DOCSLIB.ORG

Syndrome of the Month

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Syndrome of the Month 332332~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~J7Med Genet 1992; 29: 332-337 SYNDROME OF THE MONTH W.eaver syndrome T R P Cole, N R Dennis, H E Hughes In 1974 Weaver et al' described two unrelated born at 40 to 41 weeks' gestation. Cases 1, 2, children with accelerated growth, advanced and 3 were born by caesarean section because bone age, and a characteristic facial appearance. of fetal distress, but there were no serious The condition subsequently became known as neonatal complications. Paternal ages were 33, the Weaver-Smith syndrome (WSS). Since the 26, 35, and 32 years and maternal ages 39, 25, original report, approximately 30 further cases 28, and 23 years, respectively. have been described. It is still debatable if the syndromes of Marshall-Smith (MSS) and Weaver-Smith (WSS) are on24or separate Review of clinical features entities,516 but at present most authors believe GROWTH they are different conditions.' Here we briefly In WSS there is increased prenatal (table 2) include details on four new cases of Weaver- and postnatal weight (fig 3). Birth length and Smith syndrome and review the published OFC seem to be similarly affected (figs 4 and reports. 5), but there are fewer data on these particular parameters. On reviewing 25 published cases 1 -8and the four new cases in this Case reports (figs 1-6) report, birth length and OFC are increased Clinical details of four new cases of WSS are above the 97th centile in 15/18 and 8/15 chil- summarised in table 1. All are male and were dren, respectively. Postnatal height and OFC (c) Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XW. T R P Cole H E Hughes Wessex Regional Genetic Service, The Pr'incess Anne Hospital, Southampton S09 4HA. N R Dennis CorrespondenceCorrspodenctotoDrDr Cole.Cle.Figure 1 Case 1 at ages (a) 4 months, (b) 12 months, (c and d) 5 years. Weaver syndrome 333 (a) Pr.~~~~~~ w ~ ~~~~~_ . ,-'' _~.r" , (b) (d) (c) FLr'I1 2_ *C(s;I 2 ;at a,EaLISand11 b 3 months, c anici td 5 Years. Kg lb cm in Boys' weight 190 190 Boys' height 80 0 170 170 ,' / 70 )_ ~~~~~~~~~~~//150 60 130 iO 50 // 110 40 0~~~~~~~~ 90 1104 < II|I0 I I,,/I, O 30 70 20 50 30 10 10 2 50 L I 6 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 130 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 Age (years) Age (years) Figure 3 Weight chart cases 1-4. Figure 4 Height chart cases 1-4. 334 Cole, Dennis, Hughes cm CRANIOFACIAL FEATURES (TABLE 1) In infancy the face is round with retrognathia 62 Mean (50th centile) - and a small but very prominent chin, which 58 S often has a central dimple (figs 1 and 2). In +2SD (98th centile) °i childhood, the face becomes longer and less 54 distinctive,'8 although the latter may reflect with 50 - 0- - lack of experience in assessing patients - 0 * WSS in older age groups. In mid-childhood 46 ,-- there are similarities between the facial gestalt / .-.fl717 of Sotos syndrome and WSS (figs Id and 2c). 42 Cases 1, 2, and 4 in the present series were having Sotos syndrome. 38 initially diagnosed as 34 LIMB AND SKELETAL ANOMALIES In I -_-1 _v 1 3 5 7 912 15 18 2 4 6 81014 18 In the two original cases,' prominent fingertip (.u- Months - -!-- Years - ( pads (fig 6) and deep set nails were described. These features can also be seen on examination Figure 5 Occipitofrontal circumference charts cases of the toes (fig 6). Camptodactyly, although 1-4. common (11/16, Ardinger et al7) is by no means a consistent finding and was seen in only one of the four present cases. Cases 1, 2, and 3 had a typical pattern of overriding toes (fig 6) which also appear to be increased (usually >97th required surgical correction in case 2. This centile), but in the authors' own experience, feature may just reflect crowding of the toes, which is in keeping with the findings of but could be analogous to the camptodactyly Majewski et al,9 it seems that weight is more seen in the hands. Similar toe abnormalities significantly increased than height (figs 3 and have been identified in previous case re- 4). The overgrowth in the cases of Bosch- ports'247 '20 in addition to a variety of foot Banyeras et al2 and Weisswichert et all2 was deformities, such as pes cavus'5 and club feet.7 less dramatic, but both children