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January–June 2000 • $10.00 / Return to Pyongyang, North Korea • Red China’s Last Streetcars • Plus, Expanded News Section

RED LASTCHINA’S STREETCARS

ture windows in front. They belong to the 8000 series; most have bow collectors, DALIAN but some have pantographs. The line is mostly, but not all, catenary. These brightly- Last word. (above) Dalian 8007 arrives painted cars, red and yellow or bright blue, are the newest on the system, recent at Black Stone Reef terminus. products of the local factory. The carbarn for lines 201 and 203 is at Jiefang (Liberation) Square, north of the bridge. Here, too, bemused attendants let me walk in and photograph the variety etter to ride the of equipment stored here. This barn also has a workshop, where the 2000s and 8000s cars sooner than are maintained. Its storage tracks contained a few of the old but beautifully main- Blater, since the tained 3000s, a couple of the 1000-type cars from the 1950s, and a few of the artic- future of Changchun ulated cars of the 621 series. Altogether, Dalian has about 100 cars, most of them the looks dark, lack old 3000s and the modern 2000s and 8000s (I have not been able to get up-to-date and the figures). Except for the 7000s of 1983, the other series have definitely been phased of modernization at out and most of them apparently been scrapped. This is a living, modern system Anshan does not seem which looks as if it is here to stay. an optimistic sign. Conclusion China’s streetcars are well worth the visit, but they are generally poorly known. Tourists flock to Beijing, Xian, Shanghai and the famous scenic won- ders, but few make the trip to Manchuria. During my visit, I saw other westerners only in Dalian, which is a big center for business and commerce. Changchun, though, has attractions of real interest, as do Shenyang and Harbin (even though their streetcars are long gone). Accommodation and food are no problem, but don’t expect many people to speak English. Maps which show the transit lines (in Chinese only) are usually on sale at railway stations and hotels. I found a map a necessity in Changchun, where the streetcar line is far from the center. Better to ride the cars sooner than later, since the future of Changchun looks dark, and the lack of modernization at Anshan does not seem an optimistic sign. Each system is very different and has attractions of its own. In addition, Hong Kong (which is not included here since it was not part of China until 1997) has its old system with double-deck trams, as well as a new metro and light rail (see Headlights, October–December 1997, p.19–20). All in all, the streetcars can add an interesting dimension to a trip to China. |

36 headlights | january–june 2000 Table of Contents January June 2000

The Magazine of Electric Railways Published since 1939 by the Electric Railroaders’ Association, Inc.

Volume 62, Number 1–6 January–June, 2000

Staff COLUMNS editor and art director Sandy Campbell News contributing authors Light rail developments from around the world highlight Headlight’s 3 NEW ORLEANS Russ Davies, Peter W. Duckett, Clive Foss, newly expanded news section. Malcolm R. Gaddis, Harold W. Geissenheimer, James N. J. Henwood, George K. Isaacs, Frank S. Miklos, Bruce Russell Book Reviews New Cars for Rebuilt and J. William Vigrass By James N. J. Henwood. Reviews of Pueblo’s Steel Town Trolleys and 14 South Shore: The Last Interurban, Revised Second Edition. Electric Railroaders’ Riverfront Line Association, Inc. FEATURES | Return to Pyongyang Ofﬁcers & Directors By Clive Foss. Public transportation has made steady improvements in 16 president Frank S. Miklos the last two years, writer/photographer Clive Foss discovers on his second ﬁrst vice president visit to the secretive North Korean capital. Arthur J. Lonto second vice president; corresponding secretary Red China’s Last Streetcars Neil Wotherspoon By Clive Foss. The once extensive systems of Beijing and Shanghai are 24 third vice president; recording secretary long gone. Only in Manchuria, where Soviet influence has always been William K. Guild strongest, can China’s three surviving systems be found. director Edward Crew, Jr. treasurer; trip & conv. chairman; librarian ON THE COVER Richard C. Evans Pyongyang, North Korea. Narrow gauge ex-Zurich cars 111/211 entering Jonsung station on membership secretary the line built to serve the Great Leader’s mausoleum. clive foss Lewis Hitch Anshan, China. (below) Anshan 1012, one of the fleet’s workhorses, running at speed in the National Headquarters Grand Central Terminal, New York City right-of-way next to the steel mill. clive foss Mailing Address P.O. Box 3323, Grand Central Station jack may New York, NY 10163-3323 New Orleans’ venerable Perley By Frank Miklos incorporate windows that closely resemble E-Mail Thomas-built streetcars still pro- [email protected] the other side windows in the car to protect vide dependable electric service ew cars patterned after the ones on the basic Perley Thomas design. The interior Subscriptions on the oldest continuously- the St. Charles line have replaced seating arrangement is modified to accom- Headlights is sent free to members of the ERA. operated rail transit line in the the original rolling stock on the Applications for ERA membership N modate wheelchairs. All seats are of tradi- are supplied upon request. United States. No. 969, rebuilt Riverfront line. When the line was first tional wooden slat construction. Changes of Address several times since being con- opened, a makeshift fleet was assembled. It Send address changes to the ERA along with structed in 1927, is shown in the included some Perley Thomas cars built for Riverfront Line Rebuilt in 1998 an old address label from a recent issue. city’s Garden District, operating New Orleans that were reacquired from The Riverfront line was built for standard Correspondence inbound on St. Charles Avenue. museums, along with some W-2 cars from All inquiries regarding the activities of the ERA should gauge service on industrial trackage along be directed to our New York headquarters. This once lush carpet of green Melbourne, Australia. the Mississippi and was rushed to comple- grass on the center reservation tion in time for the 1988 Republican Contributions of St. Charles and Carrollton The new Riverfront streetcars were con- Send all items for publication in Headlights Convention. The single track operation to the editor. Manuscripts should be submitted Avenues is now shared with structed at the Carrollton shops and are proved so popular that passing sidings on diskette, e-mailed to [email protected], joggers, who dodge the frequent equipped with PCC trucks and controls from were replaced with double track along its or typewritten. Photos, illustrations streetcars and tear up the lawn CKD-Tatra (originally, rebuilt trucks and con- and maps are needed as well. Please send original entire length. The line was completely shut negatives or slides when possible and with their running shoes. trols from SEPTA PCCs were to be used). The down in the fall of 1998 and was rebuilt include descriptions for each image along cars sport the red paint scheme that was with broad gauge track to be compatible with your name and address. applied to the standard gauge cars they dis- with the St. Charles line. Tracks were rein- © 2000 electric railroaders’ assoc., inc. placed. Extra doors for wheelchair lifts were stalled on Canal Street to provide a con- all rights reserved. 2/5/01 installed in place of the third and fourth win- nection to the Carrollton depot. dows on each side of the car. These doors

2 headlights | january–june 2000 headlights | january–june 2000 3 Table of Contents January June 2000

The Magazine of Electric Railways Published since 1939 by the Electric Railroaders’ Association, Inc.

