Calvert Watkins
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Indo-European Linguistics: an Introduction Indo-European Linguistics an Introduction
This page intentionally left blank Indo-European Linguistics The Indo-European language family comprises several hun- dred languages and dialects, including most of those spoken in Europe, and south, south-west and central Asia. Spoken by an estimated 3 billion people, it has the largest number of native speakers in the world today. This textbook provides an accessible introduction to the study of the Indo-European proto-language. It clearly sets out the methods for relating the languages to one another, presents an engaging discussion of the current debates and controversies concerning their clas- sification, and offers sample problems and suggestions for how to solve them. Complete with a comprehensive glossary, almost 100 tables in which language data and examples are clearly laid out, suggestions for further reading, discussion points and a range of exercises, this text will be an essential toolkit for all those studying historical linguistics, language typology and the Indo-European proto-language for the first time. james clackson is Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge, and is Fellow and Direc- tor of Studies, Jesus College, University of Cambridge. His previous books include The Linguistic Relationship between Armenian and Greek (1994) and Indo-European Word For- mation (co-edited with Birgit Anette Olson, 2004). CAMBRIDGE TEXTBOOKS IN LINGUISTICS General editors: p. austin, j. bresnan, b. comrie, s. crain, w. dressler, c. ewen, r. lass, d. lightfoot, k. rice, i. roberts, s. romaine, n. v. smith Indo-European Linguistics An Introduction In this series: j. allwood, l.-g. anderson and o.¨ dahl Logic in Linguistics d. -
1974-75. INSTITUTION Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C.; Linguistic Society of America, Washington, D.C
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 107 131 FL 006 895 TITLE Guide to Programs in Linguistics: 1974-75. INSTITUTION Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C.; Linguistic Society of America, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 75 NOTE . 235p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.76 HC-$12.05 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS *College Language Programs; *College Program;Course Descriptions; Degrees (Titles); Financial Support; Higher Education; Language Instruction; *Linguistics; *Program Descriptions; *Program Guides; Summer Institutes; Uncommonly Taught Languages; Universities ABSTRACT This is a current guide to linguisticsprograms in the United States and Canada. One hundred and sixty-seven institutions are listed which offer fiveor more courses broadly defined as "linguistics" and which also offera degree in linguistics or a degree in another area with a major or minor in linguistics. The institutions' are listed in alphabetical order and under eachentry is given all or part of the following information:name of department, program, etc., and-chairman; a brief description of the program and facilities; course offerings or courseareas; staff; financial support available; academic calendar for 1974-75,;name and address the office from which to obtain brochures, catalogues,etc. Information about annual summer institutes is given in AppendixA. Appendix B is a tabular index of universities and their degree offerings, arranged by state, and Appendix C lists schools which teach at least three courses in linguistics. AppendixD is an index of uncommonly-taught languages indicating which institutionsoffer instruction in them. Appendix E is an index of staff, and AppendixF is an index of linguistis in other departments. (Author/AM) c, Guide toPrograms In Linguistics: E.4.1.1.4 ^EL. -
D101 Forewordtoanessay.Pdf (927.5Kb)
A foreword to an essay by Charles de Lamberterie The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Nagy, Gregory. 2017.11.17. "A foreword to an essay by Charles de Lamberterie." Classical Inquiries. http://nrs.harvard.edu/ urn-3:hul.eresource:Classical_Inquiries. Published Version https://classical-inquiries.chs.harvard.edu/draft-of-a-foreword-to- an-essay-by-charles-de-lamberterie/ Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:40827372 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Classical Inquiries Editors: Angelia Hanhardt and Keith Stone Consultant for Images: Jill Curry Robbins Online Consultant: Noel Spencer About Classical Inquiries (CI ) is an online, rapid-publication project of Harvard’s Center for Hellenic Studies, devoted to sharing some of the latest thinking on the ancient world with researchers and the general public. While articles archived in DASH represent the original Classical Inquiries posts, CI is intended to be an evolving project, providing a platform for public dialogue between authors and readers. Please visit http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.eresource:Classical_Inquiries for the latest version of this article, which may include corrections, updates, or comments and author responses. Additionally, many of the studies published in CI will be incorporated into future CHS pub- lications. Please visit http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.eresource:CHS.Online_Publishing for a complete and continually expanding list of open access publications by CHS. -
Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans by Calvert Watkins
Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans by Calvert Watkins The Comparative Method Indo-European is the name given for geographic reasons to the large and well-defined linguistic family that includes most of the languages of Europe, past and present, as well as those found in a vast area extending across Iran and Afghanistan to the northern half of the Indian subcontinent. In modern times the family has spread by colonization throughout the Western Hemisphere. A curious byproduct of the age of colonialism and mercantilism was the introduction of Sanskrit in the 18th century to European intellectuals and scholars long familiar with Latin and Greek and with the European languages of culture — Romance, Germanic, and Slavic. The comparison of the classical language of India with the two classical languages of Europe revolutionized the perception of linguistic relationships. Speaking to the Asiatick Society in Calcutta on February 2, 1786, the English Orientalist and jurist Sir William Jones (1746-1794) uttered his now famous pronouncement: The Sanskrit language, whatever be its antiquity, is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs and in the forms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident; so strong, indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists. Of course, the fact that certain languages present similarities among themselves does not necessarily mean they are related. -
