New Evidence on North Korea in 1956

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

New Evidence on North Korea in 1956 Cold War International History Project Bulletin, Issue 16 New Evidence on North Korea in 1956 Introduction by James F. Person ew events since the end of the 1950-1953 Korean War contrast, concludes that the attack on Kim Il Sung’s policies at have had such enduring political relevance in the 60-year the August Plenum “was a desperate attempt to turn the tide Fhistory of the North Korean party-state as the three-year rather than a serious challenge to Kim’s rule.”5 dispute in the Korean Workers’ Party (KWP) over development The documentary evidence on post-war North Korea has strategies that culminated in the summer of 1956. Yet, due to the been greatly enhanced recently through the release of docu- secretive nature of the regime and the paucity of documentary ments at the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History evidence from Korean and other archives, little has been known (RGANI), the post-Stalin Central Committee archive. These about this pivotal event until recently. While accounts of the epi- documents, some of which are presented below, originated sode have appeared in many histories of modern Korea,1 they with the Central Committee Department for Relations with have largely focused on the August 1956 Plenum of the KWP International Communist Parties, the Communist Party of the Central Committee (CC), which is generally portrayed as the Soviet Union’s (CPSU) own foreign policy organ.6 Some of climax of a decade-long power struggle between four factions: the documents were also analyzed by Japanese scholar Nobuo the so-called “Soviet faction” composed of ethnic Koreans who Shimotomai, who accessed them in microfilm copy at the Slavic lived in the Soviet Union and were sent to serve in administra- Research Center in Hokkaido, Japan. As I argue in CWIHP tive positions in northern Korea after 1945; the “Yan’an faction,” Working Paper No. 52,7 the new documents reveal that contrary made up of those Koreans who lived in China during Japan’s to the common wisdom on factional power struggles, a myriad colonial rule over Korea; the “domestic faction” of veteran com- of factors and motivations played into the pivotal events of 1956. munist Bak Heonyeong; and Kim Il Sung’s own “Gapsan fac- Kim and his opponents did not simply compete for raw power, tion” of former anti-Japanese guerrilla fighters. According to the they also had clear ideological and practical preferences and dif- standard narrative, following the purge of Bak and his support- ferences. Indeed, as the newly available materials seem to sug- ers in 1953 for allegedly attempting to seize power, only Kim Il gest, the precipitating cause of events at the August 1956 Plenum Sung’s group and the foreign supported “Soviet” and “Yan’an” was not a factional power struggle or Kim Il Sung’s prolonged factions remained. Mirroring to a certain degree North Korea’s absence from the country during the summer of 1956; rather, official historiography, the August 1956 Plenum is generally after a three-year dispute over socialist development strategies, portrayed as an abortive coup d’etat orchestrated by the “Soviet” opponents of Kim Il Sung’s vision for modernizing the DPRK and “Yan’an” factions.2 made a final, desperate attempt to convince the North Korean Recent accounts by Russian scholar Andrei Lankov and leader to adopt post-Stalin Soviet-style “New Course” economic Hungarian scholar Balazs Szalontai have shed additional light reforms. Moreover, they sought to rid the party of nationalist on the actions of key actors in the weeks and months before the elements hostile to foreign influences, and place limits on the August Plenum.3 Drawing on newly released materials from growing personality cult in North Korea. the Soviet and Hungarian archives, both scholars describe the In light of the new documentary evidence, the events of clandestine efforts of the “Soviet” and “Yan’an” factions to 1956 can no longer be examined with a narrow focus on a challenge the KWP leadership, hastily organized during North power struggle between groups with diverse revolutionary Korean leader Kim Il Sung’s absence from the country while on backgrounds. Such an approach to a large degree mirrors North a month-long trip to fraternal communist countries. Their con- Korea’s official historiography in that it is narrated “in terms of clusions about the severity of the threat to Kim Il Sung, howev- Kim Il Sung’s supremacy over all […] political challenges, from er, differ rather sharply. Lankov argues that from the beginning, within and without.”8 Factional rivalries, the documents suggest, Kim’s opponents sought to unseat him.4 Despite agreeing with were exaggerated by Kim Il Sung as a pretext to purge policy Lankov about the factional origins of the conflict, Szalontai, by opponents. Rather than a factional power struggle, the events of James F. Person is the coordinator of the North Korea International Documentation Project (History and Public Policy Program) at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. He is currently completing a PhD in Korean history at the George Washington University, working on a dissertation on North Korea’s relations with the Soviet Union and China from 1953-1962. 