Volume 62, Number 1–6 January–June, 2000

2 headlights | january–june 2000 headlights | january–june 2000 3 headlights news jack may jack may

Above, No. 2001, built as a proto- Left, Tatra PCC is shown near the Above, the connection between Plans call for the restoration type for the restoration of the foot of Canal Street. CKD-Tatra, the tracks from Canal Street and of streetcar service on Canal Canal Street line, is shown a Czech company that has built the rebuilt Riverfront line (RTA Street to the old Cemeteries between Carondelet Street and thousands of PCC-type streetcars route map at right), with one of terminal. Replica cars with St. Charles Avenue. It shuttles for tramway systems in former the “new” broad-gauge cars, is modern propulsion equipment between Barrone Street and a Soviet-block countries, brought shown in this view from a pedes- and air conditioning are center turnback track near Peters this demonstrator car to the trian bridge that links New planned for that service. The Street, just before Canal reaches United States. The double-ended Orleans’ main thoroughfare with first of these cars has been the Mississippi. Alongside it is a T-6 unit, equipped with air the Algiers ferry. The car’s body, completed and is used on a crossover to the St. Charles line, conditioning and trolley poles, which accurately resembles the Canal Street shuttle service where cars from the St. Charles has been operating in New Perley-Thomas 900-series, was between Carondelet Street and the Riverfront. It differs from the new Riverfront line swing onto Canal Street as Orleans since 1999. It carries pas- built by Gomaco, while its electric cars in having wheelchair lift doors in the center of the car and a deck roof to part of their downtown loop. sengers between the temporary equipment was supplied by Tatra. conceal the air conditioning equipment. Also in use on that service is a single end of track on Canal Street at The standard-gauge track along- Deck roof cars like this one can unit demonstrator car from CKD Tatra of a modern double-end design. All equip- Barrone and the outer end of the side the levee that protects the be very nostalgic if they look like ment is based at the Carrollton Depot and must use the trackage on St. Charles Riverfront line at Esplanade. Crescent City from ﬂoods is used authentic street railway rolling Avenue when pulling into and out of service. While this provides many interest- by freight trains that serve the stock built at the beginning of the ing photo opportunities, no passengers are permitted to ride on Riverfront or remaining industries and ware- century. Unfortunately No. 2001, Canal Street cars deadheading to or from the depot. houses along the Mississippi. misses the mark; its ungainly clerestory was built in a mis- Additional streetcar lines are proposed if the funding can be secured. guided attempt to hide the air Meanwhile the traction scene in the Crescent city is one of continuing conditioning equipment. interest with an expanding fleet of home built cars.

regional transit authority (rta) 2817 canal street, new orleans, la. 70119; (504) 242-2600 www.regionaltransit.org jack may

4 headlights | january–june 2000 headlights | january–june 2000 5 headlights news jack may jack may

regional transit authority (rta) 2817 canal street, new orleans, la. 70119; (504) 242-2600 www.regionaltransit.org jack may

4 headlights | january–june 2000 headlights | january–june 2000 5 headlights news