had cardiac Knee and elbow joints are often rather large lesions. Unlike Sotos syndrome, the most with limitation of extension. Radiological ex- commonly differentiated overgrowth con- amination of these joints may show metaphy- dition, OFC in WSS does not appear to be seal flaring. > 97th centile in all cases. Five patients out of 29 have post-infancy OFC values between the 50th and 97th centiles. BEHAVIOUR AND DEVELOPMENT The growth pattern in adolescence and It is likely that there has been ascertainment through to adulthood has not yet been defined, bias towards the severe end of the develop- but the adult cases reported to date have mental spectrum in the early descriptions. All achieved heights of 209-5 cm (+ 5 2 SD),7 seven cases of WSS reported by Ardinger et al7 187 cm (+ 3.5 SD),'8 and 161 cm (50th were developmentally delayed on early assess- centile).'6 However, the diagnosis of WSS in ments, although one patient subsequently the latter case cannot be confirmed on the achieved an IQ score of 100 and one other information provided. These limited data patient was described as being within the low would seem to suggest that adult height in average range. Cases 1 and 2 of the present WSS may be greatly increased; however, these series fall into the category of borderline or reported cases were diagnosed as adults when mild mental handicap and together with case 4 tall stature may have biased ascertainment. show marked early motor and speech delay. Figure 6 Case I showing prominent finger tip pads, prominent pads on toes, and overriding 4th toe. Weaver syndrome 335 Table 1 Clinical summary: four new cases of Weaver-Smith syndrome There are suggestions in published case re- Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Ref 7 ports that muscle tone may increase with time. In the series of patients reported by Ardinger Age 4y Ilm 5y Im 7m ly 1Om Birth weight (g) 5500 4200 4500 4200 et al,7 those patients with hypotonia were aged (SD) (+3-8) (+1-3) (+2 3) (+1-3) 0 to 24 months while the hypertonic patients Birth length (cm) 61 56-6 (SD) (+5-7) (+3-4) were aged between 5 and 39 years. Lower limb Birth OFC (cm) 39 38 reflexes in cases 2, 3, and 4 of the current (SD) (+1-5) (+ 1-0) Broad forehead + + + + 18/19 report are rather brisk, although the plantar Round face in + + + + response is still flexor. Case 7 described by infancy Micrognathia + + + + 17/19 Ardinger et al' had a progressive spasticity Prominent philtrum + + + + 10/14 resulting in the patient becoming wheelchair Large ears + + + + 15/17 (length cm) (7.1) (6-7) (6-8) bound in adulthood. Myelography in this Hypertelorism + + + + 19/19 patient showed what was described as (ICD cm) (3-5) (3-9) (3-5) Large hands + + + + 'questionable' spinal stenosis. Mohonen and Deep set nails + - + + 9/10 Menezes'9 reported a case ofWeaver syndrome Prominent finger/toe pads + - + + 6/9 Overriding toes + + + with instability of the cervical spine and specu- Syndactyly - + lated that this might explain progressive spas- Genital anomalies + + + Tone Normal Reduced Normal Reduced T10/18 ticity. Case 2 of the present series has fusion of 1 5/18 the second and third cervical vertebrae but no Reflexes Normal Brisk Brisk Brisk other axial anomaly. It is speculative whether progressive involvement of the spinal cord, on a background of 'central hypotonia', is the underlying cause of these lower limb signs. Table 2 Comparative birth measurements in three overgrowth syndromes. ADDITIONAL FEATURES Weaver Sotos' Marshall" Weaver et al,' in their original paper, reported the presence of short penile in both Weight>97th entile 14/29 6/41 1/11 length > 90 cen their patients. This feature does not appear Weight<50th centile 3/29 4/41 6/11 to be a common finding in subsequent Length> 97th centile 15/18 23/27 5/10 > 90 cen cases, although cryptorchidism has been OFC> 97th centile 8/15 12/27 3/7 reported.I1216 Inguinal and umbilical herniae > 90 cen are common, the latter present in cases 2 and 3 *'Cut of' at 90th centile. of the current series. In addition, case 2 had a very high left testis and cases 1 and 3 had hydroceles in infancy. These deficits are now improving. At present, Hirsutism, which is more usually associated case 3 appears to be developing normally with MSS,5 has been reported by Jalaguier et (table 3). al4 in a patient where the diagnosis of either Speech in WSS is not only delayed, but is WSS syndrome or MSS syndrome is ques- also often described as slurred or dysarthric tioned. However, this feature has also been and the tone of the voice is rather hoarse and documented by Stoll et al'6 in a patient where low pitched. the diagnosis of WSS seems certain. Behavioural problems are common in WSS Other overgrowth syndromes such as Sotos and poor concentration and temper tantrums syndrome, Beckwith syndrome, and hemi- may be particularly difficult to manage.