447 New Evidence on North Korea 1956 have to be seen in the context of the broader theme of com- peting visions for socialist modernization, both inside the North A NOTE ABOUT THE REVISED Korean party-state and throughout the communist bloc. Another ROMANIZATION OF KOREAN factor we must be mindful of is Kim Il Sung’s determination to limit the influence of those he felt did not fully appreciate the CWIHP has adopted the Revised Romanization of Korean realities of life in North Korea, i.e. the Soviet and Chinese par- (2000), the official Korean language Romanization sys- ties, and their minions inside the KWP. This necessitates a com- tem in South Korea. Among the notable changes to the prehensive reexamination of the DPRK’s history from the end Romanization of Korean words and names, the breve has of the Korean War in 1953 through the August Plenum of 1956. been eliminated and aspirated consonants (as in k’, t’, p’, The debate over development strategies in North Korea ch’) have no apostrophe. Moreover, the “k,” “t,” “p,” and began within weeks of the 1953 armistice that brought an end to “ch” are now with letters that are voiced in English: g, d, hostilities in the Korean War, when two policy lines (gyeyeoul) b, and j. With the exception of Kim Il Sung, the surname emerged in the wake of the Sixth Plenum of the KWP CC. On the Kim is now rendered Gim. The surname Lee is now one hand, Kim Il Sung and his supporters advocated the Stalin- rendered as Yi or Li, and Pak (or Park) is written as Bak. inspired development of heavy industry at the expense of light industry and consumer goods, and the rapid collectivization of Pak Hon-yong — Bak Heonyeong agriculture. His opponents, on the other hand, most of who were P'yongyang — Pyeongyang Soviet-Koreans or those who spent time in China during the Pak Chong-ae — Bak Jeongae period of Japanese colonial rule, encouraged the development Kim Sung-hwa — Gim Seunghwa of light industry and consumer durables. The latter, given the appellation the “consumer goods group,” vigorously encouraged Kim Il Sung to mechanically replicate modernization strategies goods group” added to its list of criticisms and openly ques- promoted by the post-Stalin Soviet leadership in other fraternal tioned the advisability of disregarding fraternal experiences with socialist countries. Moreover, members of the “consumer goods de-Stalinization while continuing to encourage “New Course” group” supported North Korea’s further integration into the economic reforms advocated by the post-Stalin Soviet leader- international division of labor through the reinvigorated Council ship. They also began to meet with the staff of the Soviet and for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON). Chinese embassies to encourage foreign communist leaders to Kim Il Sung had very practical reasons for rejecting these intervene on their behalf and to admonish Kim Il Sung and the appeals of his policy opponents, however. First, he equated KWP leadership during “friendship visits” to the Soviet Union, industrialization with strength at a time when South Korean Eastern Europe, and Mongolia in June and July. president Syngman Rhee continued to engage in saber-rattling During his trip throughout Eastern Europe in June and July and the Republic of Korea witnessed a massive influx of US 1956, Kim Il Sung admitted to the correctness of the comradely aid. Moreover, he was certain a strong DPRK would appeal to advice in the presence of fraternal leaders. Yet, upon returning left-leaning South Koreans. Furthermore, Kim recognized that to Pyeongyang in mid-July, he was reluctant to comply with the integrating the DPRK’s economy into the international division recommendations of Khrushchev and other foreign communist of labor meant foregoing industrial development since North officials. His reluctance to make changes, at least at the pace his Korea was expected to simply export its natural resources and critics considered necessary, convinced members of the “con- marine products to COMECON member countries. Kim Il Sung sumer goods group” of the need to make one last appeal during was first and foremost a nationalist, and with Korea emerging the August plenum. Far from an attempted coup d’état, members from a centuries-old Sino-centric system of relations and 35 of the “consumer goods group” attempted to bring their case years of Japanese colonial rule, he would not willingly subju- directly to the Central Committee, stressing the need to learn gate his country by entering into a new suzerain system of “serv- from the experiences of fraternal communist parties and imple- ing the great” (sadae) with the Soviet Union.
