employed at various times photographers in 1861, photographer Mathew Brady planned home to us the terrible reality and earnestness Using emerging technological advances in color such as Walker Evans, Dorothea Lange, to document the conflict between the Union of war.” photography, Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin- Russell Lee, , , Gorskii (1863-1944) documented expanses of Jack Delano, , Gordon the Russian Empire between 1909 and 1915. Parks, John Vachon and Carl Mydans, The Library has digitized his 1,902 triple-frame first documenting Depression-era rural

18 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine November/December 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 19 dislocation and the lives of sharecroppers in the to document the nation’s changing landscape. South, as well as conditions in the mid-western Highsmith has described her sense of urgency in From left: Members and western states. They went on to capture documenting aspects of American life that are of the picket line developments throughout the U.S. as the country disappearing, such as barns, lighthouses, motor during the garment mobilized for World War II. The project yielded courts and eclectic roadside art. Vergara began workers strike in more than 170,000 negatives that document photographing America’s in the 1970s with a , 1910, many aspects of American life. focus on continuity and change. He explains, “My Bain News Service, work asks basic questions: what was this place in George Grantham Contemporary photographers such as Carol Bain Collection the past, who uses it now and what are its current M. Highsmith and Camilo Vergara continue prospects?”

Television host Ed the course of the first half of the 20th century. In recent years, the Library has acquired Sullivan on stage The National Photo Company subscription the photograph collections of Roll Call and with the Beatles, service, operated by Herbert French, generated Congressional Quarterly, two publications that 1965 | New York more than 35,000 photographs starting around cover activities on Capitol Hill. Comprising World-Telegram and 1909 and continuing into the early 1930s. more than 300,000 black-and-white and color the Sun Newspaper photographs, the images were taken between Photograph Collection Pictorial publishing expanded in popular 1988 and 2000. magazines like Look. The Library of Congress acquired Look’s photographic archives when Through the Library’s commitment to the magazine ceased publication in 1971. preservation and access, these photographs, and President John F. NEWS—AND PHOTOGRAPHS—FIT TO PRINT The black-and-white and color images— all others in its custody, will continue to move Kennedy on the Jan. many unpublished—invite exploration of the and inform generations to come. 2, 1962, cover of personalities and pastimes of the 1950s and Look Magazine | Aided by the development of halftone technology and corresponding prints, taken primarily in the Stanley Tretick, Look at the end of the 19th century, newspapers and 1910s and 1920s, richly document sports events, 1960s. Magazine Photograph MORE INFORMATION magazines could reproduce photographs more theater, celebrities, crime, strikes, disasters, public Similarly, the archives amassed by the New York Collection easily and cheaply. celebrations and political activities, including the World-Telegram & the Sun Newspaper and View the Library’s Photograph Collections Arnold woman suffrage campaign. the U.S. News & World Report organizations, loc.gov/pictures/collections/ Schwarzenegger George Grantham Bain, known as the “father of news photography,” recognized the hunger Soon joining Bain were two news photo together comprising more than 2.2 million participates in the images, include many more photographs than Prints and Photographs Division President’s Council for pictorial news in the first decade of the businesses that took advantage of their proximity loc.gov/rr/print on Physical Fitness 20th century. Bain employed photographers to to the nation’s capital. The studio of George W. the publications used. They document major and Sports, 1991. world crises as well as passing fancies of the 20th capture newsworthy photos that he distributed Harris & Martha Ewing specialized in portrait All photos | Prints and Photographs Division Maureen Keating, CQ to subscribing publications and, in turn collected and news photography in Washington, D.C. century. Roll Call Photograph Collection photographs from them. The Bain Collection, More than 40,000 photographs show many comprising more than 40,000 glass negatives aspects of the nation’s political and social life over Barbara Orbach Natanson is head of the Reference Section in the Library’s Prints and Photographs Division.

20 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine November/December 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 21 my job AT THE LIBRARY favorite PLACES MARI NAKAHARA DISCUSSES HER JOB AS CURATOR OF ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING.