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tall Stature: a Difficult Diagnosis? Cristina Meazza1* , Chiara Gertosio2, Roberta Giacchero3, Sara Pagani1 and Mauro Bozzola1
    Meazza et al. Italian Journal of Pediatrics (2017) 43:66 DOI 10.1186/s13052-017-0385-5 REVIEW Open Access Tall stature: a difficult diagnosis? Cristina Meazza1* , Chiara Gertosio2, Roberta Giacchero3, Sara Pagani1 and Mauro Bozzola1 Abstract Referral for an assessment of tall stature is less common than for short stature. Tall stature is defined as a height more than two standard deviations above the mean for age. The majority of subjects with tall stature show a familial tall stature or a constitutional advance of growth (CAG), which is a diagnosis of exclusion. After a careful physical evaluation, tall subjects may be divided into two groups: tall subjects with normal appearance and tall subjects with abnormal appearance. In the case of normal appearance, the paediatric endocrinologist will have to evaluate the growth rate. If it is normal for age and sex, the subject may be classified as having familial tall stature, CAG or obese subject, while if the growth rate is increased it is essential to evaluate pubertal status and thyroid status. Tall subjects with abnormal appearance and dysmorphisms can be classified into those with proportionate and disproportionate syndromes. A careful physical examination and an evaluation of growth pattern are required before starting further investigations. Physicians should always search for a pathological cause of tall stature, although the majority of children are healthy and they generally do not need treatment to cease growth progression. The most accepted and effective treatment for an excessive height prediction is inducing puberty early and leading to a complete fusion of the epiphyses and achievement of final height, using testosterone in males and oestrogens in females.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Investigation of Patients with Tall Stature
    2 182 E Vasco de Albuquerque Genetic investigation of tall 182:2 139–147 Clinical Study Albuquerque and others stature patients Genetic investigation of patients with tall stature Edoarda Vasco de Albuquerque Albuquerque1, Mariana Ferreira de Assis Funari2, Elisângela Pereira de Souza Quedas1, Rachel Sayuri Honjo Kawahira3, Raquel Soares Jallad4, Thaís Kataoka Homma1, Regina Matsunaga Martin2,5, Vinicius Nahime Brito2, Alexsandra Christianne Malaquias1,6, Antonio Marcondes Lerario1,7, Carla Rosenberg8, Ana Cristina Victorino Krepischi8, Chong Ae Kim3, Ivo Jorge Prado Arnhold2 and Alexander Augusto de Lima Jorge1 1Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética (LIM25), 2Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular (LIM42), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brasil, 3Unidade de Genética do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil, 4Unidade de Neuroendocrinologia, 5Unidade de Doenças Osteometabólicas, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brasil, 6Unidade de Endocrinologia Pediátrica, Correspondence Departamento de Pediatria, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil, 7Division of should be addressed Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, to A A L Jorge Michigan, USA, and 8Instituto de Biociências (IB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brasil Email [email protected] Abstract Context: Patients with tall stature often remain undiagnosed after clinical investigation and few studies have genetically assessed this group, most of them without a systematic approach. Objective: To assess prospectively a group of individuals with tall stature, with and without syndromic features, and to establish a molecular diagnosis for their growth disorder.