Recommended publications
  • The Tumen Triangle Documentation Project
    THE TUMEN TRIANGLE DOCUMENTATION PROJECT SOURCING THE CHINESE-NORTH KOREAN BORDER Edited by CHRISTOPHER GREEN Issue Two February 2014 ABOUT SINO-NK Founded in December 2011 by a group of young academics committed to the study of Northeast Asia, Sino-NK focuses on the borderland world that lies somewhere between Pyongyang and Beijing. Using multiple languages and an array of disciplinary methodologies, Sino-NK provides a steady stream of China-DPRK (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea/North Korea) documentation and analysis covering the culture, history, economies and foreign relations of these complex states. Work published on Sino-NK has been cited in such standard journalistic outlets as The Economist, International Herald Tribune, and Wall Street Journal, and our analysts have been featured in a range of other publications. Ultimately, Sino-NK seeks to function as a bridge between the ubiquitous North Korea media discourse and a more specialized world, that of the academic and think tank debates that swirl around the DPRK and its immense neighbor. SINO-NK STAFF Editor-in-Chief ADAM CATHCART Co-Editor CHRISTOPHER GREEN Managing Editor STEVEN DENNEY Assistant Editors DARCIE DRAUDT MORGAN POTTS Coordinator ROGER CAVAZOS Director of Research ROBERT WINSTANLEY-CHESTERS Outreach Coordinator SHERRI TER MOLEN Research Coordinator SABINE VAN AMEIJDEN Media Coordinator MYCAL FORD Additional translations by Robert Lauler Designed by Darcie Draudt Copyright © Sino-NK 2014 SINO-NK PUBLICATIONS TTP Documentation Project ISSUE 1 April 2013 Document Dossiers DOSSIER NO. 1 Adam Cathcart, ed. “China and the North Korean Succession,” January 16, 2012. 78p. DOSSIER NO. 2 Adam Cathcart and Charles Kraus, “China’s ‘Measure of Reserve’ Toward Succession: Sino-North Korean Relations, 1983-1985,” February 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • This Is a Sample Copy, Not to Be Reproduced Or Sold
    Startup Business Chinese: An Introductory Course for Professionals Textbook By Jane C. M. Kuo Cheng & Tsui Company, 2006 8.5 x 11, 390 pp. Paperback ISBN: 0887274749 Price: TBA THIS IS A SAMPLE COPY, NOT TO BE REPRODUCED OR SOLD This sample includes: Table of Contents; Preface; Introduction; Chapters 2 and 7 Please see Table of Contents for a listing of this book’s complete content. Please note that these pages are, as given, still in draft form, and are not meant to exactly reflect the final product. PUBLICATION DATE: September 2006 Workbook and audio CDs will also be available for this series. Samples of the Workbook will be available in August 2006. To purchase a copy of this book, please visit www.cheng-tsui.com. To request an exam copy of this book, please write [email protected]. Contents Tables and Figures xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv Introduction to the Chinese Language xvi Introduction to Numbers in Chinese xl Useful Expressions xlii List of Abbreviations xliv Unit 1 问好 Wènhǎo Greetings 1 Unit 1.1 Exchanging Names 2 Unit 1.2 Exchanging Greetings 11 Unit 2 介绍 Jièshào Introductions 23 Unit 2.1 Meeting the Company Manager 24 Unit 2.2 Getting to Know the Company Staff 34 Unit 3 家庭 Jiātíng Family 49 Unit 3.1 Marital Status and Family 50 Unit 3.2 Family Members and Relatives 64 Unit 4 公司 Gōngsī The Company 71 Unit 4.1 Company Type 72 Unit 4.2 Company Size 79 Unit 5 询问 Xúnwèn Inquiries 89 Unit 5.1 Inquiring about Someone’s Whereabouts 90 Unit 5.2 Inquiring after Someone’s Profession 101 Startup Business Chinese vii Unit
    [Show full text]
  • The Body in Packaging Culture: Researching Cosmetic Surgery Within Korea’S Neo-Confucian Culture
    The Body in Packaging Culture: Researching Cosmetic Surgery within Korea’s Neo-Confucian Culture By Eunji Choi Submitted to Utrecht University Graduate Gender Studies Program Main Supervisor: Prof. dr. Anne-Marie Korte Support Supervisor: Dr. Mark Johnson Utrecht, The Netherlands 2015 The Body in Packaging Culture: Researching Cosmetic Surgery within Korea’s Neo-Confucian Culture By Eunji Choi Submitted to Utrecht University Graduate Gender Studies Program Main Supervisor: Prof. dr. Anne-Marie Korte Support Supervisor: Dr. Mark Johnson Approved by: Utrecht, The Netherlands 2015 2 Abstract Contemporary developments within the current global self-care regime have increased the potential of many individuals to control their own bodies, and to