DOCSLIB.ORG

The Role of Japan's Ballistic Missile Defense

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Role of Japan's Ballistic Missile Defense University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Political Science Department -- Theses, Dissertations, and Student Scholarship Political Science, Department of 5-2013 DETERRING THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA: THE ROLE OF JAPAN’S BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE Jonathan Trexel University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/poliscitheses Part of the Asian Studies Commons, and the International Relations Commons Trexel, Jonathan, "DETERRING THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA: THE ROLE OF JAPAN’S BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE" (2013). Political Science Department -- Theses, Dissertations, and Student Scholarship. 28. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/poliscitheses/28 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Political Science, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science Department -- Theses, Dissertations, and Student Scholarship by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. DETERRING THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA: THE ROLE OF JAPAN’S BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE by Jonathan Trexel A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: Political Science Under the Supervision of Professor Ross Miller Lincoln, Nebraska May, 2013 DETERRING THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA: THE ROLE OF JAPAN’S BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE Jonathan Trexel, Ph.D. University of Nebraska, 2013 Advisor: Ross Miller This dissertation explores the role of Japan’s ballistic missile defense (BMD) program and its deterrent effect upon North Korean behavior. A mixed-methods approach is employed to analyze the topic. Empirical quantitative data included tabulated monthly cooperative-conflictual behavioral interaction between Japan and North Korea spanning a 22-year timeframe (1990-2011). In addition, a strategic profile developed from deterrence theory provided essential qualitative background to compliment the quantitative analysis. Japan’s BMD program was divided into four periods reflecting decision points or phases of program development. Results indicated varied BMD deterrence effectiveness, with two periods indicating Japan’s BMD program strengthened deterrence, one period indicating it undermined deterrence, and one period it had no effect. iii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my parents, Joe and Darlene Trexel. Neither one of them ever enrolled in a college or university, but my Mom always encouraged me to pursue higher education. When I was younger my Dad told me to strive to be a lifelong learner. Hopefully, completion of my dissertation reflects well on both of their expectations. Without a doubt, though, I still have a great deal to learn. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the support and direction of Dr. Ross Miller. Through many meetings, discussions, emails, phone calls, and edits spanning nearly two years, Dr. Miller shaped the course of the research and challenged me to improve or look at the material from other perspectives. He is not only wise and a very hard worker but also an excellent mentor. There were other UNL faculty, too, who were instrumental in helping me learn along the way, prepare me for conducting dissertation research, and actually writing and editing the manuscript. First, in addition to Dr. Miller, my dissertation committee included: Dr. Patrice McMahon and Dr. Nam Kyu Kim (Department of Political Science); and, Dr. Lloyd Ambrosius (Department of History). I am very grateful to their willingness to take on the task of serving on my committee, reviewing and editing the material, and sharing with me their insights, experiences, and expertise. Second, I wish to thank others with whom I took courses and from whom I learned a great deal, or faculty who reviewed my work and gave great advice, including: Dr. Kevin Smith; Dr. Bill Avery; Dr. John Comer; Dr. Elizabeth Theiss-Morse; Dr. David Forsythe; Dr. Jeff Spinner-Halev; Dr. David Rapkin; and, Dr. Jean Cahan. I am especially grateful to Dr. Theiss-Morse who offered me the graduate teaching assistantship for the entire time I either took classes or served as undergraduate advisor, and to Dr. Smith who was instrumental in helping me receive much-needed scholarships. I could not have started or continued doctoral work without them and I will always be grateful. I am grateful for my bosses and managers of Science Applications International Corporation, especially Mr. Mike McDermott, for allowing me to adjust my work hours v and get this done, and Mr. Jason Meyer, for his gracious support. To my government bosses, Mr. Mark Barnett and Mr. Pat Mckenna, I am deeply indebted and appreciative. The dataset was provided by Dr. Doug Bond and Virtual Research Associates, Inc.; Dr. Bond provided exceptional support and social science guidance in the development of the dataset and its application. I am