How would you describe your work at the Library?

Like other Library curators, I am responsible for building the collection. Acquiring new items for the Prints and Photographs Division is very satisfying, but it is also more complicated than one might expect. It requires an in-depth knowledge of the existing collection holdings, Library-wide collection development policies, MORE INFORMATION: research trends and rights-agreement issues, Location: among other concerns. Shawn Miller James Madison How did you prepare for your current position? Memorial Building and Photographs Division. These include the Room 337 drawings of many of the most distinguished I received a Ph.D. in architectural design and 101 Independence figures in the field such as Richard Morris Hunt, history in my native Japan. My dissertation on Ave. S.E. the first American architect who studied at McKim, Mead & White, a New York-based Washington, D.C. École des Beaux-Arts, as well as the innovative architectural firm from the late 19th to early 20540 20th century, required me to access their original furniture and house designs by Charles and Ray Eames from the mid-1900s. Hunt designed documents held in the U.S. The beauty and Hours: significant structures such as the pedestal of rich information in those original, historical Monday through Friday, the Statue of Liberty and the Biltmore Estate documents was a powerful magnet that led me 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. and is considered a leading figure in American to change my career, leaving academia to become (Closed weekends and architectural history. an architectural archivist. I received a Fulbright federal holidays) Fellowship that made it possible for me to intern The Historic American Buildings Survey, the at Columbia University’s Avery Architectural Historic American Engineering Record and the Reference Assistance: Archives and the . In Historic American Landscapes Survey are the (202) 707-6394 2000, I decided to immigrate to the U.S. to most popular design collections. They document loc.gov/rr/refcorr.html pursue my goal of working at an architectural sites throughout the U.S. and its territories— repository, because this profession was not yet ranging from one-room schoolhouses to available in Japan. structures designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. My first full-time job at the American What are some of the most memorable items in Architectural Foundation brought me to the Library’s design collection? Washington, D.C., in 2003. Four years later, I was hired as a librarian in the Asian Division of The collection holds many memorable treasures. the Library of Congress and I acquired a Library It is hard to pick a few because each has its

Science degree at nearby Catholic University own fascinating story. Among the highlights Shawn Miller of America. I was honored to be hired as the are the competition drawings for the Vietnam curator of the Library’s architecture, design and Veterans Memorial, which includes Maya Lin’s THE PRINTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS READING engineering collections last year when Ford images. These include photographs, fine and winning design. Created at the age of 21, her ROOM Peatross, my predecessor, retired after 40 years of entry was done as an undergraduate student provides public access to the collections popular prints and drawings, posters, and service. project at Yale University. The world of design and services of the Prints & Photographs architectural and engineering drawings. More Division. Pictured here with a stereograph than 1 million images are accessible online. What is the size and scope of the Library’s drawings and photographs constantly surprises viewer in the foreground, the reading room is While international in scope, the collections architecture, design and engineering people because it covers so many more subjects open to patrons age 16 and over with a reader are particularly rich in materials produced collections? than one might expect. registration card. The Prints & Photographs in, or documenting the history of the United MORE INFORMATION collections today number more than 15 million States and the American people. More than 4 million items pertaining to the subjects of architecture, design and Center for Architecture, Design and Engineering engineering are housed in the Library’s Prints loc.gov/rr/print/adecenter/adecent.html

22 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine November/December 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 23 around THE LIBRARY news BRIEFS

LIBRARY ANNOUNCES 2016-2017 MAJOR EXHIBITION ON CONCERT SEASON WORLD WAR I IN 2017 The 2016-2017 season of “Concerts from the The Library of Congress—which holds the largest Library of Congress” features offerings from multi-format collection of materials on the American classical, jazz, pops, American musical theater, and experience in World War I—will present a major more. The 65-event series, which runs through May exhibition in 2017 to commemorate the centennial 2017, includes concerts; lecture; interviews and of The Great War. The United States’ involvement in panels with artists, composers and scholars; film war began on April 6, 1917, when the U.S. Congress screenings and book talks that bring the diversity formally declared war on the German Empire, of the Library of Congress Music Division’s rich and concluded Nov. 11, 1918, with the armistice collections to life in performance and conversation. agreement.