have their bodies surveilled by others (Shilling, 2003). The body is understood as a project that needs to be “worked at and accomplished as part of an individual’s self-identity” (Shilling, 2003:4) in this time of ‘high modernity’ (Giddens, 1991). The project of cosmetic surgery is one example of how modern individuals attribute significance both to their bodies and the way their bodies look. In a South Korean context, the cosmetic surgery scene is especially interesting to examine in the light of the uniquely Korean practice of giving cosmetic surgery as a gift, especially to daughters. Ironically, the body has to remain unaltered from how it has been received at birth according to the Neo-Confucian tradition, which continues to form the ideological base of contemporary Korean society. Moreover, this tradition teaches that inward goodness does not depend upon one’s outer appearance, something that is quite opposite to “popular physiognomic assumptions that the body, especially the face, is a reflection of the self” (Featherstone, 2010:195).
    [Show full text]
  • National Museum of Korea
    National Museum of Korea 1. Prehistoric and Ancient History Gallery 1 2. Prehistoric and Ancient History Gallery 2 - 1 - Prehistoric and Ancient 1. The Paleolithic Age, the First Culture History Gallery 1 in History We have now arrived in the Paleolithic Room. During the Paleolithic Age, humans started to use fire, invented tools, and developed a culture. The first humans inhabited Korea from about 700,000 years ago. They were hunter-gatherers and led a nomadic lifestyle, moving from place to place to find sufficient food and seeking shelter in caves or on the banks of rivers. The people of the Paleolithic Age initially used natural stones as tools, but gradually began to break and shape them to remove their efficiency. Large, clumsy tools were used at first, but over time the tools were refined and a variety of sharper and smaller tools were developed for different purposes. During the later period of the Paleolithic Age, the stone tools were used in conjunction with pieces of timber or horn. As stone working techniques became even more developed, it was possible to reproduce the same tool. - 2 - Prehistoric and Ancient 2. The Making of Chipped Stone Tools History Gallery 1 [Narration] These are stone tools from the Paleolithic Age. [Tourist] They’re tools? They look like normal stones to me. [Narration] They do, yes, but they really are chipped stone tools that Paleolithic people made and used for many different purposes. [Tourist] How did they chip the stones? [Narration] The simplest method they used was to smash one stone with another stone and hope for the best! Later on, they used stone hammers or horns to chip the stone in a more directed, controlled manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Democratic People's Republic of Korea INDIVIDUALS
    CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK Last Updated:21/01/2021 Status: Asset Freeze Targets REGIME: Democratic People's Republic of Korea INDIVIDUALS 1. Name 6: AN 1: JONG 2: HYUK 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. Title: Diplomat DOB: 14/03/1970. a.k.a: AN, Jong, Hyok Nationality: Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) Passport Details: 563410155 Address: Egypt.Position: Diplomat DPRK Embassy Egypt Other Information: (UK Sanctions List Ref):DPR0001 Date designated on UK Sanctions List: 31/12/2020 (Further Identifiying Information):Associations with Green Pine Corporation and DPRK Embassy Egypt (UK Statement of Reasons):Representative of Saeng Pil Trading Corporation, an alias of Green Pine Associated Corporation, and DPRK diplomat in Egypt.Green Pine has been designated by the UN for activities including breach of the UN arms embargo.An Jong Hyuk was authorised to conduct all types of business on behalf of Saeng Pil, including signing and implementing contracts and banking business.The company specialises in the construction of naval vessels and the design, fabrication and installation of electronic communication and marine navigation equipment. (Gender):Male Listed on: 22/01/2018 Last Updated: 31/12/2020 Group ID: 13590. 2. Name 6: BONG 1: PAEK 2: SE 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. DOB: 21/03/1938. Nationality: Democratic People's Republic of Korea Position: Former Chairman of the Second Economic Committee,Former member of the National Defense Commission,Former Vice Director of Munitions Industry Department (MID) Other Information: (UK Sanctions List Ref):DPR0251 (UN Ref): KPi.048 (Further Identifiying Information):Paek Se Bong is a former Chairman of the Second Economic Committee, a former member of the National Defense Commission, and a former Vice Director of Munitions Industry Department (MID) Listed on: 05/06/2017 Last Updated: 31/12/2020 Group ID: 13478.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 KNU Global Summer School Brochure