MELBOURNE beyond Stud Road, while the Epping line to South WASHINGTON other would see trams turn- Morang over an old railway Line Extensions ing into a concourse inside grade. A third track will Busy Metro On the Way Knox City. This will mark the be added to the Belgrave- Extends Hours third extension of this tram Lilydale line (possibly By Peter W. Duckett The Metro Board adopted route in recent years. between Mitcham and a budget on June 7 which The state government has Blackburn) along with sec- makes permanent the announced a $70 million Under this program, three tions of the Pakenham and 1 am closing time for Metro (Australian) investment in of the area’s suburban Cranbourne lines. This will service on Fridays and rail transit improvements electric railway lines will allow the introduction of Saturdays. It also author- scheduled for completion be extended as well. The express services to speed ized a one year trial of a in 2003. Under this program Broadmeadows line will be travel to outlying areas. 2 am closing beginning on the East Burwood tram line extended to Craigieburn June 30, 2000. Service will will be extended to the Knox while the Cranbourne line LONDON be improved on 25 bus City Shopping Center. The will be extended to East routes and eight new bus extension will run on private Cranbourne. Both of these Croydon routes will be established. right-of-way in the median of operations will involve the MINNESOTA Tramlink Opens The changes come in the Burwood Highway for an electrification of existing Trams returned to streets in response to a surge in rider- extra 20 stops to one of diesel passenger trackage. the London area when the ship, and to restore service Twin City PCC two possible terminals. Another new service will first section of the Croydon cuts made during the reces- One would be located just see the extension of the Tramlink service opened on sion of the early 1990s. Returns May 10. The route between The board also announced KENOSHA Croydon and New that the last segment of the Green Line will open three Rapid Transit. They replaced Above, Twin City Rapid Transit Addington began operation By George K. Isaacs New Streetcar Line Opts months ahead of schedule. two PCC cars that were badly No. 322 (ex-PSNJ/NJT No. 3, at noon with free rides It was projected to begin he Minnesota Transportation Museum’s Como-Harriet damaged in an accident. SHRT/Cleveland RTA No. 3) at for Updated PCCs offered on that date (regular service early in 2001 and Streetcar Line has completed the restoration of former The two cars retained their Linden Hills station, Lake Harriet, Dedication of Kenosha’s new streetcar line is scheduled fares applied beginning the should now start operating Twin City Rapid Transit Company PCC car Number Newark numbers until they in May. john dewitt for June 16, 2000. The new route will operate between the next day). Croydon is a rap- T before the end of 2000. 322. The car was returned to service on the museum’s line were retired by the Greater Metra commuter rail station and a new park and residen- idly developing suburb of following a rededication ceremony on May 20, 2000. Cleveland RTA in 1983. tial development fronting on Lake Michigan where the London with many high rise American Motors plant was once located. offices and apartments. SACRAMENTO Number 322 was part of the first order of 40 PCC cars that Both cars were acquired from Cleveland in July 1990. They were purchased from the St. Louis Car Company in January of were shipped to the museum’s Jackson Street roundhouse Wheelchair Lifts Added Three Routes Ground Broken 1944 at a cost of just under $21,000 per car. The car was built in St. Paul for storage. In 1992 the Minnesota Transportation A fleet of five PCC cars from Toronto was acquired for this The full Croydon Tramlink in December 1946 and placed in service in January 1947. Museum leased a work bay at the Metro Transit service. They have been modified to include a wheelchair system has three routes, for 6-Mile South The cars in this order were all equipped with General Electric Commission’s bus overhaul base. While there, the interior lift at the center door and will be painted various liveries as including service to Line Extension motors and controls. They were first stationed at the Snelling was stripped to the underframe and major body and truck was done in San Francisco. The first car will retain its Wimbledon. The Beckenham Ground was broken on barns and shop in St. Paul where they were assigned to the work was carried out. The yellow portion of the car sides and Toronto colors while the second car will utilize the yellow Junction portion of the line November 5, 1999 for the “Interurban Line” between Minneapolis and St. Paul. This ends were painted at the base. In August 1997 the car was paint scheme that was applied to PCCs in Cincinnati. Their to Elmers End opened on new South Line between busy line followed University Avenue for most of its route and moved to the Linden Hills carbarn at Lake Harriet for electri- Toronto trucks will be replaced with standard gauge PCC May 23 while the Wimble- downtown Sacramento and the group of PCCs assigned to that service were originally cal work and the completion of the interior. trucks from Chicago’s 6000-series rapid transit cars. don and Elmers End services equipped for two man operation. began on May 30. Meadowview. The six-mile route will serve a busy corri- The complete restoration took eight years of work by over The new line will be operated by the city’s Department of dor where bus service is Twin City Rapid Transit had a total of 141 PCC cars on its 50 volunteers representing over 11,000 man hours. The Transportation, which also provides the local bus service. Several rail services surround heavily used. It is expected roster including one air electric car that was diverted from restoration cost just under $50,000 including the cost of Plans call for service only on Mondays through Saturdays Croydon. The new tram to add 15,000 light rail riders a Pittsburgh order. They were used on major routes in both transporting the two cars. since there is no Sunday bus service in Kenosha. A 15 system connects many of to the system. Work is also cities until 1953 when they were sold to Newark, Shaker minute base service is envisioned with a single car operat- these lines with the down- moving forward on light rail Heights and Mexico City. Number 322 was part of 30 PCCs minnesota transportation museum ing on the two-mile counter-clockwise loop. Additional cars town core. A fleet of low-floor extensions to Sunrise and that were sold to Public Service Coordinated Transport for 193 pennsylvania ave. e may be added during peak periods. cars sporting London’s tradi- the City of Folsom where use in the Newark City Subway where it became car st. paul, minn. 55101-4319 tional red paint scheme pro- service is projected to begin Number 3. In 1977 it was sold along with car Number 27 (651) 228-0263; (800) 711-2591 vides the service. Fares are in 2002. (originally Twin City Number 416) to the Greater Cleveland www.mtmuseum.org integrated with those of the Regional Transit Authority for use on the Shaker Heights buses and the Underground.

6 headlights | january–june 2000 headlights | january–june 2000 7 headlights news