also appreciative for the patient assistance of Matthew Morehouse and Robert Palmer for helping an old guy like me improve my statistical analysis skills, and for Helen Sexton for much needed administrative support over the years. Completing the dissertation properly could not have been done without the careful attention to detail and frequent guidance from Eva Bachman in Graduate Studies. Lastly, I wish to thank my family for their encouragement and willingness to tolerate my frustrations, absences from family events, and repeated demands for time alone to read, think, or type. To Juanita—my wife, friend, and marriage partner of nearly 30 years—I wish to express my deepest gratitude and thankfulness for her willingness to follow me down this educational path and her understanding these past several months. I also want to thank my kids—Mary, Rachel, Joshua, Johanna, Jim, and Nikki—for putting up with me, and carrying on without me when you needed to. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables and Figures……………………………………………...………..………vii Chapter One: Introduction…………………………………………......………………….1 Chapter Two: History……………………………………………………………………28 Chapter Three: Literature Review………………………………….……………………71 Chapter Four: Research Design……………………………………...…………………121 Chapter Five: Strategic Profile – Part I…………………………………………………157 Chapter Six: Strategic Profile – Part II…………………………………………………195 Chapter Seven: Quantitative Analysis……………………………….…………………247 Chapter Eight: Conclusions…………………………………………….………………302 Appendix 1: Methodology Historical Background.…………………...………..………334 Appendix 2: Integration of Missile Defense-Deterrence Theoretic Arguments………..336 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………...…….354 vii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Tables Table 1: Arguments……………………………………………………………………..118 Table 2: Summary of Missile Defense-Deterrence Arguments………………..……….128 Table 3: Positive/Cooperative North Korean Behavior toward Japan, January 1990—December 2011……………………………………………..….274 Table 4: Negative/Conflictual North Korean Behavior toward Japan, January 1990—December 2011…………………………………………..…….277 Table 5: Tests for Autocorrelation among Model Variables……………..…………….290 Table 6: R2 Values for all Models…………………………………………………..…..295 Table 7: Distributions of Data with BMD Terms by Time Period………………..……298 Table 8: Goldstein Conflictual-Cooperation Event Scale…………………...………….301 Table 9: Overview of Theoretic Arguments and BMD Periods…………………..……351 Figures Figure 1: North Korean Medium and Long-Range Missiles……………………..……….5 Figure 2: North Korean Ballistic Missile Ranges……………………………………...….7 Figure 3: Dataset Sample…………………………………………………………....….257 Figure 4: Japan’s BMD Program, J-NK Interaction, and other Key Events……............262 Figure 5: Traditional General Deterrence vs. Goldstein Scale……………………...….324 1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION The threat from North Korea is daunting: there are large numbers of offensive ballistic missiles; possible possession of missile-capable nuclear weapons; and, a propensity for risky behavior such as export of nuclear and missile technology. In Northeast Asia, North Korea’s large stockpile of missiles can, in a matter of minutes, endanger military, civil, and economic targets in neighboring countries like Japan. But while North Korean possession of ballistic missiles provides it cover for a wide variety of coercive behavior short of war, Japanese possession of missile defenses could offset the North Korean ballistic missile advantage and, in part, deter North Korea’s coercive behavior. The key question, then, is Does Japan’s BMD deter North Korea’s behavior? Or, does Japan’s BMD undermine it? Are these deterrence effects seen in any specific periods of Japan’s BMD program? As a way to familiarize the reader with the research undertaken to address this question, this introductory chapter is outlined as follows. First, a brief review of the research findings will be presented. These findings are a short summary of those provided later in the dissertation. Second, a short section of background material is provided briefly describing the setting, including the nature of the North Korean threat as well as Japan’s BMD program. Third, theoretic ideas will be described along with key gaps. Fourth, the dissertation’s subsequent chapters will be summarized. Lastly, some closing thoughts will be providing as a segue to Chapter Two: History. General Findings The mixed-methods research and analysis explored the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Body in Packaging Culture: Researching Cosmetic Surgery Within Korea’S Neo-Confucian Culture
