ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT REPORT MAIN REPORT date: 31 January 2012 version 5 SE NNEGC ENERGOATOM Ukraine NPP Safety Upgrade Program: Ecological Assessment Energoatom - Date 31.01.2012 Page 1 This document is presented by Energoatom for the purposes of the ecological assessment on the Ukrainian NPP Safety Upgrade Project. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry of Ukraine or the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and European Commission. This report was prepared with assistance of experts from Pöyry (Finland, France, Switzerland & Germany), UCEWP and AESCAR (Ukraine). Cover page picture rights: Energoatom Ukraine NPP Safety Upgrade Program – Ecological Assessment Report – version 5 Energoatom - Date 31.01.2012 Page 2 Contents INTRODUCTION: PURPOSE OF THE REPORT 9 1 GENERAL INFORMATION 10 1.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 10 1.2 ACRONYMS 10 1.3 DOCUMENTS THAT FORM THE BASIS FOR THE EA 11 1.3.1 INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS 11 1.3.2 NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF UKRAINE 12 1.3.3 INTERNATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS 12 1.4 INFORMATION ON SUP EA EXECUTORS 12 1.5 SUP GOALS 13 1.5.1 UKRAINE ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION SECTOR 13 1.5.2 PRESENTATION OF THE NPPS 14 1.5.3 PURPOSE OF THE UPGRADE PROGRAM 15 1.6 SUP MEASURES STRUCTURE 17 1.6.1 SUP MEASURES AT THE BEGINNING OF EA 17 1.6.2 ADDITIONAL SUP MEASURES DECIDED IN THE LIGHT OF FUKUSHIMA EVENT ANALYSIS 19 1.7 SUP CONNECTION WITH OTHER PROGRAMS 20 1.7.1 PREVIOUS PROGRAMS RELATED TO SAFETY UPGRADE 20 1.7.2 OTHER PROGRAMS UNDER PREPARATION BY ENERGOATOM IN PARALLEL TO SUP 20 1.8 ALTERNATIVES TO SUP IMPLEMENTATION 22 1.8.1 "NO‐PROJECT" ALTERNATIVE 22 1.8.2 OTHER ALTERNATIVES 22 1.9 STATE POLICY ON PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT AND POPULATION HEALTH 23 1.10 PUBLIC AND OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT AT NPP LEVEL 23 1.10.1 HEALTH SAFETY ENVIRONMENT (HSE) MANAGEMENT 23 1.10.2 EARLY WARNING AND PREPAREDNESS 25 1.11 LIST OF ECOLOGICAL AND SANITARY‐EPIDEMIOLOGIC LIMITATIONS 27 1.12 LIST OF ANALYZED SOURCES OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 28 1.13 LIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT TYPES OF UKRAINIAN NPPS IN OPERATION 28 1.13.1 RADIATION IMPACT 28 1.13.2 CHEMICAL IMPACT 29 1.13.3 NON‐RADIATION PHYSICAL IMPACT 29 1.14 LIST OF OBJECTS POTENTIALLY IMPACTED BY UKRAINIAN NPPS 29 1.15 APPROACHES, METHODS AND ASSUMPTIONS OF SUP EA 29 1.16 SCHEDULED EXPERTISE OF SUP AND SUP EA REPORT 30 1.17 MAIN INFORMATION SOURCES USED IN THE PROCESS OF SUP EA 30 2 EA OF SUP IMPLEMENTATION AT THE ZAPORIZHZHYA NPP 31 2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE NPP 31 2.1.1 AREA AND LOCATION OF THE NPP 31 2.1.2 SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE ZAPORIZHZHYA NPP’S INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY AND HAZARD CLASS 32 2.1.3 SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE ZAPORIZHZHYA NPP’S PRODUCTION 32 2.1.4 DATA ON RAW MATERIAL, LAND, WATER, ENERGY AND OTHER RESOURCES USED 32 2.1.5 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE NPP TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS 33 Ukraine NPP Safety Upgrade Program – Ecological Assessment Report – version 5 Energoatom - Date 31.01.2012 Page 3 2.1.6 SUP MEASURES AIMING AT MITIGATION OR ELIMINATION OF HAZARDOUS EMISSIONS INTO THE ENVIRONMENT 34 2.1.7 DESCRIPTION OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL TREATMENT SCHEME & SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL VOLUMES 34 2.1.8 DESCRIPTION OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE TREATMENT SCHEME AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE VOLUMES 35 2.1.9 DESCRIPTION OF HAZARDOUS AND GENERAL INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT SCHEME AND VOLUMES 36 2.1.10 SUP MEASURES AIMING AT REDUCING WASTES VOLUMES OR IMPROVING WASTE TREATMENT 36 2.1.11 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DESIGN AND NON‐DESIGN ACCIDENTS ANALYZED 36 2.1.12 DESIGN SOLUTIONS REDUCING OR MITIGATING CONSEQUENCES OF ACCIDENTS (REGARDLESS OF SUP) 37 2.1.13 SUP MEASURES AIMING AT REDUCING ACCIDENT RISKS OR MITIGATING ACCIDENT CONSEQUENCES 38 2.1.14 SANITARY‐PROTECTION ZONE AND MONITORING ZONE OF NPP 38 2.2 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON NATURAL ENVIRONMENT 39 2.2.1 CLIMATE AND MICROCLIMATE 39 2.2.2 AIR QUALITY 40 2.2.3 GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 41 2.2.4 AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT (GROUND WATERS, SURFACE WATER BASINS) 42 2.2.5 SOIL AND LANDSCAPE 44 2.2.6 FLORA, FAUNA, RESERVES 45 2.3 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 47 2.3.1 SOCIAL BASELINE THE NPP MONITORING ZONE 47 2.3.2 FORECASTED PUBLIC HEALTH REGARDLESS OF SUP (IN NORMAL OPERATION OR IN CASE OF ACCIDENT) 48 2.3.3 IMPACT OF SUP MEASURES ON FORECASTED PUBLIC HEALTH STATE 49 2.3.4 IMPACT OF SUP ON LOCAL POPULATION’S SOCIAL CONDITIONS 50 2.4 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON TECHNOGENIC ENVIRONMENT 51 2.4.1 SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING STATE WITHIN THE MONITORING ZONE 51 2.4.2 IMPACT OF NPP ON TECHNOGENIC ENVIRONMENT REGARDLESS OF SUP 51 2.4.3 IMPACT OF SUP MEASURES ON TECHNOGENIC ENVIRONMENT 52 2.4.4 POSSIBLE IMPACT ON NPP FROM THE TECHNOGENIC ENVIRONMENT (REGARDLESS OF SUP) 52 2.5 COMPREHENSIVE MEASURES TO ENSURE STANDARD STATE OF ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY 53 2.5.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RESOURCE‐SAVING MEASURES TAKEN ON NPP REGARDLESS OF SUP 53 2.5.2 NEED FOR ADDITIONAL RESOURCE‐SAVING MEASURES IN CONNECTION WITH SUP 54 2.5.3 SOCIAL AND WORKERS PROTECTION MEASURES TAKEN ON NPP REGARDLESS OF SUP 54 2.5.4 CHANGES IN SOCIAL AND WORKERS PROTECTION MEASURES AS A RESULT OF SUP IMPLEMENTATION 55 2.5.5 REHABILITATION (RENEWAL) MEASURES UNDERTAKEN DURING NPP CONSTRUCTION 56 2.5.6 NEED FOR ADDITIONAL REHABILITATION (RENEWAL) MEASURES IN CONNECTION WITH THE SUP 56 2.5.7 COMPENSATORY MEASURES TAKEN IN THE PROCESS OF NPP OPERATION 56 2.5.8 NEED FOR ADDITIONAL COMPENSATORY MEASURES AS A RESULT OF SUP IMPLEMENTATION 56 2.5.9 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION MEASURES RELATED TO NPP OPERATION 57 2.5.10 NEED FOR CHANGING ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION MEASURES AS A RESULT OF SUP IMPLEMENTATION 58 2.5.11 RESIDUAL IMPACT OF NPP UNDER NORMAL OPERATION (REGARDLESS OF SUP) 58 2.5.12 CHANGES IN RESIDUAL IMPACT AS A RESULT OF SUP IMPLEMENTATION 61 2.5.13 COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF NPP’S ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT UNDER NORMAL OPERATION AS A RESULT OF SUP 62 2.5.14 COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL RISKS IN CASE OF ACCIDENT ON NPP (REGARDLESS OF SUP) 62 2.5.15 COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN ECOLOGICAL RISKS IN CASE OF ACCIDENT ON NPP AS A RESULT OF SUP 62 2.5.16 ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF SUP IMPLEMENTATION ACCORDING TO ECOLOGICAL IMPACT ON POPULATION HEALTH 63 2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CHANGE IN THE PROCESS OF SUP IMPLEMENTATION 63 3 EA OF SUP IMPLEMENTATION AT THE RIVNE NPP 65 3.1 GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE NPP 65 3.1.1 AREA AND LOCATION OF THE NPP 65 3.1.2 SHORT DESCRIPTION