MELBOURNE beyond Stud Road, while the Epping line to South WASHINGTON other would see trams turn- Morang over an old railway Line Extensions ing into a concourse inside grade. A third track will Busy Metro On the Way Knox City. This will mark the be added to the Belgrave- Extends Hours third extension of this tram Lilydale line (possibly By Peter W. Duckett The Metro Board adopted route in recent years. between Mitcham and a budget on June 7 which The state government has Blackburn) along with sec- makes permanent the announced a $70 million Under this program, three tions of the Pakenham and 1 am closing time for Metro (Australian) investment in of the area’s suburban Cranbourne lines. This will service on Fridays and rail transit improvements electric railway lines will allow the introduction of Saturdays. It also author- scheduled for completion be extended as well. The express services to speed ized a one year trial of a in 2003. Under this program Broadmeadows line will be travel to outlying areas. 2 am closing beginning on the East Burwood tram line extended to Craigieburn June 30, 2000. Service will will be extended to the Knox while the Cranbourne line LONDON be improved on 25 bus City Shopping Center. The will be extended to East routes and eight new bus extension will run on private Cranbourne. Both of these Croydon routes will be established. right-of-way in the median of operations will involve the MINNESOTA Tramlink Opens The changes come in the Burwood Highway for an electrification of existing Trams returned to streets in response to a surge in rider- extra 20 stops to one of diesel passenger trackage. the London area when the ship, and to restore service Twin City PCC two possible terminals. Another new service will first section of the Croydon cuts made during the reces- One would be located just see the extension of the Tramlink service opened on sion of the early 1990s. Returns May 10. The route between The board also announced KENOSHA Croydon and New that the last segment of the Green Line will open three Rapid Transit. They replaced Above, Twin City Rapid Transit Addington began operation By George K. Isaacs New Streetcar Line Opts months ahead of schedule. two PCC cars that were badly No. 322 (ex-PSNJ/NJT No. 3, at noon with free rides It was projected to begin he Minnesota Transportation Museum’s Como-Harriet damaged in an accident. SHRT/Cleveland RTA No. 3) at for Updated PCCs offered on that date (regular service early in 2001 and Streetcar Line has completed the restoration of former The two cars retained their Linden Hills station, Lake Harriet, Dedication of Kenosha’s new streetcar line is scheduled fares applied beginning the should now start operating Twin City Rapid Transit Company PCC car Number Newark numbers until they in May. john dewitt for June 16, 2000. The new route will operate between the next day). Croydon is a rap- T before the end of 2000. 322. The car was returned to service on the museum’s line were retired by the Greater Metra commuter rail station and a new park and residen- idly developing suburb of following a rededication ceremony on May 20, 2000. Cleveland RTA in 1983. tial development fronting on Lake Michigan where the London with many high rise American Motors plant was once located. offices and apartments. Number 322 was part of the first order of 40 PCC cars that Both cars were acquired from Cleveland in July 1990. They SACRAMENTO were purchased from the St. Louis Car Company in January of were shipped to the museum’s Jackson Street roundhouse Wheelchair Lifts Added Three Routes Ground Broken 1944 at a cost of just under $21,000 per car. The car was built in St. Paul for storage. In 1992 the Minnesota Transportation A fleet of five PCC cars from Toronto was acquired for this The full Croydon Tramlink in December 1946 and placed in service in January 1947. Museum leased a work bay at the Metro Transit service. They have been modified to include a wheelchair system has three routes, for 6-Mile South The cars in this order were all equipped with General Electric Commission’s bus overhaul base. While there, the interior lift at the center door and will be painted various liveries as including service to Line Extension motors and controls. They were first stationed at the Snelling was stripped to the underframe and major body and truck was done in San Francisco. The first car will retain its Wimbledon. The Beckenham Ground was broken on barns and shop in St. Paul where they were assigned to the work was carried out. The yellow portion of the car sides and Toronto colors while the second car will utilize the yellow Junction portion of the line November 5, 1999 for the “Interurban Line” between Minneapolis and St. Paul. This ends were painted at the base. In August 1997 the car was paint scheme that was applied to PCCs in Cincinnati. Their to Elmers End opened on new South Line between busy line followed University Avenue for most of its route and moved to the Linden Hills carbarn at Lake Harriet for electri- Toronto trucks will be replaced with standard gauge PCC May 23 while the Wimble- downtown Sacramento and the group of PCCs assigned to that service were originally cal work and the completion of the interior. trucks from Chicago’s 6000-series rapid transit cars. don and Elmers End services equipped for two man operation. began on May 30. Meadowview. The six-mile route will serve a busy corri- The complete restoration took eight years of work by over The new line will be operated by the city’s Department of dor where bus service is Twin City Rapid Transit had a total of 141 PCC cars on its 50 volunteers representing over 11,000 man hours. The Transportation, which also provides the local bus service. Several rail services surround heavily used. It is expected roster including one air electric car that was diverted from restoration cost just under $50,000 including the cost of Plans call for service only on Mondays through Saturdays Croydon. The new tram to add 15,000 light rail riders a Pittsburgh order. They were used on major routes in both transporting the two cars. since there is no Sunday bus service in Kenosha. A 15 system connects many of to the system. Work is also cities until 1953 when they were sold to Newark, Shaker minute base service is envisioned with a single car operat- these lines with the down- moving forward on light rail Heights and Mexico City. Number 322 was part of 30 PCCs minnesota transportation museum ing on the two-mile counter-clockwise loop. Additional cars town core. A fleet of low-floor extensions to Sunrise and that were sold to Public Service Coordinated Transport for 193 pennsylvania ave. e may be added during peak periods. cars sporting London’s tradi- the City of Folsom where use in the Newark City Subway where it became car st. paul, minn. 55101-4319 tional red paint scheme pro- service is projected to begin Number 3. In 1977 it was sold along with car Number 27 (651) 228-0263; (800) 711-2591 vides the service. Fares are in 2002. (originally Twin City Number 416) to the Greater Cleveland www.mtmuseum.org integrated with those of the Regional Transit Authority for use on the Shaker Heights buses and the Underground.

6 headlights | january–june 2000 headlights | january–june 2000 7 headlights news bruce russell, 1996 russell, bruce

CALIFORNIA San Jose Railroad Cars 143 and 129 meet at the San Jose Railroad switch in front of the ﬁre station. mac gaddis Right, with the author as its motorman, Car 143 makes its ﬁrst trip out of the car barn under its own Gets a New Birney power on April 29, 1998. bruce russell, 1996 russell, bruce