    The Body in Packaging Culture: Researching Cosmetic Surgery within Korea’s Neo-Confucian Culture By Eunji Choi Submitted to Utrecht University Graduate Gender Studies Program Main Supervisor: Prof. dr. Anne-Marie Korte Support Supervisor: Dr. Mark Johnson Utrecht, The Netherlands 2015 The Body in Packaging Culture: Researching Cosmetic Surgery within Korea’s Neo-Confucian Culture By Eunji Choi Submitted to Utrecht University Graduate Gender Studies Program Main Supervisor: Prof. dr. Anne-Marie Korte Support Supervisor: Dr. Mark Johnson Approved by: Utrecht, The Netherlands 2015 2 Abstract Contemporary developments within the current global self-care regime have increased the potential of many individuals to control their own bodies, and to have their bodies surveilled by others (Shilling, 2003). The body is understood as a project that needs to be “worked at and accomplished as part of an individual’s self-identity” (Shilling, 2003:4) in this time of ‘high modernity’ (Giddens, 1991). The project of cosmetic surgery is one example of how modern individuals attribute significance both to their bodies and the way their bodies look. In a South Korean context, the cosmetic surgery scene is especially interesting to examine in the light of the uniquely Korean practice of giving cosmetic surgery as a gift, especially to daughters. Ironically, the body has to remain unaltered from how it has been received at birth according to the Neo-Confucian tradition, which continues to form the ideological base of contemporary Korean society. Moreover, this tradition teaches that inward goodness does not depend upon one’s outer appearance, something that is quite opposite to “popular physiognomic assumptions that the body, especially the face, is a reflection of the self” (Featherstone, 2010:195).
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of Confucian Values to Kim Jong Il's System
    POLAND ASIA RESEARCH CENTER The Importance of Confucian values to Kim Jong Il’s System A comparison with Kim Il Sung’s System Nicolas Levi, PhD. (Polish Academy of Sciences) 2012-06-15 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 3 1. An overview of the Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism in the Historic Korea .......................... 4 2. Confucianism during the Kim Il Sung’s era .................................................................................... 7 2.1. The battle of Kim Il Sung against feudalism ........................................................................... 7 2.2. Ideological transformation ...................................................................................................... 8 3. Confucianism during the Kim Jong Il’s era .................................................................................. 10 Concluding Remarks ............................................................................................................................. 13 Selected References .............................................................................................................................. 14 Abstract in English ................................................................................................................................ 16 Abstract in Korean ...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Confucian Perspectives on Egalitarian Thought in Traditional Korea
    International Journal of Korean History(Vol.12, Aug.2008) 57 Confucian Perspectives on Egalitarian Thought in Traditional Korea Seung B. Kye∗ What roles did Confucian ideas and ruling mechanisms play in germinating and developing egalitarian thought in Korean history? Was Confucianism a great contribution or a critical obstacle? Or, did it take a neutral stance? Do those two ideologies, Confucianism and egalitarianism, mutually support each other in contemporary Korean society, or are they incompatible with each other? In order to understand the transition of Korean society from traditional to ‘modern’ as continuous rather than discontinuous, these questions are worth discussing not only because Confucian modes of social behavior still remain strong among the Koreans, but also because egalitarianism is one of the universal values for which humanity must continue to march. Since the late nineteenth century when Korea’s vulnerability to imperialist powers became readily apparent, Korean views of Confucianism have broken somewhat into two different sets of evaluation. While some put the blame on Confucianism for the setback of Korean civilization and its reduction to a colony, others valued Confucianism as the spiritual prop of the Koreans and an important part of their cultural identity.1 In a broader sense, on the other hand, studies emphasizing Confucian heritage as a common factor of the economic success of Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Hong ∗ HK Research Professor, Institute of Korean Culture, Korea University 58 Confucian Perspectives on
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Primacy in East Asian History: Deconstructing the Tribute System in China’S Early Ming Dynasty
    The London School of Economics and Political Science Chinese Primacy in East Asian History: Deconstructing the Tribute System in China’s Early Ming Dynasty Feng ZHANG A thesis submitted to the Department of International Relations of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, April 2009 1 UMI Number: U615686 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615686 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 TrttSCS f <tu>3 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without the prior written consent of the author.