Topics range from Rachmaninoff to heavy metal. The exhibition will examine the upheaval of world 1 2 The series, which is made possible through the war, as Americans experienced it—domestically and generous support of endowments given to the overseas. The exhibition will open in the Library’s Library by private donors, is presented free of Thomas Jefferson Building in early April 2017 and charge to the public but requires tickets for close in January 2019. Initially, it will feature 200 admission. Tickets are distributed via the free items, with items rotated into the display during its Eventbrite mobile app for iOS or Android devices 18-month run. Items include correspondence, music, (Eventbrite.com) or via loc.gov/concerts/. A film, recorded sound, diaries, posters, photographs, calendar listing with details of each concert can be scrapbooks, medals, maps and artifacts. The collections found at loc.gov/concerts/. of the Veterans History Project will be interwoven MORE: loc.gov/today/pr/2016/16-133.html throughout the exhibition to give voice to the wartime experiences of those who served. MORE: loc.gov/today/pr/2016/16-129.html GRANT RECIPIENTS FOR EDUCATIONAL APP DEVELOPMENT 4 5 CHRONICLING AMERICA EXPANSION The Library of Congress has selected two organizations to receive a total of $489,219 during New digital content is now available in Chronicling 3 the next two years to support the development of America, the open access database of historic U.S. engaging web- and mobile-based applications on newspapers that is part of the National Digital the subjects of Congress and civic participation, Newspaper Program (NDNP), a joint venture of the 1. Chief Justice of the United States John G. Roberts National Endowment for the Humanities and Library Jr. swears in Carla Hayden as 14th Librarian of for use in K-12 classrooms. These applications will of Congress. Congress on Lincoln’s Bible, held by her mother, as be made available to teachers and students at no Speaker of the House of Representatives Paul Ryan charge. iCivics of Cambridge, Massachusetts, and The new content is from 18th-century newspapers looks on. Shawn Miller Bean Creative of Alexandria, Virginia, were chosen from the three early capitals of the United States: by panels of individuals with content and technical New York City, Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. 2. Author Stephen King gives the headline presentation expertise from government agencies, non-profit At nearly 15,000 pages total, these early newspapers at the National Book Festival Main Stage on Sept. 24. organizations, universities and the Library of Shawn Miller from the earliest days of the country are part of the Congress. database because of an expansion of the chronological 3. Arlene Balkansky of the Serial and Government The selectees will work with the Library’s Teaching scope of NDNP. The program is expanding its current Division speaks with visitors at the Library’s fall open with Primary Sources (TPS) program to develop time window of the years 1836-1922, to include house on Columbus Day. Shawn Miller the online interactives and mobile apps. They will digitized newspapers from the years 1690-1963. The expansion will further the program goal of capturing 4. National Ambassador for Young Peoples Literature use and incorporate not only the Library’s online Gene Luen Yang engages young people at the 2016 6 primary sources, but also many other resources the richness and diversity of our nation’s history in an National Book Festival. David Rice available from the Library. Congress has allocated open access database, which anyone can use. additional funds to the TPS program to increase MORE: loc.gov/today/pr/2016/16-145.html 5. Minister of Culture of the People’s Republic of 6. Actor and author Jamie Lee Curtis visits the Young competitive opportunities for developing online China Luo Shugang looks at “The Map of Yangzhou Readers Center for story time with students from Moten interactives and apps for classroom use, focused on Prefecture” during a tour of the Library. Shawn Miller Elementary School in Washington, D.C. Shawn Miller Congress and civic participation. MORE: loc.gov/today/pr/2016/16-126.html

24 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine November/December 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 25 shop THE LIBRARY support THE LIBRARY THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS SHOP offers many items drawn from PHOTO CREDIT the Library’s rich photographic collections. GENEROUS DONATIONS FROM PRIVATE AND PUBLIC DONORS ENHANCE THE LIBRARY’S PHOTOGRAPHIC RESOURCES.