Top, a 1928 era ex-Milan Peter By Malcolm R. “Mac” Gaddis motors, seats, controllers, compressor and all the other hard- dard-gauge Birney truck with traction motors and brake rig- work to do before it could ware needed for a complete Birney car. ging took nearly two years. A pair of 35 horsepower Witt streetcar poses with several transport the public. Our Mr. Gaddis is vice president of operations and electrical engineer Westinghouse motors that had spent some time under water 1986 Canadian-built light rail scratch-built seats, windows, for the California Trolley and Railroad Corp. Previously he worked for Rebuilding Begins were found. Gears had to be made along with axles and sup- vehicles at the end of the San sanders and air doors had to 35 years at Southern Pacific and SCCTA for 10 years. Rebuilding the roof was started. The steel ends were pulled port bearings. The motors were too large to fit in the standard Jose light rail line. be finished, the safety catches to replace all the wood work. Some 42" gauge car trucks were Brill truck, so the frame had to be modified. One complete Above, a 1934 vintage former had to be installed, and the n 1988 we received a phone call from MUNI informing us located that were used in a motorized cable car near the old K63 controller was found and a second was built up from var- Porto, Portugal single-truck trol- trip had to work perfectly. that they were going to pick up a couple of old trolleys from Betteravia sugar beet plant by Santa Maris. The trucks origi- ious collections of parts and scratch building. ley operating on a short stretch Ia backyard in Firestone, California. If we were interested in nally came out of a Los Angeles Railway Birney car and were of track inside Kelley Park. It is Finally, the car was dedicated picking it up, the property also then cut up to fund under a cable car. Constructing a stan- Last Minute Problems based on a 1907 design from Brill on August 20, 1998, when all contained a very rusty 1922 Right, Fresno Birney Car 68 body After the truck was nearing completion, it was moved under of Philadelphia. of the volunteer workers had a Birney car body that would in Firestone, Calif., 1988. the car for the first time in March 1998 using its own motors. barbeque and San Jose otherwise be flattened out and There were a number of differences in spring base locations Railroad No. 143 was shown in action on two TV stations. scrapped. (Birneys are named after their designer, Mr. and other fittings. It was then that we found out that the car Charles Birney, who worked for the Stone and Webster Co. at was a St. Louis product and the reconstruction was following a The CTRC was formed in 1994 by the merger of the San Jose the time.) It had no windows, roof or floor and had found its Brill drawing. In addition to St. Louis Car Co., Birney cars were Trolley Corp. and the Santa Clara Valley Railroad Assoc. Its way north from Fresno several years earlier. Three of us drove built by the Brill Corp., the American Car Co. and others. So mission is to restore, preserve and interpret railroad equip- there with a flat bed truck and picked up the remains. after a few trips back and forth alterations were made to fit the ment as it was used to serve the people in Santa Clara Valley, Afterwards the rusting hulk sat at the County Light Rail Facility body. The first time power was applied to the car with a stan- California. for a couple of years where I was then Manager of Historic dard 7 ohm resistor in the first position and the 35 horsepower Trolleys. I decided it would have to be moved to the San Jose motors, the car just about leaped off the track. After a number california trolley and railroad corp. Trolley Barn before I retired, orgo to the dump. So the Birney of tests it was found that 17 ohms in the first step made a very 1600 senter road, san jose, calif. 95112 was moved to the San Jose Trolley Barn at Kelly Park in late smooth start. The new San Jose Railroad Birney first properly (408)924-7560; www.ctrc.org 1992. Hunting started in high gear looking for trucks, traction moved out of the shop on April 29, 1998, but there was still

8 headlights | january–june 2000 headlights | january–june 2000 9 headlights news bruce russell, 1996 russell, bruce

8 headlights | january–june 2000 headlights | january–june 2000 9 10 montage by sandy campbell using market street railway photos headlights |january–june 2000 T Line Opens Wharves & F-Market SAN FRANCISCO headlights news connect withacrosstown subwaythatwouldterminate inthe depot. Longrange planscallfortheThirdStreet lineto the N-Judahtrackadjacentto SanFranciscoCaltrain five miles.Thefirstsectionofthis servicewillconnectwith station ontheCaltraincommuter line,adistanceofabout light raillinealongThirdStreet as fartheBayshore Construction willsoonbeginon thesurfaceportionofa Line for Third Street Plans buses totheSanFranciscoMunicipalRailway. and donatedanumberofvintagestreetcars,cablecars of historictransitvehiclesinSanFrancisco.Ithasacquired non-profit groupdedicatedtothepreservationandoperation Market StreetRailway,foundedin1976,isanallvolunteer Harrison StreetrampfromtheMuniMetrosubway. would sharetrackagewiththeN-Judahlinesouthof required beforeanyfutureexpansionispossible.TheE-line is atleastthreeyearsaway.Munisaysthatmorecarsare between Fisherman’sWharfandtheCaltrainDepot,butthis Terminal forafutureE-Embarcaderolinethatwouldoperate Rails andswitchesareinplacejustsouthoftheFerry of aservicedisruption. support forretainingthosetracksshortturnsintheevent the streetcarservicetoTransbayTerminal.Thereissome service onthe32-Embarcaderoroute.Alsodiscontinuedwas ing standingloads.TheF-lineextensionreplacesthebus new serviceisalreadyswamped,withcarsfrequentlycarry- of Fisherman’sWharfopenedonMarch4,2000.The from MarketStreetalongthewaterfronttoheart he extensionofSanFrancisco’shistoricstreetcarline (415) 863-1775; www.streetcar.org street, san francisco,870 calif. market 94102 railway street market (415) 923-6864; www.sfmuni.com 949 presidioavenue, san francisco, calif. 94115 (muni) railway san francisco municipal passengers attendinggamesatthenewstadium. has sinceadjusteditsoperationstorespondtheneedsof displeasure ofwaitingpassengers.TheCaltrainmanagement operate pastcertainstationswithoutstopping,muchtothe service, forcingsometrainsto overwhelmed theCaltrain stadium’s openingday,fans the Caltraindepot.On N-Judah line,oneblockfrom which issituatedonthe portation toreachtheballpark Fans areusingpublictrans- new homeoftheGiants. Bell baseballstadium,the the openingofnewPacific receiving abigboostfrom Transit inSanFranciscois Positive is Impact Bell Pac uncertainty atthistime. considerable funding—an The subwaywillrequire North Beach-Chinatownarea. turned out,soapathy was only 9<%ofthe voters by a70%margin.However, ing theproposalwhichlost largely creditedwithdefeat- nents oftheplanwas advertising blitzbyoppo- in thatcity.Alastminute finance alightrailsystem impose a1/4¢taxto Voters rejectedaplanto Rail Light Reject Minority of Majority SAN ANTONIO fwynear Pier17. of-way 1059 ontheEmbarcadero right- PCC Boston Elevated Railway under construction, and still Building stop, theFerry 1054 at 1052 and Building, PCCs the Ferry south of 1054 just Cheese” PCC passing Philadelphia “Cream Street, Melbournetram 496 onJefferson Wharf Fisherman’s of through theheart rumbles top right,1914 Muni car 130 March 4,2000.Clockwise from on activities Below, openingday resembleto aBrooklyn trolley. painted former PCC Philadelphia a on the San Francisco “F-Line”is used the streetcars Above, oneof in theUnitedStates andits last industrialelectric lines operation. Thisisoneofthe Company’s electricfreight Texas Transportation ity whichisservedbythe closing itsSanAntoniofacil- has announcedthatitis Meanwhile thePearlBrewery Line for Brewery Call Last system. voters abouttheproposed good jobofinformingthe transit agencydidnotdoa community feltthatthe also afactor.Someinthe

