Table of Contents Publisher’s Note ...... vii Editor’s Introduction ...... ix Contributors ...... xiii

Early Encounters and Conflicts

Iroquois Thanksgiving Address ...... 3 Christopher Columbus: Letter to Raphael Sanxis on the Discovery of America ...... 11 John Smith: The Generall Historie of Virginia ...... 23 Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson ...... 33 Appeal to Choctaws and Chickasaws ...... 42 Memorial to Congress ...... 47 Cherokee Nation v. Georgia ...... 51 Worcester v. Georgia ...... 58

Western Wars and Aftermaths

Battle of Sand Creek: Editorials and Congressional Testimony...... 65 Treaty of Fort Laramie ...... 85 Status Report on the Condition of the Navajos ...... 93 Accounts of the Battle of Little Bighorn ...... 99 Address of the Lake Mohonk Conference on Indian Affairs ...... 104 Dawes Severalty Act ...... 109 Trouble on the Paiute Reservation ...... 119 Wounded Knee Massacre: Statements and Eyewitness Accounts ...... 123

New Lives and Circumstances

Charles Eastman: Indian Boyhood ...... 135 The Surrender of Geronimo ...... 143 The Ghost Dance Religion – Wovoka’s “Messiah Letter” and Z.A. Parker’s “The Ghost Dance Among the Lakota” ...... 150 Edward S. Curtis: Introduction to The North American Indian ...... 157 A New Deal for American Indians ...... 163 Letter Recommending Navajo Enlistment ...... 167

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DDDD NNativeative AAmericans.inddmericans.indd v 111/5/20171/5/2017 11:20:3011:20:30 PPMM Indian Civil Rights Act ...... 171 Indians of All Tribes Occupation of Alcatraz: Proclamation ...... 177 “Trail of Broken Treaties” Twenty-Point Position Paper ...... 182 American Indian Movement—National Operational Goal ...... 188 President Gerald Ford’s Statement on Signing the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975 ...... 193 American Indian Religious Freedom Act ...... 197

Later Developments

Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act ...... 205 Summary of Letter Requesting Further Review of the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) and Memorandum Opinion re. Vacatur ...... 211

Appendixes

Chronological List ...... 223 Web Resources ...... 225 Bibliography ...... 227 Index ...... 233

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