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Issue 68, 1st Quarter 2013 INNOVATION Under Austerity European Missile Defense Military Values JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY Inside Issue 68, 1st Quarter 2013 Editor Col William T. Eliason, USAF (Ret.), Ph.D. JFQ Dialogue Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. Supervisory Editor George C. Maerz Letters 2 Production Supervisor Martin J. Peters, Jr. From the Chairman Senior Copy Editor Calvin B. Kelley 4 Copy Editor/Office Manager John J. Church, D.M.A Bridging the Basics By Bryan B. Battaglia 6 Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich Director, NDU Press Frank G. Hoffman Forum Design Chris Dunham, Guy Tom, and Jessica Reynolds U.S. Government Printing Office Executive Summary 8 Printed in St. Louis, Missouri by 10 Russia and European Missile Defenses: Reflexive Reset? By Stephen J. Cimbala Military Wisdom and Nuclear Weapons By Ward Wilson 18 NDU Press is the National Defense University’s Managing Foreign Assistance in a CBRN Emergency: The U.S. Government cross-component, professional military and 25 academic publishing house. It publishes books, Response to Japan’s “Triple Disaster” By Suzanne Basalla, William Berger, journals, policy briefs, occasional papers, and C. Spencer Abbot monographs, and special reports on national security strategy, defense policy, interagency 32 Operationalizing Mission Command: Leveraging Theory to Achieve cooperation, national military strategy, regional Capability By Kathleen Conley security affairs, and global strategic problems. Special Feature This is the official U.S. Department of Defense edition of JFQ. Any copyrighted portions of this The 600-pound Gorilla: Why We Need a Smaller Defense Department journal may not be reproduced or extracted without 36 permission of the copyright proprietors. Joint By Ryan P. Allen Force Quarterly should be acknowledged whenever material is quoted from or based on its content. 43 The Case for Military Pension Reform By Jon P. Sunderland Napoleon’s Shadow: Facing Organizational Design Challenges 48 COMMUNICATIONS in the U.S. Military By John F. Price, Jr. Please visit NDU Press and Joint Force Cyber Operations: Bridging from Concept to Cyber Superiority Quarterly online at ndupress.ndu.edu for more 53 on upcoming issues, an electronic archive of By Jan Kallberg and Bhavani Thuraisingham JFQ articles, and access to many other useful NDU Press publications. Constructive com- Commentary ments and contributions are important to us. Please direct editorial communications to the 59 Values Statements and the Profession of Arms: A Reevaluation link on the NDU Press Web site or write to: By John Mark Mattox Editor, Joint Force Quarterly National Defense University Press 64 Reconsidering The Armed Forces Officer of 1950: Democracy, Dialogue, 260 Fifth Avenue, S.W. (Building 64, Room 2504) the Humanities, and the Military Profession By Reed R. Bonadonna Fort Lesley J. McNair Washington, DC 20319 Controversial Contrails: The Costs of Remotely Piloted Foreign Policy 70 Telephone: (202) 685-4220/DSN 325 By Houston R. Cantwell FAX: (202) 685-4219/DSN 325 Email: [email protected] 73 Logistics Support “Seams” During Operations Odyssey Dawn and Unified JFQ online: ndupress.ndu.edu Protector By W.A. Brown and Brent Coryell 1st Quarter, January 2013 ISSN 1070-0692 PUBLISHER Features GEN Martin E. Dempsey, USA Afghanistan: The Challenges of Attaining a Regional Solution PRESIDENT, NDU 78 MG Gregg F. Martin, USA By John F. O’Connell ADVISORY COMMITTEE On Strengthening Extended Deterrence for the ROK-U.S. Alliance Maj Gen Joseph D. Brown IV, USAF Dwight D. Eisenhower 84 School for National Security and Resource Strategy By Chang Kwoun Park and Victor A. Utgoff RADM John N. Christenson, USN Naval War College Brig Gen Thomas H. Deale, USAF Air Command and Staff College 91 The Effects of 9/11 on China’s Strategic Environment: Illusive Gains and Tangible Setbacks By Marc Koehler LtGen George J. Flynn, USMC The Joint Staff Maj Gen Scott M. Hanson, USAF Air War College Col Jay L. Hatton, USMC Marine Corps War College Recall RADM Douglas J. McAneny, USN National War College Col Mark Desens, USMC Marine Corps Command Kitona Operation: Rwanda’s Gamble to Capture Kinshasa and the and Staff College 99 LTG David G. Perkins, USA U.S. Army Command and Misreading of an “Ally” By James Stejskal General Staff College LTG Curtis M. Scaparrotti, USA The Joint Staff ADM James G. Stavridis, USN U.S. European Command Book Reviews Maj Gen Joseph S. Ward, Jr., USAF Joint Forces Staff College The Last Three Feet Reviewed by Brian E. Carlson 105 EDITORIAL BOARD Richard K. Betts Columbia University Storming the World Stage Reviewed by Benjamin Fernandes 106 Stephen D. Chiabotti School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Eliot A. Cohen The Johns Hopkins University Withdrawing Under Fire Reviewed by Todd M. Manyx COL Joseph J. Collins, USA (Ret.) National War College 107 Mark J. Conversino Air War College Aaron L. Friedberg Princeton University Joint Doctrine Col Thomas C. Greenwood, USMC (Ret.) Office of the Secretary of Defense