    [Show full text]
  • Korean As a Transitional Literacy: Language Education, Curricularization, and the Vernacular-Cosmopolitan Interface in Early Modern Korea, 1895-1925
    KOREAN AS A TRANSITIONAL LITERACY: LANGUAGE EDUCATION, CURRICULARIZATION, AND THE VERNACULAR-COSMOPOLITAN INTERFACE IN EARLY MODERN KOREA, 1895-1925 by DANIEL OLIVER PIEPER A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Asian Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2017 © Daniel Oliver Pieper Abstract This study argues that language and literacy during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (1895-1925) were formed through several interactive processes, including the development of “modern” literature and writing styles, processes of translation, dictionary compilation, and the circulation and functioning of language ideologies and discourses on linguistic modernity. Because Japanese engaged with the above processes vis-à-vis Western languages before Korean, Korean intellectuals found in the Japanese language a ready-made model for reform and modernization. Western notions of linguistic modernity—what modern language and literature “ought to be”—as well as the inundation of Korean with Japanese terms due to Korea’s late engagement with dictionary compilation and translation resulted in a Korean language that increasingly came to resemble Japanese. This facilitated the shift to higher Japanese literacy when combined with a colonial curriculum aimed at truncated Korean literacy and expansive Japanese. The convergence of the above processes with the political will engendered in education policy during a period of instability and flux in the orthographical development of Korean from that encoded in Literary Sinitic (hanmun) to Sino-Korean Mixed Script (kukhanmun) combined to lay the foundations for a shift from semi-literacy in Korean to literacy in Japanese, with Korean acting as a transitional literacy, and the sinograph (hancha) functioning as a mediating agent.
    [Show full text]
  • New Evidence on North Korea in 1956
    Cold War International History Project Bulletin, Issue 16 New Evidence on North Korea in 1956 Introduction by James F. Person ew events since the end of the 1950-1953 Korean War contrast, concludes that the attack on Kim Il Sung’s policies at have had such enduring political relevance in the 60-year the August Plenum “was a desperate attempt to turn the tide Fhistory of the North Korean party-state as the three-year rather than a serious challenge to Kim’s rule.”5 dispute in the Korean Workers’ Party (KWP) over development The documentary evidence on post-war North Korea has strategies that culminated in the summer of 1956. Yet, due to the been greatly enhanced recently through the release of docu- secretive nature of the regime and the paucity of documentary ments at the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History evidence from Korean and other archives, little has been known (RGANI), the post-Stalin Central Committee archive. These about this pivotal event until recently. While accounts of the epi- documents, some of which are presented below, originated sode have appeared in many histories of modern Korea,1 they with the Central Committee Department for Relations with have largely focused on the August 1956 Plenum of the KWP International Communist Parties, the Communist Party of the Central Committee (CC), which is generally portrayed as the Soviet Union’s (CPSU) own foreign policy organ.6 Some of climax of a decade-long power struggle between four factions: the documents were also analyzed by Japanese scholar Nobuo the so-called “Soviet faction” composed of ethnic Koreans who Shimotomai, who accessed them in microfilm copy at the Slavic lived in the Soviet Union and were sent to serve in administra- Research Center in Hokkaido, Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • 7. Foreign Trade and Interpreter Officials
    7. FOREIGN TRADE AND INTERPRETER OFFICIALS Kim Kyung-ran The Richest Man in Seoul Master Heo lived in Mukjeokgol at the foot of Mount Nam. He was content just to read books, while his wife barely eked out a living by selling embroi- dery. One day, his wife, crying from pangs of hunger, said to him, “Husband, you’ve never even taken the civil service examination, so why are you even bothering with such reading?…If you don’t like to be a craftsman or a mer- chant, how about trying to become a thief?” Thus, Master Heo had no choice but to put down his books and go outside, but looking around, he knew no one. He went to Jongno Intersection and asked each vendor he met, “Hello, who is the richest person in Seoul?” In good time, someone mentioned the name of Mr. Byeon. Master Heo finally found Mr. Byeon’s home. Upon meet- ing him, he said, “My family is poor, and I’d like to try something. I’ve come to borrow a large amount of money.” Mr. Byeon said, “Okay” and promptly gave him the money. But Master Heo just left without saying a word of thanks. This passage is taken from Bak Jiwon’s (1737–1805) ‘The Tale of Master Heo,’ a story about a fallen yangban who seeks the richest man in Seoul to acquire the capital to start a business. Who was this Mr. Byeon, who lent a huge sum of money to a pathetic-looking scholar without giving it a sec- ond thought? Though ‘The Tale of Master Heo’ is a work of fiction, Bak’s novels are thought to be a faithful reflection of their time.