    [Show full text]
  • Megalencephaly and Macrocephaly
    277 Megalencephaly and Macrocephaly KellenD.Winden,MD,PhD1 Christopher J. Yuskaitis, MD, PhD1 Annapurna Poduri, MD, MPH2 1 Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Address for correspondence Annapurna Poduri, Epilepsy Genetics Massachusetts Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Electrophysiology, 2 Epilepsy Genetics Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Department of Neurology, Fegan 9, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Electrophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (e-mail: [email protected]). Semin Neurol 2015;35:277–287. Abstract Megalencephaly is a developmental disorder characterized by brain overgrowth secondary to increased size and/or numbers of neurons and glia. These disorders can be divided into metabolic and developmental categories based on their molecular etiologies. Metabolic megalencephalies are mostly caused by genetic defects in cellular metabolism, whereas developmental megalencephalies have recently been shown to be caused by alterations in signaling pathways that regulate neuronal replication, growth, and migration. These disorders often lead to epilepsy, developmental disabilities, and Keywords behavioral problems; specific disorders have associations with overgrowth or abnor- ► megalencephaly malities in other tissues. The molecular underpinnings of many of these disorders are ► hemimegalencephaly now understood, providing insight into how dysregulation of critical pathways leads to ►
    [Show full text]
  • Level Estimates of Maternal Smoking and Nicotine Replacement Therapy During Pregnancy
    Using primary care data to assess population- level estimates of maternal smoking and nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy Nafeesa Nooruddin Dhalwani BSc MSc Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2014 ABSTRACT Background: Smoking in pregnancy is the most significant preventable cause of poor health outcomes for women and their babies and, therefore, is a major public health concern. In the UK there is a wide range of interventions and support for pregnant women who want to quit. One of these is nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) which has been widely available for retail purchase and prescribing to pregnant women since 2005. However, measures of NRT prescribing in pregnant women are scarce. These measures are vital to assess its usefulness in smoking cessation during pregnancy at a population level. Furthermore, evidence of NRT safety in pregnancy for the mother and child’s health so far is nebulous, with existing studies being small or using retrospectively reported exposures. Aims and Objectives: The main aim of this work was to assess population- level estimates of maternal smoking and NRT prescribing in pregnancy and the safety of NRT for both the mother and the child in the UK. Currently, the only population-level data on UK maternal smoking are from repeated cross-sectional surveys or routinely collected maternity data during pregnancy or at delivery. These obtain information at one point in time, and there are no population-level data on NRT use available. As a novel approach, therefore, this thesis used the routinely collected primary care data that are currently available for approximately 6% of the UK population and provide longitudinal/prospectively recorded information throughout pregnancy.
    [Show full text]
  • Macrocephaly Information Sheet 6-13-19
    Next Generation Sequencing Panel for Macrocephaly Clinical Features: Macrocephaly refers to an abnormally large head, OFC greater than 98th percentile, inclusive of the scalp, cranial bone and intracranial contents. Megalencephaly, brain weight/volume ratio greater than 98th percentile, results from true enlargement of the brain parenchyma [1]. Megalencephaly is typically accompanied by macrocephaly, however macrocephaly can occur in the absence of megalencephaly [2]. Both macrocephaly and megalencephaly can been seen as isolated clinical findings as well as clinical features of a mutli-systemic syndromic diagnosis. Our Macrocephaly Panel includes analysis of the 36 genes listed below. Macrocephaly Sequencing Panel ASXL2 GLI3 MTOR PPP2R5D TCF20 BRWD3 GPC3 NFIA PTEN TBC1D7 CHD4 HEPACAM NFIX RAB39B UPF3B CHD8 HERC1 NONO RIN2 ZBTB20 CUL4B KPTN NSD1 RNF125 DNMT3A MED12 OFD1 RNF135 EED MITF PIGA SEC23B EZH2 MLC1 PPP1CB SETD2 Gene Clinical Features Details ASXL2 Shashi-Pena Shashi et al. (2016) found that six patients with developmental delay, syndrome macrocephaly, and dysmorphic features were found to have de novo truncating variants in ASXL2 [3]. Distinguishing features were macrocephaly, absence of growth retardation, and variability in the degree of intellectual disabilities The phenotype also consisted of prominent eyes, arched eyebrows, hypertelorism, a glabellar nevus flammeus, neonatal feeding difficulties and hypotonia. BRWD3 X-linked intellectual Truncating mutations in the BRWD3 gene have been described in males with disability nonsyndromic intellectual disability and macrocephaly [4]. Other features include a prominent forehead and large cupped ears. CHD4 Sifrim-Hitz-Weiss Weiss et al., 2016, identified five individuals with de novo missense variants in the syndrome CHD4 gene with intellectual disabilities and distinctive facial dysmorphisms [5].