bruce russell museums, theTexas serve majoruniversities, have 17stationsandwill completed in2004.Itwill $300 millionlinecouldbe according toschedulethe the Astrodome.Ifallgoes between downtownand for a7Amtrak shorts. substance causedelectrical than aweekwhende-icer was shutdownformore rail. Earlierthisyeartheline enced ontheairportmono- problems havebeenexperi- This isnotthefirsttimethat Up Short Comes De-icing through andcauserusting. Moisture wasabletoseep plating tothegirders. welds bondingthesteel caused crackstodevelopin the system.Adesignflaw which builtandmaintains carried outbyAdTranz the trains.Theworkwillbe steel plateswhichsupport to repairrustdamage closed forseveralmonths International Airportwillbe The monorailatNewark Grounded Again Monorail Airport NEWARK support for the transit funding package. torally others with joined community business the but ure, meas- the defeat to designed campaign a conducted Tax the De-Rail itself calling group A to7.5%. 7.1% from tax sales the service. The improvements will be funded by an increase in bus city’s the of expansion amajor and line transit rail light fora aplan approved overwhelmingly voters 14 March On Line Rail Fundto Light Boost Tax Approve Sales Voters PHOENIX has signalsdatingbackmorethan75years. tion program.Howevertheremainderofrailsystem the systemwhichwererebuiltinStage1ofmoderniza- lems. Newwaysidesignalswereinstalledonportionsof the movementofcarsandrespondtooperatingprob- Hills Villageyardwheresupervisorswillbeabletotrack modern controlcenterisunderconstructionattheSouth restricting trackoccupancytoasinglecarortrain.A quent serviceonportionsofthelinethathavelongblocks ment. Thenewsignalswillbedesignedtoallowmorefre- Existing rollingstockwillberetrofittedwiththisequip- the lightrailprogramwillbedeliveredwithcabsignals. new carstobedeliveredinconjunctionwithStage2of plans fortheinstallationofnewsignalequipment.The28 awarded toHSQTechnologyofSanFranciscodevelop on Pittsburgh’slightraillines.A$7.6millioncontractwas A modernsignalsystemwillreplacethewaysidesignals New SystemReplaceWaysideto Signals Pittsburgh. todowntown route direct more faster, its of because Shannon Castle beyond suburbs the from muters com- by welcomed be will and 2003 late in completion Reconstruction of the Overbrook service is scheduled for route along with PCCs was discontinued in September 1999. This PCCs. surviving few system’s the using Shannon Castle from ashuttle to back cut was line Drake The fleet. existing the from vehicles rail light using operation in continued line Library onthe Service bridges. and roadbed deteriorated to due 1993 in closed was system the of portion Overbrook The 1980s. the in notupgraded were that lines Drake and Library Overbrook, onthe ofroute miles 12 the of rebuilding the includes project This 12. onApril system rail light Pittsburgh ofthe 2 Stage for ground broke Authority Port The 2 EnterStage Upgrades PITTSBURGH headlights |january–june 2000 11 10 montage by sandy campbell using market street railway photos headlights |january–june 2000 T connect withacrosstown subwaythatwouldterminate inthe depot. Longrange planscallfortheThirdStreet lineto the N-Judahtrackadjacentto SanFranciscoCaltrain five miles.Thefirstsectionofthis servicewillconnectwith station ontheCaltraincommuter line,adistanceofabout light raillinealongThirdStreet as fartheBayshore Construction willsoonbeginon thesurfaceportionofa Line for Third Street Plans buses totheSanFranciscoMunicipalRailway. and donatedanumberofvintagestreetcars,cablecars of historictransitvehiclesinSanFrancisco.Ithasacquired non-profit groupdedicatedtothepreservationandoperation Market StreetRailway,foundedin1976,isanallvolunteer Line Opens Wharves & F-Market SAN FRANCISCO headlights news Harrison StreetrampfromtheMuniMetrosubway. would sharetrackagewiththeN-Judahlinesouthof required beforeanyfutureexpansionispossible.TheE-line is atleastthreeyearsaway.Munisaysthatmorecarsare between Fisherman’sWharfandtheCaltrainDepot,butthis Terminal forafutureE-Embarcaderolinethatwouldoperate Rails andswitchesareinplacejustsouthoftheFerry of aservicedisruption. support forretainingthosetracksshortturnsintheevent the streetcarservicetoTransbayTerminal.Thereissome service onthe32-Embarcaderoroute.Alsodiscontinuedwas ing standingloads.TheF-lineextensionreplacesthebus new serviceisalreadyswamped,withcarsfrequentlycarry- of Fisherman’sWharfopenedonMarch4,2000.The from MarketStreetalongthewaterfronttoheart he extensionofSanFrancisco’shistoricstreetcarline turned out,soapathy was only 9<%ofthe voters by a70%margin.However, ing theproposalwhichlost largely creditedwithdefeat- nents oftheplanwas advertising blitzbyoppo- in thatcity.Alastminute finance alightrailsystem impose a1/4¢taxto Voters rejectedaplanto Rail Light Reject Minority of Majority SAN ANTONIO (415) 863-1775; www.streetcar.org street, san francisco,870 calif. market 94102 railway street market (415) 923-6864; www.sfmuni.com 949 presidioavenue, san francisco, calif. 94115 (muni) railway san francisco municipal passengers attendinggamesatthenewstadium. has sinceadjusteditsoperationstorespondtheneedsof displeasure ofwaitingpassengers.TheCaltrainmanagement operate pastcertainstationswithoutstopping,muchtothe service, forcingsometrainsto overwhelmed theCaltrain stadium’s openingday,fans the Caltraindepot.On N-Judah line,oneblockfrom which issituatedonthe portation toreachtheballpark Fans areusingpublictrans- new homeoftheGiants. Bell baseballstadium,the the openingofnewPacific receiving abigboostfrom Transit inSanFranciscois Positive is Impact Bell Pac uncertainty atthistime. considerable funding—an The subwaywillrequire North Beach-Chinatownarea. in theUnitedStates andits last industrialelectric lines operation. Thisisoneofthe Company’s electricfreight Texas Transportation ity whichisservedbythe closing itsSanAntoniofacil- has announcedthatitis Meanwhile thePearlBrewery Line for Brewery Call Last system. voters abouttheproposed good jobofinformingthe transit agencydidnotdoa community feltthatthe also afactor.Someinthe near Pier17. of-way 1059 ontheEmbarcadero right- PCC Boston Elevated Railway under construction, and still Building stop, theFerry 1054 at 1052 and Building, PCCs the Ferry south of 1054 just Cheese” PCC passing Philadelphia “Cream Street, Melbournetram 496 onJefferson Wharf Fisherman’s of through theheart rumbles top right,1914 Muni car 130 March 4,2000.Clockwise from on activities Below, openingday resembleto aBrooklyn trolley. painted former PCC Philadelphia a on the San Francisco “F-Line”is used the streetcars Above, oneof