    [Show full text]
  • The Formation of Juche Ideology and Personality Cult in North Korea Bianca Trifoi Florida International University, [email protected]
    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 3-23-2017 Kim was Korea and Korea was Kim: The Formation of Juche Ideology and Personality Cult in North Korea Bianca Trifoi Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FIDC001747 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, International Relations Commons, Korean Studies Commons, Political History Commons, and the Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Commons Recommended Citation Trifoi, Bianca, "Kim was Korea and Korea was Kim: The orF mation of Juche Ideology and Personality Cult in North Korea" (2017). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3275. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3275 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida KIM WAS KOREA AND KOREA WAS KIM: THE FORMATION OF JUCHE IDEOLOGY AND PERSONALITY CULT IN NORTH KOREA A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in ASIAN STUDIES by Bianca Trifoi 2017 To: Dean John F. Stack Steven J. Green School of International and Public Relations This thesis, written by Bianca Trifoi, and entitled Kim was Korea and Korea was Kim: The Formation of Juche Ideology and Personality Cult in North Korea, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tenacious Tributary System
    Journal of Contemporary China ISSN: 1067-0564 (Print) 1469-9400 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cjcc20 The Tenacious Tributary System Peter C. Perdue To cite this article: Peter C. Perdue (2015) The Tenacious Tributary System, Journal of Contemporary China, 24:96, 1002-1014, DOI: 10.1080/10670564.2015.1030949 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2015.1030949 Published online: 07 May 2015. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 479 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cjcc20 Download by: [University of Warwick] Date: 12 October 2015, At: 04:49 Journal of Contemporary China, 2015 Vol. 24, No. 96, 1002–1014, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2015.1030949 The Tenacious Tributary System PETER C. PERDUE* Recently, some writers on Chinese foreign relations have argued that the tributary system is a useful concept for describing imperial China’s relations with its neighbors, and that it can even serve as a model for the future of international relations in East Asia. An examination of China’s historical practice of foreign relations shows that there was no systematic tributary system, but instead multiple relationships of trade, military force, diplomacy and ritual. Furthermore, China’s neighbors did not accept the imperial center’s definition of hierarchy and subordination, but interpreted ritual relationships in their own way. Even in the 1930s, when scholars invoked Chinese history to advocate peaceful relations, they recognized the importance of military force, colonial settlement and domination in East Asian state relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • The Antinomies of North Korean Foreign Policy and Juche Thought, 1953-1967
    Solidarity and Self-Reliance: The Antinomies of North Korean Foreign Policy and Juche Thought, 1953-1967 by James Frederick Person BA in History and Fine Arts, May 1998, The George Washington University MA in History, May 2001, Moscow State University A Dissertation submitted to The Faculty of The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences Of the George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 19, 2013 Dissertation directed by Gregg Andrew Brazinsky Associate Professor of History and International Affairs Kirk Wayne Larsen Associate Professor of History, Brigham Young University The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of the George Washington University certifies that James Frederick Person has passed the Final Examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy as of March 26, 2013. This is the final and approved form of the dissertation. Solidarity and Self-Reliance: The Antinomies of North Korean Foreign Policy and Juche Thought, 1953-1967 Dissertation Research Committee: Gregg A. Brazinsky, Associate Professor of History and International Affairs, Dissertation Co-Director Kirk W. Larsen, Associate Professor of History, Brigham Young University, Dissertation Co-Director Edward McCord, Associate Professor of History and International Affairs, Committee Member Jisoo Kim, Assistant Professor of History and International Affairs, Committee Member ii © Copyright 2013 by James F. Person All rights reserved iii Acknowledgements The author wishes to acknowledge numerous individuals, especially Gregg Brazinsky, Kirk Larsen, and Charles Armstrong, who were extremely patient and generous with their time and advice. The author is also grateful to Jooeun Kim, Jongdae Shin, Kihljae Ryoo, Jounyung Sun, Jae-kyu Park, Christian Ostermann, Charles Kraus, Edward McCord, Zhihua Shen, Yafeng Xia, Gary Goldberg, James Hershberg, Hope Harrison, Hazel Smith, Mitch Lerner, Seukryule Hong, Sangyoon Ma, Bernd Schaefer, Daqing Yang, Jisoo Kim, and Andrei Lankov.
