agronomy Article Nozzle Selection and Adjuvant Impact on the Efficacy of Glyphosate and PPO-Inhibiting Herbicide Tank-Mixtures Jesaelen G. Moraes 1,* , Thomas R. Butts 1 , Vitor M. Anunciato 2 , Joe D. Luck 3 , Wesley C. Hoffmann 4, Ulisses R. Antuniassi 5 and Greg R. Kruger 1 1 Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE 69101, USA;
[email protected] (T.R.B.);
[email protected] (G.R.K.) 2 Department of Plant Protection, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618687, Brazil;
[email protected] 3 Department of Biological System Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE 69101, USA;
[email protected] 4 USDA-ARS Aerial Application Technology Research Unit, College Station, TX 77845, USA;
[email protected] 5 Department of Rural Engineering, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618687, Brazil;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +1-402-219-1674 Abstract: PPO-inhibiting herbicides in combination with glyphosate for postemergence applications is a common approach to manage glyphosate- and ALS-inhibitor-resistant weeds. PPO-inhibitors can reduce glyphosate translocation when applied in tank-mixtures, but adjuvants may be used to overcome this effect. Additionally, optimal droplet size may be affected by tank-mixtures of different Citation: Moraes, J.G.; Butts, T.R.; herbicides and it can be crucial to herbicide efficacy. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted M. Anunciato, V.; Luck, J.D.; to investigate the impact of nozzle selection and adjuvants on weed control and interactions when Hoffmann, W.C.; Antuniassi, U.R.; applying PPO-inhibitors (fomesafen or lactofen) alone or in tank-mixture with glyphosate to five Kruger, G.R.