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Philology as rhetoric in Emily Dickinson's poems. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Hallen, Cynthia Leah. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 29/09/2021 04:06:13 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185586 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. -
Review of ML West, Indo-European Poetry and Myth
Review of M. L. West, Indo-European Poetry and Myth (Oxford 2007). The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Gregory Nagy. 2008. Review of M. L. West, Indo-European Poetry and Myth (Oxford 2007). Indo-European Studies Bulletin 13, 60–65. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12305812 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP Review of M.L. West, Indo-European Poetry and Myth (Oxford 2007) Gregory Nagy [[This review was first published in Indo-European Studies Bulletin 13 (2008) 60– 65.]] West’s book is most useful for researchers in the Classics and in Indo-European studies. I have produced two different and mutually complementary reviews of it, one for Classicists and one for Indo-Europeanists, with the collegial permission of the book- review editors of Classical Review and Indo-European Studies Bulletin. In the present review for IESB, I concentrate on the usefulness of the book for those who are already well versed in Indo-European studies. The book offers a synthesis of research done by Indo-Europeanists on poetic and mythmaking traditions as reflected in Indo-European languages. As such, it rivals other recent books about these traditions. Readers of the IESB will not need to be reminded of the more general book of Jaan Puhvel (1987) or of the more eclectic book of Calvert Watkins (1995). -
Ancient Anatolian Languages and Cultures in Contact: Some Methodological Observations1
Paola Cotticelli-Kurras†, Federico Giusfredi‡ † (University of Verona, Italy; [email protected]) ‡ (University of Verona, Italy; [email protected]) Ancient Anatolian languages and cultures in contact: some methodological observations1 In this paper, we will review the methodological and theoretical frameworks that have been developed to deal with the study of language contact and linguistic areas. We have tried to apply these methods to ancient contexts to check the existence of conditions for identifying language areas. Finally, we will provide examples of the combined linguistic and cultural-historical approach to ancient contact areas for phenomena in reciprocal direction, with particular ref- erence to the case of the Aegean and Ancient Near Eastern context of Ancient Anatolia. Keywords: Anatolian languages, language contact, cuneiform, cultural contact, linguistic areas. 1. Language contact, linguistic area and other related concepts In the last years, several scholars have discussed the contact between Ancient Anatolian lan- guages and some neighboring ones, including Greek and a number of Ancient Near Eastern ones, as indicative of a “linguistic area”, due to the fact that more general cultural contact be- tween language groups is a sign of the presence of linguistic areas. In order to successfully as- sess these approaches, it is appropriate to take into consideration the linguistic framework of reference. In the 1920s, Trubetzkoy (1928) 2 proposed the expression Sprachbund, “language league”, to describe the fact that unrelated languages could converge at the level of their structures fol- lowing intense contact. He took as example the almost prototypical area of the Balkans. The concept of Sprachbund has been coined to underline the evidence that languages can share similarities even though they are not genetically related. -
Milman Parry and AL Kroeber: Americanist Anthropology and The
Oral Tradition, 16/1 (2001): 58-84 Milman Parry and A. L. Kroeber: Americanist Anthropology and the Oral Homer John F. García The view of Homer which . was to render earlier scholarship obsolete . was apparently arrived at by the reaction of an unusual mind to the text of Homer: nothing in Parry’s background (middle-class, not particularly intellectual, Welsh Quaker origins), nor in the place where he was born and lived until he went to France in 1923 . makes that reaction likely. Parry’s teachers in Greek at the University of California included two of the finest Hellenists of their generation, George Calhoun (1888-1942) and Ivan Linforth (b. 1879). Both men knew Homer well and had a sensitive understanding of his poetry. But they were not the source of any of Parry’s specific ideas. His work was as much a surprise to them as to the rest of the world. The mind that presented Homer to the world as the singer of traditional poetry was itself the product of no traditions. A. Parry 1971:xxii-xxiii Introduction Milman Parry’s mythic reputation derives from the brilliance of his scholarship, the suaveness of his rhetoric, a mysterious and untimely death, and above all his standing as a revered ancestor of American Homeric scholarship in the predominant form it now takes. Adam Parry’s words enhance the sense of something unaccountable, even miraculous, in his father’s genius; yet we can read them today, if we want to take the study of intellectual history seriously, only with a skeptical eye. -
The Comparative Method: Simplicity + Power = Results