Library of Congress collections—including visual images—are the product of more than two centuries of collaboration between the Congress, an international community of creators and donors and the people of the United States.

The copyright act of 1870 centralized all U.S. copyright activity in the Library of Congress, making the Library the sole repository of works copyrighted in America. Creative works— Photographer Alice including photographs—deposited as part of Kandell | Alice S. the copyright registration process became a rich Kandell Collection of source of material for the Library’s collections. Sikkim Photographs, Prints and Photographs In 1926, the Library acquired its first Division photographs: two important groups of works “Facing Change: Documenting America” Camera Lens Tumbler The Photographs of Esther Bubley from the estates of influential Clarence White became part of India. Her donation of more Product # 211071659 Product # 21509681 Price: $9.95 than 5,000 color slides and black-and-white Price: $60 Price: $16.95 and Gertrude Käsebier. Although the Library had by this time amassed substantial holdings photographs provides a copyright-free resource This collection of images by award-winning A telephoto lens inspired this 10-oz. The “Fields of Vision” series covers the careers of for researchers to study a vanishing culture. photographers tells the story of today’s America. tumbler. nine documentary photographers. in documentary photographs, these acquisitions marked its recognition of their artistic value. In recent years, a gift from the Liljenquist In the 1930s, the Carnegie Corporation provided family has enriched the Library’s images of the funds to establish at the Library a national American Civil War. Their generous donation repository for photographic negatives of early of more than 1,300 ambrotype and tintype American architecture, now called the Pictorial photographs features high quality images Archives of Early American Architecture. This carefully selected for the telling details in facial development encouraged one of the nation’s finest expressions, poses, weaponry and uniforms. The garden and architectural photographers, Frances Liljenquist Family Collection shows both Union Benjamin Johnston, to deposit her archive with and Confederate soldiers during the American the Library. Johnston’s action set an important Civil War. The emphasis on young enlisted men precedent for donations of architectural and their families fills a major gap in the Library’s photographs by photographers, their families documentation of this era. and their sponsors, among them Gertrude Similarly, a recent gift of more than 250 Wittemann, Theodor Horydczak, Joseph E. photographs from the family of the famed Seagram and Sons, and Carol M. Highsmith. photojournalist CHIM (David Seymour) shed In 1944, the combined photographic archives light on another civil war. The collection enriches of two landmark photographic documentation the Library’s holdings with vintage and modern projects carried out successively within prints showing many aspects of the Spanish Civil two federal agencies—the Farm Security War and life in Mexico after the war. Administration (FSA) and the Office of War MORE INFORMATION “The Forgotten Fifties” “Great Photographs from the “Gardens for a Beautiful America” Information (OWI)—were placed by executive Product # 21107047 Library of Congress” Product # 21107153 order under the administration of the Library of Donate Books and Other Materials Price: $0.99 Price: $79 Price: $29.99 Congress. The FSA-OWI archives provide an loc.gov/acq/donatex.html 202.707.0792 unparalleled record of the everyday experience Inquiries to: [email protected] Drawn from Library’s collection of Look More than 700 images from the Library’s This volume presents 250 color photographs of a broad spectrum of Americans in the period magazine photographs, these images photographic collections are included in this of urban and suburban gardens by Frances 1935-43. capture the 1950s. e-book. Benjamin Johnston. Make a Gift to the Library 202.707.2777 During the 1960s and 1970s, Alice S. Kandell loc.gov/donate MORE INFORMATION | Order online: loc.gov/shop | Order by phone: 888.682.3557 photographed Sikkim, a Himalayan nation that