    www.knu.ac.kr Application Eligibility >>> KNU global summer school welcomes applications from students who are currently enrolled at partner 2018 universities around the world. 2018 Global Summer School How to apply >>> Global Summer School KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY May.7 – May. 11 May.14- May.25 After confirm remittance Schedule Partner universities nominate Applicants complete an on-line application at the KNU will issue a Letter of students via e-mail to KNU website (http://en.knu.ac.kr) and send a Acceptance, which will be Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat [email protected] copy of remittance of program fee via e-mail e-mailed to each applicant 7.15 16 17 18 19 20 21 We’ll inform ID & PW for on-line application after getting nomination Check-in Orientation Lecture Lecture Lecture Lecture Excursion: If some applicants need original letter of acceptance for issuing visa, please let us know visa e-mail. Campus Tour Cultural Activity Cultural Activity Field trip Cultural Activity Mungyung SaeJae Basic Korean (Daegu City Tour (Daegu City Tour Daegu Safety Theme (Taekwondo Group A) (Water sledding) Language group A) group B) Park (Group A) (K-pop dance Group B) Contact >>> (Hanbok & Tea (Hanbok & Tea Night City Tour (Samulnoli Group C) Ceremony Group B) Ceremony Group A) (Group B) Ms. Soonhyang Lee ([email protected]) Office of International Affairs, Kyungpook National University 80, Daehak-ro, Bukgu, Daegu, South Korea Tel: +82-53-950-2424 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Fees KNU Buddy Lecture Lecture Lecture Lecture Lecture Excursion: Busan Field trip Cultural Activity (Yonggungsa, Waived for students from KNU arranges student buddies for program Cultural Activity Field trip Field trip Tuition USD300 (Taekwondo Group B) (Samsung (Samsung Daegu Safety Theme (Taekwondo Group C) Haeundae) partner universities participants, to help them settle in when they arrive, (K-pop dance Group C) Electronics Group A) Electronics Group B) Park (Group B) (K-pop dance Group A) Housing Fee USD250 Including breakfast and to facilitate various experiences in South Korea.
    [Show full text]
  • GATT BIBLIOGRAPHY: THIRD Supplemnat June 1956
    GATT BIBLIOGRAPHY: THIRD SUPPLeMnaT June 1956 - July 1957 GATT Secretariat Villa Le Bocage Palais des Nations Geneva Switzerland August 1957 MGT/79/57 iCT/79/57 Page 1 GATT BIBLI0GR.1PHÏ; THIRD SUPPLEMENT INTRODUCTION The GATT Bibliography was first published in March 1954- and covered the period from 194-7 to the end of 1953. The First Supplement covered the period from January 1954- to June 1955. A. number of items falling within the earlier period, but not recorded in the original Bibliography-, were included. The Second Supplement covered the period from June 1955 to June 1956. The Third Supplement covers the period from June 1956 to august 1957. It includes a few items not reported in earlier Supplements. The main events referred to in the Third Supplement are: (a) the Fourth Tariff Conference, which was held at Geneva, 18 January to 23 May 1956, (b) the Eleventh Session of the Contracting Parties, which was held at Geneva, 11 October to 17 November 1956. Note: ' The GATT Bibliography and its Supplements do not include a list of items published by the GATT secretariat. This is contained in the List of Official Material relating to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, obtainable on request from the secretariat. MGT/79/57 Page 2 i252 L'accord General sur les Tarifs Douaniers et le Commerce5 lOème session de Genève 27 octobre - 3 décembre 1955. Archives internationales Pharos (Paris) 20 décembre 1955. Bibliographies de l'OECE - OECii bibliographies, No. 2, commerce inter­ national, théorie de l'échange international, politique commerciale internationale, libération des échanges - International trade, theory of international trade, international trade policy, trade liberalization, 1950-1955.