THE COMPARATIVE METHOD: SIMPLICITY + POWER = RESULTS EL MÉTODO COMPARATIVO: SIMPLICIDAD + PODER EXPLICATIVO = RESULTADOS Brian D. Joseph The Ohio State University [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0001-7803-2772 DOI: 10.1387/veleia.16817 Abstract: Since its introduction to the methodological tools available to historical linguists, the Comparative Method (CM) has proven to be one of the most powerful and enduring methods used, despite its apparent simplicity. In this paper, the bases for the CM are explored and, by way of demonstrating its utility and power, illustrative examples are provided of its application at all levels of linguistic analysis and of its extension even into cultural spheres. Keywords: Comparative Method; Indo-European; reconstruction; comparative grammar; comparative law. Resumen: Desde su introducción como herramienta metodológica disponible para la Lingüística histórica, el Método Comparativo ha demostrado ser uno de los métodos usados más potentes y duraderos, a pesar de su aparente simplicidad. En este artículo, se exploran las bases para el Método Comparativo y, con el fin de demostrar su utilidad y poder explica- tivo, se proporcionan ejemplos ilustrativos de su aplicación en todos los niveles del análisis lingüístico y de su extensión, incluso, hacia ámbitos culturales. Palabras clave: Método Comparativo, indoeuropeo, reconstrucción, gramática comparada, ley comparada. Recibido: 22-3-2016 Informado: 6-6-2016 Definitivo: 10-6-2016 1. Introduction Franz Bopp’s work on Indo-European grammar, as embodied especially in his 1816 work Über das Konjugationssystem der sanscrit Sprache in Vergleichung mit jenem der griechischen, lateinischen, persischen und germanischen Sprachen, is rightly regarded as the first application of the Comparative Method in linguistics1. -
4 the History of Linguistics
The History of Linguistics 81 4 The History of Linguistics LYLE CAMPBELL 1 Introduction Many “histories” of linguistics have been written over the last two hundred years, and since the 1970s linguistic historiography has become a specialized subfield, with conferences, professional organizations, and journals of its own. Works on the history of linguistics often had such goals as defending a particu- lar school of thought, promoting nationalism in various countries, or focuss- ing on a particular topic or subfield, for example on the history of phonetics. Histories of linguistics often copied from one another, uncritically repeating popular but inaccurate interpretations; they also tended to see the history of linguistics as continuous and cumulative, though more recently some scholars have stressed the discontinuities. Also, the history of linguistics has had to deal with the vastness of the subject matter. Early developments in linguistics were considered part of philosophy, rhetoric, logic, psychology, biology, pedagogy, poetics, and religion, making it difficult to separate the history of linguistics from intellectual history in general, and, as a consequence, work in the history of linguistics has contributed also to the general history of ideas. Still, scholars have often interpreted the past based on modern linguistic thought, distorting how matters were seen in their own time. It is not possible to understand developments in linguistics without taking into account their historical and cultural contexts. In this chapter I attempt to present an overview of the major developments in the history of linguistics, avoiding these difficulties as far as possible. 2 Grammatical Traditions A number of linguistic traditions arose in antiquity, most as responses to linguistic change and religious concerns. -
The Evolution of the Western Dragon
Athens Journal of Mediterranean Studies- Volume 4, Issue 4 – Pages 265-290 The Evolution of the Western Dragon By Sharon Khalifa-Gueta The figure of the dragon seems to be magnetic for human imagination and flourishes even these days. In the present article I explore the biological and psychological reasons why dragons were initially created in the human mind. Although I focus on the Mediterranean dragon figure as it evolved over time, the theories I suggest here for the reasons for the creation of dragons hold globally. I discuss the origins of the dragon figure in snakes, explain the reasons for the various kinds of imagined dragons, and categorize the different dragon prototypes that developed in the Mediterranean region. This article provides basic information that can be the foundation for further study of the subject. Keywords: Art, Dragon, Life metaphor, Snake, Underworld Introduction It seems to me that choosing to explore the meaning and function of the dragon figure is to come face to face with one of mankind‟s most fascinating phenomenon: The dragon is one of the most intriguing products of the human imagination, and we can find images of dragons in all cultures from as early as the prehistoric era. The dragon‟s popularity soared in all of the major ancient cultures – Mesopotamian, Indo-European, Chinese, and Egyptian, as well as pre-Colombian cultures. In this article, I focus on dragon images in ancient and medieval Mediterranean cultures that constituted an inspiration for the figure of the dragon in Early Modern Europe. The long-term popularity of the dragon figure in Mediterranean cultures is proof that it serves a psychological need. -
A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East
A History of the Tajiks ii A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East Richard Foltz I.B. TAURIS Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 50 Bedford Square, London, WC1B 3DP, UK 1385 Broadway, New York, NY 10018, USA BLOOMSBURY, I.B. TAURIS and the I.B. Tauris logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published in Great Britain 2019 Copyright © Richard Foltz, 2019 Richard Foltz asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Author of this work. Some portions of chapters 5 and 6 previously appeared in a chapter entitled ‘Tajikistan: The Elusiveness of a National Consciousness,’ in Mikhail Minakov and Yakov Rabkin, eds., Demodernization: A Future in the Past, Stuttgart: Ibidem, 2018, pp. 261–86. Cover design: Adriana Brioso Cover image: Bibi-Khanym Mosque (© Stephen Shucart/Getty Images) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc does not have any control over, or responsibility for, any third- party websites referred to or in this book. All internet addresses given in this book were correct at the time of going to press. The author and publisher regret any inconvenience caused if addresses have changed or sites have ceased to exist, but can accept no responsibility for any such changes. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.