    [Show full text]
  • Orphanet Report Series Rare Diseases Collection
    Marche des Maladies Rares – Alliance Maladies Rares Orphanet Report Series Rare Diseases collection DecemberOctober 2013 2009 List of rare diseases and synonyms Listed in alphabetical order www.orpha.net 20102206 Rare diseases listed in alphabetical order ORPHA ORPHA ORPHA Disease name Disease name Disease name Number Number Number 289157 1-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency 309127 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase 228384 5q14.3 microdeletion syndrome deficiency 293948 1p21.3 microdeletion syndrome 314655 5q31.3 microdeletion syndrome 939 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria 1606 1p36 deletion syndrome 228415 5q35 microduplication syndrome 2616 3M syndrome 250989 1q21.1 microdeletion syndrome 96125 6p subtelomeric deletion syndrome 2616 3-M syndrome 250994 1q21.1 microduplication syndrome 251046 6p22 microdeletion syndrome 293843 3MC syndrome 250999 1q41q42 microdeletion syndrome 96125 6p25 microdeletion syndrome 6 3-methylcrotonylglycinuria 250999 1q41-q42 microdeletion syndrome 99135 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 67046 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 1 deficiency 238769 1q44 microdeletion syndrome 111 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 2 13 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase 976 2,8 dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis deficiency 67047 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 3 869 2A syndrome 75857 6q terminal deletion 67048 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 4 79154 2-aminoadipic 2-oxoadipic aciduria 171829 6q16 deletion syndrome 66634 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 5 19 2-hydroxyglutaric acidemia 251056 6q25 microdeletion syndrome 352328 3-methylglutaconic
    [Show full text]
  • Sotos Syndrome
    European Journal of Human Genetics (2007) 15, 264–271 & 2007 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 1018-4813/07 $30.00 www.nature.com/ejhg PRACTICAL GENETICS In association with Sotos syndrome Sotos syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterised by a distinctive facial appearance, learning disability and overgrowth resulting in tall stature and macrocephaly. In 2002, Sotos syndrome was shown to be caused by mutations and deletions of NSD1, which encodes a histone methyltransferase implicated in chromatin regulation. More recently, the NSD1 mutational spectrum has been defined, the phenotype of Sotos syndrome clarified and diagnostic and management guidelines developed. Introduction In brief Sotos syndrome was first described in 1964 by Juan Sotos Sotos syndrome is characterised by a distinctive facial and the major diagnostic criteria of a distinctive facial appearance, learning disability and childhood over- appearance, childhood overgrowth and learning disability growth. were established in 1994 by Cole and Hughes.1,2 In 2002, Sotos syndrome is associated with cardiac anomalies, cloning of the breakpoints of a de novo t(5;8)(q35;q24.1) renal anomalies, seizures and/or scoliosis in B25% of translocation in a child with Sotos syndrome led to the cases and a broad variety of additional features occur discovery that Sotos syndrome is caused by haploinsuffi- less frequently. ciency of the Nuclear receptor Set Domain containing NSD1 abnormalities, such as truncating mutations, protein 1 gene, NSD1.3 Subsequently, extensive analyses of missense mutations in functional domains, partial overgrowth cases have shown that intragenic NSD1 muta- gene deletions and 5q35 microdeletions encompass- tions and 5q35 microdeletions encompassing NSD1 cause ing NSD1, are identifiable in the majority (490%) of 490% of Sotos syndrome cases.4–10 In addition, NSD1 Sotos syndrome cases.