LOS ANGELES Big Reds Return, Sort Of n conjunction with the tenth anniversary of the Blue Line, two of the original light rail cars have been repainted into Ithe traditional Pacific Electric colors. This was done as a thank you to the passengers who made the service a success. The paint was applied by the car builder Sumitomo as part of its contract to repaint the entire fleet, but MTA employees were responsible for the interior and exterior details. The exteriors of cars 109 and 148 bear the gold “but- terfly wings” and center headlight of a 1940-style Red Car. Above the side windows are the words “Pacific Electric” in gold letters. The interior walls have a light mint green wain- Los Angeles Metro Green Line trains. Rolling stock now in Boston’s 11 remaining PCCs are scot with cream above. Forest green upholstery replaces the LRV’s 201–207 under construc- service on the Green Line will being rehabilitated and repainted tion at the Siemens factory in be transferred to Blue Line into their original orange and Sacramento. The first of these service when the work is com- cream colors for continued service SD-460’s was delivered to the pleted. In turn, new cars built on the Mattapan-Ashmont line. MTA in 1998. A total of 52 by Siemens will provide the Car 3265 was the first unit to be vehicles are on order, including service on the Green Line. completed and is shown with cars two driverless prototypes. still sporting the green and white bill vigrass Pasadena Metro Blue Line paint scheme in the Mattapan yard. Contracts have been awarded for sections of the light rail line to Pasadena. This BOSTON service was originally supposed to be through routed with the Blue Line to Long Beach utilizing an extension of the Eleven PCCs Getting Makeover Flower Street subway through downtown Los Angeles. However, funding problems placed the entire plan in jeop- n September 14, 1999 the first of 11 refurbished PCC PCCs which are being restored at a cost of $400,000 per car ardy. The project was salvaged when the voters approved cars entered service on the Mattapan-Ashmont line. (about 20 times their original cost). The MBTA has also the creation of a new agency to carry out the construction OCar 3265 was completely rebuilt by the MBTA staff at announced that the Huntington Avenue route will be cut of the portion of the line between Union Station and the Orient Heights shops of the Blue Line. The rebuilt car back to Brigham Circle during the Summer of 2000 to permit Pasadena, a distance of nearly 14 miles. The new was constructed by Pullman Standard in 1945 and is painted the installation of new track on South Huntington Avenue Pasadena Metro Blue Line Construction Authority has in its original Orange and Cream colors. The MBTA has above the Heath Street loop. The transit agency has pledged awarded a $21 million contract for the construction of a pledged to continue rail service on the line with the vintage to restore this service when the track work is completed. original blue fabric on the Above, two of the Los Angeles 2,900 foot aerial structure through the Chinatown section frank miklos seats. The cars also received Blue Line cars were repainted of Los Angeles. new brass whistles with into Pacific Electric colors to com- The prospect of additional light or heavy rail transit lines and the Pacific Electric Interurbans, the public transit man- the same E-flat tone that was memorate the tenth anniversary Red Line Subway Opens in Los Angeles is subject to question because of the cost agers dismissed such objections by declaring that diesel first installed on the original of the opening of service. The The last 6.3 miles of the Red Line subway to the San overruns experienced in the construction of the Red Line. buses didn’t pollute. Pacific Electric Cars in 1914. new “Big Red” cars are shown Fernando Valley will be opened on June 24. The work ends There is strong pressure to invest more money in improved That sound was so admired above waiting for the signal 15 years of construction delays, accidents and cost overruns bus service. However, the South Coast Air Quality Port Line Planned that it was licensed to at Flower Street and Washington that made front page headlines. The Red Line was originally Management District Board in California recently adopted Another rail service is planned for the Port of Los Angeles. Westinghouse for use on Boulevard. frank miklos supposed to extend further into central Los Angeles and con- new rules that would force the use of cleaner-burning alter- Former Pacific Electric car 1058 along with two replica 500- trains nationwide. The cars tinue beyond Union Station into East Los Angeles. However, native fuels in public vehicles. Their action bans the pur- series cars will be used on a one-mile line between the Ports will enter revenue service on July 14. when the costs began to escalate, the voters blocked the use chase of diesel buses by transit operators with more than of Call and the piers which serve cruise ships and Catalina of local sales tax revenue for additional subway construction. 100 vehicles in Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino Ferry. Service may begin as early as the end of this year. | Growing Pains for Blue Line The 17.4 miles of completed subway cost more than Counties. The study found that diesel emissions are Ridership on the Blue Line to Long Beach has grown to $4.5 billion to construct, making the Red Line the most responsible for most of the cancer risk in the region. except where noted, news items were compiled 60,000 daily passengers. To relieve overcrowding, stations expensive rapid transit system in the nation’s history. Ironically, back in the post-war years when citizens were from material supplied by russ davies, harold w. on the line will be lengthened to accommodate three-car The rail service is projected to carry 100,000 daily riders. protesting the abandonment of the Los Angeles streetcars geissenheimer and j. william vigrass.