    [Show full text]
  • Inter-Korean Maritime Dynamics in the Northeast Asian Context César Ducruet, Stanislas Roussin
    Inter-Korean maritime dynamics in the Northeast Asian context César Ducruet, Stanislas Roussin To cite this version: César Ducruet, Stanislas Roussin. Inter-Korean maritime dynamics in the Northeast Asian context: Peninsular integration or North Korea’s pragmatism?. North / South Interfaces in the Korean Penin- sula, Dec 2008, Paris, France. halshs-00463620 HAL Id: halshs-00463620 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00463620 Submitted on 13 Mar 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Inter-Korean Maritime Dynamics in the Northeast Asian Context Peninsular Integration or North Korea’s Pragmatism? Draft paper International Workshop on “North / South Interfaces in the Korean Peninsula” EHESS, Paris, December 17-19, 2008 César DUCRUET1 Stanislas ROUSSIN Centre National de la Recherche General Manager & Head of Scientifique (CNRS) Research Department UMR 8504 Géographie-cités / SERIC COREE Equipe P.A.R.I.S. 1302 Byucksan Digital Valley V 13 rue du Four 60-73 Gasan-dong, Geumcheon-gu F-75006 Paris Seoul 153-801 France Republic of Korea Tel. +33 (0)140-464-000 Tel: +82 (0)2-2082-5613 Fax +33(0)140-464-009 Fax: +82 (0)2-2082-5616 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Abstract.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to MS400 Thomas Family Papers
    University of Texas at El Paso ScholarWorks@UTEP Finding Aids Special Collections Department 5-2011 Guide to MS400 Thomas Family Papers Andy Moreno Roberta (Bobbi) Sago Laura Hollingsed University of Texas at El Paso, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.utep.edu/finding_aid This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections Department at ScholarWorks@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Finding Aids by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Guide to MS 400 Thomas Family Papers Span Dates 1915-1958 Bulk Dates 1948-1956 3 feet, 5 inches (linear) Processed by Andy Moreno and Bobbi Sago, July 1999 Updated by Laura Hollingsed, May 2011 Citation: Thomas Family Papers, 1915-1958, MS 400, C.L. Sonnichsen Special Collections Department. The University of Texas at El Paso Library. C.L. Sonnichsen Special Collections Department The University of Texas at El Paso MS400 2 Thomas Family Papers Biography Paul D. Thomas, born about 1884 in Cleveland, Tennessee, came to El Paso, Texas in the early twentieth century, where he practiced law and later served as judge. He married Lillian Farr. Their son, Paul Farr Thomas, was born on September 15, 1920, and became a real estate broker and prominent farmer and rancher in Fabens, Texas. He graduated from Austin High School in El Paso and Amherst College in Massachusetts. During World War II, he was a ball turret gunner in a B-24 plane in the South Pacific. He served as Superintendent of the El Paso County Livestock Show and Rodeo, Director of the El Paso Valley Cotton Association, President of the Farmers’ Gin, and Democratic Chairman of Precinct 90 for thirty years.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Korean History by Charles
    HIST 108: Introduction to East Asian History – Korea Spring 2017 Charles Kim (University of Wisconsin-Madison) The Cheonggye Stream in Seoul: From the turn of the 20th century to the early 21st century Course Description: Korea has a long and rich history that provides a unique vantage point for understanding major processes in East Asia and the world. This course explores Korean history from the fourteenth century to the present. The first part of the course delves into Confucian social changes during the Joseon (Chosŏn) Dynasty (1392- 1910). The second part focuses on social realities for Koreans under Japanese colonial rule (1910-1945). The final part turns to the contemporary era (1945 to present) to shed light on national division, social movements, and everyday life in South Korea and North Korea. Course Objectives: 1) Acquire a solid understanding of the major eras, political events, social realities, and intellectual trends in Korean history, 1392 to present. 2) Hone your ability to identify historically significant information in primary sources, short stories, and films. 3) Engage in historical thinking. 4) Make connections between texts, course topics, and broader issues of the past and present—within and beyond Korea. 5) Learn interactively. Required Texts: Kyung Moon Hwang, A History of Korea: An Episodic Narrative, 2nd ed. (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017). Referred to in Course Schedule as “Hwang.” Other readings and films will be made available for students to view electronically on or through Canvas on Learn@UW: https://learnuw.wisc.edu/ Course Requirements: 1) Participation: 13% 2) Facilitate Discussion: 2% (A number of you may end up doing this with a partner).