    [Show full text]
  • Soonerstart Automatic Qualifying Syndromes and Conditions
    SoonerStart Automatic Qualifying Syndromes and Conditions - Appendix O Abetalipoproteinemia Acanthocytosis (see Abetalipoproteinemia) Accutane, Fetal Effects of (see Fetal Retinoid Syndrome) Acidemia, 2-Oxoglutaric Acidemia, Glutaric I Acidemia, Isovaleric Acidemia, Methylmalonic Acidemia, Propionic Aciduria, 3-Methylglutaconic Type II Aciduria, Argininosuccinic Acoustic-Cervico-Oculo Syndrome (see Cervico-Oculo-Acoustic Syndrome) Acrocephalopolysyndactyly Type II Acrocephalosyndactyly Type I Acrodysostosis Acrofacial Dysostosis, Nager Type Adams-Oliver Syndrome (see Limb and Scalp Defects, Adams-Oliver Type) Adrenoleukodystrophy, Neonatal (see Cerebro-Hepato-Renal Syndrome) Aglossia Congenita (see Hypoglossia-Hypodactylia) Aicardi Syndrome AIDS Infection (see Fetal Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) Alaninuria (see Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency) Albers-Schonberg Disease (see Osteopetrosis, Malignant Recessive) Albinism, Ocular (includes Autosomal Recessive Type) Albinism, Oculocutaneous, Brown Type (Type IV) Albinism, Oculocutaneous, Tyrosinase Negative (Type IA) Albinism, Oculocutaneous, Tyrosinase Positive (Type II) Albinism, Oculocutaneous, Yellow Mutant (Type IB) Albinism-Black Locks-Deafness Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy (see Parathyroid Hormone Resistance) Alexander Disease Alopecia - Mental Retardation Alpers Disease Alpha 1,4 - Glucosidase Deficiency (see Glycogenosis, Type IIA) Alpha-L-Fucosidase Deficiency (see Fucosidosis) Alport Syndrome (see Nephritis-Deafness, Hereditary Type) Amaurosis (see Blindness) Amaurosis
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0210567 A1 Bevec (43) Pub
    US 2010O2.10567A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0210567 A1 Bevec (43) Pub. Date: Aug. 19, 2010 (54) USE OF ATUFTSINASATHERAPEUTIC Publication Classification AGENT (51) Int. Cl. A638/07 (2006.01) (76) Inventor: Dorian Bevec, Germering (DE) C07K 5/103 (2006.01) A6IP35/00 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: A6IPL/I6 (2006.01) WINSTEAD PC A6IP3L/20 (2006.01) i. 2O1 US (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................... 514/18: 530/330 9 (US) (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 12/677,311 The present invention is directed to the use of the peptide compound Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-OH as a therapeutic agent for (22) PCT Filed: Sep. 9, 2008 the prophylaxis and/or treatment of cancer, autoimmune dis eases, fibrotic diseases, inflammatory diseases, neurodegen (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP2008/007470 erative diseases, infectious diseases, lung diseases, heart and vascular diseases and metabolic diseases. Moreover the S371 (c)(1), present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions (2), (4) Date: Mar. 10, 2010 preferably inform of a lyophilisate or liquid buffersolution or artificial mother milk formulation or mother milk substitute (30) Foreign Application Priority Data containing the peptide Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-OH optionally together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable car Sep. 11, 2007 (EP) .................................. O7017754.8 rier, cryoprotectant, lyoprotectant, excipient and/or diluent. US 2010/0210567 A1 Aug. 19, 2010 USE OF ATUFTSNASATHERAPEUTIC ment of Hepatitis BVirus infection, diseases caused by Hepa AGENT titis B Virus infection, acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, full minant liver failure, liver cirrhosis, cancer associated with Hepatitis B Virus infection. 0001. The present invention is directed to the use of the Cancer, Tumors, Proliferative Diseases, Malignancies and peptide compound Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-OH (Tuftsin) as a thera their Metastases peutic agent for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of cancer, 0008.
    [Show full text]
  • With a Learning Disability; Guidance for General Practice
    Improving identification of people with a learning disability: guidance for general practice NHS England and Improvement Publishing Approval Reference: 001030 Version 1 NHS England and NHS Improvement Contents Introduction .................................................................................... 2 Actions for practices ....................................................................... 4 Appendix 1: List of codes that indicate a learning disability ........... 7 Appendix 2: List of codes that may indicate a learning disability . 14 Appendix 3: List of outdated codes .............................................. 20 Appendix 4: Learning disability identification check-list ............... 22 1 | Contents Introduction 1. The NHS Long Term Plan1 commits to improve uptake of the existing annual health check in primary care for people aged over 14 years with a learning disability, so that at least 75% of those eligible have a learning disability health check each year. 2. There is also a need to increase the number of people receiving the annual seasonal flu vaccination, given the level of avoidable mortality associated with respiratory problems. 3. In 2017/18, only 44.6% of patients with a learning disability received a flu vaccination and only 55.1% of patients with a learning disability received an annual learning disability health check.2 4. In June 2019, NHS England and NHS Improvement announced a series of measures to improve coverage of annual health checks and flu vaccination for people with a learning disability. One of the commitments was to improve the quality of registers for people with a learning disability3. Clinical coding review 5. Most GP practices have developed a register of their patients known to have a learning disability. This has been developed from clinical diagnoses, from information gathered from learning disabilities teams and social services and has formed the basis of registers for people with learning disability developed for the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF).