12 headlights | january–june 2000 headlights | january–june 2000 13 headlights news

12 headlights | january–june 2000 headlights | january–june 2000 13 James n. j. henwood SOUTH SHORE: THE LAST INTERURBAN, REVISED SECOND EDITION by William D. Middleton Indiana University Press, 1999 602 North Morton Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47404 8<" x 11" hardcover, 191 pages, $35

n 1970, Golden West Books published South Shore: The Last Interurban, William D. Middleton’s history of Ithe Chicago, South Shore and South Bend Railroad, the one-time interurban which evolved into a modern intercity electric railroad. Much has happened in the past 30 years, and Middleton carries the story to the present in this revised edition from Indiana University Press.

The basic story is the same as in the first edition. Opening in 1908 as the Chicago, Lake Shore and South Bend, this line featured a 6,600 watt, single-phase alternating current system to power its heavy, Niles-built cars. Connections were soon established with the Illinois Central, which provided a route to the downtown Loop. Freight service began in 1916, which ultimately became the line’s salvation. After suffering financial losses in the post-World War I era, the line was reorganized by Samuel Insull, rebuilt and modernized with new cars and a new direct current electrical system. Prosperity returned briefly, until the Great Depression resulted in another bankruptcy. Recovering after World War II, the line faced declining passenger loads and seriously considered becoming a freight-only carrier, under Chesapeake and Ohio control. Public funds saved the service, which was again modernized, with freight operated by diesels and a private company. In this manner, the hybrid public/private South Shore continues to run today.

In this revised edition of The Last Interurban, new para- graphs have been added to several chapters; some new photographs appear; an additional chapter has been added covering events since 1970; some illustrations from the first edition have been omitted; line drawings of the current cars have been inserted; a bibliography in included, and the index has been revised. There is even a new paint- ing on the front dust jacket, while the original jacket paint- ing has been shifted to the back. Unfortunately, most photo captions have not been changed and some appear dated.

Readers who own the original edition of The Last Interurban A two car train trundles down the street in South Bend in the late 1940s. will have to decide if these changes justify purchasing this The South Shore train service was cut back to the Bendix stop on the outskirts effort. But those who do not have the earlier work are of the city following a series of accidents in the 1970s on the street-running advised to buy this reasonably priced version by one of portion of the line. The trains now terminate at the South Bend Airport. the outstanding traction historians. | john stern / sprague library / sprague stern john collection

14 headlights | january–june 2000 headlights | january–june 2000 15 James n. j. henwood SOUTH SHORE: THE LAST INTERURBAN, REVISED SECOND EDITION by William D. Middleton Indiana University Press, 1999 602 North Morton Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47404 8<" x 11" hardcover, 191 pages, $35

14 headlights | january–june 2000 headlights | january–june 2000 15 Rise and shine. (left) Tatra T3 1199 and trailer waiting to enter service at Mangyongdae.

16 headlights | january–june 2000 photographs by clive foss headlights | january–june 2000 17 Rise and shine. (left) Tatra T3 1199 and trailer waiting to enter service at Mangyongdae.

16 headlights | january–june 2000 photographs by clive foss headlights | january–june 2000 17 RETURN TO PYONGYANG

Solemn occasion. (below) Narrow gauge ex- Zurich cars 111/211 entering Jonsung station on the line built to serve the Great Leader’s mausoleum.

In the Summer of 1999, public transport the North Korean capital of Pyongyang he immaculate and was showing real signs of improvement. Two years earlier, shortages of fuel and well maintained equipment had meant that only two streetcar lines were running (see Headlights, Oct–Dec 1997, pages 8–11). Now, all four are in operation using a good deal of new Tcars and trailers, equipment. The second-hand cars from Leipzig and Dresden bought in 1997 have painted in two tones arrived, and are in active service on all three standard-gauge lines. These seem to of green, provide an provide the entire service on the East Pyongyang line, replacing the welded artic- extremely smooth ride. ulated units that formerly ran there. That line operates along both sides of the road, but the others run down the middle, except for the long stretch on the broad Kwangbok (Liberation) boulevard. Despite several requests to my guides, I never managed to ride any of these cars, though it was possible to arrange a photo stop at the Mangyongdae (western) terminus of line no. 1. The main reason foreigners are prohibited from riding public transport is probably the excessive crowding which can be observed at all hours. In spite of the improved service, there are still enormously long lines of people, care- fully supervised by the police, waiting to board the cars in the center of city during rush hours. Photography of these crowds or of people in general is not permitted. In any case, there is much more frequent service everywhere by much more colorful cars: the German cars are painted cream and green, blue or red, and some of the old Tatra fleet now appear in bright blue and white, rather than unvarying red and cream. The German cars normally run in pairs—two motors or a motor and trailer—and rarely operate as single units except late at night. Unfortunately, it was not possible to find out which cars came from which German city.

Meter-Gauge Line On the other hand, I was able to visit the unique meter-gauge line in the northern part of the city. It runs about three miles in a straight line along a paved and land- scaped right-of-way beside a broad boulevard, completely inde- pendent of the rest of the system. At the western end, the clean and modern Jonsung station is a good walk from the nearest metro, but connected by a long covered walkway to what appears to be a bus terminal. The cars make a loop into the station to col- lect and discharge orderly well-dressed crowds of pilgrims, for this line has a special function. It exists to serve the Kumsusan Memorial Palace, formerly the office, now the mausoleum of the Great Leader, Kim Il Sung. For North Koreans, this is one of the great attractions of the capital, and huge numbers of people come from all over the country to pay their solemn respects to the founder of their nation. Good behavior and correct dress are required. The line goes directly to the Palace, past Kim Il Sung University, making no stops until it arrives at the eastern terminus, which is connected by a covered walkway to the entrance of the vast mausoleum. The carbarn lies beyond, at the end of another loop. Good luck and much effort made it was possible to get a close look at this line. My guide and I entered the west station incorrectly along the track and were promptly stopped by the police. The guide then started negotiating with the station manger who took him off to his headquarters, and eventually returned with an unexpected treat: I would be allowed to ride the line. According to the manager and

18 headlights | january–june 2000 headlights | january–june 2000 19 RETURN TO PYONGYANG

Solemn occasion. (below) Narrow gauge ex- Zurich cars 111/211 entering Jonsung station on the line built to serve the Great Leader’s mausoleum.

18 headlights | january–june 2000 headlights | january–june 2000 19