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U·M·I University Microfilms International a Beil & Howell Information Company 300 ~~Orth Zeeb Road Philology as rhetoric in Emily Dickinson's poems. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Hallen, Cynthia Leah. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 29/09/2021 04:06:13 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185586 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. U·M·I University Microfilms International A Beil & Howell Information Company 300 ~~orth Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. MI 48106-1346 USA 313 76,-4700 800 521-0600 Order Number 9200036 Philology as rhetoric in Emily Dickinson's poems Hallen, Cynthia Leah, Ph.D. The University of Arizona, 1991 Copyright ©1991 by Hallen, Cynthia Leah. All rights reserved. V·M·I 300 N. Zceb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 1 PHILOLOGY AS RHETORIC IN EMILY DICKINSON'S POEMS by cynthia Leah Hallen Copyright ~ Cynthia Leah Hallen 1991 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN RHETORIC, COMPOSITION, AND THE TEA~HING OF ENGLISH In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 199 1 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Cynthia Leah Hallen entitled F1ULGLOGY AS RHETCRIC 11\ EidLY DIChli,SOI" I S peEkS and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 7/19/91 Duane ){. ;{oen Date 7/19/91 Date 7/19/91 l'homas;Ji liard DatE.' Date Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon ~he candidate's su~ission of the final copy of the aisscrtation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. 7/19/91 Dissertation Direct0r lJuane H. Hoen Date 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under the rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Duane Roen, Margaret Fleming, Tom Willard, and Tenney Nathanson for their reaSSUI'ances, comments, questions, and suggestions. The discipline, support, and trust of my teachers enabled me to work with joy. Dick Demers, Richard Diebold, and Tom Miller also have my sincere appreciation for their service as preliminary examination committee members. Special thanks to Cheryl Brown, who has been an advocate for my career in English Studies. I am grateful to the Inter-Library Loan staff at the University of Arizona dnd to the Houghton Library staff at Harvard University. I thank J. Allen Bishop and Christopher Johnson for help with computer matters. The dissertation is dedicated to Elizabeth Hallen Siebenthal, 1884 - 1976. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT • • • • • • • • • • &. • • • • • • • • • • • • • 7 CHAPTER 1. EMILY'S LEXICON AND NOAH'S ARK • • e _ 8 Exordium • • • 8 Narratio •. 22 Propositio • . 33 Divisio 34 2. DEFINITION AS A RHETORICAL STRATEGY •• 36 Definition in the Nineteenth Century • • • • • •• 37 Emily Dickinson and Definitions • • • • • 46 Definition of Terms • • • • 65 Definitions of Philology • • • • • 66 Definitions of Rhetoric . • • • • • • • • • • 69 3. RHETORICAL MUSIC 77 Prosody as Music • . • • • 80 Sound Patterns as Music 85 Lexical Music • • • • • . 89 4. COHESION IN DICKINSON'S POEMS. · • 111 Cohesion and Circumference • • • 112 Synonymy and Soriasmus • • • 127 5. LEXICON AS COMPANION • • • 145 Webster'S Lexicon •••. • • 147 Lexicon as Metaphor • • • 149 Webster's Editions • • • • • • • 152 Edition Not Cited • • 154 The 1828 Edition • • • • • • • • 155 The 1841 Edition • 157 The 1847 Edition • • • 163 Other Editions • • 166 A Lexicon Proposal . • • • • 168 6 TAB·LE OF CONTENTS = continued Page CHAPTER 6. ETYMOLOGY AS RHETORIC •• • • 170 Definitions of Etymology • • • • • • 172 Webster's Etymologies • • •• • ••.. • 179 Reading Etymologies • • • • • 190 Watkin's Indo-European Roots. • 196 7. NEW PHILOLOGY AS RHETORIC • . • 202 Philology as Text-building • • 211 Philology as Slow Reading · 212 Philology and Pedagogy • • • • 213 APPENDIX A. WEBSTER EDITIONS IN DICKINSON STUDIES • • • . • • • 219 WORKS CITED . • • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • . • 221 7 ABSTP~CT Philology, or the love of words, is a source of power in Emily Dickinson's poems. Noah Webster's dictionary was a storehouse of philological knowledge and thus a major source of linguistic power for Dickinson. Her poems show that philology is an effective way to compose and interpret texts, and that paying attention to words is a source of rhetorical power for readers and writers today. The first six chapters of the dissertation feature aspects of Dickinson's philology from the perspective of nineteenth­ century rhetoric: Definition, Music, Cohesion, Dictionary Use, and Etymology. Chapter One tells the story of Emily's "Lexicon" and "Noah's Ark." Chapter Two discusses definition as a rhetorical strategy and presents a definition of terms. Chapter Three explores music as rhetorical power in the themes, prosody, sound patterns, syntax, and lexis of Dickinson's poems. The cohesion of Dickinson's lexical choices is the focus of Chapter Four. Chapter Five focuses more intently the role of the Lexicon in Dickinson's composing processes. The 'ole of etymology in Webster's lexicography and in Dickinson's poetry is the subject of Chapter Six. Chapte~ Seven uses A. L. Becker's definitions of a new philology to discuss the function of philology in contemporary English studies. 8 CHJl.PTER ONE EMILY'S LEXICON AND NOAH'S ARK Exordium In Writing on the Tongue, A. L. Becker explains that philology can "bridge the gap between a modern reader and a distant text" and can build "a bridge to another way of languaging" (1). One of the general purposes of this dissertation is to show that philology can also build a bridge between our personal lives and the ways we language as professional text-builders. Language is something we live, not just something we study. A connection between studying language and living language became apparent to me in the spring of 1988, when my mother, my sister, and I visited the final resting place of my father's Aunt Elizabeth, who had been a Humanities Program tutor for the University of Arizona. Elizabeth's ashes were deposited in one of the columbarium niches of Grace Episcopal Church in Tucson. The columbarium was a small room with a brilliant, blue, stained-glasc window, depicting the Holy Spirit descending as a white dove. When I got home, philological curiosity prompted some questions: "What is a columbarium? Where did that word come from?" In Calvert Watkin's 1985 American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, the reconstructed 9 predecessor of the word COLUMBARIUM is *kel-s , a root meaning 'gray', 'black', or 'dark', whose Latin derivative COLUMBA means 'dove' or 'pigeon'. According to its first definition in the Oxford English Dictionary, a COLUMBARIUM is a pigeon-house, dovecote, or pigeon-hole. In definition two, a COLUMBARIUM is a subterranean sepulchre, having in its walls niches or holes for cinerary ashes, the citation being taken from an 1846 work entitled Catacombs. The first definition reminded me of Hilda's dovecote shrine in The Marble Faun by Nathaniel Hawthorne, and the second reminded me of the subterranean sepulchers in Rome where Miriam had her encounter with the man in black. Because I had paid attention to a word in the context of my life, the contrasts between Hilda and Miriam in Hawthorne's
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