    [Show full text]
  • 11 Selected Syndromes and Associations
    11 Selected Syndromes and Associations ĭ Apert Syndrome Definition: Also known as acrocephalic syndac- Other anomalies of the cardiac, renal, and tyly syndrome. It is characterized by a “tower- gastrointestinal systems may also be present. shaped” head, facial dysmorphism, and sym- metrical syndactyly of the fingers and toes. Ultrasound findings: The earliest prenatal diag- nosis was possible at 12 weeks of gestation with Incidence: about one in 100 000 births. nuchal translucency measurements. Syndactyly First described in 1906 by Apert. could also be detected at this stage. At a later stage, an unusual shape of the head resulting Etiology/genetics: Partly autosomal-dominant from premature closure of the cranial sutures inheritance, but frequently sporadic occurrence (tower-shaped head) and facial dysmorphism (new mutation). Advanced paternal age is a fac- (hypoplasia of the midfacial region) are charac- tor favoring its occurrence. Gene defect in the fi- teristic features. Detailed scanning may also re- broblast growth factor receptor-2 gene (FGFR2), veal deep-set ears, unusual shape of the nose, gene locus: 10q26. exophthalmos, and hypertelorism. Clinical features: “Tower-shaped” head, early Differential diagnosis: Carpenter syndrome, closure of cranial sutures, anomalies of the cervi- Crouzon syndrome, cloverleaf skull anomaly, cal vertebral column. Facial anomalies: denting Pfeiffer syndrome, thanatophoric dysplasia, of the forehead in the supraorbital region, hyper- achondrogenesis, Cornelia de Lange syndrome, telorism, flat orbital bone, exophthalmos, squint, EEC syndrome, Fryns syndrome, Joubert syn- deep-set ears, small, beak-shaped nose, syndac- drome, multiple pterygium syndrome, Noonan tyly (as extreme as “spoon hands”), fusion of the syndrome, Roberts syndrome, Smith–Lemli– bony parts of fingers II–IV, short fingers, possibly Opitz syndrome, trisomy 21.
    [Show full text]
  • Essential Genetics 5
    Essential genetics 5 Disease map on chromosomes 例 Gaucher disease 単一遺伝子病 天使病院 Prader-Willi syndrome 隣接遺伝子症候群，欠失が主因となる疾患 臨床遺伝診療室 外木秀文 Trisomy 13 複数の遺伝子の重複によって起こる疾患 挿画 Koromo 遺伝子の座位あるいは欠失等の範囲を示す Copyright (c) 2010 Social Medical Corporation BOKOI All Rights Reserved. Disease map on chromosome 1 Gaucher disease Chromosome 1q21.1 1p36 deletion syndrome deletion syndrome Adrenoleukodystrophy, neonatal Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1A Zellweger syndrome Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Emery-Dreifuss muscular Hypercholesterolemia, familial dystrophy Hutchinson-Gilford progeria Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, type VI Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle type Congenital disorder of Insensitivity to pain, congenital, glycosylation, type Ic with anhidrosis Diamond-Blackfan anemia 6 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Dejerine-Sottas syndrome Marshall syndrome Stickler syndrome, type II Chronic granulomatous disease due to deficiency of NCF-2 Alagille syndrome 2 Copyright (c) 2010 Social Medical Corporation BOKOI All Rights Reserved. Disease map on chromosome 2 Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia Brachydactyly, type D-E, Noonan syndrome Brachydactyly-syndactyly syndrome Peters anomaly Synpolydactyly, type II and V Parkinson disease, familial Leigh syndrome Seizures, benign familial Multiple pterygium syndrome neonatal-infantile Escobar syndrome Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Brachydactyly, type A1 type I, III, IV Waardenburg syndrome Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, type 3 Alport syndrome, autosomal recessive Split-hand/foot malformation Crigler-Najjar
    [Show full text]