26 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine November/December 2016 | loc.gov/lcm 27 28 last LCM

| L ibrary WORD of

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Louis Volkmann loc.gov/rr/print/coll/camilo-vergara-photographs.html View CamiloVergara’s photographs online Age”Industrial documents inphotographs the city thepast over 25years. Camilo Vergara’s Bones: book new isNo Dry the “Detroit of The EternalCity archive andgave home. itapermanent ofCongress, by and mostrecently fellowship theLibrary acquired which my Bend, inSouth Pieroni family Indiana, thenthrough myaward ofaMacArthur years ago toattendNotre Dame, Ihave beenwelcomed many times—first by the coming bySince bananaboatfrom mynative Chiletothe Port ofBaltimore 51 be seeninthedistance. and,New Jersey withthem, can thecomplex inwhich often skyline theevolving In themeantime, Icontinue ofNew todocumenttheneighborhoods York and One World Trade Center, known astheFreedom initially Tower, now dominates. Complex ofsuper-tall, thelimelight. glassybuildingsreclaims Opened in2014, context.in theirwiderurban moves on asthenew The city World Trade Center 2001,In theyears after Ipublishedmyphotographs ofthe World Trade Center lotsintheforeground,vacant andbeyond, withthetowers. afading skyline pictures neighborhoods, thatshowed struggling railroad yards andlonely gritty housing projects inManhattan, Brooklyn, Bronx andNewark, NewJersey. Itook became. from public Manhattanskyline high-rise Iphotographed theLower moved away from theneighborhoods, thesimplerandmore dominant thetowers World Trade Centersometimes appeared inthebackground. one The farther In mypre-2001 photographs ofNew York City’s low-income communities, the In citieslikeDetroit andBaltimore, isagrowing farming urban phenomenon. istakingplace inHarlem,gentrification Los Angeles andBrooklyn. downtown publichousingdevelopments. ofhigh-rise the disappearance Large-scale andsignage.clinics Inmostcitiesthroughout theU.S., Ihave witnessed time sequences, Ihave asfortification, followed developments such methadone racial andethnictransitions aswell asthespreadfollow ofgentrification. Using asmurals, fabric urban storefront churches, homes, andfuneral barbershops I and religious architecture. ofthe ofmydocumentation parts ofsuch Aspart ruins, topicsasurban withsuch of theinnercity theNew York subway City and the World Trade Center. forms theevolving Inmonographs Ihave surveyed In books andexhibitions, Ihave publishedmywork on Chicago, Harlem, Detroit people Iinterviewed. visittheplaces Idocumentandsometimes speakwiththe can even in America seeing myarchive, peoplewhoare interested inpoor, segregated communities a year aweek for orlonger, theirevolution. takingphotographs thattrack After Oakland, Richmond, Angeles andCompton. Los Ivisitthesecitiesatleastonce Newark, Camden, Philadelphia, Detroit, Chicago, andinCalifornia’s Gary I have been photographing poor, inNew neighborhoods York minority City, toexplore thequestionexist mainly ofwhatisgoing tohappeninthatspot. re-photograph andmydesire asenseofcompleteness. for Myimages ofaplace of myengagement withtheinnercity, theselection ofplaces tophotograph and This approach,“Trackingcall I which Time,” isdefined bythelengthand breadth in decades, notfractions ofseconds. create places, visiblenarratives aboutchanging revealed by stories timemeasured aboutghettoneighborhoods.sequences ofimages stories thattell Iwantedto In 1977, ofdoingtraditional adecade street photography, after Ibegancreating DOCUMENT PEOPLEANDPLACESOVERTIME. PHOTOGRAPHER CAMILO VERGARADISCUSSESHISUSEOFTHECAMERA TO

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exhibitions AT THE LIBRARY

World War I: American Artists View the Great War Through May 6, 2017

#Opera Before Instagram: Portraits, 1890 –1955 Through Jan. 8, 2017

America Reads Through Dec. 31, 2016

MORE INFORMATION: loc.gov/exhibits/