    [Show full text]
  • The 1394 Governance Code for the Joseon Dynasty of Korea by Jeong Do-Jeon
    Revitalization of Ancient Institutions: The 1394 Governance Code for the Joseon Dynasty of Korea by Jeong Do-jeon By Kyongran Chong A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the School of Languages and Cultures Victoria University of Wellington (2018) Abstract The Code of Governance for the Joseon Dynasty written by Jeong Do-jeon in 1394 was the first legal document written in justification of a new Korean dynasty. The eminent Korean historian Han Young-woo has credited the political scheme formulated in the Code for promoting democratic ideas of power separation. This study argues that the Code cannot be considered as an attempt to introduce a new power structure in this way, as it was primarily concerned with revitalizing idealized Confucian institutions mobilized by the ideological force of weixin 維新 (revitalization) of guzhi 古制 (ancient institutions) and with creating a society modelled on Confucian values and hierarchical order laid out in the Chinese work, the Zhouli (Rites of Zhou). In his Code, Jeong used this system of government structure as the principle of ancient state institutions, to justify the position of the new Joseon throne, and he also adopted the legal format of the 1331 Yuan law book, Jingshi dadian, in which royal authority took precedence over that of the government. This study emphasizes not only Jeong Do-jeon’s conservative adherence to the continuity of state institutions from the previous Goryeo dynasty (a replica of the Chinese Tang and Song systems), but also the priority he gave to the new Joseon monarch as a stabilizing force within the new dynasty, and argues that the Code was written to ensure continuity and priority, and cannot be considered as an attempt to introduce a new power structure.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Reading in Late Imperial China, 1000-1800
    A HISTORY OF READING IN LATE IMPERIAL CHINA, 1000-1800 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Li Yu, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2003 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Galal Walker, advisor Professor Mark Bender Professor Cynthia J. Brokaw ______________________________ Professor Patricia A. Sieber Advisor East Asian Languages and Literatures ABSTRACT This dissertation is a historical ethnographic study on the act of reading in late imperial China. Focusing on the practice and representation of reading, I present a mosaic of how reading was conceptualized, perceived, conducted, and transmitted from the tenth to the eighteenth centuries. My central argument is that reading, or dushu, was an indispensable component in the tapestry of cultural life and occupied a unique position in the landscape of social history in late imperial China. Reading is not merely a psychological act of individuals, but also a set of complicated social practices determined and conditioned by social conventions. The dissertation consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 discusses motivation, scope, methodology, and sources of the study. I introduce a dozen different Chinese terms related to the act of reading. Chapter 2 examines theories and practices of how children were taught to read. Focusing on four main pedagogical procedures, namely memorization, vocalization, punctuation, and explication, I argue that the loud chanting of texts and the constant anxiety of reciting were two of the most prominent themes that ran through both the descriptive and prescriptive discourses on the history of reading in late imperial ii China.
    [Show full text]