OF RIVNE NPP INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY AND HAZARD CLASS 66 3.1.3 SHORT DESCRIPTION OF RIVNE NPP PRODUCTION 66 3.1.4 DATA ON RAW MATERIAL, LAND, WATER, ENERGY AND OTHER RESOURCES USED 66 Ukraine NPP Safety Upgrade Program – Ecological Assessment Report – version 5 Energoatom - Date 31.01.2012 Page 4 3.1.5 DESCRIPTION OF THE NPP TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS 66 3.1.6 SUP MEASURES AIMING AT MITIGATION OR ELIMINATION OF HAZARDOUS EMISSIONS INTO ENVIRONMENT 68 3.1.7 DESCRIPTION OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL TREATMENT SCHEME & SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL VOLUMES 68 3.1.8 DESCRIPTION OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE TREATMENT SCHEME AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE VOLUMES 69 3.1.9 DESCRIPTION OF HAZARDOUS AND GENERAL INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT SCHEME AND VOLUMES 70 3.1.10 SUP MEASURES AIMED AT REDUCING WASTES VOLUMES OR IMPROVING WASTE TREATMENT 71 3.1.11 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DESIGN AND NON‐DESIGN ACCIDENTS ANALYZED 71 3.1.12 DESIGN SOLUTIONS REDUCING OR MITIGATING CONSEQUENCES OF ACCIDENTS (REGARDLESS OF SUP) 72 3.1.13 SUP MEASURES AIMING AT REDUCING ACCIDENT RISKS OR MITIGATING ACCIDENT CONSEQUENCES 72 3.1.14 SANITARY‐PROTECTION ZONE AND MONITORING ZONE OF NPP 72 3.2 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON NATURAL ENVIRONMENT 73 3.2.1 CLIMATE AND MICROCLIMATE 73 3.2.2 AIR QUALITY 73 3.2.3 GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 75 3.2.4 AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT (GROUND WATERS, SURFACE WATER BASINS) 76 3.2.5 SOIL AND LANDSCAPE 77 3.2.6 FLORA, FAUNA, RESERVES 79 3.3 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 80 3.3.1 SOCIAL BASELINE THE NPP MONITORING ZONE 80 3.3.2 FORECASTED PUBLIC HEALTH REGARDLESS OF SUP (IN NORMAL OPERATION OR IN CASE OF ACCIDENT) 82 3.3.3 IMPACT OF SUP MEASURES ON THE OUTCOME OF FORECASTED PUBLIC HEALTH STATE 83 3.3.4 IMPACT OF SUP ON LOCAL POPULATION’S SOCIAL CONDITIONS 84 3.4 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON TECHNOGENIC ENVIRONMENT 84 3.4.1 SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING STATE WITHIN THE MONITORING ZONE 84 3.4.2 IMPACT OF NPP ON TECHNOGENIC ENVIRONMENT REGARDLESS OF SUP 85 3.4.3 IMPACT OF SUP MEASURES ON TECHNOGENIC ENVIRONMENT 85 3.4.4 POSSIBLE IMPACT ON NPP FROM THE TECHNOGENIC ENVIRONMENT (REGARDLESS OF SUP) 86 3.5 COMPREHENSIVE MEASURES TO ENSURE STANDARD STATE OF ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY 87 3.5.1 DESCRIPTION OF RESOURCE‐SAVING MEASURES TAKEN ON NPP REGARDLESS OF SUP 87 3.5.2 NEED FOR ADDITIONAL RESOURCE‐SAVING MEASURES IN CONNECTION WITH SUP 87 3.5.3 SOCIAL AND WORKERS PROTECTION MEASURES TAKEN ON NPP REGARDLESS OF SUP 88 3.5.4 CHANGES IN SOCIAL AND WORKERS PROTECTION MEASURES AS A RESULT OF SUP IMPLEMENTATION 88 3.5.5 REHABILITATION (RENEWAL) MEASURES UNDERTAKEN DURING NPP CONSTRUCTION 89 3.5.6 NEED FOR ADDITIONAL REHABILITATION (RENEWAL) MEASURES IN CONNECTION WITH THE SUP 89 3.5.7 COMPENSATORY MEASURES TAKEN IN THE PROCESS OF NPP OPERATION 90 3.5.8 NEED FOR ADDITIONAL COMPENSATORY MEASURES AS A RESULT OF SUP IMPLEMENTATION 90 3.5.9 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION MEASURES RELATED TO NPP OPERATION 90 3.5.10 CHANGES IN THE SET OF PROTECTION MEASURES AS A RESULT OF SUP IMPLEMENTATION 91 3.5.11 RESIDUAL IMPACT OF NPP UNDER NORMAL OPERATION (REGARDLESS OF SUP) 91 3.5.12 CHANGES IN RESIDUAL IMPACT AS A RESULT OF SUP IMPLEMENTATION 93 3.5.13 COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF NPP’S ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT UNDER NORMAL OPERATION