    [Show full text]
  • The K-Pop Wave: an Economic Analysis
    The K-pop Wave: An Economic Analysis Patrick A. Messerlin1 Wonkyu Shin2 (new revision October 6, 2013) ABSTRACT This paper first shows the key role of the Korean entertainment firms in the K-pop wave: they have found the right niche in which to operate— the ‘dance-intensive’ segment—and worked out a very innovative mix of old and new technologies for developing the Korean comparative advantages in this segment. Secondly, the paper focuses on the most significant features of the Korean market which have contributed to the K-pop success in the world: the relative smallness of this market, its high level of competition, its lower prices than in any other large developed country, and its innovative ways to cope with intellectual property rights issues. Thirdly, the paper discusses the many ways the K-pop wave could ensure its sustainability, in particular by developing and channeling the huge pool of skills and resources of the current K- pop stars to new entertainment and art activities. Last but not least, the paper addresses the key issue of the ‘Koreanness’ of the K-pop wave: does K-pop send some deep messages from and about Korea to the world? It argues that it does. Keywords: Entertainment; Comparative advantages; Services; Trade in services; Internet; Digital music; Technologies; Intellectual Property Rights; Culture; Koreanness. JEL classification: L82, O33, O34, Z1 Acknowledgements: We thank Dukgeun Ahn, Jinwoo Choi, Keun Lee, Walter G. Park and the participants to the seminars at the Graduate School of International Studies of Seoul National University, Hanyang University and STEPI (Science and Technology Policy Institute).
    [Show full text]
  • Corporate Hierarchies, Genres of Management, and Shifting Control in South Korea’S Corporate World
    Ranks & Files: Corporate Hierarchies, Genres of Management, and Shifting Control in South Korea’s Corporate World by Michael Morgan Prentice A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology) in The University of Michigan 2017 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Matthew Hull, Chair Associate Professor Juhn Young Ahn Professor Gerald F. Davis Associate Professor Michael Paul Lempert Professor Barbra A. Meek Professor Erik A. Mueggler Michael Morgan Prentice [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0003-2981-7850 © Michael Morgan Prentice 2017 Acknowledgments A doctoral program is inexorably linked to the document – this one – that summarizes the education, research, and development of a student and their ideas over the course of many years. The single authorship of such documents is often an aftereffect only once a text is completed. Indeed, while I have written all the words on these pages and am responsible for them, the influences behind the words extend to many people and places over the course of many years whose myriad contributions must be mentioned. This dissertation project has been generously funded at various stages. Prefield work research and coursework were funded through summer and academic year FLAS Grants from the University of Michigan, a Korea Foundation pre-doctoral fellowship, and a SeAH-Haiam Arts & Sciences summer fellowship. Research in South Korea was aided by a Korea Foundation Language Grant, a Fulbright-IIE Research grant, a Wenner-Gren Dissertation Fieldwork Grant, and a Rackham Centennial Award. The dissertation writing stage was supported by the Rackham Humanities fellowship, a Social Sciences Research Council Korean Studies Dissertation Workshop, and the Core University Program for Korean Studies through the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and Korean Studies Promotion Service of the Academy of Korean Studies (AKS-2016-OLU-2240001).
    [Show full text]