Operational Design and the Center of Gravity: Two Steps Forward, 108 Douglas N. Hime Naval War College One Step Back By Dale C. Eikmeier Mark H. Jacobsen Marine Corps Command and Staff College Daniel T. Kuehl Information Resources Management College Col David Lapan, USMC The Joint Staff Col Jerome M. Lynes, USMC (Ret.) The Joint Staff Thomas L. McNaugher Georgetown University Kathleen Mahoney-Norris Air Command and Staff College Col Mark Pizzo, USMC (Ret.) National War College ABOUT THE COVERS James A. Schear Office of the Secretary of Defense LtGen Bernard E. Trainor, USMC (Ret.) Front cover: Marine CH-53E Super Stallion crew chief makes way toward helicopter’s ramp edge while flying CONTRIBUTIONS over Helmand Province (U.S. Marine Corps/Alejandro Joint Force Quarterly welcomes submission of scholarly, independent Pena). Table of contents shows (left to right) Airman research from members of the Armed Forces, security policymakers takes oil sample from A-10 Thunderbolt II engine (Air and shapers, defense analysts, academic specialists, and civilians National Guard/David Kujawa); Soldier watches firing from the United States and abroad. Submit articles for consideration lane for targets during U.S. Army 10th annual Best Warrior to the address on the opposite page or by email to [email protected] Competition (U.S. Army); Sailors work on engine of EA-6B “Attention A&R Editor” in the subject line. For further information, see the guidelines on the NDU Press Web site at ndupress.ndu.edu. Prowler (U.S. Navy/Carla Ocampo); and military working dog handler stationed in Okinawa, Japan, and his K-9 Joint Force Quarterly is published by the National Defense University Press for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the partner take part in night operations training (U.S. Marine Chairman’s flagship joint military and security studies journal Corps/Aaron Diamant). designed to inform members of the U.S. Armed Forces, allies, and other partners on joint and integrated operations; national security policy and strategy; efforts to combat terrorism; homeland security; and developments in training and joint professional military education to transform America’s military and security apparatus to meet tomorrow’s challenges better while protecting freedom today. The opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are those of the contributors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Defense or any other agency of the Federal Government. ndupress.ndu.edu Letters To the Editor—In JFQ 65, Air Force The unification story, however, is purpose than to gain control of the sea—not historian Phillip S. Meilinger wrote a pro- somewhat peripheral to the main point of as an end in itself, but so that national power vocative and informative article (“Admirals the article—which presents a fairly objective could be exerted against the enemy.2 Run Amok: The Danger of Inter-Service account of the “Revolt of the Admirals” until Rivalry,” 2nd Quarter 2012) about the Navy’s about page 94. Meilinger’s language subtly Denfeld’s final sentence here makes institutional response during the unification and then not-so-subtly changes as he begins a point many miss—the application of efforts of the Truman administration and to make his real argument in the piece—that national power from the sea in all scenarios, airpower advocates after World War II. This Navy resistance to unification reflected to include conventional scenarios. Denfeld hastened a trend that resulted in the bulk of “insubordination” that fundamentally and many of the officers in the Navy were the defense budget going to the new U.S. Air established an environment of inter-Service concerned that the very survival of capa- Force by the end of the Korean War. One is rivalry (“serious blot”) and “distrust” that is bilities essential to the Republic were at always tempted to ask, “Why this topic, why still with us today—despite a lengthy history stake—capabilities unrelated to nuclear this time?” of Defense reforms to fix it (p. 96). Cer- warfare. Moreover, Denfeld threw a strike Andrew Bacevich argues that honest tainly Meilinger is correct in claiming that directly at the new Service’s conception of study of the past should inform the impera- some in the Navy completely bought into its own identity in questioning the reputedly tives of the present—Meilinger’s article fits the unproven concept that the Service was demonstrable efficacy of airpower when the bill.1 But we are still left asking “why practically irrelevant (a bad word in times of armed with the right weapons (nuclear now?” On the face of it, as the last paragraph declining budgets) if it did not have a piece weapons and long-range bombers). Truman of the article makes clear, the occasion of the nuclear strategic bombing mission. bought into these ideas because they offered is the upcoming cutbacks in the Defense He also does an objective and fair job of a savings on defense—he trusted the profes- budget based on economic factors related showing that there were those in the Navy sionals to steer him correctly.
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